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1
Hall, Linda. "The -be relative tenses of Zulu." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11032008-083302/.
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Hård, Arthur. "The Past Tenses of Early Middle Japanese." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Japanska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29462.
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Early Middle Japanese is one of the oldest attested stages of Japanese. Its rich legacy consists of several literary works from the Heian era (7 th to 11 th centuries), some of which are still appreciated and widely read today. Despite a long tradition of research both within and outside Japan, quite a few details of the language remain incompletely understood. The present study addresses a long-standing question in the verbal domain of Early Middle Japanese, namely the semantics of the two so-called “past tenses” in -ki and -ker-. I tested the major hypotheses regarding their use by means of qualitative, corpus-based methods. Specifically, I trained a machine learning algorithm to predict which is likeliest of -ki and -ker- given a set of grammatical and semantic variables. Analysis of the results indicates that the suffixes likely embody a contrast between witnessed and non-witnessed past tense. It is also possible that mirativity—the grammaticalized expression of surprise at learning something unexpected—and aspect influence the choice of past tense suffix.
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Prisco, Theresa Rachel. "Aspectual tenses in native Spanish-speaking adults." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/578.
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Fourteen native Spanish-speaking adults participated in a study on tense and aspect in Spanish. Subjects viewed videos that depicted completed events or videos that ended with an ongoing event and chose a sentence in the past tense that best described the event. One condition included adverbial cues and the other condition did not. Subjects also read paragraphs describing bounded and unbounded events and chose a past tense verb that best fit the context. It was found that subjects consistently chose preterit responses for completed event videos in both the adverb and non-adverb condition, but responses varied more in the videos that ended with ongoing events. The majority of subjects selected preterit verbs for bounded events and imperfect verbs for unbounded events. Implications and further directions of research are discussed.
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Moore, Jana Eleanor. "Determinants of the Acquisition of English Verb Tenses." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/359261.
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Applied LinguisticsPh.D.
This study investigated the acquisition of English tense and aspect through the manipulation of collostructional strength, instructional saliency, and frequency of use in group activities. Past research has focused on some of the factors in this study and their influence on acquisition, such as explicit instruction, but no research to date has attempted to compare the different factors to each other and attempt to create a working model of processing depth with these factors. Additionally, little research exists on the influence proficiency level and personal meaningfulness has on acquisition and in relation to these other determinants, or the role of lexical aspect in verb use and acquisition. The participants in this study were all females from a university in Japan. They were separated into different groups based upon their proficiency level, and each group was given a different treatment of group activities that focused on learning the simple past tense, present perfect, and past progressive over the course of a two week session. Pretests, immediate and delayed posttests were conducted to attempt to measure acquisition. MANCOVAs, Factorial MANCOVAs, and a Chi-Square test were all run to determine the outcome of the treatments. The results of the study suggest a loose continuum in terms of processing depth with explicit instruction as the most effective factor followed by frequency of use, and collostructional strength having minimal and conditional, effectiveness. The results also suggest the powerfulness of proficiency level as a determiner of whether acquisition will occur, with personal meaningfulness playing a lesser but still important role. The lexical aspect use of verbs appeared to show that the learners in this study leaned heavily on activity verbs and using the progressive aspect. Overall the results add to the growing collection of knowledge in understanding how learners develop their verb use as they acquire language.
Temple University--Theses
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Petronienė, Saulė. "The Meaning of Lithuanian Past Tenses and their Equivalents in English." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090526_111025-59099.
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The meanings of Lithuanian past simple tenses and their equivalents in English is the object of the thesis. Other forms expressing past, i.e. compound forms, participles used instead of indicative mood in the narrative speech as well as predicative indeclinable forms of past passive participles are the subject matter in the thesis. There are two simple past tenses in Lithuanian: the past simple and the past frequentative tense. Both tenses are used to express an action which happened before the moment of speech; however, the relation to the moment of speech is different: the past simple tense is used to express a very close action to the reference time (whether it is present or other past action). Thus, the past simple tense has the perfective and plusquamperfective meaning. Whereas, the past frequentative tense does not possess those meanings; it is used to express a repetitive action of a more distant past. Moreover, the relationship of analytic forms to the simple ones is determined in the study. The problem of modus relativus and the meaning of predicative participles of passive voice are covered in the thesis as well. Analytical nature of English tenses enables to perceive and evaluate the meanings and functions of Lithuanian tenses more accurately. The search for the equivalents of Lithuanian tenses in English allows determining more precise meanings of Lithuanian past tenses, particularly the grammaticalization of analytic constructions, the relationships of... [to full text]Disertacijoje analizuojami ne tik vientisinių būtųjų lietuvių kalbos laikų reikšmės ir jų atitikmenys anglų kalboje, bet ir praeities raiškos formos, įtraukiant ir vadinamąsias sudurtines arba sudėtines laikų formas, dalyvius, vartojamus vietoj tiesioginės nuosakos atpasakojamojoje kalboje, ir predikatines nelinksniuojamas neveikiamosios rūšies būtojo laiko dalyvių formas. Lietuvių kalboje yra du vientisiniai laikai: būtasis kartinis ir būtasis dažninis. Abiems šiems laikams bendra tai, kad jie reiškia veiksmą, vykusį prieš kalbamąjį momentą, o skiria juos pagrindinė santykio su kalbamuoju momentu reikšmė: būtasis kartinis laikas gali reikšti labai artimą veiksmą atskaitos momentui: ar tai būtų dabartis, ar kitas praeities veiksmas. Taigi būtasis kartinis laikas turi ir perfekto, ir pliuskvamperfekto reikšmes. Šių reikšmių neturi būtasis dažninis laikas. Jis reiškia tolesnės praeities kartojamą veiksmą, kurio atžvilgiu jis sudaro opoziciją būtajam kartiniam laikui. Darbe taip pat nagrinėjamos analitinės formos, nustatomas jų santykis su vientisinėmis: ar jos sudaro vientisinėms opozicijas, ar yra sinoniminės, ar visos santykiauja vienodai. Taip pat tiriama vadinamoji netiesioginė nuosaka (modus relativus) ir neveikiamosios rūšies formą turinčių predikatinių dalyvių reikšmė. Analitinis anglų kalbos laikų pobūdis geriau padeda suprasti ir įvertinti lietuvių kalbos laikų reikšmes ir funkcijas. Ieškojimas lietuvių kalbos laikų formoms atitikmenų anglų kalboje padeda geriau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Bhattrai, Anju. "A contrastive analysis of the English and Nepali past tenses and an error analysis of Nepali learners' use of the English past tenses." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159139.
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This dissertation has two main purposes: (a) to provide an analysis of the past tenses in Nepali and compare them with those of English from a discourse pragmatic perspective; and (b) to investigate how Nepali learners of English use the English past tenses in terms of forms, meanings, and functions.A major claim of the dissertation is that tenses and aspects play various discourse functions in Nepali. Although Nepali has various past tenses as in English, their actual use is different from those of English. A significant difference between the use of the past tenses in English and Nepali is revealed in the use of the past perfect tense. In Nepali, unlike in English, the past perfect does not always require the existence of the past reference point between the event time and the speech time. Although used in similar as well as different contexts, the past perfect in both languages is found to express background information. In the analysis of the Nepali past tenses, one of the major arguments is that the traditionally termed `unknown past' does not have `past' as part of its basic meaning. The main function of this verb form is to express the speaker's unawareness of a situation at the time of its happening, whether in the past or the future.After the discussion of the Nepali past tenses in comparison with the English past tenses and aspects, an error analysis of Nepali EFL learners' use of the English past tenses in written essays is carried out. It was hypothesized that Nepali learners would make a wide variety of errors in the use of the English past tenses. Because of differences in the use of the past perfect and the past tense in the habitual sense between Nepali and English, it was expected that Nepali ESL learners would make errors in those areas. However, overgeneralization due to difference in the use was found only in a very few cases. Most of these errors cannot be traced to Nepali influence. One area, however, where Nepali has a clear effect on the students' use of English is in indirect speech. I argue that Nepali speakers do not change tenses in English indirect speech appropriately because verb tenses in Nepali are not changed from direct speech to indirect speech as in English.It is hoped that this dissertation will enhance the understanding of grammatical categories such as tense and aspect in general and of Nepali tense and aspect systems in particular. In general, this dissertation showed contribute to several areas of study in discourse analysis, second language acquisition, language transfer and contrastive analysis. A major significance of this dissertation is its demonstration of the role of tense and aspect in Nepali in the expression of various discourse functions.Department of English
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Full, Wolfram. "Two past tenses in Comorian: morphological form and inherent meaning." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91542.
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Comorian is a Bantu language spoken on the Comoro Islands, a small archipelago between the East African coast and the northern tip of Madagascar. It is usually grouped within the Sabaki languages together with Swahili, Mwani, Elwana, Pokorno and Mijikenda (Nurse & Hinnebusch 1993: 4-19). Internally Comorian is divided into different dialects. In congruence with the four main islands, four dialects of Comorian are usually distinguished in the linguistic literature (Ahmed- Charnanga 1992:13; Nurse & Hinnebusch 1993: 18): Shingazija on the island of Ngazija (Grande Comore), Shimwali on Mwali (Moheli), Shinzwani on Nzwani (Anjouan) and Shimaore on Maore (Mayotte). These four dialects are arranged into two dialect groups (Shingazija/ Shimwali vs. Shinzwani/Shimaore) which are supposed to reflect peculiar linguistic similarities and differences.
Although, in general, the greatest morphological differences between the Comorian dialects are within the TAM-markers, the past tense is morphologically quite homogeneous. Therefore dialectal differences do not play a dominant role for the subject of this paper. Two different past tense forms frequently used in everyday speech will be treated here: one morphological simple (one word) form and one compound (two word) form combining the auxiliary -ka (be) with the main verb. They will be discussed first from a formal point of view demonstrating the rules to create the morphosyntactical form. After this they are treated with regard to their semantic contents. The results presented here are based on a one year dialectological research on the Comoro Islands 1996-97. Interviews were made in 56 towns and villages on all four islands of the archipelago.
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Chambers, Neil Colin. "Time and personal action, tenses and aspects of project pursuit." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ57604.pdf.
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Chambers, Neil Colin Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Time and personal action: tenses and aspects of project pursuit." Ottawa, 2000.
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Bar, Tali. "If conditional sentences in contemporary Hebrew : structure, meaning, and usage of tenses /." Muenchen : LINCOM Europa, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52450159.html.
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Nicolacópulos, Nicoleta Theodoro. "The differences between the english and portuguese present tenses: a systemic analysis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106113.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1980.Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T19:17:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 321890.pdf: 2988341 bytes, checksum: 0c621ec09a3b0257d32aa8ae0d5ccc3c (MD5)
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Haroutyunian, Sona <1974>. "An analysis of Dante's tenses in the Armenian translations of the Divina Commedia." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1060.
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Questa tesi è uno studio monografico delle traduzioni del sistema verbale di Dante nei sistemi verbali dell’ armeno orientale e dell’armeno occidentale. Le traduzioni analizzate sono quelle di Tayan e Ghulyan per l’armeno orientale e quella di Łazikean per l’armeno occidentale.
Questo lavoro prende in considerazione gli aspetti linguistici relativi alla trasposizione delle forme verbali: un particolare sistema, quello dell’italiano di Dante, è paragonato con quello della lingua armena, che presenta con quest’ultimo molte differenze importanti. Questa tesi si occupa dei problemi riguardanti l’interazione fra sintassi e morfologia per ciò che concerne l’interpretazione temporale della frase.
I capitoli 1 e 2 discutono la particolare strutturazione morfologica dei tempi armeni. I tempi verbali infatti sono per lo più formati analiticamente per mezzo di un participio, di cui l’armeno possiede un’ampia varietà, e di un ausiliare. Il loro valore interpretativo è anche considerato in dettaglio.
Il capitolo 3 analizza sistematicamente le corrispondenze proposte dai traduttori della Commedia e investiga le ragioni linguistiche di tali scelte.This dissertation is a monographic study of the Tayan and Ghulyan Modern Eastern Armenian and Łazikean Western Armenian translations of Dante’s verbal system in the Divina Commedia. This thesis deals with the linguistic aspects related to this topic. A particular grammatical system, Dante’s Italian, is compared with a very different one, i.e. Armenian. Particular attention is paid to the problems concerning the interaction between syntax and morphology with respect to the temporal interpretation of the sentence. Chapters 1 and 2 concentrate on the peculiar morphological form of the Armenian tense system, which is formed mostly analytically, combining a variety of participles with auxiliaries. Their interpretive value is also considered. Chapter 3 follows, which systematically analyses the correspondences proposed by the translators of the Commedia. The reasons for their choices are then investigated and evaluated from a linguistic point of view.
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Fernandes, Maria Alice de Mello [UNESP]. "A inserção e os tempos verbais no Português falado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103598.
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Esta tese aborda o estudo da inserção - uma das estratégias do Português falado - e o uso dos tempos verbais com base nos princípios teóricos da Lingüística na visão da Lingüística Textual e da Semântica. Para a investigação analisaram-se excertos do corpus, constituído por inquéritos do Projeto de Estudo da Norma Lingüística Urbana Culta de São Paulo, do Atlas Lingüístico de Mato Grosso do Sul e do Projeto Filologia Bandeirante e Português Popular do Brasil, ambos de São Paulo, com informantes de sexo diferente, além de faixa etária e escolaridade variadas. Foram analisados, nesses excertos, a natureza e as funções do fenômeno da inserção, o uso dos tempos verbais nos diferentes tipos de inserções, a relação entre o uso dos tempos verbais nas inserções e nos segmentos anteriores e posteriores a elas, além da relação entre o uso dos tempos verbais e a atitude comunicativa e a perspectiva comunicativa, além do relevo, quando pertencentes ao mundo narrado. A partir dos dados obtidos, em análise qualitativa, verificou-se que existem variações quanto às transições verbais nos diferentes estados e entre informantes e que a inserção não interrompe a seqüência textual; pelo contrário, contribui para a coerência, o que justifica a maior freqüência das funções explicativas e de comentário. Observou-se, ainda, que o uso dos tempos verbais, tanto no caso das transições homogêneas como nas heterogêneas está sempre subordinado ao discurso e o discurso aos temas desenvolvidos, e ambos às características sociais de seus falantes.
This dissertation studies insertion- one of the strategies of spoken Portuguese- and the use of verbal tenses, based on the theoretical principles of Linguistics from the perspective of Textual Linguistics and Semantics. For this research, some excerpts of the corpora were analyzed which were established by exploration of the Cult Urban Linguistic Pattern of São Paulo, of Mato Grosso do Sul Linguistics Atlas and the Bandeirante Project of Philology and Popular Portuguese of Brazil, from São Paulo State, with the informants belonging to different genders, diverse age groups and education level. In order to proceed with this researched, the nature and functions of insertion phenomenon, the use of verbal tenses in the different types of insertion, the relationship between the use of verbal tenses in those insertions as well as in preceding and following insertions, in addition to the relationship between the use of the verbal tenses and the communicative attitude and communicative perspective beyond the relevance, when part of the narrated world. From the obtained data, in qualitative analysis, it was possible to verify that there are variations as to the verbal transitions in those mentioned States (Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo) and also among informants and that insertion does not interrupt the textual sequence, yet, quite on the contrary, it contributes for the coherence, which justifies the major frequency of explainable functions and comments. It was also observed that the use of verbal tenses, both in the case of homogeneous and heterogeneous transitions, have always been subordinated to discourse, which is also subordinated to the developed themes and both to the social characteristics of the speakers.
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Labeau, Emmanuelle. "The acquisition of French past tenses by tutored anglophone advanced learners : is aspect enough?" Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14846/.
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Following Andersen's (1986, 1991) study of untutored anglophone learners of Spanish, aspectual features have been at the centre of hypotheses on the development of past verbal morphology in language acquisition. The Primacy of Aspect Hypothesis claims that the association of any verb category (Aktionsart) with any aspect (perfective or imperfective) constitutes the endpoint of acquisition. However, its predictions rely on the observation of a limited number of untutored learners at the early stages of their acquisition, and have yet to be confirmed in other settings. The aim of the present thesis is to evaluate the ex planatory power of the P AH in respect of the acquisition of French past tenses, an aspect of the language which constitutes a serious stumbling block for foreign learners, even those at the highest levels of proficiency (Coppieters 1987). The present research applies the PAH to the production of 61 anglophone 'advanced learners' (as defined in Bartning 1997) in a tutored environment. In so doing, it tests concurrent explanations, including the influence of the input, the influence of chunking, and the hypothesis of cyclic development. Finally, it discusses the cotextual and contextual factors that still provoke what Anderson (1991) terms "non-native glitches" at the final stage, as predicted by the PAH. The first part of the thesis provides the theoretical background to the corpus analysis. It opens with a diachronic presentation of the French past tense system focusing on present areas of competition and developments that emphasize the complexity of the system to be acquired. The concepts of time, grammatical aspect and lexical aspect (Aktionsart) are introduced and discussed in the second chapter, and a distinctive formal representation of the French past tenses is offered in the third chapter. The second part of the thesis is devoted to a corpus analysis. The data gathering procedures and the choice of tasks (oral and written film narratives based on Modern Times, c10ze tests and acceptability judgement tests) are described and justified in the research methodology chapter. The research design was shaped by previous studies and consequently allows comparison with these. The second chapter is devoted to the narratives analysis and the third to the grammatical tasks. This section closes with a summary of discoveries and a comparison with previous results. The conclusion addresses the initial research questions in the light of both theory and practice. It shows that the PAH fails to account for the complex phenomenon of past tense development in the acquisitional settings under study, as it adopts a local (the verb phrase) and linear (steady progression towards native usage) approach. It is thus suggested that past tense acquisition rather follows a pendular development as learners reformulate their learning hypotheses and become increasingly able to shift from local to global cues and so to integrate the influence of cotext and context in their tense choice. Key Words: French language Aspect - Aktionsarl - French as a foreign language - Corpus analysis
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Maruenda, Sonia B. "A minimalist approach to the compositionality of aspect in clauses of simple tenses in Spanish /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8385.
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Fernandes, Maria Alice de Mello. "A inserção e os tempos verbais no Português falado /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103598.
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Orientador: Odette Gertrudes Luiza Altmann de Souza CamposBanca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck
Banca: Beatriz Nunes de Oliveira Longo
Banca: Ingedore Grunfeld Villaça Koch
Banca: Gladis Maria Barcelos de Almeida
Resumo: Esta tese aborda o estudo da inserção - uma das estratégias do Português falado - e o uso dos tempos verbais com base nos princípios teóricos da Lingüística na visão da Lingüística Textual e da Semântica. Para a investigação analisaram-se excertos do corpus, constituído por inquéritos do Projeto de Estudo da Norma Lingüística Urbana Culta de São Paulo, do Atlas Lingüístico de Mato Grosso do Sul e do Projeto Filologia Bandeirante e Português Popular do Brasil, ambos de São Paulo, com informantes de sexo diferente, além de faixa etária e escolaridade variadas. Foram analisados, nesses excertos, a natureza e as funções do fenômeno da inserção, o uso dos tempos verbais nos diferentes tipos de inserções, a relação entre o uso dos tempos verbais nas inserções e nos segmentos anteriores e posteriores a elas, além da relação entre o uso dos tempos verbais e a atitude comunicativa e a perspectiva comunicativa, além do relevo, quando pertencentes ao mundo narrado. A partir dos dados obtidos, em análise qualitativa, verificou-se que existem variações quanto às transições verbais nos diferentes estados e entre informantes e que a inserção não interrompe a seqüência textual; pelo contrário, contribui para a coerência, o que justifica a maior freqüência das funções explicativas e de comentário. Observou-se, ainda, que o uso dos tempos verbais, tanto no caso das transições homogêneas como nas heterogêneas está sempre subordinado ao discurso e o discurso aos temas desenvolvidos, e ambos às características sociais de seus falantes.
Abstract: This dissertation studies insertion- one of the strategies of spoken Portuguese- and the use of verbal tenses, based on the theoretical principles of Linguistics from the perspective of Textual Linguistics and Semantics. For this research, some excerpts of the "corpora" were analyzed which were established by exploration of the Cult Urban Linguistic Pattern of São Paulo, of Mato Grosso do Sul Linguistics Atlas and the Bandeirante Project of Philology and Popular Portuguese of Brazil, from São Paulo State, with the informants belonging to different genders, diverse age groups and education level. In order to proceed with this researched, the nature and functions of insertion phenomenon, the use of verbal tenses in the different types of insertion, the relationship between the use of verbal tenses in those insertions as well as in preceding and following insertions, in addition to the relationship between the use of the verbal tenses and the communicative attitude and communicative perspective beyond the relevance, when part of the narrated world. From the obtained data, in qualitative analysis, it was possible to verify that there are variations as to the verbal transitions in those mentioned States (Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo) and also among informants and that insertion does not interrupt the textual sequence, yet, quite on the contrary, it contributes for the coherence, which justifies the major frequency of explainable functions and comments. It was also observed that the use of verbal tenses, both in the case of homogeneous and heterogeneous transitions, have always been subordinated to discourse, which is also subordinated to the developed themes and both to the social characteristics of the speakers.
Doutor
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Petronienė, Saulė. "Lietuvių kalbos būtųjų laikų reikšmės ir jų atitikmenys anglų kalboje." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090526_111014-88971.
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Disertacijoje analizuojami ne tik vientisinių būtųjų lietuvių kalbos laikų reikšmės ir jų atitikmenys anglų kalboje, bet ir praeities raiškos formos, įtraukiant ir vadinamąsias sudurtines arba sudėtines laikų formas, dalyvius, vartojamus vietoj tiesioginės nuosakos atpasakojamojoje kalboje, ir predikatines nelinksniuojamas neveikiamosios rūšies būtojo laiko dalyvių formas. Lietuvių kalboje yra du vientisiniai laikai: būtasis kartinis ir būtasis dažninis. Abiems šiems laikams bendra tai, kad jie reiškia veiksmą, vykusį prieš kalbamąjį momentą, o skiria juos pagrindinė santykio su kalbamuoju momentu reikšmė: būtasis kartinis laikas gali reikšti labai artimą veiksmą atskaitos momentui: ar tai būtų dabartis, ar kitas praeities veiksmas. Taigi būtasis kartinis laikas turi ir perfekto, ir pliuskvamperfekto reikšmes. Šių reikšmių neturi būtasis dažninis laikas. Jis reiškia tolesnės praeities kartojamą veiksmą, kurio atžvilgiu jis sudaro opoziciją būtajam kartiniam laikui. Darbe taip pat nagrinėjamos analitinės formos, nustatomas jų santykis su vientisinėmis: ar jos sudaro vientisinėms opozicijas, ar yra sinoniminės, ar visos santykiauja vienodai. Taip pat tiriama vadinamoji netiesioginė nuosaka (modus relativus) ir neveikiamosios rūšies formą turinčių predikatinių dalyvių reikšmė. Analitinis anglų kalbos laikų pobūdis geriau padeda suprasti ir įvertinti lietuvių kalbos laikų reikšmes ir funkcijas. Ieškojimas lietuvių kalbos laikų formoms atitikmenų anglų kalboje padeda geriau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The meanings of Lithuanian past simple tenses and their equivalents in English is the object of the thesis. Other forms expressing past, i.e. compound forms, participles used instead of indicative mood in the narrative speech as well as predicative indeclinable forms of past passive participles are the subject matter in the thesis. There are two simple past tenses in Lithuanian: the past simple and the past frequentative tense. Both tenses are used to express an action which happened before the moment of speech; however, the relation to the moment of speech is different: the past simple tense is used to express a very close action to the reference time (whether it is present or other past action). Thus, the past simple tense has the perfective and plusquamperfective meaning. Whereas, the past frequentative tense does not possess those meanings; it is used to express a repetitive action of a more distant past. Moreover, the relationship of analytic forms to the simple ones is determined in the study. The problem of modus relativus and the meaning of predicative participles of passive voice are covered in the thesis as well. Analytical nature of English tenses enables to perceive and evaluate the meanings and functions of Lithuanian tenses more accurately. The search for the equivalents of Lithuanian tenses in English allows determining more precise meanings of Lithuanian past tenses, particularly the grammaticalization of analytic constructions, the relationships of... [to full text]
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Hernández, Puertas Tamara. "Corrective Feedback in the EFL Classroom: Grammar Checker vs. Teacher’s Feedback." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14110.2022.149225.
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The aim of this doctoral thesis is to compare the feedback provided by the teacher to that obtained by the software called Grammar Checker on grammatical errors in the written production of English as a foreign language students. Traditionally, feedback has been considered as one of the three theoretical conditions for language learning (along with input and output) and, for this reason, extensive research has been carried out on who should provide it, when and the level of explicitness. However, there are far fewer studies that analyse the use of e-feedback programs as a complement or alternative to those offered by the teacher. Participants in our study were divided into two experimental groups and one control group, and three grammatical aspects that are usually susceptible to error in English students at B2 level were examined: prepositions, articles, and simple past-present/past perfect dichotomy. All participants had to write four essays. The first experimental group received feedback from the teacher and the second received it through the Grammar Checker program. The control group did not get feedback on the grammatical aspects of the analysis but on other linguistic forms not studied. The results obtained point, first of all, to the fact that the software did not mark grammatical errors in some cases. This means that students were unable to improve their written output in terms of linguistic accuracy after receiving feedback from the program. In contrast, students who received feedback from the teacher did improve, although the difference was not significant. Second, the two experimental groups outperformed the control group in the use of the grammatical forms under analysis. Thirdly, regardless of the feedback offered, the two groups showed improvement in the use of grammatical aspects in the long term, and finally, no differences in attitude towards the feedback received and its impact on the results were found in either of the experimental groups. Our results open up new lines for investigating corrective feedback in the English as a foreign language classroom, since more studies are needed that, on the one hand, influence the improvement of electronic feedback programs by making them more accurate and effective in the detection of errors. On the other hand, software such as Grammar Checker can be a complement to the daily practice of the foreign language teacher, helping in the first instance to correct common and recurring mistakes, even more so when our research has shown that attitudes towards this type of electronic feedback are positive and does not imply an intrusion into the classroom, thus helping in the acquisition of the English language.Programa de Doctorat en Llengües Aplicades, Literatura i Traducció
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Pais, Artur Geraldo [UNESP]. "As formas de pretérito do modo indicativo no Ensino Fundamental II: reflexões e propostas de atividades." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/147128.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os recentes materiais didáticos destinados à aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa no Ensino Fundamental II têm procurado desenvolver um trabalho de gramática direcionado aos mais diversos gêneros textuais. No que diz respeito ao ensino dos verbos, particularmente as formas de pretérito do modo indicativo, gêneros como relato de experiência, notícia de jornal, crônica, biografia, entre outros, contemplam o conteúdo das formas de passado no português brasileiro. Entretanto, percebe-se que ainda persiste um mero ensino das características morfológicas desse tempo verbal. Noções de aspecto, modalidade e uso são deixadas em segundo plano, ou simplesmente ignoradas. O Currículo do Estado de São Paulo propõe, com base nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, que o ensino gramatical seja voltado para o texto em seus mais variados gêneros, e que tenha respaldo na língua em situações de uso real. Por outro lado, os materiais de apoio do Currículo (Caderno do Aluno e Caderno do Professor) não concentram o ensino da gramática a essas situações de uso e acabam seguindo o mesmo padrão adotado pelos livros didáticos, nos quais sequer existem menções a valores aspectuais e modais dos verbos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados acerca da investigação e análise da abordagem dada às concepções de ensino de língua e aos estudos gramaticais nos materiais de apoio do Currículo do Estado de São Paulo e em alguns livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa de 6º e 7º anos do Ensino Fundamental, com um recorte dado aos verbos e, particularmente, às formas flexionadas nos tempos do pretérito do modo indicativo no português do Brasil. Considerando os conceitos de tempo e de aspecto verbal e as diferentes perspectivas de abordagem dos tempos de pretérito do modo indicativo na Língua Portuguesa, esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, consiste na análise dos documentos oficiais e dos materiais didáticos utilizados na Educação Básica, e apresenta, como proposta de intervenção, um Caderno Complementar de Atividades para o professor aplicar junto aos alunos do Ensino Fundamental II, com exercícios que contemplem o passado dos verbos em português, dentro de uma perspectiva semântica e funcional, em diferentes gêneros textuais. A presente pesquisa também apresenta uma análise da elaboração do Caderno Complementar e da aplicação das primeiras atividades com alunos do 7º ano de uma escola pública da cidade de Assis, SP.
The newest schoolbooks for the learning of Portuguese language in Elementary Education try to develop a grammar teaching according to various text genres. When the subject is the teaching of verbs, particularly the forms of the past tenses in the indicative mood, text genres like experience report, newspaper report, chronicle, biography, and many others, include the contents of the forms of the verbs in the past in Brazilian Portuguese. However, it is very clear that there is still a mere teaching of the morphological characteristics of this tense. The verbal aspect, the modal verbs and the functions of verbs are not the main topic in the studies, or they are simply ignored. The Currículo do Estado de São Paulo – an official document that indicates the contents to be taught in public schools in São Paulo State – proposes, based on the PCN (Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters), that the grammar teaching must be focused on the text in its several genres, and has to consider the language in real use situations. On the other hand, the Currículo support materials (student’s and teacher’s notebooks) do not consider these situations in the grammar teaching, and the approach follows the same pattern adopted by the textbooks, in which there is not any mention about aspect values or modal verbs. The aim of this work is to present the results on the research and analysis of the approach of the language teaching concepts in the support materials of the Currículo do Estado de São Paulo and in some textbooks of the 6th and the 7th years in elementary school, with the focus on the grammatical studies about the verbs and, particularly, their inflected forms in the past tenses in the indicative mood, in Brazilian Portuguese. Considering the concepts of tense and verbal aspect, and the different perspectives of approach to the past tenses in the indicative mood in Portuguese, this qualitative research analyzes the official documents and the teaching materials used in Elementary Education, and presents, as a proposal of intervention, a Complementary Activities Notebook for the teacher’s work with the elementary school students, with exercises that include the verbs in the past in Portuguese, in a semantic and functional perspective, in different genres. This research also analyzes the development of that Complementary Notebook and the results of implementing its first activities with students in a 7th year at a public school in Assis, São Paulo State.
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Barrios, Vicente Leyre. "La factualidad en las oraciones adversativas, concesivas y condicionales en español: El papel de los tiempos verbales en la anotación automática de corpus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673898.
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En els últims anys, la representació i l'anàlisi de la factualitat dels esdeveniments esmentats en un text ha experimentat un creixent interès en l'àmbit de la lingüística de corpus i en el processament del llenguatge natural. En aquest àmbit, el projecte FactBank per a l'anglès (Saurí i Pustejovsky, 2009) és un clar referent, per la qual cosa és a la base de la majoria dels treballs posteriors.
La recerca desenvolupada en aquesta tesi pretén contribuir al panorama de l'anotació de la factualitat per a l'espanyol, llengua en la qual s'ha treballat molt poc en aquest camp. L'objectiu és estudiar la factualitat de les oracions adversatives, concessives i condicionals de l'espanyol i formalitzar regles que permetin determinar els valors factuals per a ser implementades en un anotador automàtic basat en coneixement lingüístic. En aquest sentit cal remarcar que el nostre treball s'emmarca dins del projecte TAGFACT (2018), la fi del qual és crear una eina automàtica d'anotació de la factualitat a partir de l'anàlisi de textos periodístics en espanyol.
Cal esmentar també que, seguint la tendència en l'anotació de la factualitat, l’entenem com el compromís, per part del parlant, respecte a la veracitat d'una situació. A l'hora d’especificar aquest compromís, ens hem basat en l'anàlisi dels valors expressats pels temps verbals en si mateixos i en els connectors.
Segons la bibliografia sobre el tema, els valors factuals dels temps verbals són, en general, bastants estables, o bé perquè alguns s'associen a un únic valor o bé perquè uns altres poden associar-se a més d'un valor, però pot establir-se el més freqüent. Cenyint-nos a les oracions objecte d'estudi, els resultats obtinguts en aquesta recerca ens indiquen que, sobretot en les oracions subordinades (pròtasis), alguns temps varien el valor per defecte, per la qual cosa, en aquests casos, és crucial el paper dels connectors. En aquest sentit, l'anàlisi revela una escala de complexitat en la qual les oracions adversatives són les que menys problemàtica presenten i les condicionals les que més. Això es deu al fet que, en les oracions adversatives, els temps verbals, excepte en un cas, mantenen els valors factuals per defecte. En canvi, en les oracions condicionals s'ha observat una variació interessant tant en les subordinades (o pròtasis) com en les principals (o apòdosis). En el cas de les concessives, la complexitat és mitjana, ja que d'entre tots els temps que presenten les pròtasis, cinc d’aquests temps expressen més d'un valor factual.
Aquests resultats ens han permès formular una sèrie de regles específiques per a aquests tres tipus d'oracions susceptibles de ser implementades en l'anotador automàtic de TAGFACT i que previsiblement milloraran la precisió de l'anotació.En los últimos años, la representación y el análisis de la factualidad de los eventos mencionados en un texto ha experimentado un creciente interés en el ámbito de la lingüística de corpus y en el procesamiento del lenguaje natural. En este ámbito, el proyecto FactBank para el inglés (Saurí y Pustejovsky, 2009) es un claro referente, por lo que la mayoría de los trabajos posteriores se basan en su propuesta de anotación. La presente investigación pretende contribuir al panorama de la anotación de la factualidad para el español, lengua en la que se ha trabajado muy poco en este campo. El objetivo es estudiar la factualidad de las oraciones adversativas, concesivas y condicionales del español y formalizar reglas que permitan determinar los valores factuales para ser implementadas en un anotador automático basado en conocimiento lingüístico. En este sentido cabe remarcar que nuestro trabajo se enmarca dentro del proyecto TAGFACT (2018), cuyo fin es crear una herramienta automática de anotación de la factualidad a partir del análisis de textos periodísticos en español. Cabe mencionar también que, siguiendo la tendencia en la anotación de la factualidad, entendemos esta como el compromiso, por parte del hablante, respecto a la veracidad de una situación. A la hora de especificar este compromiso, nos hemos basado en el análisis de los valores expresados por los tiempos verbales en sí mismos y en los conectores. Según la bibliografía sobre el tema, los valores factuales de los tiempos verbales son, en general, bastantes estables, o bien porque algunos se asocian a un único valor o bien porque otros pueden asociarse a más de un valor, pero puede establecerse el más frecuente. Ciñéndonos a las oraciones objeto de estudio, los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación nos indican que, sobre todo en las oraciones subordinadas (prótasis), algunos tiempos varían el valor por defecto, por lo que, en estos casos, es crucial el papel de los conectores. En este sentido, el análisis revela una escala de complejidad en la que las oraciones adversativas son las que menos problemática presentan y las condicionales las que más. Esto se debe a que, en las oraciones adversativas, los tiempos verbales, salvo en un caso, mantienen los valores factuales por defecto. En cambio, en las oraciones condicionales se ha observado una variación interesante tanto en las subordinadas (o prótasis) como en las principales (o apódosis). En el caso de las concesivas, la complejidad es media, ya que de entre todos los tiempos que presentan las prótasis, cinco de estos tiempos expresan más de un valor factual. Estos resultados nos han permitido formular una serie de reglas específicas para estos tres tipos de oraciones susceptibles de ser implementadas en el anotador automático de TAGFACT y que previsiblemente van a mejorar la precisión de la anotación.
In recent years, the representation and analysis of the factuality of events mentioned in a text has experienced an increasing interest in the field of corpus linguistics and natural language processing. In this field, the FactBank project for English (Saurí and Pustejovsky, 2009) is a reference, and most of the subsequent works are based on its annotation proposal. The present research aims to contribute to the panorama of factuality annotation for Spanish, a language in which very little work has been done in this field. The aim is to study the factuality of Spanish adversative, concessive and conditional sentences and to formalise rules for determining the factuality values to be implemented in an automatic annotator based on linguistic knowledge. In this sense, it is worth mentioning that our work is part of the TAGFACT project (2018), which aims to create an automatic factuality annotation tool based on the analysis of journalistic texts in Spanish. It is also worth mentioning that, following the trend in factuality annotation, we understand factuality as the speaker's commitment to the veracity of a situation. In determining this commitment, we have based ourselves on the analysis of the values expressed by the verb tenses themselves and by the connectors. According to the literature on the subject, the factual values of verb tenses are, in general, fairly stable, either because some are associated with a single value or because others can be associated with more than one value, but the most frequent one can be established. Sticking to the sentences under study, the results obtained in this research indicate that, especially in subordinate clauses (protasis), some tenses vary the default value, so that, in these cases, the role of connectors is crucial. In this respect, the analysis reveals a scale of complexity in which adversative sentences are the least problematic and conditional sentences the most problematic. This is because, in adversative sentences, the verb tenses, except in one case, maintain the factual values by default. On the other hand, in conditional sentences, an interesting variation has been observed in both subordinate (or protasis) and main (or apodosis) sentences. In the case of the concessive sentences, the complexity is medium, since of all the tenses in the protasis, five of them express more than one factual value. These results have allowed us to formulate a series of specific rules for these three types of sentences which can be implemented in the TAGFACT automatic annotator and which are expected to improve annotation accuracy.
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Borel, Marine. "Les formes verbales surcomposées en français." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0066.
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Ma recherche consiste en une analyse sémantique et morphologique des formes verbales dites « surcomposées » en français (j’ai eu fait, j’avais eu fait, j’aurai eu fait, etc.). La forme la plus fréquemment employée et la mieux représentée est la forme appelée « passé surcomposé », du type j’ai eu fait. Mais à des degrés divers, toutes les formes du paradigme sont attestées.Le passé surcomposé connaît deux emplois distincts. Le premier, appelé « standard », est attesté dans toute la francophonie. Cette forme peut être décrite comme un passé résultatif, car, par son aspect « accompli », elle pointe la phase qui, dans le passé, fait suite au procès. Utilisée en relation avec le passé composé à valeur aoristique, qui pointe le procès en cours de déroulement, elle crée des effets d’antériorité (quand il a eu mangé, il est parti).Le second emploi, dit « régional », n’est attesté que dans les domaines à substrat occitan et francoprovençal. Ce second passé surcomposé peut être décrit comme un parfait d’expérience, car il possède toujours une valeur « expérientielle », qui indique qu’il est arrivé au moins une fois à une situation donnée de se produire à l’intérieur d’un certain intervalle temporel. Pour les locuteurs qui emploient ces formes, un énoncé comme j’ai eu mangé du requin signifie ainsi il m’est arrivé au moins une fois de manger du requin. Les formes « standard » et les formes « régionales » ne sont pas seulement distinctes sémantiquement. Elles sont également différentes sur le plan morphologique : tandis que les premières sont construites par composition de l’auxiliaire (avoir eu + fait), les secondes se construisent par l’insertion du morphème eu, marqueur expérientiel, dans le syntagme verbal composé : avoir (+eu) fait. Cette différence n’est certes pas « visible » pour les formes qui se construisent avec l’auxiliaire « avoir ». Mais elle se révèle avec les verbes qui demandent l’auxiliaire « être » : les formes résultatives se construisent en effet sur le modèle de avoir été + parti (quand il a été parti, je suis allée me coucher), tandis que les formes expérientielles se construisent sur le modèle de être (+eu) parti (on est eu partis en vacances en Italie). La correspondance entre sens et forme étant absolue, la thèse défendue dans mon travail est qu’il ne s’agit pas seulement de types d’emploi distincts, mais bien de formes verbales différentesMy research consists in a semantic and morphological analysis of the so-called “surcomposé” verbal forms in French (j’ai eu fait, j’avais eu fait, j’aurai eu fait, etc.). The most frequently used and best-represented form is called “passé surcomposé”, such as j’ai eu fait. However, all the forms of the paradigm are attested to some degree.The passé surcomposé displays two distinct uses. The first one, known as the “standard use”, is attested throughout the French-speaking world. This type can be described as a resultative past. Indeed, through its “perfect” aspect, it points to the phase, in the past, following the process. Used in association with the passé composé with an aoristic value, which points to the on-going process, it creates anteriority effects (quand il a eu mangé, il est parti).The second use, referred to as “regional”, is only attested in the areas with an Occitan and a Franco-Provencal substrate. This second passé surcomposé can be described as an experiential perfect because it always has an “experiential” value that indicates that a given situation has occurred at least once within a certain temporal interval. Speakers who use these forms understand an utterance like j’ai eu mangé du requin as I have eaten shark at least once.The “standard” and “regional” forms do not only differ in terms of semantics. They are also different at the morphological level: whereas the former are constructed by auxiliary composition (avoir eu + fait), the latter are constructed by the insertion of the morpheme eu, which is an experiential marker, in the composed verbal phrase: avoir (+eu) fait. Of course this difference is not “visible” for forms constructed with the auxiliary “avoir”. It is however revealed with verbs requiring the auxiliary “être”: resultative forms are constructed on the model avoir été + parti (quand il a été parti, je suis allée me coucher), while experiential forms are constructed on the model être (+eu) parti (on est eu partis en vacances en Italie).As the form-meaning correspondence is absolute, the present work proposes a view according to which these forms correspond to different verbal forms and not only distinct uses
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Bagdanavičius, Ramūnas. "Concordance des temps de l’indicatif en français et son transfert en lituanien." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110809_120441-14370.
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Dans le présent travail il s’agira du mode de l’indicatif français, notamment de la concordance des temps de l’indicatif et son transfert vers le lituanien. Donc, l’objectif de notre mémoire est l’étude du système de l’indicatif du français et son transfert en lituanien.Mūsų darbo tikslas yra išstudijuoti prancūzų kalbos tiesioginę nuosakos laikus ir jų vertimą į lietuvių kalbą. Kalbant apie tiesioginę nuosaką reikėtų pasakyti, kad vien šios nuosakos formos jau gali išreikšti laiko sąvoką. Taip pat reikėtų paminėti, kad specifinis prancūzų kalbos gramatikos bruožas yra laikų derinimas. Laikų derinimu vadiname atitikmenį, kuris reikalingas atliekamų veiksmų suvokimui ir chronologijai, kurie egzistuoja sudėtiniame sakinyje išdėstant veiksmažodžių laikus tarp pagrindinio ir šalutinio sakinio. Norint suprasti, kaip veikia laikų derinimo mechanizmas, reikia stebėti, kaip keičiasi šalutinio sakinio veiksmažodžiai, kada pakinta pagrindinio sakinio veiksmažodžių laikas. Taip galima išskirti dabarties ir praeities veiksmažodžių laikų derinimo planus. Vis tik nereikėtų suprasti laikų derinimo tik kaip metodo, kai šalutinio sakinio laikų vartojimas priklauso nuo pagrindinio sakinio laikų vartojimo. Laikų derinimo sąvoka yra daug platesnė. Sakykim, derinant pasakojimo laikus, reikia atkreipti dėmesį ne tik į atitinkamo laiko plano laikų derinimą, bet ir į pasakojimo prasmę, į tai, ką norima pasakyti.
Dans le présent travail il s’agira du mode de l’indicatif français, notamment de la concordance des temps de l’indicatif et son transfert vers le lituanien. Donc, l’objectif de notre mémoire est l’étude du système de l’indicatif du français et son transfert en lituanien.
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Nagy, Z. "A study of scribal practice in the late Ramesside Letters : characteristics of scribal mechanisms deployed in hieratic to determine negative aorists, 'not yet' forms, second tenses, terminatives and stative formations." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3009250/.
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Gagné, Maxime. "L'impact des jeux vidéo sur la maîtrise des temps verbaux en anglais langue seconde = : The effect of video games on the mastery of verb tenses in English as a second language (ESL)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69382.
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Les jeux vidéo ne sont pas seulement une source de divertissement, étant donné qu'ils constituent aussi un apport linguistique authentique pour les apprenants de langue seconde. Cette étude tente de déterminer l'impact des jeux vidéo sur la maîtrise grammaticale de l'anglais comme langue seconde de manière spécifique, parmi un échantillon ciblé de Québécois. Afin de vérifier l'hypothèse supposant que les jeux vidéo mènent à un niveau supérieur de maitrise de l'anglais comme langue seconde, un sondage a été envoyé à 16 participants volontaires. Ils ont été divisés en deux groupes spécifiques, les joueurs et les non-joueurs. Les participants ont écrit un texte d'environ 250 mots en anglais sur un sujet libre. Chaque texte a été évalué selon la qualité grammaticale et lexicale. Tous les participants étudiaient à l'UQAC et étaient tous originaires de régions très majoritairement francophones d'un point de vue historique. De plus, un petit nombre de participants ont été observés directement alors qu'ils jouaient dans le but d'évaluer l'usage spécifique et la fréquence de certains temps verbaux communs. Tous les textes ont été évalués selon le bon usage des temps verbaux et les données ont été recueillies d’après le nombre d'erreurs grammaticales et lexicales. La comparaison de ces éléments rend possible d'analyser ces deux groupes de participants d'une manière qualitative. En général, les joueurs ont mieux performé statistiquement que les non-joueurs, autant au niveau grammatical que lexical. Ils ont également fait moins d'erreurs. Cependant, il est devenu évident lors de cette étude que d'autres sources pouvaient aussi contribuer à la maîtrise de l'anglais comme langue seconde.Video games are not only a source of entertainment, as they also provide authentic language input for second language learners. Specifically, this study investigates the effect of video games on grammatical mastery of English as a second language (ESL) among a targeted sample of Quebecers. To test the hypothesis that video games impact a higher level of mastery of ESL, an online survey was distributed to 16 volunteer participants who were divided into two specific groups identified as gamers and non-gamers. Participants provided a written text in English of approximately 250 words on any topic which was evaluated for grammar and lexical quality. All participants were UQAC students, and all students were identified as originating from historically high percentage French-speaking environments. Moreover, a small sample of participants was directly observed during the process of gaming to evaluate the specific use and frequency of certain common verb tenses. All submissions were evaluated for the correct use of verb tense and data was gathered based on the number of grammatical and lexical errors. Comparison of these values allows for a qualitative means of analyzing these two groups of participants. In general, it was found that gamers statistically performed better than non-gamers, both grammatically and lexically. They also made fewer mistakes. However, it became apparent during this study that there are additional influences that may contribute to the mastery of ESL.
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Martins, Carlos Otávio Damas. "Comparação entre técnicas de análise de tensões residuais em anéis para rolamentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/140649.
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Os conceitos teóricos e práticos sobre as características da distribuição de tensões residuais vêm sendo estudados a partir do inicio da década de 1930. Desde então, o desenvolvimento de novos equipamentos e a necessidade de valores quantitativos mais representativos, tornaram necessários o estudo e o aprimoramento teórico prático dos métodos disponíveis de caracterização das tensões residuais, visando, principalmente, o maior entendimento dos efeitos que essas tensões exercem no desempenho dos componentes mecânicos em geral. Sendo parte adicional do projeto SFB 570, neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre os métodos do Furo Cego e Micromagnético de análise das tensões residuais, a fim de verificar a aplicabilidade de cada método na caracterização dos campos de tensões residuais presentes em anéis para rolamentos do aço ABNT 52100. Foram analisadas cinco amostras, provenientes de diferentes etapas do processo de manufatura de anéis para rolamentos do aço ABNT 52100, contendo diferentes distribuições de tensões residuais. Alguns conceitos a respeito das características das tensões residuais e da aplicação de cada método foram revistos, assim como da natureza da distribuição de tensões residuais em anéis para rolamentos. Fatores como a distribuição de tensões residuais com a profundidade, características do componente, tempo de resposta e tipo de intervenção da técnica, foram revistos e considerados como limitantes para a aplicação de cada método. Alguns resultados obtidos foram comparados com resultados provenientes da análise de tensões residuais através do Método de Difração de raios X, a fim de verificar a representatividade de cada método. Os resultados encontrados estão dentro da escala compreensível para cada amostra, considerando–se as origens da variação das tensões residuais durante um processo de manufatura de anéis para rolamentos, e apontam para o uso complementar das técnicas utilizadas, onde cada método apresenta vantagens e limitações, atuando em escalas singulares de distribuição das tensões residuais.The experimental and theoretical concepts about the residual stress distribution have been studyng since 1930. The development of new equipment and the necessity of better representative quantitative values, made the study and the improvement of these concepts necessary at this time. In this work, which is an additional part of SFB 570 project, a comparative analysis between the Blind Hole Drilling and the Micromagnetic Methods was carried through, in order to verify the applicability of each method in the characterization of residual stress fields in an ABNT 52100 ball bearing steel rings. Five samples, from different manufacturing steps for the ABNT 52100 ball bearing steel rings, having different residual stress distributions, varing with depth and angular position in the sample, have been analyzed. Some concepts regarding the characteristics of residual stresses and the application of each method have been reviewed, as well as the nature of the residual stress distribution in a ball bearing steel ring. The residual stress depth distribution, the physical properties and geometry of the material, the time consumed and type of intervention are some factors used to compare and find the best range for the application of each method. Some results obtained in this work, have been compared with results proceeding from the analysis of residual stresses by the X– ray Diffraction Method, to verify the reliablility of the Blind Hole Drilling and the Micromagnetic Methods. The results full fill the expectation in the residual stress range for each sample and are an indicative for the necessity of the complementary use of these techniques, where each one, besides presenting advantages and disadvantages, works in a specific range of depth and local surface resolution.
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Bashir, Ahmed Mustafa Aamir. "Temps et aspect en arabe : étude comparative avec le français." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC030.
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Le sujet de cette recherche, intitulé Temps et Aspect en arabe. Étude comparative avec le français, porte sur une étude comparative du fonctionnement du temps et de l’aspect dans les deux langues. Le présent travail décrit le système temporel de la langue et étudie les procédures de fonctionnement du temps dans le récit et les effets de sens relevant des différentes procédures de l’énonciation du temps.En effet, notre étude n’est pas uniquement une étude à perspective contrastive de l’arabe et du français. Elle a aussi pour but d’éclairer le processus de production écrite des étudiants soudanais quant à l’expression du temps. Nous recueillerons dans un premier temps un corpus de productions écrits d’étudiants soudanais. Nous avons consacré dans un deuxième temps notre étude à un corpus littéraire (deux récits : Saison de la migration vers le nord et Le Messie du Darfour)The subject of this research, entitled Tenses and Aspect in Arabic: a comparative study with French, consists of a comparative study of the functioning of tenses and aspect in the languages in question. This work describes the tense systems of both languages: it studies howt heses tenses function in narration and the effects of meaning under the different procedures of the enunciation of tenses. However, our study is not only a contrastive study of Arabic and French tenses. It also aims to shed light on the written production process of Sudanese students as regards the expression of tenses. We will first collect a corpus of written productions of Sudanese students. We also based our study on a literary corpus (two stories: Season of the migration to the north and The Messiah of Darfur)
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Souza, Juliana Chaves. "Aquisição dos tempos verbais do português por falantes de línguas timbira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-16052013-114159/.
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Neste estudo procurou-se analisar sobre como se manifesta a aquisição dos tempos verbais do português por falantes de línguas timbira. Tal observação baseou-se em quarenta redações elaboradas por alunos indígenas matriculados no projeto: Uma escola Timbira, realizado pelas Secretarias de Educação do Maranhão e do Tocantins em conjunto com a FUNAI e com o Centro de Trabalho Indigenista (CTI) no ano de 2006. Do corpus analisado, escolheu-se, como objeto de investigação, a aquisição dos tempos verbais da língua portuguesa, visto que as dificuldades de expressão quanto ao presente, passado e ao futuro ocorriam com grande frequência. Como bases teóricas, o Modelo de Análise de Erros (AE) juntamente com o Modelo de Análise Contrastiva (AC) contribuíram para a divisão e a classificação dos desvios de norma padrão da língua portuguesa e para o contraste entre a língua materna e a língua alvo, criando-se as hipóteses desse estudo. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que muitos desvios de norma padrão de L2 estão intimamente relacionados à transferência de parâmetros de L1 para L2, à substituição errônea de tempos verbais e ao uso de estratégias facilitadoras de referenciação à temporalidade.The aim of this study is to analyze how the acquisition of Portuguese verb tenses occurs for Timbira speakers. This observation was based on forty essays produced by indigenous students enrolled in the project Uma escola Timbira held by Departamento da Educação of the states of Maranhão and Tocantins in conjunction with FUNAI and Centro de Trabalho Indigenista (CTI) in 2006. As a result of the analysis of the corpus, the acquisition of verb tenses in Portuguese was chosen as the object of this research, since the difficulties of expression for the present, past and future occur with high frequency. As a theoretical basis, the Model of Error Analysis (EA) together with the Model of Contrastive Analysis (CA) contributed to the division and classification of the deviations from the standard Portuguese norm and also to the contrast between the mother tongue and the target language, creating the hypotheses of this study. The research results show that many deviations from the standard L2 are closely related to the transfer of parameters from L1 to L2, the erroneous substitution of tenses and the use of strategies to facilitate temporality reference.
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Motsei, Anastacia Sara. "The expression of aspect in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4017.
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Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The expression of aspect in Sesotho within the framework of the principles, properties and mechanisms of three different components of grammar, i.e. the syntactic, morphological and semantic components, has been established in a broader context. The application of the terms aspect and tense in the existing grammatical descriptions of the Sesotho verbs, however, has proved to be problematic. This is largely owing to the fact that these categories are established in Sesotho on the basis of notional distinctions. This study aims to examine comprehensively, firstly, the morphosyntactic system of Sesotho, in order to determine the range of categories that express grammatical aspect, which includes the Perfective and Imperfective aspects in Sesotho. The perfective-imperfective opposition is a particular area of focus in this study, and comprises the different tenses which are involved in the meaning of the situation types (activities, achievements, accomplishments and states). In this regard, questions relating to the distinctive properties of tense and aspect in Sesotho, namely: (i) the aspect categories that occur in the full range of tenses in Sesotho, (ii) the aspect categories that occur in deficient verb constructions, and (iii) the theoretical treatment of the relationship between aspect and the aspectual classes of verbs (activities, achievements, accomplishments and states) in Sesotho, undergo detailed examination and investigation in this study. Secondly, the study both defines and explores the theoretical frameworks pertaining to the analysis of: (i) the correlation between the Sesotho aspect system and the relationship between situation types and grammatical aspects in Sesotho, (ii) the distribution of aspectual classes of verbs with respect to grammatical aspect and temporal adjunct (for- adverbial and in- adverbial) categories in Sesotho, and (iii), the effect on telicity of certain complement categories on the inner temporal structure of aspectual verb classes. The study establishes the premise that the syntactic evidence for telic events in Sesotho usually turns on the feature of completion which involves the interaction of duration and a change of state. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate that the existence and application of the durative adverbial provides syntactic evidence for atelic events. The argument for the causes and dynamics of the telic/atelic dichotomy, as approached in this study, is based on crucial shifts which are triggered by either completive or durative adverbials when appearing with situation types.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wyse waarop aspek in Sesotho tot uitdrukking kom binne die raamwerk van die beginsels, eienskappe en meganismes van drie verskillende komponente van die grammatika, naamlik die sintaktiese, morfologiese en semantiese komponente, is binne ‘n breër konteks vasgestel. Die toepassing van die terme aspek en tempus/tydsaanduiding in die bestaande grammatikabeskrywings van die Sesotho werkwoorde, blyk egter problematies te wees. Dit moet grootliks toegeskryf word aan die feit dat hierdie kategorieë in Sesotho op grond van begripsonderskeidinge gevestig geraak het. Die doel van hierdie studie is eerstens om ‘n omvattende ondersoek van die morfosintaktiese sisteem van Sesotho te doen ten einde vas te stel wat die omvang van die kategorieë is wat grammatiese aspek uitdruk. Dit sluit die Perfektiewe en Imperfektiewe aspekte van Sesotho in. Die perfektum – imperfektumopposisie is ‘n besondere fokus area in hierdie studie en dit behels die verskillende tye van die werkwoord wat betrokke is die betekenis van die situasietipes (aktiwiteite, verrigtinge, afhandeling en toestande). In hierdie verband word vrae wat betrekking het op die distinktiewe eienskappe van tempus en aspek in Sesotho, naamlik (i) die aspekkategorieë wat in die volle reeks tye in Sesotho voorkom, (ii) die aspekkategorieë wat in gebrekkige/ontoereikende werkwoordkonstruksies en (iii) die teoretiese hantering van die verhouding tussen aspek en die aspektiese klasse werkwoorde (aktiwiteite, verrigtinge, afhandeling en toestande) in Sesotho in hierdie studie in besonderhede ondersoek en nagevors. Tweedens omlyn en verken die studie die teoretiese raamwerke wat betrekking het op (i) die korrelasie tussen die Sesotho aspeksisteem en die verband tussen situasietipes en grammatikale aspekte in Sesotho, (ii) die distribusie van aspektiese werkwoordklasse ten opsigte van grammatiee aspek en temporele adjunkkategorieë (vir – adverbiale en in – adverbiale) in Sesotho, en (iii) die effek op “telicity” telisiteit van sekere komplementkategorieë op die binneste temporele struktuur van die aspektiese werkwoordklasse. Die verhandeling poneer die premis dat die sintaktiese bewys vir “telic” telies gebeure in Sesotho gewoonlik die kenmerk van voltooidheid aktiveer wat die interaksie van tydsduur en ‘n verandering van toestand betrek. In teenstelling hiermee beoog hierdie tesis om te demonstreer dat die bestaan en toepassing van die duratiewe adverbiale aspek sintaktiese bewys verskaf vir “atelic” gebeure. Die argument vir die oorsake en dinamika van die “telic/atelic” digotomie, soos in hierdie studie benader, is gebaseer op deurslaggewende verskuiwings wat teweeggebring word deur òf voltooide òf duratiewe adverbiale aspekte wanneer hulle saam met situasionele tipes voorkom.
KGUTSUFATSO: Tshebediso ya aspekte Sesothong e sibollotswe ka moelelo o pharalletseng ho sebedisitswe moralo wa molawana o bontshang dikarolwana tse tharo tse fapaneng tsa kwahollopuo e leng: kahopolelo/sintheks, kahontswe/mofoloji, moelelo/ semanthiks. Tshebediso ya aspekte le lekgathe ke bothata bo teng ditlhalosong tsa kwahollopuo ya dihlopha tsa maetsi Sesothong. Bothata bona bo amana le dikarolo tse latelang: Lebaka ke hobane aspekte le lekgathe di thehilwe ho latela phapano ya tsona mekgahlelong ya Sesotho. Tabeng ya pele, boithuto bona bo hlahloba ka botlalo tshebediso ya kamano ya mantswe le dipolelo (morphosyntactic system) ho hlalosa lethathama la mekgahlelo e bontshang aspekte kwahollopuong, ho kenyelleditswe diaspkete tse bontshang phethahalo (Perfective) le tse sa bontsheng phethahalo (Imperfective). Phapano pakeng moelelo o bontshang phethahalo (Perfective) le tsa moelelo o sa bontsheng phethahalo (Imperfective) ke e nngwe e toboketswang ka hara boithuto bona e bile e na le mefuta e fapaneng ya lekgathe mmoho le dihlopha tsa maetsi a bontshang (ketso (activity), phihlello e bontshang nako e telele (accomplishment), phihlello e etsahalang ka potlako (achievement) le boemo (state)). Ka tsela ena dipotso tse tobaneng le ditshobotsi tsa lekgathe le aspekte Sesothong, e leng (i) mekgahlelo ya aspekte e fumanwang lethathamong la lekgathe Sesothong, (ii) mekgahlelong ya aspekte e fumanwang dipolelong tsa mahaelli/mathusi, le (iii) mohopolo wa tshebediso ya kamano e teng pakeng tsa aspekte le dihlopha tsa maetsi a yona a bontshang (ketso (activity), phihlello e bontshang nako e telele (accomplishment), phihlello e etsahalang ka potlako (achievement) le boemo (state)) Sesothong. Tabeng ya bobedi, boithuto bona bo hlalosa ka bophara moralo wa mohopolo o amanang le manollo ya: (i) kamano e teng pakeng tsa tshebetso ya aspekte Sesothong le dihlopha tsa maetsi le kwahollopuo ya aspekte Sesothong, (ii) kabo ya dihlopha tsa maetsi ho latela aspekte ya teng kwahollopuong le ho mahlalosi a bontshang nako (hora ekasitana le ka hora) mekgahlelong ya Sesotho, hammoho le (iii) sekgahla sa mekgahlelo ya dipolelwana tsa tlatsetso tse itseng tse bontshang ketso e tswellang pele kapa e phethahatsang ho latela sebopeho se ka hare sa nako sa dihlopha tsa maetsi. Boithuto bona bo fumane bopaki ba dipolelo Sesothong hore diketso tse totobatsang phethahatso ya ditshobotsi tsa moelelo wa ketso e hlalosang phetelo/qetelo Sesothong di kenyelleditse le tshebedisano pakeng tsa botswelli le phetoho ya boemo. Le ha ho le jwalo boithuto bona bo rerile ho senola boteng le tshebediso ya mahlalosi a nako (hora le ka hora) a bontshang botswelli mme a nehelana ka bopaki bo netefatsang ketso e sa phethahalang mme e ka ikemela ka boyona e se na pheletso kapa diphetoho moelelong. Boithutong bona, bo bontshitse mabaka a phapanyetsano tshebedisong a thehilweng hodima ho phethahala le ho se phethahale le ho ritsa ha moelelo ho bakwang ke mahlalosi a bontshang phethahatso le botswelli ha a hlahella hammoho le dipolelo tsa dihlopha tsa maetsi.
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Dhiabi, Tijani. "Polysémie et polyfonctionnalité du mot "si" : propriétés syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques en français préclassique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2001/document.
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S’inscrivant dans le cadre des recherches portant sur les changements linguistiques, cette thèse a une double visée : d’une part, élaborer une description de tous les emplois du mot si en français préclassique et, d’autre part, signaler les formes en usages à l’époque préclassique qui ont disparu au bénéfice de nouvelles formes devenues en usage en français moderne. La première partie constitue un état des connaissances sur le terme si depuis les remarqueurs de la langue préclassique jusqu’aux recherches contemporaines. Les deuxième et troisième parties sont consacrées à l’étude des emplois adverbiaux et conjonctionnels du mot si tel qu’ils se manifestaient dans la langue préclassique. Cette étude, s’appuyant sur des exemples empruntés à des œuvres littéraires du début, du milieu et de la fin de la période allant de 1550 jusqu’à 1650, se situe dans la lignée des théoriciens des approches de l’analyse du discours dont les postulats permettent de rendre compte des différents types d’analyse syntaxiques, sémantiques, énonciatives et pragmatiques. Ainsi, le si préclassique, s’il partage des propriétés communes avec ses emplois modernes, s’en singularise toutefois sur quelques points dans la mesure où aucun emploi de la langue préclassique ne correspond parfaitement à son vis-à-vis de la langue actuelle. Malgré cette divergence, les emplois préclassiques du mot si tendent à s’écarter de ses usages de l’époque médiévale et à se rapprocher progressivement du système de la langue d’aujourd’huiThis thesis is a part of researches that deals with linguistic change has two main objectives. Firstly, to elaborate a full description of all the usages of the French word “si” (if) in pre-classical French. Secondly, to indicate the forms its uses in the pre-classical era, which is no longer used where they give way to other forms and other usages in French modern language. The first part deals with the history of the term “si” (if), dating from the pre-classic era to our contemporary age, however the second and the third examines the adverbial and conjunctional uses of this word as it appears in the pre-classical language. This study, which relies on examples taken from old literary works written during the beginning, the middle and the end of this era from 1550 to 1650, is on line with the theorists of Discourse analysis approaches whose postulates make it possible to account for the different types of syntactic, semantic, enunciative and pragmatic analysis. Then, the pre-classic “si” (if), if he shares common properties with its modern usage, there it is worth noting that no use of the pre-classical language corresponds perfectly to its current language. Furthermore, the modern “si” (if) is closer in its usage to modern than the medieval one. Despite this divergence, the pre-classical uses of the word “si” (if) tend to deviate from its uses of the medieval period and move progressively towards the system of the language of today
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Balla-Johnson, William R. "The Pluperfect First Hypothesis: The compound pluperfect as a necessary precondition of the perfect-to-perfective shift in Romance." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587492835330817.
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MENDES, Cataria Esposito. "Previsão de tensões residuais em juntas soldadas de painéis navais pelo método DPC." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17040.
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Programa de Recursos Humanos da Petrobras
A soldagem é um processo mecânico que une partes de componentes mecânicos, mas ao mesmo tempo, pode causar transtornos na montagem e operação desses componentes. Uma das grandes preocupações do processo de soldagem, é a tensão residual. Esse trabalho busca correlacionar os valores de tensões residuais longitudinal e transversais, com a tensão de recuo, fruto do efeito anisotrópico presente em chapas laminadas. As tensões residuais foram calculadas através do método teórico-experimental de deslocamento de pontos coordenados (DPC) e comparadas com o método consagrado de DR-X. O material utilizado foi um aço estrutural naval ASTM A131 Grau AH-36, soldado pelo processo MAG no sentido da laminação e transversalmente a ela. Após o processo de soldagem, foram feitos furos sobre a zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) e o cordão de solda. Suas coordenadas foram mapeadas a partir de um furo de referência, em uma máquina de medição por coordenadas (MMC). Posteriormente, as chapas passaram por um processo de alívio de tensão, onde ocorreram deslocamentos (escoamento) dos pontos em questão. A partir desses deslocamentos, as tensões residuais foram calculadas através da Lei de Hooke. Foi visto que os valores das tensões residuais calculadas pelo método DPC estão dentro do limite de tolerância dos valores medidos pelo método DR-X. A partir do ensaio de tração foi encontrada a tensão de recuo do material.
Welding is a mechanical process which helps join together parts of components, whilst at the same time, causes great setbacks if not well specified. One of many worries of the welding process are residual stresses left on the material. This work intends to relate longwise and crosswise residual stresses values through back stress, a result of the anisotropic effect of welded rolled steel sheets. Residual stresses were calculated through the theoretic-experimental method of displacements of coordinated points (DCP) and compared with the well-known X-Ray method. The used material was a naval structure steel ASTM A131 grade AH-36, welded by MAG process, both by rolling direction and transverse to it. After the welding process, the sheets had some points drilled over the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the weld bead, which were later mapped from an origin reference point by a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). Then, the sheets were submitted to an annealing heat treatment in which the previously mapped points would be displaced (yielding). From these displacements, residual stresses were calculated by using Hooke’s Law. It was seen that residual stresses values calculated by DCP method are within range of values measured by DR-X method. From the tensile strength test, the material back stress was found.
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Oliveira, FlÃvia Cristina CÃndido de. "SequÃncia narrativa: narrativa ou script? um estudo da infraestrutura em produÃÃes textuais de 6Â ano." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4816.
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nÃo hÃEsta pesquisa està centrada no estudo de produÃÃes textuais de alunos de 6 ano do ensino fundamental II, cujo gÃnero pertence ao conto popular. A abordagem dada ao tema teve como base pressupostos da LinguÃstica Textual, com Ãnfase no protÃtipo narrativo de Adam (1992; 2008) e no ISD de Bronckart (2007), especificamente, no tipo de discurso narraÃÃo. O objetivo à analisar a infraestrutura desses textos, verificando a presenÃa da sequÃncia narrativa ou do script, alÃm da construÃÃo do texto com as categorias: tempos verbais, organizadores temporais e pronomes. A pesquisa apresenta um carÃter teÃrico-prÃtico e à delineada em quase-experimental com um corpus que se compÃe de quarenta e duas (42) produÃÃes textuais divididas em produÃÃo inicial (PI) e produÃÃo final (PF). Essas produÃÃes textuais foram recolhidas durante um perÃodo de trÃs semanas com atividades, que tratavam das categorias citadas anteriormente, em forma de oficinas à luz das sequÃncias didÃticas de Schneuwly; Dolz (2004). A anÃlise levou-nos a observar que muitas das produÃÃes foram estruturadas segundo a sequÃncia narrativa de Adam (1992; 2008), outras, porÃm, apresentaram somente o script, conforme Bronckart (2007), comprometendo a infraestrutura textual de gÃneros do narrar como o que nos propomos a construir com os alunos do 6 ano. Apreendemos que os alunos possuem a estrutura narrativa internalizada, porÃm nÃo sabem distinguir entre o processo de intriga e o script, produzindo textos que apenas enumeram aÃÃes. Ao construÃ-los utilizam-se das categorias elencadas, priorizando os tempos verbais do narrar, apesar de em algumas situaÃÃes essas construÃÃes parecerem equivocadas. Os organizadores temporais, segunda categoria analisada, funcionam nesses textos como um elemento que auxilia os tempos verbais com as locuÃÃes adverbiais que se apresentam com maior incidÃncia. Na categoria pronomes, as construÃÃes apresentam anÃforas que demonstram o uso de um mecanismo da lÃngua, evitando repetiÃÃo de elementos no texto, o que constitui para um aluno em processo de desenvolvimento da escrita uma estruturaÃÃo de ideias. Acreditamos que a pesquisa constitui-se em uma reflexÃo teÃrica sobre a construÃÃo do texto narrativo de alunos de 6 ano. Esperamos ter contribuÃdo para compreensÃo da importÃncia da diferenciaÃÃo entre um texto narrativo e um script. A relevÃncia dessa pesquisa està na compreensÃo dessas categorias na infraestrutura do texto que auxiliam o aluno a produzir gÃneros do narrar e ao professor compreender esse processo, valorizando e auxiliando o aluno na construÃÃo da produÃÃo textual narrativa.
This work aims at analyzing the text productions of the II level fundamental sixth grade, concerned to the genre of popular narratives. The approach given to the theme is based on Text Linguistics, emphasizing Adamâs (1992; 2008) narrative prototype and Bronckartâs (2007) sociodiscursive interactionism, particularly about the type of narrative discourse. The objective is to analyze the infrastructure of these texts, verifying the presence of the narrative sequence or of the script, as well as of the constructions with the following categories: verb tenses, temporal organizers and pronouns. This is a theoretical-practical research, which can be described as an almost experimental one, whose corpus is formed by forty-two (42) text productions, divided into initial production and final production. These text productions, which were done by workshops in the light of Schneuwly and Dolzâs (2004) didactic sequences, were collected in a period of three weeks, containing activities with the categories previously cited. We observed that a lot of productions were structured according to Adamâs (1992; 2008) narrative sequences. However, other texts presented only the script, according to Bronckart (2007), what can jeopardize the text infrastructure of narrative genres as we proposed to construct with these students of the sixth grade. We noticed that the students have the narrative structure internalized, but they can not distinguish the plot process from the script, producing texts which only enumerate actions. When they build them, they use the mentioned categories, prioritizing narrative verb tenses, although some of these situations appear to be wrong. The temporal organizers, which are the second category analyzed, have the function of an auxiliary of the verb tenses with the most frequent adverbial locutions. Referring to the pronouns, the constructions present anaphors which show the use of a language mechanism that avoids the repetition of text elements. This results in the constitution of a writing development process and an idea structure process by the students. We believe that this research consists in a theoretical reflection about the construction of narrative texts by students of the sixth grade. We hope to contribute to the importance of differing a narrative text from a script. The relevance of this research is defined by the comprehension of these categories to the text infrastructure, which help the students to product narrative genres, and the teachers to comprehend this process, valuing and helping the students in the narrative text production.
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Nardeli, Ingrid Campos. "O processo de aquisição/aprendizagem do passato prossimo e imperfetto por aprendizes brasileiros em contexto de instrução formal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-31082012-103458/.
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A partir da segunda metade do século XX, iniciaram-se os estudos sistemáticos sobre a aquisição/aprendizagem de segundas línguas assim como a observação e elaboração de métodos mais eficazes no ensino da L2. Este trabalho teve sua origem no interesse pela investigação da aquisição/aprendizagem dos verbos ditos do passado da língua italiana, passato prossimo e imperfetto por aprendizes brasileiros em contexto de instrução formal. Através da realização de uma pesquisa longitudinal, os alunos dos níveis II, III, IV e V dos cursos de Italiano no Campus, oferecidos pelo departamento de Letras Modernas da Universidade de São Paulo, foram submetidos a testes de dois tipos: produção de texto e de cloze. Os testes foram realizados em vários momentos do processo de aquisição da L2, tanto antes da aprendizagem explícita quanto depois. O primeiro objetivo era descobrir quais os efeitos das instruções explícitas e implícitas no aprendizado desses dois tempos verbais a curto e a longo prazo. O segundo objetivo consistia em investigar se no processo de aquisição/aprendizagem da L2 os aprendizes associavam os predicados télicos às marcas perfectivas e os predicados atélicos às marcas imperfectivas. Partindo dos pressupostos teóricos sobre aquisição/aprendizagem da L2 e ainda da análise do material didático utilizado pelos aprendizes, foram elaboradas hipóteses que pudessem explicar os resultados alcançados na pesquisa. Os verbos télicos foram associados primeiro à marca perfectiva, conforme algumas teorias já haviam pressuposto. Entretanto, através dos dados obtidos não foi possível verificar se, de fato, os verbos atélicos são associados diretamente à marca imperfectiva nos primeiros estágios da aquisição. Os dados fornecidos pela produção de 6 texto indicaram que os alunos não utilizam o passato prossimo em seguida à instrução formal, visto que as produções consistiram, principalmente, na utilização do tempo presente. Houve ocorrências consideráveis de verbos no presente nos níveis II e IV, o que não aconteceu no nível III, em que os alunos utilizaram mais o passato prossimo. Pode-se observar uma oscilação de uso da marca perfectiva dependendo do nível que os alunos cursavam, fato que pode ser explicado pelas atividades presentes/ausentes no livro didático. Em relação ao teste de cloze, verificou-se que os alunos em seguida ao aprendizado explícito do passato prossimo, nível II, já o utilizaram no exercício. Esse fato pode, talvez, ser associado ao tipo de atividade proposta no material didático em havia muitas atividades de cloze e transformação de frases, mas poucos que se relacionavam à produção de texto livre.From the second half of the twentieth century, systematic studies on the acquisition / learning of second languages began, as well as the observation and development of more effective methods in teaching L2. This work had its origin in research interest in acquisition / learning of verbs in past tense of the Italian language, passato prossimo e imperfetto, by Brazilian learners in the context of formal education. By carrying out a longitudinal study offered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literature at the University of São Paulo, the students in levels II, III, IV and V of the Italian courses in the Campus performed two types of tests: production of text and Cloze. The tests were conducted at various times of the L2 acquisition process, both before and after explicit learning. The first goal was to find out the effects of explicit and implicit instructions in the learning of these two tenses, in short and long term. The second goal was to investigate whether, in the process of acquisition / learning of L2, the learners associate telic predicates to perfective marks and atelic predicates to imperfective marks. Based on theoretical assumptions about acquisition / learning of L2 and also on analysis of teaching material used by the learners, hypotheses that could explain the results achieved in the research were developed. Telic verbs were first associated to the perfective mark, as some theories had assumed. However, it could not be verified by the data obtained if, indeed, the atelic verbs are directly associated with the imperfective mark in the early stages of acquisition. Data provided by the production of text indicated that students do not use passato prossimo after the formal education, since the productions consisted mainly in using the present tense. There was considerable 8 occurrences of present tense verbs in levels II and IV, but not for level III, in which students used more often the passato prossimo. One can observe an oscillation of use of the perfective mark depending on the level that students were attending, which may be explained by the activities present / absent in the textbook. Regarding the Cloze test, it was found that students, after the explicit learning of the passato prossimo, in level II, already used passato prossimo in the exercise. This fact may perhaps be associated with the type of activity proposed in the teaching materials, containing many Cloze and sentence transformation activities, but few activities related to the production of free text.
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Souza, Paola Nunes de. "Tensões criativas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/20955.
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Borges, Maikon Ronsani. "Otimização de um medidor portátil de tensões residuais /." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/78252.
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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T11:55:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T18:56:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 152861.pdf: 17511239 bytes, checksum: 6db73728cdb2669832191f40f39b377a (MD5)
Concepção, projeto e avaliação de um sistema portátil para a medição de tensões residuais em campo, que combina o método do furo com holografia eletrônica. Combinado robustez e praticidade, o medidor apresenta elevado grau de automação e miniaturização, o que viabiliza sua utilização na medição de peças de geometrias diversas, tanto em laboratório quanto em ambientes industriais. Os detalhes construtivos dos dois módulos constituintes do sistema são descritos. A análise dos resultados de medição obtidos e também a avaliação operacional são efetuadas. Futuras melhorias no sistema são apontadas.
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Santos, Roselene Aparecida dos. "Efeito da temperatura sobre a medição de tensão por ondas Lcr em aços API 5L X70." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263920.
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Orientador: Auteliano Antunes dos Santos JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O processo de medição de tensões mecânicas por ultra-som faz uso da teoria acustoelástica, que relaciona a variação na velocidade de propagação de ondas com as deformações no objeto sob análise. Ondas ultra-sônicas propagando-se em meios elásticos são fortemente influenciadas pelas condições ambientais. Além disso, os sistemas instrumentais ultra-sônicos também podem ser influenciados por características do método e do procedimento de medição. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo estudar o efeito da temperatura sobre o resultado do processo de medição de tensões por ultra-som para aços API 5L X70. Como tópico adicional, é apresentado o estudo dos efeitos da força de contato entre o conjunto de transdutores e a amostra sob análise e também da variação da freqüência dos transdutores. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas ondas longitudinais criticamente refratadas, que caminham paralelamente à superfície, logo abaixo desta. Os resultados mostraram que há uma influência significativa da temperatura sobre o resultado da medição e que esta influência pode ser quantificada. Embora a freqüência dos transdutores e a pressão de contato também influenciem, estas porém, podem ser controladas durante o processo de medição
Abstract: The measurement process of mechanical stresses by Ultrasonic waves uses the acousticelastic theory, which relates the variation of wave speed propagation with the deformations on the object under analysis. Ultrasonic waves propagating itself in elastic medium are widely influenced by environmental conditions. Besides, the ultrasonic instrumentation systems also can be influenced by the method and the measurement procedure. This research has the aim to study the temperature effects on the result of measurement process from stress by ultrasonic waves in API 5L X70. As additional topic, a study of the contact pressure effects is presented between transducer assembly and the sample under analysis and also the transducers frequency variation. Longitudinal critically refracted waves (LCR) were used in this survey, which travel parallel to the surface, just below it. The results showed a significant temperature influence on the measurement results and that influence can be quantified. Although the transducers frequency and the contact pressure were also influent in a measurement process, but both can be controlled.
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Dartois, Stephane. "Random Tensor models : Combinatorics, Geometry, Quantum Gravity and Integrability." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD104/document.
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Dans cette thèse nous explorons différentes facettes des modèles de tenseurs aléatoires. Les modèles de tenseurs aléatoires ont été introduits en physique dans le cadre de l'étude de la gravité quantique. En effet les modèles de matrices aléatoires, qui sont un cas particuliers de modèles de tenseurs, en sont une des origines. Ces modèles de matrices sont connus pour leur riche combinatoire et l'incroyable diversité de leurs propriétés qui les font toucher tous les domaines de l'analyse, la géométrie et des probabilités. De plus leur étude par les physiciens ont prouvé leur efficacité en ce qui concerne l'étude de la gravité quantique à deux dimensions. Les modèles de tenseurs aléatoires incarnent une généralisation possible des modèles de matrices. Comme leurs cousins, les modèles de matrices, ils posent questions dans les domaines de la combinatoire (comment traiter les cartes combinatoires d dimensionnelles ?), de la géométrie (comment contrôler la géométrie des triangulations générées ?) et de la physique (quel type d'espace-temps produisent-ils ? Quels sont leurs différentes phases ?). Cette thèse espère établir des pistes ainsi que des techniques d'études de ces modèles. Dans une première partie nous donnons une vue d'ensemble des modèles de matrices. Puis, nous discutons la combinatoire des triangulations en dimensions supérieures ou égales à trois en nous concentrant sur le cas tridimensionnelle (lequel est plus simple à visualiser). Nous définissons ces modèles et étudions certaines de leurs propriétés à l'aide de techniques combinatoires permettant de traiter les cartes d dimensionnelles. Enfin nous nous concentrons sur la généralisation de techniques issues des modèles de matrices dans le cas d'une famille particulières de modèles de tenseurs aléatoires. Ceci culmine avec le dernier chapitre de la thèse donnant des résultats partiels concernant la généralisation de la récurrence topologique de Eynard et Orantin à cette famille de modèles de tenseursIn this thesis manuscript we explore different facets of random tensor models. These models have been introduced to mimic the incredible successes of random matrix models in physics, mathematics and combinatorics. After giving a very short introduction to few aspects of random matrix models and recalling a physical motivation called Group Field Theory, we start exploring the world of random tensor models and its relation to geometry, quantum gravity and combinatorics. We first define these models in a natural way and discuss their geometry and combinatorics. After these first explorations we start generalizing random matrix methods to random tensors in order to describes the mathematical and physical properties of random tensor models, at least in some specific cases
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Angelini, Joceli Maria Giacomini. "Estudo de tensões residuais em policarbonato moldado por injeção." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267510.
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Orientador: Lucia Helena Innocentini MeiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar os resultados encontrados nos estudos de tensão e deformação de amostras de policarbonato (PC) moldadas por injeção. A determinação quantitativa da tensão residual, neste polímero amorfo, era um desafio. Para isto, vários estudos foram conduzidos e algumas técnicas foram utilizadas. Corpos de prova de tração e impacto, com e sem tratamento térmico de alívio de tensões ("annealing") foram acompanhados por luz polarizada para comparação das linhas de tensão antes e após relaxação de tensões. O ensaio de impacto foi realizado com posterior análise do mecanismo de fratura. A aplicação da teoria do mecanismo de fratura elástico linear (MFEL) foi realizada e a tensão crítica, (sigma c, determinada. Foram realizados os ensaios de tração com os corpos de prova apropriados, em três diferentes velocidades, na temperatura ambiente; o módulo de Young, assim obtido, foi utilizado para cálculos posteriores de tensão e deformação. A técnica de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) foi utilizada para analisar a superfície de fratura dos corpos-de-prova. Após os ensaios de tração, a estrutura diamante foi encontrada, inédita para policarbonato, mesmo à temperatura ambiente. Em pesquisa bibliográfica, até então, isto somente tinha sido encontrado para altas temperaturas. Espectroscopia Raman e Microscopia Óptica acoplada foram utilizadas, para microcorpos -de-prova de tração, sendo esta a aplicação pioneira a polímeros sem carga, para medidas de tensão e deformação. Corpos-de-prova em curvatura ou flexão também foram estudados. Foi tentada a construção de uma curva de calibração de tensão medida com "micro strain gage" ou micro-extensômetro, para baixa deformação, versus "shift" ou a alteração no espectro Raman.Medidas de deformação, por deslocamento na microscopia óptica, também foram tentadas, mas não houve significativas alterações nos comprimentos de onda das absorções Raman, nos espectros obtidos. Os melhores resultados na Espectroscopia Raman foram obtidos com aplicação de carga; por este meio, a posição do pico no espectro foi medida em função da força aplicada em uma determinada área, ou tensão. A faixa de carga aplicada foi no mesmo nível da tensão residual medida anteriormente pelo método do "hole drilling strain gage" para produtos de policarbonato [2]. As tensões residuais, tensões internas, tensões de moldagem, diferentes formas de tensões congeladas, tensões de tração, tensões de compressão, enfim, todas fazem parte do contexto total de tensão-deformação. Estes conceitos, bem como o acompanhamento de fissuras e trincas, devem também ser utilizados em estudos de termo e fotodegradações
Abstract: The aim of this work is to show the studies that have been made and the results found in stress and deformation of polycarbonate injection moulded sample. The quantitative evaluation of the residual stress in this amorphous polymer, was an challenge. For this, a lot of studies have been made and some techniques have been employed. The dumb-bell and impact test specimens, with and without "annealing", were followed by polarized light to compare the stress lines, before and after stress relaxation. The impact test has been made with later fracture mechanism analyses. The application of the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theories have been made and the critical stress, sigma c, have been calculated. With the dumb-bell specimens, had been made in the tensile test at three different rates, at room temperature; the Young's Modulus here obtained was used for later calculations of stress and strain. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used for to see the fracture surface of the samples. After the tensile tests, the diamond structure had been found even at room temperature; in literature survey, until now, this only was found at high temperature. Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy technique has been useful in micro dumb-bell specimens, to evaluation of stress, in one first application to polymers without fillers. Samples in bending state have been also studied. It was try to make the calibration curve of strain measured with strain-gauge, for low strain, versus the shift in Raman spectra. The measurement of strain, by displacement in optical microscope, also was tried, but no significally shift in Raman wave number was obtained. The best results have been got with application of load; in this way, the Raman spectral peak position have been measured in function of applied load in one determined area, or stress. The applied load range was in the same level of the residual stress measured earlier by the hole drilling strain gage method, for polycarbonate products. The residual stress, and ali kinds of stress citation, were understood in the whole of stress strain approach and this concept and evaluation of crazes and cracks should to be also used in thermal and photo degradation studies
Doutorado
Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais
Doutor em Engenharia Química
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Handschuh, Stefan. "Numerical methods in Tensor Networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-159672.
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In many applications that deal with high dimensional data, it is important to not store the high dimensional object itself, but its representation in a data sparse way. This aims to reduce the storage and computational complexity.
There is a general scheme for representing tensors with the help of sums of elementary tensors, where the summation structure is defined by a graph/network. This scheme allows to generalize commonly used approaches in representing a large amount of numerical data (that can be interpreted as a high dimensional object) using sums of elementary tensors. The classification does not only distinguish between elementary tensors and non-elementary tensors, but also describes the number of terms that is needed to represent an object of the tensor space. This classification is referred to as tensor network (format).
This work uses the tensor network based approach and describes non-linear block Gauss-Seidel methods (ALS and DMRG) in the context of the general tensor network framework.
Another contribution of the thesis is the general conversion of different tensor formats. We are able to efficiently change the underlying graph topology of a given tensor representation while using the similarities (if present) of both the original and the desired structure. This is an important feature in case only minor structural changes are required.
In all approximation cases involving iterative methods, it is crucial to find and use a proper initial guess. For linear iteration schemes, a good initial guess helps to decrease the number of iteration steps that are needed to reach a certain accuracy, but it does not change the approximation result. For non-linear iteration schemes, the approximation result may depend on the initial guess. This work introduces a method to successively create an initial guess that improves some approximation results. This algorithm is based on successive rank 1 increments for the r-term format.
There are still open questions about how to find the optimal tensor format for a given general problem (e.g. storage, operations, etc.). For instance in the case where a physical background is given, it might be efficient to use this knowledge to create a good network structure. There is however, no guarantee that a better (with respect to the problem) representation structure does not exist.
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Denny, Robyn M. "Dual Tense." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1302.
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This thesis is a description and analysis of work I produced at the University of New Orleans during my Graduate studies. My work centers on the theme of tension, human interaction, and the vulnerability and dominance of those interactions. I create paintings, drawings, and prints to articulate my theme of tension. These works of art are meant to describe the feeling of tension through my mark making.
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Almeida, Neto João de. "Uma análise comparativa entre modelos de dano contínuo dependentes do terceiro invariante e com múltiplos pontos de calibração." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/17276.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2014.Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2014-12-08T16:27:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JoaodeAlmeidaNeto.pdf: 4607654 bytes, checksum: 9faaa6fbeabdeb338285beaff44459e4 (MD5)
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Neste trabalho foram feitas análises e comparações de quatro modelos de previsão de dano contínuo para materiais dúcteis. Dois deles baseados na Mecânica do dano contínuo, Lemaitre e CDM Aperfeiçoado e dois deles baseados na Micromecânica do defeito, GTN e GTN Estendido. Foram considerados dois mateiras, aço 1045 e uma liga de alumínio aeronáutico, de modo a verificar a real melhoria nos novos modelos propostos, que advém dos dois modelos mais difundidos na literatura, Lemaitre e GTN. Uma revisão bibliográfica do todos os modelos foi feita. Foram elaboradas simulações numéricas para que fossem feitas as comparações, utilizando como base resultados experimentais. Foi possível constatar que os modelos modificados apresentaram bom desempenho quando em tensões cisalhantes. O desempenho pôde ser observado tanto na determinação do deslocamento correto para a fratura quanto na previsão do potencial local para início da fratura dúctil. Nota-se que para carregamentos predominantemente axiais, somente o modelo CDM Aperfeiçoado produziu previsões próximas as observações experimentais.
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Muller, Claire. "Médialité de la charte : caractérisation structurelle du genre textuel dans un corpus de chartes françaises inédites du XIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040286.
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En partant de l'édition et de l'élaboration informatisée d'un corpus de chartes franc-comtoises (AD de la Haute-Saône et du Jura) du XIIIe siècle en langue française, notre thèse étudie les caractéristiques syntaxiques des chartes en les considérant sous leur aspect de genre textuel. L'analyse poursuit le but d'éclairer les structures syntaxiques et discursives qui construisent la charte dans ses différentes parties en prenant en considération les stratégies médiales et communicatives mises en œuvre. En plus de l'analyse selon des modèles contemporains comme la macro-/microsyntaxe, des phénomènes de jonction et de connexion et de l'ordre des constituants syntaxiques, l'analyse complète des temps verbaux et des circonstants temporels nous a permis d'établir des caractéristiques propres au genre textuel, propre à un type de document à l'intérieur du genre, propre à une partie de discours du genre textuelThis work is based on the transcription and electronic edition of unedited charters from 1243-1296 in French language. It analyses the syntactical and discursive characteristics structuring the different parts of speech. The medial and communicative strategies of a charter are questioned with the help of recent models, like macrosyntax or the temporal semantics by Gosselin, always considering the specifics related to a certain type of text. Hence, phenomenons of junction and connection as well as the order of syntactical components are taken into consideration, a special focus is put on analyzing the organization and the meaning of tenses in the corpus
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Van, Zyl Augustinus Johannes. "Metrical aspects of the complexification of tensor products and tensor norms." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07142009-180520.
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Carlech, Leonardo Panicali. "Medição de tensões residuais em junta soldada com materiais dissimilares por meio do ruído magnético Barkhausen." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2010. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=271.
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NenhumaPara o aprimoramento da qualidade e confiabilidade dos equipamentos considerados de grande responsabilidade, existe a necessidade de promover maior controle das imperfeições que venham a ocorrer durante os diversos processos de fabricação. Dentre eles, observa-se que nos de soldagem, ocorrem fenômenos físicos e metalúrgicos, termicamente ativados, que resultam no aparecimento de dois tipos principais de imperfeições: tensões residuais e distorções geométricas. O estado de tensões residuais distribuídas nas juntas soldadas representa um fator importante na determinação do valor de carga aplicável e na vida útil do equipamento, para cada aplicação e está diretamente alinhado com o procedimento de soldagem envolvido na fabricação. Assim, o monitoramento do estado de integridade do equipamento, em serviço, deve ser realizado por meio da aplicação regular e periódica de ensaios não destrutivos, adequados às características das descontinuidades relevantes. Vários trabalhos demonstram a sensibilidade do ruído magnético Barkhausen como método complementar de caracterização de materiais ferromagnéticos, na verificação de características de sua microestrutura, tais como tamanho de grão e fases envolvidas e, também, para avaliação do teor de carbono, da presença de descontinuidades superficiais, distribuição de tensões mecânicas e características de resistência à fadiga e fratura. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo experimental sobre a utilização do método não destrutivo baseado na análise do Ruído Magnético Barkhausen - RMB para a detecção e medição de tensões residuais do aço ASTM A 508 de uma junta soldada dissimilar. Para tanto, foram estabelecidas medidas e análises do RMB Também, foram realizadas medidas com o furo central. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a viabilidade de aplicação do RMB como método de END na medição de tensões residuais em juntas soldadas de materiais dissimilares. Algumas limitações para a aplicação prática do método foram encontradas e são apresentadas.
With aim to improve the quality and reliability of great responsibility equipment, it is necessary to promote higher control over the flaws and discontinuities that could appear during the fabrication processes. Welding processes involve thermally activated metallurgical and physical phenomena, resulting in two main types of defects: residual stresses and geometric distortions. Distributed residual stresses state on welded joints represents an important factor to the determination of applicable loading and the lifetime of such equipment, for a particular application and is directly aligned with the welding procedure used for its fabrication. So, their integrity condition - in service - should be verified by means of regular and periodic application of nondestructive tests -- NDT, focused into the characteristics of the relevant flaws. Several studies demonstrate sensibility of magnetic Barkhausen noise as a complementary method useful to characterize ferromagnetic materials, to search some of their micro structural properties, such as: grain size and phases, and to evaluate carbon content, surface discontinuity presence, mechanical stresses distribution, and fatigue and fracture resistance characteristics. The objective of this work is to present an experimental study on the usage of magnetic Barkhausen noise MBN as a nondestructive method for the detection of residual stresses in a dissimilar ASTM A 508 welded joint. Correlations were established comparing the stresses values determined by the MBN analysis with those equivalent ones obtained by means of classical central hole drilling method. The achieved results pointed out the viability of the application of MBN to measure residual stresses in dissimilar welded joints. Some limitations for the practical implementation of such method were found and are mentioned.
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Shaer, Benjamin M. "Making sense of tense, tense, time reference, and linking theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30384.pdf.
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Shaer, Benjamin M. "Making sense of tense : tense, time reference, and linking theory." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34452.
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This study examines the forms and meanings of tensed and non-tensed clauses in English, and proposes an analysis of them that is 'Reichenbachian' in spirit and syntactic in orientation. The study considers tensed verb forms in simple sentences, focussing on 'present', 'future', and 'perfect' forms and their interaction with adverbials of temporal location; and those in complement, relative, and temporal clause constructions. It also considers three types of non-tensed verb forms--infinitives, gerunds, and 'bare infinitives'--in verb complements.The study demonstrates that the interpretation of tensed and non-tensed forms can be described in terms of Reichenbach's (1947) temporal schemata, which express relations between 'S' ('speech time'), 'R' ('reference time'), and 'E' ('situation time'). However, its central claim is that the tensed forms themselves are 'temporally underspecified', encoding relations between 'S' and 'R', and leaving the relation between 'R' and 'E' and the location and duration of both of these intervals to be determined by lexical properties of the verb and its arguments, temporal adverbials, and context. Non-tensed verbs forms have a similar syntactic representation, differing primarily in not fully encoding a relation between 'S' and 'R'. This claim is cashed out in terms of two devices: a feature system that expresses tenses as particular values of the feature matrix (Anterior, Posterior); and a device of 'tense linking', based on Higginbotham's (e.g. 1983) proposal for binding theory, which associates verbs with temporal adverbials or tensed Infl, and one (tensed or non-tensed) Infl with a higher one.
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Willemann, Daniel Pedro. "Desenvolvimento de uma roseta óptica para medição de tensões e deformações utilizando holografia eletrônica." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/84092.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metrologia Científica e IndustrialMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T06:14:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-26T02:54:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 181713.pdf: 32247582 bytes, checksum: 8cddc8303105738885ff56c6cde8e25a (MD5)
O conhecimento do estado de tensões que se desenvolve localmente em componentes e estruturas mecânicas nas condições de serviço é de grande importância para assegurar níveis satisfatórios de confiabilidade e resistência. A caracterização do estado de tensões em regiões localizadas é tipicamente realizada por rosetas extensométricas, isto é, um conjunto de três extensômetros de resistência previamente alinhados e posicionados. A instalação de uma roseta é trabalhosa: envolve a limpeza e preparação da superfície, o posicionamento e colagem do extensômetro, sua ligação elétrica e a aquisição ou registro do sinal. O novo tipo de interferômetro, o interferômetro radial, permite a medição de deformações e tensões com holografia eletrônica a partir de uma única condição de iluminação. Esta nova configuração permitiu a construção de um medidor compacto capaz de caracterizar o estado de tensões de um ponto. Citam-se como vantagens do novo dispositivo a sensível redução no tempo de instalação e a simplicidade operacional. Embora existam no mercado outros sistemas compactos para medição de tensões com holografia eletrônica, estes envolvem a combinação de várias condições de iluminação diferentes e, por isto, são mais complexos e caros. Este trabalho materializa um novo tipo de sistema que usa o interferômetro radial para a medição de um campo de tensões de maneira análoga a uma roseta extensométrica. Nele, são descritos as diretrizes de projeto e os detalhes construtivos do primeiro protótipo da Roseta Óptica. O modelo matemático para a determinação da intensidade e orientação das tensões principais é também apresentado. Por fim, os resultados das primeiras medições realizadas são discutidos, seguidos de algumas sugestões de melhoria para a construção de um segundo protótipo do medidor.
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Peixoto, Filho Flávio Tito. "Avaliação de sistemas de medição de tensões e tensões residuais em dutos." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87947.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metrologia Científica e Industrial.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T04:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 213463.pdf: 2026235 bytes, checksum: 3d2bcbe7f57bd75799fba8abf0aabdf5 (MD5)
No setor de petróleo e gás há uma preocupação constante a respeito das condições dos dutos nos quais produtos são transportados. A ocorrência de vazamentos, além de prejudicar a distribuição de produtos, pode provocar sérias agressões ao meio-ambiente. A monitoração das condições de operação de dutos que transportam gás e derivados de petróleo torna-se essencial. Uma dessas condições é o nível de tensões às quais o duto está submetido. Caso este nível ultrapasse os limites do material uma falha e potencial acidente irá ocorrer. As tensões mecânicas devido ao carregamento são consideradas nos cálculos de dimensionamento. Porém a medição de tensões residuais raramente é executada em campo, porque as técnicas hoje existentes são caras, de difícil aplicação ou de baixa confiabilidade. Um caminho alternativo vem sendo estudado há alguns anos pela UFSC, utilizando métodos ópticos na medição de micro-deslocamentos na superfície do material em prova, determinando-se então a deformação e, indiretamente, a tensão mecânica na estrutura. A idéia da construção de um dispositivo que efetuasse esse tipo de medição atingiu um amadurecimento recentemente com a concepção de um protótipo modular para medição de tensões mecânicas e tensões residuais. Este trabalho mostra a avaliação do sistema modular de medição de tensões mecânicas e de tensões residuais que utiliza o princípio da holografia eletrônica. Descreve os dispositivos de simulação de tensões de referência, os procedimentos de ensaio utilizados e, por fim, a apresentação dos resultados acompanhados das devidas conclusões.
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Taylor, John. "Time and tense." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267552.
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Delizoicov, Demetrio. "Conhecimento, tensões e transições." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1991. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75757.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de EducaçãoMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T04:09:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2013-07-16T17:14:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 82794.pdf: 5496467 bytes, checksum: 908c227678fb199a43f5a1b24c95f0cc (MD5)