Journal articles: 'Tensile strength'

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Liu, Jie, Gangyuan Jiang, Taoying Liu, and Qiao Liang. "The Influence of Loading Rate on Direct and Indirect Tensile Strengths: Laboratory and Numerical Methods." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 29, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3797243.

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To investigate different responses of direct and indirect tensile strengths to loading rate, direct and indirect tension tests were performed on sandstone, rust stone, and granite specimens. Typical load curves indicate that a peak tensile stress frequently appears before the second peak stress, used to calculate the tensile strength in indirect tension tests. As expected, increase in the loading rate increases the tensile strength. In addition, the calculated tensile strengths of the indirect tension tests are frequently higher. Interestingly, the increase ratio of the tensile strength with the increase in the loading rate in indirect tension tests is higher. To verify the above results, crack propagation and stress evolution in direct and indirect tension tests were dynamically monitored using PFC 3D. For direct tension tests, specimens fail at the peak tension point, corresponding to the tensile strength. However, for indirect tension tests, minor cracks, composing of continuous microcracks, form before the peak stress and accompany with the decreased slope of the compression curve. At the peak point, tensile stresses significantly concentrate at the crack tips and further cause large-scale crack propagation. In addition, the initiation stress instead of the peak tensile stress is closer to the tensile strength, obtained from the direct tests for the same loading rate.

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Liao, Wen-Cheng, Po-Shao Chen, Chung-Wen Hung, and Suyash Kishor Wagh. "An Innovative Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete by Applying the Strut-and-Tie Methodology." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122776.

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Tensile strength is one of the important mechanical properties of concrete, but it is difficult to measure accurately due to the brittle nature of concrete in tension. The three widely used test methods for measuring the tensile strength of concrete each have their shortcomings: the direct tension test equipment is not easy to set up, particularly for alignment, and there are no standard test specifications; the tensile strengths obtained from the test method of splitting tensile strength (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C496) and that of flexural strength of concrete (ASTM C78) are significantly different from the actual tensile strength owing to mechanisms of methodologies and test setup. The objective of this research is to develop a new concrete tensile strength test method that is easy to conduct and the result is close to the direct tension strength. By applying the strut-and-tie concept and modifying the experimental design of the ASTM C78, a new concrete tensile strength test method is proposed. The test results show that the concrete tensile strength obtained by this proposed method is close to the value obtained from the direct tension test for concrete with compressive strengths from 25 to 55 MPa. It shows that this innovative test method, which is precise and easy to conduct, can be an effective alternative for tensile strength of concrete.

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Wang, Peggy. "Tensile Strength." positions: asia critique 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-7913080.

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In studies of contemporary Chinese art, Lin Tianmiao’s work has been overwhelmingly discussed in terms of women’s crafts and maternal roles. Citing her use of embroidery and the female figure, these interpretations have led to broad and often simplified characterizations of her work as “women’s art.” In focusing exclusively on symbolic allusions to gender representation, these discussions overlook the possibility of more complex narratives arising from Lin’s artistic concerns. By starting from the formal, material, and spatial components of her work, this article reveals how Lin has enacted penetrating investigations into manifestations of resistance and tension between physical forms and objects. Replete with taut lines and trembling vibrations, her work scrutinizes the nature of her materials, their limitations, and relationships among different parts of an installation. By tracing such formal and spatial devices, this article reveals three central topics at the heart of Lin’s oeuvre: the insufficiency of language, the urgency of form, and latent visibility. The exploration of these abstract concepts helps us move away from overt symbolic readings of her materials. These topics help show how Lin uses her art as tactics of intervention for interrogating practices of classification in contemporary Chinese art. As such, this article does not discount commentary on identity or gender but, rather, allows for richer, interrelated frameworks for understanding both her work and how it has been historically treated.

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Windisch, Andor. "The tensile strength: The most fundamental mechanical characteristics of concrete." Concrete Structures 22 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32970/cs.2021.1.1.

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Concrete is an inhomogeneous building material. It has a considerable and reliable compressive strength and a relative low tensile strength which can be even exhausted locally under unfortunate conditions. It is quite obvious that the concrete tensile strength was always reprehended as the most unreliable concrete property. A simple relationship between tensile- and compressive strength is introduced. The mechanical background of the relation tensile- to compressive strength in case of ‘normal’ and high strength concretes is elucidated. Mechanical bond, too, relies completely on the tensile strength. In the design of structural concrete members the tension fields are more characteristic than the compression fields. Effective concrete strengths are not successful. Tensile strength can be applied as ‘yield condition’ for the lower bound solution in the theory of plasticity. The paper intends to contribute to the acceptance of the tensile strength as the more fundamental concrete characteristics.

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Makrides-Saravanos, Elli, and T. Rezansoff. "The effect of a chloride-based accelerating admixture on the tensile strength of concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-074.

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Compression and tension tests were performed on specimens made from high-early-strength concrete, where the strength acceleration was achieved by using a chloride-based accelerating admixture. Comparison with specimens made from concrete without the admixture showed that the concrete with the admixture was significantly weaker in tension for equal compressive strength.Curing times ranged from 3 days to 3 or 4 months while compressive strengths ranged from 16 to 37 MPa depending on the batch and the age at testing. Three types of tension tests, the standard split cylinder test, the standard modulus of rupture test, and a pull-out test were used in the study.Current design equations that relate tensile strength of concrete to the measured compressive strength may overestimate the actual tensile strength of high-early-strength concrete where acceleration is achieved through the addition of an admixture. These equations are found in provisions for anchorage, development, and splicing of reinforcement, shear and torsion strength, and the prediction of service load deflections. Key words: concrete, accelerated strength, tensile strength, admixtures, curing, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, strength correlations.

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Harada, Y., M. Ohmori, and Lei Wang. "Serration Phenomenon in High Purity Chromium." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.269.

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Serration phenomenon of sintered and cast chromium was investigated by means of tension test at various strain rates. With increasing test temperature, tensile strength decreased gradually at first and showed a minimum at a certain temperature. Above this temperature, the strength continued to increase to a maximum value. Serrated flow appeared between the temperatures of the minimum and maximum tensile strengths. Tensile ductility minimum was also observed around the temperature of the maximum tensile strength. Relation between the strain rate and the temperature T of the maximum tensile strength could be well described by an Arrhenius equation. Activation energy of 101.3kJ/mol found in the present study is in good agreement with the activation energy for diffusion of nitrogen atom in chromium.

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Kang, Su Tae, Jung Jun Park, Gum Sung Ryu, Gyung Taek Koh, and Sung Wook Kim. "Comparison of Tensile Strengths with Different Test Methods in Ultra High Strength Steel-Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHS-SFRC)." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.649.

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Ultra High Strength Steel-Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHS-SFRC) is characterized by very high compressive and tensile strength that is about 8 times of ordinary concrete, and high ductility owing to the addition of steel fibers. This paper investigates the relationship existing among the direct tensile strength, flexural tensile strength and splitting tensile strength of UHS-SFRC. Differently from ordinary concrete, it is found that the first cracking strengths in UHS-SFRC obtained through direct tensile test and splitting tensile test are similar, while the strength obtained from flexural tensile test is significantly larger than those from other tests. Based on the experimental results, relationships between the direct tensile strength and flexural tensile strength, between the first cracking strengths in direct tensile test and in flexural tensile test, and between the first cracking strength in direct tensile test and the flexural tensile strength are proposed.

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Efimov, V. P. "BRAZILIAN TENSILE STRENGTH AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH UNIAXIAL TENSILE STRENGTH." Фундаментальные и прикладные вопросы горных наук 8, no. 1 (2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/fpvgn2021080109.

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Eid, Rami, Avraham N. Dancygier, and Ghali Jaber. "Mechanical Properties of Low-Performance Concrete (LPC) and Shear Capacity of Old Unreinforced LPC Squat Walls." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 7310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237310.

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Low-performance concrete (LPC) is characterized by its low strength and commonly by the presence of large aggregates. This type of concrete was used for construction of load carrying, commonly unreinforced walls in old buildings. The resistance of these buildings with LPC squat walls (of relatively low height-to-length ratio), to in plane horizontal loads, was experimentally investigated in this study. The low compressive strength of these walls, well below that of standard concrete, requires estimation of the relation between the actual LPC compressive strength and its tensile strength, and identification of their failure mode and corresponding shear capacity when subjected to in plane horizontal loads. In this study, compressive and splitting tensile strengths of authentic LPC specimens were measured, and based on them, a relation between the compressive and tensile strengths is proposed. Then, diagonal compression tests were performed on authentic LPC specimens, as well as specimens made of standard concrete. These tests yielded the expected mode of failure of vertical cracking and their analysis shows that their shear capacity needs to be evaluated based on their tensile strength (rather than the flexural shear capacity of unreinforced concrete beams). Thus, the load-bearing (both horizontal and gravitational) capacity to prevent diagonal tension failure of an unreinforced LPC wall can be evaluated by comparing the LPC tensile strength to the major principal stress caused by the load. Assessment of the tensile strength can be based on the relation between the compressive and tensile strengths proposed in this work.

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He, Xi Xi, and Ping Fang. "Influence of Concrete Strength Grade and Age on Three Tensile Strengths." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.179.

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Uniaxial tensile strength is one of the important strength parameters of concrete. In this study, two test methods were applied to determine direct tensile strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of fly ash concrete specimens with the same cross section and different strength grades. Relationship among the uniaxial tensile, splitting tensile and flexural strength of concrete were researched. Furthermore, the influence of concrete strength and age to the three tensile strengths were specifically analyzed in the paper.

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Gao, Min, Zhengzhao Liang, Shanpo Jia, and Jiuqun Zou. "Tensile Properties and Tensile Failure Criteria of Layered Rocks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 6063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126063.

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Rocks are less resistant to tension than to compression or shear. Tension cracks commonly initiate compression or shear failure. The mechanical behavior of layered rocks under compression has been studied extensively, whereas the tensile behavior still remains uncertain. In this paper, we study the effect of layer orientation on the strength and failure patterns of layered rocks under direct and indirect tension through experimental and numerical testing (RFPA2D: numerical software of Rock Failure Process Analysis). The results suggest that the dip angle of the bedding planes significantly affects the tensile strength, failure patterns, and progressive deformation of layered rocks. The failure modes of the layered specimens indicate that the tensile strength obtained by the Brazilian disc test is not as accurate as that obtained by the direct tension test. Therefore, the modified Single Plane of Weakness (MSPW) failure criterion is proposed to predict the tensile strength of the layered rocks based on the failure modes of direct tension. The analytical predictions of the MSPW failure criterion agrees closely with the experimental and numerical results. In rock engineering, the MSPW failure criterion can conveniently predict the tensile strength and reflect the failure modes of layered rocks (such as shale, slate, and layered sandstone) with satisfactory accuracy.

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Biel, Timothy D., and Hosin Lee. "Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Concrete with Recycled Tire Rubber." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1561, no. 1 (January 1996): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156100102.

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Either portland cement or magnesium oxychloride cement was used as binders for concretes that incorporated fine rubber aggregate, ranging from 0 to 25 percent by volume. The concretes were tested for their compressive and split tensile strengths to determine whether the use of a magnesium oxychloride cement along with recycled tire rubbers would improve concrete properties. Failure of the concrete around the rubber particles was attributed to tension failure, leading to weak shear failure of the concrete matrix. Both portland and magnesium oxychloride cement concretes lost 90 percent of their compressive strength with 25 percent rubber by volume. The portland cement concrete retained 20 percent of its tensile strength, and the magnesium oxychloride cement concrete retained 35 percent of its tensile strength. Both compressive and tensile strengths of magnesium oxychloride cement rubber concrete were significantly higher than rubberized portland cement rubber concrete.

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Li, Xiao Fen, and Ping Ren. "Experimental Research on Tensile Strength of Premixed Concrete at Early Ages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.687.

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The splitting tensile method for the tensile strength of concrete is usually used in structural applications, so it is great important in the investigating the relation between the direct tensile strength and the splitting strength. But the relationship between the splitting strength and the direct tensile strength is not consolidatly confirmed at home and abroad. In order to obtain the exact results, the experimental apparatus for concrete of the direct tension are designed, which resolves the difficulty of ensuring that the load is truly axial. Tests of the direct tension are performanced on three different concrete mixes (C20,C40,C60) at 3, 7, 14 , 28 and 60 days and the test data do not scatter. The relations between the tensile strength and the cube compressive strength are obtained and a formula for investigating the relation between the direct tensile strength and the splitting strength are proposed.

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Maroušková, Aneta, and Jan Kubát. "SOLID BURNT BRICKS’ TENSILE STRENGTH." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 13 (November 13, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.13.0075.

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This paper deals with experimental testing of solid burnt bricks and mortar in pure (axial) tension. The obtained working diagrams will be further use for a detailed numerical analysis of whole brick masonry column under concentric compressive load. Failure mechanism of compressed brick masonry column is characterized by the appearance and development of vertical tensile cracks in masonry units (bricks) passing in the direction of principal stresses and is accompanied by progressive growth of horizontal deformations. These cracks are caused by contraction and interaction between two materials with different mechanical characteristics (brick and mortar). The aim of this paper is more precisely describe the response of quasi-brittle materials to uniaxial loading in tension (for now only the results from three point bending test are available). For these reasons, bricks and mortar tensile behavior is experimentally tested and the obtained results are discussed.

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Závacký, Martin. "A COMPARISON OF TESTING METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SPRAYED CONCRETE TENSILE STRENGTH." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 23 (July 30, 2019): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.23.0054.

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Sprayed concrete is important construction material in tunnelling. Primary lining is essential in NATM where the sprayed concrete can be loaded by tension due to bending moments. The tension is common reason of failure because concrete has a relatively low tensile strength. The tensile strength is usually determined by splitting tensile test in laboratory. However, the results can be distorted because the specimen is not loaded by pure tension in this case. The paper compares results of concrete tensile strength determined by two methods: indirect by the splitting tensile test and direct by the modified tensile test.

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Re, Dino, Francesco De Angelis, Gabriele Augusti, Davide Augusti, Sergio Caputi, Maurizio D’Amario, and Camillo D’Arcangelo. "Mechanical Properties of Elastomeric Impression Materials: An In Vitro Comparison." International Journal of Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/428286.

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Purpose.Although new elastomeric impression materials have been introduced into the market, there are still insufficient data about their mechanical features. The tensile properties of 17 hydrophilic impression materials with different consistencies were compared.Materials and Methods.12 vinylpolysiloxane, 2 polyether, and 3 hybrid vinylpolyether silicone-based impression materials were tested. For each material, 10 dumbbell-shaped specimens were fabricated (n=10), according to the ISO 37:2005 specifications, and loaded in tension until failure. Mean values for tensile strength, yield strength, strain at break, and strain at yield point were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α=0.05).Results.Vinylpolysiloxanes consistently showed higher tensile strength values than polyethers. Heavy-body materials showed higher tensile strength than the light bodies from the same manufacturer. Among the light bodies, the highest yield strength was achieved by the hybrid vinylpolyether silicone (2.70 MPa). Polyethers showed the lowest tensile (1.44 MPa) and yield (0.94 MPa) strengths, regardless of the viscosity.Conclusion.The choice of an impression material should be based on the specific physical behavior of the elastomer. The light-body vinylpolyether silicone showed high tensile strength, yield strength, and adequate strain at yield/brake; those features might help to reduce tearing phenomena in the thin interproximal and crevicular areas.

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Zhang, Ju, Chang Wang Yan, and Jin Qing Jia. "Compressive Strength and Splitting Tensile Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Ultra High Strength Concrete (SFRC)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1441.

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This paper investigates the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of ultra high strength concrete containing steel fiber. The steel fibers were added at the volume fractions of 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.5%. The compressive strength of the steel fiber reinforced ultra high strength concrete (SFRC) reached a maximum at 0.75% volume fraction, being a 15.5% improvement over the UHSC. The splitting tensile strength of the SFRC improved with increasing the volume fraction, achieving 91.9% improvements at 1.5% volume fraction. Strength models were established to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of the SFRC. The models give predictions matching the measurements. Conclusions can be drawn that the marked brittleness with low tensile strength and strain capacities of ultra high strength concrete (UHSC) can be overcome by the addition of steel fibers.

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Lim, Myunghwan, and Changhee Lee. "Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Members with Steel Bars." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 4512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104512.

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The use of high-tension bars to strengthen flexural members is gaining increasing interest. However, the applicability of current standards to such bars is uncertain, because there may not be a definite yield strength and it may be unclear whether the tensile or compressive failure mode dominates. Determining the balanced–destruction steel ratio is particularly difficult. We measure the bending behaviour of flexural members containing high-tension bars with different yield strengths and tensile steel ratios. We conclude that the maximum-steel-ratio regulation and nominal -strength equation in the current standard remain applicable.

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Chukwunyelu, Christian Ebele, A. W. Nwosu, and Innocent Tochukwu Uzoghelu. "A Study on Tensile Strengths of Randomly Oriented Coir/Plantain Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polyester (CPFRP) Composites." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.2.1710.

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This study focuses on determining the optimum tensile strengths of randomly oriented coir/plantain hybrid fiber reinforced polyester resin composites. The control factors of volume fraction, coupling agent and coir/plantain fiber ratio were used in forming the samples. Tensile test was conducted on the samples of Coir/plantain empty fruit bunch (CEFB) hybrid fibers and coir/plantain pseudo stem (CPS) hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites respectively for the optimum tensile strengths. An OKH-600 Digital Display universal Testing Machine was used for conducting tensile tests in order to establish the control factor levels quality characteristics needed to optimize the mechanical properties being investigated. The highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) for the quality characteristics was investigated by applying Taguchi robust design technique for the greater-the-better. The optimum values of the control factors were established for CEFB and CPS hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites. The CEFB hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites has the optimum tensile strength of while CPS hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites has the optimum tensile strength of . The control factors contributed greatly to the tensile strength; and the CEFB hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites are less in tension than that of CPS hybrid fiber.

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Chukwunyelu, Christian Ebele, A. W. Nwosu, and Innocent Tochukwu Uzoghelu. "Study on Tensile Strengths of Randomly Oriented Coir/Plantain Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polyester (CPFRP) Composites." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.2.1710.

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This study focuses on determining the optimum tensile strengths of randomly oriented coir/plantain hybrid fiber reinforced polyester resin composites. The control factors of volume fraction, coupling agent and coir/plantain fiber ratio were used in forming the samples. Tensile test was conducted on the samples of Coir/plantain empty fruit bunch (CEFB) hybrid fibers and coir/plantain pseudo stem (CPS) hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites respectively for the optimum tensile strengths. An OKH-600 Digital Display universal Testing Machine was used for conducting tensile tests in order to establish the control factor levels quality characteristics needed to optimize the mechanical properties being investigated. The highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) for the quality characteristics was investigated by applying Taguchi robust design technique for the greater-the-better. The optimum values of the control factors were established for CEFB and CPS hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites. The CEFB hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites has the optimum tensile strength of while CPS hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites has the optimum tensile strength of . The control factors contributed greatly to the tensile strength; and the CEFB hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites are less in tension than that of CPS hybrid fiber.

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Shao, Yong Zheng, Nguyen T. Phong, Kazuya Okubo, Toru Fujii, Ou Shibata, and Yukiko Fujita. "Study on the Effect of Matrix Properties on the Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fabric Composites." Advanced Materials Research 646 (January 2013): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.646.38.

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Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced compositesusing different types of vinylester (VE)resin includingconventional VE resinhave been prepared. The mechanical performance were characterized by different tests, such as tensile, mode-I interlaminarfracture toughness, tension-tension fatigue and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The experimental results showed that the tensile strength of CF/VE composites changed at a wide range from 22.3% to 37.8% in comparison with the CF/conventional VE composite due to resin type, where the strain at failure was varying. The tensile strength increased with an increase of adhesive strength between carbon fiber and VE resin characterized by the microdroplet test. Namely, a good correlation between the tensile strength of composites and the adhesive strength was found. On the other hand, almost an inverse correlation was found between the tensile strength of composites and the interlaminar fracture toughness of composites obtained by DCB (double cantilever beams) tests. There was no apparent correlation found between the strain at failure for pure resins and the tensile strength of composites.Thefatigue life of CF/VE compositesincreased as well as the tensile strength with an increase of the adhesive strength between carbon fiber and the resin. The samples sometime survived 1000 times longer than that of CF/conventional VE compositewhen the maximum cycle stress was 70% of the tensile strength of the strongest composite.

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Al-Shekhli, Ali AR, and Isra'a Al Aubi. "Composite Diametral Tensile Strength." World Journal of Dentistry 9, no. 6 (2018): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1580.

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Efimov, V. P. "Brazilian Tensile Strength Testing." Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых, no. 6 (2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/ftprpi20210605.

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Efimov, V. P. "Brazilian Tensile Strength Testing." Journal of Mining Science 57, no. 6 (November 2021): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062739121060053.

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Nissen, J. A., E. Bodegom, L. C. Brodie, and J. S. Semura. "Tensile strength of liquidHe4." Physical Review B 40, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 6617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.40.6617.

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Zhou, Lang, Zhenqian Ma, Hongfei Xie, Wei Yang, and Hanghang Zheng. "Numerical Simulation Experimental Study of the Deformation and Failure of Granite with Multiaxial Tension." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050949.

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A numerical simulation method is proposed to study the deformation and failure rule of granite with multi-directional tensile stress, based on the importance of the rock tension. This investigation took into consideration the fact that the current experimental equipment cannot complete multi-directional tension experiments for rock. The deformation and failure rule of the granite material model with biaxial and triaxial tensile stress are studied using the numerical simulation software CASRock. The results show that in a biaxial tensile stress state, the tensile strength of granite decreases with the increase in the confining pressure, but the influence of the compression confining pressure on the strength reduction is greater than the tensile confining pressure. The number of cracks generated during failure decreases with the increase in the compressive confining pressure, and the inclination angle of the failure surface increases with the increase in the compressive confining pressure. In the three-direction tension stress state, the tensile strength of granite decreases slightly with the increase in the compressive confining pressure. However, when the compressive confining pressure in one direction is close to the uniaxial tensile strength, the tensile strength of granite will decrease quickly, and the failure result is similar to that of the uniaxial tensile failure.

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Gnandt, Ryan J., Jennifer L. Smith, Kim Nguyen-Ta, Lucas McDonald, and Lance E. LeClere. "High-Tensile Strength Tape Versus High-Tensile Strength Suture: A Biomechanical Study." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 32, no. 2 (February 2016): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2015.08.013.

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Saud, Abdullah F., Hakim S. Abdelgader, and Ali S. El-Baden. "Compressive and Tensile Strength of Two-Stage Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.585.

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An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the compressive, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of two-stage concrete (TSC) at different water-to-cement ratios. The primary objectives were to measure the elastic modulus, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of TSC and to determine if there is a quantifiable relationship between compressive and tensile strength. Behavior of TSC in compression has been well documented, but there are little published data on its behavior in tension and modulus of elasticity. This paper presents the experimental results of preplaced, crushed granite aggregate concreted with five different mortar mixture proportions. A total of 48 concrete cylinders were tested in unconfined compression modulus of elasticity and splitting tension at 28 and 90 days. It was found that the modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength of two-stage concrete is equivalent or higher than that of conventional concrete at the same compressive strength. Splitting tensile strength can be conservatively estimated using the ACI equation for conventional concrete.

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Yan, Chang Wang, Jin Qing Jia, Ju Zhang, and Rui Jiang. "Compressive Strength and Splitting Tensile Strength of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Reinforced Ultra High Strength Concrete (PFRC)." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.996.

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The marked brittleness with low tensile strength and strain capacities of ultra high strength concrete (UHSC) with compressive strength of 100 MPa can be overcome by the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of ultra high strength concrete containing PVA fibers are investigated this paper. The PVA fibers were added at the volume fractions of 0%, 0.17%, 0.25%, 0.34% and 0.5%. The compressive strength of the PVA fiber reinforced ultra high strength concrete (PFRC) reached a maximum at 0.5% volume fraction, being an 8.2% improvement over the UHSC. The splitting tensile strength of the PFRC improved with increasing the volume fraction, achieving 46.7% improvements at 0.5% volume fraction. The splitting strength models were established to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of the PFRC. The models give predictions matching the measurements.

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Yu, Ziruo, Zhiguang Li, Yuran Jiang, and Yue Wang. "Mechanical Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete Subjected to Biaxial Loading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (July 1, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9246692.

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To investigate the biaxial mechanical characteristics of reactive powder concrete (RPC), RPC plate specimens and bone-shaped specimens were tested under compression-compression and compression-tension loadings, respectively. The strengths and strains of the specimens were recorded, and the crack patterns and failure modes in various stress states were examined. Based on the test data, the characteristics of biaxial strength were analyzed, and a biaxial failure criterion was established. The characteristics of major stress-strain curves and failure modes in different biaxial stress states were determined. The results show that the ratio between the biaxial compression strength and the uniaxial compression strength was 1.44–1.58 for RPC. When the stress ratio under compression-tension was −0.05, the tensile strength decreased by 48%. Under compression-compression, the proportional limit of RPC was about 95%, and its peak strain was high. Under compression-tension, as the compressive stress increased, the elastic modulus decreased, and the peak strain in the tensile direction increased. When the RPC specimens were under compression-compression, the failure mode of RPC was splitting failure. Under compression-tension, the failure mode changed from single-crack tensile failure to multicrack compressive failure with increasing confining stress.

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Nafisi, Ashkan, Douglas Mocelin, Brina M. Montoya, and Shane Underwood. "Tensile strength of sands treated with microbially induced carbonate precipitation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 10 (October 2020): 1611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0230.

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During large earthquake events where bending moments within soil cements are induced, the tensile strength of cemented soil may govern the deformational behavior of improved ground. Several studies have been conducted to assess the tensile strength of artificially cemented sands that use Portland cement or gypsum; however, the tensile strength of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)-treated sands with various particle sizes measured through direct tension tests has not been evaluated. MICP is a biomediated improvement technique that binds soil particles through carbonate precipitation. In this study, the tensile strength of nine specimens were measured by conducting direct tension tests. Three types of sand (coarse, medium, and fine) were cemented to reach a heavy level of cementation (e.g., shear wave velocity of ∼900 m/s or higher). The results show that the tensile strength varies between 210 and 710 kPa depending on sand type and mass of carbonate. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed for each sand type to assess the ratio between tensile strength and UCS in MICP-treated sands. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and surface energy measurements were used to determine the predominant failure mode at particle contacts under tensile loading condition.

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Zhu, Yu Ting, Dong Tao Xia, and Bo Ru Zhou. "Experimental Study on Axial Tensile Strength of Low Volume Fraction of Ternary Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.329.

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In this paper, according to the national standard and testing methods,the direct tension strength,splitting tensile strength and cubic compressive strength test were carried out for 8 different groups of hybrid fiber (containing steel fiber, macro-polypropylene fiber and dura fiber) reinforced HPC specimens.The results showed that when the volume proportion of ternary hybrid fiber was less than 1%, there was not obvious influence for the concrete compressive strength, but the splitting tensile strength increased by 26% ~ 69%; the ratio between splitting tensile strength and compressive strength for HFRC increased to 1/12~1/9. When added 0.7% steel fiber, 0.19% macro-polypropylene fiber and 0.11% dura fiber, the confounding effect was the best. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of tensile splitting strength and direct tensile strength test and the results of tests, the concept of equivalent tensile strength and calculative formula was put forward .

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Abe, Yohei, Ken-Ichiro Mori, and Ryota Kosaka. "Improvement of Fatigue Strength of Hole Edge of Ultra-High Strength Steel Sheet by Punching Process Including Thickening." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.428.

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The effect of the hole edge shape formed by a punching process including thickening on the fatigue strength of the hole of ultra-high strength steel sheets was investigated. The bending and tensile fatigue tests of the thickened hole edge were performed. For the bending fatigue strength, the high height of hole edge was effective because of high bending stiffness. Although the high tensile stiffness was important for the high tensile fatigue strength, the shape of hole edge was alternative. To increase both the bending and tensile fatigue strengths, a compressive process in rollover of hole edge was added for the thickened sheet having a high bending fatigue strength. It was found that the thickened and compressed hole edge of ultra-high strength steel sheet was effective in improving both the bending and tensile fatigue strengths.

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34

Pan, Andrew, and Murray Grabinsky. "Mechanical Characterization of Cemented Paste Backfill." Eng 4, no. 1 (February 26, 2023): 738–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng4010044.

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Mechanical characterization is important to the design and analysis of cemented paste backfill (CPB) structures. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests have been widely used owing to their relative simplicity to characterize a material’s response to unconfined compressive loading. However, the UCS represents a single strength parameter and does not fully describe the material’s strength (or failure) envelope. In this study, we analyzed UCS tests with direct shear and uniaxial tensile strength tests conducted on the same CPB materials to provide mechanical characterization of CPB under a more complete range of loading conditions. The results demonstrate the Mohr–Coulomb failure envelope provides a consistent description of strengths arising from the three different test methods. Furthermore, a better estimate of the tensile strength is UCS/4, which is considerably higher than the conventional assumption that the tensile strength is equal to USC/10 or UCS/12. This has a significant impact on the assessed required strengths particularly for undercut designs using Mitchell’s sill mat analysis method and suggests that in future the conventional UCS tests should be complemented with direct tension and direct shear tests to improve underground designs using CPB.

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Wu, Chuan Bao, and Bo Qiao. "URSS/PVA/WP Composite Materials: Preparation and Performance." Advanced Materials Research 968 (June 2014): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.968.80.

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A novel kind of environmentally friendly composite materials containing upper part of rice straw segments (URSS), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and waste paper (WP) were prepared by hot-pressing at 140°C for 10 min. The tensile strength, tensile elongation and hardness of composites were measured. Results showed that the tensile strength and the strength at tensile break of the composites first increased and then decreased with increasing PVA content. Tensile strength was higher than the strength at tensile break at different PVA contents, indicating that URSS/PVA/WP composite materials had certain toughness. Otherwise, URSS/PVA/WP composite materials had higher tensile strength than URSS/PVA composites. The tensile strengths of them were respectively 9.25 MPa and 3.9 MPa when prepared at PVA content of 40%. The hardness of composites lay between 90 and 96. Negligible difference exists in every composite.

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Wang, Xing Guo, Zhao Xia Cheng, Yongchao Hao, and Yi Xin Wang. "Experimental Behavior of Reinforced Shotcrete with Low Fiber Content." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1976.

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Mixing three different fiber composites into concrete specimens respectively, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength for fiber-reinforced concrete was done. The results show that the strengths of fiber reinforced concrete are improved to some extent. Due to the addition of fiber, the fiber concrete bears some of the force in tension, thus the time from the initial crack to damage is more prolonged comparing with normal concrete. Fiber concrete specimens did not get the collapse and lower intensity suddenly. Compared with normal concrete, the maximum increase of the reinforced concrete with steel fiber SQB -32 (Ⅱ) is listed, which compressive, tensile and flexural strength are increased by 30%, 40% and 24%, respectively.

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Lin, Ye, and Bin Liu. "Study on Impact Resistance of C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites for Thermal Protection of the Aerospace Vehicle." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 21, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6255014.

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This paper evaluates the impact damage tolerance of ceramic matrix composites and contrasts their tensile and compression strengths under impact and nonimpact conditions. The representative C/SiC composites from PIP are examined under the dropped tip system. In this paper, the surface impact test of C/SiC composites is carried out. By testing a series of specimens of various impact energies, the tensile and compression properties after impact are studied. Meanwhile, by comparing the changes of the specimens after impact and nonimpact, the fracture process, fracture modes, and residual strength are investigated. The results indicate that the residual tensile strength after impact reduces greatly, compared with the nonimpact material, by about 25%–45%, while the compression strength reduces slightly. The residual strength of tension and compression illustrates that low-energy impact effect on the structural integrity must be given priority in the thermal protection structure design of astronautics and aeronautics.

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Abe, Yohei, Takato Saito, Ken-Ichiro Mori, and Toru Kato. "Mechanical clinching with dies for control of metal flow of ultra-high-strength steel and high-strength steel sheets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416683429.

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Ultra-high-strength steel sheets having a tensile strength of more than 1 GPa and a low ductility were joined by mechanical clinching with dies for control of metal flow. The bottom angle of the die was modified to increase interlocking between the sheets under avoidance of the sheet fracture. The effect of the die shape on metal flow in the sheet combination including an ultra-high-strength steel sheet was investigated by the finite element simulation and the experiment. As the tensile strength of the steel sheets increased, the joining range was narrow due to low ductility of the sheets. The static and fatigue strengths of the mechanically clinched joints were compared with those of the welded joints. Although the static loads of the mechanically clinched joints were smaller than those of the resistance spot welded joints in both tension-shearing and cross-tension tests, the fatigue loads of the clinched joints were larger. It was found that the mechanically clinched joint has superior fatigue strength.

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Santos, Olavo Francisco, João Paulo da Silva Costa, and Francisco Mateus Gomes Lopes. "Compressive and Tensile Strength of Artificially Cemented Dune Sand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 343 (July 2013): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.343.51.

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Artificial cementation is a technique commonly used to improve the mechanical properties of soils for use in geotechnical engineering works, because it often provides economic and environmental advantages. In order to study the factors that influence the behavior of cemented dune sand from Natal, series of unconfined compression and splitting tension tests were performed. These tests showed that increasing the cement content and decreasing void ratio are effective ways to improve compressive strength. The same applies to tensile splitting strength. It was also established that both unconfined compressive and splitting tensile strengths can be related to a quotient between volume of void-space and cement content.

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Dobrowolska, Ewa, and Barbara Lichaczewska. "The impact of crosshead speed on the strength of spruce wood (Picea abies L.)." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 109 (March 31, 2020): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3430.

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The effect of crosshead speed on the strength of spruce wood (Picea abies L.). This work examines the compression and tensile strength along the grain and bending perpendicularly to the grain of spruce wood was investigated at various crosshead speeds. The dependence of the immediate strength on the crosshead speed takes the form of an exponential function for compression and tension along the grain and bending perpendicular to the grain. The study showed that as the crosshead speed increases, the ultimate strength value increases regardless of the type of stress occurring. The bending strength is between the compression and tensile strength values. The strength for compression along the grain for the spruce wood tested is 50% of strength tension along grain length and 57% of the bending strength. The bending strength corresponds to 88% of the tensile strength.

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41

Guan, Xiqiang, Baofeng Huang, Zhan Li, Xiaofeng Ma, and Benliang Liang. "Characterizing Tensile Strength of Building Sandstone via Uniaxial Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Bending Tests." Materials 16, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093440.

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Sandstone is widely used a construction and building material. However, its uniaxial tensile strength (UTS) is not adequately understood. To characterize the uniaxial tensile strength of natural sandstone, three groups of specimens were fabricated for four-point bending, uniaxial compressive, and tensile tests. To characterize the evolution of the stress–strain profiles obtained via these tests, representative expressions were developed in terms of normalized strain and strength. The magnitude of the uniaxial tensile strength exceeded that of the four-point bending strength, indicating that the uniaxial tensile strength cannot be represented by the four-point bending strength. The experimental ratio of uniaxial tensile and compression strength (33–41) was underestimated by the empirical expressions reported in the literature. The suggested correction coefficient for the FBS is 0.25. The compressive modulus (Ec) was generally identical to the experimental results published in the literature, whereas the tensile modulus (Et) was overestimated. The experimental modular ratio, Et/Ec, ranged from 0.12 to 0.14; it was not sensitive to Poisson’s ratio, but it increased slightly with the compressive modulus. This work can serve as a reference for computing the load-bearing capacity of sandstone components under tension.

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42

Pandit, Girish D. "Experimental Study of Residual Tensile Strength of Drilled Composite." International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 5, no. 1 (2017): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2017.5.1.35-46.

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Liu, Qian, Jian Yang, Ye Hong He, and Jia Lu Li. "Effects of High Temperature on Tensile and Bending Strengths of T300 Carbon Fiber Three Dimensional Braided Composites." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.23.

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In this paper, the tensile and bending strengths of T-300 carbon fiber three dimensional braided/epoxy resin composites at 23 oC and 150 oC were researched. The results indicate that the effect of temperature on the tensile strength and bending strength of three dimensional braided composites is sentitive. However high temperature makes bending strength of 3D braided composites lost more than that of tensile strength of 3D braided composites. The average tensile strength of 3D braided composites at 150 oC is 65.06% of average tensile strength of 3D braided composites at 23 oC. The average bending strength of 3D braided composites at 150 oC is only 11.44% of average bending strength of 3D braided composites at 23 oC. This means that application temperature should be taken into account when 3D braided composites are used.

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44

Palungan, Musa Bondaris, and Mukhlis Muslimin. "Tension Strength and Fiber Morphology of Agave Cantala Roxb Leaves due to Liquid Smoke Immersion Treatment." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 27, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4653384.

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In this work, we investigate the fiber tensile strength of the Agave cantala roxb leaves based on the treatment of immersion in liquid smoke which was obtained from mature coconut shells. Four different time variations of treatments, namely, one hour, two hours, three hours, and four hours, have been carried out. After the immersion, we investigated the chemical contents of the Agave cantala using scanning electron microscope (SEM) which is equipped by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, the tension strength is tested using tensile strength plus 50 N. The test is applied for a single Agave cantala fiber. The results of the tensile test of single fiber showed an increase in tensile strength when compared with fiber tensile strength without immersion. The tensile strength of a single fiber of Agave cantala leaves increased with increasing duration of immersion time. After reaching a certain strength, however, the strength of the fiber decreases. The tensile strength of a single fiber without immersion is 192.85 MPa and the highest is 670.82 MPa for Agave cantala after immersion for three hours, with an elongation of 0.68 mm. By increasing the tensile strength of Agave cantala through liquid smoke immersion treatment, it can potentially improve its performance as a material composite reinforcement.

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45

Younis, B., L. Saienko, I. Kazimahomedov, and S. Salem. "Tensile strength of the pipe material determination according to the ultimate tensile strength." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 907 (August 26, 2020): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/907/1/012053.

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Li, Xiangyu, Fugang Li, Minzu Liang, Kefan Zhang, and Zhandong Tian. "Research on Dynamic Constitutive Model and Fracture Characteristics of Two High Strength Steels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2168, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2168/1/012016.

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Abstract 58SiMn and 50SiMnVB are commonly used shell materials in bombs, and their dynamic constitutive model and fracture properties directly determine the mass distribution of the bomb. Tensile tests were carried out on two high-strength steels, and the parameters of the yield point, tensile strength and plastic failure strain as well as the John-Cook model were determined. The fracture morphologies of the two steels in the quasi-static tension and in the dynamic tension were analyzed. The research results show that the yield strength of 58SiMn steel remains unchanged with increasing strain rate. The yield strength and tensile strength of 50SiMnVB increase as the rate of elongation increases, and the ability to plastically deform decreases, which shows the properties of embrittlement under high speed loading. With the same elongation rate, 50SiMnVB steel has higher strength and toughness. 58SiMn steel is a tensile brittle fracture from a macroscopic point of view and a quasi-split fracture from a microscopic point of view; 50SiMnVB steel is a mixed lap shear fracture under axial tensile load. With increasing loading rate, the tensile fracture tends to pure shear fracture.

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Ma, Jian, Yifei Huo, Ning Wang, Zhang Sun, Liang Bian, and Ruiyuan Huang. "Experimental Study of Dynamic Tensile Strength of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Using Modified Hopkinson Bar." Materials 16, no. 16 (August 20, 2023): 5707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165707.

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As a typical brittle material, the tensile strength of concrete is much lower than its compressive strength. The main failure mode of concrete buildings under explosive and impact loading is spalling, so it is crucial to understand the dynamic tensile performance of concrete. This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamic tensile strength of steel-fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC). Specimens of two different self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes (C40 and C60) and four different fiber volume fractions (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) are fabricated. Dynamic tensile strengths of SFRSCC are obtained using a modified Hopkinson bar system. The relationships between the dynamic tensile strength of the corresponding SCC mix, the quasi-static compressive strength, and the fiber volume fraction are discussed. An empirical equation is proposed. It is shown that SFRSCC with high compressive strength has higher dynamic tensile strength than low-strength SFRSCC for the same fiber content, and the dynamic tensile strength of SFRSCC possesses an approximately linear relation with the fiber volume fraction. The mechanism underlying this fiber-reinforcement effect is investigated.

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48

Nag, Ranajit K., Andrew C. Long, and Michael J. Clifford. "Influence of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibres, Yarns, and Composites." Conference Papers in Materials Science 2013 (October 24, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/956072.

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Jute yarns were treated by tap water with and without tension at room temperature for 20 minutes and then dried. Fibre and yarn strength were measured before and after treatment. Unidirectional (UD) composites were made by both treated and untreated yarns with and without applying hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as size material. Water-treated jute yarns without tension and composites made of those yarns showed decreased strength, and water treated jute yarns with tension and composites made of those yarns showed increased strength with respect to raw yarns and composites made of raw yarns. However, no specific trend was noticed for fibre tensile strength and tensile modulus. HEC sized yarns showed up to 12% higher failure load with respect to unsized yarns, and composites made of HEC sized yarns showed up to 17% and 12% increase in tensile strength and tensile modulus, respectively, compared to composites made of similar types of unsized yarns.

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Mohamed, Osama Ahmed, Waddah Al Hawat, and Manish Kewalramani. "The Correlation between Splitting Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength of Self Consolidating Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 753 (August 2017): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.753.326.

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Sustainable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is gaining popularity due to its contribution to reducing the environmental footprint of the construction industry. Sustainability of this type of concrete comes from the significant reduction in usage of ordinary cement and its replacement with reused minerals and industrial by-products such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and silica fume. In this study, the correlation between the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength is investigated by studying published data in the literature. Splitting tensile strength is determined through a simple test and flexural strength is obtained from flexural beam test. A correlation between the two measures of tensile capacity is essential to determine the flexural design strength knowing the splitting tensile strength, especially for SCC. A correlation is proposed in this paper to relate flexural and splitting tensile strengths for concrete in which cement was replaced by sustainable minerals and industrial by-products.

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Huang, G., Q. D. Zhang, and H. Li. "Molecular dynamics study of tensile-compressive behavior of silicon steel single crystal." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2047, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2047/1/012023.

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Abstract In this paper, molecular dynamics was used to model and simulate the silicon steel single crystal. The stress-strain curve of silicon steel single crystal in the process of tension and compression and the evolution law of single crystal structure defects in the process of tension and compression were studied. The results show that the tensile strength and compressive strength of the silicon steel model are not similar, the compressive strength is significantly higher than the tensile strength. The compressive strength is about 2 times of the tensile strength. This conclusion is qualitatively verified through macro experiments. The cluster defects and stress show a positive correlation. The number of dislocations in the compression process is more than that in the tension process, but the dislocation size is smaller than that in the tension process. The research in this paper will provide theoretical support for residual stress detection and reduction.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tensile strength'

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