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Kang, Zhen Zhen, Xiao Jun Li, and Cong Hong Liu. "Earthships-Scrap Tires Recycling in Building Design." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3338.
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With rapid development in automobile industry and increasing environment problems, a difficulty confronting many countries is how to recycle scrape tires. The earthship comes out as an effective way to make full use of scrap tires in building design. By introducing its construction procedure, current conditions at home and abroad, and two case studies abroad, the paper concludes its advantages in environment protection, building performance, economy and technology. Besides, in view of the present condition in China, It suggests to first build earthships in less developed areas, or areas with extreme weather conditions, and try to popularize them in temporary structures, garden buildings, or special buildings.
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Hill, Howard J. "Rational and Irrational Design Loads for “Temporary” Structures." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 9, no. 3 (August 2004): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2004)9:3(125).
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Turkan, Yelda, Frédéric Bosché, Carl T. Haas, and Ralph Haas. "Tracking of secondary and temporary objects in structural concrete work." Construction Innovation 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-12-2012-0063.
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Purpose – Previous research has shown that “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition systems, which fuse three dimensional (3D) point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or digital photogrammetry with 4D project building information models (BIM), provide valuable information for tracking construction works. However, until now, the potential of these systems has been demonstrated for tracking progress of permanent structural works only; no work has been reported yet on tracking secondary or temporary structures. For structural concrete work, temporary structures include formwork, scaffolding and shoring, while secondary components include rebar. Together, they constitute most of the earned value in concrete work. The impact of tracking secondary and temporary objects would thus be added veracity and detail to earned value calculations, and subsequently better project control and performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Two techniques for recognizing concrete construction secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds are implemented and tested using real-life data collected from a reinforced concrete building construction site. Both techniques represent significant innovative extensions of existing “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition frameworks. Findings – The experimental results show that it is feasible to recognise secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds with good accuracy using the two novel techniques; but it is envisaged that superior results could be achieved by using additional cues such as colour and 3D edge information. Originality/value – This article makes valuable contributions to the problem of detecting and tracking secondary and temporary objects in 3D point clouds. The power of Scan-vs-BIM object recognition approaches to address this problem is demonstrated, but their limitations are also highlighted.
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Chukwudi OBI, Ifeanyi, and Almira Khafizova. "PLASTICS AS CONTEMPORARY MATERIAL IN ARCHITECTURE FOR HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i6.2018.249.
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Nowadays plastics have become one of the main construction materials with a wide range of use in product design as well as construction industry of medium or large elements including buildings. Elements like pipes’ and cables insulation, storage tanks, skylights, roofing, windows and doors, insulation and temporary structures can be made entirely, partly or as a bonding compound in new material mixes like WPCs wood plastic composites, carbon or natural fiber reinforced plastic. Material of this study has a vast application in the field of tensile structures construction or tents in smaller scale. One of the most common uses of plastic in the building construction is insulation of large surfaces such are walls, roofs or floors that can come in different forms commonly in foam which amounts can be adjusted to fit any form, in a prefabricated form like SIP panels as well as to securely insulate smaller details like pipes or cables. It is frequently used in the timing of the exterior building planes too. A rife problem is allergies from raw organic material objects and building components like down, sisal, cotton, coir, sea grass, etc. that can cause serious sequels like asthma, eyes and other mucous maladies can be completely eliminated with synthetic plastic-based materials-nylon, polyester, and polypropylene. This paper intends to stream how different plastic-based materials can help attain sustainable position in modern contemporary architecture.
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Yasa, Enes. "Microclimatic comfort measurements evaluation of building physics: The effect of building form and building settled area, on pedestrian level comfort around buildings." Journal of Building Physics 40, no. 5 (July 27, 2016): 472–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259115621979.
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Wind discomfort and the dangers that the wind may lead can be harmful in terms of comfort conditions of both indoor and outdoor environment of the building/buildings to be constructed or just completed. The extent of discomfort to pedestrian varies from inducing slightly unpleasant feeling to producing a falling down hazard. Typically, the cause of frequent occurrences of strong wind at pedestrian area is primary related to the configuration of building structures and/or topography in the vicinity of the pedestrian area. Depending on the characteristics of the wind including magnitude, uniformity, ambient temperature, and so on, the level of disturbance to users of pedestrian areas can be different. In this context, the regions where Necmettin Erbakan University temporary education buildings are located have a fairly intensive topography in terms of wind. Therefore, detailed analysis of the inside regions and the surrounding areas of education buildings in particular are performed in terms of microclimatic comfort and indoor energy recovery. Especially, the topography where university campus temporary educational buildings are located has very high wind climate conditions compared to the city of Konya climate conditions. In this study, pedestrian-level wind conditions around N.E.U. campus buildings and in urban areas and the topography of campus settlements were analyzed through on-site measurement with Delta OHM microclimatic instruments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pedestrian-level comfort conditions around the project buildings suggested by concept architects together with microclimatic measurements of comfort conditions, in the light of current topographic and climatic conditions presented by the head architect. However, presentation of these topographic and microclimatic measurements around currently completed temporary classrooms of the university campus have not yet been completed. The topography of the university campus, which is at an altitude higher than that of Konya centrum, is exposed to an extremely high wind velocity. The pedestrian-level comfort conditions are measured using Delta OHM instrument. The study also aims to compare pedestrian-level comfort conditions at locations of various buildings. In addition, outdoor comfort survey was also conducted in the campus area. However, measurement results of the microclimatic measurement device, DeltaOHM, are evaluated in this study. It can be observed from the results that pedestrian-level comfort of current campus settlements around the buildings reach very discomforting levels. Since the university’s topography varies between very high and very low temperature levels and wind velocity values, climatic comfort problems are observed in the area. Some reasons for the discomfort problems observed in current settlement are; incorrect use of climatic parameters, incorrect directions of buildings, thermal effects due incorrect selection of materials used in constructions of buildings. In order to achieve thermal comfort, more studies are required on pedestrian-level comfort, use of passive design techniques such as correct direction of buildings and correct selection of materials utilized in the buildings based on their thermal effects. This would help university campus buildings consume less energy and maximize people’s satisfaction.
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Zaitsev, A. A., and V. G. Ofrikhter. "THE RESULTS OF FIELD TESTS OF WEAK SOILS." Construction and Geotechnics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.2.05.
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Organization of construction on sites built of weak soils is associated with certain problems, one of which is the construction of temporary roads and foundations for building mechanisms (pile drivers, cranes, etc.). Temporary roads necessary attributes of any construction, ensuring the availability of facilities and linear structures. One of the features of the temporary roads is their erection in accordance with the staged scheme of the organization of construction. Physico-mechanical characteristics of the soils are necessary for the design of such passages using which it is possible to perform calculations using approved soil models. During civil engineering processes on weak soils, it is also important to preserve geological diversity, which is possible with a comprehensive assessment of soil properties. Work on weak soils, even at the survey stage, is associated with accessibility problems due to their low bearing capacity. Usually travel by transport on such soils in warm season is impossible. Evaluation of the physico-mechanical properties of weak soils is possible using lightweight portable devices that can be delivered to the testing sites manually. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of weak soil using lightweight portable devices such as probe penetrometer, vane shear meter, and dynamic density meters. Soil properties obtained during field tests can be used as input parameters for design models, the use of which allows to perform immediate out calculations temporary road construction or the base for the construction mechanism. Works performed according to the proposed method are of low laboriousness, low cost and high efficiency, do not require the use of mechanisms and can be performed by one person.
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Nathansohn, Nof, Molly Mason, David Allen White, Hugh Timothy Ebdy, Yaara Yacoby, Hila Sharabi, and Lawrence Sass. "Design for disassembly: Using temporary fabrication for land politics in the Negev." International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077120924738.
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Political conflicts have increasingly displaced people from their homes, necessitating various forms of temporary structures and housing. However, these shelters are often one-size-fits-all and do not take into account the individual requirements, family structures, or cultural needs of these communities. This article explores how digital fabrication can be used to empower disenfranchised communities to act as their own architects. Because the police demolish the structures in Al Araqib every 3 weeks, the residents have to rebuild their structures, and appropriate architecture as a resistance tool, and not only as a housing solution. This circumstance allows us to develop a structure designed primarily for the condition of rapid disassembly that can additionally be produced with a low-tech setup of a mobile computer numerical control router. Through this case study with the Bedouin village Al Araqib in the Negev Desert, we introduce the term community-specific design, present our methodology for designing and fabricating a temporary structure in collaboration with the community, and outline the logistics for a future mobile infrastructure. Beyond aiding the Bedouin’s fight for justice, our intention as designers, acutely aware of the power of technology and architecture, is to harness both physical and digital tools in an effort to create innovative systems that can be leveraged by unrecognized populations struggling for cultural survival.
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Peng, J. L., D. V. Rosowsky, A. D. Pan, W. F. Chen, and S. L. Chan. "Simplified Modeling and Analysis of Pattern Loading Effects on Shoring Systems During Construction." Advances in Structural Engineering 1, no. 3 (July 1998): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136943329800100305.
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This paper examines the effect of concrete placement patterns on temporary structures. Specific consideration is given to scaffold shoring systems used in construction. A simplified two-dimensional portal frame model is developed to investigate the system stability for different load patterns corresponding to different concrete placement procedures. Then, a three-dimensional structural model is developed to identify the location and magnitude of the critical formwork load both during and after concrete placement. A second-order elastic analysis of the system is performed to determine the critical loads. For the sway case, there exists a unique critical (collapse) load which is independent of load pattern (placement paths) and partial loads. However, the amount of lateral deflection varies for different load patterns or paths. Thus, a single limiting lateral deflection of the temporary structure may not be suitable as an early-warning index signaling imminent collapse during construction. An analysis based on the concept of influence surfaces confirms that an equivalent uniform load may be used in design to account for pattern loading during construction.
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Padilla-Rivera, Alejandro, Ben Amor, and Pierre Blanchet. "Evaluating the Link between Low Carbon Reductions Strategies and Its Performance in the Context of Climate Change: A Carbon Footprint of a Wood-Frame Residential Building in Quebec, Canada." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082715.
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The design and study of low carbon buildings is a major concern in a modern economy due to high carbon emissions produced by buildings and its effects on climate change. Studies have investigated (CFP) Carbon Footprint of buildings, but there remains a need for a strong analysis that measure and quantify the overall degree of GHG emissions reductions and its relationship with the effect on climate change mitigation. This study evaluates the potential of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the building sector by evaluating the (CFP) of four hotpots approaches defined in line with commonly carbon reduction strategies, also known as mitigation strategies. CFP framework is applied to compare the (CC) climate change impact of mitigation strategies. A multi-story timber residential construction in Quebec City (Canada) was chosen as a baseline scenario. This building has been designed with the idea of being a reference of sustainable development application in the building sector. In this scenario, the production of materials and construction (assembly, waste management and transportation) were evaluated. A CFP that covers eight actions divided in four low carbon strategies, including: low carbon materials, material minimization, reuse and recycle materials and adoption of local sources and use of biofuels were evaluated. The results of this study shows that the used of prefabricated technique in buildings is an alternative to reduce the CFP of buildings in the context of Quebec. The CC decreases per m2 floor area in baseline scenario is up to 25% than current buildings. If the benefits of low carbon strategies are included, the timber structures can generate 38% lower CC than the original baseline scenario. The investigation recommends that CO2eq emissions reduction in the design and implementation of residential constructions as climate change mitigation is perfectly feasible by following different working strategies. It is concluded that if the four strategies were implemented in current buildings they would have environmental benefits by reducing its CFP. The reuse wood wastes into production of particleboard has the greatest environmental benefit due to temporary carbon storage.
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Gravina da Rocha, Cecilia, Hana B. C. El Ghoz, and Sidnei Jr Guadanhim. "A model for implementing product modularity in buildings design." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 3 (October 17, 2019): 680–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-02-2019-0096.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the fundamental underpinnings of product modularity and how these can be adapted to construction and its specificities (e.g. one-off products delivered by temporary supply chains) to create a model to design modular buildings. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts a design science research approach. Explanation I (substantive theory devising based on the analysis of an artefact ‒ a low-income housing project) is used, followed by Solution Incubation (a model to implement product modularity in buildings design). Findings The model allows product modularity to be implemented at distinct levels (i.e. building, systems and components) at a single stage (building design), different from manufacturing where each level is considered at a distinct stage. This is in line with the project investigated: modularity was considered for house layouts, roof types and gable formats. Practical implications The model provides a hands-on tool for practitioners to design modular buildings. The low-income project is also extensively detailed: three-dimensional models, floor plans and conceptual diagrams (outlining how fundamental underpinnings were applied at each level) are presented. There is a lack of comprehensive accounts such as the one presented here to demonstrate the application of product modularity in real-world projects. Originality/value This paper identifies and adapts the fundamental underpinnings of product modularity to construction, and it details how these were applied to a low-income housing design at distinct levels. Based on these two endeavours, a model to implement product modularity in buildings design is proposed.
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Stucki, Conor, and Michel Bruneau. "Reduction of Seismic Acceleration Parameters for Temporary Bridge Design." Journal of Bridge Engineering 23, no. 10 (October 2018): 04018081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001292.
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Mohammadi, Jamshid. "Discussion of “Rational and Irrational Design Loads for ‘Temporary’ Structures” by Howard J. Hill." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2006)11:1(65).
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Hill, Howard J. "Closure to “Rational and Irrational Design Loads for ‘Temporary’ Structures” by Howard J. Hill." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2006)11:1(67).
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Moon, Sungwoo, Eungi Choi, and Soonheon Hong. "Creation of Robust Design Alternatives for Temporary Construction in Value Engineering." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 142, no. 3 (March 2016): 04015086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001057.
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De Temmerman, Ir arch Niels, Marijke Mollaert, Ir arch Tom Van Mele, and Ir arch Lars De Laet. "Design and Analysis of a Foldable Mobile Shelter System." International Journal of Space Structures 22, no. 3 (September 2007): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026635107782218868.
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A concept for a mobile shelter is proposed, based on the geometry and kinematic behaviour of foldable plate structures. The folding pattern and the associated design parameters are discussed, along with their influence on the geometry and the kinematic behaviour. It is shown that the transition can be made from a foldable plate structure to a foldable bar structure, while retaining an identical kinematic behaviour. This is done by introducing custom-built joints for connecting the bars which allow the system to deploy in the desired way, maintaining the same D.O.F (degree of freedom) as the plate system. For the structure to be employable as a fully-fledged temporary space enclosure, a lightweight textile membrane is incorporated beforehand and deployed along with the bar structure.
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Adriaenssens, S. "Feasibility Study of Medium Span Spliced Spline Stressed Membranes." International Journal of Space Structures 23, no. 4 (November 2008): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026635108786959889.
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This papers examines the feasibility of 3 medium span (16m – 32m) spliced spline stressed membranes. Medium span slender arch systems have been used for canopy structures of stadia cladding such as the Gottlieb-Daimler Stadium. Lateral bracing by the membrane means that the arch can be slender and flexible. Flexibility and lightness fit in well with the design of pre-stressed structures that are themselves flexible and adjust to applied loads. The presented membrane structures are designed bearing in mind their deployability (as necessary for temporary tents) and offer a good simple alternative to medium span high maintenance pneumatics covering squash courts or swimming pools.
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Jury, R. D. "Strengthening of the Wellington Town Hall." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 26, no. 2 (June 30, 1993): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.26.2.185-191.
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The 'old' Wellington Town Hall has been refurbished and strengthened for earthquakes as part of the Wellington Civic Centre Development. The design outlined made maximum use of the existing brickwalls as shear walls and ensured that a load path was provided between all parts of the building and these. Careful sequencing of the demolition and construction works minimised the extent of temporary support works. In this manner a cost effective solution was achieved which enabled the entire project to be completed within a twelve month period in time for the 1992 International Arts Festival.
This paper describes aspects of the design and construction of the project.
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Łątka, Jerzy F., and Michał Święciak. "The Obverse/Reverse Pavilion: An Example of a Form-Finding Design of Temporary, Low-Cost, and Eco-Friendly Structure." Buildings 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060226.
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Temporary pavilions play an important role as experimental fields for architects, designers, and engineers, in addition to providing exhibition spaces. Novel structural and formal solutions applied in pavilions also can give them an unusual appearance that attracts the eyesight of spectators. In this article, the authors explore the possibility of combining structural novelty, visual attractiveness, and low cost in the design and construction of a temporary pavilion. For that purpose, an innovative structural system and design approach was applied, i.e., a membrane structure was designed in Rhino and Grasshopper environments with the use of the Kiwi!3D IsoGeometric analysis tool. The designed pavilion, named Obverse/Reverse, was built in Opole, Poland, for the occasion of World Architecture Day in July 2019. The design and the construction were performed by the authors in cooperation with students belonging to the Humanization of Urban Environment organization from the Faculty of Architecture Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. The resultant pavilion proved the potential of obtaining a low-budget but visually attractive architectural solution with the adaption of parametrical design tools and some scientific background with innovative structural systems.
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Tosic, Zlata, Sonja Krasic, and Dragoslav Stojic. "Constructive system of reciprocal frames in terms of contemporary architecture." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 16, no. 3 (2018): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace180620018t.
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In this paper, the reciprocal frame constructions are analyzed, starting from their definition, historical survey, to static and geometric characteristics, types and forms. Although very familiar for their shape, their earlier usage in contemporary architecture was not the same as at present. An overview of some of the more recent examples of conceptual solutions and derived pavilions has been established. These structures represent good example for temporary structures in a form of pavilions. Goal in this paper is to design a sample of a closed permanent building combining classical structural systems and RFs. The chosen geometry was predefined as regular in order to use its properties to determine if there is a possibility to form equal units. Finally, based on defined entities, the pavilion?s conceptual design was made using a parametric design in plug-in Grasshopper and Rhinoceros software.
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Ushakov, Vladislav, Artem Subbotin, and Dmitry Lisin. "Construction of modern and high-tech agricultural temporary vegetable storehouses." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.1.
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Introduction. This article addresses the question of existing problems of development of construction industry in agriculture. Outdated old construction technologies and building structures give a reason for optimization and introduction of modern technologies in agricultural production. The outdated technologies of agricultural construction have a negative impact on the position of agricultural industry in the world stage of trade and economy of countries, while optimization and inevitable modernization of agricultural production and construction allow securing a foothold in the world market. Aspiration to take the lead in the world market is one of the most important tasks of agricultural industry. The agricultural industry also plays an oversize role in human life and the health, efficiency, development and activity of citizens depend directly on the quality of products delivered to the shop windows. This scope of research of this article is a comparison of traditional, temporary, field vegetable storehouses operating in winter time with modern technology of construction of these facilities in terms of technology, efficiency, environmental friendliness, mobility, availability, functionality and profitability. Materials and methods. In the course of this work, the following research methods were used: familiarization with the relevant statutes and regulations related to the study area, comparison of traditional and modern methods of vegetable storage in the field environment during the winter period and identification of the main advantages and disadvantages. Results. The positive and negative sides of the design and methods of construction of modern and traditional outdated technology have been revealed, as well as optimization of construction solutions necessary to ensure conditions for maintaining the quality of products in due form. Conclusions. Modern construction concepts and development of agricultural construction is an important area that allows provoking the trend of economic growth of countries, to take a leading position in the world market, to improve the quality of life of citizens, to improve the ecological system of the area and develop business activities.
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Wang, Tsung-Hsien, Olivia Espinosa Trujillo, Wen-Shao Chang, and Bailin Deng. "Encoding bamboo’s nature for freeform structure design." International Journal of Architectural Computing 15, no. 2 (June 2017): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077117714943.
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Bamboo is a construction material that is renewable, environmentally friendly and widely available. It has long been used in various projects, ranging from temporary, easily assembled and rectilinear structures to complex freeform pavilions. Design with bamboo has never been easy to architects and engineers due to its irregular shape and round section. This prompts the need to develop a new design process that can accommodate those properties that hinder bamboo to be used by designers. In this article, we take a close look at freeform structure design and specifically demonstrate how systematically and algorithmically parametric modelling can be used to tackle bamboo material irregularities and bamboo jointing challenges. A two-stage optimization process is proposed to support a fabricable freeform structure design through encoding material properties and freeform shape optimization. The approach approximates the given freeform shape using a finite set of unique bamboo elements while maintaining the aesthetic design intention. By limiting the number of bamboo elements, it will provide insight to both designers and engineers on the efficiency and cost benefits of producing required structure elements for the final assembly.
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Le, Phuoc Luong, Thien-My Dao, and Amin Chaabane. "BIM-based framework for temporary facility layout planning in construction site." Construction Innovation 19, no. 3 (July 7, 2019): 424–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2018-0052.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose an innovative building information modelling (BIM)-based framework for multi-objective and dynamic temporary construction site layout design (SLD), which uses a hybrid approach of systematic layout planning (SLP) and mathematical modelling. Design/methodology/approach The hybrid approach, which follows a step-by-step process for site layout planning, is designed to facilitate both qualitative and quantitative data collection and processing. BIM platform is usedto facilitate the determination of the required quantitative data, while the qualitative data are generated through knowledge-based rules. Findings The multi-objective layout model represents two important aspects: layout cost and adjacency score. The result shows that the model meets construction managers’ requirements in not only saving cost but also assuring the preferences of temporary facility relationships. This implies that the integration of SLP and mathematical layout modelling is an appropriate approach to deliver practical multi-objective SLD solutions. Research limitations/implications The proposed framework is expected to serve as a solution, for practical application, which takes the advantage of technologies in data collection and processing. Besides, this paper demonstrates, by using numerical experimentation and applying Microsoft Excel Solver for site layout optimisation, how to reduce the complexity in mathematical programming for construction managers. Originality/value The original contribution of this paper is the attempt of developing a framework in which all data used for the site layout modelling are collected and processed using a systematic approach, instead of being predetermined, as in many previous studies.
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Vereecken, Eline, Wouter Botte, Didier Droogné, and Robby Caspeele. "Reliability-based calibration of partial factors for the design of temporary scaffold structures." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 16, no. 4 (October 8, 2019): 642–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1670214.
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SHEKASTEHBAND, B., and K. ABEDI. "DYNAMIC PROPAGATION OF SNAP-THROUGH BUCKLING IN TENSEGRITY STRUCTURES." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 14, no. 01 (December 17, 2013): 1350049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500491.
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Tensegrity structures under certain conditions may be prone to snap-through buckling. The temporary loss of equilibrium due to snap-through normally results in a dynamic force being applied to each node associated with the snap-through. This paper presents a numerical study on the progressive collapse behavior of tensegrity structures due to the buckling of struts. Emphasis is given to the dynamic nature of the coupled member and nodal snap-through effects on the overall structural behavior. Member buckling is taken into consideration by carefully following the buckling load–displacement response of the member. It is assumed that the structure is subjected only to static gravitational load. Results of the present study allow one to assess the effects of various design parameters such as self-stress levels, effective-length factor of struts and damping characteristics on the propagation of snap-through buckling in these structures. The conclusions, drawn from this study, lead to the suggestion of some guidelines and recommendations for the design of such structures.
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Dolganov, Andrey I. "The reliability of steel-concrete beams in the process of reconstruction." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.4.1.
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Introduction. The author solves a number of problems, including the substantiation of the required reliability level for steel-concrete beams in a reconstructed building, design parameters applicable to steel-concrete beams, use of probabilistic methods in the reliability assessment of steel-concrete beams, and reliability assessment of steel-concrete beams. Materials and methods. The engineering data, used in the reliability analysis, included steel beam examination and testing results, obtained by the Koucherenko Central Research and Development Institute of Steel Structures in 2017. The analysis was performed for the cases that took account of or failed to take account of the behaviour of a cast-in-plaсe reinforced concrete floor slab. A method of statistic simulation has proven that the probability values of snow loads set for Moscow by Construction regulations 20.13330.2016 are far below the true ones. This discrepancy reduces the reliability of the contour beams of the construction facility analyzed in this article. Results. B-12, B-45, B-49 and B-61 types of beams were used to compare the testing results with probabilistic calculations. Selected calculation results are provided in the article. An 8 mm deflection, caused by the temporary design load of 2.4 kN/m2 ensures the normal operation of a structure with a probability of 0.9973. Conclusions. A comparison between experimentally and analytically obtained deflection values has proven that the design model must have steel-concrete beams, rather than steel ones. Whenever a building structure is designed, its reliability level must be identified. The reliability of structures, having any criticality rating, depends on the values of the resistance probability in terms of their construction materials and the loads applied to them. Contour steel-concrete beams comply with the technology requirements and reliability values pre-set in the project documentation. Calculation results are validated by their convergence with the experimental data. Probabilistic methods should become a must in structural design. This measure can reduce the risk of failure or cut project costs.
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Myniv, R. M. "Modern technologies of equipping of animal husbandry rooms." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 92 (May 8, 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9210.
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Modern technologies for the construction of livestock rooms, inexpensive foundations, short construction time, low material capacity of the building, the possibility of using a leasing payment scheme are factors that will minimize construction costs. At much lower initial cost, frame and awning livestock rooms pay off much faster than capital buildings, with the construction of livestock rooms cost 3–5 times cheaper. The standard hangar designs are versatile and versatile. The form determines the amount of working space inside the hangar, depending on the purpose of the operation. Width standard up to 30 m. Length – proportional, step between arches 3 m. They are tent, arched and straight. Frame and awning hangars up to 1500 square meters, m. are considered to be high-speed mobile structures of temporary type. No permits are required for their construction. There is no need for the construction of the foundation, the involvement of large machinery. Despite the “temporary type”, metal construction is reliable. Construction is carried out according to the developed design standards – SP 384.1325800.2018. If necessary, the awning membrane can be easily and quickly repaired or replaced with a new one after 10–15 years. The most effective way to insulate a hangar today is to insulate it by spraying polyurethane foam. Depending on the technological scheme of installation of equipment of livestock premises, the required number, size and location of the farm gate is determined. The ends of the livestock premises are equipped with swing gates for the entry of transport, distributing feed to the feeding table, the gates can be awning or metal, sectional, recoil or swing. At the request of the customer can be designed passages for pushing. In order to reduce electricity consumption for heating purposes and to save money on electricity, we propose to equip the heating system of frame and awning hangars with another source of heat supply – a heat pump. To reduce electricity costs for heating radiators, it is necessary to install thermostatic valves at the rate of one valve per radiator. The electric power of the heat pump with a minimum conversion factor (KP) will be 12.5 kW. Electricity costs for circulation of such volume of a brine at resistance of 8 m make about 0,5 kW. Energy savings when using a heat pump in monetary terms at an electricity tariff of 193.28 kopecks. without VAT for 1 kW. year will be 59976 × 193.28 = 115.922 thousand UAH without VAT.
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Kokawa, Tsutomu. "Ice shell construction in Hokkaido of Japan during 1980–2012." International Journal of Space Structures 36, no. 1 (March 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956059920981867.
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This paper summarizes research and development of an ice shell construction carried out in inland Hokkaido of Japan from 1980 to 2012.The ice shell is made of thin-walled curved ice plate and constructed according to the following method. (1) Building up a three-dimensional formwork by inflating a two-dimensional membrane bag covered with ropes anchored to the snow-ice foundation ring. (2) Covering the formwork with a thin saturated snow layer of less than 1 cm thickness by blowing milled snow with a rotary snow blower and spraying water with an adjustable nozzle, and letting it freeze naturally at temperatures below −10°C. (3) Repeating (2) until shell thickness reaches to the design thickness, then removing the bag and ropes for reuse. A number of ice shells were constructed as temporary winter structures while improving the construction technique through the repeated construction experiences. Based on the field experiments of 10–30 m ice domes (“ Xm ice dome” means the ice dome constructed by using Xm diameter of circular membrane bag in the formwork before inflation) which measured the deflection and temperature under long term period after the completion and further observed the behavior of the collapse, it was recognized that understanding the creep behavior is extremely important for evaluating the structural safety of the ice shell.
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Arslan, Hakan. "Re-design, re-use and recycle of temporary houses." Building and Environment 42, no. 1 (January 2007): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.032.
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Lozano-Galant, Jose Antonio, Lidia Ruiz-Ripoll, Ignacio Payá-Zaforteza, and José Turmo. "Modifications of the stress-state of cable-stayed bridges due to staggered construction of their superstructure." BALTIC JOURNAL OF ROAD AND BRIDGE ENGINEERING 9, no. 4 (February 20, 2014): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2014.30.
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In current practice, the effects of the evolutionary erection of cable-stayed bridge superstructure are rarely included into the simulation of its tensioning process. In fact, stay forces in service are usually defined in early stages of design, when the construction process has not even been conceived in detail yet. In order to fill this gap, the effects of the evolutionary erection of cable-stayed bridge superstructure throughout the tensioning process are studied in this paper. This study is focused on steel cable-stayed bridges erected on temporary supports. For the very first time a new criterion to include the effects of the evolutionary erection of cable-stayed bridges into the definition of the stay forces in the service state is presented.
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Mongiardini, Mario, Ronald K. Faller, John D. Reid, Dave Meggers, Moni G. El-Aasar, and Jerry D. Plunkett. "Design and Testing of a Concrete Safety Barrier for Use on a Temporary FRP Composite Bridge Deck." Journal of Bridge Engineering 18, no. 11 (November 2013): 1198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000407.
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SOUSA, M. O., N. S. SANTOS, R. L. PEREIRA, P. C. R. MARTINS, and L. J. PEDROSO. "Influence of the placement rate on the fresh concrete lateral pressure in the design of formworks." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 11, no. 3 (May 2018): 499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952018000300004.
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Abstract The fresh concrete lateral pressure generates a load that has great influence in the design of the formworks of columns, walls and lateral faces of the beams.Its prediction must be performed in such a way in order to approach precisely well over the rate values supported by the formworks, avoiding, therefore, the oversizing or undersizing of these temporary structures which represent up to 12% of the total cost of the construction. The calculation of the lateral pressure that fresh concrete exerts on the formworks involves several variables; one of them is the placement rate. The main objective of this work was to study the influence of the placement rate, in situ, on the lateral pressure of fresh concrete calculated from theoretical models presented by norms and international references. For this purpose, measurements of the placement rate were conducted on columns of five building work places at Goiânia city, Goiás, Brazil and it was calculated the maximum pressure supported by their respective formworks from the dimensions and spans between the supports of the components that constituted them. The obtained results indicate that the placement rate in the field observations reach 249 m/h, exceeding the values limited by the theoretical methods of calculation, and that the lateral pressure estimation produced from the placement rate measured in situ exceed the maximum values supported by the formworks up to 604 times. Thus, it was concluded that it is necessary to adjust equations to estimate the lateral pressure of fresh concrete at high rate of concrete placement, according to the current practices in the construction market.
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Preston, Steven J., and Lawrence C. Bank. "Portals to an Architecture: Design of a temporary structure with paper tube arches." Construction and Building Materials 30 (May 2012): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.019.
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Sýkora, Jan, Michal Hacaperka, Jiří Lukeš, and Stanislav Rosenthal. "Reconstruction of the Reinforced-Concrete Railway Bridge in km 3,668 – Argentinská of the Track Bubeneč – Holešovice in Prague." Advanced Materials Research 1106 (June 2015): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1106.191.
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This article provides a brief review of a reconstruction of the railway bridge in kilometer 3,668 of the railway-track Prague Bubeneč – Prague Holešovice. Specifically, the object is a 10-span reinforced-concrete slab bridge of spans app. 10x 20m carrying two railway-tracks. The reconstruction comprised of a superstructure waterproofing replacement, reconstruction or replacement of cornices and bridge seat at abutment O2 and replacement of all bearings and expansion joints.The bridge’s operation had to be maintained during reconstruction so replacement of bearings and expansion joints was carried out on an uplifted superstructure. Reconstruction of upper part (cornices, waterproofing and expansion joints) was conducted transversally by halves of bridge so operation was maintained at least on one of the railway-tracks.During the process, after consulted with SŽDC, some technical aspects of the original technical documentation from 2008 were changed according to an actual in-situ conditions and contractor demands. These changes involved a design of new cornices and a significant reduction in a number of temporary supports so the structures had to be analyzed for the temporary construction states again. After completing all works on bridge deck and enabling operation of both tracks, the bridge reconstruction continued with reconstruction of the superstructure’s bottom face and existing parts of substructure including building-up of new pile caps.
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Seo, Ji Hye, Deok Hee Won, Woo Sun Park, and Seung Jun Kim. "Buckling Behavior of Circular Steel Tubes under Fire." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.270.
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Recently, several lives were lost because of the collapse of structures under fire. Steel members are mainly used in the columns and beams of buildings for improving construction efficiency. The fire resistance of steel structure is very important because when it don’t have fire resistive covering, it rapidly changes with high temperature. In fire resistance design of steel, steel structure must have fire resistive covering. But many facilities as temporary facilities, parking lot don’t have it. The buckling behavior of steel structures under fire is also significant because it can cause local buckling failure through the reduction in structural material properties by temperature. In this study, the elastic buckling behavior of a circular steel tube under fire was investigated using finite element analysis. The parameters for this analysis used were, diameter–thickness ratio, fire exposure area, and fire scenarios. The elastic buckling strength of circular steel tube rapidly decreased when subjected to the fire curve. Local buckling occurred and this can lead to global failure. When fire resistance design of circular steel tube was performed, buckling behavior must be considered.
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Bardell, N. S., D. Brown, P. D. Shearn, D. P. Turner, J. R. Longbourne, and R. J. Traxson. "The Development of MURJ-3D: A Modular, Universal, Re-Configurable Joint for 3-D Space Frame Applications." International Journal of Space Structures 12, no. 2 (June 1997): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119701200204.
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Currently available joints used for constructing 3-D lattice space-frames effectively prescribe the geometry of the resulting framework and favour regular, repetitive structural geometric forms; to embrace more general geometric forms requires costly, individually-tailored, joints to be made. This paper describes a new, modular, universal, reconfigurable, joint (MURJ-3D) which has been designed specifically to overcome such problems, and hence to permit the construction of both regular and irregular framework geometries with equal facility. Each MURJ-3D acts as a structural node in any general 3-D space-frame by joining together a large number of lattice members whose longitudinal axes all coincide at a point in space. The exact number of lattice members that can be attached to a single MURJ-3D is not specified, but the capacity of the joint is such that the number of available connections is likely to exceed the maximum number of members required in any given application. The location of the connections is, for all practical purposes, infinitely variable over the surface of a sphere. The MURJ-3D is designed to permit subsequent full reconfiguration of the framework member geometry, including the addition and/or removal of individual members; its application to temporary structures, or those requiring in-situ erection, is particularly germane. The concept presented here is validated using a design, build and test schedule, which clearly demonstrates the general efficacy of the joint.
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Phonekeo, Sulisay, Nathan Mlot, Daria Monaenkova, David L. Hu, and Craig Tovey. "Fire ants perpetually rebuild sinking towers." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 7 (July 2017): 170475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170475.
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In the aftermath of a flood, fire ants, Solenopsis invicta , cluster into temporary encampments. The encampments can contain hundreds of thousands of ants and reach over 30 ants high. How do ants build such tall structures without being crushed? In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the shape and rate of construction of ant towers around a central support. The towers are bell shaped, consistent with towers of constant strength such as the Eiffel tower, where each element bears an equal load. However, unlike the Eiffel tower, the ant tower is built through a process of trial and error, whereby failed portions avalanche until the final shape emerges. High-speed and novel X-ray videography reveal that the tower constantly sinks and is rebuilt, reminiscent of large multicellular systems such as human skin. We combine the behavioural rules that produce rafts on water with measurements of adhesion and attachment strength to model the rate of growth of the tower. The model correctly predicts that the growth rate decreases as the support diameter increases. This work may inspire the design of synthetic swarms capable of building in vertical layers.
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Yi, Chaojue, and Ming Lu. "A mixed-integer linear programming approach for temporary haul road design in rough-grading projects." Automation in Construction 71 (November 2016): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.022.
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Borg Costanzi, C., Z. Y. Ahmed, H. R. Schipper, F. P. Bos, U. Knaack, and R. J. M. Wolfs. "3D Printing Concrete on temporary surfaces: The design and fabrication of a concrete shell structure." Automation in Construction 94 (October 2018): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.06.013.
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Juozapaitis, Algirdas, Tomas Merkevičius, Alfonsas Daniūnas, Romas Kliukas, Giedrė Sandovič, and Ona Lukoševičienė. "Analysis of innovative two-span suspension bridges." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.34.
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Recently, two-span, or the so-called single pylon suspension bridges, due to their constructing structure, have been widely applied. A reduction in deformation seems to be the main problem of the behaviour and design of such bridges. The deformation of suspension bridges is mainly determined by cable kinematic displacements caused by temporary loadings rather than by elastic deformations. Not all known methods for the stabilization of the initial form of suspension bridges are suitable for single pylon bridges. The employment of the so-called rigid cables that increase the general stiffness of the suspension bridge appears to be one of the innovative methods for stabilizing the initial form of single pylon suspension bridges. Rigid cables are designed from standard steel profiles and, compared to the common ones made of spiral and parallel wires, are more resistant to corrosion. Moreover, the construction joints, in terms of fabrication and installation, have a simpler form. However, calculation methods for such single pylon suspension bridges with rigid cables are not sufficiently prepared. Only single publications on the analysis of the behaviour of one or three-span suspension bridges with rigid cables have been available so far. The paper presents analytical expressions to calculate the displacements and internal forces of suspension bridges with rigid cables thus assessing the sequence of cable installation. Also, the paper describes the sequence of iterative calculation.
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An, Yonghui, Yue Zhong, Yanbin Tan, and Jinping Ou. "Experimental and numerical studies on a test method for damage diagnosis of stay cables." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216659927.
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To diagnose the state of stay cables, a vibration-based model-free damage diagnosis method of stay cables using the changes in natural frequencies is further proposed and validated. The structural frequency is rapidly and easily acquired; moreover, it is simple and reliable for damage diagnosis. The frequency would change after the stay cable is damaged, so the frequency change could be used as the damage index. However, the stay cables are very long in long-span cable-stayed bridges, and their frequencies are very small; the frequency change due to small damage of the stay cable would be submerged by the surrounding noise and error of parameter identification process. A temporary diagonal steel bar–based method is used to solve this issue. The steel bar is installed with one end on the stay cable close to the bottom anchor head and the other end on the bridge deck; thus, the stay cable is divided into a short part and a long part by the steel bar. The frequency of a stay cable with a given tension force increases with the decrease in its length; according to the qualitative analysis, the frequency of the short part increases dramatically, and the local frequency change of the short part due to the same damage in the whole stay cable is amplified dramatically; thus, the small damage of a stay cable can be diagnosed easily. Numerical simulations of a stay cable selected from a cable-stayed bridge and a laboratorial stay cable are used to validate the method and also give a recommended rule for design of the temporary diagonal steel bar; experimental validation has also been conducted. All the results indicate that the proposed method works very well in damage diagnosis of stay cables. The proposed method is an output-only, model-free, fast and economical damage diagnosis method for stay cables.
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Kahkonen, Kalle. "Role and nature of systemic innovations in construction and real estate sector." Construction Innovation 15, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-12-2014-0055.
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Purpose – The paper aims to clarify the role of systemic innovations and the subsequent profound change these can have on the construction and real estate sectors. Systemic innovation as a concept has an inherent capability for viewing factors, actors and conditions as a system or several systems. This has a direct relevance in construction and real estate sector where operations are composed of temporary and continual networks of stakeholders and where the end products can be understood as systems. Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds additional viewpoints and interpretations on some recently completed research where sector wide innovation aspects and challenges have been studied. Two doctoral dissertations supervised by the author and an action research effort where innovative cellular building products were developed and implemented are presented. Findings – The paper provides insights about systemic innovations in the construction and real estate sectors. It presents research topics that explain further what is required for having successful systemic innovations. Research limitations/implications – This is a synthesis paper. The presented viewpoints and interpretations can be used as starting points for research, development and innovation actions. Practical implications – The paper presents starting points for companies and other service providers targeting new innovative products which have systemic implications. Originality/value – This paper explains the need and challenges of systemic innovations in the construction and real estate sectors.
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Li, Heng, Greg Chan, Martin Skitmore, and Ting Huang. "A 4D automatic simulation tool for construction resource planning: a case study." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 22, no. 5 (September 21, 2015): 536–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2014-0093.
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Purpose – Traditional construction planning relies upon the critical path method and bar charts. Both of these methods suffer from visualization and timing issues that could be addressed by 4D technology specifically geared to meet the needs of the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new construction planning approach based on simulation by using a game engine. Design/methodology/approach – A 4D automatic simulation tool was developed and a case study was carried out. The proposed tool was used to simulate and optimize the plans for the installation of a temporary platform for piling in a civil construction project in Hong Kong. The tool simulated the result of the construction process with three variables: equipment, site layout and schedule. Through this, the construction team was able to repeatedly simulate a range of options. Findings – The results indicate that the proposed approach can provide a user-friendly 4D simulation platform for the construction industry. The simulation can also identify the solution being sought by the construction team. The paper also identifies directions for further development of the 4D technology as an aid in construction planning and decision making. Research limitations/implications – The tests on the tool are limited to a single case study and further research is needed to test the use of game engines for construction planning in different construction projects to verify its effectiveness. Future research could also explore the use of alternative game engines and compare their performance and results. Originality/value – The authors proposed the use of game engine to simulate the construction process based on resources, working space and construction schedule. The developed tool can be used by end-users without simulation experience.
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Chang-Richards, Yan, Suzanne Wilkinson, Erica Seville, and David Brunsdon. "Effects of a major disaster on skills shortages in the construction industry." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2014-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effects of a major disaster on the management of human resources in the construction sector. It sets out to identify the construction skills challenges and the factors that affected skills availability following the 2010/2011 earthquakes in Christchurch. It is hoped that this study will provide insights for on-going reconstruction and future disaster response with respect to the problem of skills shortages. Design/methodology/approach A triangulation method was adopted. The quantitative method, namely, a questionnaire survey, was employed to provide a baseline description. Field observations and interviews were used as a follow-up to ascertain issues and potential shortages over time. Three focus groups in the form of research workshops were convened to gain further insight into the feedback and to investigate the validity and applicability of the research findings. Findings The earthquakes in Christchurch had compounded the pre-existing skills shortages in the country due to heightened demand from reconstruction. Skills shortages primarily existed in seismic assessment and design for land and structures, certain trades, project management and site supervision. The limited technical capability available nationally, shortage of temporary accommodation to house additional workers, time needed for trainees to become skilled workers, lack of information about reconstruction workloads and lack of operational capacity within construction organisations, were critical constraints to the resourcing of disaster recovery projects. Research limitations/implications The research findings contribute to the debate on skills issues in construction. The study provides evidence that contributes to an improved understanding of the industry’s skills vulnerability and emerging issues that would likely exist after a major disaster in a resource-limited country such as New Zealand. Practical implications From this research, decision makers and construction organisations can gain a clear direction for improving the construction capacity and capability for on-going reconstruction. Factors that affected the post-earthquake skills availability can be considered by decision makers and construction organisations in their workforce planning for future disaster events. The recommendations will assist them in addressing skills shortages for on-going reconstruction. Originality/value Although the study is country-specific, the findings show the nature and scale of skills challenges the construction industry is likely to face following a major disaster, and the potential issues that may compound skills shortages. It provides lessons for other disaster-prone countries where the resource pool is small and a large number of additional workers are needed to undertake reconstruction.
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Su, Bin. "Energy Efficiency Design for a House with Temporary Heating and Winter Daytime Cross Ventilation." International Journal of Ventilation 8, no. 2 (September 2009): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2006.11683836.
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Liu, Chang, and Ming Lu. "Optimizing Earthmoving Job Planning Based on Evaluation of Temporary Haul Road Networks Design for Mass Earthworks Projects." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 141, no. 3 (March 2015): 04014082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000940.
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Hosseini, S. M. Amin, Reza Yazdani, and Albert de la Fuente. "Multi-objective interior design optimization method based on sustainability concepts for post-disaster temporary housing units." Building and Environment 173 (April 2020): 106742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106742.
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Savina, I. "MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE BUILDINGS AND COMPLEXES." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-6-45-51.
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The establishment of innovative facilities took a long way, therefore the existing innovative infrastructure is diverse. Despite the huge number of different types of architectural structures of innovative orientation, it is possible to track and identify similar areas of creation and operation of such objects. Buildings and complexes of innovative activity represent the association of high-tech firms for the purpose of their economic growth in research and production facilities, which are located on the same territory. The main functions of the newly formed research and production facilities are: the development of information transfer technology between companies-residents of research and production facilities; assistance in the creation and development of new forms and types of innovative facilities; provision of temporary ownership and use of premises and territories for small and medium-sized businesses; organization of interaction between educational institutions and the business community in order to implement joint research activities necessary for technological development. The article considers the current trends in the development and formation of buildings and complexes of innovative purpose in the context of technological progress and socio-economic changes, based on the analysis of the experience of design and construction of this type of objects, as well as the study of scientific literature. It is concluded that the identified trends can be recommended for improving the innovation infrastructure in the region.
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Lædre, Ola, Jardar Lohne, and Tore Haugen. "Internal rent – experiences from public sector in Norway." Facilities 34, no. 1/2 (February 1, 2016): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-04-2014-0038.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of introducing internal rent and to find the main success factors when introducing internal rent. Design/methodology/approach – This paper’s analysis is based on experience from the introduction of internal rent models within four major Norwegian public organisations. The experience is documented after 19 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders representing the client organisations, property management and tenants. Findings – The major advantage consist in that internal rent compels the different users to discipline concerning the use of space and make them adapt their use to fit the real needs and demand for space suited for their primary activities. The main disadvantage of internal rent consists in the temporary organisational noise that results from the introduction and the permanent extra bureaucratic burden it causes. The success factors for introduction of internal rent are: the users need to perceive the model as of real importance, the property management must take in enough funds to assure reliable maintenance and the client needs to avoid that the tenants think the model is constructed to seize funds. Originality/value – The authors discuss a market-orientated approach to property management, namely, introducing internal rent models. It is more than a decade ago since internal rent was first introduced in the analysed public organisations. Now it is possible to identify the success factors – related to the advantages and disadvantages – from this introduction.
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Shumak, Ljudmila. "ENGINEERING LABOUR MARKET IN CONSTRUCTION IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-4-23.
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The purpose of the article is to analyse the engineering labour market on the example of the profession of design engineer in modern conditions of the construction market in Ukraine and abroad. It is also necessary to study the formation of the integrated view of the structure, state and dynamics of the labour market in design enterprises; qualification requirements for engineers; compliance of the vocational education system with these requirements. Design is a type of labour activity in construction as a branch of professional activity. The article contains statistical indicators of wages that characterize the profession of design engineer, and innovative activities of design enterprises. The indicator of the level of innovative development of design enterprises is the quality of products (projects). One of the main characteristics of design is the price of the product. It includes the Customer’s assessment of all other design properties. Pricing issues have been and continue to be one of the guiding problems of the country’s construction industry, including design and the salaries of design engineers. Methodology. The design market in Ukraine has a situation that reflects the overall state of the construction industry. The development of this type of business and its participants is differently influenced by many factors. Project market participants in Ukraine can be classified: by the form of ownership – state departmental institutions and commercial structures; by the volume of work – design enterprises and design institutes that act as general designers, who mainly perform all stages of the project. Architectural workshops, mainly specializing in the stages of “sketch project” and “project”; design departments at the construction and assembly organizations performing stages “working design”, “working documentation”, separate sections of projects or only detailing for production. There were about 70 design enterprises and about 200 architectural workshops in Kyiv in 2016, according to the Association of Design Enterprises. The potential of Ukraine as a “technical” state, that is able to solve complex problems and generate complex solutions and products with high added value, is due to the potential of the educational field of technical direction. Accordingly, in 2016 in Ukraine, the relative number of graduates of technical specialties was 2 times more than in the UK or Poland, namely, in European countries, thousands of people: Ukraine – 130; France – 105; Germany – 93; Turkey – 75; Great Britain – 71; Poland – 66; Spain – 56; Italy – 48; Romania – 39. In 2015-2016, training in the fields of construction specialties in Ukraine was carried out by 49 higher education institutions. Today, one of the shortcomings of education is the lack of modern curricula; technical fields are getting excessively humanitarian and detachment from practice, in particular, the application of European standards. Some Western academic subjects are not taught in Ukrainian universities at all, which reduces the competitiveness of graduates. Certification of responsible executors of design works in construction in 2012 was a significant step towards the liberalization of the market of design services. The responsibility of engineers was personified and strengthened, but at the same time their object and financial possibilities were increased. As of December 2015, more than 22,000 design engineers have been certified in Ukraine. It can be stated that for the period 2016-2019, a fairly developed market of design services has been formed in Ukraine. Its key features are the attraction to large cities, diversification by specialties and grounds on the existing, including the Soviet, experience, as well as concentration and duplication of functions, in particular, design institutes by the commercial sector, etc. Significant potential is due to intellectual capacity, diversity of tasks and the accumulated practice of Ukrainian designers, which provides certain advantages in the international market of design services. Today, the customer is moving away from design technologies, which means that the designer’s work must be built in such a way that the customer understands the need for investment at the design stage of the facility, taking into account further operation. The lack of design and the need to revise salaries affects the value of real estate. The lack of engineers affects the organization of construction and the market as a whole. Increasing the salaries of design engineers, creating more favourable working conditions lead to an increase in the cost of construction work from 9 to 15%. Understanding the difficulties faced by the design industry, it is logical to think about the ways to overcome them in the near future. Conclusion. Nowadays, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis of the engineering labour market in construction allows to understand the innovative activity of the project enterprise and to mark the course of further development of the market of design services in Ukraine. Reducing unhealthy competition among designers is possible due to new approaches to work aimed at optimizing and improving the performance of design companies. Stories of design engineers having to leave their favourite profession to make a living are a thing of the past. Now it is a prestigious and profitable speciality. To be relevant in the profession, you must, first of all, learn foreign languages, read technical literature in English. Self-education, i.e. the ability to independently search and analyse information, to develop oneself as a specialist, is of great importance. High erudition is a quality possessed by the Soviet-era engineers and often lacking in many modern design engineers. At the same time, it is of great importance because the building is a single organism, and the design engineer must understand not only construction, but also related fields. The main feature that distinguishes a design engineer is a certain mindset. And the work must be highly paid for this. Considering the issue of the engineering labour market in Ukraine, it is safe to say that there are temporary professions that are in vogue, and there are those that will always be in demand, and the profession of design engineer is one of them.
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Harshitha, M. N., and S. Vivek. "Affordable Roofing System with Square and Rectangular Dome Panels." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 2941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2330.
Full textAbstract:
Affordable roofing is a word, which refers to residence units or habitation units whose prices are assumed/expected to be affordable or economical to a category of community with an identified remuneration limit or scale. Structural roofs are taken in to computation for considerable or valuable price of building in ordinary condition. Thus some savings accomplished in roofing operation or roofing system, significantly decreases the price of the structural units or building unit. In India, BMTPC (Building material and technology promotion council) and HUDCO ( Housing and urban development corporation limited) are the main tow organization or council who have been advertising or promoting appropriate building material and construction technologies in different territory or division of the country. In this roofing, systemized, standardized, advanced roofing units or parts have been used to avoid the temporary structures like shuttering. Hence, the roofing will be economical and progress of work is fast which ensures better in quality. Even though the studies, experiments or researching on this affordable roofing system as not been completely utilized as in other sector or region, a concentrated examination or exploration is to be done to verify the prefabricated roofing which would change the common roofing procedure. The major requisite of choosing affordable roofing system is to develop or advance the rapidity in construction and to decrease the price. In the current work, staadpro software is used for designing the precast RCC roofs and analysis of joist by analytical study using the finite element method. The outcomes which manifest the satisfactory volume of price or cost depletion for various set of panels. In this design, we have considered two least dimensions of 0.5m and 0.75m panels. The aspect ratios which is varying from 1 to 2 and the price depletion is of 0.4% to 9.4% for the least dimension of 0.5m panels. Likewise aspect ratio varying from 1 to 2 with a price depletion from 19.7% to 34.7% for a least dimensions of 0.75m panel size. As the size of the panels increases it becomes cost effective. The preferred roofing system was found to be more cost beneficial as compared with regular RCC roofing system with the increase in dimension of the slab. The roofing system is designed considering M20 concrete and fe415 steel. The beam system panels are precasted and can be easily placed in the position. 3 to 5 masons are enough to easily handle the loads of panels and primary, secondary beam because of weights of panels are less as compare to Conventional slabs. The affordable roofing systems requires lesser time for construction when compare to conventional RCC slab. The major advantage of this roofing is that false roofing works is not required for the dome shaped portion. This dome shaped portion sealing gives good attractive or decorative appearance. The cost analysis made between conventional roofing system and proposed roofing system indicates a cost reduction or depletion of 40% when compare to RCC slab of same size.