Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tennessee. Water Quality Control Board

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Tennessee. Water Quality Control Board'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tennessee. Water Quality Control Board"

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Garrison, Eric, and Joshua New. "Quality Control Methods for Advanced Metering Infrastructure Data." Smart Cities 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010012.

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While urban-scale building energy modeling is becoming increasingly common, it currently lacks standards, guidelines, or empirical validation against measured data. Empirical validation necessary to enable best practices is becoming increasingly tractable. The growing prevalence of advanced metering infrastructure has led to significant data regarding the energy consumption within individual buildings, but is something utilities and countries are still struggling to analyze and use wisely. In partnership with the Electric Power Board of Chattanooga, Tennessee, a crude OpenStudio/EnergyPlus model of over 178,000 buildings has been created and used to compare simulated energy against actual, 15-min, whole-building electrical consumption of each building. In this study, classifying building type is treated as a use case for quantifying performance associated with smart meter data. This article attempts to provide guidance for working with advanced metering infrastructure for buildings related to: quality control, pathological data classifications, statistical metrics on performance, a methodology for classifying building types, and assess accuracy. Advanced metering infrastructure was used to collect whole-building electricity consumption for 178,333 buildings, define equations for common data issues (missing values, zeros, and spiking), propose a new method for assigning building type, and empirically validate gaps between real buildings and existing prototypes using industry-standard accuracy metrics.
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Sharp, I. H., and M. A. Schell. "Study of Recreational Use of Sydney Water Board and Fish River Water Supply Storages (Australia)." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0037.

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Existing and potential recreational uses in a number of very different water supply catchments managed by two major N.S.W. authorities were investigated. Community attitudes to recreational use of both land based and water based activities were analysed together with reactions to increased charges to cover costs of ensuring safe water quality. Threats to water quality were studied and additional management and water quality control measures formulated.
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Duarte, E. A., I. Neto, M. Alegrias, and R. Barroso. "“Appropriate technology” for pollution control in corrugated board industry - the Portuguese case." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 6 (September 1, 1998): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0235.

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An increasing number of countries can be considered as water-stressed. Portugal is facing this problem, associated with the guarantee of an adequate water supply. Increasing costs of municipal and industrial disposal for water quality protection and pollution reduction also catalyse interest in water reuse. This paper presents a case study in the corrugated board industry, where advanced strategies were followed, in order to implement a totally integrated waste management system, through the selection of the appropriate technology, avoiding environmental damage. The results obtained were the establishment of an optimal balance between the main strategy elements, evaluated on the basis of environmental load, preservation of resources and economy.
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Katsura, Hiroki, Katsuhiko Hidaka, and Hiroyuki Suzuki. "Improvement of Water Quality and Wet End in a Board Machine with a New Microbial Control Concept." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 65, no. 5 (2011): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.65.452.

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Singh, Surjeet, N. C. Ghosh, Gopal Krishan, Ravi Galkate, T. Thomas, and R. K. Jaiswal. "Development of an Overall Water Quality Index (OWQI) for Surface Water in Indian Context." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.12.

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A number of water quality indices based on classification criteria, sub-indices and aggregation function have been developed by the researchers for categorizing the water quality for different uses. In the present study, a general Overall Water Quality Index (OWQI) is developed to classify the surface water into five categories, viz. excellent, good, fair, poor and polluted. For this purpose, the concentration ranges have been defined on the basis of the Indian Standards (IS) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) standards also taking into account other International standards of World Health Organization (WHO) and European Commission (EC). Sixteen parameters are selected based on social and environmental impact and weights are assigned on their relative importance to impact the quality of water. The proposed index improves understanding of water quality issues by integrating complex data and generates a score which describes the status of water quality. The proposed index will be very useful for the water management authorities to maintain good health of surface water resources.
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Lingaswamy, Manchala, and Praveen Saxena. "Assessment of the Water Quality of Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar and Kattamysamma Lakes of Hyderabad, Telangana State, India: Using Water Quality Index (WQI)." Current World Environment 11, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.2.23.

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The present study was carried out to assess the water quality of three lakes of Hyderabad, Telangana State, India viz., Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar and Kattamysamma Lake by using water quality index (WQI). For this study systematic sampling has been carried out by collecting sixteen samples from each lake. The collected samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Nitrates (NO32-), Sulphates (SO42-), Fluoride (F-) and Chloride (Cl-) according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 2005) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guide manual: Water and Waste water analysis. The results were compared with water quality guidelines for drinking purpose (BIS 2012). The mean values of most water quality parameters were significantly higher than the accept limits in all three lakes.Ten important water variables were chosen to calculate Water Quality Index (WQI). All the three lakes fall under unsuitable for drinking purpose (>100) according to WQI scale.
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Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A., Jennifer J. Mosher, Anthony V. Palumbo, Zamin K. Yang, Mircea Podar, Steven D. Brown, Scott C. Brooks, et al. "Mercury and Other Heavy Metals Influence Bacterial Community Structure in Contaminated Tennessee Streams." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 1 (November 5, 2010): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01715-10.

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ABSTRACTHigh concentrations of uranium, inorganic mercury [Hg(II)], and methylmercury (MeHg) have been detected in streams located in the Department of Energy reservation in Oak Ridge, TN. To determine the potential effects of the surface water contamination on the microbial community composition, surface stream sediments were collected 7 times during the year, from 5 contaminated locations and 1 control stream. Fifty-nine samples were analyzed for bacterial community composition and geochemistry. Community characterization was based on GS 454 FLX pyrosequencing with 235 Mb of 16S rRNA gene sequence targeting the V4 region. Sorting and filtering of the raw reads resulted in 588,699 high-quality sequences with lengths of >200 bp. The bacterial community consisted of 23 phyla, includingProteobacteria(ranging from 22.9 to 58.5% per sample),Cyanobacteria(0.2 to 32.0%),Acidobacteria(1.6 to 30.6%),Verrucomicrobia(3.4 to 31.0%), and unclassified bacteria. Redundancy analysis indicated no significant differences in the bacterial community structure between midchannel and near-bank samples. Significant correlations were found between the bacterial community and seasonal as well as geochemical factors. Furthermore, several community members within theProteobacteriagroup that includes sulfate-reducing bacteria and within theVerrucomicrobiagroup appeared to be associated positively with Hg and MeHg. This study is the first to indicate an influence of MeHg on thein situmicrobial community and suggests possible roles of these bacteria in the Hg/MeHg cycle.
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Fiorucci, A. "Diagrams for evaluating groundwater quality." Water Supply 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.073.

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Some special diagrams for evaluating the chemical properties of groundwater intended for human consumption are introduced, in accordance with the Italian legislation assimilating EEC Directive 91/271 concerning the treatment of urban waste water and EEC Directive 91/676 related to the protection of waters against contamination by nitrates from agricultural sources. Although the limits imposed by the legislation reflect the Italian situation, they do however conform to directives concerning the whole European Community and offer a response to international guidelines promulgated by, for example, the World Health Organization so they are also suitable for use in national contexts other than Italy. Moreover, a diagram is introduced for monitoring the quality of water destined for agriculture, in particular for irrigation and the special issue of soil protection. In this case, in the absence of specific national and/or European laws and/or Directives, reference was made to the standards of the California Water Quality Control Board. The parameters and the relative limits have been taken from such standards, to identify three quality classes of water for agricultural use with evaluation of use. Plotting such diagrams is very simple: they can be used for improving presentation and interpretation of chemical data and, most of all, to provide comparisons between different water resources or to evaluate possible changes over time. Some examples, reported in the text, will aid understanding their use and interpretation.
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Angel, Jose, and Sheila Ault. "Cooperative Partnership Between California Regional Water Quality Control Board and Imperial County Farm Bureau Creates Positive Results in TMDL Implementation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2005, no. 3 (January 1, 2005): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864705783967142.

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Vijay, Ritesh, Swapnil R. Kamble, S. S. Dhage, R. A. Sohony, and S. R. Wate. "Statistical assessment of seafront and beach water quality of Mumbai, India." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 1186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.667.

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The water quality of seafronts and beaches of Mumbai is under pressure and deteriorating due to discharge of partially treated sewage and wastewater through point and nonpoint sources. The objective of the study was to assess the water quality and to correlate physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters for establishing relationship, association and dependence on each other. The water quality parameters were selected as per SW II standards specified by Central Pollution Control Board, India and nutrient parameters as strong indicators of sewage pollution. Box and whisker plots were generated for evaluating spatio temporal variation of water quality which suggest influence of organic pollution mostly at Mahim and Dadar in the form of outliers and extremes. Pearson's correlations were estimated between parameters and found significant correlation with each other indicating influence of sewage on water quality. The water quality of beaches and seafronts were found unsafe for recreational purposes. The study suggested that designated water quality can be achieved by restricting nonpoint source through improvement in wastewater collection systems, appropriate level of treatment and proper disposal.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tennessee. Water Quality Control Board"

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Sutton, Justin Corser IV. "Groundwater Recharge Areas: Identification and Protection within the Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board Jurisdiction." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/584.

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This master’s project was conducted under the direction of the Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (Water Board) to assist with augmenting their Basin Plan. An investigation of the current practices for identifying and managing groundwater recharge areas was conducted, and strategies for protecting water quality by managing land uses in groundwater recharge areas were developed. Data sources included a review of agency documents, websites, and maps; interviews with stakeholders, and literature research. Data from these sources provided the foundation on which to base strategies for maintaining and improving groundwater quality in the Central Coast Hydrologic Region. This project recommends standard language for groundwater recharge areas, minimum criteria for identifying and mapping these areas, and protection strategies. The Water Board must establish minimum standards to protect groundwater recharge areas, and collaborate with local agencies to protect the quality of groundwater throughout their jurisdiction.
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Books on the topic "Tennessee. Water Quality Control Board"

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California. Bureau of State Audits. Water quality control boards: Could improve their administration of water quality improvement projects funded by enforcement actions. Sacramento, Calif: California State Auditor, Bureau of State Audits, 2003.

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California. State Water Resources Control Board. External Program Review. External Program Review report of the State Water Resources Control Board and the Regional Water Quality Control Boards. [Sacramento]: State Water Resources Control Board, 1994.

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California. State Water Resources Control Board. California Environmental Protection Agency: State water resources control board. [Sacramento, Calif.]: The Board, 2003.

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Joseph, Montrella, Landon M. K, Belitz Kenneth, California. State Water Resources Control Board, Ground Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program (Calif.), and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Santa Clara River Valley, 2007: California GAMA Priority Basin Project ; in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2011.

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Economy, Commission on California State Government Organization and. Clearer structure, cleaner water: Improving performance and outcomes at the State Water Boards. Sacramento, Calif: Little Hoover Commission, 2009.

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Virginia. State Water Control Board. Status report of the State Water Control Board and Department of Conservation and Historic Resources on the development of a nutrient management strategy (as requested by SJR 165, 1987) to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 1989.

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California. Legislature. Senate. Select Committee on State Procurement and Expenditure Practices. Public hearing before the Senate Select Committee on State Procurement and Expenditures [i.e. Expenditure] Practices: In the matter of possible conflict of interest on the part of state officers in the approval of the Keller Canyon Landfill and other disposal sites in the Bay area. Sacramento, CA (1100 J St., Room B-15, Sacramento 95814): Senate Publications, 1992.

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Tennessee. Division of State Audit., ed. Performance audit. [Nashville, Tenn.] (State Capitol, Nashville 37243-0260): State of Tennessee, Comptroller of the Treasury, Dept. of Audit, Division of State Audit, 1991.

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Workgroup, Suisun Ecological, California. State Water Resources Control Board., and Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary., eds. Suisun Ecological Workgroup final report to the State Water Resources Control Board. Sacramento, CA: State of California, Dept. of Water Resources, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Estimated benefits and costs of the Navajo Generating Station's emissions limit : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tennessee. Water Quality Control Board"

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Dutta Roy, Abira, Munni Debnath Parial, and Kasturi Mukherjee. "Synergy Between Air Quality, Various Urban Forms, and Land Surface Temperature." In Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment, 576–609. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0369-0.ch024.

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This chapter studies spatio temporal trends of air quality, its relation with urban forms, and Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, the world's 55th most polluted city according to the World Health Organization. Air quality data were procured from 34 monitoring stations operated by West Bengal Pollution Control Board for 2005-18. Trend analysis showed declining NO2, SO2 values but a rise in PM10 concentration. Interpolation analysis showed high concentration of pollutants along the Hugli industrial belt, Dhulagarh, and Kolkata Municipal Corporation Area. Urban forms such as built-up density, distances from water bodies, parks, and bus stops demonstrated their reasonable influence on air pollution condition. LST generated from Landsat Thermal Infrared bands showed increase in temperature conditions from 2005-2018. Positive Correlation was identified between Land surface temperature and air pollution. Their relationship was assessed to have become stronger over the decades.
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Barbu, Marius C., Jörg Hasener, and Gregor Bernardy. "Modern Testing of Wood-Based Panels, Process Control, and Modeling." In Research Developments in Wood Engineering and Technology, 90–130. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4554-7.ch003.

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The fast development of the wood-based panels industry during the last decades resulted in a substantially increased production capacity of manufacturing lines. The utilization of advanced manufacturing systems created a large output of different panel types with a production of more than 1,000 m3 per day on at least 300 days within a year. Therefore, it is important to take into account the new requirements for an on-line control of the manufacturing process. Only on-line Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technologies are able to survey, detect, and forecast the quality of the raw materials, level of production parameters, and development of the panel properties. Main parameters like moisture content, resination level, mat area weight, thickness, and density profile influence the final properties of the panels. For over a decade there has been no other choice to control these and other process parameters than NDT methods using microwave (water content), IR (moisture and color), X-ray (mat and board area weight and density profile), ultrasound (blisters or density variation), etc. The determination of the effective resin content on the wood particle or the density, temperature, and moisture development during the hot pressing are further requirements for the future production units. The on-line measurement of free formaldehyde remaining after resin curing and other volatile substances from wood and resin seems to be a further subject of major interest. The intelligent implementation and integration, use, and understanding of on-line NDT methods in wood panel manufacturing is a big challenge that includes a better understanding of the overall process and its limits, an updated state of the art of knowledge, as well as an open and continuous dialog between the equipment producers, board manufactures, and users that could be another important key for the development of an environmentally friendly modern wood-based panel industry in the world.
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"of control. The state of Queensland has generous expertise in this area, with the CSIRO Division of Entomology – Lands Department group in Brisbane boasting spectacular success against Salvinia and Eichhornia, and near the reservoir at James Cook University a USDA unit was involved in successes with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (see Chapter 12) using a range of stem-boring and leaf-mining insects (Balciunas et al. 1993). One might consider the herbivorous grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, originally from China, more as a harvester than a biological control agent. This fish grazes on submerged weeds such as Hydrilla, Myriophyllum, Chara, Potamogeton and Ceratophyllum, and at stocking rates of 75 fish/ha control is rapidly achieved. Some introductions in the USA have resulted in removal of all vegetation (Leslie et al. 1987), and in the Australian context the use of sterile (triploid) fish (Cassani and Canton 1985) could be the only consideration. However, in view of the damage already done by grass carp to some inland waterways in Australia, it is suspected that this option would be greeted with horror. Mechanical control involves the physical removal of weeds from a problem area and is useful in situations where the use of herbicides is not practical or poses risks to human health or the environment. Mobile harvesters sever, lift and carry plants to the shore. Most are intended for harvesting submerged plants, though some have been designed or adapted to harvest floating plants. Handling the harvested weed is a problem because of their enormous water content, therefore choppers are often incorporated into harvesting machinery design. However, many mechanical harvesters have a small capacity and the process of disposing of harvested plant material is time-consuming. Any material that remains may affect water quality during the decay process by depleting the water of oxygen. Furthermore, nutrients released by decay may cause algal blooms (Mitchell 1978). Another disadvantage of mechanical removal is that disturbance often promotes rapid new growth and germination of seed, and encourages the spread of weed by fragmentation. Some direct uses of macrophytes include the following: livestock food; protein extraction; manufacture of yeast; production of alcohol and other by-products; the formation of composts, mulches and fertilizers; and use for methane generation (Williams 1977). Herbicides either kill on contact, or after translocation through the plant. Some are residual and retain their toxicity for a period of time. Where herbicides are used for control of plants, some contamination of the water is inevitable (Bill 1977). The degree of contamination depends on the toxicity of the material, its fate and persistence in the water, the concentration used and the main purpose served by the water. After chemical defoliation of aquatic vegetation, the masses of decaying organic debris produced can interfere with fish production. Several factors must be taken into account when selecting and adapting herbicides for aquatic purposes, including: type of water use; toxicity of the herbicide to humans, fish, stock, and wildlife; rate of disappearance of residues, species affected and duration of control; concentration of herbicide; and cost (Bill 1977). The TVA has successfully used EPA-approved herbicides such as Endothall, Diquat, Fluridone and Komeen against Hydrilla (Burns et al. 1992), and a list of approved." In Water Resources, 153–54. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tennessee. Water Quality Control Board"

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Kokina, Kristina, Linda Mezule, and Anatolijs Borodinecs. "Board game for the engineering students to promote interest in city infrastructure courses." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13027.

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Learning is a complex process that includes self-motivation, self-control and self-discipline. The efficiency of learning depends on the motivation of students and overall atmosphere in the classroom. At the same time, promotion of interest to communicate out of the classroom is of the same importance. Furthermore, if students find an interest in a specific professional field during the out-of-classroom activities, the study process in engineering sciences becomes easier and more enjoyable.To promote the interest in engineering studies at Riga Technical University study programme Heat, Gas and Water Technology, workshops at the infrastructure units of the related industry representatives, summer workshops in the sports, seminar and recreation centre, as well as basketball and table tennis competition between teachers and students are organized on a regular basis. Through the thematic games, teachers find the motivation to upgrade the quality of the study process and students gain more information on the topic and ability to achieve higher results. The proposed board game for the out-of-classroom activities is a successful method to facilitate the communication between lecturers and students in practice. At the same time, the game contains control questions that allow to stimulate and promote the knowledge level of the students.
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Salvucci, Lucio A., Timothy C. Donnelly, and Michael A. White. "Fuel Oil In-Line Sampling Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68940.

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The U.S. Navy is pursuing endeavors in support of propulsion gas turbines in terms of in-line fuel oil quality. Using a prototype laser technology, developed under the sponsorship of the Small Business Innovative Research Program that monitors the concentration of sediment and free water in JP-5 in real-time, the U.S. Navy is proceeding to expand it’s capabilities to monitor sediment and free water in Naval Distillate, NATO Code F-76, under flow conditions. The maximum fuel quality limitations for the U.S. Navy propulsion gas turbines are 40 parts per million (PPM) free water and 2.64 milligrams per liter (mg/liter) sediment contamination. The current prototype unit, being tested in aviation fuel (JP-5) systems, is capable of monitoring fuel quality within these systems where the maximum fuel quality limitations are 5 PPM free water and 2.0 mg/liter per liter sediment contamination. Current naval shipboard policy for gas turbine propelled hulls requires fuel quality testing at the discharge of the fuel oil service system filter separator discharge, which is the last sampling point prior to admittance into the gas turbine module. Incorporating this technology in unison with monitoring capabilities will eliminate the subjective and laborious laboratory sample testing presently conducted, reducing workload and provide Ship’s Force with real-time quality assurance data. Future enhancement of this technology is being initiated to develop the capability to analyze other potential fuel properties, such as specific gravity, in addition to sediment contaminant size distribution measurement. This will provide Ship’s Force with real-time data that can be used to detect off-specification fuel properties or on-board filtration equipment problems sooner than present. This can aid in more effective shipboard fuel quality control and prove essential in the selection of filtration systems aboard U.S. Naval vessels.
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Esakkimuthu, T., Marykutty Abraham, and S. Akila. "Application of Artificial Neural Network to Predict TDS Concentrations of the River Thamirabarani, India." In Intelligent Computing and Technologies Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.115.6.

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River water quality modeling is of prime importance in predicting the health of the rivers and in turn warns the human society about the future possibility of water problem in that area. Total dissolved solids is a prominent parameter used to access the quality of the river water. In our current study, artificial neural networking models have been developed to predict the concentrations of total dissolved solids of the river Thamirabarani in India. Neural Network toolbox of the MATLAB 2017 application was used to create and train the models. Monthly data from year 2016 to 2019 at four different sites near Thamirabarani river were procured from Tamilnadu pollution control board. Many artificial neural network architectures were built and the best performing architecture was selected for this study. With several parameters such as pH, chloride, turbidity, hardness, dissolved oxygen as input and the total dissolved solids as output parameter, the model was trained for many iterations and a final architecture was arrived which predicts the futuristic TDS concentrations of Thamirabarani in a more accurate manner. The predicted and the expected values were very close to each other. The root mean square error (RMSE) values for the selected stations such as Papanasam, Cheranmahadevi, Tirunelveli and Punnaikayal were 0.565, 0.591, 0.648 and 0.67 respectively.
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Hughes, K. D. "The Role of Ozone in Marine Environmental Protection." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-oc1.

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Ozone has an important but as yet largely unfulfilled role to play in reducing damage to marine ecosystems, as well as, improving the onboard environment and living conditions for all shipboard personnel. Ozone can provide pure and safe potable water that is critical to vessel safety as pure water has an immediate impact on the health and morale of both crew and passengers. Ozone can also be the central player to eliminate chlorine in the disinfection of sewage in a new type of MSD that recycles the water for reuse in toilets. Controlling the spread of non-indigenous, invasive species transported in ballast water is another beneficial and valuable application of ozone The in situ purification of potable water in the holding tanks is in use 24/7 aboard four US Navy-owned ships, Research Vessels Knorr, Atlantis, Roger Revelle, and Melville and one NSF-owned ship, R/V Oceanus. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was the first to opt for an ozone-based Water Quality Assurance system to treat water stored in the ship’s fresh water holding tanks in 1996andwith immediate success of the first installation the rest followed soon thereafter. The most recent installations of the Chem-Free WQA (Water Quality Assurance) system aboard new US Navy vessels are AGOR 27, R/V Neil Armstrong, commissioned in April 2014, and AGOR28 R/V Sally Ride. Ozone is also being used on board yachts from 31 ft. to over 300 ft., both power and sail, for indoor air quality and odor control, as well as odor control in the headspace of black and gray water holding tanks and simultaneous treatment of potable water. The marine environment, be it fresh, brackish, or salt, is exceptionally delicate. Environmental changes wrought by the activities of human activities worldwide are happening far too rapidly for marine species to evolve strategies that are necessary to successfully deal with them. Maintaining the health and viability of the marine ecosystem is absolutely essential to protect all aquatic life forms, as well as, humanity itself and preserve them for posterity. This paper will details several uniquely different applications in which ozone can best be used to the benefit of the marine environment on both outside and inside a vessel’s hull.
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Pischinger, S., and M. Umierski. "Impact of Fuel Preparation System on Combustion Process and Exhaust Emissions." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0574.

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In the past decade, the quality of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) has not improved or even declined in general. The progress in refinery techniques allowed to use a higher percentage of the crude oil for light fuels and other components. Therefore, the concentration of heavy components and agglomerates in the residual fuel increased. On the other hand, a better exhaust quality without compromising the superior fuel consumption of HFO-fuelled engines can only be gained by improved fuel injection. High injection pressures, rate shaping and electronic control of injection timing as well as new injection techniques like Common-Rail will be common features of engines for the next decades. Unfortunately, electronic controlled unit pumps and moreover, Common Rail systems are very sensitive to fuel quality, especially the content of water, sediments, agglomerates and other sludge. If ran on fuel processed by today’s fuel preparation system, wear would be excessive or damages will take place. On the other hand, if conventional on-board purification is intensified, the percentage of fuel deposit will rise and lower the over-all efficiency. To observe effects of fuel composition, a single cylinder research engine (250 mm bore/320 mm stroke) is fuelled by HFO in typical operation modes including different speeds and loads. Diesel fuel was also used to compare the results with another fuel of e.g. different sulphur content to separate effects on particulate matter. The high, typical sulphur content of the used HFO of about 3% increases the particulate matter; approx. 30% are sulphur products. The Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF, unburned fuel and oil) of PM is significantly higher compared to diesel fuel (50...70% to 10%). This impacts the particulate size distribution as well: although the main fraction of particulates consist of a size from 100...400nm for diesel and HFO, the number of small particulates (approx. 50 nm) is different, depending on the Sulphur content as this size consists of small condensates; therefore, the number may also be impacted by ambient air humidity. By use of different components for fuel preparation, the size, distribution and content of agglomerates can be impacted, but re-agglomeration occurs fast within minutes and must be taken into account. The differences in agglomerates does not result in a different total exhaust particulate mass. The slight effects found within the test are not significant and are in addition to that affected by ambient conditions. The fuel preparation, especially the use of homogenization equipment, needs more development efforts. For example, a mechanical homogenization apparatus can crack agglomerates and improve fuel homogeneity, but may fail to bring the size of agglomerates to a dimension that the filter is relieved.
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