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1
Bronevizky, A. P. "TEMPORARY REINFORCEMENT OF STRUCTURES FOR BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION." Science & Technique 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2017-16-2-137-143.
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Sim, David Gyuhyeon. "Regulation of Extension for Temporary Buildings." Construction & Urban Development Law Association, no. 11 (March 25, 2024): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/cudla.20240003.
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While the Building Act includes a separate provision (Article 20) for temporary buildings, distinct from (permanent) buildings, it does not offer a formal definition for these temporary constructions. As a result, there arises an interpretational challenge in distinguishing between temporary buildings and buildings. The commonly accepted perspective defines temporary buildings as structures that do not satisfy the criterion of “fixed on land,” one of the requirements for a building stipulated under Article 2 of the Building Act. However, the requirement of “fixed on land” cannot be uniformly evaluated based on a single standard; instead, it necessitates a comprehensive assessment considering factors such as scale, form, structure, materials, and purpose. Consequently, and practically, there may be instances where temporary buildings, which were initially not “fixed on land,” acquire this requirement as a result of expansion. It is obvious that building permits or notifications are required when extending temporary buildings to construct (permanent) buildings. However, further consideration is necessary regarding the content and scope of such permits or notifications. If the structure resulting from extending a temporary building satisfies all the requirements for a (permanent) building, the physical changes before and after the extension would constitute an extension under the Building Act, but in terms of granting building permissibility (“건축허용성”), the extension is comparable to a new construction and therefore should be treated the same as a new construction under the Building Act. Nevertheless, the fact that a building permit for a new construction is required to extend a temporary building does not necessarily imply that “constructing a (permanent) building through extending a temporary building” is not permissible.
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Keller, Thomas. "Temporary Structures: An Introduction." Structural Engineering International 14, no. 4 (November 2004): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686604777963586.
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Için, Helin, and Görün Arun. "Temporary Shoring System on Masonry Buildings After an Earthquake." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022109.
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Abstract Historical masonry structures that make up the cultural assets of a country constitute the identity of the society to which it belongs. For this reason, it should be protected and should be transferred from generation to generation. Earthquakes are threatening action to masonry structures. The force generated by the ground movement may cause shear cracks in masonry structures that may lead to fragmentation and even collapse of the structure. It is necessary to know the earthquake behaviour of masonry structures to be able to apply appropriate temporary shoring system after a damage caused by earthquake in order to prevent the future damages during aftershocks. Thus, the progress of the damages in the building is prevented and it is ensured to survive until detailed investigation or restoration. However, when the applied temporary shoring system designs were examined, the environmental conditions of the building were not taken into account in any guideline on immediate shoring. In this paper, temporary shoring system for 3 traditional houses of Bey District is designed for possible earthquake damages. This district has many registered civil architectures lined side by side along very narrow streets. Some masonry buildings were changed to reinforced concrete with multiple floors. This study includes the registration status of the buildings, their location, the number of floors to be supported, the heights between floors, the height of the forces that can be brought by the adjacent building elements, the width of the street where the facade to be supported, whether there is a window or door opening in the facade to be supported etc. If there are window or door openings, the distances of the opening to the corner points of the building and the distances between the two openings has to be recorded. According to these determinations, possible damages that may occur in the buildings are defined and a temporary shoring system is designed in accordance with the buildings and the surrounding conditions.
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Sampaio, Alcínia Zita, Gonçalo B. Constantino, and Nuno M. Almeida. "8D BIM Model in Urban Rehabilitation Projects: Enhanced Occupational Safety for Temporary Construction Works." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 10577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010577.
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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a relevant booster to the modernization of construction. The adoption of digital technologies positively contributes to more agile and integrated processes in all phases of the building life-cycle, namely with regard to project management activities. The implementation of BIM has been predominant in new building projects, but the current market cycle of the rehabilitation or refurbishing of existing buildings offers new opportunities of application to be explored. This paper explores such opportunities, namely with regard to the temporary construction works involved in urban rehabilitation projects with the preservation of the façades of the original buildings. It specifically addresses the impacts of the modeling efforts of steel frames and structures needed to temporarily support façades, after the demolition of the old buildings, and until the original façade is reintegrated into the structural elements of the new building. In a BIM context, an 8D model is created to explore BIM capabilities in enabling more efficient occupation safety and health coordination and management activities in building rehabilitation projects, namely in improving and validating the demolitions and construction methods and sequencing, the scheduling of construction works, and the mandatory occupational risk prevention documents for the construction site. The development of the research was supported on the use of the available BIM software: Revit, to model the façade and the temporary steel structural system; Microsoft Project, to schedule the construction works; Navisworks, to perform clash detection analyses and enable visual simulations for occupational risk, and its identification and mitigation. The study intends to contribute to the dissemination of BIM capabilities to improve occupation safety and health in construction, namely in rehabilitation projects involving temporary structures while contributing with innovative perspectives toward higher maturity in BIM implementation and use in the construction sector.
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Ratay, Robert T. "Temporary Structures in Construction – USA Practices." Structural Engineering International 14, no. 4 (November 2004): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686604777963649.
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Soane, Alastair, and John Cutlack. "An introduction to temporary demountable structures." Structural Engineer 95, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/rfcr1648.
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Alastair Soane and John Cutlack mark the publication of a new edition of the Institution's guide to temporary demountable structures by introducing readers to the key considerations in their design, erection and dismantling.
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Bridnia, Larysa. "Typological evolution of temporary accommodation facilities." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 67 (October 27, 2023): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.67.181-202.
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Temporary accommodation facilities are largely a reflection of socio-economic processes in the middle of society at a certain stage of its existence. The structure of modern hotels bears the imprint of historical prototypes that were formed in countries with different cultural, social, and architectural traditions. Studying the historical evolution of such institutions makes it possible to determine certain historical stages of their formation, identify modern development prospects and outline futuristic directions for their modernization. The article examines the historical evolution of temporary accommodation facilities, the formation and development of their typology. The peculiarities of the architectural and planning organization of hotel establishments of different periods of construction are established. The impact of socio-economic factors on the formation of temporary accommodation facilities at various stages of human development is monitored. The main stages of the development of hotels are highlighted: the ancient period, the Middle Ages, modern times, the formation of the concept of "hotel" at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. Selected periods of rapid development: the beginning of the 20th century up to the period of the world economic crisis of the 1930s; 1950-60 (the end of World War II, the formation of mass tourism); 1980s - the beginning of the 21st century (the flourishing of international tourism); 2020 - to the present days (the impact of the global pandemic Сovid-19, the war in Ukraine, the general global economic recession). During the last decades, taking into account the climatic, ecological, man-made and socio-political challenges, the hotel business has become characterized by: a certain departure from "internationalization" in the architectural and design solutions of hotel establishments; appeal to national cultural traditions; specialization of hotels; expansion of the network of institutions of medium-low level of comfort; the direction of ecological and energy-efficient construction; the use of "theatrical effects" and futurism in the design of hotel interiors and exteriors; spread of eco-hotels, "green tourism" facilities, "capsule hotels". The article deals with the issues of architectural and figurative transformation of buildings during the reconstruction of historical industrial enterprises (mid-eighteenth century - first half of the XX century). The main principles for the implementation of such a transformation are determined: ensuring urban integrity; preservation of the historical image of industrial architecture; nuances in their general architectural and spatial organization (symbiosis with the environment); contrast between old and new; compliance with national and regional cultural traditions; environmentally friendly solutions. Examples of the application of these principles in the world practice of the reconstruction of industrial buildings for various public functions are analyzed. Techniques that allow to implement these principles in the renovation of historical buildings are defined. These methods include: conservation and restoration of the characteristic elements of industrial architecture; reuse of authentic materials and designs; the inclusion of industrial equipment in the interiors and exteriors of objects of reconstruction; the use of forms, materials, structures, furniture - contrasting with the primary industrial structure while ensuring symbiosis with the environment due to the nuanced solution of the overall composition, the delicate inclusion of new elements, the preservation of rhythmic patterns, the use of building and finishing materials, elements of architectural «camouflage» (grids, perforations, glazing, openwork metal structures, etc.); «absorption» of old buildings or their parts by new structures. In addition, an accentuated appeal to the characteristic features of the national cultural traditions of the construction region, the use of local building and finishing materials, forms, structures, the use of local ornaments, patterns, objects of arts and crafts is proposed. It is recommended to use environmentally friendly materials, landscaping elements in the interiors and exteriors of buildings, the formation of a building area using the natural landscape along with the inclusion of industrial elements of industrial architecture.
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Kawa, G., W. Galle, and N. De Temmerman. "Temporary makerspaces: the transformative potential of temporary projects and productive activities in circular cities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1363, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1363/1/012047.
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Abstract Cities today face multifaceted challenges, encompassing resource-depleting construction practices, outdated building stocks, and a scarcity of affordable spaces. A significant concern arises from the proliferation of unused buildings, exemplified by the 6.5 million square meter of vacant space in the Brussels Capital Region alone. This phenomenon not only threatens urban vitality and security but also results in wasted resources and economic stagnation. However, this study illuminates a transformative potential within these challenges: the emergence of temporary projects in vacant industrial buildings, organized in anticipation of future projects, as dynamic urban instruments. The in-depth case study analysis of five modern-day temporary projects in Brussels illustrated the multifaceted nature of temporary use projects. All projects breathe new life into inert structures, become testing grounds for various projects and become local meeting places. Yet, their nature and specificities vary. As such, temporary projects can become hubs of social, cultural, creative, sports, and/or productive activities, resonating with principles of the circular economy. Particularly noteworthy is the rise of makerspaces within these temporary settings, identified in Brussel’s temporary project and insured by enlarging the research scope and including four additional temporary projects. Multiple makerspaces are recurring in the analyzed temporary projects, resulting in the identification of temporary makerspace’s types: material banks, shared workspaces, various ateliers, repair cafés, and logistics. These temporary makerspaces exemplify creativity, collaboration, and circular innovation. As such, they not only put forward the practice of making, but emphasize community building, exchange, and knowledge transfer. Thus, by harnessing the potential of temporary projects and makerspaces, cities can transform neglect to vitality, fostering sustainability, inclusivity, and resilience in the urban landscape.
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Anysz, Hubert, and Jacek Zawistowski. "Cost minimization of locating construction machinery park with the use of simulation and optimization algorithms." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604088.
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Every construction project requires a plan of construction site, where storage areas, temporary roads, social containers, machinery parks etc. are shown. The location of the machinery park on a building site is very important. Cost is the most important factor for both, civil engineering structures and buildings in terms of the machinery movement. The everyday building machinery transport from the park to the working positions is time and cost consuming. Four possible solution of the location of temporary roads, necessary for such transport of the construction machinery, were discussed. Finding the optimum location of machinery park was presented, and case study calculations were made. Two dimension problem simulation has been applied, enhanced by heuristic algorithms to solve the discussed matter.
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Kang, Zhen Zhen, Xiao Jun Li, and Cong Hong Liu. "Earthships-Scrap Tires Recycling in Building Design." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3338.
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With rapid development in automobile industry and increasing environment problems, a difficulty confronting many countries is how to recycle scrape tires. The earthship comes out as an effective way to make full use of scrap tires in building design. By introducing its construction procedure, current conditions at home and abroad, and two case studies abroad, the paper concludes its advantages in environment protection, building performance, economy and technology. Besides, in view of the present condition in China, It suggests to first build earthships in less developed areas, or areas with extreme weather conditions, and try to popularize them in temporary structures, garden buildings, or special buildings.
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Jkhsi, Shahram. "Evaluation of risk and safety in building structures under construction." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Sciences and Applications 1, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47346/ijaesa.v1i4.43.
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Many of the structural defects in the past have happened during the project development process. While a structural engineer must build a safe, economic and functional structure, the durability of the partially constructed structure cannot be ignored at various construction levels. During the building, structural health is a major problem for the industry of construction. Collapses of temporary structures or unfinished permanent structures pose a hazard to safety. Predictive risk analysis methods have been applied over the past decade to evaluate the efficiency of the current existing structural building framework. Identification of risks is aimed at recognizing possible risks that can result in accidents. It describes the types of hazards and random parameters connected with the individual risks and subsequent incidents. The quantifying risk values identified with building structures built according to uniform rules are widely distributed. This study provided importance to a conversation about risk and safety in building structures under construction, to build buildings without damage and destroying, also steps of safety in building structures. The outcome of the project depends on the specifics of the prescription. Building structure safety may lead to big problems if subjected to those loads such as earthquakes and storms. A lot of structural problems happen during construction. Most failures were related to a malfunction in the formwork. This study describes how building systems can carry risks to buildings, as well as resisting the impact of loads that could cause trouble.
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Cheek, Charles D. "MAYA COMMUNITY BUILDINGS: Two Late Classicpopal nahsat Copan, Honduras." Ancient Mesoamerica 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536103141028.
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The Spaniards described a particular type of Maya building found in the center of Maya cities that served multiple functions, from temporary homes for men and boys to council houses. This type of building, labeled apopol nahat Copan, was noted in Yucatan and the highlands of Guatemala. Two probablepopol nahs, Structures 10L-223 and 10L-22A, have been identified at Copan, Honduras, suggesting continuity in this building type into at least the Maya Late Classic period. The differences between the two structures in both location and form support the idea of competing lineages in the Late Classic. These differences also suggest that the later rulers may have transformed earlier multifunction buildings into more specific functions that served their political needs.
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Zubarev, Kirill. "USING DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS APPROACH FOR THE SOLUTION OF UNSTEADY-STATE MOISTURE TRANSFER EQUATION FOR MULTILAYER BUILDING WALLS." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2021-17-2-50-57.
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Moisture regime of enclosing structures is one of the most complicated and controversial directions in construction industry. Temporary climate impact on enclosing structures and low moisture inertia of building materials lead to the situation in which it is impossible to calculate the steady-state moisture regime. Numerical methods are usually used to assess the moisture behaviour of the enclosing structures. In the current paper, a differential equation of moisture transfer is formulated. The solution of the unsteady-state equation of moisture transfer was obtained using the discrete-continuous approach. Thus, a formula which allows scientists to calculate unsteady-state moisture transfer in multilayer walls of buildings was obtained. A two-layer building enclosing structure with aerated concrete base and mineral wool insulation was calculated.
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Черепанов, Даниил, Daniil Cherepanov, Александр Ермаков, and Aleksandr Ermakov. "Market analysis of mobile accommodation facilities for autotourists." Services in Russia and abroad 8, no. 7 (December 10, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7479.
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The article deals with various options for mobile homes: from motorhomes and caravans for cars to mobile home facilities. Mobile homes, buildings or temporary structures may be in the form of mobile or portable containers, prefabricated structures of modules or panels, as well as structural elements and flexible transformable structures. These mobile homes are used as a means of placing the sleeper on holiday, accommodation and living in nature, including at the camp. It was found that for seasonal and temporary sleeper accommodation the most rational choice is a home, having mobility. Mobile homes are distinguished by features such as destination, shipping method, or the autonomy of delivery, the method of assembly, materials, equipment, type of plan and others. The main advantage of mobile homes is the ability to inexpensively change the place of their dislocation. Mobile homes for temporary accommodation of sleepers are also preferred because they relate to non-capital building structures and do not require special permits for their construction. This makes the development of caravanning, event tourism and cultural events more effective and less costly. Transformable modular structures have the ability to obtain the necessary level of comfort in residence with minimal time spent and negative impact on the environment.
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Egereva, Elvira, and Alexei Barmenkov. "Overload in the roof trusses of the Media Center building in Saransk." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 01079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911001079.
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The possibility of applying overload to the nodes of the bottom chord of the roof trusses of the Media Center building constructed as a part of the design of the temporary buildings and structures for the preparation and holding of the World Football Cup in the Russian Federation (Saransk) in 2018 is studied in the article. A variant of fixing the load with the help of the universal mounting is developed.
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Yagi, Shinji, and Yuji Hasemi. "Requirements and Verification Methodology for the Design Performance of Tsunami-Hinan Buildings (Temporary Tsunami Refuge Building)." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0591.
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With the increasing possibility of large offshore earthquakes in Japan, the government is considering whether middle to high-rise structures could be used as temporary tsunami refuge buildings. This report presents a recent study on refuge-process modeling within such buildings and their utility seen through parametric analysis. Analysis showed a strong dependence of refuge effectiveness on the time when evacuation start and building occupancies. Design guidelines are proposed to improve evacuation performance for different types of occupancy.
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Hill, Howard J. "Rational and Irrational Design Loads for “Temporary” Structures." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 9, no. 3 (August 2004): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2004)9:3(125).
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Mohammadi, Jamshid, and Amir Zamani Heydari. "Seismic and Wind Load Considerations for Temporary Structures." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 13, no. 3 (August 2008): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2008)13:3(128).
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Kim, Jonghoon, Martin Fischer, John Kunz, and Raymond Levitt. "Sharing of Temporary Structures: Formalization and Planning Application." Automation in Construction 43 (July 2014): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.03.018.
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Zywietz, Maren, Karsten Schlesier, and Annette Bögle. "Rethinking Lightweight: Exploration Of Circular Design Strategies In Temporary Structures." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2022.011.
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The increasing scarcity of materials in the building industry is the result of many years of exploitation of limited resources. How can our design and construction methods encourage the circular use of materials and components to address this problem? This paper contrasts circular design principles with the design philosophy of lightweight structures to explore their potential for sustainable development. Investigation of these two design concepts reveal the holistic approach in both principles, so that circular design can be derived from lightweight design principles. However, efficient material use as a guiding criterion in lightweight structures alone is not sufficient to implement circular design. Closing material loops can only be achieved by including dismantling and recycling in the design process. This concept is discussed by means of a case study. The research pavilion presented illustrates how rethinking of lightweight structures is possible.
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Григоровський, П. Є., В. П. Максименко, В. О. Басанський, and А. П. Григоровський. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE DISMANTLING TECHNOLOGY OF EMERGENCY LARGE-PANEL BUILDINGS ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF ASSESSING THEIR RESISTANCE TO COLLAPSES." Building production, no. 72 (May 22, 2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36750/2524-2555.72.3-11.
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Problem. The complete or partial dismantling of the damaged object is an important step in eliminating the consequences of emergency destruction. Issues related to man-made destruction of buildings and structures, their temporary emergency reinforcement and establishment of the possibility of further restoration require the professional participation of civil engineers in the substantiation of urgent project decisions. Currently, there are no organizational and technological solutions that are able to simultaneously combine objective urgency and rational justification of their implementation. Method. On the example of a building that suffered significant damage as a result of an explosion of a gas-air mixture, the selection of the optimal and safe method of its partial dismantling in the conditions of compacted buildings while ensuring safety requirements and the methodology for assessing the stress-strain state of the building structures based on the subsystem method was carried out. Originality. Violation of the strength and stability of the building as a result of a man-made accident and the uncertainty of the work of its structural scheme significantly increases the urgency of optimizing the technology of dismantling emergency structures. Variants of the sequence of dismantling of a large-panel building, which suffered an emergency collapse of part of the load-bearing structures, were considered. The basis of the choice is the practice of a complex study of the "foundation - ground part of the damaged building" system at the stage of dismantling and temporary strengthening. On the basis of the LIRA-CAD software complex, a methodology has been developed that allows creating adequate computer models that change taking into account the stages of dismantling, keeping the load history and taking into account the emerging forces and deformations. The initial data for the creation of an adequate computer model were obtained by analyzing design and technical documentation, visual and instrumental examination of the emergency building. The advanced mathematical apparatus implemented in the PC "LIRA CAD" allows to perform calculations of complex construction objects taking into account man-made influences on their structural elements and to perform modeling of processes that lead to changes in the stress-strain state, the development of inelastic plastic deformations and crack formation. Practical value. Such a technique is universal, with its help it is possible to examine buildings of any type that are under the influence of man-made and emergency external influences. The technology of dismantling emergency buildings in conditions of incomplete information about their technical condition has been improved. The safety efficiency of emergency and rescue operations has been increased.
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Yasa, Enes. "Microclimatic comfort measurements evaluation of building physics: The effect of building form and building settled area, on pedestrian level comfort around buildings." Journal of Building Physics 40, no. 5 (July 27, 2016): 472–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259115621979.
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Wind discomfort and the dangers that the wind may lead can be harmful in terms of comfort conditions of both indoor and outdoor environment of the building/buildings to be constructed or just completed. The extent of discomfort to pedestrian varies from inducing slightly unpleasant feeling to producing a falling down hazard. Typically, the cause of frequent occurrences of strong wind at pedestrian area is primary related to the configuration of building structures and/or topography in the vicinity of the pedestrian area. Depending on the characteristics of the wind including magnitude, uniformity, ambient temperature, and so on, the level of disturbance to users of pedestrian areas can be different. In this context, the regions where Necmettin Erbakan University temporary education buildings are located have a fairly intensive topography in terms of wind. Therefore, detailed analysis of the inside regions and the surrounding areas of education buildings in particular are performed in terms of microclimatic comfort and indoor energy recovery. Especially, the topography where university campus temporary educational buildings are located has very high wind climate conditions compared to the city of Konya climate conditions. In this study, pedestrian-level wind conditions around N.E.U. campus buildings and in urban areas and the topography of campus settlements were analyzed through on-site measurement with Delta OHM microclimatic instruments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pedestrian-level comfort conditions around the project buildings suggested by concept architects together with microclimatic measurements of comfort conditions, in the light of current topographic and climatic conditions presented by the head architect. However, presentation of these topographic and microclimatic measurements around currently completed temporary classrooms of the university campus have not yet been completed. The topography of the university campus, which is at an altitude higher than that of Konya centrum, is exposed to an extremely high wind velocity. The pedestrian-level comfort conditions are measured using Delta OHM instrument. The study also aims to compare pedestrian-level comfort conditions at locations of various buildings. In addition, outdoor comfort survey was also conducted in the campus area. However, measurement results of the microclimatic measurement device, DeltaOHM, are evaluated in this study. It can be observed from the results that pedestrian-level comfort of current campus settlements around the buildings reach very discomforting levels. Since the university’s topography varies between very high and very low temperature levels and wind velocity values, climatic comfort problems are observed in the area. Some reasons for the discomfort problems observed in current settlement are; incorrect use of climatic parameters, incorrect directions of buildings, thermal effects due incorrect selection of materials used in constructions of buildings. In order to achieve thermal comfort, more studies are required on pedestrian-level comfort, use of passive design techniques such as correct direction of buildings and correct selection of materials utilized in the buildings based on their thermal effects. This would help university campus buildings consume less energy and maximize people’s satisfaction.
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Marković, Nemanja, Nikola Velimirović, and Nenad Stojković. "DESIGN OF RC STRUCTURES OF MEDIUM-RISE APARTMENT COMPLEX ON SIGNIFICANTLY SLOPED TERRAIN IN MONTENEGRO." Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture 39 (June 6, 2024): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62683/zrgaf39.79-90.
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Design of structures in medium or extremely sloped terrains is a demanding and challenging engineering task. Depending on the depth of foundations of the future buildings, different methods of securing foundation pit sides are used. Extremely high vertical excavations cannot utilize the standard methods of securing ground stability (use of “L” segments) so somewhat more complicated and demanding solutions must be found. This paper shows the method of temporary securing of the vertical excavation during the building construction, using the prestressed geotechnical anchors in combination with the RC frame, on the example of the Apartment complex in Montenegro.
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BEDOV, A. I., and I. I. NIKOLENKO. "PROVISION OF OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS OF FRAMES OF BUILDINGS SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC EFFECTS." Building and reconstruction 93, no. 1 (2021): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2021-93-1-3-15.
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The objectives of the study were to improve the operational characteristics of buildings with a bearing reinforced concrete framework located in seismic areas of the Russian Federation. The article presents the results of analysis of previous studies of stress-strain state of the framework elements of a multi-storey building under seismic impacts. It has been established that despite a more optimal solution of load-bearing systems of buildings in the form of reinforced concrete frames in seismic areas as a result of periodic actions of background earthquakes, inevitable accumulation of temporary fatigue and damage to structures during operation there is a significant reduction of dynamic resistance of the building as a whole. It is noted, that throughout all term of life of an object except design seismic load, the crucial role is played also by physical wear which development leads to structural modifications of properties of materials and inevitable deformation of technical characteristics of bearing structures. It has been found, that the most dangerous failures associated with the reduction of strength of columns, assemblies, the mating of bearing elements and, as a result, the loss of their stability, leading to the progressive destruction of the building as a whole. Three groups of possible methods of strengthening and increasing seismic resistance of buildings and structures are considered.
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Seryh, I., E. Chernyshova, A. Degtyar, N. Masyagina, and V. Serykh. "REASONS OF DAMAGE TO RESIDENTIAL BALCONY SLABS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 9, no. 2 (January 9, 2024): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2024-9-2-16-23.
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The main cause of defects and damage to balcony plates can be considered the so-called temporary factor, which has a far from positive effect on the general state of the structure - the impact of atmospheric-sphere precipitation, strong temperature differences. In addition to the temporary factor, the destruction of the balcony slab can be influenced by mistakes made during installation, no drains and overstrain of the balcony slab due to excessive load on it, which causes the formation of cracks. The basis for the survey was the check of the technical condition of the balcony slabs of a three-story multi-storey brick residential building in order to determine the degree of wear, possible defects and assess the possibility of further operation of the slab. A structural solution analysis was carried out to assess the technical condition of the building structures. Loads acting on the structures, impacts and operating conditions, the quality of structures, materials and connections were established. This also took into account factors such as the geometric dimensions of structures and their sections; presence of cracks, splits and destruction; condition of protective coatings; broken adhesion of reinforcement to concrete; presence of reinforcement rupture; condition of anchoring of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement; degree of corrosion of concrete and reinforcement. As a result of visual and measuring control, defects and damages having the requirements of operation and leading to a malfunction of the structure were revealed. The results set forth in the article may be of interest to specialists of expert organizations who are engaged in the examination of residential apartment buildings in order to assess the actual state of bearing structures, in particular balcony slabs
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Holdsworth, Angus. "Temporary Works Toolkit. Part 19: An introduction to the demolition of large structures." Structural Engineer 96, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/esto4958.
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The Temporary Works Toolkit is a series of articles aimed primarily at assisting the permanent works designer with temporary works issues. Buildability – sometimes referred to now as 'construction method engineering' – is not a new concept and one always recognised as vital to the realisation of one’s ideas; it ought to be at the forefront of an engineer's mind.
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Rinaldis, Dario, Paolo Clemente, and Giacomo Buffarini. "Dynamic Behavior of a Historical Building." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.659.
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Given the particular difficulty in classifying and defining the characteristics of the structural systems of historical buildings, especially when they are part of complex historical constructions, the vulnerability study efforts becomes significantly more difficult than the study of regular modern structural systems. Furthermore, old buildings may have been altered repeatedly over time, may be founded on older buildings that got buried over and could be connected one to the others. This will cause dynamic interactions with other buildings or sub-structures during an earthquake. Therefore, the particular architectural and structural history of each structure adds uncertainties in the assessment of its seismic vulnerability. In this paper the dynamic response of CEDRAV building, part of the historical centre of Cerreto di Spoleto (Italy), is analyzed, by means of the data recorded by several temporary deployments of velocimeters. The complexity in assessing seismic behavior of the historical built environments is pointed out and so the dynamic interaction with adjacent buildings.
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Turkan, Yelda, Frédéric Bosché, Carl T. Haas, and Ralph Haas. "Tracking of secondary and temporary objects in structural concrete work." Construction Innovation 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-12-2012-0063.
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Purpose – Previous research has shown that “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition systems, which fuse three dimensional (3D) point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or digital photogrammetry with 4D project building information models (BIM), provide valuable information for tracking construction works. However, until now, the potential of these systems has been demonstrated for tracking progress of permanent structural works only; no work has been reported yet on tracking secondary or temporary structures. For structural concrete work, temporary structures include formwork, scaffolding and shoring, while secondary components include rebar. Together, they constitute most of the earned value in concrete work. The impact of tracking secondary and temporary objects would thus be added veracity and detail to earned value calculations, and subsequently better project control and performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Two techniques for recognizing concrete construction secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds are implemented and tested using real-life data collected from a reinforced concrete building construction site. Both techniques represent significant innovative extensions of existing “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition frameworks. Findings – The experimental results show that it is feasible to recognise secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds with good accuracy using the two novel techniques; but it is envisaged that superior results could be achieved by using additional cues such as colour and 3D edge information. Originality/value – This article makes valuable contributions to the problem of detecting and tracking secondary and temporary objects in 3D point clouds. The power of Scan-vs-BIM object recognition approaches to address this problem is demonstrated, but their limitations are also highlighted.
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Jamshidi, Ali. "Analysis of Pavement Structures. By Animesh Das. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2014; 194p; ISBN 978-1466558557." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 6098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116098.
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Significant differences exist between pavement and building structures, particularly with respect to the type and mode of loading conditions: structural elements, beams and columns of buildings are subjected to static loads and pavement to dynamic loads. However, the design of structural members for buildings might need to address temporary dynamic loads due to wind, earthquake or other factors depending on building or structure height and application. In contrast, pavements are subjected to the moving loads of vehicles as well as to further loads due to temperature gradients. Since the layers of various materials used in pavements may vary in thickness and the statically indeterminate nature of pavement (due to the full contact with the bed soil layer or the lower layers), any deformation caused by changes in the moisture content and temperature can result in internal stresses in pavement structures. Consequently, analysis of pavement structures can be very complicated, requiring skills in material characterization, mathematics and modeling. In this regard, a useful book that covers various subjects in the pavement design and analysis was reviewed. Th details of each chapter were briefly explained. This book is recommended for consultant engineers and pavement researchers.
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Novak, Yevheniia, Yurii Sobko, and Oleksandr Sumariuk. "Features of designing building general plans." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 66 (April 14, 2023): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.300-309.
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The construction master plan (contgenplan) is the general plan of the construction site, which shows all existing and planned permanent buildings and structures, as well as temporary buildings necessary for construction and assembly works. The purpose of the budget plan is to organize the construction industry on the site, which would ensure the creation of the necessary production and living conditions for workers, the reception and delivery of materials, semi-finished products and structures to the workplace, the normal operation of construction machines and mechanized installations, uninterrupted supply of water and energy resources. There are two types of construction master plan: general site and object.
The general site budget plan is drawn up during the development of the construction organization project and covers the entire territory of the urban residential massif (microdistrict, block) or cultural and household complex. The facility budget plan is part of the construction project and covers the territory related to one facility or, in some cases, to several. At the stage of the construction project, an object budget plan is developed, which specifies and details the decisions of the site-wide budget plan. The budgenplan should show: entrances and exits, unloading points, entry into dangerous areas, the construction of roads and sidewalks, their width and connection to the designed buildings.
The budget plan should show storage facilities, temporary buildings, the organization of communication lighting and dispatching of the construction site, the organization of providing the facility with electricity, water, steam, compressed air, and oxygen. Before placing mechanized equipment on the construction site, it is necessary to determine the types and number of cranes, stationary lifts, as well as their installation locations. After that, it is necessary to calculate the operating zones of the cranes, taking into account the specifics of architectural and structural solutions and the construction conditions of the facility.
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Miterev, Maxim, Mats Engwall, and Anna Jerbrant. "Mechanisms of Isomorphism in Project-Based Organizations." Project Management Journal 48, no. 5 (October 2017): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875697281704800502.
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This article challenges the dominant assumption of goal rationality behind temporary organizations’ design in project-based organizations (PBOs). While extant literature posits that organizations strive to select the most appropriate project arrangements to fit particular task requirements at hand, findings from an in-depth ethnography-inspired case study suggest that projects in PBOs tend to imitate each other's structures, strategies, and practices with little consideration of the potential performance effects. Building upon the new institutionalism, this article conceptualizes the PBO as an organizational field of temporary and permanent organizations embedded in wider organizational and institutional fields and explicates isomorphic processes among temporary organizations in PBOs.
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Rahmayati, Y., F. Vanini, L. Rahmayani, R. Hendarti, W. Aghamdi, P. Andriany, I. Sundari, C. F. Novita, and P. A. Sofya. "Designing the temporary dental clinic in the Covid-19 global pandemic." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012023.
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Abstract Covid-19 pandemic has directed hospitals to concentrate services for patients who are positive or still in undefined status. Some countries are even forced to build temporary structures or utilize multifunctional buildings such as sports/public halls. On the other hand, hospitals still have to keep performing other routine services and this becomes a challenge for them. When global attention nowadays focuses more on how hospitals serve the Covid-19 cases, this research proposes another side of healthcare service needed by people in the pandemic, which is the dental clinic. The spread of Covid-19 through droplets puts both dental patients and practitioners at risk target of Covid-19 transmission. Therefore, particular standards and protocols are mandatory to be deployed. A prototype design of the temporary dental clinic is the main output from this research. The main objective is to provide service for the community without being afraid of contracting the pandemic as the clinic will be isolated from the regular hospital buildings. To achieve this objective, this research employed three approaches for the methodology. It was started with the desk study to review references on recent technology of temporary building structures. Followed by the online questionnaire using the Google platform distributed to 206 registered dental practitioners in Aceh, in collaboration with the Indonesian Dental Association, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The questionnaire collected the data related to the needs, standards, procedures, and dental service protocols under the Covid-19 pandemic as the main reference for the design process. The last approach was gathering feedback from dentists and international architects who are experts in building science and technology. This was done through a series of pre-design reviews. This research has a high degree of urgency globally, including Saudi Arabia, which is also impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. It is also in line with Saudi Vision 2030 to enhance the standard quality and sustainability of healthcare services. The prototype design proposed in this research does not only contribute to the Covid-19 pandemic in particular but also post-Covid scenarios or other possible global pandemics in the future.
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Ostapenko, I. S. "Features of the Implementation of technological Solutions of the Bridge Crossing Construction Project with a Temporary Bridge." Science and Transport Progress, no. 3-4(99-100) (December 23, 2022): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2022/275713.
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Purpose. The main aim of the research is the study of the methodology of conducting engineering and technical reconnaissance and the implementation of structural and technological solutions for the project of the construction of a bridge crossing with a temporary bridge damaged as a result of hostilities. Methodology. The achievement of the set goal involves research and analysis of practical structural and technological solutions for construction works, restoration of bridge crossings with temporary bridges, as well as study and generalization of practical experience of implemented technological solutions of combining wooden typical structures with steel typical span structures. Findings. A generalization of the experience of conducting engineering and technical reconnaissance in construction areas, restoration of bridge crossings in de-occupied territories was generalized. The author revealed and clarified the general key stages of the implementation of technological solutions for the project of the construction of a bridge crossing with a temporary bridge damaged as a result of hostilities using a combination of steel inventory bridge structures with wooden bridge structures. Originality. For the first time, the author investigated the peculiarities of conducting engineering and technical reconnaissance in order to implement the obtained results in the relevant project documentation for the construction of a temporary bridge. The peculiarities of constructive and technological solutions with a rational combination of various materials and structures during the construction of temporary bridges, which ensure a long period of their operation, are considered. Practical value. The elements of the methodology of organization and carrying out engineering technical exploration of terrain, water obstacles, construction sites and the base of logistics and other measures will contribute to the quality preparation of project documentation for the construction of bridge crossings with temporary bridges. The application peculiarities of non-standard projects of conducting works and structural and technological solutions in the construction of temporary bridges have a number of technological advantages that make it possible to ensure effective restoration of the destroyed combat actions of the bridges in a short time. Some technological methods of combinations of wooden structures and elements with steel carriers of the roadway when building temporary car bridges increase their load capacity.
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Guéguen, Philippe, Frédéric Guattari, Coralie Aubert, and Theo Laudat. "Comparing Direct Observation of Torsion with Array-Derived Rotation in Civil Engineering Structures." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010142.
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In this article, we analyze the rotation rates in a building derived from a network of translation sensors and recorded by a rotation sensor. The building is Grenoble city hall, a reinforced concrete structure with permanent accelerometric translation sensors at the top and bottom of the building. A temporary experiment was conducted, consisting in installing a BlueSeis-3A rotation sensor for more than 24 h at the top of the structure. The ambient vibrations were analyzed. The amplitudes of translation accelerations and rotation rates at the top and bottom of the building, along with their variations over time, were analyzed. The acceleration/rotation ratios were then compared with the impulse wave velocities derived from seismic interferometry by deconvolution between the top and bottom. Perspectives with regard to building imaging, time monitoring of structural integrity and understanding the contribution of rotations to the structure’s response are discussed, offering new suggestions for research projects.
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Postovoy, А. А., and N. А. Dmitrienko. "The need for installing temporary structures in modern urban environment." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 103, no. 7 (2023): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-11-2023-435.
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This work is aimed at substantiating the need for installing of temporary structures in modern urban environment. A developed classification of temporary structures is given, the reasons for the effectiveness of using temporary structures in urban environment are stated, and recommendations for reducing their negative impact are pointed out.
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Obyn, S., G. van Moeseke, and V. Virgo. "Thermal performance of shelter modelling: Improvement of temporary structures." Energy and Buildings 89 (February 2015): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.12.035.
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Hryhorovskyi, Peter, Vladyslav Basanskyi, Andrey Hryhorovskyi, and Michael Bozhinskyi. "Information Modeling of Organizational and Technological Solutions to Eliminate the Conse-quences of Super-Design Impacts in Construction." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 100 (April 7, 2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2023.100.0.72.
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Abstract. Problem. There is a scientific contradiction between the need to minimize labor costs for the implementation of measures to stop emergency deformations that pose a threat to human life and the need to ensure regulatory requirements for the stability of damaged structures by increasing the duration of such measures. Taking into account the difficulty of obtaining information about the state of damaged elements in the presence of the risk of their collapse, information and mathematical modeling is considered a relevant method of operational determination of the technical state of a damaged building in conditions of information uncertainty, when decision-making on measures to prevent the collapse of emergency structures is urgent. Goal. The goal of the research is to assess the main directions and prospects to apply building information modeling methods for the optimization of organizational and technological solutions in emergency rescue operations, which will contribute to the rescue of possible accident victims and the elimination of the consequences of accidental destruction of large-panel buildings due to overtime effects in the result of military actions. Methodology provides for making decisions on the basis of informational, calculation models, which are made taking into account the information available at the time of their compilation, using, including, expert evaluation, utility functions, etc., to obtain predictive physical and technical characteristics of emergency buildings, their parts and structures. Results. It has been established that the selection of optimal emergency measures, by the method of information and mathematical modeling using databases consisting of variants of typical destructions and technical, technological and organizational solutions to eliminate their consequences, will contribute to the optimization of costs for the implementation of measures to timely eliminate the threats of overtime deformations and progressive collapse. Originality. The originality is in optimization of measures to eliminate emergency destruction by means of typical mathematical and informational modeling of technological solutions and the use of typical equipment for temporary strengthening of emergency structures. Practical value. Increasing the effectiveness of the processes for liquidation of emergency destruction of large-panel buildings due to extra-project impacts is possible due to the optimization of measures for their liquidation through mathematical and informational modeling of such solutions and the use of standard equipment for temporary reinforcement of emergency structures.
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Buitrago, Manuel, Pedro A. Calderón, Juan J. Moragues, Yezid A. Alvarado, and José M. Adam. "Load Limiters on Temporary Shoring Structures: Tests on a Full-Scale Building Structure under Construction." Journal of Structural Engineering 147, no. 3 (March 2021): 04020345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002948.
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Buitrago, Manuel, Juan Sagaseta, and Jose M. Adam. "Avoiding failures during building construction using structural fuses as load limiters on temporary shoring structures." Engineering Structures 204 (February 2020): 109906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109906.
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Loader, Robert. "DETERIORATION, HARM AND CONSERVATION OF BUILDING PLASTICS HERITAGE." Docomomo Journal, no. 66 (December 12, 2022): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/docomomo.66.10.
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From the 1950s to 1970s a handful of architects and designers developed the use of glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) for external building skins that expressed the nature and possibilities of the material. External panels were designed as non-structural interchangeable cladding and also as structural folded plates and shells.Many GRP buildings were designed as temporary structures and have long since disappeared. Some have survived and, in England, a few have been recognised with listed status for their architectural quality. At about fifty years of age the condition of polymeric components, such as external panels, fixings and joints, is beginning to present new problems in conservation. The case studies in this paper indicate that early estimates for the design life of GRP buildings and components have been surpassed, and that a range of approaches is available and necessary for their conservation.Innovative plastic buildings and components also remain at risk of damage and demolition from a lack of awareness of their existence and value by heritage protection bodies.
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Paris, Vittorio, Giuseppe Ruscica, Carlo Olivieri, and Giulio Mirabella Roberti. "A Systemic Approach to Simulate the Construction Process of Self-Supporting Masonry Structures." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 15, 2023): 9596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129596.
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The building sector has a significant impact on the environment due to its unproductive and technologically outdated practices. Although digital tools have emerged as potential solutions, current building practices often lack automation and efficiency. Throughout history, several self-supporting techniques, i.e., construction methods dedicated to the building of shells that do not need support during the construction works, have been developed. These techniques allow for reducing waste and minimizing construction costs. Combining self-supporting techniques and digital tools could aid the development of contemporary, highly sustainable, and efficient building practices that permit the use of alternative and sustainable materials. Building on this, the research conducted defines an approach for evaluating the balanced state of masonry structures during construction works and built using robotic technologies. The approach considers the factors that govern the stability under construction derived through studying self-supporting building techniques. The proposed approach assesses the structural state under construction, evaluating the need for temporary supports. An example of a masonry arch is provided to emphasize the importance of construction factors in sustainable building practices. Then the method is applied to a real case study. Overall, integrating self-supporting techniques with digital tools has the potential to revolutionize the building sector, and create highly sustainable and efficient practices.
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Vozzola, Mariapaola. "The support of graphic representation for the analysis of the distribution and the preparation of temporary works in the post pandemic period." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2020.14480.
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<p class="Abstracttext-VITRUVIO">The spread of the Coronavirus19 has pushed the world community to re-evaluate the meaning of "normality", introducing new concepts in their daily habits, such as social distancing, use of personal protective equipment, implementation and introduction of temporary works. Thus defining a #newnormal, which has inevitably translated into the need to redesign and re-adapt the environments usually dedicated to sociality, work and education. Hence the need to introduce a tool capable of supporting the actors involved in the adaptation of environments in the operational phases, to introduce codes and methods of representation suitable for proper communication. It will be possible to represent the above, through the presentation of a case study of school building proposing a useful tool for the design and adaptation of existing buildings, through the introduction of temporary works and structures, elements of communication and sizing of the areas.</p>
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Eddy, Firman, and Rivana Gracelia Panjaitan. "Student Rental Apartment with Green Architecture Application in Medan City." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 6, no. 3 (December 8, 2022): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v6i3.10405.
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Medan city has become the economic, political, educational, and socio-cultural center in North Sumatra Province. Medan has a variety of religions, cultures, and tribes. The development of education, especially universities, makes Medan one of the goals for students who have completed their education at the high school level. The college will bring students from out of town and within the city. In addition, clothing and residential food become one of the needs of students. Students from out of town will need temporary housing that can be rented during their college education. Accommodation must be tailored to the needs and culture of students. The apartment has become one of the alternative housing for students. Green Architecture is one of the alternatives in designing buildings, where this concept can minimize damage to the environment and building users. The application of energy-saving to structures will positively impact users of the building and the building itself.
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El-Ariss, Bilal, and Said Elkholy. "Feasibility of Reusing Damaged Steel Beams in Temporary Structures." Infrastructures 6, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6050069.
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This study addresses the feasibility of reusing pre-damaged steel beams in temporary structures. The extensive structural investigation of notch-damaged, unrepaired, and laterally unsupported steel beams was performed experimentally and numerically. The simply supported specimens were tested in two-point loading with the study parameters being the location and size of the notch. Some beams had one notch on one edge of the tension flange at different locations, and some beams had two notches on both edges of the tension flange. Three-dimensional numerical models were generated to simulate the behavior of the test beams. After verifying the model, the numerical analysis was extended to cover additional different notch depths and widths. The study showed that the capacity of beams with single notch was more influenced by the notch depth increase than it was by the increase in the notch width. Beams with double notches exhibited an even more pronounced and distinct decrease in the capacity as the notch depth and width increased. This investigation supports the feasibility of reusing pre-damaged steel beams in temporary structures under service loads and certain levels of damage, where the behavior of such beams is within the elastic range and the beam maximum defection is less than the allowable one.
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Ebrahimi, Sanaz, Mir Raouf Hadei, Alireza Rashiddel, and Mohsen Hajihassani. "Numerical Investigation of Innovative Support Frame of Openings in the Segmental Tunnel Lining." Open Construction & Building Technology Journal 14, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836802014010358.
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Introduction: To supply safety in the tunnels, it is necessary to construct escape routes and emergency exits that are performed by locating cross passages. Methods: These passages connect two tunnels transversely and apply escape routes. Using temporary steel structures to supply the ring stability in practice and reinforced concrete frame to stabilize the ring permanently can be appropriate to form a solid frame that transfers the opened ring's load to the opening surroundings. In this paper, a 3D finite element simulation was performed to analyze the influence of opening construction in the segmental concrete lining and a temporary support system. Using the simulation, stress and deformation distribution of the steel frame, bolts, and segmental lining were obtained. Results: The results show that by increasing the number of bolts from 18 to 30, the induced stress in the steel frame and bolts decreased to 76 and 59 percent, respectively. In addition, the maximum displacement in the segmental lining and the maximum opening value of the joints decline to 62.7 and 75 percent, respectively. Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that the steel frame can be used as a temporary support system.
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Wilk, Krzysztof. "Hazards for buildings and structures caused by flood conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500101.
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Floods are one of the common natural phenomena that can cause a huge danger to people and building objects located in flood plains. The particularly severe effects of such disasters are felt in heavily urbanized areas [1, 2]. The development of river valleys causes difficulties in the flow of flood water and the protective embankments limit the possibility of the temporary accumulation of water. The consequence of this situation is increasing the level of the flood wave and thereby intensifying its negative impact. Damages to the building during inundations can be the result of not only the direct activity of the flood wave and surface water, but also changes in groundwater flow conditions, including the increase of their piezometric level [3, 4]. An increasing of groundwater pressure can intensify or initiate new phenomena related to permeability (suffosion, colmatation, etc.) and consequently conduce disadvantageous changes of soil substrate parameters [5]. The influence of such processes can be revealed later, after the floods stage recede. The local conditions of water flow and the ground structure have a direct impact on the probability of occurrence of specific phenomena threatening construction objects (initiated by floods).
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Afonina, Marina, and Natalya Vetrova. "Tubing facilities in the system of recreational urban territories." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 05033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199105033.
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The study was conducted in the field of temporary monofunctional recreational tubing facilities. Using the example of artificial structures in Moscow, city-forming and technological features as promising centers of activity of urban parks in large cities were studied. The phenomenon of continuity of modern temporary recreational facilities to the traditions of the historic “Roller slides” as a part of park spaces and independent small architectural forms was studied. The life cycle of facilities (from design and installation to dismantling) was tracked. The structural scheme of tubing facilities on the basis of rod building structures and their engineering and technological support were studied. The statistics of attendance was analyzed, and the target audience of the complexes was identified. Energy efficiency, reliability, and environmental friendliness of facilities were proved. The paper proposes a proprietary methodology for assessing the adaptability of tubing facilities to the environment. It is presented as an object matrix.
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Fu, Guang Yao, Fan Sheng Zeng, and Min Tian. "Safe and Effective Way to Using Urban Sites of Ground Fracture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1870.
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Speaking of the existence ground fracture disaster's city, have to ensure the safety of various types of civil engineering structures, and also be effective to use city land, this is the problem which need civil engineers to research and solves. With Xi'an ground fracture sites as the background to discuss this issue, from the vulnerability classification of urban land, the building importance rating, structural safety performance research so on, propose several methods of the ground fracture field can be effectively to use, final several good cases are given through the investigation and analysis. These methods are: In the ground cracking or possible cracking sites, with urban and community plan, can consider the layout of a city square and green space; unimportant temporary buildings can be built in the main deformation zone of the ground fractures; For the ground fracture activity tends to be stable, or to be in the sleep, the safety of multistoried buildings crossing fractures can be met; Determining the important building's minimum required secure distance, needs through the structure safety performance analysis and the research.
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Balan, O. V., S. H. Brylka, S. S. Pidbereznyi, and V. M. Rudko. "Peculiarities of the Shelter Object Individual Unstable Structures Dismantling." Nuclear Power and the Environment 27, no. 2 (2023): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31717/2311-8253.23.2.6.
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The design and construction of the Shelter Object was carried out in a record short time in extreme radiation hazardous conditions, which did not allow the object to be constructed in accordance with the rules and regulations for the design of not only nuclear installations or facilities for radioactive waste management, but also as ordinary industrial buildings. According to the results of on-site inspections and calculated assessments of the technical state of the Shelter Object building structures, which were carried out throughout its existence, structures with an unacceptably high probability of collapse (socalled unstable structures) were identified. Urgent stabilization measures implemented in 2004–2008 provide an acceptable safety level of the Shelter Object in terms of the short-term operation period of its stabilized building structures. In the future, the problem of unstable structures should be resolved by dismantling them inside the New Safe Confinement (NSC). The list of unstable building structures of the Shelter Object, which are subject to dismantling, was determined during the research implementation within the framework of the Shelter Implementation Plan [2, 3]. A main cranes system (MCS) is provided in the NSC for dismantling the Shelter Object unstable structures. The main characteristics of the MCS are given. It is shown that the dismantling of most unstable structures can be carried out using MCS in the reverse sequence of their installation during the Shelter Object construction. However, the dismantling of some structures requires additional equipment and special preliminary work. These include the Mammoth Beam, the weight of which exceeds the carrying capacity of the MCS, and the units of shields-sealers, which are located outside the MCS operating area. Technological solutions are proposed for the Mammoth Beam dismantling by installing a temporary support in the middle part of the beam span in order to cut it into two parts that can be alternately dismantled by the MCS, as well as technological solution for dismantling the shields-sealers units using a special traverse.