Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tense Marker

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Tense Marker'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tense Marker"

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Fortuin, Egbert. "Universality and language-dependency of tense and aspect: Performatives from a crosslinguistic perspective." Linguistic Typology 23, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0018.

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AbstractThis paper presents a cross-linguistic typology of performatives, especially with respect to their relationship with tense and aspect, in the languages of the world. I explore the relationship between performatives and particular tenses and aspects, and touch on the mechanisms underlying such a relationship. The paper finds that there is not one relation between performatives and a particular tense and aspect and there are no languages which have a special (dedicated) performative tense or aspect marker. Instead, performatives are compatible with various tense and aspect markers, even though the use of a present tense seems to be the most common. What counts as the most optimal tense and aspect for performatives depends on the division of labor within the linguistic structure.
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Bell, Daniel. "Tense and mood marking in Xining Mandarin." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 4, no. 1 (August 18, 2017): 62–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.4.1.03bel.

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Abstract This study presents a corpus-based analysis of the sentential particle lia 俩 in Xining Mandarin (Qinghai province, northwest China), which functions both as a future tense marker and as an atemporal marker of affirmative mood. Applying the notion of “aspectually sensitive tenses” (de Swart, 1998), the distribution of lia is explained in terms of the selectional restrictions that lia places upon the aspectual class of its complement. In particular, it is argued that lia functions as a future tense marker with dynamic situations, but as a marker of affirmative mood with stative situations.
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Bertinetto, Pier Marco. "On nominal tense." Linguistic Typology 24, no. 2 (August 27, 2020): 311–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-2033.

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AbstractNordlinger & Sadler’s (2004. Nominal tense in crosslinguistic perspective. Language 80. 776–806) seminal work fostered an intense debate on the semantics of nominal tense systems, with the side effect of widening the typological coverage of this grammatical feature. This paper aims at contributing to the ongoing debate. In contrast with work by Tonhauser, who excluded ‘tense’ as a semantic component of the Paraguayan Guaraní nominal tense system, the paper claims that all TAM dimensions are involved – temporality, aspect, modality – with different proportions in the individual markers. Most importantly, it claims that nominal tense does not presuppose a semantics of its own, other than the one needed for verbal tenses. Moreover, the paper presents evidence that the semantic component of aspect, besides being necessarily activated in any nominal tense marker, is also directly conveyed by some of them, which can legitimately be called ‘nominal aspect’ markers. This integrates Nordlinger & Sadler’s (2004) survey, in which aspect was notably absent. In addition, the paper points out possible cases of nominal actionality (a.k.a. Aktionsart). Finally, the paper suggests that the pervasive presence of aspect (and also, but rarely, actionality) among nominal tense markers finds interesting parallels in some types of deverbal nominalizations, although these belong in another grammatical drawer.
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Conti-Ramsden, Gina. "Processing and Linguistic Markers in Young Children With Specific Language Impairment (SLI)." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 5 (October 2003): 1029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/082).

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Thirty-two 5-year-old children with specific language impairment (SLI) and 32 chronological age (CA) controls completed 4 tasks that were considered potential positive markers for SLI. Children's performance on 2 linguistic tasks (past tense and noun plurals task) and 2 processing tasks (nonword repetition and digit recall) were examined. This approach allowed the examination of more than 1 type of marker simultaneously, facilitating both comparisons between markers and also the evaluation of combinations of markers in relation to identifying SLI. Children with SLI performed significantly worse than CA controls in all 4 marker tasks. Specificity/sensitivity analysis of the 4 marker tasks revealed nonword repetition and the past tense task to have the best overall accuracy at the 25th and 16th percentile. Finally, stepwise discriminant analysis revealed nonword repetition and past tense marking to be the best markers for identifying young children with SLI.
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Mamontov, Alexander S., and Alexandra G. Stolyarova. "Functional and Semantic Attribution of the Future Tense Grammatical Markers in The Korean Language." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-4-611-624.

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The article discusses functional and semantic status of Future Tense grammatical markers of the Korean language. Despite the fact that discussions on this issue have been going on for more than a dozen years, still among researchers, there is no consensus on how many grammemes make up the category of Tense in Korean, whether it contains an independent Future Tense grammeme, and if so, which markers should be relevant to it. Due to the relevance of the problem, the authors aim to give a brief overview of the opinions on the issue, dividing them into two groups - asserting the presence of the Future Tense grammeme in Korean or denying it, as well as to justify personal position on the status of grammatical markers with prospective semantics. As research material, various Korean grammar researches and Korean grammar (connective and finite endings and constructions with - (으)ㄹ Korean Future Tense participle marker) are used. The result of the study shows that Korean Tense category has no specific Future Tense forms as opposed to the Present and Past Tense forms. All markers with prospective semantics are modal, which means that the Futurum category in Korean implements itself in the functional and semantic field of modality rather than temporality. Authors argue statement that -(으)ㄹ 것이다 Korean construction has the ability to act as neutral non-modal Future Tense marker. According to the point of view of a systemically oriented approach to the grammatical units analysis, presented in the article, the conclusion about Korean -(으)ㄹ 것이다s modal status is made.
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Rini, Elizabeth Ika Hesti Aprilia Nindia. "PERBANDINGAN PENGUNGKAPAN KALA DALAM BAHASA JEPANG DAN BAHASA INDONESIA." KIRYOKU 2, no. 3 (December 3, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v2i3.25-33.

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(Contrastive study between tenses in Japanese and Indonesian Languages) Expressing time in sentences is universal in any language, although it's marked differently in each language. This research objective is to know the differences in tenses marker between Japanese and Indonesian languages. The method used is the descriptive method. As a result of the research findings, it was found that in the Japanese language tenses are marked by morphemic forms were characterized by bound morphemes, whereas Indonesian tenses are marked as lexical by the adverb. Attendance adjunct in Japanese is optional, in Indonesian adjunct explain the position, activity, state of theft with the time of speech.Keywords: tense, bentuk -ru, bentuk -ta, adverbia kala
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Paradis, Johanne, and Martha Crago. "Tense and Temporality." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 4 (August 2000): 834–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4304.834.

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This study compares the morphosyntax of children with SLI to the morphosyntax of children acquiring a second language (L2) to determine whether the optional infinitive phenomenon (M. Rice, K. Wexler, & P. Cleave, 1995; K. Wexler, 1994) is evident in both learner groups and to what extent cross-learner similarities exist. We analyzed spontaneous production data from French-speaking children with SLI, English-speaking L2 learners of French, and French-speaking controls, all approximately 7 years old. We examined the children's use of tense morphology, temporal adverbials, agreement morphology, and distributional contingencies associated with finiteness. Our findings indicate that the use of morphosyntax by children with SLI and by L2 children has significant similarities, although certain specific differences exist. Both the children with SLI and the L2 children demonstrate optional infinitive effects in their language use. These results have theoretical and clinical relevance. First, they suggest that the characterization of the optional infinitive phenomenon in normal development as a consequence of very early neurological change may be too restrictive. Our data appear to indicate that the mechanism underlying the optional infinitive phenomenon extends to normal (second) language learning after the primary acquisition years. Second, they indicate that tense-marking difficulty may not be an adequate clinical marker of SLI when comparing children with impairment to both monolingual and bilingual peers. A more specific clinical marker would be more effective in diagnosing disordered populations in a multilingual context.
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OWEN, AMANDA J. "Proficiency with tense and aspect concordance: children with SLI and their typically developing peers." Journal of Child Language 38, no. 3 (November 5, 2010): 675–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000910000279.

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AbstractChildren with SLI have difficulty with tense and agreement morphology. This study examined the proficiency of these children and their typically developing peers with the coordination of tense and aspect markers in two-clause sentences. Scenarios designed to elicit past tense were presented to five- to eight-year-old children with SLI (n=14) and their normally developing age- and MLU-matched peers (n=24) to examine the omission of tense markers in complex sentences (Owen, 2010). Responses with overt tense/aspect morphology in both clauses were recoded for how similar the use of tense and aspect was across the two clauses. Tense and aspect concordance was high across both sentence types, but aspect-only mismatches were more common than tense mismatches. The three groups of children did not differ from each other on any comparisons. Coordination of temporal information in sentences with more than one time marker does not appear to be especially difficult for these children.
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Zhang, Zhiyi, and Li Shikun. "Chinese does have independent tense elements." Chinese Semiotic Studies 17, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2021-0002.

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Abstract Previous research on Chinese tense indicates that Chinese has either null tense or no tense. However, the present study suggests that the conclusions of previous studies regarding Chinese tense are either against the syntactic truth or illogical. The present study provides new evidence to support that Chinese has two independent tense elements, zai and guo, which clearly indicate present and past tense, contrary to the traditional assumption that they are aspectual markers. From the perspective of grammaticalization, both zai and guo witnessed grammaticalization from the spatial concept to the temporal concept. The semantic evidence shows that zai and guo are semantically different from the aspectual markers zhe and le and convey the meaning of time location. The fact that both zai and guo are allowed in negation but not permitted in non-finite structure provides syntactic evidence that they are tense markers. However, the present study also suggests there can be two different zai and guo; zai and guo used separately and independently and zai and guo used with zhe and le. In the latter case, zai is a time adverbial and guo is an aspectual marker. The existence of independent tense markers in Chinese also shows that Chinese may have at least four different mechanisms to anchor tense.
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Werfel, Krystal L., Alison Eisel Hendricks, and C. Melanie Schuele. "The Potential of Past Tense Marking in Oral Reading as a Clinical Marker of Specific Language Impairment in School-Age Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 12 (December 20, 2017): 3561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0115.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was twofold. The first aim was to explore differences in profiles of past tense marking in oral reading of school-age children with specific language impairment (SLI). The second aim was to explore the potential of past tense marking in oral reading as a clinical marker of SLI in school-age children.MethodThis study examined oral readings of connected text to describe the frequency and type of reading errors on regular and irregular past tense verbs for 21 children with SLI as compared to 30 children with typical language in Grades 2 and 3. Each past tense verb token was categorized into 1 of 6 mutually exclusive response types: (a) correctly marked past tense, (b) overmarked past tense, (c) bare stem, (d) other verb inflection, (e) nonverb, or (f) no response. Performance across groups was compared. Additionally, classification statistics were calculated at several cutoffs for regular past tense accuracy and regular past tense finiteness marking.ResultsFor regular past tense, there was a significant group difference on accuracy. Children with SLI were less accurate at marking past tense when in oral reading than typical language peers; other response types did not differ. For irregular past tense, there were no group differences. In addition, there was a significant group difference on finiteness marking; this difference was driven by regular but not irregular verbs. A cutoff of 90% for regular past tense accuracy yielded moderate sensitivity and specificity; no cutoff for regular past tense finiteness marking yielded sensitivity above 70%.ConclusionsRegular past tense accuracy in oral reading provides promise as a clinical marker for diagnosing SLI in school-age children.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tense Marker"

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Wald, Benji. "The 0 tense marker in the decline of the Swahili auxiliary focus system." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-96417.

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Wang, Luying. "Second Language Acquisition of Mandarin Aspect Markers by Native Swedish Adults." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175785.

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This experimental study investigates the second language acquisition of the four Mandarin aspect markers -le, -guo, -zhe, and zai- by native Swedish university students enrolled in Chinese language courses in Sweden. The main points of inquiry are acquisition order, the Aspect Hypothesis, the Distributional Bias Hypothesis, and the Prototype Model. The study contains a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study. Both written and spoken data are collected. The tasks in the cross-sectional study include film-retelling, picture-retelling, grammaticality judgment, fill-in-the-blank questions and comprehension. The longitudinal study includes written data produced by seven students in their tri-monthly journal. The study shows that perfective markers are produced before imperfective markers. The results of the experiments are consistent with the Aspect Hypothesis. The Distributional Bias Hypothesis can account for most of the Aspect Hypothesis but there are exceptions that indicate that other factors could also influence the acquisition process, such as L1 transfer. The Prototype Model cannot be conclusively proven. Apart from contributing to second-language acquisition theo-ries on cross-linguistic tense-aspect morphology, this study can provide empirical evidence with significant pedagogical implications for the second-language learning classroom.
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Kalm, Mikael. "Satsekvivalenta infinitivfraser i svenskan : En synkron och diakron undersökning." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305351.

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This thesis investigates control infinitives and ECM-infinitives in the history of Swedish. Both constructions are non-finite, based on infinitives with or without complements, but share some properties and functions with finite subordinate clauses. Control infinitives (to-infinitives) are headed by the infinitive marker att (which in some cases may be omitted) and have invisible PRO-subjects (“controlled” by, i.e. co-referential with, the subject or object of the matrix), whereas ECM-infinitives are headed by overt subjects, distinguished by their “exceptional case marking” (ECM) from the matrix verb, and never contain the infinitive marker. According to the proposed analyses, conducted within the theoretical framework of generative grammar, control infinitives are CPs, taking the infinitive marker as a non-finite complementizer in C, but lack the TP of the I-domain, whereas ECM-infinitives have no C-layer but, nevertheless, a (sort of) TP. The historical investigation shows that control infinitives have developed more clause like properties over time. In Old Swedish (1220–1526), they only rarely contained e.g. negations or auxiliaries. It is not until the seventeenth century that these elements have come into use in the same way as in modern Swedish. This is accounted for by assuming that the control infinitive in Old Swedish was a recent innovation that did not initially make any use at all of the I-domain. The ECM-infinitives, on the other hand, are taken to have the same structure and function in Old Swedish as in Modern Swedish, as their use and properties have not changed significantly. In addition, the status of the infinitive marker has changed through the history of Swedish. Etymologically a preposition, it is here analysed as a verb phrase element in Early Old Swedish, not as a (non-finite) complementizer as in Modern Swedish. In early Modern Swedish (1526–1732), the preposition till is used in much the same function as att giving rise to two new infinitive markers: till att and till. This development of new infinitive markers is also accounted for in the thesis.
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Vander, Klok Jozina. "Tense, aspect, and modal markers in Paciran Javanese." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114342.

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This dissertation examines a number of syntactic and semantic aspects of the full set of TAM (tense-aspect-modal) markers in the dialect of Paciran Javanese (Western Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), spoken in East Java, Indonesia.First, I identify the inventory of TAM markers in Paciran Javanese and determine their grammatical category. Specifically, I show that there is a set of adverbs (koyoke, ketoke, jekene 'direct.evidential', watake, bonake 'indirect.evidential', mesthine 'EPIST.should', kudune 'ought', paleng 'maybe', mesthi 'EPIST.must') as well as a set of auxiliaries (kudu 'DEONT.must', lagek 'PROG', ape 'FUT', wes 'PERF', tau 'EXP.PERF', oleh 'allow', iso 'can'). Furthermore, I establish that TAM markers individually observe a strict relative order in Paciran Javanese beyond the observation that TAM adverbs > TAM auxiliaries, maintaining the proposal for a universal hierarchy of TAM projections as in Cinque (1999). Investigating the order in Paciran Javanese provides insight in particular into the syntactic position of root modal projections, left open in Cinque (1999): the necessity root modal projection must be separated from the possibility projection by a low aspectual projection. Second, I focus on the syntax of the set of TAM auxiliaries in Paciran Javanese. I show that three different constructions of (i) VP-topicalization, (ii) subject-auxiliary answers to yes-no questions, and (ii) auxiliary fronting in yes-no questions all partition the set of TAM auxiliaries into the same two groups. As well, I present the unique properties of each of these syntactic constructions in Paciran Javanese. In my analysis of each construction within the Minimalist framework (Chomsky 1995), I propose that an intermediate complementizer-like projection serving as a phase edge above vP mediates the partition of two sets of TAM auxiliaries in all three constructions despite their different properties. Third, I establish the lexical specification of the modal system in Paciran Javanese based on results from a variety of fieldwork methods such as a modal questionnaire that I designed, storyboards (totemfieldstoryboards.org), elicitation and interviews. I find that many modals such as oleh 'allow', iso 'can', mesthi 'EPIST.must' in Paciran Javanese lexically specify for both the modal force (possibility vs. necessity) and the type of modality (e.g. epistemic, based on the available evidence; deontic, based on a body of rules and regulations; etc.). I show that other modals only lexically specify for the modal force, but not for the type of modality: for instance, kudu can only have necessity force, but allows for all root modal interpretations.
Cette dissertation examine plusieurs aspects syntaxiques et sémantiques d'un groupe de marqueurs de TAM (temps–aspect–modalité) du dialecte javanais de Paciran (Malayo-polynésien occidental, Austronésien), parlé à l'est de Java, Indonésie.Premièrement, j'identifie l'inventaire des mots TAM en javanais du Paciran et je détermine leur catégorie grammaticale. Spécifiquement, je démontre qu'il y a un groupe d'adverbes (koyoke, ketoke, jekene 'DIR.connu', watake, bonake 'INDIR.connu', mesthine 'EPIST.devrait', kudune 'DEONT.devrait', paleng 'peut-être', mesthi 'EPIST.doit') ainsi qu'un groupe d'auxiliaires (kudu 'DEONT.doit', lagek 'PROG', ape 'FUT', wes 'PARF', tau 'EXP.PARF', oleh 'permet', iso 'CIRC.peut'). De plus, j'établie que chacun des marqueurs TAM observe un ordre relatif strict en javanais du Paciran au delà de l'observation que les adverbes > auxiliaires TAM, en conformité avec la proposition de Cinque (1999) pour une hiérarchie universelle des projections fonctionnelles TAM. L'investigation sur l'ordre des mots TAM en javanais du Paciran avance la recherche en particulier sur la position syntaxique des projections modales de racine, que Cinque (1999) n'a pas abordée: la projection de la modalité universelle de racine doit être séparée de la projection de la modalité existentielle de racine par une projection d'aspect. Deuxièmement, je me concentre sur la syntaxe des marqueurs TAM auxiliaires du javanais du Paciran. Je montre que trois constructions différents, (i) la topicalization du syntagme VP, (ii) des réponses sujet–auxiliaire aux questions polaires et (iii) le mouvement de l'auxiliaire des questions polaires, séparent les marqueurs TAM auxiliaires en les mêmes deux groupes. De plus, je présente les propriétés uniques de chaque construction syntaxique ci-dessus du javanais du Paciran. Dans mon analyse formelle de chaque construction dans le programme Minimaliste de Chomsky (1995), je propose qu'une projection 'complémenteur' intermédiaire qui sert de limite de phase agit comme médiateur entre les deux groupes des marqueurs TAM auxiliaires dans les trois constructions malgré leurs propriétés différentes. Troisièmement, en ce qui concerne l'aspect sémantique, j'établis le système de modalité du javanais du Paciran, basé sur une variété de méthodes de travail sur le terrain qui comprennent un sondage sur la modalité que j'ai créé, des storyboards (totemfieldstoryboards.org), des élicitations et des entrevues. Je trouve que plusieurs modaux dont oleh 'permet', iso 'CIRC.peut' et mesthi EPIST.doit' font partie en javanais du Paciran spécifient lexicalement la force de modalité (universelle vs. existentielle) ainsi que le type de modalité (épistémique, qui est compatible avec les données disponibles, déontique, qui est compatible avec un ensemble des règles, etc.). Je montre que d'autres modaux spécifient seulement la force et non le type de modalité : par exemple, kudu peut avoir seulement la force universelle, mais il permet tous les interprétations modales de racine.
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麥雅儀 and Ah-yee Lena Mak. "Cantonese-speaking children's use of the aspect markers 'jo' and 'gan'in three experimental tasks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211768.

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Braga, Gedley Belchior. "A tese na (da) caixa preta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27151/tde-19052009-165641/.

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A Tese na [da] Caixa Preta aborda o princípio de uma entidade exemplificadora de si mesma no dispositivo de arquivamento de uma escritura. Uma coleção de obras de arte contemporâneas brasileiras foi formada com o objetivo de lastrear a mediação e ação culturais tendo como base a realização de exposições e experiências envolvendo o sistema das artes entre seus aspectos formais e informais. Objetivos: Exemplificar a literalidade do papel dos sistemas artísticos formais e informais para obtenção de uma consistência entre a origem simbólica da linguagem e as variações surgidas na repetição [diferência termo de Derrida] conforme a lei do acontecimento [também de acordo com Jacques Derrida] e do poder retrospectivo de um dispositivo arquivante de uma escritura Métodos: Exercício de papéis diferentes e experimentais nesse sistema das artes: entre o pesquisador, colecionador, curador, artista, espectador, leitor e por último, o escritor [aquele que redige a própria experiência como o dispositivo que irá arquivar todos os resultados obtidos durante o processo]. Resultados: A coleção formada foi transformada em lastro conceitual para várias instalações e exposições artísticas. Os resultados da mediação e ação cultural entre os circuitos formal e informal do sistema das artes foram documentados, além da escritura de uma tese, em um DVD com o mesmo título: A Tese na [da] Caixa Preta que mostra [como matéria de prova], em três vídeos, as imagens das experiências citadas.
The thesis in [of] the black box is based on the principle of an entity that exemplifies itself in an archive scriptural system. Several Brazilian Contemporary Art pieces were acquired to form a collection which was used for cultural action and mediation purposes such as exhibitions and experiences involving the Brazilian art system in its formal and informal aspects. Objectives: To exemplify the literality role within the formal and informal art systems in order to have a consistency between the symbolic origin of language and the variations that appear in repetition [differance term used by Derrida] according the event law [in Jacques Derridas philosophy perspective] and the retrospective power of archival device of scripture. Results: The formal art collection was transformed into conceptual ballast for several artistic installations and exhibitions. The results of the cultural actions and mediation within the formal and informal circuits of the Brazilian art system were documented, beyond the thesis writing process [thesis scripture], in a DVD with the same title: The thesis in [of] the black box that shows [as a matter of proof], in three videos, the images of the above mentioned experiences.
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Wachtmeister, Bermúdez Fernando. "Evidencialidad : La codificación lingüística del punto de vista." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-806.

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This work investigates into the semantic domain of evidentiality and its grammatical expression in Spanish. A model for describing the evidentiality domain is outlined, which emphasises the scalar nature of the proposed parameters: information source (subject-internal ↔ external), access to information (exclusive ↔ universal) and mode of access (sensory ↔ cognitive), all of which are construed as bipolar continua. Support is also provided for the relevance of using the notions of deixis and perspective in describing evidentiality.

The prevailing view in current research is that of evidentiality being a grammatical category to be analysed separately from other evidential strategies. The present study challenges this view as it attempts to broaden the perspective on how evidential meanings, expressed by various grammatical means, fit into an overall picture of human cognition and communication patterns. The theoretical framework adopted is that of Cognitive Grammar, which, it is argued, is particularly suited for investigating evidentiality, in particular due to the central role given to perspective, metaphor and category fuzziness in describing grammar and grammatical structures.

Four articles constitute the body of this work, in which four different prototypical aspects of the encoding of evidentiality into grammatical devices in Spanish are addressed. In the first, the marking of common knowledge in consecutive connectives is argued to depend on a perspective shift; the second proposes the evidential values of tense morphemes to be their core meaning, time deixis being an inference; in the third and the forth it is claimed that the evidential and modal effects of both subject-raising and clitic climbing are determined through the attribution of varying degrees of prominence to the relational participants.

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Guilbaud, Fabien. "Contrôle optimal dans des carnets d'ordres limites." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778458.

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On propose un traitement quantitatif de différentes problématiques du trading haute fréquence. On s'intéresse à plusieurs aspects de cette pratique, allant de la minimisation des frais indirects de trading, jusqu'à la tenue de marché, et plus généralement des stratégies de maximisation du profit sur un horizon de temps fini. On établit un cadre de travail original qui permet de refléter les spécificités du trading haute fréquence, notamment la distinction entre le trading passif et le trading actif, à l'aide de méthodes de contrôle stochastique mixte. On porte un soin particulier à la modélisation des phénomènes de marché en haute fréquence, et on propose pour chacun des méthodes de calibration compatibles avec les contraintes pratiques du trading algorithmique.
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Saliba, Pamela. "High-frequency trading : statistical analysis, modelling and regulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX044.

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Cette thèse est constituée de deux parties liées l’une à l’autre. Dans la première, nous étudions empiriquement le comportement des traders haute fréquence sur les marchés financiers européens. Nous utilisons les résultats obtenus afin de construire dans la seconde partie de nouveaux modèles multi-agents. L’objectif principal de ces modèles est de fournir aux régulateurs et plateformes de négociation des outils innovants leur permettant de mettre en place des règles pertinentes pour la microstructure et de quantifier l’impact des divers participants sur la qualité du marché.Dans la première partie, nous effectuons deux études empiriques sur des données uniques fournies par le régulateur français. Nous avons accès à l’ensemble des ordres et transactions des actifs du CAC 40, à l’échelle de la microseconde, avec par ailleurs les identités des acteurs impliqués. Nous commençons par comparer le comportement des traders haute fréquence à celui des autres intervenants, notamment pendant les périodes de stress, en termes de provision de liquidité et d’activité de négociation. Nous approfondissons ensuite notre analyse en nous focalisant sur les ordres consommant la liquidité. Nous étudions leur impact sur le processus de formation des prix et leur contenu informationnel selon les différentes catégories de flux : traders haute fréquence, participants agissant pour compte client et participants agissant pour compte propre.Dans la seconde partie, nous proposons trois modèles multi-agents. À l’aide d’une approche à la Glosten-Milgrom, nous parvenons avec notre premier modèle à construire l’ensemble du carnet d’ordres (spread et volume disponible à chaque prix) à partir des interactions entre trois types d’agents : un agent informé, un agent non informé et des teneurs de marché. Ce modèle nous permet par ailleurs de développer une méthodologie de prédiction du spread en cas de modification du pas de cotation et de quantifier la valeur de la priorité dans la file d’attente. Afin de se concentrer sur une échelle individuelle, nous proposons une deuxième approche où les dynamiques spécifiques des agents sont modélisées par des processus de type Hawkes non linéaires et dépendants de l’état du carnet d’ordres. Dans ce cadre, nous sommes en mesure de calculer en fonction des flux individuels plusieurs indicateurs pertinents relatifs à la microstructure. Il est notamment possible de classer les teneurs de marché selon leur contribution propre à la volatilité. Enfin, nous introduisons un modèle où les fournisseurs de liquidité optimisent leurs meilleurs prix à l’achat et à la vente en fonction du profit qu’ils peuvent générer et du risque d’inventaire auquel ils sont confrontés. Nous mettons alors en évidence théoriquement et empiriquement une nouvelle relation importante entre inventaire et volatilité
This thesis is made of two related parts. In the first one, we study the empirical behaviour of high-frequency traders on European financial markets. We use the obtained results to build in the second part new agent-based models for market dynamics. The main purpose of these models is to provide innovative tools for regulators and exchanges allowing them to design suitable rules at the microstructure level and to assess the impact of the various participants on market quality.In the first part, we conduct two empirical studies on unique data sets provided by the French regulator. It covers the trades and orders of the CAC 40 securities, with microseconds accuracy and labelled by the market participants identities. We begin by investigating the behaviour of high-frequency traders compared to the rest of the market, notably during periods of stress, in terms of liquidity provision and trading activity. We work both at the day-to-day scale and at the intra-day level. We then deepen our analysis by focusing on liquidity consuming orders. We give some evidence concerning their impact on the price formation process and their information content according to the different order flow categories: high-frequency traders, agency participants and proprietary participants.In the second part, we propose three different agent-based models. Using a Glosten-Milgrom type approach, the first model enables us to deduce the whole limit order book (bid-ask spread and volume available at each price) from the interactions between three kinds of agents: an informed trader, a noise trader and several market makers. It also allows us to build a spread forecasting methodology in case of a tick size change and to quantify the queue priority value. To work at the individual agent level, we propose a second approach where market participants specific dynamics are modelled by non-linear and state dependent Hawkes type processes. In this setting, we are able to compute several relevant microstructural indicators in terms of the individual flows. It is notably possible to rank market makers according to their own contribution to volatility. Finally, we introduce a model where market makers optimise their best bid and ask according to the profit they can generate from them and the inventory risk they face. We then establish theoretically and empirically a new important relationship between inventory and volatility
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Bahule, Orlando Albino. "Aspects of verbal morphophonology of Cilenge with special reference to negation and tense markers." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24336.

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Negation and tense markers in the verb structure have been the subject of diverse linguistic descriptions, especially in Bantu languages. In Mozambique, however, many Bantu languages, including Cilenge, have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine tense and negation in Cilenge, with special reference to the strategies used to indicate negation and various tenses, from data collected in the Valenge community in Chidenguele, Manjacaze district, Gaza province. The study has shown that this language has wide categories of the past, while the future may be closer or distant and the present appears as focused, habitual, continuous and progressive. The variation and positioning of tense markers are mainly determined by the characteristics of the verb root. In relation to negation, Cilenge employs three strategies: the negative concord, the post-initial and the post-verbal. In some contexts, negative markers may also signal tense.
African Languages
M.A. (African Languages)
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Books on the topic "Tense Marker"

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Utebaev, Musiraly. Vali︠u︡tnyĭ kurs tenge i ego vozdeĭstvie na perekhodnui︠u︡ ėkonomiku Kazakhstana. Almaty: Redakt︠s︡ionno-izd. otdel i tip. KazgosINTI, 1996.

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Vos, Peter, Michiel Meulen, Henk Weerts, and Bazelmans, eds. Atlas of the Holocene Netherlands. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724432.

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The landscape of the Netherlands has been changing constantly since the end of the last ice age, some 11,700 years ago. Where we walk today was once a polar desert, a river delta or a shallow sea. The end of the last ice age marked the beginning of a new geological period - the Holocene, the relatively warm geological epoch in which we are still living today. The Atlas of the Holocene Netherlands contains special maps, supplemented by archaeological and historical information. These maps show the geographical situation for thirteen different points in time since the last ice age, based on tens of thousands of drill samples and the latest geological, soil and archaeological research. This magnificent atlas also paints a surprising picture of the position we humans have occupied in the landscape. It addresses such questions as: How did we take advantage of the opportunities offered by the landscape? And how did we mould the landscape to suit our own purposes? The Atlas of the Holocene Netherlands will change once and for all the way you look at the Dutch landscape.
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Overall, Simon E. The grammatical representation of commands and prohibitions in Aguaruna. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0003.

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Aguaruna (Chicham) has a clear set of grammatical categories that are required for a verb to form part of an independent clause. These include aspect, tense, person, and mood. The formal marking of commands and prohibitions interacts with the tense and mood paradigms, and some of the imperative markers have clearly grammaticalized from the same source as a future tense marker. This chapter describes the formal markers of commands and prohibitions, their grammatical properties, and their extended functions in interaction. It also points out some formal features that commands and prohibitions share with interrogative and vocative marking, with the suggestion that such ‘addressee-oriented’ forms would be a fruitful area for future study.
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De Clercq, Karen. Syncretisms and the Morphosyntax of Negation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0007.

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This chapter illustrates how syncretisms can be used as a tool to diagnose hidden structure inside what is usually considered an indivisible unit, i.e. a negative marker. Based on semantic, scopal, stacking, and functional properties of negative markers, it is proposed that negative markers can be classified in four groups: scalar quantity markers, classifier markers, focus markers, and tense markers. A study of these four different types of markers in a typological sample shows that meaningful syncretism patterns can be detected. If the markers are ordered in such a way that syncretic markers are contiguous and that no ABA patterns arise, then the derived sequence reflects the natural semantic scope of negation, i.e. from wide to narrow scope or from narrow to wide. This result leads to a decomposition of a negative marker into five syntactico-semantic features, i.e. Neg, Q, Class, Foc, and T.
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Owens, Jonathan. Dialects (speech communities), the apparent past, and grammaticalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701378.003.0008.

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Over a long-term time frame in a language with several discrete dialects, how far does grammaticalization theory elucidate the history of individual morphemes? This issue is addressed using the tense/mode prefix b-, found in Gulf/Najdi, Yemeni, Uzbekistan, Nigerian, and Egyptian/Levantine Arabic. It is argued that while standard grammaticalization theory correctly predicts its assumed origin, from a variant of the verb ‘want’ (yibġa, yiba, yibbi > *b-), it does little to predict its further development. This paper first examines the functions of the prefix *b-. Once integrated as a prefix, *b- takes odd twists and turns, sometimes a tense marker, sometimes a marker of deontic modality, sometimes a generalized modal/indicative marker. Grammaticalization theory says nothing about why *b- should have developed in one way in one dialect and in another way in another. As a step towards answering these questions, the idea of dialects as speech communities is introduced.
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Danckaert, Lieven. The origins of the Romance analytic passive: Evidence from word order. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0014.

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This chapter argues that despite formal resemblances, Latin perfect tense BE-periphrases of the type amatus sum ‘I was loved’ are not the historical source of Romance present tense passives like Italian sono amato and French je suis aimé (both meaning ‘I am (being) loved’). Evidence comes from the observation that Late Latin has a very strong preference for the head-final order ‘past participle–BE’, which goes against the otherwise general tendency for the language to move towards a strictly head-initial TP. As an alternative, I propose that amatus sum perfects disappeared from the language, and that the analytic present tense passives are new formations. The Late Latin preference for head-final BE-periphrases is explained in terms of phonological weakening of the auxiliary. I conclude by comparing this phonological process to the oft-discussed grammaticalization of HAVE (habeo) as a marker of futurity.
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Simon, Julia. Tense, Mood, and Aspect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190666552.003.0004.

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The verbal characteristics of tense, mood, and aspect are used in this chapter to examine the structuring of narratives in the blues. Arguing that the blues articulate an unconventional story arc marked by a timeline that both reaches back retrospectively into the past and gestures toward a future, Simon argues that the temporal structure approximates Jim Crow and migration narratives in its open-endedness. The discussion of tense, mood, and aspect reveals an unstable, resonant, and oscillating system of temporalities and subject positions. Beginning with explorations of Memphis Minnie’s “In My Girlish Days” and Freddie King’s “Someday, After Awhile,” the chapter culminates in a close reading of Freddie King’s guitar solo in “Have You Ever Loved a Woman.” Through musical analysis, musical correlates to tense, mood, and aspect demonstrate the musical narrative’s reliance on structures similar to those that underpin the lyric content.
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Arregui, Ana, María Luisa Rivero, and Andrés Salanova. Aspect and tense in evidentials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.003.0011.

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This chapter investigates the interaction between evidential categories and temporal anchoring in Bulgarian, a South Slavic language, Mébengokre, a Jê language in Central Brazil, and Matses, a Panoan language in the Amazon region in Brazil and Peru. It argues that temporal categories retain their usual interpretation in evidential contexts both in Mébengokre, a language whose evidential system seems independent from tense, and in Bulgarian and Matses, two languages where evidential markers are fused with temporal categories. The conclusion is that there is no need to hypothesize an independent “evidential” system of temporal reference in these languages. A careful analysis of tense and aspect, with particular attention to aspectual interpretations, can account for cases in which temporal relations appear to shift in evidential contexts. The chapter thus argues against the postulation of independent “evidential specific” temporal paradigms.
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TENS-like devices. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199673278.003.0011.

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TENS-like devices deliver electrical currents across the intact surface of the skin using pulse generators with technical output specifications that differ from a standard TENS device. Technological advances have resulted in reductions in the size and cost of electrotherapeutic devices with increasing varieties of self-administered hand-held TENS-like devices available to practitioners and the general public. The diversity of TENS-like devices available on the market makes synthesizing evidence difficult. The purpose of this chapter is to categorize TENS-like devices and briefly overview the characteristics, mechanism of action, and effectiveness of various TENS-like devices. The chapter covers high-voltage pulsed (Galvanic) current, microcurrent electrical therapy, low-intensity transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation, transcutaneous spinal electroanalgesia, transcutaneous piezoelectric current, non-invasive interactive neurostimulation, action potential simulation and H-wave therapy, and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation.
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Holmes, Craig. The Labour Market. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807056.003.0007.

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This chapter deals with wage dispersion, polarization, and job structures. It looks first how the structure of jobs and the wages they receive has changed across the OECD over recent decades, and shows the extent of variation across the OECD countries in that regard. It then considers the relationship between the shifts in the occupational structure this reveals and patterns of wage inequality. The UK, a prime example of a country with a significant loss of ‘middle’ jobs, is then studied in more detail, to tease out in particular the changing relationship between occupations and levels of pay. The relationship between occupational structures and wage mobility or progression over time for individuals is also explored.
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Book chapters on the topic "Tense Marker"

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Spears, Arthur K. "Tense, Mood, and Aspect in the Haitian Creole Preverbal Marker System." In Pidgin and Creole Tense/Mood/Aspect Systems, 119. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.6.05spe.

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Paradis, Johanne. "Tense as a clinical marker in English L2 acquisition with language delay/impairment." In Current Trends in Child Second Language Acquisition, 337–56. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.46.17par.

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Chamarette, Jenny. "Knowing and Nothing: Chris Marker, Subjective Temporalities and Vocalic Bodies in the Future Tense." In Phenomenology and the Future of Film, 68–106. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137283740_3.

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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Past tense and double past tense markers." In Basic Korean, 109–14. Second edition. | [New York] : Routledge, [2020] |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003096597-17.

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Desclés, Jean-Pierre. "A cognitive and conceptual approach to tense and aspect markers." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 27–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.172.02des.

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Siewierska, Anna. "On the Origins of the Order of agreement and Tense Markers." In Historical Linguistics 1995, 377. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.161.24sie.

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Babaev, Kirill. "On the reconstruction of some tense/aspect markers in Proto-Mande." In Journal of Language Relationship, edited by Vladimir Dybo, Kirill Babaev, Anna Dybo, Alexei Kassian, Sergei Kullanda, and Ilya Yakubovich, 1–24. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463234119-006.

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Ouhalla, Jamal. "The development of future participles and future tense markers from motion predicates." In Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XXVI, 9–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sal.2.02ouh.

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Sugaya, Natsue, and Yasuhiro Shirai. "Can L2 learners productively use Japanese tense-aspect markers? A usage-based approach." In Typological Studies in Language, 423. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.83.10sug.

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Milićević, Jasmina. "Clitics or Affixes? On the Morphological Status of the Future-Tense Markers in Serbian." In Morphology and its demarcations, 39–52. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.264.03mil.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tense Marker"

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Rahmah, Leny Saili, and Eri Kurniawan. "Tense and Aspect Markers of Cirebon Javanese." In Twelfth Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200406.022.

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Ağayev, Seymur. "The Validity of Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis for Kazakhstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00594.

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The article examines the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis for Kazakhstan by using the data set belonging to the period January 1995 to December 2012. Both linear and nonlinear unit root tests are used to make an econometrical investigation on stationarity characteristics of real exchange rate series of Kazakhstan’s Tenge that defined according to different foreign countries or country groups. First of two nonlinear unit root tests that applied in this paper models structural change as a smooth transition and the other nonlinear unit root test takes into account both structural change and asymmetric adjustment characteristics of real exchange rates. Linear unit root test findings support the validity of the PPP hypothesis between Kazakhstan and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. In addition to this finding, unit root tests that allow for nonlinear adjustment support evidences on stationarity of Tenge – US dollar real exchange rate, Tenge – Euro real exchange rate and Tenge’s non-CIS related real effective exchange rate series. As a whole, findings of this study provide a strong support on the validity of PPP hypothesis for Kazakhstan. Furthermore, it is also shows that the nonlinear adjustment characteristics of real exchange rate should be taken into account, if foreign countries are represented by free market economies.
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Maddulapalli, Anil Kumar, Parameshwaran S. Iyer, and N. R. Srinivasa Raghavan. "Selecting and Optimizing a Regulation Compliant Robust Vehicle Portfolio Mix: An Approach and a Case Study." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70832.

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Our goal is to select a robust vehicle portfolio mix and optimize its design attributes such that contribution margin is maximized while being regulation compliant under varying fuel prices. Compliance to regulation is measured in terms of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy or CAFE. We formulate this vehicle portfolio optimization problem as a mixed integer non-linear programming problem, both under static and varying fuel price scenarios. We demonstrate our approach using a case study in which an in-house market simulator is employed for incorporating consumer preferences in portfolio decisions. This market simulator uses real-time preferences from tens of thousands of shoppers and captures preference heterogeneity using different Logit coefficients for each shopper and hence is computationally expensive. Also, it does not explicitly model the influence of fuel price in predicting demand. To overcome these issues and to facilitate portfolio optimization we use meta-models of the market simulator. Our results show that while remaining regulation compliant it is also possible to achieve significant improvement in the portfolio’s contribution margin. In some scenarios, the improvements in contribution margin are more than 40% when compared to the traditional approach of using expert judgment to decide the portfolio mix.
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Roy, Samapika, Sukhada, and Anil Kr Singh. "An Analysis of Indian English News Headlines." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.13-1.

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News Headlines (NHs) are of the most creative uses of natural languages in a media text. An NH is the frontline of a news article. Specific characteristics make NHs standout: for instance, article omission, use of active verbs, dropping the copula to save space and to attract the reader’s attention to the most significant words, etc. Some research has been done on linguistic analysis of British English NH, Hindi-Urdu NHs, but hardly any work has been conducted on IndENH. This paper attempts to analyze Indian English newspaper headlines (IndENH), and aims to contribute to the accuracy of News Headline parsing. This study determines the linguistic features of the IndENH, to improve the quality of the parsed output of NHs. This paper covers sentence construction, tense, punctuation marks, metaphors, etc. for linguistic analysis.
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Shooter, Steven B., Shane Cohen, and Callida Williams. "Assessing Commonality and Differentiation for Packaging Family Planning With Application to Medication Labels." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49815.

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Development of product families involves an interplay of common and differentiating features to address market segments. Considerable research has been conducted by the engineering community to support the development of product families from a product characteristic viewpoint. However, differences in consumable products are not often easily identified so they rely more heavily on the packaging to differentiate to market segments. Metrics, indices and representations have been formulated to support considerations of commonality and differentiation of engineered products. This paper describes the potential for similar approaches to benefit the features of packaging, particularly medication packaging. The potential benefit of such approaches reach beyond marketing and sales. There is a considerable opportunity for improving dispensing of medications because packaging confusion has been recognized as a serious problem, where misidentification can be lethal. With tens of thousands of drug varieties and growing, a packaging metric is necessary. This paper presents a proposed metric along with three supporting case studies.
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Dodder, Rebecca, Tyler Felgenhauer, William Yelverton, and Carey King. "Water and Greenhouse Gas Tradeoffs Associated With a Transition to a Low Carbon Transportation System." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63991.

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Transportation fuels are heavily dominated by the use of petroleum, but concerns over oil depletion (e.g., peak oil), energy security, and greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum combustion are driving the search for alternatives. As we look to shift away from petroleum-based transportation fuels, most options consume and withdraw more water during their life cycle. Thus, shifting to alternative fuel and energy supplies for transportation will likely increase water use for the transportation sector. Previous work suggests that water consumption for transportation could reach 10% of total U.S. water consumption when meeting the Federal Renewable Fuels Standard mandate at modest irrigation levels for feedstock crops (corn, cellulosic grasses) in combination with other alternative fuels and vehicle technologies (electric vehicles, natural gas vehicles, etc.), but more refined analysis is needed. It is important to understand when and where these new water demands for transportation are anticipated to occur. This paper presents results from simulations of the U.S. 9-region (EPAUS9r) MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) integrated energy systems model for mapping the changes in water withdrawal and consumption during a transition to a low carbon-emitting U.S. transportation fleet. The advantage of using a bottom-up, multi-sector model like MARKAL is the ability to look at consistent scenarios for the full energy system, and endogenously capture interactions between different sectors (e.g. electric power production, biorefineries, and the LDV fleet). MARKAL can simulate a baseline scenario driven by assumptions for biomass feedstock and fossil resource costs and availability, as well as the costs of converting those resources to liquid fuels and electricity. We investigate alternative scenarios both with and without carbon constraints, while varying the pace of vehicle electrification. We compare these scenarios to assess regional differences in water needs as well as aggregate water demand for transportation energy, and how those trade off against greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Our results indicate that the regional water demands and interregional transfers of embodied water could be significant as the light-duty vehicle fleet moves away from petroleum-based fuels, with exports of embodied water on the order of hundreds of billion gallons of water per year for ethanol coming from the Midwest. Interregional transfers of water embodied in electricity may also reach tens of billion gallons of water per year. However, these water requirements will vary substantially based on the light-duty vehicle mix, carbon policy, electric power generation mix, biofuel production levels, and feedstock characteristics.
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Tseng, Fan-Gang. "From High Performance Protein Micro Chip Toward Ultra High Sensitive Single Molecule Nano Array." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82291.

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Protein microarrays have been employed to screen tens to thousands of proteins simultaneously for the observation of the biochemical activities in the protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid and small molecule interactions. This technology allows high throughput analysis and holds great potential for basic molecular biology research, disease marker identification, toxicological response profiling and pharmaceutical target screening. However, proteins easily malfunction in harsh environments so that they are hardly preserved before the application because of their complex and fragile structures. On the other hand, identify scarce amount of proteins less than fM range is very important and challenge for disease diagnosis at very early stage. As a result, the procedures for protein micro array formation are very important for preserving protein functionality to ensure useful protein assays, as well as the improvement of the detection sensitivity up to single molecule event but with high dynamic range for disease early detection. Therefore, this paper provides a novel view from the preparation of high efficient protein micro chip toward ultra high sensitive single protein nano array through the technology integration of BioMEMS and Bio-Nanotechnology.
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Ubertini, Stefano, and Umberto Desideri. "Energy Production and Performance of a Large Photovoltaic Roof." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40100.

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The market for photovoltaic is rapidly expanding and there are some large utility PV power plants, thousands of residential systems, and tens of thousands of remote power systems in use. Even if photovoltaic is a technology that has already demonstrated its effectiveness and holds great promise in electrical generation, the costs are still too high to guarantee a commercial competitivity. This paper presents the performance results of a 15 kWp photovoltaic power plant installed on the roof of a high school in central Italy. The system consists of 220 modules for a total of 22 arrays, which are connected to inverters to allow conventional appliances to be powered by photovoltaic electricity. The PV plant is remotely controlled and data on sun radiation, ambient temperature, modules temperature and power production are continuously acquired by a PC. The measured power plant performances during the year are presented in this paper.
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Lahiff, Christina-Anne, Millicent Schlafly, and Kyle Reed. "Effects on Balance When Interfering With Proprioception at the Knee." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71573.

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After experiencing a stroke, 80% of individuals face hemiparesis causing muscle weaknesses, paralysis, and lack of proprioception. This often induces difficulty to perform everyday functions such as balancing. The goal of this project is to determine if stroke-like balance can be induced in healthy individuals. The Proprioceptive Interference Apparatus (PIA) applies vibrations and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) about the knee joint in different combinations both with and without visual feedback. Ten subjects stood on one foot for periods of two minutes for each of the eight trial conditions. The root mean squared (RMS) of the position coordinates, the standard deviation of the forces, and the RMS of center of pressure coordinates were analyzed for each trial and subject. Analysis of the variation of position markers and forces showed a statistically significant difference between balance with visual feedback versus without. However, the use of PIA did not have any statistically significant difference on these measures.
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Bandyopadhyay, Arkasama, Joshua D. Rhodes, Julia P. Conger, and Michael E. Webber. "How Solar and Storage Can Reduce Coincident Peak Loads and Payments: A Case Study in Austin, TX." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86482.

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This study builds a generalized tool to forecast the change of 4 coincident peak (4CP) loads and payments based on varying amounts of solar, storage capacity, and population estimates over a 10-year period for utilities within the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). It also incorporates an optimization model for the energy storage systems (ESSs) that maximizes the sum of the revenue earned from their operation as well as the net 4CP payments received by the utility by attempting to arbitrage the ERCOT energy market. The tool is illustrated by using empirical data from the municipally-owned utility in Austin, TX (Austin Energy). 4CP payments can be on the order of tens of millions of dollars. Results indicate that solar and storage capacity can substantially lower these payments. For example, a 20 MW increase in solar capacity in 2018 would reduce Austin Energy’s payment by an estimated $200,000 for each subsequent year. By using the novel approach of incorporating coincident peak demand charge reductions at the DSP level, this study highlights the economic value of local generation and storage.
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