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Journal articles on the topic 'Tendons'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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1

Jiang, Man, and Dan Zhang. "Wave propagation and soliton behavior in biomechanical tissues: A mathematical approach." Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 21, no. 3 (November 14, 2024): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.62617/mcb424.

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This study presents a mathematical model for understanding wave propagation and soliton behavior in biomechanical tissues, explicitly focusing on the Achilles tendon. Utilizing the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, the research incorporates the Achilles tendons’ nonlinear elastic and viscoelastic properties to explore how mechanical waves propagate through this complex tissue. The tendon’s nonlinear elasticity leads to wave steepening, while its viscoelasticity introduces dispersive effects that counteract this steepening, resulting in the formation of solitons—stable, localized waves that mai

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2

Sharafeldin, Tamer A., Qingshan Chen, Sunil K. Mor, Sagar M. Goyal, and Robert E. Porter. "Altered Biomechanical Properties of Gastrocnemius Tendons of Turkeys Infected with Turkey Arthritis Reovirus." Veterinary Medicine International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7829138.

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Turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV) causes lameness and tenosynovitis in commercial turkeys and is often associated with gastrocnemius tendon rupture by the marketing age. This study was undertaken to characterize the biomechanical properties of tendons from reovirus-infected turkeys. One-week-old turkey poults were orally inoculated with O’Neil strain of TARV and observed for up to 16 weeks of age. Lameness was first observed at 8 weeks of age, which continued at 12 and 16 weeks. At 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age, samples were collected from legs. Left intertarsal joint with adjacent gastrocnemiu

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3

Wellings, Elizabeth P., Tony Chieh-Ting Huang, Jialun Li, Timothy E. Peterson, Alexander W. Hooke, Andrew Rosenbaum, Chunfeng D. Zhao, Atta Behfar, Steven L. Moran, and Matthew T. Houdek. "Intrinsic Tendon Regeneration After Application of Purified Exosome Product: An In Vivo Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 232596712110629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211062929.

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Background: Tendons are primarily acellular, limiting their intrinsic regenerative capabilities. This limited regenerative potential contributes to delayed healing, rupture, and adhesion formation after tendon injury. Purpose: To determine if a tendon’s intrinsic regenerative potential could be improved after the application of a purified exosome product (PEP) when loaded onto a collagen scaffold. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: An in vivo rabbit Achilles tendon model was used and consisted of 3 groups: (1) Achilles tenotomy with suture repair, (2) Achilles tenotomy with su

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Mao, W. F., Y. F. Wu, Y. L. Zhou, and J. B. Tang. "A study of the anatomy and repair strengths of porcine flexor and extensor tendons: are they appropriate experimental models?" Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 8 (July 18, 2011): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193411414117.

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Although both porcine flexor and extensor tendons have been used in tendon repair research, no studies have specifically studied the anatomical differences and repair strengths in both types of tendons. We used 12 pig trotters to observe the anatomy of these tendons and compared the 2 mm gap and ultimate strengths of flexor and extensor tendons. There were four annular (A1, A2, A3, and A4) pulleys and one oblique pulley, which form a fibro-osseous tunnel for the flexor tendons, but the anatomy of the porcine extensor tendons was markedly different from the human flexor or extensor tendons. The

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Ilahi, Omer A., Eugene F. Stautberg, David J. Mansfield, and Ali A. Qadeer. "Relationship of Musculotendinous Junction Location to Harvested Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendon Length." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 232596711770463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117704630.

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Background: Harvested hamstring tendon length has received scant attention in published anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction literature, yet length can limit the ability to increase graft diameter by folding the tendon over more than once. Indeed, some ultrashort tendons may be too short to yield a clinically useful graft after being folded over just once. Ultimately, the total length of a harvested hamstring tendon may depend on the length of the tendon distal to its musculotendinous (MT) junction. Purpose: To compare the lengths of harvested hamstring tendons to the location of th

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Peltz, Tim Sebastian, Stuart William Hoffman, Peter James Scougall, Mark Peter Gianoutsos, Robert Savage, Rema Antoinette Oliver, and William Robert Walsh. "Animal Models for Tendon Repair Experiments: A Comparison of Pig, Sheep and Human Deep Flexor Tendons in Zone II." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 22, no. 03 (August 4, 2017): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810417500381.

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Background: This laboratory study compared pig, sheep and human deep flexor tendons in regards to their biomechanical comparability. Methods: To investigate the relevant biomechanical properties for tendon repair experiments, the tendons resistance to cheese-wiring (suture drag/splitting) was assessed. Cheese-wiring of a suture through a tendon is an essential factor for repair gapping and failure in a tendon repair. Results: Biomechanical testing showed that forces required to pulling a uniform suture loop through sheep or pig tendons in Zone II were higher than in human tendons. At time poin

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7

Gaughan, E. M., R. M. DeBowes, J. P. Douglass, R. K. Frank, R. D. Klemm, and L. J. Gift. "The Influence of Intratendinous Sodium Hyaluronate on Tendon Healing in Horses." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 05, no. 04 (1992): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633108.

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SummaryAcute tendinitis was created bilaterally in the mid-metacarpal region of the deep digital flexor tendons of six horses with intratendinous collagenase administration. The collagenase-induced lesion in one deep digital flexor tendon of each horse was injected 48 h later with 10.0 mg of sodium hyaluronate (1.0 ml) while employing ultrasound guidance. To serve as a control, the lesion in the contralateral deep digital flexor tendon was injected with 1.0 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride. Sequential ultra-sonographic examinations revealed that the sodium hyaluronate treated deep digital flexor ten

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8

Biju, Urumese Palatty, V. Raveendranath, and KY Manjunath. "Anatomical Study of Extensor Tendons of Medial Four Fingers in Adults and Fetuses-A Cadaveric Study." PJSR 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8249589.

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Hand is the most frequently used part of our body, rendering it vulnerable to injury. It is mandatory to enhance the existing anatomical knowledge of the extensor tendons of the hand and their common variations whenever reconstructive surgery is planned in this region. That the human extensor muscles of the hand have great variability is now a wellestablished fact. In the present study, data was collected by dissection of fifty hands of formalin fixed adult cadavers and also stillborn full term fetuses. All extensor tendons to the fingers were identified, cleaned and the number and width of th

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Loiselle, A. E. "AGE-RELATED MECHANISMS OF ALTERED TENDON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION." Orthopaedic Proceedings 106-B, SUPP_1 (January 2, 2024): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2024.1.072.

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During aging, tendons demonstrate substantial disruptions in homeostasis, leading to impairments in structure-function. Impaired tendon function contributes to substantial declines quality of life during aging. Aged tendons are more likely to undergo spontaneous rupture, and the healing response following injury is impaired in aged tendons. Thus, there is a need to develop strategies to maintain tendon homeostasis and healing capacity through the lifespan. Tendon cell density sharply declines by ∼12 months of age in mice, and this low cell density is retained in geriatric tendons. Our data sug

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Shama, Kariman A., Zachary Franklin Greenberg, Chadine Tammame, Mei He, and Brittany L. Taylor. "Diseased Tendon Models Demonstrate Influence of Extracellular Matrix Alterations on Extracellular Vesicle Profile." Bioengineering 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2024): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11101019.

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Tendons enable movement through their highly aligned extracellular matrix (ECM), predominantly composed of collagen I. Tendinopathies disrupt the structural integrity of tendons by causing fragmentation of collagen fibers, disorganization of fiber bundles, and an increase in glycosaminoglycans and microvasculature, thereby driving the apparent biomechanical and regenerative capacity in patients. Moreover, the complex cellular communication within the tendon microenvironment ultimately dictates the fate between healthy and diseased tendon, wherein extracellular vesicles (EVs) may facilitate the

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DUFFY, F. J., J. G. SEILER, C. A. HERGRUETER, J. KANDEL, and R. H. GELBERMAN. "Intrinsic Mitogenic Potential of Canine Flexor Tendons." Journal of Hand Surgery 17, no. 3 (June 1992): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(92)90114-h.

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Recent studies have demonstrated an intrinsic neovascular response in intrasynovial healing tendons, introducing the possibility of mitogenic and/or angiogenic capability of intrasynovial tendon. To explore this hypothesis, healing canine flexor tendons were treated with early passive mobilization and the repair sites analysed at three, ten and 17 days. Specimens were mechanically digested and subjected to a standard BALB/c 3T3 mitogenic assay, which measures the capacity of tissue extracts to induce DNA synthesis and cell division in fibroblasts. Results revealed that both control and repaire

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Hashimoto, T., A. R. Thoreson, K. N. An, P. C. Amadio, and C. Zhao. "Comparison of step-cut and Pulvertaft attachment for flexor tendon graft: a biomechanics evaluation in an in vitro canine model." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 37, no. 9 (April 4, 2012): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193412442460.

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The purpose of this study was to compare two different methods of joining tendons of similar and dissimilar sizes between recipient and donor tendons for flexor tendon grafts. Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and peroneus longus (PL) canine tendons were harvested and divided into four groups. The repair technique we compared was a step-cut (SC) suture and a Pulvertaft weave (PW). FDP tendons were significantly larger in diameter than PL tendons ( p < 0.05). The volume of the SC repairs using either FDP or PL tendon as a graft was significantly smaller than PW repairs ( p < 0.05). The ult

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13

Ito, Ko, Yasuhiro Go, Shoji Tatsumoto, Chika Usui, Yosuke Mizuno, Eiji Ikami, Yuta Isozaki, et al. "Gene expression profiling of the masticatory muscle tendons and Achilles tendons under tensile strain in the Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): e0280649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280649.

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Both Achilles and masticatory muscle tendons are large load-bearing structures, and excessive mechanical loading leads to hypertrophic changes in these tendons. In the maxillofacial region, hyperplasia of the masticatory muscle tendons and aponeurosis affect muscle extensibility resulting in limited mouth opening. Although gene expression profiles of Achilles and patellar tendons under mechanical strain are well investigated in rodents, the gene expression profile of the masticatory muscle tendons remains unexplored. Herein, we examined the gene expression pattern of masticatory muscle tendons

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14

Ferreira Arquez, Humberto. "Bilateral anatomical variations of the hand extensors." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i2.19481.

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Background: The purpose of this paper is to describe an anatomical variation of the hand extensor on the little finger of the right hand which receives four tendons, condition unknown, as it is the first case reported so far in the literature. The human extensor tendons of hand often display an array of variations. Awareness of the anatomy and variations of the extensor tendons on the dorsum of the hand is necessary not only for the anatomist but also for surgeons when considering tendons for hand surgery, tendon rerouting or transplants. Materials and Methods: Bilateral anatomical variation i

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Sakaguchi, Takefumi, Bisei Ohkawara, Yasuzumi Kishimoto, Kentaro Miyamoto, Shinya Ishizuka, Hideki Hiraiwa, Naoki Ishiguro, Shiro Imagama та Kinji Ohno. "Promethazine Downregulates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Increases the Biomechanical Forces of the Injured Achilles Tendon in the Early Stage of Healing". American Journal of Sports Medicine 50, № 5 (2 березня 2022): 1317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465221077116.

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Background: Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses the differentiation of cultured tenocytes, but its roles in tendon repair remain mostly elusive. No chemical compounds are currently available to treat tendon injury. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling would accelerate tendon healing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Tendon-derived cells (TDCs) were isolated from rat Achilles tendons. The right Achilles tendon was injured via a dermal punch, while the left tendon was sham operated. A Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, IWR-1, and an antihistamine age

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Zhang, Kairui, Michael W. Hast, Soutarou Izumi, Yu Usami, Snehal Shetye, Ngozi Akabudike, Nancy J. Philp, et al. "Modulating Glucose Metabolism and Lactate Synthesis in Injured Mouse Tendons: Treatment With Dichloroacetate, a Lactate Synthesis Inhibitor, Improves Tendon Healing." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 9 (June 21, 2018): 2222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518778789.

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Background: Tendon injuries are common problems among athletes. Complete recovery of the mechanical structure and function of ruptured tendons is challenging. It has been demonstrated that upregulation of glycolysis and lactate production occurs in wounds, inflammation sites, and cancerous tumors, and these metabolic changes also control growth and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. Similar metabolic changes have been reported in human healing tendons. In addition, lactate production has increased in progenitors isolated from injured tendons after treatment with IL-1β. It is thought

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17

Pike, A. V., R. F. Ker, and R. M. Alexander. "The development of fatigue quality in high- and low-stressed tendons of sheep (Ovis aries)." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 14 (July 15, 2000): 2187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.14.2187.

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The time taken to rupture in cyclic fatigue tests, to a stress of 45 MPa, was used to compare the fatigue quality of tendons from sheep of varying ages. Muscle and tendon cross-sectional areas were used to calculate the stress-in-life of each tendon. For any given age, high-stressed plantaris tendons were of a higher fatigue quality than low-stressed extensor tendons. Both fatigue quality and stress-in-life increased with age for each tendon type. High-stressed tendons are subjected to large increases in stress-in-life during growth, and fatigue quality increased significantly with this stress

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Thorpe, Chavaunne T., Chineye P. Udeze, Helen L. Birch, Peter D. Clegg, and Hazel R. C. Screen. "Specialization of tendon mechanical properties results from interfascicular differences." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 76 (July 4, 2012): 3108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0362.

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Tendons transfer force from muscle to bone. Specific tendons, including the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), also store and return energy. For efficient function, energy-storing tendons need to be more extensible than positional tendons such as the common digital extensor tendon (CDET), and when tested in vitro have a lower modulus and failure stress, but a higher failure strain. It is not known how differences in matrix organization contribute to distinct mechanical properties in functionally different tendons. We investigated the properties of whole tendons, tendon fascicles

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Bramlage, L. R., M. Bailey, A. L. Bertone, S. E. Weisbrode, and R. W. Henninger. "Effects of Tendon Splitting on Experimentally-Induced Acute Equine Tendinitis." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 05, no. 01 (1992): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633122.

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SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare the early phases of healing between surgically split and unsplit (control) tendons in a superficial digital flexor tendinitis model. Tendinitis was induced in both forelimbs of six horses by injection with collagenase. One tendon from each horse was randomly chosen to undergo tendon splitting. In six horses, the tendons were evaluated by ultrasonography before (week 0) and after (week 1) the onset of tendinitis and at weeks two, three, and four following tendon splitting. Three horses were euthanatized at the end of week four. Three horses were

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Hayashi, M., C. Zhao, K. N. An, and P. C. Amadio. "The effects of growth and differentiation factor 5 on bone marrow stromal cell transplants in an in vitro tendon healing model." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 4 (May 2011): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193410394521.

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The effects of growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on tendon healing were investigated under in vitro tissue culture conditions. BMSCs and GDF-5 placed in a collagen gel were interpositioned between the cut ends of dog flexor digitorum profundus tendons. The tendons were randomly assigned into four groups: 1) repaired tendon without gel; 2) repaired tendon with BMSC-seeded gel; 3) repaired tendon with GDF-5 gel without cells; and 4) repaired tendon with GDF-5 treated BMSC-seeded gel. At 2 and 4 weeks, the maximal strength of repaired tendons with GDF-5

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Beger, Orhan, Gamze Tumentemür, Coşar Uzun, Elif Nedret Keskinöz, Özlem Elvan, Deniz Uzmansel, Mert Keskinbora, Nurten Erdal, Bahar Taşdelen, and Zeliha Kurtoğlu. "Biomechanical and Morphometric Properties of the Long Flexor Tendons of the Toes: A Cadaver Study." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 109, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/17-063.

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Background: We sought to show the biomechanical and morphometric properties of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon grafts harvested by specific surgical approaches and to assess the contribution of FHL slips to the long flexor tendons of the toes. Methods: Thirteen fresh-frozen amputated feet (average age, 79 years) were dissected. The connections between the FHL and FDL tendons and the contribution of FHL slips to the long flexor tendons were classified. The biomechanical properties of the tendons and slips were measured using a tensile device. Results: The c

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Havulinna, J., O. V. Leppänen, T. L. N. Järvinen, and H. Göransson. "Comparison of modified Kessler tendon suture at different levels in the human flexor digitorum profundus tendon and porcine flexors and porcine extensors: an experimental biomechanical study." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 8 (August 4, 2011): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193411415936.

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This study compared the biomechanical behaviour of repairs in the human flexor digitorum profundus tendon in zones I, II and III with repairs of different segments of the porcine flexor tendon of the second digit and the extensor digiti quarti proprius tendon, in order to assess the validity of porcine tendons as models for human flexor tendon repairs. These porcine tendons were selected after comparing their size with the human flexor digitorum profundus tendon. The tendon repairs were done in three segments of each porcine tendon and repairs in the human tendons were done in zones I,II and I

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23

Sobel, Mark, Mark J. Geppert, Jo A. Hannafin, Walther H. O. Bohne, and Steven P. Arnoczky. "Microvascular Anatomy of the Peroneal Tendons." Foot & Ankle 13, no. 8 (October 1992): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079201300807.

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The etiology of longitudinal splitting of the peroneus brevis tendon is unclear. It has been hypothesized that compressive load applied to the tendon as it passes through the fibular groove may compromise the vascularity of the tendon with resultant inhibition of the repair response and degeneration of tendon structure. To investigate this possibility, a study of the microvascularity of the peroneal tendons was undertaken. Twelve fresh, frozen cadaveric limbs were injected with India ink. The vascularity of the peroneal tendons was examined in situ and the tendons were harvested and cleared us

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Aneja, Arun, Spero G. Karas, Paul S. Weinhold, Hessam M. Afshari, and Laurence E. Dahners. "Suture Plication, Thermal Shrinkage, and Sclerosing Agents." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 11 (November 2005): 1729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546505275492.

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Background Shortening or tightening of dense, collagenous tissues is often desirable in the treatment of laxity. Purpose To compare the effect of stress-protection suture, radiofrequency thermal shrinkage combined with stress-protection suture, and a 5% sodium morrhuate sclerosing injection on the length and biomechanical strength of the rat patellar tendon. Hypothesis Sclerosing agents will increase tendon mechanical strength. Thermal shrinkage combined with stress-protection suture and stress-protection suture only will cause a short-term decrease in tendon strength. All 3 methods will produ

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PRING, D. J., A. A. AMIS, and R. R. H. COOMBS. "The Mechanical Properties of Human Flexor Tendons in Relation to Artificial Tendons." Journal of Hand Surgery 10, no. 3 (October 1985): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681_85_80055-3.

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The continuation of an unacceptable failure rate with tendon repair or grafting procedures, largely due to adhesions, suggested that an artificial flexor tendon could be an attractive alternative. A literature search found no published data of the mechanical properties of fresh human finger flexor tendons, so a study of the strength and extensibility of 153 tendons was carried out. The bone insertion strength of twenty middle finger tendons was also examined. The results showed that an artificial tendon should have a strength of approximately 1500N, and that it should extend 13% at that load,

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Kagan, I. I., V. V. Ivlev, and A. M. Gur'yanov. "Differences and regularities of the macro- and microscopic structure of the limb tendons." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-1-36-43.

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The aim of the study was to present differences and regularities in the macro- and microscopic structure of the muscle tendons of the limbs identified by comparative analysis and generalization of the obtained findings.Material and methods. The study included transverse histotopograms of 519 tendons of 17 different muscles of the upper and lower limbs. Histotopograms were received from 93 human cadavers and amputated limbs of 10 patients. Transverse sections of tendons up to 20 μm thick were stained with picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson, and hematoxylin–eosin. Histotopograms were studied a

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WIIG, M., and S. O. ABRAHAMSSON. "Hyaluronic Acid Modulates Cell Proliferation Unequally in Intrasynovial and Extrasynovial Rabbit Tendons In Vitro." Journal of Hand Surgery 25, no. 2 (April 2000): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.1999.0354.

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As tendons differ in biochemical composition and cellular capacities, we have compared dose response effects of hyaluronic acid on cell proliferation and synthesis of matrix components in intermediate and proximal segments of intrasynovial deep flexor tendons and extrasynovial peroneus rabbit tendons in vitro. Compared with matched control tendons, hyaluronic acid inhibited cell proliferation in intermediate and proximal intrasynovial flexor tendon segments at the concentrations of 0.1–2.0 mg/ml and 0.5–2.0 mg/ml respectively, but in extrasynovial tendon segments only at the concentration of 0

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Suzuki, Takeshi, and Akiko Okamoto. "Marked Multiple Tendinitis at the Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Patient with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Ultrasonographic Observation." Case Reports in Rheumatology 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/486348.

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A 59-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). She presented with marked tendinitis of the Achilles tendons, patellar tendons, and finger extensor tendons at the onset of RA. Ultrasonographic examination revealed that tendon lesions were predominantly tendinitis rather than paratenonitis, and that the tendinitis was of the noninsertional variety, rather than the insertional variety. Preexisting tendon xanthomas might have contributed to the unusually dominant noninsertional tendinitis of multiple tendons.

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Forthofer, BS, Michael J., Katherine M. Arnold, MS, Ramona L. Reisdorf, BS, Peter C. Amadio, MD, and Chunfeng Zhao, MD. "The Effect of Gelatin Molecular Weight on Tendon Lubrication Utilizing an Extrasynovialized Turkey Flexor Tendon Model." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa265.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Flexor tendon injuries are common hand injuries among the military population often resulting in functional impairment. Flexor tendon gliding friction has been linked to adhesion formation, especially with the use of extrasynovial grafts. Carbodiimide-derivatized hyaluronic acid with gelatin (cd-HA-gelatin) can reduce gliding friction of the tendon graft; however, the effects of gelatin molecular weight (MW) have not been studied. The turkey model has been shown to better match humans, but extrasynovial tendons are unavailable. The purpose of this study was to (1) manuall

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Biehl, C., M. Rupp, S. Kern, C. Heiss, T. ElKhassawna, and G. Szalay. "Extensor tendon ruptures in rheumatoid wrists." European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 30, no. 8 (July 3, 2020): 1499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-020-02731-1.

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Abstract Background and aims Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease. The associated involvement of hands and tendons is over 90% and impairs overall function. In the course of the disease, the joints are often operated on. During this operation, ruptures of the extensor tendons are found by chance without the patients noticing them. The aim of this retrospective study is the prevalence of extensor tendon rupture. Which tendon is destroyed most frequently? How can the functional outcome be measured after reconstruction? Materials and methods From 1572 operations on rheumatoid wr

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Paul, Shipra, and Srijit Das. "Anomalous extensor tendons of hand: a case report with clinical importance." Colombia Medica 38, no. 2 (June 29, 2007): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cm.v38i2.497.

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The extensor digitorum muscle of the hand originates from the common extensor origin i.e., from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and ends in four tendons, one for each digit except for the thumb. This paper reports a case, in which the tendon of the extensor digitorum ended as four tendons to the index, middle, ring and little fingers, but displayed variations in the number of tendons to each finger. Two tendons of extensor digitorum were observed in the ring and the little finger. Such an arrangement of the tendons of the extensor digitorum may have clinical importance. The presence of m

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McKay, K. S., and M. A. Erki. "Grouted anchorages for aramid fibre reinforced plastic prestressing tendons." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-137.

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Nonmetallic prestressing tendons, made of fibre-reinforced composite materials, are being proposed as alternatives to steel prestressing tendons for bridges and parking garage structures, where corrosion is the leading cause of structural deterioration. One type of commercially available nonmetallic tendons is made of pultruded aramid fibres. One of the main problems for these tendons, which is common to all nonmetallic tendons, is that the high ratio of the axial to lateral strength of fibre-reinforced materials requires special attention to the type of anchorage used. For the aramid tendon,

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WANG, B., and J. B. TANG. "Increased Suture Embedment in Tendons: An Effective Method to Improve Repair Strength." Journal of Hand Surgery 27, no. 4 (August 2002): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2002.0773.

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We evaluated the effect of length of suture embedment within tendons on the tensile strength of repaired tendons. Thirty fresh pig flexor tendons were divided into three groups and subjected to repairs with the Halsted tendon sutures in which 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 of the length of the longitudinal sutures was embedded within the tendons. The repaired tendons were pulled to complete failure by an Instron tensile testing machine. The 2 mm gap-formation force, ultimate strength, stiffness, and energy to failure were greatest when 2/3 of the suture length was embedded within the tendon. The results in

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CAO, Y., R. G. XIE, and J. B. TANG. "Dorsal-Enhanced Sutures Improve Tension Resistance of Tendon Repair." Journal of Hand Surgery 27, no. 2 (April 2002): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2001.0687.

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Thirty-six fresh pig flexor tendons were repaired using either the modified Kessler method or the Tang method. Nine tendons from each group were tested in an Instron tensile testing machine with the tendons passing 90° around a pulley. The other nine tendons from each group were pulled linearly by the testing machine. The 2mm gap formation force of the tendons repaired with the modified Kessler and Tang methods and pulled at 90° were 64%±5% and 79%±9% respectively of those forces recorded during linear testing. The ultimate strengths of tendons repaired by the modified Kessler and Tang methods

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Lee, G. J., S. Kwak, H. K. Kim, S. H. Ha, H. J. Lee, and G. H. Baek. "Spontaneous Zone III rupture of the flexor tendons of the ulnar three digits in elderly Korean farmers." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 40, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193414541221.

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Spontaneous flexor tendon rupture is a rare condition and the aetiology is not clear. We report 12 elderly Korean farmers with spontaneous flexor tendon ruptures. We found the rupture in the dominant hand in ten patients. A rupture in the little finger was found in all 12 patients (seven with both flexor tendons ruptured and five with only the profundus ruptured), in the ring finger in four patients (the profundus ruptured in all and both flexor tendons in two patients), and in the middle finger a partial rupture of the profundus in one patient. The tendons were ruptured close to the hook of t

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WADA, A., H. KUBOTA, K. MIYANISHI, H. HATANAKA, H. MIURA, and Y. IWAMOTO. "Comparison of Postoperative Early Active Mobilization and Immobilization in Vivo Utilising a Four-Strand Flexor Tendon Repair." Journal of Hand Surgery 26, no. 4 (August 2001): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2000.0547.

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We evaluated a technique of four-strand double-modified locking Kessler flexor tendon repair in healing tendons. Seventy-two canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons in Zone 2 were repaired and evaluated following either active mobilization or immobilization at 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after surgery. Fifty-six tendons were examined for gap and ultimate strength using a tensile testing machine and 16 were evaluated with standard hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome staining. All tendons healed without rupture or gap formation of more than 1 mm, thus demonstrating that this repair tech

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Müller, Sebastian A., Nicholas P. Quirk, Julia A. Müller-Lebschi, Patricia E. Heisterbach, Lutz Dürselen, Martin Majewski, and Christopher H. Evans. "Response of the Injured Tendon to Growth Factors in the Presence or Absence of the Paratenon." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 2 (December 14, 2018): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518814534.

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Background: The paratenon is important for Achilles tendon healing. There is much interest in the use of exogenous growth factors (GFs) as potential agents for accelerating the healing of damaged Achilles tendons. Purpose/Hypothesis: The present study used a rat model to study the responses of the injured Achilles tendon to GFs in the presence or absence of the paratenon. The hypothesis was that responses of the injured tendon to GFs would be lower in the absence of a paratenon. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A 4-mm defect was created in the right Achilles tendon of 60 ske

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Li, Jing, Mingxing Wen, Sujuan Zhang, Lingfei Du, Xin Fan, Hao Liang, Hong Wang, et al. "Research Progress on the Preparation and Application of Decellularized Tendons." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 47, no. 4 (April 6, 2025): 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47040251.

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Tendons connect animal skeletons to skeletal muscles, playing a crucial role in weight-bearing and maintaining motor functions. After decellularization, tendon extracellular matrix (tECM) retains the physicochemical characteristics similar to those of native tendons. This has made tECM a promising biomaterial in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in recent years. This paper summarizes the origin, structure, and ECM components of animal tendons, reviews decellularization methods, and discusses recent advancements in the research and applications of decellularized tendons

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Forslund, Carina, and Per Aspenberg. "Improved Healing of Transected Rabbit Achilles Tendon after a Single Injection of Cartilage-Derived Morphogenetic Protein-2." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 4 (July 2003): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310041301.

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Background Achilles tendon ruptures in humans might be treated more efficiently with the help of a growth factor. Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 has been shown to induce formation of tendon-like tissue. Hypothesis Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 has a positive effect on mechanical parameters for tendon healing in a rabbit model with Achilles tendon transection. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The right Achilles tendon of 40 rabbits was transected without tendon suture. Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 (10 μg) or vehicle control (acetate buffer) w

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Janvier, Adam J., Emily G. Pendleton, Luke J. Mortensen, Daniel C. Green, James R. Henstock, and Elizabeth G. Canty-Laird. "Multimodal analysis of the differential effects of cyclic strain on collagen isoform composition, fibril architecture and biomechanics of tissue engineered tendon." Journal of Tissue Engineering 13 (January 2022): 204173142211304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20417314221130486.

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Tendon is predominantly composed of aligned type I collagen, but additional isoforms are known to influence fibril architecture and maturation, which contribute to the tendon’s overall biomechanical performance. The role of the less well-studied collagen isoforms on fibrillogenesis in tissue engineered tendons is currently unknown, and correlating their relative abundance with biomechanical changes in response to cyclic strain is a promising method for characterising optimised bioengineered tendon grafts. In this study, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured in a fibrin scaffold wit

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Pathan, Arshad A. "Study and Analysis of Post Tension Flat Slab for Different Tendon Layouts." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37428.

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The main purpose of this paper is to study of post tension flat slab and study of their various tendon profiles. In this paper the analysis of various different tendon layouts with different sizes is done. In this paper different sizes of slab is considered and analysis is done with the help of SAFE software. With help of analysis we know the deflection of PT slab for different layouts. In this paper tendon layouts are as banded tendons in main direction, banded tendons in both directions, distributed tendons in both directions, banded and distributed tendons in both directions are considered

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Pennisi, E. "Tending Tender Tendons." Science 295, no. 5557 (February 8, 2002): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.295.5557.1011.

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Hullfish, Todd J., Kenton L. Hagan, Ellen Casey, and Josh R. Baxter. "Achilles tendon structure differs between competitive distance runners and nonrunners despite no clinical signs or symptoms of midsubstance tendinopathy." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00012.2018.

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Achilles tendinopathy affects many running athletes and often leads to chronic pain and functional deficits. Although changes in tendon structure have been linked with tendinopathy, the effects of distance running on tendon structure are not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize structural differences in the Achilles tendons in healthy young adults and competitive distance runners using quantitative ultrasound analyses. We hypothesized that competitive distance runners with no clinical signs or symptoms of tendinopathy would have quantitative signs of tendon

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Smallcomb, Molly, and Julianna C. Simon. "Histotripsy of healthy and tendinopathic ex vivo bovine tendons." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018982.

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Histotripsy has successfully fractionated most soft tissues; however, highly collagenous tissues like tendon have been resistant to histotripsy fractionation. Previously, we showed that some histotripsy parameters could create mild mechanical microdamage in healthy ex vivo rat tendons. Our objective here is to evaluate whether complete histotripsy fractionation is possible in tendons. Eight bovine tendons were injected with collagenase to induce tendinopathy; an additional four tendons were unaltered. Tendons were exposed to single- or dual-frequency histotripsy at 1.07-, 1.5-, and/or 3.68-MHz

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O'Connor, Kathryn, Elaine Schmidt, Todd J. Hullfish, Michael W. Hast, and Josh R. Baxter. "Ultrasound Stress-Imaging is a Promising Tool to Detect Achilles Tendon Damage." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00380.

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Category: Sports; Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Achilles tendon disorders are among the most common conditions observed by sports medicine physicians and among the most difficult to diagnose using current clinical tools. While qualitative imaging is a validated method to grade the severity of tendinopathy, predicting the risk of these patients progressing or suffering tendon ruptures remains a major clinical need. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of quantitative ultrasound imaging to explain in vitro fatigue-induced degradation of Achilles ten

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Liu, Yibin, Xing Li, Lei Jiang, and Jinjin Ma. "Identification of age-related genes in rotator cuff tendon." Bone & Joint Research 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2024): 474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.139.bjr-2023-0398.r1.

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AimsRotator cuff tear (RCT) is the leading cause of shoulder pain, primarily associated with age-related tendon degeneration. This study aimed to elucidate the potential differential gene expressions in tendons across different age groups, and to investigate their roles in tendon degeneration.MethodsLinear regression and differential expression (DE) analyses were performed on two transcriptome profiling datasets of torn supraspinatus tendons to identify age-related genes. Subsequent functional analyses were conducted on these candidate genes to explore their potential roles in tendon ageing. A

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Qin, Ting Wu, Shujiang Zhang, Zhi Ming Yang, Xiang Tao Mo, and Xiu Qun Li. "Mechanical Properties and Related Histological Alterations of Engineered Tendons In Vivo." Key Engineering Materials 288-289 (June 2005): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.288-289.11.

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The purpose of this research is to find out the interaction between histological alterations and mechanical properties of engineered tendon implanted in situ. Defects of 0.5cm-1.0cm were made at deep flexor tendons by surgical procedure. Engineered tendons using degradable scaffolds polyglytic acid (PGA) mesh and tendon cells were implanted to repair the defects. Chickens were killed respectively at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after surgery. The implants were taken out for histological examination, biomechanical test, and collagen synthesis assay. The results showed that after surge

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Newton, Joseph B., Courtney A. Nuss, Stephanie N. Weiss, Rebecca L. Betts, Chandra M. Sehgal, and Louis J. Soslowsky. "In Vivo Photoacoustic Ultrasound (PAUS) Assay for Monitoring Tendon Collagen Compositional Changes during Injury and Healing." Diagnostics 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2024): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141498.

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Tendon injury and healing involve significant changes to tissue biology and composition. Current techniques often require animal sacrifice or tissue destruction, limiting assessment of dynamic changes in tendons, including treatment response, disease development, rupture risk, and healing progression. Changes in tendon composition, such as altered collagen content, can significantly impact tendon mechanics and function. Analyses of compositional changes typically require ex vivo techniques with animal sacrifice or destruction of the tissue. In vivo evaluation of tendons is critical for longitu

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Suijkerbuijk, Mathijs A. M., Max Reijman, Edwin H. G. Oei, Belle L. van Meer, Ewoud R. A. van Arkel, and Duncan E. Meuffels. "Predictive Factors of Hamstring Tendon Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Harvesting: A Prospective Follow-up Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 5 (February 8, 2018): 1166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517751660.

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Background: Semitendinosus and gracilis tendons may regenerate after harvesting for ligament reconstruction procedures. However, predictive factors of tendon regeneration and the extent of functional recovery remain unclear. Purpose: To identify predictive factors for hamstring tendon regeneration and to examine the morbidity of nonregenerated hamstring tendons. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Of the 154 patients who were included in a prospective follow-up study, 79 underwent reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament entailing the hamstring tendons and met th

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Sakuma, Yu, Kensuke Ochi, Takuji Iwamoto, Asami Saito, Koichiro Yano, Yurino Naito, Shinji Yoshida, Katsunori Ikari, and Shigeki Momohara. "Number of Ruptured Tendons and Surgical Delay as Prognostic Factors for the Surgical Repair of Extensor Tendon Ruptures in the Rheumatoid Wrist." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.130861.

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Objective.Extensor tendon ruptures in the rheumatoid wrist are usually restored by extensor tendon reconstruction surgery. However, the factors significantly correlated with the outcomes of extensor tendon reconstruction have not been defined. We examined factors showing a statistically significant correlation with postoperative active motion after tendon reconstruction.Methods.Spontaneous extensor tendon ruptures of 66 wrists in patients (mean age, 52.6 yrs) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated. All patients underwent tendon reconstruction surgery with wrist arthroplasty or arthrodes

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