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Journal articles on the topic 'Temporary Migrant Labour'
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1
Tierney, Robert. "Inter‐ethnic and labour‐community coalitions in class struggle in Taiwan since the advent of temporary immigration." Journal of Organizational Change Management 21, no. 4 (July 4, 2008): 482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09534810810884876.
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PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the class dimensions of racism in Taiwan against temporary migrant workers and migrants' efforts to build inter‐ethnic and labour‐community coalitions in struggle against racism.Design/methodology/approachAn important source of data for this study were the unstructured interview. Between September 2000 and December 2005, more than 50 temporary migrants and their support groups in Taiwan were interviewed, specifically about migrants' experiences of racism and their resistance strategies. These interviews were conducted face‐to‐face, sometimes with the assistance of translators. Between 2001 and 2007, some 70 people were interviewed by telephone, between Australia and Taiwan.FindingsIn Taiwan, temporary migrants suffer the racism of exploitation in that capital and the state “racially” categorize them as suitable only for the lowest paid and least appealing jobs. Migrants also suffer neglect by and exclusion from the labour unions. However, migrants have succeeded, on occasions, in class mobilization by building powerful inter‐ethnic ties as well as coalitions with some labor unions, local organizations and human rights lobbies.Research limitations/implicationsThe research raises implications for understanding the economic, social and political conditions which influence the emergence of inter‐ethnic bonds and labour‐community coalitions in class struggle.Practical implicationsThe research will contribute to a greater appreciation among Taiwan's labour activists of the real subordination of temporary migrant labour to capital and of the benefits of supporting migrants' mobilization efforts. These benefits can flow not only to migrants but also to the labour unions.Originality/valueA significant body of academic literature has recently emerged on temporary and illegal migrants' efforts to engage the union movements of industrialized host countries. There is a dearth, however, of academic research on the capacity of temporary migrants to invigorate union activism in Asia, including Taiwan.
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Mayes, Robyn. "‘We’re Sending you Back’: Temporary Skilled Labour Migration, Social Networks and Local Community." Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 3, no. 1 (August 24, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd31201717074.
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This paper contributes to the emergent literature on the temporal and dynamic constitution of temporary skilled migrant networks, foregrounding under-researched interrelations between migrant and non-migrant networks. It does so through examination of the lived experience of transnational, temporary skilled labour migrants resident in Ravensthorpe in rural Western Australia (WA) who were confronted with the sudden closure of the mining operation where they were employed. As a result they faced imminent forced departure from Australia. Drawing on qualitative data collected in Ravensthorpe three weeks after the closure, this paper foregrounds the role of this shared, profoundly socially-disruptive event in the formation of a temporary, multi-ethnic migrant network and related interactions with a local network. Analysis of these social relations foregrounds the role of catalysing events and external prompts (beyond ethnicity and the migration act) in the formation of temporary migrant networks, along with the importance of local contexts, policy conditions and employer action. The social networks formed in Hopetoun, and associated mobilisation of social capital, confirm the potential and richness of non-migrant networks for shaping the migrant experience, and foreground the ways in which these interrelations in turn can shape the local experience of migration, just as it highlights the capacity of community groups to act as social and political allies for temporary migrants.that would require migrants to depart after a set number of years and instead recommend a pathway to permanent residence based on duration of stay.
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Zapata-Barrero, Ricard, Rocío Faúndez García, and Elena Sánchez-Montijano. "Circular Temporary Labour Migration: Reassessing Established Public Policies." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (September 16, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/498158.
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Circular Temporary Labour Migration (CTLM) is being promoted as an innovative and viable way of regulating the flow of labour migrants. Based on a specific empirical case study, we identify an unexpected outcome of CTLM programmes: the emergence of a new empirical migrant category, the circular labour migrant, which is as yet theoretically unnamed and lacks recognition by public institutions. We argue that, to date, there have been two historical phases of circular labour migration: one with total deregulation and another with partial regulation, involving private actors supported by public institutions. In a developed welfare state context, it would be normatively pertinent to expect a step towards a third phase, involving the institutionalization of this new trend in mobility by the formulation of a public policy. Current legal, political, social, and economic frameworks have to be reassessed in order to recognise the category of the circular labour migrant.
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Könönen, Jukka. "Becoming a ‘Labour Migrant’: Immigration Regulations as a Frame of Reference for Migrant Employment." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 5 (March 18, 2019): 777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019835133.
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This article addresses the role of immigration regulations as a frame of reference for migrant employment before obtaining permanent residency status. Drawing on interviews with non-EU migrants and service sector employers in the Helsinki area, the article examines how immigration regulations inform migrant employment and contribute to the hierarchisation of labour markets. The analysis focuses on the legal significance of employment for migrants during the immigration process, which is related to the financial requirements for residence permits and manifested in the work permit process in particular. Immigration regulations increase migrants’ dependency on paid employment, consequently decreasing their bargaining power in the labour market. The findings demonstrate the changing dynamics of the supply and demand of labour in the low-paid service sector, where employers prefer to recruit migrants in temporary legal positions over local workers and ‘labour migrants’, resulting in what the author calls the juridical division of labour.
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Howe, Joanna, Alex Reilly, Stephen Clibborn, Diane van den Broek, and Chris F. Wright. "Slicing and Dicing Work in the Australian Horticulture Industry: Labour Market Segmentation within the Temporary Migrant Workforce." Federal Law Review 48, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x20905956.
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This article exposes how disparity in the immigration rules of different visas combines with poor enforcement of labour standards to produce a segmented labour market in the Australian horticulture industry. We argue that the precarious work norms of the horticulture industry result in a ‘demand’ on the part of employers for harvest workers to perform precarious jobs. Such demand has been met by the workers supplied through different segments of temporary migrant labour who may be a particularly attractive form of precarious labour because of the conditionalities they experience as a result of their visa class. Our analysis demonstrates that not only do growers make preferences between local and temporary migrant workers, but they also make preferences between different types of temporary migrant workers. In identifying segmentation between temporary migrant workers on different visa categories, the article makes a significant contribution to the labour market segmentation literature, which hitherto has focused on segmentation between migrant workers and non-migrant workers.
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Howe, Joanna, Laurie Berg, and Bassina Farbenblum. "Unfair Dismissal Law and Temporary Migrant Labour in Australia." Federal Law Review 46, no. 1 (March 2018): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.46.1.2.
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Increasing attention is being given to the exploitation of temporary migrant workers in Australia, in particular in relation to wage underpayments. But very little focus has been given to the ability of temporary migrant workers to access legal remedies under Australian employment law. This article examines whether temporary migrant workers are able to make and pursue a claim for unfair dismissal within the federal jurisdiction. As unfair dismissal law seeks to protect job security and provides an essential check on managerial prerogative, it is important that temporary migrant workers are able to access this legal avenue to protect them from arbitrary dismissal. We argue there are serious deficiencies in the application, coverage and content of federal unfair dismissal law in relation to temporary migrant workers in Australia.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur. "Beyond labour migration: The making of migrant enterprises in Saudi Arabia." International Sociology 33, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917745770.
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Migrant labour has been an integral part of the social and economic fabric of the Gulf societies. While labour migration has affected many aspects of the lives of migrants and their receiving states in the Gulf, one of the most visible but often neglected migration outcomes is the development of migrant-operated businesses across the Gulf states. Evidently, many of these businesses are owned and run by migrants in collaboration with kafeels. Drawing on the experiences of Bangladeshi migrant entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, this article explores the dynamics of Gulf migration, by identifying the transition from migrant worker to migrant entrepreneur, and explaining the making of migrant entrepreneurship within the temporary migration process. The study suggests that migrant entrepreneurship is embedded within the dynamics of the migration trajectory and the broader factors on which this depends. Notwithstanding their marginal character, the Bangladeshi enterprises in this study have flourished because of migrants’ willingness to embrace innovation. The article concludes with a call for identifying the best way to recognize migrant entrepreneurs’ contribution to economic development in Saudi Arabia.
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Alipio, Cheryll. "Lives Lived in “Someone Else's Hands”: Precarity and Profit-making of Migrants and Left-behind Children in the Philippines." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 7, no. 1 (May 2019): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2019.6.
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AbstractIn the labour brokerage state of systematic recruitment and export for the maximisation of labour, development, and profit, the Philippines continues to simultaneously fashion migrant workers as temporary, yet heroic and sacrificial. As the largest migrant-sending country in Southeast Asia and the third largest remittance recipient in Asia, the Philippines’ discourse of migrants as modern-day heroes and martyrs reveals the interplay of nationalist myths and cultural values, alongside the neoliberal favouring of finance and flexible labour, to craft filial migrants and celebrate mobile, capitalist subjects over migrants’ welfare and well-being. The article explores the contemporaneous institutionalisation of migrant labour and migrants’ institutionalised uncertainty lived every day to investigate how this profound precariousness in the Philippines is perpetuated historically to shape the resilience and realities of migrants and their left-behind children today. Drawing from news reports and films on migrant lives and ethnographic fieldwork in the Philippines, this article considers how the formation and deployment of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) turns from a focus on sustaining the nation to supporting migrant families and developing translocal communities. Through this examination, the paper seeks to uncover who profits and is indebted from the precarity created and sustained by the larger economic system built on transnational labour migration.
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Underhill, Elsa, Dimitria Groutsis, Diane van den Broek, and Malcolm Rimmer. "Organising across borders: Mobilising temporary migrant labour in Australian food production." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 278–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185619879726.
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This article builds on the growing literature on migrant worker mobilisation by analysing how the temporary migrant workforce, employed in food production, interacts with two Australian trade unions alongside ethno-specific social media groups, offshore unions and community/religious organisations. The contribution of this article is twofold. Firstly, we demonstrate divergence in union strategies, distinguishing between (i) a ‘traditional self-reliant’ strategy, where unions recruit temporary migrant workforces by using established methods and their own resources and (ii) network collectivism, where unions also engage with temporary migrant workforces obliquely through external social media platforms and alliances. Our second contribution is to examine how the components of network collectivism interact as an integrated strategy for temporary migrant worker mobilisation.
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Wright, Chris F., and Stephen Clibborn. "A guest-worker state? The declining power and agency of migrant labour in Australia." Economic and Labour Relations Review 31, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 34–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304619897670.
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This article presents an historical and comparative analysis of the bargaining power and agency conferred upon migrant workers in Australia under distinct policy regimes. Through an assessment of four criteria – residency status, mobility, skill thresholds and institutional protections – we find that migrant workers arriving in Australia in the period from 1973 to 1996 had high levels of bargaining power and agency. Since 1996, migrant workers’ power and agency has been incrementally curtailed, to the extent that Australia’s labour immigration policy resembles a guest-worker regime where migrants’ rights are restricted, their capacity to bargain for decent working conditions with their employers is truncated and their agency to pursue opportunities available to citizens and permanent residents is diminished. In contrast to recent assessments that Australia’s temporary visa system is working effectively, our analysis indicates that it is failing to protect temporary migrants at work. JEL Codes: J24, J61, J83
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Oliveira, Allison Bezerra, Daniely Lima Silva, and Maria da Conceição Mesquita Leal. "Indústria extrativista e mobilidade do capital e do trabalho na Amazônia Legal maranhense." Caderno de Geografia 29, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2019v29n2p1-17.
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Discute-se neste artigo a dinâmica recente de mobilidade do capital e do trabalho na Amazônia Legal maranhense mediante a implantação da Suzano Papel e Celulose em Imperatriz. Considera-se dois grandes grupos para a mobilidade do trabalho: o migrante laboral temporário, pouco qualificado e destinado a atuar na construção da fábrica, e o migrante permanente, com maior nível de formação, destinado a atuar no funcionamento da fábrica. Foram produzidos mapas e gráficos conceituais, comparando os períodos anterior e posterior à implantação fabril, com dados coletados na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais do MTE (2018) e no Programa de Disseminação das Estatísticas do Trabalho do MTE (2018), ambos vinculados ao Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Os resultados sugerem que, como outrora, os grandes projetos extrativistas fincados no Maranhão tendem a atrair migrantes em busca de emprego e renda, contribuindo para que essa seja uma das características da formação socioeconômica do estado.Palavras-chave: Fluxos migratórios, mobilidade do capital, Amazônia Legal, Maranhão.Abstract This article discusses the recent dynamics of capital and labour mobility in the Legal Amazon of Maranhão through the implementation of Suzano Papel e Celulose in Imperatriz. Two large groups are considered for labour mobility: the temporary, low-skilled labour migrant and the permanent migrant, with a higher level of training, to work in the factory. Based on data collected in MTE's Annual Social Information Report (2018) and MTE's Labor Statistics Dissemination Program (2018), both maps were linked to the Ministry of Labor Statistics of Labor and Employment. The results suggest that, as in the past, the large extractive projects in Maranhão tend to attract migrants in search of jobs and income, contributing to this being one of the characteristics of the socioeconomic formation of the state.Keywords: Migration flows, Capital mobility, Legal Amazon, Maranhão.
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Li, Zhen, and Zai Liang. "Gender and job mobility among rural to urban temporary migrants in the Pearl River Delta in China." Urban Studies 53, no. 16 (July 20, 2016): 3455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015615747.
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Previous studies have found that there is a female disadvantage among rural migrants in the urban labour market in China. It remains unclear whether migrant women also lag behind migrant men in job mobility, an important channel for rural migrants to improve their labour market outcomes. Using data from a large-scale survey conducted in the Pearl River Delta region, one of the most important migration destinations in China, we examine gender gaps in job mobility of rural migrants from 1979 to 2006. Focusing on job mobility, this paper sheds new light on the changing gender dynamics among rural migrants in China. Most of the model results lend support to our hypotheses concerning the gendered job mobility patterns of rural migrants. We find that migrant women are less likely to change jobs for work-related reasons and more likely to engage in family-centered job mobility. Results of fixed-effects models of monthly wage further reveal that the positive effect of work-centered job mobility on rural migrants’ wages is smaller for migrant women. We also find that marriage does not disadvantage migrant women more than men in either work centred or family centred job mobility, and that there is a declining trend of female disadvantage in family-centered job mobility, which all points to the transformative role migration plays for rural migrants.
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Wright, Chris F., and Stephen Clibborn. "Migrant labour and low-quality work: A persistent relationship." Journal of Industrial Relations 61, no. 2 (April 2019): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618824137.
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The marginalisation of migrants at work, especially those in industries and occupations characterised by low wages and low-skilled jobs, is a critical issue for scholarship, policy and practice. While the bulk of migration-related research and theory comes from other disciplines, the insights of employment relations perspectives are particularly valuable in explaining why vulnerability to marginalisation and mistreatment is so persistent for these groups of migrants. We explore this issue by reviewing the reasons why migrant workers, especially newly arrived and temporary migrants, are more vulnerable than other groups of workers, examining worker-focused, employer-focused and state-focused scholarship on this issue. After providing an overview of the articles published in the Journal of Industrial Relations special issue on ‘Migration and Work’, which relate to the theme of the persistent relationship between migrant labour and low-quality work, this introductory article uses insights drawn from our review to propose an agenda for future research.
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Bertoli, Simone, Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga, and Sekou Keita. "The Elasticity of the Migrant Labour Supply: Evidence from Temporary Filipino Migrants." Journal of Development Studies 53, no. 11 (September 21, 2016): 1822–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1219347.
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Howe, Joanna, and Alexander Reilly. "Meeting Australia's Labour Needs: The Case for a New Low-Skill Work Visa." Federal Law Review 43, no. 2 (June 2015): 259–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.43.2.4.
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This article examines whether Australia's regulatory settings for temporary migrant labour are working effectively and argues that a backdoor currently exists which permits the entry of low skilled migrant workers on visas which are not for a work purpose, namely the international student visa and the working holiday maker visa. We propose that an explicit visa pathway be created for low and semi-skilled workers so that the working conditions of these visa holders are more appropriately monitored and to enable Australia's temporary labour migration program to better meet skill shortages in the economy.
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Bellampalli, Praveen Naik, and Roopesh Kaushik. "Identification of the Determinants of Rural Workforce Migration: A Study of Construction Segments in Udupi District, Karnataka, India." Review of Development and Change 25, no. 2 (December 2020): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972266120980187.
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The article critically examines the migration process and the manner in which it affects the livelihood of migrants. Based on a survey in Udupi district of Karnataka, it identifies the status of migrant labourers in the construction sector. It presents evidence on labour market segmentation and the resulting unequal wage distribution between migrants in this segment. Migrants, at their destination, have poor living and working conditions, lack entitlements, have low level of consumption and endure hardship. Migrant households reported higher expenditure on food and non-food consumption and temporary residential housing. Children of migrants have limited access to education in the destination place. The article maps informal practices that violate the legal provisions for these work segments.
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Stasiulis, Daiva. "Elimi(Nation): Canada’s “Post-Settler” Embrace of Disposable Migrant Labour." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 26, 2020): 22–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.2251.
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This article utilizes the lens of disposability to explore recent conditions of low-wage temporary migrant labour, whose numbers and economic sectors have expanded in the 21stcentury. A central argument is that disposability is a discursive and material relation of power that creates and reproduces invidious distinctions between the value of “legitimate” Canadian settler-citizens (and candidates for citizenship) and the lack of worth of undesirable migrant populations working in Canada, often for protracted periods of time. The analytical lens of migrant disposability draws upon theorizing within Marxian, critical modernity studies, and decolonizing settler colonial frameworks. This article explores the technologies of disposability that lay waste to low wage workers in sites such as immigration law and provincial/territorial employment legislation, the workplace, transport, living conditions, access to health care and the practice of medical repatriation of injured and ill migrant workers. The mounting evidence that disposability is immanent within low-wage migrant labour schemes in Canada has implications for migrant social justice. The failure to protect migrant workers from a vast array of harms reflects the historical foundations of Canada’s contemporary migrant worker schemes in an “inherited background field [of settler colonialism] within which market, racist, patriarchal and state relations converge” (Coulthard, 2014, p. 14). Incremental liberal reform has made little headway insofar as the administration and in some cases reversal of more progressive reforms such as guaranteed pathways to citizenship prioritize employers’ labour interests and the lives and health of primarily white, middle class Canadian citizens at the expense of a shunned and racialized but growing population of migrants from the global South. Transformational change and social justice for migrant workers can only occur by reversing the disposability and hyper-commodification intrinsic to low-wage migrant programs and granting full permanent legal status to migrant workers.
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Panda, Shilpi Smita, and Nihar Ranjan Mishra. "Factors affecting temporary labour migration for seasonal work: a review." Management Research Review 41, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 1176–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2017-0104.
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Purpose Seasonal labour migration is a common form of temporary migration where the work of the migrant labour depends on seasonal conditions and is performed only during that period of year. This paper aims to identify the factors and subfactors of temporary labour migration from the existing literature. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an extensive review of the literature on temporary labour migration. Studies done from 1990 to 2016 were considered for review. The literatures from research articles, book chapters, working papers, conference papers and field-based project reports from various disciplines, like economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology and management studies were reviewed for critically analysing various factors affecting seasonal labour migration. Findings A total of five key factors and 60 subfactors of temporary labour migration were documented from previous studies. The findings of the study are organized under five thematic segments: economic factors, social factors, environmental factors, policy-related factors and psychological factors New aspects of seasonal migration were identified such as “role of labour contractors ”, “inter-generational mobility”, “social networks”, “grassroot politics”, “migrant’s relationship with the agents”, “labour registration process”, “market intervention” and “civil society intervention” after consultation with the subject experts and field study. Research limitations/implications The paper restricts itself to include aspects of temporary labour migration. Only the factors and subfactors affecting temporary migration are taken into purview. Further the findings of the paper can be empirically tested to know the significance of each factor and subfactor. Practical implications The paper has implications for better understanding of the temporary labour migration process in different context by focussing extensively on the factors of migration. The factors identified can be empirically tested in regional and local context, which would provide effective insights for policy formulation for the welfare and protection of the migrant workers. Originality/value The paper fulfils an identified need to provide a holistic review for understanding and documenting various factors and subfactors that affect the process of temporary labour migration.
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Heinrich, Steffen, Karen Shire, and Hannelore Mottweiler. "Fighting (for) the margins: Trade union responses to the emergence of cross-border temporary agency work in the European Union." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185619900649.
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Recent research suggests that trade unions in the European Union have become more receptive towards temporary and migrant workers and recognise their distinct interests. This article investigates to what extent this shift in attitude informs union responses to cross-border temporary agency work, an important variant of migrant non-standard work in the European Union. This employment form entails several potential lines of intra-labour conflicts of interests, that is, insider versus outsider and domestic versus migrant workers, and thus offers a particularly promising case to study whether and how unions seek to aggregate the interests of an increasingly heterogeneous workforce. Our findings suggest that although trade unions have gained considerable regulatory influence and new capacities to mediate conflicts of interest between different worker groups, a considerable degree of ambiguity remains in union positions and strategies towards temporary agency work and cross-border labour. Instead of gradual steps towards full inclusion of workers regardless of status and origin, union responses are best described as selective representation.
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Hennebry, Jenna L. "Bienvenidos a Canadá? Globalization and the Migration Industry Surrounding Temporary Agricultural Migration in Canada." Canadian Studies in Population 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p69c8m.
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“Migrant workers” have become an important resource in the global economy, and not solely for employers and governments. Multilateral agreements, trade liberalization, and advancements in communication and transportation have enabled flows of the world’s poor into international labour migration systems, often mediated by a migration industry that profits from providing services to employers and migrants. Based on ethnographic case studies in Mexico, participant observation in Ontario, and interviews with migrant workers and their families, farmers, government representatives and other intermediaries, this paper examines the extent to which a migration industry has formed around the Mexican-Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program.
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Howe, Joanna, Laurie Berg, and Bassina Farbenblum. "Unfair Dismissal Law and Temporary Migrant Labour in Australia." Federal Law Review 46, no. 1 (March 2018): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1804600102.
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Cundal, Kerry, and Brian Seaman. "Canada’s temporary foreign worker programme: A discussion of human rights issues." MIGRATION LETTERS 9, no. 3 (October 28, 2012): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v9i3.92.
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Canada, like many other developed countries, has implemented a temporary foreign workers’ programme, ostensibly to address temporary labour shortages within its domestic labour market. However, there is growing evidence of the programme being used to meet longer-term labour demands, with low-skilled migrant workers being marginalized into low paying service industry jobs and manual labour in the construction and manufacturing industries. Furthermore, there is evidence of these marginalized workers suffering human rights abuses and economic exploitation. This paper discusses some of these problems and presents a case for legislative reform.
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CHU, NELLIE. "Jiagongchang Household Workshops as Marginal Hubs of Women's Subcontracted Labour in Guangzhou, China." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 800–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000919.
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AbstractThis article introduces South China's jiagongchang household workshops as marginal hubs of affective and industrial labour, which are produced by migrant women's yearnings for people and places far away. Temporary sites and precarious forms of low-wage production serve as fragmented and provisional resources of sociality and labour as migrant workers and urban villages gradually become incorporated within the urban fabric. The unrequited longings of migrant women who work in factories and as caretakers demonstrate how marginal hubs are created through disjunctures of emplacement and mobility, which are intensified as these women attempt to bridge the contradictions entailed in care work and industrial labour across the supply chains.
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Elliott, Emily J. "Soviet Socialist Stars and Neoliberal Losers: Young Labour Migrants in Moscow, 1971–1991." Journal of Migration History 3, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 274–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00302006.
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This article examines temporary labour migration to Moscow from 1971 to 1991, paying particular attention to relationships between state actors and young migrant workers. State officials not only provided young workers with housing and educational opportunities but also fostered Soviet socialist values among the young workers. The policies of Glasnost and Perestroika altered this relationship since state policies shifted towards embracing neoliberal practices. Such practices diminished social security for young migrants, leaving this once important social group vulnerable in a time of economic uncertainty.
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Rass, Christoph. "Temporary Labour Migration and State-Run Recruitment of Foreign Workers in Europe, 1919–1975: A New Migration Regime?" International Review of Social History 57, S20 (August 29, 2012): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859012000466.
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SummaryTemporary labour migration was one of the characteristic phenomena of human mobility in Europe during the twentieth century. The predominant answer in several European countries to the growing economic demand for an external labour supply on the one hand, and political demands to limit the numbers of foreign workers and to protect the native workforce from the competition of “cheap” migrant labour on the other, was a growing direct and active involvement of the nation state in regulatory efforts and recruitment operations abroad. Besides bureaucratic organizations on a national level, bilateral recruitment agreements – starting in their modern form in 1919 – became the most important tool to regulate labour migration between two countries. This article takes a look at the evolving system of bilaterally fixed migration relations in Europe and its implications for sending and receiving countries as well as for the labour migrants involved. It argues that the network of bilateral recruitment agreements provided controlled and selective migration channels in Europe between the 1950s and 1970s. These agreements installed and protected certain minimum standards to migrants and led to a general improvement of the rights and conditions offered to temporary labour migrants in Europe.
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Smith, Adrian A. "Temporary Labour Migration and the “Ceremony of Innocence” of Postwar Labour Law: Confronting “the South of the North”." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 33, no. 2 (August 2018): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2018.18.
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AbstractThe article considers the temporary labour migration program in Canada, which catapults workers from the global South into work and wider relations in the global North, in the context of debates swirling around Anglo-American labour law. There is widespread consensus that labour law is experiencing a sustained moment of crisis in the face of neoliberal globalization. Not widely considered is how this crisis relates to temporary labour migration and the global South-North relationship and, in turn, how this relationship may impact emergent approaches tasked with transforming or transcending the field. Critical interventions seeking to confront the “southern question” within the socio-legal imaginary have gone largely unnoticed by labour law scholars. Transnational labour law may hold potential for an alternative account of the racialized production of unfree migrant labour. But only if its adherents can truly confront the dynamic unfolding through temporary labour migration—that of the “South of the North.”
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Wang, Qing, Ting Ren, and Ti Liu. "Training, skill-upgrading and settlement intention of migrants: Evidence from China." Urban Studies 56, no. 13 (December 18, 2018): 2779–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018798760.
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The massive rural-to-urban migration has been one of the most important features of China’s labour market in recent decades. The recent pattern of return migration and migrant wages has increased the costs of firms in urban areas and has negatively affected urbanisation. Therefore, it is important to understand the determinants of settlement intention of migrants. Using data from Rural Urban Migration in China (RUMiC), we find that migrants express higher settlement intention in a city after receiving training that is provided by firms. The effect is larger for females, high school graduates and dropouts, and wage earners. These findings suggest that training may complement migrants’ human capital and upgrade their skills. Therefore, training in cities may act as an instrument that facilitates the migration decisions and transforms a temporary migrant to a permanent resident in an urban area.
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Al Masud, Sheikh Mohammad Maniruzzaman, Rohana Binti Hamzah, and Hasan Ahmad. "Case Study: Foreign Workers in Malaysia." Migration Letters 17, no. 5 (September 28, 2020): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i5.925.
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Malaysia has become a popular destination for many foreign workers since getting independence in 1957, owing to its rapidly growing economy and industrialisation. Most of the migrant workers in Malaysia are low-skilled or uneducated, and public debate is going on their outcome, whether it is substantial or not. The purpose of this study is to manifest the role and contribution of imported labour to the Malaysian economy. Evidence is collected from secondary sources- journal article, relevant books, and online databases. The review finds that the impact of migrant labour on Malaysian growth has not been studied holistically and sufficiently. Existing evidence shows that although it is somewhat positive, the public attitude is most adverse to illegal and irregular migrants. Therefore, more empirical research is required to determine the role of imported temporary workers on the economy of Malaysia, for its ongoing vision- to become a high-income nation.
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Blaauw, Phillip, Anmar Pretorius, Christie Schoeman, and Rinie Schenck. "Explaining Migrant Wages: The Case Of Zimbabwean Day Labourers In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2012): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i12.7413.
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There has been an increasing inflow of migrants and refugees into South Africa during the last two decades. The origin of these migrants is mainly from South Africas long-established sources of migrant workers, including countries from the Southern African Development Community. Over the last decade, African immigrants have encountered brutal manifestations of resentment at their presence in South Africa. The reasons for this are multifaceted, but one of the pertinent perceptions is that immigrants from the countrys northern borders are taking South Africans jobs. It is often claimed that casual immigrant workers are willing to work for very low daily wages. In doing so, they get temporary employment in the informal and formal economy at the expense of South African workers, who have much higher reservation wages in the same informal labour market. This is the first study to focus on the wages of migrant day labourers in South Africa by investigating the determinants of day labour wages for migrant day labourers from Zimbabwe. The respondents for this study were interviewed during the first countrywide survey of day labourers in South Africa during 2007. The paper concludes that the income from migrant day labourers from Zimbabwe often exceeds that of the average day labourer in South Africa. The Zimbabweans are, in many cases, better qualified than the average day labourer in South Africa. The main determinants of these migrant wages are their formal level of schooling, language proficiency and the completion of vocational training courses.
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Gordon, Todd. "Capitalism, Neoliberalism, and Unfree Labour." Critical Sociology 45, no. 6 (April 20, 2018): 921–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920518763936.
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The literature on the unfree character of temporary migrant labour has drawn much needed attention to the poor working conditions faced by migrant workers and opened up an important space to challenge those ubiquitous claims by defenders of the current political-economic status quo of the freedom expressed at the core of neoliberalism. However, there is a risk to focusing on legal unfreedom to the exclusion of a broader critique of the logic of capitalist reproduction, the very premise of which is the private ownership of society’s productive wealth and the alienation of the majority of people from that wealth. Unfreedom and coercion are systematic to capitalist market relations, and all wage labour, including that of formally ‘free’, is unfree. This article examines different conceptions of labour unfreedom and concludes with a discussion of unfree labour in the neoliberal context.
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Verschueren, Herwig. "Employment and Social Security Rights of Third-Country Labour Migrants under eu Law: An Incomplete Patchwork of Legal Protection." European Journal of Migration and Law 18, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 373–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12342107.
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Labour migration within the European Union (eu), as well as from outside the eu, has evolved significantly. There are more temporary forms of labour migration, such as seasonal work, temporary migration of both high- and low-skilled workers and temporary posting by employers. This evolution has led to an increasing vulnerability of labour migrants’ rights. In particular, the employment and social rights of these migrants are subject to legal disputes, as well as to political discussions. The latter resulted in the adoption of legal instruments meant to guarantee some rights to labour migrants, but which in some cases rather increased their vulnerability. This article explores the issues of employment and social protection of third-country migrant workers in legal instruments of the eu. It starts with an examination of a number of eu directives dealing specifically with labour migration from third countries such as the Blue Card Directive 2009/50, the Employers’ Sanctions Directive 2009/52, the Single Permit Directive 2011/98, the Seasonal Workers Directive 2014/36 and the Intra-corporate Transferees Directive 2014/66 (Section 2). This section also explores the interaction between these instruments as well as their shortcomings. Next, this article focuses on international agreements concluded by the eu with third countries. A large number of these agreements contain provisions which, directly or indirectly, regulate the employment and social security rights of nationals of the third States involved (Section 3). Further, it will comment on the issue of (the absence of) social security coordination between the systems of the Member States and those of third countries (Section 4). Finally, it draws some conclusions and pleads for a better enforcement of the rights already guaranteed and for a more prominent role for the protection of human rights (Section 5).
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Shah, Nasra M. "Labour Migration from Asian to GCC Countries: Trends, Patterns and Policies." Middle East Law and Governance 5, no. 1-2 (2013): 36–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00501002.
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The six oil-rich Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are among the largest recipients of temporary labor migrants in the world today with non-nationals comprising about 47% of their population. The upward trend in labor migration to the region has been especially pronounced since the early 1980s. Asian workers from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and Sri Lanka constitute the major stock of migrants. The proportion of Asian relative to Arab workers has increased over time with the former group comprising about 60-70% of foreign workers in some countries. Data on annual outflows from sending Asian countries shows a consistent upward trend in labor migration during the 1990s and 2000s. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are currently the largest recipients of Asian workers. A majority of migrants are male. However, the number of female workers has registered a consistent increase over time as a result of the rising demand for female domestic workers. Among the male workers, half or more are employed in unskilled occupations in the Gulf. The migration policies of the sending and receiving countries are at odds with each other. Sending countries aim to increase the outflows, primarily to enhance remittance receipts and curtail unemployment at home. Receiving countries aim to restrict migrant inflows and reduce migrant stock through concerted efforts towards nationalizing the labor force. Reconciliation of the above policies remains a challenge for the future.
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Smith, Adrian A. "RACIALIZED IN JUSTICE: THE LEGAL AND EXTRA-LEGAL STRUGGLES OF MIGRANT AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN CANADA." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 31, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v31i2.4410.
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Considerable attention has been directed at the Supreme Court of Canada’s 2011 Fraser decision regarding the constitutional right to freedom of association of agricultural workers in Ontario. While these interventions rightly tend to chastise the Court’s ruling denying meaningful associational rights, a marked indifference exists toward the racialized dimensions of the ruling and of agricultural labour production in Canada more broadly. But an application of the insights of critical race theory, while necessary to addressing the limits of contemporary jurisprudential and scholarly legal analysis, fails to sufficiently confront the particularities of labour exploitation embedded in Canada’s temporary labour migration regime. Striving to deepen the study of racialization, labour and law in Canada, I situate the legal and extra-legal struggles of migrant agricultural workers within an anti-racist class analysis of law attentive to the ways racialization and racism infuse labour migration. The racialized class construction of migrant labour -- a “structural necessity” within agricultural production -- occurs through the imposition of politico-legal impediments organized through global capitalism and the system of national states. The analysis ends by advocating a turn away from prevailing approaches to the study and practice of labour law to a transgressive agenda concerned with openly contesting capitalist exploitation in all forms including racialized legal regulation of migrant agricultural labour. Une attention considérable a été accordée à la décision de la Cour suprême du Canada rendue en 2011 dans l’arrêt Fraser, qui portait sur le droit constitutionnel à la liberté d’association des travailleurs agricoles en Ontario. Bien que les interventions tendent à juste titre à critiquer la décision de la Cour rejetant des droits d’association significatifs, il existe une indifférence marquée à l’égard des dimensions racialisées de la décision et de la production de la main-d’œuvre agricole au Canada d’une façon générale. Cependant, bien qu’elle soit nécessaire pour aborder les limites de l’analyse juridique savante et jurisprudentielle contemporaine, l’application des idées de la théorie raciale critique ne tient pas suffisamment compte des particularités de l’exploitation de la main-d’œuvre qui fait partie intégrante du régime canadien de migration temporaire de la main-d’œuvre. Dans le but d’approfondir l’étude de la racialisation, de la main-d’œuvre et du droit au Canada, je place les luttes judiciaires et extrajudiciaires des travailleurs agricoles migrants au sein d’une analyse antiraciste du droit qui tient compte des diverses façons dont la racialisation et le racisme influencent la migration de la main-d’œuvre. La construction du travail migrant fondée sur une catégorie racialisée -- une « nécessité structurelle » dans le cadre de la production agricole -- se fait par l’imposition d’obstacles politico-juridiques organisés par le capitalisme mondial et le système des États nationaux. L’analyse se termine en préconisant l’abandon des approches actuelles relatives à l’étude et à l’exercice du droit du travail, au profit d’un programme transgressif visant à contester ouvertement l’exploitation capitaliste sous toutes ses formes, y compris la réglementation racialisée de la main-d’œuvre agricole migrante.
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Oliver, Damian, and Serena Yu. "The Australian labour market in 2018." Journal of Industrial Relations 61, no. 3 (June 2019): 326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185619834332.
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In 2018, the Australian labour market continued to see only very moderate wages growth despite strong employment growth and low unemployment. This remains an international phenomenon with underlying economic and legal structural causes. Employment growth was concentrated in part-time jobs for both males and females, and in both manufacturing and white-collar industries. The Fair Work Commission increased the National Minimum Wage by 3.5%, a higher percentage increase than previous years but one that reflected higher growth in average earnings and inflation. The climate surrounding agreement making was less febrile than in recent years, with fewer high-profile attempts to terminate existing enterprise agreements. However, collective bargaining coverage in the private sector continues to decline to historic lows. Changes to skilled migration were the most significant shift in labour market policy in 2018, with a significant reduction in the number of permanent skilled migrants and a new temporary skilled migrant visa category with much stricter eligibility requirements. If sustained, this reduction may contribute to increasing pressure on wages in the years to come.
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Piper, Nicola, and Matt Withers. "Forced transnationalism and temporary labour migration: implications for understanding migrant rights." Identities 25, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 558–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1070289x.2018.1507957.
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Ryazantsev, Sergey V. "Labour immigration to Russia: myths and contrarguments." RUDN Journal of Economics 26, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 718–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2018-26-4-718-729.
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The article analyzes the role of immigration and labor immigration in the demographic and socio-economic development of Russia in the post-Soviet period. Two main migration flows (immigration for permanent residence and labor immigration) to the country are analyzed on the basis of both absolute numbers and socio-demographic structure. The four most common myths regarding the negative impact of labor migration on the socio-economic situation in Russia are considered in detail: immigration hampers technological re-equipment and the renewal of the Russian economy; immigrants squeeze national labor from the Russian labor market; immigrants contribute to the dumping of wages on the Russian labor market; immigrants are to blame for raising the retirement age in Russia. The author’s counterarguments on each of these myths are cited. A distinctive feature of labor migration to Russia is the clearly expressed labor motivation of migrants. For the most part, migrant workers are people from the countries of the former USSR (primarily citizens of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan) who are willing to work actively, many speak Russian, are oriented towards Russia, want and are ready to register honestly, get permits documents and pay taxes. Many migrants have quite successfully adapted to the Russian labor market, some receive a temporary residence permit and a permanent residence permit, and many become citizens of Russia. This is partly evidence of their successful integration into Russian society. Given the demographic situation in which modern Russia is located, labor migration could not only replenish the cohort of labor resources on a temporary basis, but also increase the population of the country on a permanent basis. At the same time, the sociocultural consequences of labor migration for local societies and Russian society as a whole require additional study. In this regard, Russia needs to develop the infrastructure for the adaptation and integration of migrants into Russian society - to ensure access to learning Russian, medical services, education of children and migrants.
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Caxaj, C. Susana, and Amy Cohen. "“I Will Not Leave My Body Here”: Migrant Farmworkers’ Health and Safety Amidst a Climate of Coercion." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152643.
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Every year more temporary migrant workers come to Canada to fill labour shortages in the agricultural sector. While research has examined the ways that these workers are made vulnerable and exploitable due to their temporary statuses, less has focused on the subjective experiences of migrant agricultural workers in regards their workplace health and safety. We conducted interviews and focus groups with migrant workers in the interior of British Columbia, Canada and used a narrative line of inquiry to highlight two main themes that illustrate the implicit and complex mechanisms that can structure migrant agricultural workers’ workplace climate, and ultimately, endanger their health and safety. The two themes we elaborate are (1) authorities that silence; and (2) “I will not leave my body here.” We discuss the implications of each theme, ultimately arguing that a number of complex political and economic forces create a climate of coercion in which workers feel compelled to choose between their health and safety and tenuous economic security.
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Andrijasevic, Rutvica, and Devi Sacchetto. "‘Disappearing workers’: Foxconn in Europe and the changing role of temporary work agencies." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017015622918.
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This article investigates the role of temporary work agencies (TWAs) at Foxconn’s assembly plants in the Czech Republic. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, it shows TWAs’ comprehensive management of migrant labour: recruitment and selection in the countries of origin; cross-border transportation, work and living arrangements in the country of destination; and return to the countries of origin during periods of low production. The article asks whether the distinctiveness of this specific mode of labour management can be understood adequately within the framework of existing theories on the temporary staffing industry. In approaching the staffing industry through the lens of migration labour analysis, the article reveals two key findings. Firstly, TWAs are creating new labour markets but do so by eroding workers’ rights and enabling new modalities of exploitation. Secondly, the diversification of TWAs’ roles and operations has transformed TWAs from intermediaries between capital and labour to enterprises in their own right.
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Maury, Olivia. "Between a Promise and a Salary: Student-Migrant-Workers’ Experiences of Precarious Labour Markets." Work, Employment and Society 34, no. 5 (November 25, 2019): 809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019887097.
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This article examines the experiences of non-EU/EEA student-migrants orienting in precarious labour markets in Finland. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews with working student-migrants holding a temporary legal status, the article examines the incidence of unpaid work within a variety of contractual settings and sectors. The findings suggest that exploitation with regard to the subjective capacity to produce is facilitated through the imposition of unpaid work hours on legally constrained migrants in precarious employment. The findings contribute to the sociological analysis of the increasingly fragmented figures of labour as well as to the study of unpaid work as a driver of precarisation.
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BAL, Charanpal S. "Dealing with Deportability: Deportation Laws and the Political Personhood of Temporary Migrant Workers in Singapore." Asian Journal of Law and Society 2, no. 2 (August 17, 2015): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2015.17.
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AbstractBy severely constraining the political personhood of temporary migrant workers, states’ use of deportation laws seeks to curb agitation among these workers. Despite this, various episodes of unrest have been witnessed in both liberal and illiberal regimes across Asia. Drawing on a case study of Bangladeshi migrant construction workers in Singapore, this paper examines the development of migrant labour politics as deportation laws, and their enforcement, construct these workers as “use-and-discard” economic subjects. Data for the paper are drawn from multi-level sources—government, industry, media, and non-governmental organization (NGO) reports; interviews with key actors; and a participant observation stint in a construction firm—collected between 2010 and 2014. The paper argues that, rather than solely constraining, deportability serves as a constituent of certain forms of tactical worker contestations in the workplace. Specifically, under different workplace conditions, deportability can translate into differing forms of worker tactics, ranging from accommodation to confrontation and desertion. The outcomes of these strategies, in turn, have significant repercussions for the ways in which civil society groups and state-actors, respectively, challenge and reconfigure the political personhood of temporary migrant workers.
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Roy, Archana K., Pappu Singh, and U. N. Roy. "Impact of Rural-urban Labour Migration on Education of Children: A Case Study of Left behind and Accompanied Migrant Children in India." Space and Culture, India 2, no. 4 (April 9, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v2i4.74.
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In developing countries, seasonal labour migration from rural to urban or from backward to developed region is a household livelihood strategy to cope with poverty. In this process, the children of those migrants are the worst affected whether they accompany their parents or are left behind in the villages. The present paper explores the impact of temporary labour migration of parent(s) on school attendance of the children between 6–14 years and their dropping out from the school through an analysis of the cases from both the ends of migration stream in India. Data was collected from thirteen construction sites of Varanasi Uttar Pradesh and nine villages of Bihar by applying both qualitative and quantitative techniques. It is evident from the study that the migrants through remittances improve school accessibility for the left behind children and bridge gender gap in primary school education. However, among the accompanying migrant children of construction workers, many remain out of school and many are forced to drop out and some of them become vulnerable to work as child labour due to seasonal mobility of their parents. Thus, mainstreaming these children in development process is a big challenge in attaining the goal of universal primary education and inclusive growth in the country like India.Key words: School dropout, seasonal labour migration, left behind children, caste system, poverty, Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India
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Newman, Andrew. "The Legal In/Security of Temporary Migrant Agricultural Work: Case Studies from Canada and Australia." Deakin Law Review 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2013vol18no2art43.
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Despite differing labour law systems and program structures, temporary migrant agricultural workers under the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and Australian Seasonal Worker Program often possess minimal security of employment rights and protections, despite potentially lengthy periods of consecutive seasonal service to the same employer. Such lesser rights and protections are partly due to the central role played by continuity of service in determining the length of reasonable notice periods and the strength of unfair dismissal protections and stand-down/recall rights. Although it is often presumed that the temporary duration of the seasonal work visa necessarily severs the legal continuity of the employment relationship, such is not the case. This article argues that security of employment rights and protections can be re-conceptualised to recognise non-continuous seasonal service within the current parameters of a fixed-term work visa. In both Canada and Australia this could be accomplished through contractual or collective agreement terms or through the amendment of labour law legislation. Such reforms would recognise a form of unpaid ‘migrant worker leave’, whereby the legal continuity of employment would be preserved despite periods of mandatory repatriation, thus allowing accrual of security of employment rights and protections.
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Fouskas, Theodoros, Paraskevi Gikopoulou, Elisavet Ioannidi, and George Koulierakis. "Gender, transnational female migration and domestic work in Greece." Collectivus, Revista de Ciencias Sociales 6, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 99–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.15648/coll.1.2019.7.
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In global labour markets, migrant workers are mainly found in precarious, low-status/low-wage occupations in undeclared work and the underground/informal sector of the economy which demands a low paid, uninsured, mobile, temporary and flexible workforce. This article argues that migrant women are mostly employed as domestic workers in various countries that demand precarious, low-status/low-wage service workers and personal services. Feminist scholarship on migration underlines, that social constructions of gender and racial stereotypes drive men and women into specific roles and therefore dictate their experiences. Social constructions of gender cannot be considered separate from social constructions of class, gender, race, ethnicity, and sexuality; female migrants are disassociated from family relationships, community associations, solidarity networks, and become susceptible to discrimination based on race and ethnicity, class and gender in the reception countries. This article provides an intersectional review of research on domestic work, healthcare and community networks in Greece (1990-2018). Intersectionality produces assumptions set in women’s race and ethnicity, projecting unequal labour rights among sexes in Greece. Gender, race and ethnicity subject women to obedience, susceptibility and exploitation, confining them to domestic work, and low-paid jobs without social rights. Last but not least, this article suggests that ethnic background and unstable legal residence status works as a mechanism of control and suppression, which in turn force female migrants to accept low wages, refrain from demanding healthcare services and from seeking support from migrant community associations. Employers confiscate their documents, monitor them and threaten to report them to the authorities, thus institutionalising exploitation, leading to forceful application of discipline, consent, subordination, obedience and dependency of domestic workers.
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Low, Choo Chin. "Back for Good." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 177, no. 2-3 (July 9, 2021): 344–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-bja10030.
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Abstract This article suggests that legalization and amnesty programmes have not been able to reduce undocumented migration in Malaysia for two reasons. First, the programmes merely serve as a registration tool that provides foreign workers with short-term work permits and as a surveillance tool to keep track of foreign workers. Second, the temporary work permits granted are no substitute for a migrant-labour management policy in addressing the acute shortage of low-skilled workers. Despite the introduction of these programmes, undocumented migrants have continued to exist because employers prefer to hire undocumented workers in their ‘race to the bottom’ in terms of costs, and the workers are dependent on their employers and agents as the gatekeepers of their legal immigration status. In 2016 and 2019, the Malaysian government introduced two reforms to its legalization and amnesty programmes: it eliminated outsourcing of the process in the Rehiring Programme (2016) and barred repatriated migrants from re-entering the country under the Back for Good amnesty programme (2019). Though these reforms have partially addressed the limitations of the previous programmes, they have not addressed the root cause of migrant labourers working without proper documentation.
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Zou, Mimi. "Immigration Law as Labour Market Regulation: Temporary Migration Status and Migrant Work Relations." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (June 2015): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2015-001003.
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Manco, Altay, and Andrea Gerstnerova. "Migrant associations as alternative jobs providers: Experience of Turkish and sub-Saharan communities in Belgium." BORDER CROSSING 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v6i1.504.
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It can be said that Belgian labour market has been challenged since the 1970s due to changing economic landscape. The two major drivers for change were the deindustrialization and globalization. For some, these two drivers have brought a perceptible deterioration of working conditions and pay. In general, foreign workers are among the first to be affected from such changes. Their temporary residence status, unrecognized qualifications, limited language skills and lack of access to the social networks of the native-born Belgians make them particularly disadvantaged in the labour market. In order to overcome these obstacles, migrant communities have developed various, more or less effective, measures. This paper discusses the role of migrant associations in economic integration among the Turkish and the sub-Saharan communities residing in Belgium. Particular emphasis is made on the contribution of the community’s social capital in the process of transferring knowledge, financial and material means and professional networks.
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Devasahayam, Theresa W. "Placement and/or protection? Singapore's labour policies and practices for temporary women migrant workers." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 15, no. 1 (February 22, 2010): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860903488229.
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Joyce, Arwen. "WORKING ACROSS BORDERS: THE LIMITS OF LABOUR LAW FOR LOW-WAGE TEMPORARY MIGRANT WORKERS." REI - REVISTA ESTUDOS INSTITUCIONAIS 5, no. 2 (October 6, 2019): 699–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.21783/rei.v5i2.377.
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Piper, Nicola. "Temporary Migration and Political Remittances: the role of organisational networks in the transnationalisation of human rights." European Journal of East Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (2009): 215–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156805809x12553326569678.
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AbstractThe starting point in exploring possible linkages between migration and democratisation in this paper is the role of collective organisations in influencing and changing the direction and practice of political activism aimed at advancing the rights of migrants as foreign workers. Given the specific context of my discussion being temporary contract migration—the predominant form of (legal) economic migration in Asia today—taking a transnational perspective that links origin and destination countries is paramount, as the problem issues these contract migrants face occur at both 'ends' of the migration journey, often simultaneously. I develop a reconputalisation of the notion of 'political remittances' to analyse political activism via collective organisations that operate across borders. In doing so, I raise the question whether this activism contributes to the transnationalisation of migrant rights—a specific form of political remittances. In conclusion, I argue that the analysis and theorisation of political remittances aimed at furthering solidarity among workers and democratising of labour and human relations needs to be situated within a multi-sited landscape of collective organisations and the networks between them.
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van der Meulen, Sjoukje. "Documenting China's Garment Industry: Wang Bing's Portrayal of Migrant Workers' Suspended Lives within the Contract Labour System." Pacific Affairs 94, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2021942371.
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This essay examines two films by the Chinese documentary filmmaker Wang Bing about temporary migrant workers in small, privately owned garment workshops in Zhejiang Province, China: Bitter Money (Ku Qian; 2016) and 15 Hours (Shi Wu Xiao Shi; 2017). Wang's films portray Chinese garment workers' lived experiences of "suspension," as defined by Biao Xiang in this issue, in unique cinematic ways. Social sciences have paid close attention to the experiences of migrant workers, but art documentaries use audiovisual and aesthetic means to explore their everyday reality, producing what D. MacDougall calls distinctive "affective knowledge." Wang's films are usually categorized as part of the Sixth Generation of Chinese filmmakers, known for capturing social issues through observational methods. In this essay, I identify Wang's works with the aesthetics of "slow cinema" and a global documentary trend in the visual arts as theorized by T. J. Demos in The Migrant Image. Based on close observation coupled with empathetic insight, Wang develops his own subjective method to portray people in a transformed and still changing China, where suspension is a common state of being. Ultimately, Wang's films not only make the personal experiences of migrant workers visible and tangible, but also problematize their underlying, collective condition of suspension due to the contract labour system and associated hypermobility. The suspension approach suggests a productive way of bringing documentary art and social sciences into dialogue.