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M., Prabodh, Chaitanya Prasad K., Ashish S., Suthakaran R., and Abhijit K. "INDONESIAN PATENT SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 2, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v2i2.129.
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Intellectual property protection is a one type of protection to the innovator from their creative efforts. On November 1, 1991, the Indonesian Parliament passed Law No. 6/1989 on Patents. The new law came into effect on August 1, 1991. The patenting system in Indonesia is discussed using some recent statistics and their fees, patent exclusivity, litigation, grace period. As of 1989, there have been over 13,000 applications for temporary patent registration, 96% of which were of foreign origins. None of the applications were denied, were ever granted because no patent Law existed. In this paper discussed brief introduction about Indonesia patent system.
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Honcharenko, Olena, Olha Diachenko, and Nataliia Bykova-Fedorchuk. "State regulation of Ukraine's foreign trade in a global pandemic." Scientific Horizons 23, no. 9 (September 23, 2020): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.23(9).2020.86-97.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused problems in all sectors of the world economy. There is no doubt that the pandemic will have far-reaching negative consequences for the world economy, including Ukraine. It is established that in January-September 2020, exports of Ukrainian goods decreased by almost 6%, imports – by 19%. Exports maintained large harvests of grain and oilseeds. Monitoring of changes in trade policy in the context of the spread of COVID-19 allowed to identify groups of countries that have introduced restrictive measures in trade policy: in 24 countries no export-import restrictions were introduced, in 19 countries indirect measures were implemented to protect the economy. To offset the negative effects on business, governments are developing aid packages to support it. These are mainly the following instruments: loans at reduced rates, the grace period for the payment of tax liabilities, cash grants. It was established that only some developing countries impose temporary foreign trade restrictions to avoid shortages in the domestic market. Most countries use other economic incentives to mitigate the effects of a pandemic. Ukraine is implementing economic measures and temporary trade restrictions to counter the pandemic. In particular, the Government of Ukraine introduced temporary restrictions on exports with the establishment of a zero quota for alcohol, buckwheat and anti-epidemic goods. The alcohol export ban not only did not worsen the situation on Ukraine's foreign markets, but also marked almost triple their extension. The embargo on buckwheat and grain exports from Ukraine has tripled imports. Despite the embargo on exports of anti-epidemic goods, trade did not stop, but even increased significantly for some commodity subheadings. The results of the study allowed to identify measures to mitigate the effects of the pandemic in trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine on the international arena.
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Looney, George. "To Account for Such Grace, and: Early Pastoral, and: The Consolation of a Company of Acrobats, and: A Temporary Delaying of the Inevitable." Missouri Review 34, no. 1 (2011): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2011.0015.
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Sochoń, Jan. "Porwanie do „trzeciego nieba”. Tomasz z Akwinu o doświadczeniu mistycznym." Filozofia Chrześcijańska 16 (December 15, 2019): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fc.2019.16.2.
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The author of the present paper tackles the questions related to mystical experience in St. Thomas’ Aquinas writings. He demonstrates that according to the medieval thinker, assuming the belief of impossibility of experiencing vision of the divine essence in this life, mystical experience of Moses and St. Paul (raptus) should be considered as temporary and transient, that only happens once. Such experience transcendshuman natural powers since it is God who takes the initiative in rapture. It also remains passive in itself as it occupies only human intellect which is the one to see the divine essence, while the body remains in dormant state. What is more, this experience is limited because someone who experiences rupture is unable to communicate accurately what exactly had happened to him. Therefore, mystical experience in this life was not of primary importance for St. Thomas. He was more attracted by the direct visual perception of God promised in the Holy Scripture, its implication being that in the supernatural domain the eternal act of knowing God and communion with Him persists. During the visio the object of cognition is more active than its subject. By the infusion of divine light (lumen gloriae) human cognitive abilities are intensifi ed until raptus becomes able to see the divine essence. Naturally, the bestowed grace of seeing God and its intensity depends on experienced intensity of love (caritas) and desire of receiving such grace. It results from the above that saints do not have the same knowledge of God and do not reach the same level of happiness. The chosen can reach it in accordance with their merits and God’s will. However, in the state of salvation the nature of human cognition will not change, since the same human being strives for happiness on earth and reaches it in heaven, realising at the same time his non-self-suffi ciency in reaching this state. This problem lies at the core of Thomas’ inquiry into visio beatifi cans.
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Ocker, Christopher. "Augustine, Episcopal Interests, and the Papacy in Late Roman Africa." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 42, no. 2 (April 1991): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204690000004x.
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The bishops of Roman Africa vacillated in their relations with the papacy in the three decades preceding the Vandal invasion and, more specifically, during the papacies of Innocent, Zosimus, Boniface, and Coelestine. Theyseemed grossly inconsistent, first praising papal authority, then curbing its ability to influence African jurisdiction. In synodal letters of 416 associated with the Pelagian controversy, the bishops exalted Roman authority, even ascribing to the pope a ‘greate dignity’ and a ‘special gift of grace’. An additional private letter of five African bishops contrasted the African ‘brook’ with the Roman ‘spring’. Augustine also acknowledged the special authority of Rome. These were no mere effusions of polite speech. The Africans intended to sway a papal hand in their campaign against Pelagius and his supporters by seeking papal approbation of their condemnations of Pelagianism. The Council of Sardica and Roman law had earlier granted the papacy the authority to function as a ‘court of appeals’ in the Western Church. Accordingly, Innocent responded to the African bishops with a condemnation of the heresy, however equivocal in points of doctrine, dramatically clothed in the style of imperial rescript. Boniface and Coelestine soon provided official approbation of African canons issued in 418 at the Council of Carthage, and Augustine and subsequent popes regarded this as the proof of a consistent papal position in support of African doctrine, leaving Zosimus' temporary exoneration of Pelagius and Caelestius the unsuccessful exception to the rule.
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Skopets, I. S., N. N. Vezikova, A. V. Malafeev, A. N. Malygin, and V. A. Litvinova. "Treatment of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome with ST Segment Elevation in Clinical Practice of the Republic of Karelia: the Results of 10-year Register." Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 16, no. 5 (November 4, 2020): 780–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2020-10-14.
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Aim. To study the clinical course, treatment, and outcomes in the patients with ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STeACS) in real clinical practiceMaterial and methods. Our study is based on data of 5694 patients who were sequentially hospitalized in the Regional Vascular Center from 01.01.2009 to 01.01.2019 due to STeACS and included in the Federal Hospital Register. Men prevailed (65.8%); the average age was 68 years old. 14.1% of the patients had the history of myocardial infarction (MI) before this hospitalization. The reperfusion strategy, drug therapy, as well as the risks of complications and outcomes in real clinical practice of the Republic of Karelia were analyzed. Descriptive statistics methods were used to evaluate the results.Results. In the study group a high frequency of reperfusion interventions (83.5%) with a predominance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; 76.2%) was revealed, as well as optimal drug therapy in most patients. Thus, 99.4% of patients took aspirin, 82.8% – clopidogrel, 91.1% – anticoagulants, 91.6% – beta-blockers, 95.6% – statins, 94.2% – angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptors blockers. A risk assessment of hospital and 6-month mortality was performed using GRACE score. The distribution of the hospital risk mortality were the following: 25.7% of patients had a low (49-125 points), 33.7% an average (126-154 points), and 40.6% of patients had a high risk (more than 154 points). At the same time, the risk of 6-month mortality in a half of the patients (51.6%) was low (27-99 points), the average risk (100-127 points) was determined in 23.0% of patients and the high risk (more than 127 points) – in 25.5% of patients. Life threatening complications developed in 38.1% of patients and the most frequent ones were arrhythmias (31.5%). The outcomes at the discharge from the hospital were as follows: 1432 patients (63.5%) had Q MI, 390 (17.3%) – non Q MI, 76 (3.4%) – unstable angina, 21 (0.9%) – MI of unspecified localization and 317 patients (14.1%) – repeated myocardial infarction.Conclusion. According to the results of a 10-year hospital registry of patients with STeACS, a high frequency of reperfusion interventions and an optimal drug therapy in most patients was revealed. However, to increase the effectiveness of treatment, it is necessary to minimize temporary losses both at the prehospital treatment and during reperfusion.
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Smith, Barbara Tyree, and Grace Goc Karp. "Adapting to Marginalization in a Middle School Physical Education Class." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 16, no. 1 (October 1996): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.16.1.30.
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This qualitative study explored how students adapt to marginalization in a seventh-grade middle school physical education class in the Pacific North-west. The study’s focus included how marginalized students were excluded within the class and how students, identified as marginalized, adapted to exclusion or temporary acceptance. Marginalized students were those who were unable to be accepted into or remain in a group for a period of time (approximately one week). Data were collected through 60 field observations, over a 14-week time period. Informal and formal interviews were conducted with teachers and students. Three boys and 2 girls were identified as marginalized within the physical education class. Formation of groups and strategies used to exclude marginalized students were found to greatly influence how students became initially marginalized. Once marginalized, students rarely changed their status, although a few were able to use strategies that reduced their status temporarily.
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Prell, Julian, Stefan Rampp, Jens Rachinger, Christian Scheller, Alex Alfieri, Liane Marquardt, Christian Strauss, and Viktoria Bau. "Botulinum toxin for temporary corneal protection after surgery for vestibular schwannoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 114, no. 2 (February 2011): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.4.jns10104.
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Object High-grade postoperative facial nerve paresis after surgery for vestibular schwannoma with insufficient eye closure involves a risk for severe ocular complications. When conservative measurements are not sufficient, conventional invasive treatments include tarsorrhaphy and eyelid loading. In this study, injection of botulinum toxin into the levator palpebrae muscle was investigated as an alternative for temporary iatrogenic eye closure. Methods Injection of botulinum toxin was indicated by an interdisciplinary decision (neurosurgery and ophthalmology) in patients with a postoperative facial nerve paresis corresponding to a House-Brackmann Grade of IV or greater and documented abnormalities concerning corneal status such as keratopathia or conjunctival redness. Twenty-five IUs of botulinum toxin were injected transcutaneously and transconjunctivally. Results Six of 11 patients with high-grade paresis showed abnormal corneal findings in the early postoperative period. In 4 of these patients, botulinum toxin was injected; 1 patient declined the treatment, and in 1 patient it was not performed because of contralateral blindness. Temporary eye closure was achieved for 2 to 6 months in all cases. In all cases, facial nerve function had recovered sufficiently in terms of eye closure when the effect of botulinum toxin subsided. Conclusion The application of botulinum toxin for temporary iatrogenic eye closure is an excellent low-risk and temporary alternative to other invasive measures for the treatment of postoperative high-grade facial nerve paresis when the facial nerve is anatomically intact.
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Prevost, Paoline, Kristel Chanard, Luce Fleitout, Eric Calais, Damian Walwer, Tonie van Dam, and Michael Ghil. "Data-adaptive spatio-temporal filtering of GRACE data." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 2034–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz409.
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SUMMARY Measurements of the spatio-temporal variations of Earth’s gravity field from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission have led to new insights into large spatial mass redistribution at secular, seasonal and subseasonal timescales. GRACE solutions from various processing centres, while adopting different processing strategies, result in rather coherent estimates. However, these solutions also exhibit random as well as systematic errors, with specific spatial patterns in the latter. In order to dampen the noise and enhance the geophysical signals in the GRACE data, we propose an approach based on a data-driven spatio-temporal filter, namely the Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA). M-SSA is a data-adaptive, multivariate, and non-parametric method that simultaneously exploits the spatial and temporal correlations of geophysical fields to extract common modes of variability. We perform an M-SSA analysis on 13 yr of GRACE spherical harmonics solutions from five different processing centres in a simultaneous setup. We show that the method allows us to extract common modes of variability between solutions, while removing solution-specific spatio-temporal errors that arise from the processing strategies. In particular, the method efficiently filters out the spurious north–south stripes, which are caused in all likelihood by aliasing, due to the imperfect geophysical correction models and low-frequency noise in measurements. Comparison of the M-SSA GRACE solution with mass concentration (mascons) solutions shows that, while the former remains noisier, it does retrieve geophysical signals masked by the mascons regularization procedure.
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Lemoine, Jean-Michel, Sean Bruinsma, Sylvain Loyer, Richard Biancale, Jean-Charles Marty, Felix Perosanz, and Georges Balmino. "Temporal gravity field models inferred from GRACE data." Advances in Space Research 39, no. 10 (January 2007): 1620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.062.
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Ferch, Richard, Alberto Pasqualin, Giampietro Pinna, Franco Chioffi, and Albino Bricolo. "Temporary arterial occlusion in the repair of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: an analysis of risk factors for stroke." Journal of Neurosurgery 97, no. 4 (October 2002): 836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.4.0836.
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Object. This study was performed to further elucidate technical and patient-specific risk factors for perioperative stroke in patients undergoing temporary arterial occlusion during the surgical repair of their aneurysms. Methods. One hundred twelve consecutive patients in whom temporary arterial occlusion was performed during surgical repair of an aneurysm were retrospectively analyzed. Confounding factors (inadvertent permanent vessel occlusion and retraction injury) were identified in six cases (5%) and these were excluded from further analysis. The demographics for the remaining 106 patients were analyzed with respect to age, neurological status, aneurysm characteristics, intraoperative rupture, duration of temporary occlusion, and number of occlusive episodes; end points considered were outcome at 3-month follow up and symptomatic and radiological stroke. Conclusions. Overall 17% of patients experienced symptomatic stroke and 26% had radiological evidence of stroke attributable to temporary arterial occlusion. A longer duration of clip placement, older patient age, a poor clinical grade (Hunt and Hess Grades IV–V), early surgery, and the use of single prolonged clip placement rather than repeated shorter episodes were associated with a higher risk of stroke based on univariate analysis. Intraoperative aneurysm rupture did not affect stroke risk. On multivariate analysis, only poorer clinical grade (p = 0.001) and increasing age (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with symptomatic stroke risk.
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Chudoba, P., and R. Pujol. "Activated sludge plant facing grape harvest period – a case study." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0259.
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Most of municipal activated sludge plants located in wine production regions receive winery wastewaters during the grape harvest period which lasts usually only a few weeks. A drastic increase in organic pollution (COD, BOD) during this period generates a temporary overloading, resulting very often in biological problems such as decreased sludge settleability, sludge floc disintegration, increased SS concentration in treated effluent and in the worst case a complete plant failure. In order to work satisfactorily even during those temporary overloading periods, the plant has to be oversized. This strategy is rather costly, because such a plant has to run below its nominal capacity during a major part of the year. An original solution has been proposed and successfully tested at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Eguisheim, France. The proposed technique is based on the addition of a mineral material with a low particle size, whose presence positively influences the physical behaviour of the sludge and will allow the nominal capacity of the plant to be surpassed without any important modification. The modification of the sludge structure around the added powdered material improved significantly the sludge settleability (DSVI< 160 ml/g) and enabled the plant to treat organic pollution several times higher than the nominal level.
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Andrew, Robert, Huade Guan, and Okke Batelaan. "Estimation of GRACE water storage components by temporal decomposition." Journal of Hydrology 552 (September 2017): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.06.016.
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De Araújo Júnior, Antônio Santos, Paulo Henrique Pires De Aguiar, Mirella Martins Fazzito, Renata Simm, Apio Claudio Martins Antunes, Carlos Alexandre Zicarelli, and Marco Stefani. "Use of temporary arterial occlusion during anterior cerebral artery aneurysm repair." JBNC - JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE NEUROCIRURGIA 23, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.v23i4.1205.
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Introduction: This study was undertaken to determine variables that could predict, in the perioperative period of anterior communicating artery (ACom) aneurysms surgeries, the likelihood of postoperative sequelae and complications, after temporary arterial occlusion. Patients and Methods: In a universe of 92 patients submitted to ACom aneurysm clipping between 2000 and 2013, 32 were operated in the last seven years. Among these patients, 21 needed temporary arterial occlusion during surgical aneurysm repair, and had their data examined retrospectively. Results: Aneurysms larger than 7mm were more likely to be treated with longer temporary clipping time than small aneurysms, <7mm (22±5.7 vs 11.3±4.1, t-Test, p <0.0001). There was no statistical correlation between time of occlusion and outcome (r=0.92, Pearson, p>0.08). Age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at initial evaluation, and Fisher scale at 1st CT scanning were independent factors of unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale ≤ 3) (cox-regression, p<0.001). Among variable factors, patients older than 50 years, an initial GCS under 13, and a Fisher grade III or IV resulted in worse outcome. Meanwhile gender, tobacco or alcohol addiction, obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, location of temporary occlusion (A1 or A2), intraoperative rupture and the aneurysm size were not identified as independent prognostic factors. During follow-up period, two thirds of the patients had a favorable outcome (GOS ≥ 4), accomplishing normal daily life activities without major complications. Fifty-two percent of patients evolved with hydrocephalus, despite of routine fenestration of the lamina terminalis, performed in 71.4% of procedures. Most patients also developed clinical vasospasm (66.6%), with 19% of the patients presenting with a severe disease. Delayed ischemic neurological deficit was observed in 28.5%, secondary to severe vasospasm, and without any statistical correlation to time of temporary occlusion or intraoperative aneurysm rupture. Conclusion: Temporary clipping during ACom aneurysm repair does not seem to add more morbidities to the procedure, and is not an independent prognostic factor. However, age, initial GCS and Fisher grade are associated to unfavorable outcome.
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Sozańska, Maria. "Transformations of Phases in Titanium Alloy after High Temperature Hydrogen Treatment." Solid State Phenomena 197 (February 2013): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.197.168.
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Positive nature of the effects of hydrogen on the properties of titanium alloys is manifested in the high temperature hydrogen treatment (HTM - Hydrogen Treatment of Materials), where hydrogen is temporary alloying component. The paper presents the results of the possibilities of hydrogen using as a temporary alloying element in Ti-6Al-4V alloy and titanium Grade 3. Treatment of hydrogen alloy consisted of three stages: hydrogenation in hydrogen gas atmosphere at 650°C, a cyclic hydrogen-treatment (3 cycles 850 °C to 250 °C) and a dehydrogenation in vacuum (550°C). It was shown that hydrogen affects appreciably changes the microstructure of surface layer of the tested titanium alloy. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of hydrogen on the two-phase microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Grade 3 titanium and hardness after high temperature hydrogen treatment.
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Di Giacomo, Giovanni de Almeida Prado, Amanda Magalhães, and Sergio Ajzen. "Immediate esthetic crown with a facet of the extracted element." European Journal of Dentistry 08, no. 03 (July 2014): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.137658.
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ABSTRACTThe present report describes a case of implant loading with an immediate temporary crown. The buccal crown surface was removed from the extracted tooth to obtain an aesthetically satisfactory result. After periodontal treatment, tooth 21 appeared proclined and showed Grade 3 mobility, indicating the need for its extraction. The remaining bone was imaged using computed tomography, and virtual surgical planning was performed using these results. The implant was immediately loaded postextraction into the fresh alveolus without a graft and flap procedure. The temporary tooth, which was manufactured using the extracted buccal surface, was a simple, fast, and low cost procedure that produced an excellent esthetic outcome.
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Zhang, Jian Guo. "Study on Construction Method of Double-Track Tunnel on Passenger Dedicated Line by Numerical Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1527.
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In view of the double-track tunnel on passenger dedicated line with speed 250km/h, finite element programming has been employed to simulate dynamic construction process under shallow-buried and bias conditions with grade IV, including stony and soil, and grade V surrounding rock. Different construction methods under various operation conditions have been compared. Based on stability of surrounding rock and safety of primary and temporary lining, proper construction method under various operation conditions has been presented.
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Yoshida, Shiro, Kenji Yoshida, Kensuke Sakai, Kenjiro Nakama, and Naoto Shiba. "Frequency of Scapholunate Ligament Injuries Associated with Distal Radius Shearing Fracture: Correlation of Fracture Patterns and Ligament Tear." Hand Surgery 20, no. 03 (September 21, 2015): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810415500379.
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Background: This retrospective study assessed the prevalence and outcome of intercarpal ligament injuries in non-osteoporotic patients with AO/ASIF classification type B distal radius shearing fractures treated with or without scapholunate temporary fixation. Methods: Fifteen patients (mean age, 33 years) were analyzed according to their scapholunate ligament status at the time of injury and graded with a modified Geissler classification system. Each patient’s postoperative pain and occupational status were assessed in the context of the Modified Mayo wrist score. Second-look arthroscopy was performed for all cases. Results: Scapholunate ligament injuries were present in 14 of 15 type B fractures. Surgical outcomes yielded an improvement in the Mayo wrist score with pinning in cases involving grade 3 or 4 scapholunate injuries. Two cases without pinning had a worse score, as well as a persistent scapholunate tear that was not healed at second-look arthroscopy after eight postoperative months. However, in grade 1 or 2 scapholunate injuries, the Mayo wrist score did not differ between those treated with and without pinning. Conclusions: Scapholunate ligament injury is an important risk factor associated with high-energy distal radius shearing fractures. To prevent these problems, temporary scapholunate joint fixation is a recommended treatment for grade 3 or 4 scapholunate injuries.
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Li, Ang, Chris Davis, Qian Wu, Madeline F. Kesten, Ajay K. Gopal, and David A. Garcia. "Management of Anticoagulation in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1437.1437.
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Abstract Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity in patients with hematologic malignancy who undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT); however, clinically significant bleeding is not uncommon in this setting and anticoagulation is often contraindicated during prolonged periods of severe thrombocytopenia. This study aims to determine the relative risks of continuing versus temporarily withholding therapeutic anticoagulation during periods of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients who undergo autologous HCT. Methods: Adult patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent first autologous HCT at our institution between 2006 and 2015 were selected. Among those, patients with VTE (as identified by ICD9 code and confirmed by chart review) that occurred in the year preceding transplant were selected as the study population. Patients were allocated into two cohorts at the onset of thrombocytopenia based on whether they continued anticoagulation using a high platelet transfusion threshold (50k), or whether they temporarily withheld anticoagulation using a standard platelet transfusion threshold (10k) and restarted treatment upon platelet engraftment. Patient characteristics and VTE risk factors were captured, depicted as number (percentage) and median (interquartile range), and compared using Fisher's exact and rank sum tests. Primary outcomes included rate of VTE extension/recurrence (assessed by appropriate imaging modality) and major bleeding (defined as grade 3 or 4 bleeding by WHO criteria) by 30 days. Secondary outcomes included clinical bleeding (grade 2-4), overall mortality, median number of platelet and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Pre-defined exploratory subgroup analysis was performed. Logistic regression, Cox regression, and linear regression models without adjustment were generated for outcomes where a P value of < 0.05 was considered significant (Stata 14.1). Results: Among 1,631 patients who underwent first autologous HCT between 2006 and 2015, 204 patients developed VTE (12.5%) in the year preceding transplant. The median duration of thrombocytopenia, defined as the period during which the platelet < 50k, was 12 days. The median follow-up period was 359 days and only 4% of patients were lost to follow up prior to 30 days. In addition to routine clinical assessment for VTE and bleeding, repeat imaging surveillance was done in 55% of patients prior to discharge from the transplant service. Except for the timing of prior VTE occurrence, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the cohort that continued anticoagulation (N=132) and the cohort that discontinued anticoagulation (N=72) (Table 1). There were no significant differences in the rate of VTE extension/recurrence or major bleeding between the treatment groups by 30 days (Table 2). The rates of VTE in both groups were low (1 new pulmonary embolism and 2 new catheter-associated thromboses). There was 1 fatal spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding (grade 4) in the cohort that continued anticoagulation. The number of platelet transfusions was significantly higher in the patients who continued anticoagulation. Further comparison of the 2 cohorts by different subgroups did not reveal significant interactions (Figure 1, all interaction P values > 0.300). Conclusions: In patients undergoing HCT for hematologic malignancy who also have VTE, continuation of anticoagulation (compared to temporary cessation) during chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with increased platelet utilization but no significant difference in the rate of VTE extension/recurrence. The low rate of recurrent thrombosis among patients who discontinued anticoagulation during pre-engraftment thrombocytopenia suggests that temporary interruption of anticoagulation may be the better option for selected patients who face this difficult clinical situation. Disclosures Gopal: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Garcia:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Tabibkhooei, Alireza, Maziar Azar, Siamak Alizadeh, and Asghar Aslaninia. "Effects of Temporary Clips on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Anterior Circulation of Brain Aneurysm Surgery Among Rasul Akram Hospital Patients During 2017-2018." Iranian Journal of Neurosurgery 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irjns.6.4.3.
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Background and Aim: Cerebrovascular brain incidents especially brain aneurysm ruptures are a major cause of death and disability. Monitoring Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) and corresponding changes are used for identifying cerebral ischemia and predicting neuronal injuries during using temporary clips in brain aneurysm surgeries. This approach limits integrated performance evaluation for somatosensory and cortex paths. Methods and Materials/Patients: This clinical trial study was conducted on the patients who were candidate for anterior cerebral circulation aneurysm surgery during 2017-2018 in Rasul Akram Hospital. SSEP monitoring was performed related to the median nerve in the contralateral wrist to examine the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and posterior tibialis nerve in the contralateral ankle to examine Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) during the surgery procedure. Incentive parameters with a power of 5 to 25 milliampere and corresponding duration of 0.2 milliseconds and waves with a frequency of 3.3 Hertz were registered. Before locating temporary clips, SSEP was extracted as a baseline from every patient and then recorded. Results: Totally 9 patients (9 aneurysms) were studied. Three of them were men and 6 patients women. The age of patients ranged 39-78 years. The clinical status of patients was assessed using the Hunt-Hess scale. Five cases were classified as grade 1, 2 cases as grade 2, and 2 cases as grade 3. Among 9 aneurysms, 7 cases were about A.com artery and 2 cases were in connection with MCA artery, having the size of 5 to 11 millimeters. Friedman test was applied to explore average latency change percentage and amplitude change percentage in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd minutes for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd clips where the results were significantly different (P=0.050). Conclusion: Neuromonitoring can be used as an index for examining tissue perfusion level of the brain and help to prevent accidental ischemic injuries of the brain followed by temporary clipping.
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Mazur, B. M. "Strawberry yield when using temporary shelter for plants." Plant and Soil Science 11, no. 3 (2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/agr2020.03.115.
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The influence of a temporary shelter for plants of strawberry ‘Klerі’ was investigated. It was found that the use of black mulch film on the ridges accelerates the passage of phenological phases. Covering strawberry plants with film and white agrofibre allows you to get ripe berries 10-14 days earlier than with conventional cultivation. Studies have shown that the shelter of strawberry plants with agrofibre and film in the autumn allows plantings to better establish generative organs. Shelter with these materials protects the plants from spring frost during flowering and from rains during the ripening period. Temporary shelter of strawberry plants has a positive effect on the yield and marketability of strawberries and the economic efficiency as a result. So, for strawberries ‘Kleri’, the best option is tunnel cover with a film in the technology on ridges. This possible to obtain a yield 37.9 t/ha with 71% of the first grade berries. The use of agrofibre in the technology on the ridges possible to obtain a yield of 29.5 t/ha with 65% of the first grade berries.
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Han, S. C., C. Jekeli, and C. K. Shum. "Static and temporal gravity field recovery using grace potential difference observables." Advances in Geosciences 1 (June 17, 2003): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-1-19-2003.
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Abstract. The gravity field dedicated satellite missions like CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE are supposed to map the Earth’s global gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. New models of Earth’s static and time-variable gravity field will be available every month as one of the science products from GRACE. Here we present an alternative method to estimate the gravity field efficiently using the in situ satellite-to-satellite observations at the altitude and show results on static as well as temporal gravity field recovery. Considering the energy relation between the kinetic energy of the satellite and the gravitational potential, the disturbing potential difference observations can be computed from the orbital parameter vectors in the inertial frame, using the high-low GPS-LEO GPS tracking data, the low-low satelliteto- satellite GRACE measurements, and data from 3-axis accelerometers (Jekeli, 1999). The disturbing potential observation also includes other potentials due to tides, atmosphere, other modeled signals (e.g. N-body) and the geophysical fluid signals (hydrological and oceanic mass variations), which should be recoverable from GRACE mission with a monthly resolution. The simulation results confirm that monthly geoid accuracy is expected to be a few cm with the 160 km resolution (up to degree and order 120) once other corrections are made accurately. The time-variable geoids (ocean and ground water mass) might be recovered with a noise-to-signal ratio of 0.1 with the resolution of 800 km every month assuming no temporal aliasing.Key words. GRACE mission, Energy integral, Geopotential, Satellite-to-satellite tracking, Temporal gravity field
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Abd-Elmotaal, Hussein A. "An alternative approach to generate temporal geopotential models similar to GRACE." Survey Review 52, no. 374 (July 2, 2019): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2019.1633827.
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Han, Shin-Chan, C. K. Shum, Christopher Jekeli, Chung-Yen Kuo, Clark Wilson, and Ki-Weon Seo. "Non-isotropic filtering of GRACE temporal gravity for geophysical signal enhancement." Geophysical Journal International 163, no. 1 (October 2005): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02756.x.
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González Sánchez, AJ, A. Titos García, I. Cabrera Serna, JM Aranda Narváez, L. Romacho López, M. Pitarch Martínez, M. Neuhaus Nevado, and J. Santoyo Santoyo. "Current situation of the temporary abdominal closure." Cirugía Andaluza 30, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37351/2019301.15.
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Resumen El cierre de abdomen temporal constituye el paso final de la cirugía de control de daños tanto en pacientes politraumatizados como en sepsis abdominal grave. Además, es el tratamiento de elección en el Síndrome Compartimental Abdominal y su uso es cada vez más aceptado en en otras situaciones como en el primer paso del tratamiento quirúrgico del accidente vascular mesentérico o cuando se desea demorar una anastomosis. En el momento actual se considera que la aplicación de terapias de presión negativas es de elección, pero es una situación que no está exenta de complicaciones, principalmente la hernia ventral gigante y la fístula entero-atmosférica. Ambas pueden disminuirse con un adecuado manejo y cierre precoz abdominal. Presentamos las indicaciones actuales, las recomendaciones de manejo y las complicaciones inherentes al procedimiento, así como un pequeño resumen de nuestra experiencia con esta técnica.
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Dahal, Kishor C., Surya P. Bhattarai, David J. Midmore, David R. Oag, and Kerry B. Walsh. "Temporal yield variability in subtropical table grape production." Scientia Horticulturae 246 (February 2019): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.063.
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Shahzadi, Sohrab, Parisa Azimi, and Khosrow Parsa. "Long-Term Results of stereotactic Brachytherapy (Temporary 125Iodine Seeds) for the Treatment of Low-Grade Astrocytoma (Grade II)." Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2013): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.4322.
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Beltrán, Víctor, Benjamín Weber, Ricardo Lillo, María-Cristina Manzanares, Cristina Sanzana, Nicolás Fuentes, Pablo Acuña-Mardones, and Ivan Valdivia-Gandur. "Histomorphometric Analysis of Osseointegrated Grade V Titanium Mini Transitional Implants in Edentulous Mandible by Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy (BS-SEM)." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010002.
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The purpose of this study is to assess the use of grade V titanium mini transitional implants (MTIs) immediately loaded by a temporary overdenture. For this, a histomorphometric analysis of the bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) was performed by backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BS-SEM). Four female patients were submitted to surgery in which two MTIs were installed and immediately loaded with a temporary acrylic prosthesis. During the same surgery, two regular diameter implants were placed inside the bone and maintained without mechanical load. After 8 months, the MTIs were extracted using a trephine and processed for ultrastructural bone analysis by BS-SEM, and the regular-diameter implants were loaded with an overdenture device. A total of 243 BAFOs of MTIs were analyzed, of which 94 were mainly filled with cortical bone, while 149 were mainly filled with trabecular bone. Bone tissue analysis considering the total BAFOs with calcified tissues showed 72.13% lamellar bone, 26.04% woven bone, and 1.82% chondroid bone without significant differences between the samples. This study revealed that grade V titanium used in immediately loaded MTI was successfully osseointegrated by a mature and vascularized bone tissue as assessed from the BAFO.
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Freeman, J. G., K. Matthewson, and C. O. Record. "Plasmapheresis in Acute Liver Failure." International Journal of Artificial Organs 9, no. 6 (November 1986): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888600900614.
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A series of 9 patients with acute hepatic failure and Grade IV hepatic coma received daily plasmapheresis until they recovered or death ensued. Of the nine, seven (77%) showed an improvement in coma grade and five (55%) survived to leave hospital. Plasmapheresis significantly decreased serum bilirubin, asparate aminotransferase and plasma ammonia concentrations. Survival following plasmapheresis appeared substantially better than in a non randomized group of similar patients not plasmapheresed. The simplicity of the procedure, biochemical improvements observed and apparent efficacy, suggest that further evaluation of the technique as a means of providing temporary hepatic support is indicated.
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Abelman, Robert, and Anthony Molina. "Style Over Substance Reconsidered: Intrusive Intervention and At-Risk Students with Learning Disabilities." NACADA Journal 22, no. 2 (September 1, 2002): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/0271-9517-22.2.66.
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In two recent publications, we reported that the academic intervention process, not the specific intervention content, was responsible for a short-and long-term influx in at-risk student performance (grade-point average) and persistence (retention). All at-risk students who participated in the most intrusive of three interventions had higher cumulative grade-point averages and retention rates than those who received less intrusive interventions. In this post hoc analysis, we looked at probationary students with learning disabilities and found that they are only responsive to the individual attention and personalized accommodation provided under a highly intrusive model, and the impact is temporary.
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Yu, Biao, Wei You, Dong-Ming Fan, Yong Su, and Zemede M. Nigatu. "A comparison of GRACE temporal gravity field models recovered with different processing details." Geophysical Journal International 227, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 1392–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab279.
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SUMMARY The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has been providing abundant information regarding the mass changes of the Earth in terms of time-series of temporal gravity field models since 2002. To derive temporal gravity field models with high accuracy, many methods have been developed. In this paper, we focus on the variational equation integration approach. The main works can be summarized as follows: (1) analysing the quality of GRACE Level1B RL02 and RL03 data, including accelerometer observations (ACC1B), star camera measurements (SCA1B) and K-Band low-low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) range-rate (KBRR) data (KBR1B); (2) discussing the influence of arc-specific parameters and arc length on gravity field recovery and (3) comparing two different methods used for sensitivity matrix generation, namely, a numerical integration method and the method of variation of constants, from the perspectives of accuracy and efficiency, respectively. Based on these analyses, discussions and comparisons, a new time-series of GRACE monthly gravity field models in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients completed to degree and order 60, called SWJTU-GRACE-RL02p, was derived by using the modified variational equation integration approach bashed on GRACE Level1B RL03 data, covering the period from April 2002 to October 2011 with some gaps in between due to poor quality or missing GRACE data. Thus we are looking at the results some 10yrs in the past. The differences between the traditional variational equation integration approach and the approach that we used are mainly as follows: (1) according to the GRACE data quality, the arc length is no longer a constant in the determination of temporal gravity field models; (2) the kinematic empirical parameters, which are mainly designed to remove the bias and drifts in KBRR residuals, are abandoned and (3) the method of variation of constants developed at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) and used to solve the system of variational equations associated with constrained pulses and piecewise constant accelerations is used to calculate the sensitivity matrices of accelerometer bias parameters to improve the calculation efficiency and ensure the calculation accuracy. To validate the quality of SWJTU-GRACE-RL02p, these models were compared with the old models of SWJTU-GRACE-RL01, which have been published by the website of the International Centre for Global Earth Models (http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/series), and the official products [i.e. the RL05 and RL06 versions of GRACE LEVEL2 at the Centre for Space Research (CSR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ)]. Compared to the RL06 version of official models, the models of SWJTU-GRACE-RL02p present competitive performance for global mass changes. Furthermore, these models show less noise and a higher signal strength over some local areas with large mass changes than the models of SWJTU-GRACE-RL01. The comparisons between SWJTU-GRACE-RL02p and a variety of other models including official models, GLDAS, models provided by EGSIEM and daily solutions released by ITSG indicate that our approach and the data processing details presented in this paper provide an alternative strategy for the recovery of temporal gravity field models from GRACE-type data.
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Folarin, Bamidele Adepeju. "Comparison of Patterns of Word Association among Three Grades of Nigerian School Children." Psychological Reports 64, no. 3 (June 1989): 773–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3.773.
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79 Nigerian primary school children in Grades 1, 3, and 6 associated to 48 categorizable Yoruba nouns which were randomly presented. They all significantly produced more paradigmatic than syntagmatic responses. Grade 6 gave the most superordinate, temporally, spatially, and functionally related responses. Grade 3 produced the most connotative responses, and Grade 1 emitted the most descriptive responses.
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Ali, Shoaib, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema, Quoc Bao Pham, Md Mafuzur Rahaman, Thanh Duc Dang, and Duong Tran Anh. "Improving the Resolution of GRACE Data for Spatio-Temporal Groundwater Storage Assessment." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 3513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173513.
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Groundwater has a significant contribution to water storage and is considered to be one of the sources for agricultural irrigation; industrial; and domestic water use. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite provides a unique opportunity to evaluate terrestrial water storage (TWS) and groundwater storage (GWS) at a large spatial scale. However; the coarse resolution of GRACE limits its ability to investigate the water storage change at a small scale. It is; therefore; needed to improve the resolution of GRACE data at a spatial scale applicable for regional-level studies. In this study; a machine-learning-based downscaling random forest model (RFM) and artificial neural network (ANN) model were developed to downscale GRACE data (TWS and GWS) from 1° to a higher resolution (0.25°). The spatial maps of downscaled TWS and GWS were generated over the Indus basin irrigation system (IBIS). Variations in TWS of GRACE in combination with geospatial variables; including digital elevation model (DEM), slope; aspect; and hydrological variables; including soil moisture; evapotranspiration; rainfall; surface runoff; canopy water; and temperature; were used. The geospatial and hydrological variables could potentially contribute to; or correlate with; GRACE TWS. The RFM outperformed the ANN model and results show Pearson correlation coefficient (R) (0.97), root mean square error (RMSE) (11.83 mm), mean absolute error (MAE) (7.71 mm), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) (0.94) while comparing with the training dataset from 2003 to 2016. These results indicate the suitability of RFM to downscale GRACE data at a regional scale. The downscaled GWS data were analyzed; and we observed that the region has lost GWS of about −9.54 ± 1.27 km3 at the rate of −0.68 ± 0.09 km3/year from 2003 to 2016. The validation results showed that R between downscaled GWS and observational wells GWS are 0.67 and 0.77 at seasonal and annual scales with a confidence level of 95%, respectively. It can; therefore; be concluded that the RFM has the potential to downscale GRACE data at a spatial scale suitable to predict GWS at regional scales.
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Matthews, Leroy, and Julie Hunt. "Role of Temporal Contiguity in Subjective Prediction." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3 (December 1985): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3.793.
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46 subjects were presented with 25 pairs of grades representing students' performance over the last two semesters. One group was asked to predict the grade for the following semester and another group was asked to predict the grade which occurred preceding the last two semesters. A linear model applied to the data indicated that both groups of subjects weighted the temporally contiguous grade more heavily than the other grade.
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Bartlett, Seamus, Tavarekere Nagaraja, Lonni Schultz, James Ewing, Stephen Brown, Robert Knight, and Ian Lee. "SURG-19. EVALUATION OF SERUM NEURON SPECIFIC ENOLASE, INTERFERON-ALPHA, AND INTERFERON-GAMMA IN RESPONSE TO LASER ABLATION OF HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.866.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable obstacle in the treatment of gliomas. It has been speculated that the BBB may be temporarily disrupted in laser ablation, a relatively new treatment used for newly diagnosed and recurrent high grade gliomas (HGG). BBB disruption can be measured non-invasively through serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) levels. In addition to disrupting the BBB, laser ablation could trigger an immune response in brain that has yet to be studied. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) are cytokines used as serum markers for an immune response. OBJECTIVE To measure NSE and IFN-α and IFN-ɣ as serum markers for BBB disruption and brain immune response activation, respectively, in patients undergoing laser ablation for recurrent high grade gliomas. METHODS Sixteen patients with recurrent HGG underwent laser ablation from 2/2017 to 12/2019. All 16 patients had gross total ablation of the contrast enhancing mass. Serum levels of NSE, IFN-α, IFN-ɣ were measured pre-operatively and at 24 hours, 2 weeks, and 8-16 weeks post-operatively, depending on adjuvant treatment received post-operatively. RESULTS Levels of NSE consistently increased 24 hours post-operatively (2.28±0.37 ng/ml) compared to pre-operative levels (1.62±0.29 ng/ml), p=0.032. Afterwards, NSE decreased and reached baseline by 2 weeks postoperatively (2 weeks- 1.67±0.29 ng/ml, 8 weeks- 1.85±0.91 ng/ml, 12 weeks- 0.81±0.33 ng/ml, 16 weeks- 1.23±0.93 ng/ml). Compared to their pre-operative levels, IFN-α and IFN-ɣ (85.46±35.29 and 1.62±0.47 pg/ml, respectively) did not display a significant difference in their serum levels (p=0.26-0.72 and 0.14-0.60, respectively, for IFN-α and IFN-ɣ) at any post-operative measurement time. Conclusions: Elevated NSE levels following laser ablation in HGG indicate a temporary disruption of the BBB that persists for approximately 2 weeks without eliciting an accompanying immune reaction in brain. Correlation studies with DCE-MRI are on-going.
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Groń, Ryszard. "Mistyczne implikacje doktryny o miłości Aelreda z Rievaulx." Vox Patrum 55 (July 15, 2010): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4336.
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Bernard of Clairvaux, ordering the young Aelred to write a treatise on charity, recognized that he was no ordinary theologian. The work of De speculo caritatis confirmed this belief and demonstrated theological competencies of the Abbot of Rievaulx which placed him among the constructors of the Cistercian school of charity. His insightful analyses attest to his in-depth familiarity with the progress of God’s love penetrating the human heart. It certainly goes beyond the knowledge derived from the Augustinian theology, propagated in the monasteries at that time, traces of which are visible throughout his work. It is also the effect of his formative training with the novice monks during his years of being the Novice Master. Possibly, it is also influenced by his very own experience of God, reaching the levels of mystical closeness to God. All these components, void of the structure of the work subjected to the purpose outlined by St. Bernard, yielded quite a coherent doctrine on charity, from which logically follow mystical implications, i.e. the experience of God Himself. There is a summary and a few conclusions from these contemplations. 1. Alread does not explicitly talk about the human condition of viatoris much emphasized by contemporary theology, but he understands the man’s feeling of being lost without God and it is in Him that the Abbot sees completeness of human existence. Following the Augustinian conviction, he implies that nothing and nobody can give the man absolute happiness, except for God; this is why he will not cease seeking in his heart, his deepest actions of his spiritual powers, until he rests in God’s essence, truth and goodness. This is what the Abbot calls the eternal sabbath of God, which by itself is the internal life of the Holy Trinity, yet on the outside, it appears as the purpose of perfection for all creation. The man, naturally, has this divine sabbath etched deeply in his heart, since this is the disposition he received from his Creator, being made of His image (having spiritual faculties of God) and likeness (operations of these faculties drawing to God). 2. Love is the rule according to which the world exists and operates, and the man has an important role to play in it, due to his memory, conscience and freedom, whose operations liken him to God. Thanks to them, he can not only decipher the loving intentions of the Creator, but respond to them in a loving collaboration, which leads him to a happy union with God. This collaboration could not have been shattered even by the sin, redeemed through Christ’s blood, which became the beginning of a new loving proposition made by God and now available in the sacrament of faith and practice of caritas. Certainly, on the part of the man, this collaboration is now more difficult, since the sin weakened his spiritual powers, which in their forgetfulness, error and foolishness lean toward the objects of this world through physical desire. Human love, willing to return to its original form of collaboration with God, must now be ascetic in its character, expressed as mortifications, denials and sacrifices. Aelred calls it, „circumcision of the inner and the outer man”. 3. The circumcision stands for the internal work that the man must do to root the vices out of his heart and install virtues in their place. It is a slow process of spiritual comeback to God, which lasts throughout the entire life of a man and culminates in the eternal sabbath of God. At the same time, it is the time of receiving graceful love, continually supported and animated by God. It is a process of spiritual internalization, i.e. further and further departure from the exterior and physical objects so as to concentrate more and more on the internal and spiritual object of God’s presence in the deepest layers of the human heart, where the full union with God takes place. This union begins with the sacrament of faith received at baptism. Aelred only briefly mentions the mystery of God inhabiting (taking residence in) the human soul, which takes part with God’s grace poured out by the Holy Spirit, but he concentrates more on the idea of the sabbath, the rest, which makes possible participation in the life of God. 4. Aelred and the whole Cistercian school knew that the process of internalizing proceeds according to human nature; this is why he first mentions the basic grace of the humanity of Jesus Christ. The idea was to provide the man, through Jesus Christ, with physical and pious stimuli to make him fall in love with God’s charity and engage his feelings and senses so as to free him of his physical desires and direct his will toward the spiritual love. It is done through the practice of meditating the humanity, contemplating the Scriptures, especially the events from the life of Jesus Christ and his followers. Later on, special types of grace start to appear: compunction (compunctio), or the so called, God’s visits (spiritalis uisitationes), which depending on the stage of spiritual advancement in a man are designed to either awaken those who are asleep, i.e. numb, or console those who are saddened on their way, and lastly, to reward and sustain those who yearn for heavenly goods. Actually, Aelred distinguishes three moments within the long process of God’s intervention into the human soul, reflected in three stages of spiritual life: fear of the beginners, purification of the advanced and love of the accomplished. 5. This is where we can see most of the mystical repercussions of his teaching on charity. The initial visits make room for the next ones, and once their mission of inciting to greater love is complete they face the various trials and undertake, in the name of God, a number of mortifications, followed by practice of virtues. These, in turn, lead to even greater love. For example, the Abbot describes pouring of God’s grace into the human soul through basting in the glory and wisdom of God, so that the soul is lost in love and desires to become united with God in eternity. These are but special graces of God affecting human feelings; however they are not the unity with God, although they appear to be its powerful manifestations. It is only through engaging the will, which combines the functions of the other spiritual powers, that the unity with God’s will is accomplished, signs of that is the willingness of the soul to undertake mortifications and sacrifices for God. Then, it is not a surprise that „the yoke of Christ is sweet and the burden is light”. 6. The union of soul with God is truly about aligning the will (love) of the man with will (love) of God Himself, i.e. being directed by His Spirit and allowing to be transformed by His Divine caritas. It is possible, because caritas, like any human love, weaves into the human psychological structure, marking three distinct stages: choice (predilection), growth (action and desire) and fruits (attaining the object). Within the right choice Aelred distinguishes three types of love: of God, neighbor and oneself, although all of them lead to God, as their source. The Abbot pictured this in the idea of three sabbaths, complementing at the same time the concept of the eternal sabbath. The decisive moment of love is its movement, its growth: actions and desires, which make the man constantly prone and open to God, to unite with Him (rest in Him) finally in the eternal sabbath. 7. Alread makes a longer stop here to discuss the role of affections (affectus, passiones), which influence the actions of will. Besides reason, they are the cause of love’s movement. Their role is indispensable, because they lend inciting sweetness to a mystical encounter with God and stimulate to greater love. By themselves, however, they can be deceitful, when they are not subjected to the will. This is why he proposes to move not through the affections, but according to them, so that they are guided by the will. This is especially true in the case of love of neighbor. The general rule then is that neighbors would rejoice together in God and that each one would rejoice God in each other. Against this background, the Abbot promotes the spiritual affects received from God, rational ones encouraging developing virtues, official ones inducing to love a person, natural ones telling to love one’s friends and foes. He also permits physical affects, attracting with their outer appearance, as long as they do not lead to a vice. 8. The growing love finds its outlet in the fruits, which constitute the third and last component of the internal structure of love operating within the man. It is about rejoicing in the object attained, resting for spiritual powers on an object, which one desired in one’s love. Aelred considers temporary and eternal fruits. The latter refers to the ultimate union with God in heaven, after death, which is the rest in the eternal sabbath of God. We can taste it here on earth to ease human frailty, through contemplation and the sweetness of special graces of God. The former, on the other hand, appreciates the role of others (parents, teachers, instructors, friends) in acquiring the true wisdom of life; we use all of them to sweeten our lives and delight our spirit. Particularly helpful here is a friend, if there is one, who through spiritual friendship can share in our joys and sorrows, as well as the most intimate desires of the soul, so that they merge into unity in spirit. Two years ago, during the Cistercian Studies Conference at the 43rd International Medieval Studies Congress in Kalamazoo, Mi, a discussion was started as to the mystical competencies of Aelred of Rievaulx and his possible mystical predispositions. Our contemplations can cast some more light on this issue.
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Irawati, Iir, Eko Yuli Handoko, and Ira M. Anjasmara. "Studi Variasi Temporal Distribusi Massa Air Menggunakan Data Water Thickness Satelit Grace." Geoid 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j24423998.v3i2.1200.
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Heller, Betty, Frank Siegismund, Roland Pail, Thomas Gruber, and Roger Haagmans. "Temporal Gravity Signals in Reprocessed GOCE Gravitational Gradients." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213483.
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The reprocessing of the satellite gravitational gradiometry (SGG) data from the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission in 2018/2019 considerably reduced the low-frequency noise in the data, leading to reduced noise amplitudes in derived gravity field models at large spatial scales, at which temporal variations of the Earth’s gravity field have their highest amplitudes. This is the motivation to test the reprocessed GOCE SGG data for their ability to resolve time-variable gravity signals. For the gravity field processing, we apply and compare a spherical harmonics (SH) approach and a mass concentration (mascon) approach. Although their global signal-to-noise ratio is <1, SH GOCE SGG-only models resolve the strong regional signals of glacier melting in Greenland and Antarctica, and the 2011 moment magnitude 9.0 earthquake in Japan, providing an estimation of gravity variations independent of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data. The benefit of combined GRACE/GOCE SGG models is evaluated based on the ice mass trend signals in Greenland and Antarctica. While no signal contribution from GOCE SGG data additional to the GRACE models could be observed, we show that the incorporation of GOCE SGG data numerically stabilizes the related normal equation systems.
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Akgun, Mehmet Yigit, Semih Can Cetintas, Rahsan Kemerdere, Seher Naz Yeni, and Taner Tanriverdi. "Are low-grade gliomas of mesial temporal area alone?" Surgical Neurology International 10 (August 30, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_332_2019.
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Background: Temporal neocortex which appears normal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may have pathological tissues in low-grade gliomas (LGG) of pure mesial temporal area. Resection of the cortex may be required together with mesial temporal glioma for satisfactory seizure and oncological outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of any pathological tissue on the temporal cortex that appeared normal on preoperative MRI in patients with pure mesial temporal LGGs. Methods: This prospective study included 10 patients who underwent surgical resection of temporal lobe for LGG of mesial temporal area. The temporal neocortex with normal appearance on MRI and mesial temporal area were resected separately, and histopathological diagnosis was performed. Results: LGGs of the mesial temporal area were diagnosed with glioneuronal tumors in 7 (70%) and low-grade astrocytoma in 2 (20%) patients. Regarding the temporal cortex, gliosis and focal cortical dysplasia were found in 7 (70%) and 2 (20%) patients. In one patient temporal cortex did not contain any pathological tissue. All were seizure-free and no tumor recurrence was noted at the last follow-up. Conclusion: Mesial temporal LGGs are not alone and a high proportion of temporal neocortex appeared normal on preoperative MRI, may contain dual pathology. Thus, anterior temporal resection should be performed to have satisfactory seizure and oncological outcomes.
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Hendricks, Benjamin K., and Robert F. Spetzler. "Grade 4 Temporal Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video." Operative Neurosurgery 18, no. 2 (November 23, 2019): E36—E37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz369.
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Abstract The 2% to 4% annual rupture rate for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) must be weighed against the risk of intervention during surgery within an eloquent brain region. Following a hemorrhage event, AVMs that were initially considered to be nonoperative or unfavorable for surgical resection can be intervened on to avoid the significantly elevated risk of rehemorrhage. This patient had a dominant temporal lobe Spetzler–Martin grade 4 AVM with deep venous drainage, representing a significant surgical challenge. The arachnoid plane microdissection was performed using microscissors but was tenuous, and it was necessary to define the draining vein and adjacent feeding arteries. This video demonstrates the major principles of AVM resection during the circumdissection and disconnection of the nidus. The postoperative angiography demonstrated complete resection. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
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Costantini, M., F. Scarpina, D. Migliorati, A. Mauro, and P. Marzullo. "Altered multisensory temporal binding window in low-grade inflammation." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 49 (October 2015): e47-e48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.176.
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Tahmasebi, Siyamak, Saman Mafakheri Bashmaq, Mansoureh Karimzadeh, Robab Teymouri, Mahdi Amini, Maryam vaghefi, and M. Mazaheri. "Relationship among temporary separation, attachment styles, and adjustment in first-grade Iranian children." Psychology Research and Behavior Management Volume 9 (December 2016): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s109875.
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Yang, Xinchun, Siyuan Tian, Wei Feng, Jiangjun Ran, Wei You, Zhongshan Jiang, and Xiaoying Gong. "Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of Water Storage Trends from Hydrological Models over Australia Using GRACE Mascon Solutions." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213578.
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The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data have been extensively used to evaluate the total terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) from hydrological models. However, which individual water storage components (i.e., soil moisture storage anomalies (SMSA) or groundwater water storage anomalies (GWSA)) cause the discrepancies in TWSA between GRACE and hydrological models have not been thoroughly investigated or quantified. In this study, we applied GRACE mass concentration block (mascon) solutions to evaluate the spatio-temporal TWSA trends (2003–2014) from seven prevailing hydrological models (i.e., Noah-3.6, Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM-F2.5), Variable Infiltration Capacity macroscale model (VIC-4.1.2), Water—Global Assessment and Prognosis (WaterGAP-2.2d), PCRaster Global Water Balance (PCR-GLOBWB-2), Community Land Model (CLM-4.5), and Australian Water Resources Assessment Landscape model (AWRA-L v6)) in Australia and, more importantly, identified which individual water storage components lead to the differences in TWSA trends between GRACE and hydrological models. The results showed that all of the hydrological models employed in this study, except for CLM-4.5 model, underestimated the GRACE-derived TWSA trends. These underestimations can be divided into three categories: (1) ignoring GWSA, e.g., Noah-3.6 and VIC-4.1.2 models; (2) underrating both SMSA and GWSA, e.g., CLSM-F2.5, WaterGAP-2.2d, and PCR-GLOBWB-2 models; (3) deficiently modeling GWSA, e.g., AWRA-L v6 model. In comparison, CLM-4.5 model yielded the best agreement with GRACE but overstated the GRACE-derived TWSA trends due to the overestimation of GWSA. Our results underscore that GRACE mascon solutions can be used as a valuable and efficient validation dataset to evaluate the spatio-temporal performance of hydrological models. Confirming which individual water storage components result in the discrepancies in TWSA between GRACE and hydrological models can better assist in further hydrological model development.
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Chen, Mark, Eric S. Xu, Nathan H. Leisenring, Diana M. Cardona, Lixia Luo, Yan Ma, Andrea Ventura, and David G. Kirsch. "The Fusion Oncogene FUS-CHOP Drives Sarcomagenesis of High-Grade Spindle Cell Sarcomas in Mice." Sarcoma 2019 (July 25, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1340261.
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Myxoid liposarcoma is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma characterized by a pathognomonic t(12;16)(q13;p11) translocation that produces a fusion oncoprotein, FUS-CHOP. This cancer is remarkably sensitive to radiotherapy and exhibits a unique pattern of extrapulmonary metastasis. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a spatially and temporally restricted mouse model of sarcoma driven by FUS-CHOP. Using different Cre drivers in the adipocyte lineage, we initiated in vivo tumorigenesis by expressing FUS-CHOP in Prrx1+ mesenchymal progenitor cells. In contrast, expression of FUS-CHOP in more differentiated cells does not form tumors in vivo, and early expression of the oncoprotein during embryogenesis is lethal. We also employ in vivo electroporation and CRISPR technology to rapidly generate spatially and temporally restricted mouse models of high-grade FUS-CHOP-driven sarcomas for preclinical studies.
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Fasullo, J. T., D. M. Lawrence, and S. C. Swenson. "Are GRACE-era Terrestrial Water Trends Driven by Anthropogenic Climate Change?" Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4830603.
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To provide context for observed trends in terrestrial water storage (TWS) during GRACE (2003–2014), trends and variability in the CESM1-CAM5 Large Ensemble (LE) are examined. Motivated in part by the anomalous nature of climate variability during GRACE, the characteristics of both forced change and internal modes are quantified and their influences on observations are estimated. Trends during the GRACE era in the LE are dominated by internal variability rather than by the forced response, with TWS anomalies in much of the Americas, eastern Australia, Africa, and southwestern Eurasia largely attributable to the negative phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). While similarities between observed trends and the model-inferred forced response also exist, it is inappropriate to attribute such trends mainly to anthropogenic forcing. For several key river basins, trends in the mean state and interannual variability and the time at which the forced response exceeds background variability are also estimated while aspects of global mean TWS, including changes in its annual amplitude and decadal trends, are quantified. The findings highlight the challenge of detecting anthropogenic climate change in temporally finite satellite datasets and underscore the benefit of utilizing models in the interpretation of the observed record.
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Kreth, Friedrich W., Michael Faist, Peter C. Warnke, Reinhard Roβner, Benedikt Volk, and Christoph B. Ostertag. "Interstitial radiosurgery of low-grade gliomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 82, no. 3 (March 1995): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.82.3.0418.
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✓ The treatment of patients with low-grade gliomas remains a subject of controversy, especially with respect to new treatment modalities such as interstitial radiosurgery (brachytherapy), radiosurgery, and stereotactic radiotherapy. In a retrospective analysis conducted between 1979 and 1991, the authors studied the results of interstitial radiosurgery in 455 patients with low-grade gliomas (World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I + WHO Grade II) with regard to survival time, quality of life, the risk of malignant transformation, and the risk profile of the treatment concept. Interstitial radiosurgery with iodine-125 was performed using permanent (1979–1985) or temporary implants (after 1985) with low-dose rates (≤ 10 cGy/hr) and a reference dose of 60 to 100 Gy calculated to the outer rim of the tumor. The 5- and 10-year survival rates in patients with pilocytic astrocytomas (97 patients) were 84.9% and 83%, and in patients with WHO Grade II astrocytomas (250 patients) 61% and 51%, respectively. Five-year survival rates for patients with oligoastrocytomas (60 patients), oligodendrogliomas (27 patients), and gemistocytic astrocytomas (21 patients) were 49%, 50%, and 32%, respectively. In the group with WHO Grade II gliomas, young age and a good performance status were associated with a better prognosis. Unfavorable factors were midline shift, enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) scan, and tumor recurrence after previous radiotherapy or surgery. Tumor location had no influence on the prognosis (247 patients in this series had deep-seated tumors). Malignant transformation was the major cause of death. Important risk factors for malignancy were the patient's age, tumor enhancement in CT scan, and tumor recurrence after previous surgery or radiotherapy. Perioperative mortality was 0.9% and perioperative morbidity was 1.7%. Radiogenic complications were observed in 2.7% of all patients, most often in larger tumors and after using permanent implants. The authors conclude that interstitial radiosurgery represents a specific treatment modality for selected patients with unifocal circumscribed low-grade gliomas with a diameter of less than 4 cm in any location. The efficacy of this treatment lies in the same range as the best results after surgery and radiotherapy.
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Rowlands, D. D., S. B. Luthcke, S. M. Klosko, F. G. R. Lemoine, D. S. Chinn, J. J. McCarthy, C. M. Cox, and O. B. Anderson. "Resolving mass flux at high spatial and temporal resolution using GRACE intersatellite measurements." Geophysical Research Letters 32, no. 4 (February 2005): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004gl021908.
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Thompson, P. F., S. V. Bettadpur, and B. D. Tapley. "Impact of short period, non-tidal, temporal mass variability on GRACE gravity estimates." Geophysical Research Letters 31, no. 6 (March 2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003gl019285.
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Duan, X. J., J. Y. Guo, C. K. Shum, and W. van der Wal. "On the postprocessing removal of correlated errors in GRACE temporal gravity field solutions." Journal of Geodesy 83, no. 11 (June 17, 2009): 1095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-009-0327-0.
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Del Lhano, Nathalia Calzavara, Rosangela Almeida Ribeiro, Carolina Castro Martins, Neuza Maria Souza Picorelli Assis, and Karina Lopes Devito. "Panoramic versus CBCT used to reduce inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia after third molar extractions: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 4 (May 1, 2020): 20190265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190265.
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Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to verify whether CBCT in comparison with panoramic radiography reduced the cases of temporary paresthesias of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) associated with third molar extractions. Methods: The literature search included five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, SciELO), in addition to gray literature and hand search of reference list of included studies. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts, and full texts according to eligibility criteria, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias through Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2.0). Data were meta-analyzed by comparing CBCT versus panoramic radiographs for number of events (temporary paresthesia after third molar surgery). Fixed effect model was used for non-significant heterogeneity; relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were calculated. The certainty of evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in meta-analysis, and for the majority of domains they presented low risk of bias. RR was 1.23 (95% IC: 0.75–2.02; I2: 0%; p = 0.43) favouring panoramic radiography, but without significant effect, and with moderate certainty of evidence. Conclusions: We concluded that both interventions had a similar ability to reduce temporary paresthesia of the IAN after third molar surgery with moderate certainty of evidence.