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1
Drebet, Mikhail, Vadym Martyniuk, and Anastasia Lishchuk. "Acoustic monitoring of bats: experience of organization in protected areas of Podillia." Theriologia Ukrainica 2021, no. 21 (July 1, 2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tu2111.
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Most of the available data on bats in the national park are related to the monitoring of their number in wintering sites, and the study of summering bat populations remains an important task for further monitoring of biodiversity of the Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park. Bats are an important indicator group of animals for assessing the state of conservation of faunal groups and studying the dynamics of biodiversity of nature reserves. Bats depend on the availability of suitable sites and are the first to respond to changes in the natural habitat. Acoustic monitoring was carried out using an Echo Meter Touch Ultrasonic Modules detector and a Xiaomi Mi A2 Lite smartphone. The analysis of sound signals was performed in the Echo Meter software (version 2.7.23) from Wildlife Acoustics, as well as in the Kaleidoscope bat software. Bats were also trapped using mist nets. Natural shelters were inspected using a Trotec BO26 professional endoscope. Ten species of bats were studied: Myotis nattereri, Myotis daubentonii, Plecotus auritus, Barbastella barbastellus, Nyctalus leisleri, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus nathusii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, and Eptesicus serotinus. The most common are species of the genus Pipistrellus and the species Nyctalus noctula (47.5%). River valleys are important migration corridors for migratory animal species. Seasonal activity of bats on survey transects is characterized by two peaks: spring (May) and autumn (September) migration periods. Acoustic activity of bats on survey transects lasts for eight months, from March to November. Autumn migration activity is longer than in spring. In the first decade of October, several thousand individuals of Nyctalus noctula were recorded flying in the valley of the Muksha River, near Tarasivka village, Kamianets-Podilsky Raion. The obtained data will improve the performance of work on assessing the state of conservation of faunal groups and changes in natural ecosystems. Preliminary results of the study will contribute to the organization of the program of acoustic monitoring of bats of the Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park.
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Dato-on, Mary Conway, Mary Joyce, and Chris Manolis. "Creating effective customer relationships in not-for-profit retailing: the Ten Thousand Villages example." International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 11, no. 4 (2006): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.277.
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Langer, Lawrence N. "Rus’ and the Mongol Decimal System." Russian History 44, no. 4 (December 23, 2017): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04404006.
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This essay examines the problem of basqaqs and the Mongol decimal system in Appanage Rus’. It surveys the functions of the basqaqs or daruγas and the importance of the divisions of ten thousand and thousands in the Mongol Empire. In Appanage Rus’ the decimal system was of less importance for the organization of the Rus’ian armies than it was for the administration of the tribute and the collection of other taxes, especially on the local rural level. In Rus’ the Mongol division of ten thousand (tümen) was separated from its military connotations and became associated with the rural district of the volost and rural officials known as the hundredmen and tenmen. The essay reviews the various functions the hundredmen played in Europe and their place, together with the tenmen, in Appanage Rus’ for the collection of the tribute. At the same time, the thousandman or chiliarch gradually disappeared in northeastern Rus’.
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Petrova, Zoya K., and Victoria O. Dolgova. "The Revival of Rural Settlements and Cultural Landscape." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2019-1-70-77.
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The relevance of the topics investigated due to acute socioeconomic problems of extinction of Russian villages. Desertification is in the process of disappearance ten thousand villages, which continues its devastating pace. The article addressed the issue of the revival of Russian villages, construction, and upgrading of rural settlements based on the realization of the Federal program "sustainable development of rural territories in the years 2014-2017 and for the period up to 2020". Revival and construction of rural settlements today mainly involves the development of agricultural holdings on the basis of which will be established equipped agricultural town. Any country associated with a particular way of perceiving not only significant monuments of its culture and architecture but also the types of rural settlements. The village is not a business project; and thelifestyle of a Russian man, a certain way of all cultural, social and economic relations.
Currently, the increase of rural settlements and revitalizing rurallife is happening on several fronts: a) building settlements with agro holdings; b) farms; c) creating few ecovillage; d) Renaissance village through the townspeople-truckers as a new phenomenon. Types of rural settlements in Russia are very diverse. They are, first and foremost, thelandscape of the countryside, the direction of agricultural production, ethnic features. In residential areas with recreational and cultural potentials, farms should be promoted and personal subsidiary farms, which will focus on quality and a variety of agricultural products. The revival of villages and rural areas concerned, first and foremost, the provincial small farmsteads landlords "high hand", little knownlocations of handicrafts.
It is proposed to simplify thelegislation documents for the category of "noteworthy" in relation to the territories of rural settlements with historical and cultural potential.
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Agronina, Natalya Iosifovna, and Viktor Evgenievich Gorbatenko. "Suicidal behavior in adults during the pandemic: an individual psychological aspect." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 5 (May 16, 2022): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2205-09.
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Suicidal behavior is one of the acute and primary problems of our society. Unfavorable political and socio-economic events constantly occurring in the society increase the feeling of fear and uncertainty about the future of each person. To this day, the causes and factors that push an adult to suicide are deeply studied by psychologists, sociologists, and psychiatrists, but it is too early to draw final conclusions. According to the World Health Organization, about 400–500 thousand people commit suicide every year, and the number of attempts is ten times higher. The number of suicides in European countries is about 3 times higher than the number of murders.
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Wei, Wen-Qiang, Zhi-Feng Chen, Yu-Tong He, Hao Feng, Jun Hou, Dong-Mei Lin, Xin-Qing Li, et al. "Long-Term Follow-Up of a Community Assignment, One-Time Endoscopic Screening Study of Esophageal Cancer in China." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 17 (June 10, 2015): 1951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.58.0423.
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Purpose There are no global screening recommendations for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Endoscopic screening has been investigated in areas of high incidence in China since the 1970s. This study aimed to evaluate whether an endoscopic screening and intervention program could reduce mortality caused by ESCC. Methods Residents age 40 to 69 years were recruited from communities with high rates of ESCC. Fourteen villages were selected as the intervention communities. Ten villages not geographically adjacent to intervention villages were selected for comparison. Participants in the intervention group were screened once by endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining, and those with dysplasia or occult cancer were treated. All intervention participants and a sample consisting of one tenth of the control group completed questionnaires. We compared cumulative ESCC incidence and mortality between the two groups. Results Three thousand three hundred nineteen volunteers (48.62%) from an eligible population of 6,827 were screened in the intervention group. Seven hundred ninety-seven volunteers from an eligible population of 6,200 in the control group were interviewed. Six hundred fifty-two incident and 542 fatal ESCCs were identified during the 10-year follow-up. A reduction in cumulative mortality in the intervention group versus the control group was apparent (3.35% v 5.05%, respectively; P < .001). Furthermore, the intervention group had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of ESCC versus the control group (4.17% v 5.92%, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion We showed that endoscopic screening and intervention significantly reduced mortality caused by esophageal cancer. Detection and treatment of preneoplastic lesions also led to a reduction in the incidence of this highly fatal cancer.
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Iarzutkina, Anastasiia. "A “Stressful Business”: Alcohol Trading in Chukotka Villages." Antropologicheskij forum 18, no. 54 (2022): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-191-224.
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The article describes the organization of alcohol trade in remote and hard-to-reach Chukchi villages, and the social relations that arise around the sale of alcohol. The analysis is based on field research conducted by the author from 2003 to 2021 in ten settlements of the Chukotka Autonomous District. The differences between the trade process, the premises where the transaction takes place, and the temporal modes of the operation of village stores and illegal “outlets” for the sale of liquor are examined. The author analyzes how rural community practices of adopting alcohol sale time limits in the countryside have affected the daily rhythms of people who drink alcohol. The establishment of a temporal framework is conceptualized as a strategy for the community to gain power over alcohol consumers through body discipline. It is concluded that one of the important reasons for the existence of the illegal alcohol business in the village is the round-the-clock operation of the “point”. It allows the buyer to not postpone their need for alcohol, but to satisfy it at any time. Illegal sellers violate not only the temporal framework for selling liquor adopted at the village meeting, they also violate the social restrictions that the community imposed on the right to buy alcohol. At the same time, the local government and the villagers who do not consume alcohol need the resources and social connections of the illegal vendor. This contradictory situation puts them in the position of a marginalized person.
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Driker, Yuhim, and Тetiana Mitchenko. "OPTIMIZATION OF COSTS FOR ORGANIZATION OF A DECENTRALIZED UNDERGROUND SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER." WATER AND WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NEWS 28, no. 3 (November 9, 2020): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/wptstn.v28i3.218556.
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The purpose of this work is to determine the optimal conditions for Kiev and the Kiev region, under which the costs of organizing a decentralized underground source of drinking water, including well construction and the use of a local water purification system, will be minimal.The analysis is based on the results of the processing of database monitoring project Ukrainian Water Society WaterNet «Map of water quality", which as of October 2020 there are 54,8 thousand of the results of analyzes of water samples from different water sources in Ukraine, including 24,8 thousand test results groundwater samples Kiev and Kiev region, who regularly carried out during the last ten years.An assessment was made of the capital and operating costs for the organization of a decentralized underground source of drinking water, depending on the depth of the well and the parameters of water quality at a given depth.In Kiev and Kiev region, within the studied depth range (from 5 to 210 meters), the main pollutants are nitrates, hardness salts, iron and manganese.The value of the cost of treated water is in the range from 0.89 to 1.3 USD/m3. The cost of water treatment reaches its maximum values for the surface layers (above 27.5 meters), where the water is polluted with nitrates.It was found that the optimal well drilling depth is 50 ± 5 m, at which the cost of 1 cubic meter of treated water is up to the level of the requirements of the Nation Sanitary Rules and Norms "Hygienic Requirements for Drinking Water Intended for Human Consumption" (GSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10) is 0.89 USD/m3, for water supply with a capacity of 2 m3/day.
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Caban, Wiesław. "Keeping Identity, Freedom, and Independence of Polish Exiles in Siberia in 19th Century (till 1914). Part II. Ideas on Freedom and Independence." Respectus Philologicus 28, no. 33 (October 25, 2015): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.28.33.15.
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First Poles were sent to Siberia in the second half of the 18th century; then, after the fall of the November Uprising (1831), about ten thousand young Poles were deported to Siberia. More than twenty thousand people were exiled after the fall of the January Uprising (1863); whereas, the beginning of 1880s saw large deportation of those who were the members of socialist parties.The majority of deportees thought that the time in exile should be devoted to self-education and self-organization; therefore, the necessity to cultivate patriotic sentiments and Catholic religion was unquestionable. Some deportees were strongly convinced that it is not enough to cultivate Polish traditions to get ready for the economic development of Poland, once the independence is regained; thus, it was necessary to take immediate steps that would bring freedom.One of the best known cases of such thinking is the so called Omsk Conspiracy. In 1833, the deportees from the Omsk region came up with a plan for an uprising, another revolt against stardom was planned in 1866 in Transbaikal; however, both of those attempts failed.
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Kharade, P. P., and J. K. Patel. "Participant Farmers Perception about Effectiveness of ATMA." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1109.028.
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The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad district of Gujarat State. From the ten talukas of Ahmedabad district, four talukas were selected on the basis of maximum number of Farmer Interest Group (FIG’s) functioning under ATMA. Five villages were randomly selected from each taluka. Thus, total 20 villages were selected. Ten respondents were selected from each village. Thus, total 200 respondents were selected randomly from four talukas. A standardized scale to measure the perceived effectiveness of ATMA was developed by using the Normalized Rank Order Method recommended by Guilford (1954). The scale consists of ten indicators namely attitude of beneficiary farmers toward ATMA, benefits derived from ATMA, task functions of ATMA, organization of extension activities, quality training, innovative ideas implementation, performance of FIG, demonstrations and its horizontal spread, technical capability of ATMA personnel and performance of farm school. As far as various indicators of perceived effectiveness of ATMA are concerned majority of ATMA participants had perceived favorable attitude towards ATMA having high benefits derived from ATMA with fair to good perception about task functions of ATMA having excellent perception regarding organized extension activities by ATMA with good perceived quality of training but fair perception about innovative ideas implemented from ATMA and had good perceived performance of FIG with high level of perception about demonstrations and its horizontal spread and were having good perception about technical capabilities of ATMA personnel as well as performance of farm school. Input delivery for demonstration is not timely, farm school activities are inadequate, insufficient out state exposure visit and tight schedule of farming were the major constraints experienced by the ATMA participants in deriving benefits.
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Rahimian, Hamid, Mojtaba Kazemi, and Abbas Abbspour. "Design, Explanation, and Evaluation of Training Model Structures Based on Learning Organization—In the Cement Industry with a Nominal Production Capacity of Ten Thousand Tons." International Education Studies 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n1p163.
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This research aims to determine the effectiveness of training based on learning organization in the staff of cement industry with production capacity over ten thousand tons. The purpose of this study is to propose a training model based on learning organization. For this purpose, the factors of organizational learning were introduced by qualitative research in the form of open codes, axial codes, selective codes and the resulted observations, and then the final model was obtained by structural equation model. The data were collected from the staff of three cement companies of Abyek, Tehran, and Sepahan, with a statistical population of 1719 staff of cement industry. The qualitative research sample included 29 experienced experts in the field of cement industry, and the quantitative research sample included 326 staff and experts, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. A self-made questionnaire consisting of 72 questions was used to measure quantitative variables. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.93 and its content and face validity was determined by expert colleagues and professors, the structural equation model and regression was used to analyze the quantitative data. The results showed that the status of learning organization in cement companies is in average level. Finally, the obtained model consisted of both individual and organizational factors. The individual factors affecting organizational learning include teaching scientific content, perception, trust, and self-efficacy of training. The organizational factors affecting organizational learning include organizational culture, forming the structure, the method of management and leadership, preparing human resource (identity), adaption to the environment, policies, rules, and regulations, and achieving a viable product. The share of individual factors on learning organization is higher than the effect organizational factors; the share of each factor is also determined.
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Wolfe, Noël K. "Battling Crack." Journal of Urban History 43, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144215576333.
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The crack crisis of the 1980s and 1990s was a social and cultural tipping point with regards to race and the criminal justice system. The Northwest Bronx Community and Clergy Coalition, a ten-thousand-member, multiracial, faith-based community activist organization, was at the forefront of a local war against crack cocaine in the Bronx during the 1980s and 1990s. Their activism demonstrates that the impetus for the draconian response to crack came not only from law and order politicians but also from minority communities under siege. The Coalition demanded and aggressively lobbied for a punitive response to crack sellers and users from their own communities. These demands were made years before the passage of laws that ushered in a new age of racially discriminatory sentencing.
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Di Gregorio, Donatella, Matteo Bognanno, Valentina Rosa Laganà, and Agata Nicolosi. "Local Proximity Cheeses: Choices That Guiding Consumers and Orienting Producers—Case Studies." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010740.
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In Italy, in ten years, the national production of sheep’s cheese has gone from 60 thousand tons to almost 80 thousand tons at present, a sign of a lively dynamism of the sector mainly due to a growth in demand. The significant leap in production is accompanied by that of consumption and is mainly due to pecorino (fresh and seasoned), which, together with fresh ricotta, is gaining acceptance in the national and international markets. The objective of the paper is to examine, in a study area of southern Italy, consumer preferences for locally produced pecorino cheese near kilometer zero and the profit margins of the dairy companies producing pecorino. The interviews with consumers made it possible to explore purchasing preferences based on the reasons for choosing and the points of sale where consumers buy the cheese. The interviews with the manufacturing companies highlighted a different business organization of the single production units whose economic results show, despite the difficulties, the resilience of the companies. The company’s net margins per quintal of processed milk are more or less satisfactory and supported by the positive interest of consumers. As for the latter, they show increasingly pushed trends towards the purchase of niche products at Km0, made with more sustainable production systems.
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Repkine, Alexandre, and Hyun-Chool Lee. "Determinants of Healthy and Active Ageing in Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 16802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416802.
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Based on a framework developed by the World Health Organization, we construct an individual-level percentage measure of healthy and active ageing employing the results of a unique survey of ten thousand elderly Korean respondents conducted in 2020 and relate its values to the senior respondent’s physical, lifestyle, and socio-economic characteristics. We find that the median value of our healthy and active ageing index is approximately 40%, suggesting significant room for improvement. An important role in interpreting our empirical results is played by the apparent role of Korea’s senior employment as a means of “making ends meet” rather than a way of improving the quality of one’s ageing, suggesting an important direction for government policy development. Our results underscore the importance of promoting higher-quality employment opportunities for senior citizens as opposed to creating these opportunities per se. This appears especially important given the fast pace of Korea’s ageing.
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Vebrianti, Vebrianti, La Ode Amaluddin, and Rahma Musyawarah. "Deskripsi Tentang Pemanfaatan Sumber Mata Air Jompi Kelurahan Laende Kecamatan Katobu Kabupaten Muna." LaGeografia 18, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/lga.v18i1.10976.
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Raha City is located on the coast of the Buton Strait, the capital of Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The total area of this city is 47.11 km2 consisting of 12 villages and 7 villages. Laende Urban Village Katobu Sub-District is a Sub-District which mostly utilizes Jompi spring to fulfill their daily needs. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the environmental condition of the Jompi spring Laende Village Katobu District Muna Regency, (2) to describe the utilization of the Jompi spring Laende Village Katobu District Muna Regency. This research method uses qualitative descriptive research methods. Data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation study. The results of the research show that (1) the Jompi Spring Area which functions as a water catchment protected area and around the spring, physical and environmental conditions have experienced a decline with a lot of garbage, a decrease in water discharge based on data from the Duna Irrigation District of Muna, debit from the spring Jompi in 2010 amounted to ± 25 liters / second. In this case it means that the debit has decreased ten times since the previous decade by ± 50 liters / second, and experienced sedimentation in spring one, which was caused by flooding submissions from rivers in Labaha Village (2) Sources of Jompi spring most of it is used to meet the clean water needs of the people of Raha City that are accommodated by the PDAM and then distributed to the homes of residents not only that the source of water is also used for berendan and recreation. As for the remote areas in the city of water in the sub-education through pickup cars that are paid 25 thousand
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Solano-Sandí, Luis Armando, Mónica Cambronero-Valverde, and Guadalupe Herrera-Watson. "Identification and analysis of ongoing registered clinical intervention trials on COVID-19." Medwave 20, no. 09 (October 31, 2020): e8051-e8051. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2020.09.8051.
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Introduction The World Health Organization declared the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Several studies have been proposed and started since then, mainly covering prevention, diagnosis, management, and treatment. Objective To identify and categorize all intervention studies up to the end of May related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to population and geo-graphical location (emphasis in Latin America) and to verify if there is any correlation according to purpose, phase, and recruitment status. Methods One thousand six hundred seventy-two trials were selected from 1705 until May 24 on the World Health Organization clinical trials platform related to COVID-19. Jupyter and Python tools were used for data processing and cleaning. Results One thousand six hundred seventy-two intervention studies related to SARS-CoV-2 infection were found. China, The United States, Iran, France, and Spain are the countries participating in the largest number of studies, while only 4,1% are from Latin America (mostly Brazilian). 28 studies are focusing only on older adults, and ten studies are based exclusively on populations under 19 years of age. Conclusion The worldwide interest in this new disease is reflected in the increasing number of intervention studies that are being carried out to date. How-ever, the studies analyzed do not cover the most vulnerable age groups proportionally and do not have equitable participation of all the coun-tries. In Latin America, this problem is exacerbated by the region's social, economic, and political limitations. Because it is an emerging disease, there is still not enough information to establish strong correlations between the analyzed variables, and the standardization of protocols is not yet definite because most of the studies are in progress.
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Wei, Jing, Wenshu Meng, and Youhe Gao. "Urine proteome changes in rats subcutaneously inoculated with approximately ten tumor cells." PeerJ 7 (September 17, 2019): e7717. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7717.
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Background Biomarkers are changes associated with the disease. Urine is not subject to homeostatic control and therefore accumulates very early changes, making it an ideal biomarker source. Usually, we have performed urinary biomarker studies involving at least thousands of tumor cells. However, no tumor starts from a thousand tumor cells. We therefore examined urine proteome changes in rats subcutaneously inoculated with approximately ten tumor cells. Methods Here, we serially diluted Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells to a concentration of 102/mL and subcutaneously inoculated 0.1 mL of these cells into nine rats. The urine proteomes on days 0, 13 and 21 were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the urine proteome of each sample at three time points were clustered into three clusters, indicating the good consistency of these nine rats when inoculated with the same limited tumor cells. Differential proteins on days 13 and 21 were mainly associated with cell adhesion, autophagic cell death, changes in extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. All of these enriched functional processes were reported to contribute to tumor progression and could not be enriched through random allocation analysis. Conclusions Our results indicated that (1) the urine proteome reflects changes associated with cancer even with only approximately ten tumor cells in the body and that (2) the urine proteome reflects pathophysiological changes in the body with extremely high sensitivity and provides potential for a very early screening process of clinical patients.
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Čerňanský, Michal, Ladislav Huraj, and Marek Šimon. "Controlled DDoS Attack on IPv4/IPv6 Network Using Distributed Computing Infrastructure." Journal of information and organizational sciences 44, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.31341/jios.44.2.6.
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The paper focuses on design, background and experimental results of real environment of DDoS attacks. The experimental testbed is based on employment of a tool for IT automation to perform DDoS attacks under monitoring. DDoS attacks are still serious threat in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks and creation of simple tool to test the network for DDoS attack and to allow evaluation of vulnerabilities and DDoS countermeasures of the networks is necessary. In proposed testbed, Ansible orchestration tool is employed to perform and coordinate DDoS attacks. Ansible is a powerful tool and simplifies the implementation of the test environment. Moreover, no special hardware is required for the attacks execution, the testbed uses existing infrastructure in an organization. The case study of implementation of this environment shows straightforwardness to create a testbed comparable with a botnet with ten thousand bots. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed environment and present the impact of the attacks on particular target servers in IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
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Wang, Fengchen. "Development of Management Science from 1991 to 2021: Review of Publications Indexed in WoS." Scientific and Social Research 4, no. 9 (September 27, 2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v4i9.4373.
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Management is a discipline that has existed for as long as humans have, but its theoretical underpinnings are relatively new. There was already evidence of the creation and use of management ideas since 2900 BC, when Egypt was deploying over ten thousand people to build the pyramids. During the Middle Ages, the Greek, Roman, and Chinese empires all created their own versions of management theory. Modern management throughs were a 20th-century phenomenon, and management was only recognized as a formal study since the late 19th century. In this paper, the development background, thoughts and schools, existing problems, research methodology, discipline branches, and functions of management as a social science are systematically discussed and elaborated. A systematic review approach was used to summarize and analyze the 2,772,999 publications included in the Web of Science from 1991 to 2021 to find out the overall trend of publication, the published organization or institution, and the high-frequency research areas.
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Akca, Yasar. "Evaluation of Regional Development Policies in Turkey’s Five Years Development Plans." Journal of Management and Sustainability 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v8n1p104.
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Five years development plans are prepared by State Planning Organization (former name), Ministry of Development. Development Plans are significant policy documents including information about resources of development goals in long term and related regulations to be made in Turkey. Ten different development plans including the years between 1963 and 2018 were prepared. The common basic goal of these plans is: Ensuring a fortunate and prosperous life for Turkish citizens, raising life standards to higher levels. Reaching more prosperous life standards is possible through a long term and systematic development effort. Regions including cities (except metropolis), districts and villages are called rural areas. Efforts for increasing the economic level of people living in rural areas by using and supporting natural resources in these areas are named regional development policies. Regional development policies are firstly determined and shaped in development plans. Economic activities in rural areas are mostly based on natural production resources. Regional development is only possible through efficient use of these local resources. The basic goal is to decrease the difference in the level of economic, social and cultural development between development priority regions and the others. The goal of this study is to present the preparations that should be made and focus on present and future problems. Qualitative design document analysis technique is used in this research; local development policies that are mentioned in ten development plans are analyzed. Findings, results and suggestions are presented at the end of the study.
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Caban, Wiesław. "Keeping Identity, Freedom, and Independence of Polish Exiles in Siberia in 19th Century (till 1914). Part I." Respectus Philologicus 27, no. 32 (April 25, 2015): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.27.32.12.
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First Poles were sent to Siberia to an exile as early as the second half of the 18th century to be followed by the participants of the Napoleonic campaign of 1812. It is estimated that after the fall of the November Uprising (1831), about ten thousand young Poles were taken captive and deported to Siberia. Soon they were joined by those, especially from Lithuania and Belarus, who were engaged in a conspiracy. More than twenty thousand people were exiled to Siberia after the fall of the January Uprising (1863); whereas, the beginning of 1880s saw the deportation in large numbers of those who were members of socialist parties. The majority of deportees had the opinion that the time in exile should be devoted to self-education and self-organization. The necessity to cultivate patriotic sentiments and Catholic religion was unquestionable. They tried to create at least a semblance of homeland to some degree in exile. Among a certain group of deportees there was a strong conviction that it is not enough to cultivate or even strengthen Polish traditions to get ready for the economic development of Poland, once the independence is regained. It was not enough to conspire, it was necessary to take immediate steps such as escape or rebellion that would bring freedom. One of the best known cases of such thinking is the so called Omsk Conspiracy. In 1833, the deportees from the Omsk region, counting on the support of the local Siberian community, came up with a plan for an uprising. Another revolt against stardom was planned in 1866 in Transbaikal. Both of those attempts failed.
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Feinberg, Ayal. "Explaining Ethnoreligious Minority Targeting: Variation in U.S. Anti-Semitic Incidents." Perspectives on Politics 18, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 770–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271900447x.
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Over the last two decades alone, the United States has suffered well over ten thousand religion-motivated hate crimes. While racism and religion-motivated prejudice have received considerable attention following the “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville that resulted in deadly violence, there is little systematic scholarship evaluating where and when incidents targeting ethnoreligious minorities by non-state actors are likely to occur. Utilizing the FBI’s reported anti-Semitic hate crime data from 2001–2014, my main theoretical and empirical exercise is to determine which factors best explain where and when American ethnoreligious groups are likely to be targeted. I propose that there are four essential mechanisms necessary to explain variation in minority targeting: “opportunity” (target group concentration), “distinguishability” (target group visibility), “stimuli” (events increasing target group salience) and “organization” (hate group quantity). My models show that variables falling within each of these theoretical concepts significantly explain variation in anti-Semitic incidents in the United States. Of particular importance for scholars and practitioners alike, Israeli military operations and the number of active hate groups within a state play a major role in explaining anti-Semitic incident variation.
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Jabeen, Suraiya, Mohammad Anwarul Bari, Amit Wazib, Umma Salma, AKM Shaheduzzaman, Partho Protim Das, and Md Sazzad Hossain. "Morbidity pattern and health-seeking behaviour among the senior citizens in selected rural areas of Bangladesh." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 22, no. 2 (January 9, 2015): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21522.
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Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the morbidity pattern and health seeking behaviour among the rural elderly population. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in six villages of Telihati union of Gazipur District from February to June 2013. Purposive sampling technique was used to collected data from 249 respondents, aged 60 years and above. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 64.2 (SD±5.6) years. About 70.3% of the respondents were male, majority (47%) respondents were illiterate, 33.3% earned less then ten thousand taka per month. About half (58.2%) of the elderly were still working, among the currently not working respondents majority (49%) were totally dependent. and only 52.6% respondents belonged to joint family. Almost all (98.8%) the respondents had some health problems; among these eye problems (81.7%), musculo-skeletal disorders (66.3%), gastrointestinal disorders (52.4%) and sleeping problems (50.4%) were predominant. Females suffered more from eye problems, musculoskeletal disorder, gastrointestinal disorder and sleeping problems. On the other hand, males suffered more from respiratory and genitorurinary problems. About 61% have a Government hospital or Community clinic nearby their residence, 70 % were satisfied with available health care facilities and 72% was satisfied with treating doctors even then a greater part (35%) was irregular for check-up. Majority (73.5%) was regular about taking treatment, among the irregulars majority (77.3%) was for un-affordability of medicine. Only 53% of the elderly knew names of some old age diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21522 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 129-135
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Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti, A.A Sagung Laksmi Dewi, Hartini Saripan, and Gautam Kumar Jha. "Role of Bumdes in the Management of Spiritual Tourism Objects in Petilasan Sumur Kembar, West Bali National Park." Law Doctoral Community Service Journal 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/ldcsj.1.2.5709.82-87.
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The new paradigm of tourists in the last 10 (ten) years greatly affects the attractions visited by both foreign and domestic tourists. Tourists who used to only want to enjoy natural beauty, culinary, and night tours, now there is a change in the orientation of tourist destinations. Tourists now prefer to travel to villages with panoramic views and village culture, tourists miss seeing the beautiful village atmosphere and Balinese culture which is still very thick with the nuances of Hinduism. Bali, known as the Thousand Temples, is very rich in religious places and temples that used to be a place of yoga for holy people. Likewise with Jembrana Regency which is geographically with the East Java Island which is very thick with its Javanese culture. Along the coast of the Bali Strait and West Bali National Park, there are many petilasan which is a stopover and hermitage place for holy people who sailed from the ancient Mataram Kingdom and Islamic Mataram who expanded to Bali. One of them is the Petilasan of Sumur Kembar Temple and Petilasan of Mbah Temon which are located in the Cekik Forest area, Gilimanuk Village. To further introduce and more professional management of tourist objects, in accordance with the policy of the Department of Tourism and Culture of Jembrana Regency, the management is handed over to BUMDes. So that income from tourism objects managed through BUMDes is to increase the source of Village Original Income, which of course will be used to improve the welfare of the Village community.
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Mst. Khodeza Khatun, Kamrun Nahar, Jerin Alauddin, and Sharif Md. Al-Reza. "Assessment of drinking water quality using physico-chemical parameters around Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 6, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.6.2.0141.
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The quality of surface water is a very sensitive issue and it is a great environmental concern worldwide. In recent years, there has been an increase in awareness and concern about water pollution across the globe. In order to ascertain water quality for human consumption, some physico-chemical properties were evaluated of the drinking water of ten villages around Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. Standard methods were used for determining physical and chemical characteristics of the water samples. As, Fe and Mn contents of the drinking water samples were also analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data showed the variation of the investigated parameter in water samples as follows: pH 7.65 to 8.76, Electrical Conductivity (EC) 280 to 750 µS/cm, hardness 120 to 550 mg/l as CaCO3, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 210 to 1380 mg/l, As 0.0 to 0.082 mg/l, Fe 0.039 to 2.03 mg/l and Mn 0.0 to 0.41 mg/l. The concentrations of testing parameters of all the drinking water samples were not keeping up the World Health Organization drinking water quality guideline and the Bangladesh Drinking Water Quality Standards.
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Savkov, P., N. Levinskova, G. Bondarchuk, and N. Postarnichenko. "GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FOREST RESOURCES MONITORING." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 1 (45) (2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2021.45.71-74.
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The total area of the forest fund of Ukraine is 10400000 hectares, of which 9600000 hectares are covered with forest vegetation. In total, 15.9 % of the country's area is covered by forests. This figure is growing: in 50 years the area of forests increased by 21 %, almost three times increased stock of wood – it is estimated within 2102 million cubic meters. But this is not enough. Today there are a number of problems connected with forestry, for example: mass destruction of forests, lack of forest development strategy, low level of forest resources use, lack of reliable information about the biomass condition, forest fires. According to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine, the volume of unauthorized felling has been steadily decreasing for a long time, during 2005-2010. However, already in 2011 it was 25,100 cubic meters, which is 2.2 thousand more than in the previous year, 2007. However, this statistic, too, is mostly about illegal logging by local people, so it reflects very small volumes. The largest number of poached logging is recorded in the Lviv region. For example, in 2018 in the region 12,047 cubic meters of wood were illegally cut, and the figures do not stand still. As a consequence, this situation over time can lead to environmental degradation, increased water and wind erosion, degradation of agricultural land. The forest industry is one of the promising industries in Ukraine, for which it is advisable to use the tools of geographic information systems that provide detailed and necessary information, which greatly simplifies the work in research, analysis and prediction of the dynamics of the forestry fund of Ukraine. With the help of geospatial analysis tools we open up new horizons in the development and organization of forestry production, control and management of forests at all levels. This is why in today's conditions the introduction of geoinformation technologies can not only save money, but also save large areas of the forest fund and hundreds of diligent villages, settlements and cities. The events that took place in April 2020 showed that the lack of active monitoring of burning areas has painful consequences. The fire destroyed almost 40 houses in the resettled villages, Lichmans Srednyaya Rudnya, Nizhnyaya Rudnya and Verkhnyaya Rudnya, 45 buildings were saved, about 5 % of the protected area, 11500 hectares in the southwestern part of the Chernobyl Reserve were affected. These villages in Zhytomyr region were resettled after Chernobyl. More than 2000 people and 120 units of equipment were involved in extinguishing the fireі.
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Henderson, D. A. "The miracle of vaccination." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 51, no. 2 (July 22, 1997): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1997.0020.
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Among all medical procedures, vaccination ranks at the forefront in lives saved and disabling illnesses prevented. Jenner's first experiments with vaccination, 200 years ago, culminated in the eradication of smallpox at the conclusion of a ten–year World Health Organization programme begun in 1967. Two million lives were saved each year and tens of thousand of blindness cases. In 1974, the smallpox campaign was expanded to include six additional vaccines (poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and tuberculosis). By 1990, global vaccination coverage had risen from less than 5% to 80% poliomyelitis was eradicated from the Americas; and a global eradication campaign was launched. Prospects for more dramatic achievements are bright. Research and development in new vaccines is gaining momentum. More than 150 new vaccines are now in human testing and vaccines against such as malaria, dengue fever and AIDS can be foreseen. Challenges remain in assuring adequate research funds for diseases of the developing world and in supplying needed quantities of assured, high quality vaccines. However, the threat of new and emerging infections and the fact that vaccines are the front line of defense reinforce the need for further strengthening of vaccine research, development and production. * Commemorative bicentenary lecture delivered on 15 May 1996 in the Royal Society.
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Wang, Yun Sheng, Jun Feng Wu, Yong Hong Luo, Ma Xiao, Li Shun, and Quan Qing. "Seismic Landslides and the Environmental Impact in the Middle Reach of Daduhe River." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1965.
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There are 15 large-scaled rock landslides in the middle reach of Daduhe River in the western Sichuan. As they even dammed the Daduhe River for a long time, the dammed accumulation are well widely developed, relatively wide bottom valley have been formed in the reach. Now, there are about 80000 people lived in the valley of the reach, as the region is in high intensity (VIII-IX), the latest large earthquake (magnitude is 7.7)happened in 1876 and dammed the River, causing over ten thousand people die in the huge flood after the dam broke. As the construction velocity is faster than before, the hydropower station, highway, new village construction are put on the schedule, but people seem forgetting the historical earthquakes and seismic landside’s impact, hidden dangers may come at any time. The present paper tries to introduce the characteristics of the landslides and its environment impacts such as deep overburden, soft soil, sand liquefaction and landslide reactive. So as to call peoples’ attention for the environment during they are engaged in the large scale construction. Based on the RS interpretation and field comprehensive investigations, 15 large scaled rock landslides have been found in the reach, the volume of each is over 1000,000m3, although the remains are stable on the whole, the front part is potential unstable, if they are active triggered by the future earthquake or storm, they can dam the Daduhe River again and cause huge geo-hazards. Several ideas can be concluded as follows：(1)The reach is composed of Proterozoic acid intrusive rock and underwent several large tectonic movements, the rock mass is cut by structural planes formed in the different tectonic epoch; (2) The middle reach of Daduhe River is one part of SN strike tectonic belt in China, the main advantageous structural planes is SN strike, which is parallel to the flow direction of Daduhe River; (3) The reach is within a high intensity region with over VIII degrees, seismic landslides are well developed and they are easily reactive in the future, people confront with the deep overburden, soft soil, sand liquefaction; (4) the villages and town is generally located on the second Terrace and easily influenced by the seismic large slides, their vulnerability is high; (5) engineering measurements are necessary to protect the town villages and it is urgent to built disaster warning system.
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Öztürk, Mustafa. "An Evaluation of an Innovative In-Service Teacher Training Model in Turkey." International Journal of Higher Education 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n1p23.
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A project, with the support of the UNICEF and the Ministry of National Education in Turkey (MoNE), was carried out to develop and implement an in-service teacher training programme aiming at changing participating teachers’ perceptions and practices regarding inclusive education. Within scope of the programme, ten separate modules were developed, each of which focusing on developing teachers’ skills in certain aspects of inclusive education. Within the project, an in-service teacher training model was developed to guide the design of the ten modules in terms of the process, content and materials utilized. The model encompasses hands-on and inspiring teaching methods, the teachers’ collaboration and flexibility in terms of bringing the teachers’ ideas and experiences to the process. For this study, of these modules, “Teaching and Assessment” was chosen to evaluate the effectiveness of the in-service teacher training model in terms of ensuring teacher change. The module aimed at developing the participating teachers’ pedagogical skills in order for them to carry out differentiated instruction and formative assessment. Approximately eight thousand teachers were trained through the Teaching and Assessment Module across Turkey from September to November in 2018. Data for the present study was collected through focus group discussions (FGD). In total, four FGDs were held with randomly selected 27 teachers who participated in the Teaching and Assessment Module. Content analysis was performed in order to analyse the data obtained from the FGDs. According to the results of the study, it was found that although a “one-shot” in-service training approach was implemented, significant changes occurred both in the teachers’ perceptions, awareness and practices regarding inclusive education. However, it was noted that certain factors such as the organization, in particular the place and time of training sessions could be improved. Furthermore, excessive use of worksheets and lack of subject specific examples were criticised by some FGD participants.
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da Silva Costa, Josivan, Karina da Silva Lopes Costa, Josiane Viana Cruz, Ryan da Silva Ramos, Luciane Barros Silva, Davi Do Socorro Barros Brasil, Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva, Cleydson Breno Rodrigues dos Santos, and Williams Jorge da Cruz Macedo. "Virtual Screening and Statistical Analysis in the Design of New Caffeine Analogues Molecules with Potential Epithelial Anticancer Activity." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 5 (May 2, 2018): 576–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170711112510.
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About 132 thousand cases of melanoma (more severe type of skin cancer) were registered in 2014 according to the World Health Organization. This type of cancer significantly affects the quality of life of individuals. Caffeine has shown potential inhibitory effect against epithelial cancer. In this study, it was proposed to obtain new caffeine-based molecules with potential epithelial anticancer activity. For this, a training set of 21 molecules was used for pharmacophore perception procedures. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to propose mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetra-parametric models applied in the prediction of the activity. The generated pharmacophore was used to select 350 molecules available at the ZINCpharmer server, followed by reduction to 24 molecules, after selection using the Tanimoto index, yielding 10 molecules after final selection by predicted activity values > 1.5229. These ten molecules had better pharmacokinetic properties than the other ones used as reference and within the clinically significant limits. Only two molecules show minor hits of toxicity and were submitted to molecular docking procedures, showing BFE (binding free energy) values lower than the reference values. Statistical analyses indicated strong negative correlations between BFE and pharmacophoric properties (high influence on BFE lowering) and practically null correlation between BFE and BBB. The two most promising molecules can be indicated as candidates for further in vitro and in vivo analyzes.
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Shlapinsky, Volodymyr, Myroslav Pavlyuk, Yaroslav Lazaruk, Olesya Savchak, and Myroslav Ternavsky. "Geological structure and prospects of oil-gas presence at the Pohar plot (Folded Carpathians)." Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals 3-4, no. 185-186 (2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.005.
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The Pohar plot is situated in the Skole district of the Lviv Region, 30 km south-west of Skole town, between Pohar and Kryve villages. Tectonically it is located in of junction of the Skybian (Slavske Skyba) and the Krosno covers. At the end of XIX beginning of XX centuries in the region of the village the oil-extracting enterprise was existent. There deposits of Oligocen and Eocene of the Rozluch belt of the Krosno cover and Oligocene of the scale of the Slavske skyba of the Skybian cover were exploited. During two ten-years of exploitation by exploring shafts and shallow boreholes more than 3 thousand ton of oil was extracted. Prospects of the Pohar plot should be connected with sand horizons of the Holovets suite of Oligocen (Klivsky sandstones) that are characterized by satisfactory reservoir properties. They are localized in the immersed part of the Hrosivsky scale of the Krosno cover separated by the Rozluch fault (tectonically screened deposit) from its forkball part, drilled in 1973–1974 1-Pohar borehole (well bottom 1935 m), due to deflection of its hole to the south-east, didn’t expose the Klivsky sandstones and didn’t solve its task. For complete exposition of the Klivsky sandstones of the Holovets suite of Oligocene of the Hrosivsky scale it is necessary to design vertically oriented 2-Pohar borehole of 2300 m in depth. About probable commercial oil-gas saturation of the horizon of the Klivsky sandstones testifies not only to the existence of the oil-extracting enterprise in the past, but the intensive surface oil shows in the stretched area that is controlled by the Rozluch fault. Moreover, taking the prospect of the zone of junction of the given covers in consideration, the seismic survey should be conducted at the Pohar area for the estimation of the geological structure of the deeper horizons and parametric borehole of 4000–5000 m in depth should be designed.
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Krishnan, Jayalakshmi. "Monitoring of Insecticide Resistance and Exploring the Presence of Virus in Field Populations of Culex gelidus at Thiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202177.
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Introduction: The introduction of potent synthetic insecticides into public health programmes has since beginning posed the challenge of development of resistance among the insect vectors against the insecticides. Culex (Cx.) gelidus is one of the vectors of JE which is abundantly found in southern India. Its breeding habitats are similar to the vishnui subgroup of Culex mosquitoes, the major vectors for transmission of JE. The present study was aimed to assess the susceptibility status of adult Culex (Cx.) gelidus, to insecticides, namely DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), Deltamethrin, and Malathion. Method: The field-collected mosquito larvae from ten villages of Thiruvarur district from December 2018 to May 2019 were reared in the laboratory until F1 generation and the emerged adults identified as Cx. gelidus were exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers supplied through World Health Organization (WHO). The adult susceptibility tests were carried out as per the protocol of WHO. Further, an attempt was made to check the presence of JE virus in Cx. gelidus and the virus detection was done by RT-PCR. Results: The results indicated that the adult Cx. gelidus populations were susceptible to DDT, whereas they were resistant to Malathion and Deltamethrin. The possible reason of DDT susceptibility may be that DDT has not been used in Tamil Nadu since the year 1980 (about 40 years). Conclusion: JE virus was not detected in the tested mosquitoes. The study suggests that insecticide resistance monitoring from time to time is required to facilitate vector control programmes in focusing on appropriate vector control measures.
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Beye, Assane, Pape Bilal Diakhate, Omar Diouf, Aliou Faye, Augustine K. Obour, Zachary P. Stewart, Yared Assefa, Doohong Min, and Pagadala V. V. Prasad. "Socio-Economic Constraints of Adopting New Cowpea Varieties in Three Agro-Ecological Zones in the Senegalese Peanut Basin." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 14550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114550.
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Socio-economic constraints like gender, education, age, and income significantly affect the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. The objective of this study was to determine socio-economic factors that affect the adoption of improved cowpea varieties in the Senegalese peanut basin. The study was conducted in three (Bambey, Kebemer, and Kaffrine) of six regions of the peanut basin based on regional importance of cowpea production and rainfall gradient. In each study region, ten villages were selected, and random sampling was used to select eight heads of agricultural households within each village. The questionnaires were administered to 240 randomly selected farmers across the three study regions, 7 communes, and 30 villages. Results showed most heads of households were middle-aged (52–54 years old), married (95–100%), illiterate (84%), and men (95–100%). Households were mostly agriculture dependent (87%), low literacy rates (26% least primary school), and large family sizes (average of 15 members). The median cowpea yields across the study area varied from 35–100 kg ha−1, well below the ~300–400 kg ha−1 average yields reported for Senegal and Sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of farmers (67%) in the study regions did not use improved varieties, and the main reasons were low seed availability (78.8%) and limited access to technical knowledge and information (76.3%), but only 5.8% indicated seed price as a barrier to improved variety adoption. Major uses of cowpea in the study area were for marketing, livestock feed, and human consumption. In Kaffrine, fodder production was the major (85%) criterion for cowpea variety selection, whereas in the north (Bambey and Kebemer), taste, maturity date, and grain yield were major selection criteria. Factors that had positive effect on the likelihood of using improved cowpea varieties include; access to extension services, membership in farmers’ organization, cowpea being the main crop of production, organic farming, market, and livestock-oriented production systems, access to farmland and credit, dependence on agriculture as the main source of household income, and education of head of household. We conclude that there is a critical need for training, access to improved seeds, awareness, and financial support to producers to increase the adoption of new improved cowpea varieties, yields, profitability, and nutritional security among smallholder farmers in the Senegalese peanut basin.
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Vasylyeva, Liudmyla. "COMMUNICATIVE ORIENTATION OF TEXTBOOKS AND DICTIONARIES FOR TEACHING A FOREIGN CROATIAN LANGUAGE." Theory and Practice of Teaching Ukrainian as a Foreign Language, no. 15 (May 1, 2021): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ufl.2021.15.3295.
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Knowledge of foreign languages is an important condition not only for personal, cultural, but also professional contacts of a certain person. In view of this, there is a growing attention to the content of teaching foreign languages, updating its technologies, creating textbooks, manuals, dictionaries for their study. The learning process is a joint activity of the teacher and students aimed at learning the language, and largely depend on the means involved in the organization of learning. Teaching aids are an important, integral part of teaching a foreign language. They contribute to the effective organization of learning; make it easier for students to successfully master it. Textbooks, manuals, educational dictionaries have been an important component of foreign language teaching for many years. Renewal of the content of education, a new concept of teaching brought to the fore the principle of language learning through culture. Intensification of the educational process, search for ways to implement the principle of active communication encourage the creation of textbooks that largely meet the communicative needs of students, stimulate speech activity, while increasing the level of socio-cultural awareness of the country whose language is studied. Bilingual thematic dictionaries in recent years become increasingly popular for foreign language learning. The Ukrainian-Croatian Dictionary contains around ten thousand words and phrases. The dictionary is intended for students with a variety of language courses, but they are also suitable for independent learning vocabulary, Ukrainian and Croatian languages for those who are interested in languages. The primary purpose of the dictionaries is to help rework topics relevant to everyday communication, as well as topics related to general problems of professional communication. Thematic dictionaries can help you conquer the conversation for various situations. Thematic dictionaries are also among the teaching aids that can best be tailored to the requirements of the communicative method. They organically combine the actual communicative and system-language work, namely: the system description of the lexical level of language or its fragments is extrapolated to the learning of different types of speech activity: receptive, productive, receptive-productive. Key words: teaching methods, textbook, thematic dictionary, communication, speech activity.
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Volkovitsh, Mark G., Andrzej O. Bieńkowski, and Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja. "Emerald Ash Borer Approaches the Borders of the European Union and Kazakhstan and Is Confirmed to Infest European Ash." Forests 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060691.
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Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, native to East Asia, is an invasive pest of ash in North America and European Russia. This quarantine species is a threat to ash trees all over Europe. Survey in ten provinces of European Russia in 2019–2020 showed that EAB had spread faster and farther than was previously thought. The new infested sites were first detected in St. Petersburg (110–120 km from the EU border: Estonia, Finland) and Astrakhan Province (50 km from the Kazakhstan border). The current range of EAB in Europe includes Luhansk Province of Ukraine and 18 provinces of Russia: Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaluga, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, St. Petersburg, Tambov, Tula, Tver, Vladimir, Volgograd, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl. Within these, only seven quarantine phytosanitary zones in five provinces are declared by the National Plant Protection Organization of Russia. EAB was not found in the regions along the Middle Volga: Mari El, Chuvash and Tatarstan republics, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara and Saratov provinces. The infested sites in St. Petersburg and in the Lower Volga basin are range enclaves separated from the core invasion range by 470 and 370 km, correspondingly. It is possible that new enclaves can appear in the cities of Eastern Europe and Kazakhstan far from the current known range. All previously known infestations in European Russia were in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), which was introduced from North America, and individual trees of European ash (F. excelsior). A first confirmed case of mass decline of several thousand of EAB-infested European ash trees in Moscow province is provided. Therefore, there is no more doubt that under certain conditions EAB can seriously damage native ash trees in European forests.
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Abidin, Armawati, and Anas Budi. "PREVENTION OF RABIES DISEASE IN THE WORKING AREA OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE OF EAST TOMONI." Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan 10, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36720/nhjk.v10i2.241.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Rabies is a deadly disease that is transmitted from animals to humans and attacks the central nervous system (WHO, 2016). Data reported by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) revealed that the global human death rate due to rabies is almost 70 thousand per year. In other words, every ten minutes one person in the world dies from the virus.
Objectives: This study aimed to find out the knowledge and prevention of rabies carried out by the community around the East Tomoni Public Health Center.
Methods: This study was conducted in the working area of East Tomoni Public Health Center by involving 390 participants in August 2020. Data was collected using simple random sampling. The instrument of this study is questionnaire. Statistical test method used to know independent variables are univariat analysis and bivariat analysis.
Results: The majority of good knowledge as much as 351 (90%) respondents were less Knowledge while 39 (10%) respondents. Good attitude as many as 318 (81.5%) Respondents have a pretty good attitude as many as 72 (18.5%) Respondents. Good rabies prevention measures were 347 respondents (88.9%) while those who had less rabies prevention measures were 43 (11.02%) respondents. The results of the study using the Pearson Chi-Square test showed that the level of knowledge was p-value = 0.000 (α < 0.05) means there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and rabies prevention measures in the work area of the Tomoni Timur Public Health Center, whereas, the attitude with the Pearson Chi-Square test shows that the attitude of p-value = 0.000 (α < 0.05) means that there is a relationship between attitude and rabies prevention measures in the working area of the Tomoni Community Health Center.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of the community and rabies prevention in the East Tomoni Community Health Center.
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Kutsevich, Vadym. "MODERN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL MUSEUMS." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 63 (April 14, 2022): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.290-299.
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The article discusses the historical background and progressive processes of universalization and expansion of exclusively museum functions and the transformation of museums into a hub, similar to a transport hub that combines objects of different functions.
According to the World Council of Museums (ICOM), there are more than 55 thousand museums in the world. The leaders among them are art museums – the Louvre (Paris, France), the Metropolitan (New York, USA) and the British Museum (London, UK).
Ukrainian museums also have great cultural potential and are among the top ten countries in Europe in terms of the number of works of art available. At the same time, more than 90% of the cultural and creative artistic component of Ukraine is without the possibility of use and exposure.
It has been revealed that a modern museum should strive for development, not be afraid to go beyond the existing museum space, and also expand its functional scope through the use of a modern architectural and planning organization with flexible structures.
Consistently considering the features of the functioning of museums in different historical periods, it was revealed that the dependence of strategies for relating to the past has changed the perception of a museum object and museum structure. Accordingly, the typology of museum spaces was made or destroyed.
So, it is determined that starting from the 70s of the XX century. there was a rethinking of the approaches to the formation of the space of museums, which contributed to the solution of social and communication problems and the transformation of the role of museums in society.
The given examples from domestic and foreign experience in designing, building, operating museums refer to the continuous process of architectural creativity.
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na, Normali, Muhammad Hatta, Hafizia noor, and Hamd ani. "Plastic Waste Management through the Role of Leadership Adaptation of Environmental Inspected Habits." Webology 18, Special Issue 04 (September 30, 2021): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si04/web18127.
Full textAbstract:
The research method is qualitative with phenomenological approach. The research design using one site involving Banjarmasin City in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data collection techniques used were content analysis, participatory observation and depth interviews. The analysis used in answering this research is a combination of various analytical methods to answer each of the objectives namely miles & Huberman analysis and Webbed Spider Model Analysis as the ultimate in formulating management of plastic waste through a leadership role. The results of this research found that the adaptation of environmentally sound habits in minimizing the production of plastics waste through local wisdom approaches and changing the people's mindset to live healtier. The purpose of writing this paper is to provide examples of new habits of healthy living by starting to reduce the use of plastic bags as the main source of waste generation that is not easily biodegradable in Banjarmasin City produced in every citi anywhere and is a major problem of environmental damage, including Banjarmasin City as a city of a thousand rivers, south Kalimantan Province. Effort to reduce the use of pastic bags began in stages, starting with modern retailers in the City of Banjarmasin. Through a leadership role based on local wisdom and a persuasive approach that is environmentally sound, it can provide solutions in current and future waste management. Result from this research is Banjramasin as the first City in Indonesia implemented regulation to reduction of plastic waste for modern retailers which are widely scattered throughout the City, sub-districts and villages. This is effective through regulation and direct approach to society. In the waste management that is carried out in the City of Banjarmasin includes waste reduction activities with ten activities and waste handling through five activities. As a substitute for these plastic bags, plastic bag producers are forced to use environmentally friendly plastic bags and / or purun baskets which are products of local wisdom of the people of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, all of these activities are carried out by involving the community by applying the rules without sanctions. Until this paper was written, there has never been a leader with leadership who has implemented a similar regulation as a direct effort from the role of a leader in reducing the use of plastic bags, where the use of plastic bags is the biggest contributor as a source of producing plastic waste.
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Beam, Susan. "Surveying the territory: Re-examining MacBride and theories of development." Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 50, no. 2-3 (October 1992): 109–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001654929205000203.
Full textAbstract:
In 1980, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) published Many Voices, One World, more commonly known as the MacBride Report. The 16-member committee that shaped the report created a comprehensive document about the state of world communications. The report concluded with recommendations for balancing the international inequities the committee saw in communication structures and media flows. Now, more than ten years after the MacBride Report, it is time to ask just how concretely the world has moved toward those substantive reforms. It is important, though, to view communications disparities as a part of the bigger question of global inequality and underdevelopment which affects all aspects of a nation's being. The question is not merely how many radios people own, but what does that tell us about their lives? Where does mass communication fit into the processes of nation-building and wealth generation? If change has occurred, has it affected the applicability of prior research to the current state of the world? This study is an attempt to update the information and problems outlined in the MacBride Report. We attempt to find out, at the most basic level, if worldwide inequities have improved or worsened for some of the most common tools of mass communication: newspapers, television and radio. After outlining the current situation, an attempt will be made to apply some of the theories put forth by Lerner, Schramm, and others to see if they can give further insight into the problems. For this study, we created a country data base following the country listing as used by Unesco in its reports, then entered information for each country which had data available. Variables included television, newspapers, and radios per thousand, literacy, income, urbanization, and life expectancy at birth. After discussing overall issues of disparity, the data is applied to key theories of mass communication and development. It becomes apparent that little is known about the overall nature of the relationship. The question becomes one of, can any theory be applied to communication's role in development?
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Sanjeev, Gunjan. "GOONJ – success through innovation." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111183500.
Full textAbstract:
Subject area Management (interdisciplinary): corporate social responsibility/financial management/social entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability Undergraduate/MBA. Case overview The case revolves around a Delhi-based non-governmental organization (NGO), GOONJ founded by 40-year-old social activist, Mr Anshu Gupta. Winner of several awards, this NGO is trying to highlight some ignored but basic needs of the poor by using the surplus of the cities (supply of discarded commodities: clothes, furniture, toys, waste paper, utensils stationary, etc. due to space constraints and the growing consumerism) to address scarcity of essential commodities to the poor in the rural areas and creating it as a powerful developmental resource. GOONJ has a number of collection centers across the nation through which the old clothes are collected. Thereafter, the clothes are washed, dried, repaired and packed and then reached to the far flung villages with help of partner grassroots NGO, panchayats, Indian army, etc.There are three key issues raised in the case: This NGO has been operating without any formal funding for last many years. With annual expenses over ten million, how does NGO operate so successfully. Also, it is interesting to find out how they are able to maintain cost of just 97 paisa (1 paisa=1/100 rupee) from the time old clothing is collected to the point where it has been delivered to a needy. The second issue about the synergy that is created by the NGO – corporate partnership. Further, this case also gives the audience to explore synergy between NGO and B-schools. To understand the problem areas of distribution management when so many different stakeholders are involved. Expected learning outcomes To explore innovations in resource mobilization (sources of financing) and cost management. To appreciate the synergy created by forming partnerships between different stakeholders: NGO, corporate houses, B-schools. To appreciate issues and problems of distribution management – especially in the case when there are different stakeholders involved.
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Struin, N. L., N. N. Struina, M. A. Ufimtseva, Ju Ju Andreev, and E. P. Gurkovskaya. "Using Foresight Technology to Limit the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Population." Ural Medical Journal 21, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-3-21-29.
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Introduction. Over the past decade there has been a steady increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which are one of the main causes of reproductive health problems in the world. In the Russian Federation, as in the rest of the world, this problem is relevant, especially among pregnant women. In addition, the problem of detecting, registering, and recording the prevalence of STIs, as well as involving contact persons in the examination remains a problem in Russia. The purpose of this work was to analyze the possibility of using foresight technology to reduce morbidity and monitor the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the population, including by evaluating the available literature. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of medical records of syphilis and gonorrhea morbidity in the Sverdlovsk region over a ten-year period was carried out. Intensity rates of gonorrhea, syphilis and other infections per 100 thousand people were calculated. Student's test was used to compare incidence rates. Results. In order to implement foresight-technology we determined the basic indicators of morbidity indicator: gender, age and social data, belonging to "risk groups", motivational and behavioral features of different groups in the population. The incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea in the Sverdlovsk region over a 10-year period decreased by more than 50% (p < 0.05), the incidence rate of syphilis in the group of pregnant women in 2019 is five times higher than in the entire population of the Sverdlovsk region (p < 0.05). The actual discrepancy between the trend for 2019 and the registered actual incidence in the same year was 1.7-3 times. Discussion. Based on the discrepancy between the actually registered incidence of syphilis and gonococcal infection with the calculated trend for them, the main groups of problems in the organization of the activities of medical institutions were identified. Conclusions. The use of elements of foresight technology to limit the spread of STIs by organizing medical and preventive measures to minimize and prevent infection with these infections, both in specific populations and in the general population, allows for the effectiveness of this work in the practice of the dermatovenerologist.
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Comlan, Adjo, Josephine Kimani, James Kimotho, Gladys Tuitoek, and Missiani Ochwoto. "Treatment Outcome in Hepatitis B-Positive Patients Attending a Selected Clinic in Baringo County of Kenya." European Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 3 (October 18, 2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.817.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is often associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) rolled out guidelines for treatment of HBV globally in 2015 and the Kenyan Ministry of Health started implementing these guidelines in 2018. About one thousand patients have been receiving the WHO-recommended treatment across the country. However, their treatment outcome has not been evaluated. Baringo County is one of the counties with high number of patients on treatment. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the treatment outcome of these patients.
Methods: Forty-one HBV positive patients attending comprehensive care clinic in Marigat, Baringo County were randomly selected. Five millilitres of blood were drawn from each patient and processed into serum. Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibodies (HBsAb), e-antigen (HBeAg), e-Antibodies (HBeAb) and core antibodies (HBcAb) were tested using lumiquick HBV-5 panel test kit (Diagnostic, lnc, USA). HBV DNA extraction was done using Qiagen extraction kit, amplified and visualized on 2% agarose gel. All positive extracts were sequenced. HBV viral load was done using TaqMan™. HBV sequences obtained were aligned and phylogenetic trees developed. Genotypes were determined using geno2pheno software and mutations on the surface antigen and polymerase coding regions were determined from the aligned sequences.
Finding: Out of 41 serum samples collected, 2.4% patient was HBsAg negative and the remaining (97.6%) positive. HBsAb positivity was 2.4%, all samples were negative for hepatitis B core antibodies (HBcAb), 14.6% tested positive and 35(85.6%) tested negative for HBeAg. The mean age (±SD) of patients was 33.59 ± 2.307 (8-80). Ten (24.3%) samples were detectable in qPCR and their viral load ranged from 4.6×104 to 1.04×101 IU/ml with majority of them (85.6%) having HBeAg negative and 80.4% having HBeAb positive. Two genotypes, genotype D (50%) and genotype A (50%) were identified among the HBV isolates. Putative mutations: rtM129L, rtW153R, rtP237T, rtN238T, and rtN248H were detected in the RT domain and have been identified to be associated with drug resistance, but not yet been confirmed experimentally in vitro.
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Khudoba, Volodymyr, Roman Skabara, and Mariia Samartseva. "CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE AS A UNIQUE TOURIST DESTINATION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.1.13.
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The publication highlights the features of the Chernobyl tourism product. The most attractive objects in the exclusion zone are characterized and singled out, which include: Pripyat; Chernobyl observation deck and sarcophagus; secret radar station "Duga" (Chernobyl-2); red forest; kindergarten in Kopachi; cooling tower; abandoned cargo port.
It have been found that the release of a number of documentaries and the HBO series "Chernobyl", numerous computer games, including STALKER and Isotopium, simplification of the visit to the zone are main factors that influencing the development of tourism in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. It is established that the number of visitors to the "exclusion zone" of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the period from 2015 to 2019 has been increased extremely rapidly. If we compare the flow of visitors from 2015 to 2019, we can see an increase from 8 to 124 thousands. It has been discovered that in 2019, 80% of tourists were foreigners. It has been investigated that in 2020 there was a decrease in the flow of tourists, which was caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.
It is estimated that the volume of services provided by tour operators made on the basis of the cost of Chernobyl Tour services in 2019 amounted to approximately 11 million USD. This, in turn, confirms the popularity of this tourist destination, both among domestic and foreign tourists and thus brings good profits.
Current tourist and excursion routes have been considered. Chernobyl routes are usually standard. Tourists usually get from the checkpoint to Chernobyl, then the nuclear power plant, Pripyat, one of the villages where the natives returned, dinner in Chernobyl and return to Kiev. Currently, 22 routes are officially registered, including five water, three air, one bicycle and 13 bus routes. An author’s tourist route to the art objects of Pripyat has been developed, where you can simultaneously see and feel the atmosphere of the Soviet times, the impact and consequences of the man-made catastrophe and make content against the breathtaking graffiti.
Research has been conducted in the form of a survey of potential tourists to establish a portrait of the consumer of this tourist product. 178 people took part in this survey, including 117 (65,7%) women and 61 (34,3%) men. According to the results of the survey, it can be concluded that tours to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone are interesting mostly for young people and adults aged 19 to 35, who have an average monthly income from 5 to 15 thousand UAH.
The main problems of tourism development of the study have been considered. Among the most sufficient finding for the development is not only tourism, but also the area as a whole. Under tourist developed infrastructure and unsatisfactory of security services organization, which causes illegal entry into the exclusion zone of stackers. Another problem in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is forest fires, which causes huge damage, including tourism. As a result of the 2020 fires, the territories of the former villages of Leliv, Kopachi, Poliske, Grezlya, Rudnya-Grezlyanska, Kovshylivka, Varovychi, Buda-Varovychi, Martynovychi, Smaragdovy, Volkhov, Chistogalivka burned down, the territory of the Red Forest burned down, the pioneer camp "Kazovekovy" Chernobyl-2, the city of Chernobyl has been affected. As a result, a unique objects on tourist routes has been lost.
Among the prospects for the development of tourism in the Chernobyl zone can be noted the introduction and improvement water and air routes, the creation of various quests, arrangement of places for sport fishing and photo hunting. Good prospects for the tourism development in the exclusion zone will have the following types of tourism: extreme, scientific, environmental, nostalgic, industrial, nuclear or dark. Effective use of tourism potential is one of them aim prior the development of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
Keywords: tourism, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, attractiveness, tourist resources.
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Yankovs'ka, Lyubov, Svitlana Novyts'ka, and Alina Tsidylo. "BASIN APPROACH TO RESEARCH OF PROBLEMS OF NATURE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KACHAVA RIVER)." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 52, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.1.25.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the analysis of the structure of land use in the Kachava river basin, significant deviations from scientifically sound norms were revealed (anthropogenically transformed territories predominate (72.9%), including arable land (62.2%). Excessively high and ecologically dangerous plowing was revealed: in many cases the lands were plowed up to the riverbed, which can be observed in all villages, due to which the eco-corridors, which are an important part of the ecological network, are broken in the basin.
The coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of geosystems in the Kachava river basin (according to the method of P.G. Shishchenko) is calculated, which is equal to 7.2 and indicates a high level of transformation of geosystems in the study area.
A positive balance of greenhouse gases over the river basin has been established due to the large share of arable land (1,079 tons of CO2 per year) and due to the operation of livestock complexes (as a result of internal fermentation and manure treatment) - about 300 tons.
The impact on the environment of industrial facilities (furniture company (SAMM) in the village of Romanivka, brick factory LLC "Western Trade Organization" in the village of Maly Khodachkiv, Galushchynets quarry, area 45.75 ha, in which limestone is mined, with a capacity of 700 thousand tons per year). The following main environmental problems have been identified: air pollution due to improper disposal of waste in the furniture industry, mining. The level of traffic load in all settlements of the Kachava river basin is studied. The recreational load and recreational capacity of the territory are investigated. Recreation is based on ponds, which are used for fishing, swimming or just relaxing in nature. The ecological condition of the Kachava, Romanivsky, Kolodiyivsky and Malokhodachkivsky ponds was analyzed according to physical and hydrobiological indicators. It was found that they are satisfactory for all ponds, except Malohodachkivsky, which can be used for recreational purposes. Despite the fact that the recreational load does not exceed the recreational capacity of the territory, there are environmental problems such as neglect of the coast, pollution by solid waste. The ecosystem of the Kachava, Romanivsky, Kolodiyivsky and Malokhodachkivsky ponds are analyzed according to physical and hydrobiological indicators.
Measures to optimize land use in the Kachava River basin are proposed: it is proposed to reduce arable land by an average of 97.65 hectares (5.7%) due to mostly afforestation; creation of а new protected object (landscape reserve near the village of Maly Khodachkiv). The submitted proposal will increase the share of land under natural eco-stabilization lands from 27.1 to 33% of the total area of the river basin and achieve the formation of a continuous eco-corridor, which will connect nature reserves.
Key words: river, pond, river basin, ecological situation, nature resource management, anthropogenic impact, anthropogenic transformation, optimization.
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Medhi, Bikash. "Guidelines for Nanopharmaceutical Products for Regulatory Approval." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 5723–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
The word 'nano' refers to a Greek prefix that means 'dwarf' or very little,' and represents a thousand millionth of a meter (10-9) in length. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of nanoscale range materials. Initially, the term Nanotechnology was used by N. Taniguchi in 1974 at an international conference on industrial production in Tokyo to characterize the super-thin processing of materials with nanometre accuracy and the fabrication of nano-sized systems (Bayda S. et al., 2020). The usage of nanomaterials has enhanced the application of nanomedicine in various therapeutics area with challenges and limitations over the last ten years. Alteration of the physiochemical, biological, mechanical & other properties of the materials made the nanomaterials and it can be utilized in different useful activities such as drug development, drug target. Nanotechnology utilized novel nanomaterials to make useful products. This technology has been used to overcome the limitations & challenges in different drug therapies. (Harea JI et al., 2017).
The combination of nanotechnology with pharmaceuticals and biomedicals is termed nano pharmaceutical. Nanopharmaceuticals is a new technology in current practice. As a result, there are no widely agreed nanopharmaceuticals guidelines. The general idea of regulatory requirements for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), as stated in the CDSCO's New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules 2019, was mandatory in drug development pathways. These criteria are also in line with the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) recommendations and international standards that other countries using such items follow. New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules, 2019 should be followed in different drug development. (Harea JI et al., 2017).
Globally, there are important guidelines developed by the United States Food & Drugs Administration (USFDA), International Council for Harmonization (ICH), or Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (Harea JI et al., 2017).
Current regulatory approaches by US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), established the nanotechnology task force in August 2006. This regulatory approach encourages the development of nanoproducts. FDA has issued the guidelines in 2007 to the industry to address the benefits & risks of Drugs, medical devices, and other nanoproducts. FDA is also working with other U.S. government agencies to focus on the safety & efficacy of nanoproducts and U.S. initiates the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) which is a federal research & development program to coordinate the effort of all government agencies involved in nanotechnology. The main goal of the NNI is to maintain the class of research & development program, encourage inducing the new technologies in the product, developing the supporting infrastructure & tools needed for nanotechnology (Ventola et al., 2012).
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Nwabuko, Ogbonna Collins, and Adaunwa Dorathy Okoh. "Retrospective Survey of Sickle Cell Disease in Pregnancy in a Niger-Delta Nigerian Tertiary Health Center." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 5577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.5577.5577.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: The number of sickle cell disease (SCD) females with pregnancy is increasing worldwide today because of better care for sickle cell patients and an increase in life expectancy for these people. This however poses obstetric complications if pregnancy progresses without adequate care and follow-up. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and challenges of SCD among pregnant women seen in ante-natal clinic in a Niger-delta Nigerian tertiary health center. Methodology: This was a-ten-year retrospective study of thirty five thousand, nine hundred and seventy six pregnant women seen at the antenatal clinic of Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH) (2003-2013). Biomedical data and hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis were obtained using hypothesis generation questionnaires and conventional hemoglobin electrophoretic machines respectively. Data analysis was obtained using SPSS version 16. Result: A total of 35,976 pregnant women registered in the ante-natal clinic within the study period out of which 28,815 (80.09%) were Hb AA, 7,109 (19.77%) were Hb AS, and 52 were Hb SS (prevalence of 1.4 per 1000 pregnant women). The average booking gestational ages of 22.6 and 29.1 weeks were recorded for SCD and non-SCD participants respectively. The higher level of education (Post-secondary and post-graduate) recorded was relatively higher among the SCD (60%) compared to non-SCD (58.05%) population, although this was not statistically significant (Table 1). Hemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dl were recorded by 39.4 % and 80.8% of non-SCD and SCD participants respectively (P=0.001) (Table 2a). The study population recorded 20.8% as Hb AS (Table 2b). Conclusion: The prevalence of sickle cell disease in pregnancy is on the increase in this region. Anemia, late ante-natal booking, and poor educational empowerment rank among the greatest challenges confronting management of sickle cell disease in pregnancy in Nigeria. Therefore, awareness creation and national policies that will scale up the care of sickle cell disease in pregnancy should be topmost priorities in improving their life expectancies in Nigeria. Table 1. Levels of Education: SCD Pregnant women compared to Non-SCD Pregnant Levels of Education Frequency n (%) Total n (%) p-value Non HbSS HbSS Primary (1-6) 71 (0.2) - (0) 71 (0.2) <0.05 JSS (1-3) 810 (2.4) 1 (2) 811 (2.4) >0.05 SS (1-3) 13,308 (39.4) 19 (38) 13,417 (39.7) >0.05 Post-Secondary (Tertiary) 19,419 (57.5) 28 (56) 19,447 (57.2) >0.05 Post-graduate (Masters, Ph.D.) 188 (0.55) 2 (4%) 190 (0.5) <0.05 Total 33,756 (100) 50 (100) 33,806 (100) Table 2. (a) Pattern of Hemoglobin Concentration in HbSS and Non-HbSS Pregnant women Hb Conc. (g/dl) Frequency n (%) Total n (%) p-value Non-HbSS HbSS <11 13,276 (39.2) 42 (80.8) 13,318 (39.3) <0.05 ≥11 20,554 (60.8) 10 (19.2) 20,564 (60.7) <0.05 Total 33,830 (100) 52 (100.0) 33,882 (100) Chi-square: 188.78, p-value = 0.001 Note: Hb Concentration <11.0 g/dl is termed "Anemia in pregnancy" [1],[2]. 34,020 of the registered women had their Hemoglobin concentration documented. References: 1. World Health Organization (WHO). The prevalence of Anemia in women: a tabulation of available information. Geneva, Switzerland:WHO; 1992. WHO/MCH/MSM/92.2. 2. World Health Organization (WHO). Prevention and Management of Severe Anemia in Pregnancy: Report of a Technical Working Group. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO/FNE/MSM/93.5. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Havdei, Svitlana V. "Analyzing the Traditional and Novel Factors for the Development of Ukrainian Tourism Sector." Business Inform 8, no. 535 (2022): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-8-151-158.
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The purpose of the article is a statistical analysis of traditional and novel factors of development of the tourism sector of Ukraine. The results of the carried out statistical analysis of traditional factors of development of the tourism sector showed that in Ukraine over the past ten years the demand for tourist services has increased more than 3 times. However, restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to a drop in the indicator to the level of 2002. During the study period, the share of outbound tourism increased significantly – from 14% in 2000 to 90% in 2020. According to research by the State Agency for Tourism Development (SATD), the COVID-19 pandemic affected the number of travels of a significant part of Ukrainians. 30% of all respondents, or 52% of those who traveled around Ukraine before, have significantly reduced the number of trips or stopped traveling in Ukraine altogether. However, the main reason for the low involvement of Ukrainians in domestic tourism is, first of all, the lack of funds and financial constraints, and only then – COVID restrictions. Among the criteria of regional factors are the organization, finance, self-government, knowledge and skills. The greatest impact on the regional factor have had the insufficient demand for services of the tourism sector, rising prices for tourist services, a meager share of tourism revenues in GDP, and a significant decrease in tax revenues from the tourism industry because of the hostilities. The analysis of the latest factors includes the resilience of health systems toward the rapid growth in the number of people with COVID-19. The number of patients with COVID-19 in Ukraine as of the end of August 2022 amounted to more than 5 million people, or 12.2% of the total population of Ukraine, of which more than 100 thousand died, i. e., 2.2% of the total population of Ukraine. However, the national vaccination program of Ukrainians has led to a decrease in the number of patients or a mild course of the disease. From the point of view of securitization, there have been changes in safety and health policy on the part of the authorities. To this end, the Ministry of Health has developed various documents for the provision of medical care in case of COVID-19. From a financial point of view, in 2020, the central government’s spending on healthcare has more than doubled. During the pandemic, the global tourism crisis caused the rise of domestic tourism. However, Russia’s military aggression has changed the trajectory of development not only of Ukrainian tourism sector, but also of the entire economy. However, in the post-war period, Ukrainians have every chance and obligation to qualitatively rebuild the country and the tourism sector in particular – for the future.
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Anwar, Muhammad Idrees. "The hidden sharks of clinical practice." Health Professions Educator Journal 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53708/hpej.v2i2.236.
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‘The doctors of tomorrow will be applying knowledge and deploying skills which are at present unforeseen’. This was written by General Medical Council , UK in “Tomorrow’s Doctor” 1993,(General Medical Council, 1993), but this still holds true. We as health care providers strive to provide the best of care to our patients and perhaps doing a good job. You may object to this “perhaps “as obviously at a glance the health care appears optimal. But we do not know that underneath this poise and calm sea are deadly sharks that gulp and bite our results. Statistically speaking, there is one in eleven million risks of being bitten by a shark. In comparison, the risk of patient death occurring due to a preventable medical accident, while receiving health care, is estimated to be one in three hundred. It is obvious that you are safer in diving in the ocean than receiving treatment at a health care facility. Yet it is preventable. This preventable medical accident is the hidden shark of our clinical practice that bites our results without us even knowing about it. Hippocrates defined patient safety as primum no nocere, or “First, do no harm.” Yet we discovered it quite recently. A television program by the name of ” Deep Sleep “ aired in April 1983 first shocked the public that six thousand patients die due to anesthesia-related deaths. In 1983, the Harvard Medical School and the British Royal Society of Medicine jointly sponsored a symposium on anesthesia, deaths, and injuries. They also agreed to share statistics and to conduct studies for all anesthesia accidents. In 1984, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) had established the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF). The foundation marked the first use of the term “patient safety” in the name of a professional reviewing organization. The Australian Patient Safety Foundation was founded in 1989 for anesthesia error monitoring. Both organizations were soon expanded, as the magnitude of the medical error crisis became known. The studies expanded to all specialties, areas, and actual impact was measured. It is now estimated that that healthcare errors impact one in every ten patients around the world, the World Health Organization calls patient safety an endemic concern. Alarming, isn’t it? Yes, it is quite an alarming situation and it is the time that we all must blow the whistle to this global as well as regional problem. We are at a very initial stage where most of us are not even aware of its serious concerns. The waters are infested with sharks, and we must know and learn how to tackle them. The errors typically include surgical, diagnostic, medication, devices and equipment, and systems failures, infections, falls, and healthcare technology. Wrong or missed diagnosis and side effects of drugs are more common. No area of health care delivery is exempt, but they occur more so in an emergency room and outpatient clinic. (Bari, Khan, & Rathore, 2016) Errors are classified as two types: 1. Errors of omission occur because of actions not taken. Examples are not putting a strap to a patient. 2. Errors of the commission occur because of the wrong action taken. Examples include administering a medication to which a patient has a known allergy. You must be wondering why I chose this in a medical education journal. First and foremost, it is one of the serious international health concerns in the current era. Globally, almost a million patients die each year along with the cost associated with medication errors of about $42 billion USD annually. Secondly, the key to the solution lies with medical educationists. By now, you must be wondering how medical educationists could solve the predicament. Well! The solution lies in developing skills like communication, organization, teamwork, leadership, and decision-making. Not just the skills but also patient safety attitudes have to be adapted along with developing a “safety culture” at the workplace (Ayub & Khan, 2018). Our doctors of future and health care centers will only be safe if the safety is taught and assessed, at every level of learning and teaching. The culture of patient safety is created by identifying errors, developing systems based on newer technologies to recognize and correct errors. A broad range of safety culture properties can be organized into multiple subcultures like leadership, teamwork, evidence-based patient care, communication, learning from errors, identifying systems errors, and providing patient-centered care. Currently, the issue is remotely addressed in learning and teaching at both graduate and postgraduate levels. It is imperative that medical educationist should play their role by not only learning but also teaching all the necessary skills required to develop a safe environment for patients. The waters are full of sharks, and we must take protective measures.
Stay safe
References
Ayub, A., & Khan, R. A. 2018. Learning to cure with care:
Awareness of faculty and medical students about students’ roles
related to patient safety. J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 68(9).
Bari, A., Khan, R. A., & Rathore, A. W. 2016. Medical errors;
causes, consequences, emotional response and resulting
behavioral change. Pakistan J. Med. Sci., 32(3) doi:10.12669/
pjms.323.9701.
General Medical Council, U.K. (1993). Tomorrow’s doctors:
Recommendations on undergraduate medical education.
London.
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Rahi-Tamm, Aigi, and Argo Kuusik. "Tagasi esivanemate maale: eestlaste evakueerimine Loode-Venemaalt 1942–44 [Abstract: Back to the ancestral homeland: the evacuation of Estonians from Northwestern Russia in 1942–44]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2017.1.04.
Full textAbstract:
For Estonians, similarly to many other peoples, the German occupation (1941–44) stood for massive relocations of people that stemmed from the ethno-political aims and military needs of the National Socialist regime. The evacuation to Estonia in 1942–44 of Estonians who lived in areas to the east of the Estonian border – in Ingria, the region beyond Lake Peipus (the former county of Oudova), and the Luga River and Pskov area – is the focus of this article. This was an operation to bring ethnic Estonians who had emigrated to Russia before World War I back to their ancestral homeland.
According to the plan of the head of the German SS and Police Heinrich Himmler, the approximately 80,000 Russians who lived along Estonia’s eastern border were to be settled to the east as an element foreign to Estonia both racially and in terms of their mentality and to replace them with the Estonians living on the eastern side of Lake Peipus. To this end, the Germans, Estonians, Baltic Finns and minorities of other origins living in Russia had to be registered first so that they could be resettled in Germany, Estonia, Finland or elsewhere. The registration of ethnic groups that began in October 1941 was completed in Ingria in February 1942. More than 81,000 persons were registered, among them over 12,000 Estonians. Registration continued in the Oudova area and elsewhere in 1942–43. The “yellow card” issued to registered persons permitted them to resettle. The evacuation of Germans began in January 1942. A while later, Estonians also received permission to relocate into Estonia via Narva. This initially took place on a voluntary basis and by the means of the people themselves. The organised extraction of Estonians began in the summer of 1942, while the more massive resettlement took place in 1943. Above all, difficult local conditions, especially hunger, frequent attacks by partisans, and the high-handed behaviour of the German
authorities, forced the inhabitants to leave. Yet since there was a great deal of uncertainty concerning what lay ahead, many people were hesitated to leave.
The situation changed in 1943, especially in the latter half of the year, when an offensive of Soviet forces was expected in the Leningrad area. On 21 September 1943, the supreme commander of the rear area of Army Group Nord Kuno-Hans von Both gave the order to implement Operation Roboter. According to this plan, not a single “person who could be put to use” was permitted to be left behind. Four routes were prescribed for the evacuation. A large number of people were brought across Lake Peipus on barges. The forcible evacuation of minorities that began in September was followed by the evacuation of local Russian inhabitants in October, which was carried out violently and at an accelerated pace, causing the inhabitants to flee to the woods en masse. Approximately 30,000 Russians were brought to Estonia in the course of this operation.
Approximately 24,000 Estonians made it to Estonia in 1942–44. Most of them were put to work in agriculture. While the first Estonian resettlers were permitted to bring as much livestock, grain and property along with them as their means of transportation allowed, those who came later had to settle for bringing a few pieces of hand baggage. There was not enough food or places to live in Estonia. Those evacuees whose relatives invited them to stay with them were in a better situation. Most evacuees who had not found any relatives were housed in camps, from where they moved around chaotically looking for work and shelter, thus arousing fear in the
local inhabitants of the spread of contagious diseases and annoyance due to the begging that ensued. Although farmers desperately needed a helping hand, the refugees often proved to be unreliable.
After the Great Terror of the 1930s, in the course of which Estonians in the Soviet Union were murdered on the basis of their ethnic attributes, many regretted that they had not opted to return to Estonia in the 1920s. The dream of passage to Estonia came true in 1942–44 in a rather unexpected way, yet a number of disappointments were in store. The general attitude of Estonians living in Estonia was standoffish towards them as people who had come from “over there”, or the land of the Soviets. Contacts between families had been severed in the 1920s and 1930s. Attitudes, prejudices, fears and the years spent apart generated distrust and estrangement, which in some cases persisted for years. The evacuation of Estonians also meant the final collapse of the Estonian villages and the cultural landscape in Northwestern Russia. About ten thousand Estonians still lived in the oblasts of Northwestern Russia in 1989.
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Korniienko, L. "Mоnitoring the features of the episothology of the talk in scada district of Kherson region." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 2 (144) (December 24, 2018): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2018-144-2-28-36.
Full textAbstract:
Every year, more than 55,000 people in the world die of rabies, which is confirmed by the data of the WHO expert committee. Up to 40% of victims, from bites sick or suspected of rabies animals are children under the age of 15 years. The source of the rabies agent in 99% of human deaths was dogs. More than 15 million people around the world receive anti-rabies vaccinations after contact with sick or rabies-pets. According to experts, this prevents 327 thousand deaths from rabies a year. The susceptibility to skeletal infection of various species of animals, involvement in the epizootic chain, in addition to wildlife, also in domestic and farm animals, has become an extremely high risk for humans, and the lack of means for treating rabies - determine its special place among all contagious diseases. In the current situation, a rabie must be viewed as an international rather than a local or national problem, so it describes the disease as a global scale noseau [17]. After all, according to the statistics of the International Office of Epizootics (MEB) of the governing body of the World Organization for Animal Health (WHO) cases of rabies recorded in more than 150 countries of the world. Rabies free are only the countries of Oceania and the United Kingdom, and in other countries the sporadic cases of this deadly disease are recorded. In Europe, this infection in the 50s has become epizootic. The "eradication" of the rabies virus in different countries of Europe during 2008-2015 was conducted in accordance with the developed and implemented Program, where the best results were received in Germany and Switzerland, in these countries the oral immunization of wild carnivores is used (without restrictions on funding). At the end of the last century, the epicenter of the rabies began to move from Eastern Europe to the territory of Poland (2001-2002), Croatia (2003) and then to the east - to the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, Latvia and Ukraine. The conducted monitoring of the rabies epizootology have shown that the entire territory of Ukraine is a zone of stable disadvantage of this disease. The peak of epizootics in Ukraine, over the past 65 years, has fallen to 2007 (2393 cases). Since 2008 there were registered from one to two thousand cases of rabies. In 2017 there were registered 1356 cases of animals that were sick on rabies, despite the fact those more than 4.2 million anti-rabies vaccinations of domestic animals. The analysis of the situation shows that from year to year in Ukraine new natural fires of rabies are formed and new types of reservoir animals appear, which leads to an increase in the number of outbreaks of this disease. The main pledge of successful prevention of rabies around the world is the use of effective anti-rabies vaccines. Despite the regular implementation of planned antiepizootic measures in the southern region of Ukraine (including in the Skadovsk district), there is a tendency to spread the rabies. From year to year, a significant number of rabies in wildlife, domestic and farm animals are recorded on this territory, which is a real threat to the occurrence of the disease among humans. Investigations of the territory of the Skadovsky district of the Kherson region during the period from 2013 to 2017 showed that 25 cases of rabies were recorded in 15 settlements. To the zone with high tenseness of the epizootic situation, five settlements can be attributed, in which 15 cases of rabies were registered, namely in the villages: Krasnoye and Mykolaivka for four outbreaks, Tarasivtsi three, Ptakovtsi and Blagodatnyi for two. To the zone with low tensity epizootic situation still belongs to 10 settlements, where one case of rabies is registered. If in 2013 and 2016 there were three rabies outbreaks in four settlements, in 2014 - five cases in 5 villages, and in 2015 - 4 cases in 4 settlements, then in 2017 - 10 outbreaks communicable infection in eight villages of the district. The peak of this epizootic occurred in 2017. The conducted monitoring showed that the skeletal infection was registered in 38.5% of the Skadovsky district (in 15 out of 39 available settlements). The cases of rabies in different years are interrelated, since repeated outbreaks of this disease are recorded in previously unsuccessful places (Nikolaevka, Tarasivka, Red and Ptahovka), indicating the presence of a constant source and reservoir of communicable infection in this area. It is alarming that in 2017 cases of rabies were first recorded in 6 settlements (Blagodatnoy, Grushivtsi, Oleksandrivka, Petropavlivtsi, Zeleny and Mikhailovna), which testifies to the uncontrolled epizootic situation and the further spread of this infection in the Skadovsky district. Thus, during the last 5 years, the activity of manifestation of the epizootic process on the territory of Skadovsky area was not marked by stability, there were observed two periods of lifting epizootics of rabies - in 2014 and 2017. The permanent disadvantages of certain areas of Skadovsky district can be explained, first of all, by the presence of natural cells of the common infection, especially in the steppe part where there are bushes, empty garbage and garbage. Such conditions ensure the existence of a wide variety of wild populations (wolves, red foxes), homeless dogs and stray cats, which promotes the spread of rabies epizootics in this area. Not the timely destruction of wild animals, the catching of homeless animals that are dangerous to humans, their sterilization, the creation of shelters and proper conditions for maintenance, and in the last three years, not even the holding of oral inoculations of wild animals, has led to the emergence of new anthropological cells feline infections in this region. Monitoring surveys of all reported cases of rabies in Skadovsk district for 2013-2017 showed that in this area, the source of the rabies was different species of animals - wild, domestic and agricultural. According to the observations of many scholars, rabies does not belong to seasonal diseases, but in Skadovsk district 20 were recorded in the winter and spring months, namely: 4 outbreaks of this infection were registered in November, December, February and March, 1 in January and 2 in October. From April to August - 5 outbreaks of rabies. Seasonal cases of rabies coincide with the period of racing of foxes. In the summer, the number of diseases is minimal, because the foxes are busy raising babies, and therefore their mobility is limited. In the autumn, due to young individuals, the population density increases, and accordingly there is a proliferation and new growth of this epizootic. By increasing the population of wolves and foxes, the number of rabies cases among stray dogs and stray cats increases as a result of their contacts. In the disadvantaged areas of the district, over the past 5 years, 27 cases were diagnosed with rabies animals. Monitoring studies have shown that in 2013 the rabies virus is allocated from 4 diseased animals, in 2014 from 5, in 2015 - 4, in 2016 - 3 and in 2017 - 11 diseased rabies animals. Significant increase in the morbidity rate of animals was noted in 2017. It is known that different species of animals are susceptible to the rabies virus [1, 2, 6–9, 16, 34]. The conducted studies showed that in the Skadovsky area, the circulation of the virus of cutaneous infection is possible among different animals, because the source of the pathogen was six of their species: foxes, wolves, dogs, cats, large and small cattle. In the structure of the morbidity of animals in rabies, foxes and cats occupy the leading place with 33.3%, dogs - 14.8%, wolves and cattle - by 7.5% and DRH - 3.7%. Of the total number of ill in 41% of cases, the source of the rabies virus were wild animals, and 48% were domesticated. The analysis showed that rabies in Skadovsk district was more often registered among domestic animals - 48% (9 cats and 4 dogs). Among wild animals, patients with rabies were - 41% (11 heads, of which 9 foxes and 2 wolves), and agricultural - 11% (cow, calf and goat). Thus, the statistical data of this region confirm that the source and reservoir of the rabies agent are wild (foxes) and domestic predatory animals (dogs and cats) belonging to the class of mammals. The epizootic situation in the Skadovsk district from rabies is not catastrophic, but in recent years requires more attention and strengthening measures to combat this problem, because in 2016, the density of fox in the district was 3 heads for 1000 hectares of land; in the norm for example - 0,5 - 1 a goal for 1000 hectares of land. Rating of wolves has not been conducted here, although cases of rabies among this species of animals, for the last 5 years, were recorded twice. The increased morbidity of dogs, cats and farm animals for scarcity is a sign of epizootic malaise among wildlife. Contributes to the complication of the situation of growth in settlements of the number of homeless dogs and cats, incomplete coverage of preventive vaccinations of domestic animals, violation of the rules for keeping domestic animals by their owners. All this is a prerequisite for the formation of city-type rabies cells, which we observe in Sadovsky district of the Kherson region. In connection with the deterioration of the epizootic situation from rabies, the threat of the onset and spread of this infection among the population increases. Given that the Skadovsk district of the Kherson region is in the resort zone, and a significant number of Ukrainian and foreign citizens may come to rest on the sea, they must be aware of the epizootic rabies situation in the area in order to protect themselves from the deadly infection. Key words: contagious infection, dogs, cats, red foxes, wolves, epizootic well-being, morbidity, seasonal manifestations.