Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Temps non fini'
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Cortez, Manuel Fernando. "Explosion en temps fini de solutions d’équations dispersives ou dissipatives non-linéaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10198/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the formation of singularities for some nonlinear evolution equations of dissipative and/or dispersive type. Our work is focused on the Cauchy problems, usually with periodic boundary conditions or on the whole $\mathbb{R}^{n}$. Our aim is to provide the necessary or sufficient conditions (or both) on the initial data $u_0 (x)$, ensuring that the lifetime $T^{*}$ of the solution resulting from $u_0$ is finite or not. We study two types of equations: a nonlinear parabolic equation and a class of dispersive wave equations. In the first case, we study a one-dimensional model which describe the propagation of nonlinear waves in a channel or the deformations of a hyper-elastic rod. One decisive contibutions of our work will be this: the only global strong periodic solution of the rod equation vanishing in at least one point is the identically zero solution. We also establish the analogue of this result in the case of non-periodic solutions defined on the whole real line which vanish at infinity. Our analysis is based on the application of new local-in-space blowup criteria. The second equation that we consider is a generalization of the rod equation which was proposed by H. Holden and X. Raynaud. This generalization covers many other equations with interesting mathematical properties. We will establish criteria for the blowup in finite time that involve only the properties of the data $u_0$ in a neighborhood of a single point, thus simplifying and extending earlier blowup criteria for this equation. After, we study family of equations known in the literature as the $b$-family equations. One of the most notable cases of this family of equations is the Degasperis-Procesi equation. For this family we obtain similar results as those described above. Finally, the last part, we study the well-posedness, locally or globally in time of the nonlinear heat equation, in functional spaces having appropriate invariance properties relative to scale changes. After extending Y. Meyer's result establishing the existence of global solutions, under a smallness condition of the initial data in the homogeneous Besov spaces $\dot{B}_{p}^{-\sigma, \infty}(\mathbb{R}^{3})$, where $3 < p < 9$ and $\sigma=1-3/p$, we prove that initial data $u_0\in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^{3})$, arbitrarily small in ${\dot B^{-2/3,\infty}_{9}}(\mathbb{R}^{3})$, can produce solutions that explode in finite time. In addition, the blowup may occur after an arbitrarily short time
Duong, Giao ky. "Formation de singularités en temps fini pour les équations aux dérivées partielles non symétriques ou non variationnelles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD058.
Full textIn the context of this thesis, we are interested in finite time singularity formation for non symmetric or non variational partial differential equations of parabolic type. In particular, we mainly focus on the following two phenomena : blowup and quenching (touch-down) infinite time. In this thesis, we aim at studying the following equations : [....] where Ω is a C² bounded domain in ℝᶰ and λ, Ƴ are positive constants.These models are closely related to many common phenomena in nature. In particular, equation (6) is a model for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). In this work, we construct blowup solutions to (4) and (5) and solutions with extinction to (6). In addition to that, we describe the asymptotic behavior of these solutions around the singular point. We use in this thesis the framework of similarity variables, introduced by Giga and Kohn in CPAM 1985. We finally derive the results by using a reduction to a finite dimensional problem and a topological argument which was introduced in particular by Bressan, Bricmont and Kupiainen, and also Merle and Zaag. Clearly, our work is not a simple adaptation of the works cited above. Indeed, our models, by their proximity to applications, are outside the ideal framework considered in pioneering works. In particular, equation (4) is not scaling-invariant, whereas (5) does not admit variational structure. As for (6), the presence of the integral term (non-local term) requires us to treat this term more delicately. In fact, we have achieved our goals thanks to some new ideas. More precisely, for (5), we carry out a delicate control of the solution so that it always stays in the domain where the non linearity is defined with no ambiguity. For (6), we control the oscillation of the non-local term to keep it small enough, and this allows us to deduce its convergence
Garnier, Florent. "Terminaison en temps moyen fini de systèmes de règles probabilistes." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186774.
Full textMoulay, Emmanuel Perruquetti Wilfrid. "Une contribution à l'étude de la stabilité en temps fini et de la stabilisation." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/984.
Full textTitre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. [125]-130. Index.
Bhiri, Bassem. "Stabilité et stabilisation en temps fini des systèmes dynamiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0100/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the finite time stability and the finite time stabilization of dynamic systems. Indeed, it is often important to ensure that during the transient regime, the state trajectories do not exceed certain predefined limits in order to avoid saturations and excitations of the nonlinearities of the system. Hence the interest is to study the stability of the dynamic system in finite time. A dynamic system is said to be stable in finite time (FTS) if, for any initial state belonging to a predetermined bounded set, the state trajectory remains within another predetermined bounded set for a finite and fixed time. When the system is disturbed, it is called finite time boundedness (FTB). In this manuscript, the goal is to improve the results of finite time stability used in the literature. First, new sufficient conditions expressed in terms of LMIs for the synthesis of an FTB controller by dynamic output feedback have been developed via an original descriptor approach. An original method has been proposed which consists in using a particular congruence transformation. Second, new LMI conditions for the study of finite time stability and finite time stabilization have been proposed for disturbed and undisturbed nonlinear quadratic systems. Third, to obtain even less conservative conditions, new developments have been proposed using polynomial Lyapunov functions
Silm, Haik Jan. "Estimation distribuée et en temps fini pour les systèmes en réseau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0006.
Full textThis thesis is a broad treatment of the distributed state estimation problem for linear systems. In this setting, a network of observer nodes collectively estimates the state of a dynamical system, since individually they are not able to do so. The proposed solution consists of a distributed observer which uses diffusive coupling and leads to three complementary contributions. The first one considers exponential convergence with arbitrary rates. Various design approaches are put into a unified framework to facilitate their comparison. To characterize the feasibility of the designs, the notion of distributed observability with respect to the graph of the network is introduced, which is akin to observability in centralized state estimation. It is concluded that a more general design procedure is desirable to reduce the size of exchanged information and to account for delays. The second contribution is the design of distributed observers where the estimates reach the state of the system exactly in a finite time, in contrast to the asymptotic convergence of the preceding linear designs. Sufficient bounds on the gain parameters are obtained using the concept of homogeneity. As a third contribution, an advantage of distributed observers is demonstrated by taking into account the specific effects of communications. In a numerical example, diffusively coupled observer nodes achieve a better performance compared to the direct transmission of partial outputs
Moulay, Emmanuel. "Une contribution à l'étude de la stabilité en temps fini et de la stabilisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00114333.
Full textLa deuxième partie de ce mémoire est consacrée à la stabilisation en utilisant les fonctions de Lyapunov contrôlées. Une large part est dédiée à la stabilisation en temps fini.
Langueh, Kokou Anani Agbessi. "Estimation en temps fini de systèmes non linéaires et à retards avec application aux systèmes en réseau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0012/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the topology identification problem for network of dynamical complex systems, whose subsystems are described by ordinary differential equations (ODE) and/or delay differential equations (DDE). The first part of this work focuses on the parameters identification of the network of linear systems. Thus, different classes of linear systems have been treated namely systems without delay, systems with commensurable delay and systems with unknown inputs. An impulsive observer is proposed in order to identify both the states and the unknown parameters of the considered class of dynamic system in finite time. In order to guarantee the existence of the proposed impulsive observer, sufficient conditions are deduced. An illustrative example is given in order to show the efficiency of the proposed finite-time observer.The second part of this work treats the topology identification of the network of nonlinear dynamic systems. In our considerations, the topology connections are represented as constant parameters, therefore the topology identification is equivalent to identify the unknown parameters. A sufficient condition on parameter identifiability is firstly deduced, and then a uniform differentiator with finite-time convergence is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters
Lebastard, Vincent. "La robotique à pattes : un champ d'application pour les observateurs non linéaires à convergence en temps fini." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2121.
Full textThis work deals with the estimation of the absolute orientation of a biped robot evolving in the sagittal plane, by only measuring the relative variables. Four steps are necessary to resolve this problem: the observability study, the observer synthesis, the stability study and finally the experimental validation. The observability property of the absolute orientation is verified by studying the observability criterion. Using this criterion a loss of observability appears during the step. In order to avoid this singularity, two strategies have been developed: the first one consists in changing the observer into an estimator in the neighborhood of observability singularity; the second one consists in designing two structures of observers based on different observability indices, which allows that, at each time, the observer is computable. Two kinds of observers are studied: high gain observers and sliding modes observers. The first one is used in order to validate observers strategies. Second ones, with their finite time convergence and robustness properties greatly simplify the stability proof (based on Poincaré's section). Observers have been experimentally validated on RABBIT biped
Azaiez, Asma. "Les singularités en temps fini pour les équations semi-linéaires des ondes." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132046.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the finite time blow-up phenomena for the semilinear waves equations. We treat two models in this work.In the first part, we consider a complex-valued solution for the semilinear wave equation with power nonlinearity. We first characterize all the solutions of the associated stationary problem as a two-parameter family. Then, weuse a dynamical system formulation to show that the solution in self-similar variables approaches some particular stationary one in the energy norm, in the non-characteristic case. This gives the blow-up profile for the original equation in the non-characteristic case.The second part is dedicated to the study of the semilinear wave equation with exponential nonlinearity in one space dimension. We generalize the results of Godin to a much larger class of initial data. We prove blow-up estimates near any point and give an optimal bound on the blow-up rate near the non characteristic points
Verbèke, Cédric. "Quelques modèles d'équations d'évolution des surfaces : existence globale, explosion en temps fini et diverses propriétés qualitatives." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2347.
Full textWe are interested in equations modelling the viscous flows of thin films subject to phenomena like wetting, drainig flows, spreading droplets, mechanic etc. These situations lead to higher order nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations depending on the fluid film height denoted by h=h(x,t). Under conditions on the initial data and parameters of the problems, we give some results on existence, uniqueness, stability or blow-up time of solutions of generalized models of fourth order equations, and also of a model having a sixth order linear term. Then we use our method to solve a family of equations related to fluid mechanic. Existence and estimate of a blow-up time is shown
Ghoul, Tej-eddine. "Etude de solutions non globales d’équations d’évolution non linéaires." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_ghoul.pdf.
Full textIn this memory, we study the phenomenon of explosion in finite time for sign changing solution of the following equation : [. . . ] This result extends a similar result of Cazenave, Dickstein, and Weissler [. . . ]
Guerra, Matteo. "Le déploiement et l'évitement d'obstacles en temps fini pour robots mobiles à roues." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0024/document.
Full textThis dissertation work addresses the obstacle avoidance for wheeled mobile robots. The supervisory control framework coupled with the output regulation technique allowed to solve the obstacle avoidance problem and to formally prove the existence of an effective solution: two outputs for two objectives, reaching the goal and avoiding the obstacles. To have fast, reliable and robust results the designed control laws are finite-time, a particular class very appropriate to the purpose. The novelty of the approach lies in the easiness of the geometric approach to avoid the obstacle and on the formal proof provided under some assumptions. The solution have been thus extended to control a leader follower formation which, sustained from the previous result, uses two outputs but three controls to nail the problem. The Leader role is redesigned to be the reference of the group and not just the most advanced agent, moreover it has a active role slowing down the formation in case of collision avoidance manoeuvre for some robots. The proposed method, formally proven, makes the group move together and allow each agent to avoid obstacles or collision in a decentralized way. In addition, a further contribution of this dissertation, it is represented by a modification of the well known potential field method to avoid one of the common drawback of the method: the appearance of local minima. Control theory tools helps again to propose a solution that can be formally proven: the application of the definition of Input-to-State Stability (ISS) for decomposable sets allows to treat separate obstacles adding a perturbation which is able to move the trajectory away from a critic point
Menard, Tomas. "Application de l'homogénéité à la théorie des observateurs non linéaires." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633713.
Full textLopez, Ramirez Francisco. "Control and estimation in finite-time and in fixed-time via implicit Lyapunov functions." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I063/document.
Full textThis work presents new results on analysis and synthesis of finite-time and fixed-time stable systems, a type of dynamical systems where exact convergence to an equilibrium point is guaranteed in a finite amount of time. In the case of fixed-time stable system, this is moreover achieved with an upper bound on the settling-time that does not depend on the system’s initial condition.Chapters 2 and 3 focus on theoretical contributions; the former presents necessary and sufficient conditions for fixed-time stability of continuous autonomous systems whereas the latter introduces a framework that gathers ISS Lyapunov functions, finite-time and fixed-time stability analysis and the implicit Lyapunov function approach in order to study and determine the robustness of this type of systems.Chapters 4 and 5 deal with more practical aspects, more precisely, the synthesis of finite-time and fixed-time controllers and observers. In Chapter 4, finite-time and fixed-time convergent observers are designed for linear MIMO systems using the implicit approach. In Chapter 5, homogeneity properties and the implicit approach are used to design a fixed-time output controller for the chain of integrators. The results obtained were verified by numerical simulations and Chapter 4 includes performance tests on a rotary pendulum
Dannawi, Ihab. "Contributions aux équations d'évolutions non locales en espace-temps." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS007/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study four non-local evolution equations. The solutions of these four equations can blow up in finite time. In the theory of nonlinear evolution equations, a solution is qualified as global if it isdefined for any time. Otherwise, if a solution exists only on a bounded interval [0; T), it is called local solution. In this case and when the maximum time of existence is related to a blow up alternative, we say that the solution blows up in finite time. First, we consider the nonlinear Schröodinger equation with a fractional power of the Laplacien operator, and we get a blow up result in finite time Tmax > 0 for any non-trivial non-negative initial condition in the case of sub-critical exponent. Next, we study a damped wave equation with a space-time potential and a non-local in time non-linear term. We obtain a result of local existence of a solution in the energy space under some restrictions on the initial data, the dimension of the space and the growth of nonlinear term. Additionally, we get a blow up result of the solution in finite time for any initial condition positive on average. In addition, we study a Cauchy problem for the evolution p-Laplacien equation with nonlinear memory. We study the local existence of a solution of this equation as well as a result of non-existence of global solution. Finally, we study the maximum interval of existence of solutions of the porous medium equation with a nonlinear non-local in time term
Bernuau, Emmanuel. "Robustesse et stabilité des systèmes non-linéaires : un point de vue basé sur l'homogénéité." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917798.
Full textElena, Soare Negoita. "Le supin roumain et la théorie des catégories mixtes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149608.
Full textGucik-Derigny, David. "CONTRIBUTION AU PRONOSTIC DES SYSTÈMES NON LINÉAIRES À BASE DE MODÈLES : THÉORIE ET APPLICATION." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30032.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the problem of a complex system prognosis. More precisely, it concerns the model-based prognosis approach and the thesis is divided into three main contributions. First of all, a definition of prognosis concept is proposed as a first contribution and is positionned in reference to the diagnosis and predictive diagnosis concepts. For that, a notion of temporal constraint is introduced to give all pertinence to the prediction achieved. It is also shown how prognosis is linked to the finite time reachability notion. The second contribution is dedicated to the use of finite time convergence observer for the prognosis problem. A prognosis methodology is presented for nonlinear multiple time scale systems. Then, a last contribution is introduced through the use of interval observer for the prognosis problem. A pronognosis methodology is proposed for nonlinear uncertain multiple time scale systems. To illustrate the theorical results, simulations are achieved based on a model of an electromechanical oscillator system
Bernuau, Emmanuel. "Robustesse et stabilité des systèmes non-linéaires : un point de vue basé sur l’homogénéité." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0015/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the study of stability and robustness properties of nonlinear systems using homogeneity-based methods. Firstly, we recall the usual context of homogeneous systems as well as their main features. The sequel of this work extends the homogenization of nonlinear systems, which was already defined in the framework of weighted homogeneity, to the more general setting of the geometric homogeneity. The main approximation results are extended. Then we develop a theoretical framework for defining homogeneity of discontinuous systems and/or systems given by a differential inclusion. We show that the well-known properties of homogeneous systems persist in this context. This work is continued by a study of the robustness properties of homogeneous or homogenizable systems. We show that under mild assumptions, these systems are input-to-state stable. Finally, the last part of this work consists in the study of the example of the double integrator system. We synthesize a finite-time stabilizing output feedback, which is shown to be robust with respect to perturbations or discretization by using techniques developed before. Simulations conclude the theoretical study of this system and illustrate its behavior
Delaplace, Guillaume. "Agitation de fluides fortement visqueux newtonien ou non par des agitateurs de proximité, type ancre et rubans hélicoïdaux." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10283.
Full textDestyl, Edes. "Modélisation et analyse de systèmes d'équations de Schrödinger non linéaires." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0283/document.
Full textThe works of this thesis concern the modeling and the numerical study of thesystems of two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. At first, we considered aparity-time-symmetric system of the two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equationsthat modeled phenomenons in birefringent nonlinear optical fiber. We studythe behavior of the solution in some spaces like the Sobolev space H1. And we studythe numerical aspect of the model which clearly shows the behavior of the solutionin the chosen space. For the same model in higher dimension, we establish sufficientconditions for the initial conditions to blow up in finite time for some nonlinearityand for others we do the numerical study of the model and we present some casesof blowing up of the solution in finite time and also of the solutions of the modelthat exist all the time. On the other hand, we address a new model of discrete nonlinearSchrödinger equations PT -symmetric. A such model describes dynamics inthe chain of weakly coupled pendula pairs near the resonance between the parametricallydriven force and the linear frequency of each pendulum. In order to studythe stability of the pendulums, we establish sufficient conditions on the parametersof the model so that the equilibrium solution is stable. Numerical experiments arepresented to validate the analytical results and to characterize the unstabilizationof the coupled pendulum chain in the region of instability
Chu, Xing. "Commande distribuée, en poursuite, d'un système multi-robots non holonomes en formation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0035/document.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to study the distributed tracking control problem for the multi-robot formation systems with nonholonomic constraint, of which the control objective it to drive a team of unicycle-type mobile robots to form one desired formation configuration with its centroid moving along with another dynamic reference trajectory, which can be specified by the virtual leader or human. We consider several problems in this point, ranging from finite-time stability andfixed-time stability, event-triggered communication and control mechanism, kinematics and dynamics, continuous-time systems and hybrid systems. The tracking control problem has been solved in this thesis via developing diverse practical distributed controller with the consideration of faster convergence rate, higher control accuracy, stronger robustness, explicit and independent convergence time estimate, less communication cost and energy consumption.In the first part of the thesis, we first study the finite-time stability for the multi-robot formation systems in Chapter 2. To improve the pior results, a novel class of finite-time controller is further proposed in Chapter 3, which is also called fixed-time controller. The dynamics of nonholonomic multi-robot formation systems is considered in Chapter 4. In the second part, we first investigate the event-triggered communication and control mechanism on the nonholonomic multi-robot formation tracking systems in Chapter 5. Moreover, in order to develop a digital implement scheme, we propose another class of periodic event-triggered controller based on fixed-time observer in Chapter 6
Ben, slimene Byrame. "Comportement asymptotique des solutions globales pour quelques problèmes paraboliques non linéaires singuliers." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD059/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the nonlinear parabolic equation ∂ t u = ∆u + a |x|⎺⥾ |u|ᵅ u, t > 0, x ∈ Rᴺ \ {0}, N ≥ 1, ⍺ ∈ R, α > 0, 0 < Ƴ < min(2,N) and with initial value u(0) = φ. We establish local well-posedness in Lq(Rᴺ) and in Cₒ(Rᴺ). In particular, the value q = N ⍺/(2 − γ) plays a critical role.For ⍺ > (2 − γ)/N, we show the existence of global self-similar solutions with initial values φ(x) = ω(x) |x|−(2−γ)/⍺, where ω ∈ L∞(Rᴺ) is homogeneous of degree 0 and ||ω||∞ is sufficiently small. We then prove that if φ(x)∼ω(x) |x| ⎺(²⎺⥾)/⍺ for |x| large, then the solution is global and is asymptotic in the L∞-norm to a self-similar solution of the nonlinear equation. While if φ(x)∼ω(x) |x| (x)|x|−σ for |x| large with (2 − γ)/α < σ < N, then the solution is global but is asymptotic in the L∞-norm toe t(ω(x) |x|−σ). The equation with more general potential, ∂ t u = ∆u + V(x) |u|ᵅ u, V(x) |x |⥾ ∈ L∞(Rᴺ), is also studied. In particular, for initial data φ(x)∼ω(x) |x| ⎺(²⎺⥾)/⍺, |x| large , we show that the large time behavior is linear if V is compactly supported near the origin, while it is nonlinear if V is compactly supported near infinity. we study also the nonlinear parabolic system ∂ t u = ∆u + a |x|⎺⥾ |v|ᴾ⎺¹v, ∂ t v = ∆v + b |x|⎺ ᴾ |u|q⎺¹ u, t > 0, x ∈ Rᴺ \ {0}, N ≥ 1, a,b ∈ R, 0 < y < min(2,N)? 0 < p < min(2,N), p,q > 1. Under conditions on the parameters p, q, γ and ρ we show the existence and uniqueness of global solutions for initial values small with respect of some norms. In particular, we show the existence of self-similar solutions with initial value Φ = (φ₁, φ₂), where φ₁, φ₂ are homogeneous initial data. We also prove that some global solutions are asymptotic for large time to self-similar solutions. As a second objective we consider the nonlinear heat equation ut = ∆u + |u|ᴾ⎺¹u - |u| q⎺¹u, where t ≥ 0 and x ∈ Ω, the unit ball of Rᴺ, N ≥ 3, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Let h be a radially symmetric, sign-changing stationary solution of (E). We prove that the solution of (E) with initial value λ h blows up in finite time if |λ − 1| > 0 is sufficiently small and if 1 < q < p < Ps = N+2/N−2 and p sufficiently close to Ps. This proves that the set of initial data for which the solution is global is not star-shaped around 0
Yeganefar, Nima. "Définitions et analyse de stabilités pour les systèmes à retard non linéaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136239.
Full textNaceur, Nahed. "Une méthode de décomposition de domaine pour la résolution numérique d’une équation non-linéaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0149.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is to present a theoretical analysis and a numerical resolution of a type of quasi-linear elliptic and parabolic equations. These equations present an important role to model phenomena in population dynamics and chemical reactions. We started this thesis with the theoretical study of a quasi-linear elliptical equation for which we demonstrated the existence of a weak non-negative solution under more general hypotheses than those considered in previous works. Then we inspired a new method based on Newton’s method and the domain decomposition method without and with overlapping. Then, we recalled some theoretical aspects concerning the existence, the uniqueness and the regularity of the solution of a parabolic equation called Fujita equation. We also recalled results about the existence of the global solution and the maximum time of existence in the case of blow-up. In order to calculate a numerical approximation of the solution of this type of equation, we introduced a finite element discretization in the space variable and a Crank-Nicholson scheme for the time discretization. To solve the discrete nonlinear problem we implemented a Newton’s method coupled with a domain decomposition method. We have shown that the method is well posed. Another type of parabolic equation known as the Chipot-Weissler equation has also been treated. First, we recalled theoretical results concerning this equation. Then, based on the numerical methods studied previously, a numerical approximation of the solution of this equation was calculated. In the last section of each chapter of this thesis we presented numerical simulations illustrating the performance of the algorithms studied and its compatibility with the theory
Abboud, Hyam. "Schémas à deux-grilles pour la résolution du problème de Navier-Stokes instationnaire incompressible." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132658.
Full textPal, Olivier. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique des ouvrages grâce à des éléments finis de haute précision." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10189.
Full textDe, Jesus Samuel. "Non-lieux. Hors-temps. Pour une iconographie contemporaine et photographique de la saudade." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030077.
Full textWhich relations can the saudade, major expression of the Portuguese literature of the XVIth century, maintain a priori with contemporary photography? If saudade, phenomenon described by the poet Almeida Garett as a « delicious pain of the heart », born of the puncture of « a cruel spine », wakes up the remembrance related to a beloved being or place – whose absence, lack or loss cause us as much sadness as joy –, remains not easily translatable, and often continues to be comparable with the melancholy. However saudade also appears as a singular thought operating a temporal and spatial synthesis coming from man’s experience of the world, a « virtual » collage governed like a true layout of images. How can this feeling consequently find in photography a place of representation? Which symptoms, which “marks” thus come to reveal us its possible forms of application? Which paradoxes can also emerge, as soon as we try to withdraw them since their dormancy, or to reveal présent by their own absence, all that was, one day, but which is not anymore, or perhaps, the peculiar hope of what has not occurred yet? It is with these main questions that this thesis will try to answer, by exploring a corpus made up mainly among a choice of French and Brazilian contemporary photographs, but does not omit nevertheless other visual sources, such as paintings, engravings, films, performances, or often ephemeral installations. It is also trying to understand how this concept finally comes to compose a photographic iconography of an image-saudade which reveals itself as rich as complex and paradoxal
Sauvy, Paul. "Étude de quelques problèmes elliptiques et paraboliques quasi-linéaires avec singularités." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3020/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the mathematical field of nonlinear partial differential equations analysis. More precisely, we focus on quasilinear and singular problems. By singularity, we mean that the problems that we have considered involve a nonlinearity in the equation which blows-up near the boundary. This singular pattern gives rise to a lack of regularity and compactness that prevent the straightforward applications of classical methods in nonlinear analysis used for proving existence of solutions and for establishing the regularity properties and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions. To overcome this difficulty, we establish estimations on the precise behavior of the solutions near the boundary combining several techniques : monotonicity method (related to the maximum principle), variational method, convexity arguments, fixed point methods and semi-discretization in time. Throughout the study of three problems involving the p-Laplacian operator, we show how to apply this different methods. The three chapters of this dissertation the describes results we get :– In Chapter I, we study a singular elliptic absorption problem. By using sub- and super-solutions and variational methods, we prove the existence of the solutions. In the case of a strong singularity, by using local comparison techniques, we also prove that the compact support of the solution. In Chapter II, we study a singular elliptic system. By using fixed point and monotonicity arguments, we establish two general theorems on the existence of solution. In a second time, we more precisely analyse the Gierer-Meinhardt systems which model some biological phenomena. We prove some results about the uniqueness and the precise behavior of the solutions. In Chapter III, we study a singular parabolic absorption problem. By using a semi-discretization in time method, we establish the existence of a solution. Moreover, by using differential energy inequalities, we prove that the solution vanishes in finite time. This phenomenon is called "quenching"
Amorim, Paulo. "Équations hyperboliques non-linéaires sur les variétés : méthodes de volumes finis et méthodes spectrales." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066103.
Full textMendonça, Frederico Estorninho. "Os desafios da gestão financeira das IPSSs em tempos de crise orçamental." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11309.
Full textAs entidades sem fins lucrativos são estruturas fundamentais para garantir a coesão social através da prestação de serviços e apoio às comunidades em que se encontram inseridas. Este trabalho aborda a questão da sustentabilidade financeira destas organizações, tendo por base uma revisão de literatura sobre a temática em causa e a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O propósito é confrontar a informação obtida através da análise da literatura com as práticas de gestão financeira adoptadas pelas instituições. Os resultados da investigação possibilitam afirmar que as organizações sem fins lucrativos se encontram excessivamente dependentes do financiamento público e possuem poucos activos financeiros capazes de financiar as suas actividades. Os recursos de que dispõem afiguram-se bem alocados, no entanto a situação de incerteza em que o sector se encontra não permite que estas entidades consigam planear o futuro de maneira a assegurar a sua sustentabilidade a longo-prazo.
Non-profit organizations are key to promoting social cohesion through the services and support they render to their home communities. This work takes on the question of the financial sustainability of these organizations by carrying out a literature review about the subject and by performing semi-structured interviews. The purpose is to compare the findings gathered during the literature review with the financial management practices of the institutions. The results of the investigation show that non-profits are heavily dependent on government funding and do not own financial assets capable of supporting their activities. The available resources are well allotted yet the uncertainty regarding the whole sector hinders institutions ability to plan ahead in order to ensure their long-term continuity.
Catella, Adrien. "Schémas d'intégration en temps efficaces pour la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell instationnaires par des méthodes Galerkin discontinues d'ordre élevé en maillages non-structurés." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4106.
Full textThis general objective of this study is the development and assesment of efficient time integration scheme for Discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method on unstructured tetraedral meshes for numerical resolution of Maxwell equations. In first part of this thesis, we remind Maxwell's equations and summarize main numerical methods used to solve this system. In the second part, we present the Discontinuous Galerkin method based on centred approximations for generic order. In this chapter, we focuse to time explicit scheme. We detailed, in third chapter, the main part of this work, in other words time implicit scheme, especially the Crank-Nicolson scheme, which is most studied in scientific litterature and in a second time a scheme of order 4 obtained by the defect correction technique. We realized a comparative study of both solvers (iterative and direct) to solve the linear system in chapter 4. For a memory space consideration , we apply the implicit scheme on a subdomain only. To do this, we use a hybrid explicit/implicit scheme. On chapter 6, we present the results 3D obtained with this method. Problems considered has several millions unknowns
Hamiaz, Adnane. "Étude d'une méthode volumes finis pour la résolution d'un modèle non linéaire d'un couplage Maxwell/plasma dans le domaine temporel." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1711/.
Full textThis thesis presents the study of an efficient numerical method to solve the Maxwell equations coupled with a fluid plasma model. The document is split into five chapters where we introduce the formulation of the physical model, a mathematical study to demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the problem, numerical approximations of the equations, simulations and validations on 3D and 2D examples and a prospective work on a finite volume method with adaptative mesh for the 1D case. The accent is continuously put on the choice of the most efficient numerical approximation to solve the coupled problem. In this work, we exhibit the drawbacks of the finite difference method usually employed in this context. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a method based upon a finite volume scheme which allows the capability to use local refinements. Then, to increase the gain in time CPU and memory storage, we introduce a local time-stepping scheme
Kervella, Marine. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation numérique de la spectroscopie optique des tissus biologiques : application à l'imagerie moléculaire de fluorescence résolue en temps." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433858.
Full textAit, Hammou Oulhaj Ahmed. "Conception et analyse de schémas non-linéaires pour la résolution de problèmes paraboliques : application aux écoulements en milieux poreux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10215/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the design and the analysis of efficient numerical schemes for the simulation of complex flows in porous media. First, we propose a nonlinear Control Volume Finite Element scheme (CVFE) in order to approximate the solution of Richards equation with anisotropy. This scheme is based on a suitable upwinding of the mobility which allows the negative transmissibility coefficients. We prove the nonlinear stability of the scheme, that there exists (at least) one discrete solution and that the saturation belongs to the interval [0,1]. Moreover, the convergence of the method is proved as the discretization steps tend to 0. We give some numerical experiments on isotropic and anisotropic cases illustrate the efficiency of the method. Second, we propose and analyze a finite volume scheme based on two-point flux approximation with upwind mobilities for a seawater intrusion model. The scheme preserves at the discrete level the main features of the continuous problem, namely the nonnegativity of the solutions, the decay of the energy and the control of the entropy and its dissipation. We show the convergence of this scheme. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the behavior of the model. Finally, the large time behaviour of the seawater intrusion model is studied. The goal is to identify the steady states which are the minimizers of a convex energy. We prove for the continuous problem the existence and uniqueness of the minimizers of the energy, that the minimizers are stationary states and that these stationary states are radial and unique. We give numerical illustrations of the stationary states and we exhibit the convergence rate
Benoit, David, and David Benoit. "Divers problèmes théoriques et numériques liés à la simulation de fluides non newtoniens." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973407.
Full textOlech, Michał. "Systèmes d'évolution non linéaires et leurs applications." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112250.
Full textThe first part is devoted to the analysis of two mean-field problems describing particles which interact with themselves either by electrical or gravitational forces. We first investigate steady state solutions for a problem with gravitational forces. We use methods of ordinary differential equations as well as variational methods to obtain the uniqueness and existence of many stationary solutions. Using methods of functional analysis, ordinary differential equations and fixed point theorems, we then prove the existence of global in time solutions of a system of partial differential equations describing the time evolution of a cloud of electrically charged particles. Moreover, we describe the large time behavior of solutions as t tends to infinity. We are especially interested in the two-dimensional case, when the system is considered in the whole space R^2. We show that in the case of small initial conditions the large time behavior of the solutions much differs from that in the higher-dimensional case. The second part involves a nonlinear parabolic reaction-diffusion system which both includes a linear model for intercellular transport in eukarya, and a reversible chemical reaction. We prove a contraction property in L^1 for the semigroup associated with the system. Then, using a Lyapunov functional, we show the convergence of the solutions to suitable steady states as t tends to infinity. In the linear case we prove the existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions in space dimensions 1, 2, 3 and 4. In the last chapter we investigate a numerical finite volume scheme for the nonlinear system modeling fast reversible chemical reactions. For the convergence proof we search for discrete versions of standard a priori estimates, comparison principles and compactness theorems. Moreover, we perform numerical experiments for the concrete example of a real chemical reaction
Benoit, David. "Divers problèmes théoriques et numériques liés à la simulation de fluides non newtoniens." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1004/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the modelling, the mathematical analysis and the simulation of non-Newtonian fluids. Some fluids in an intermediate liquid-solid phase are particularly considered: aging fluids. Modelling scales are macroscopic and mesoscopic. In Chapter 1, we introduce the models and give the main results obtained. In Chapter 2, we present numerical simulations of a macroscopic two-dimensional model. The finite element method used for discretization is described. For the flow past a cylinder test-case, phenomena at play in aging fluids are observed. The Chapter 3 contains a mathematical analysis of the one-dimensional version of the system of partial differential equations used for the simulations. We show well-posedness and investigate the longtime behaviour of the solution. In the last chapter, macroscopic equations are derived from a mesoscopic equation. The mathematical analysis of this mesoscopic equation is also carried out
Zemouche, Ali. "Sur l'observation de l'état des systèmes dynamiques non linéaires." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353220.
Full textAli, Hassan Sarah. "Estimations d'erreur a posteriori et critères d'arrêt pour des solveurs par décomposition de domaine et avec des pas de temps locaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066098/document.
Full textThis work contributes to the developpement of a posteriori error estimates and stopping criteria for domain decomposition methods with optimized Robin transmission conditions on the interface between subdomains. We study several problems. First, we tackle the steady diffusion equation using the mixed finite element subdomain discretization. Then the heat equation using the mixed finite element method in space and the discontinuous Galerkin scheme of lowest order in time is investigated. For the heat equation, a global-in-time domain decomposition method is used for both conforming and nonconforming time grids allowing for different time steps in different subdomains. This work is then extended to a two-phase flow model using a finite volume scheme in space. For each model, the multidomain formulation can be rewritten as an interface problem which is solved iteratively. Here at each iteration, local subdomain problems are solved, and information is then transferred to the neighboring subdomains. For unsteady problems, the subdomain problems are time-dependent and information is transferred via a space-time interface. The aim of this work is to bound the error between the exact solution and the approximate solution at each iteration of the domain decomposition algorithm. Different error components, such as the domain decomposition error, are identified in order to define efficient stopping criteria for the domain decomposition algorithm. More precisely, for the steady diffusion problem, the error of the domain decomposition method and that of the discretization in space are estimated separately. In addition, the time error for the unsteady problems is identified. Our a posteriori estimates are based on the reconstruction techniques for pressures and fluxes respectively in the spaces H1 and H(div). For the fluxes, local Neumann problems in bands arround the interfaces extracted from the subdomains are solved. Consequently, an effective criterion to stop the domain decomposition iterations is developed. Numerical experiments, both academic and more realistic with industrial data, are shown to illustrate the efficiency of these techniques. In particular, different time steps in different subdomains for the industrial example are used
Goudenège, Ludovic. "Quelques résultats sur l'équation de Cahn-Hilliard stochastique et déterministe." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439022.
Full textRodriguez, Samuel. "Phénomènes ondulatoires dans les lignes d'admission d'air et leur influence sur les performances des moteurs à combustion interne." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30094.
Full textThe pressure wave generated by the moving of the piston during the intake stroke of an internal combustion engine propagates in the duct carrying cool gases and comes back to the cylinder by reflections. Acoustic phenomena can increase the amount of air trapped in the engine by 30% and so its performances. Acoustic propagation in ducts carrying a turbulent flow is modelled in one and three dimensions. The input impedance is calculated and compared to the results of a new measurement procedure with steady flows up to Mach number M=0. 15. A new method for measuring transfer matrices without flow has also been developed. Its results agree well with theory. The effect of acoustic properties of intake systems in the amount of air trapped in a one cylinder engine is modelled as a non-linear coupling of the combustion chamber with the input impedance, by a mechanical analogy. The acoustic pressures computed agree fairly well with the pressures measured in two different intake systems of a one-cylinder cold engine. The link between the acoustic properties of the intake duct expressed in the frequency domain alone and the volumetric efficiency of a cylinder has been quantified on a large range of running speed for the first time. In a multi-cylinder engine, the timing difference between intake strokes produces interferences in the intake system. The calculated impedance matrix and the study of phase explain a performance difference between cylinders that occurs in a turbocharged engine
Houhou, Noureddine. "Durabilité des interfaces collées béton/renforts composites : développement d'une méthodologie d'étude basée sur un dispositif de fluage innovant conçu pour être couplé à un vieillissement hygrothermique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765147.
Full textRiedlin, Frédérique. "Penser l'incroyance pour penser notre temps : logiques du croire et du savoir dans une société qui a proclamé successivement "la mort de Dieu", "la fin des idéologies", et la "chute de la fonction paternelle", à partir de la subversion psychanalytique : ouvrir un champ, élaborer une clinique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC299.
Full textWhat about disbelief in a society, in a culture that proclaimed 'the death of God' in its philosophy, 'the end of ideologies' in its political theory, 'the fall of father function' in its psychological and anthropological theories ? Was it simply the effect of a post-traumatic defense against the traumatisms of the last century and the precarity of the future? Or is it a real structural modification of our symbolic system? Our statement is that the psychoanalytic approach, precisely Freud and Lacan's approaches of belief and disbelief, both obvious and latent in their theories, led to the possibility of subverting a reductive and common sense of atheism, and thinking the founding principles of a contemporary disbelief, beyond its only religious or psychological dimension, between challenge, default and defeat, as a symptom of our times but also as the invention of a new approach of the real, based on the opening of a new research field, that we'll call after Lacan's expression « beyond the divine logic » Our approach from there, is to identify and lay the groundwork of this field, first by excavating the psychics fundamentals of belief and disbelief, then by working on the articulations and the demarcations between scientific and psychoanalytic disbelief through lacanian references to Descartes, Cantor, and Joyce, to finally develop the first psychological, clinical, philosophical, and social implications and applications of this field
Cheaytou, Rima. "Etude des méthodes de pénalité-projection vectorielle pour les équations de Navier-Stokes avec conditions aux limites ouvertes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4715.
Full textMotivated by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with open boundary conditions, this thesis studies the Vector Penalty-Projection method denoted VPP, which is a splitting method in time. We first present a literature review of the projection methods addressing the issue of the velocity-pressure coupling in the incompressible Navier-Stokes system. First, we focus on the case of Dirichlet conditions on the entire boundary. The numerical tests show a second-order convergence in time for both the velocity and the pressure. They also show that the VPP method is fast and cheap in terms of number of iterations at each time step. In addition, we established for the Stokes problem optimal error estimates for the velocity and pressure and the numerical experiments are in perfect agreement with the theoretical results. However, the incompressibility constraint is not exactly equal to zero and it scales as O(varepsilondelta t) where $varepsilon$ is a penalty parameter chosen small enough and delta t is the time step. Moreover, we deal with the natural outflow boundary condition. Three types of outflow boundary conditions are presented and numerically tested for the projection step. We perform quantitative comparisons of the results with those obtained by other methods in the literature. Besides, a theoretical study of the VPP method with outflow boundary conditions is stated and the numerical tests prove to be in good agreement with the theoretical results. In the last chapter, we focus on the numerical study of the VPP scheme with a nonlinear open artificial boundary condition modelling a singular load for the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes problem
Gautier, Eric. "Grandes déviations pour des équations de Schrödinger non linéaires stochastiques et applications." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011274.
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