Journal articles: 'Tensile tests'

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Liu, Jie, Gangyuan Jiang, Taoying Liu, and Qiao Liang. "The Influence of Loading Rate on Direct and Indirect Tensile Strengths: Laboratory and Numerical Methods." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 29, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3797243.

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To investigate different responses of direct and indirect tensile strengths to loading rate, direct and indirect tension tests were performed on sandstone, rust stone, and granite specimens. Typical load curves indicate that a peak tensile stress frequently appears before the second peak stress, used to calculate the tensile strength in indirect tension tests. As expected, increase in the loading rate increases the tensile strength. In addition, the calculated tensile strengths of the indirect tension tests are frequently higher. Interestingly, the increase ratio of the tensile strength with the increase in the loading rate in indirect tension tests is higher. To verify the above results, crack propagation and stress evolution in direct and indirect tension tests were dynamically monitored using PFC 3D. For direct tension tests, specimens fail at the peak tension point, corresponding to the tensile strength. However, for indirect tension tests, minor cracks, composing of continuous microcracks, form before the peak stress and accompany with the decreased slope of the compression curve. At the peak point, tensile stresses significantly concentrate at the crack tips and further cause large-scale crack propagation. In addition, the initiation stress instead of the peak tensile stress is closer to the tensile strength, obtained from the direct tests for the same loading rate.

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HAYASHI, Takeharu, Yoshinori EBIHARA, Hirohiko WATANABE, and Tatsuhiko ASAI. "Attempt to Stability Improvement on FEA of Tensile Tests, Tension-Compression Tests and Stress Relaxation Tests." Journal of Smart Processing 4, no. 4 (2015): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jspmee.4.207.

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Szeliga, Danuta, Jerzy Gawad, Maciej Pietrzyk, and Roman Kuziak. "Inverse Analysis of Tensile Tests." steel research international 76, no. 11 (November 2005): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200506099.

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Gassaa, Ramzi, Larbi Hemmouche, Riad Badji, Lionel Gilson, Luc Rabet, and Oussama Mimouni. "Effect of rotational speed and copper interlayer on the mechanical and fracture behaviour of friction stir spot welds of 5754 aluminium alloy." Metallurgical Research & Technology 120, no. 1 (2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023014.

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The application of joining processes requires advanced mechanical tests to control the joints’ quality. Generally, welded sheets are verified using tensile shear tests. However, few studies also recommend conducting tension peel and cross-tension tests. The present work evaluates the mechanical behaviour of 5754 aluminium sheets jointed by friction stir spot welding (FSSW). The influence of the rotational speed on joint strength was first compared to riveted assemblies. Then, sheets welded with pure copper interlayers were compared to the precedents. The results indicated that, without an interlayer, lower and intermediate rotational speeds lead to higher mechanical strength under tensile shear tests compared to riveted assembly. However, it performed worse under tension peel and cross-tension tests at all studied rotational speeds. By adding copper, the strength of welded sheets is globally improved under tensile shear tests. Nevertheless, under tension peel and cross-tension tests, it performed worse, although a slight improvement was observed for increasing rotational speeds. Two different failure morphologies and four fracture modes were observed regarding the different tested samples. Microhardness tests were also conducted, to relate the influence of the studied parameters on the joint’s strength.

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Urriolagoitia-Sosa, G., J. F. Durodola, and N. A. Fellows. "Determination of Tensile and Compressive Stress Strain Curves from Bend Tests." Applied Mechanics and Materials 1-2 (September 2004): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.1-2.133.

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A new inverse method has been developed for the simultaneous derivation of tensile and compressive stress strain behaviour from bending tests only. This new procedure can be applied to materials having asymmetric tensile and compressive stress strain behaviour and also materials that have been previously strain hardened (Bauschinger Effect). This paper presents results obtained using the new method and compares them with experimentally obtained tensile and compressive stress strain curves. The agreement of the derived stress strain data in tension and compression is encouraging.

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Stanciu, Mariana Domnica, Horațiu Teodorescu Drăghicescu, and Ioan Călin Roșca. "Mechanical Properties of GFRPs Exposed to Tensile, Compression and Tensile–Tensile Cyclic Tests." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060898.

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Currently there are many applications for the use of composites reinforced with fiberglass mat and fabrics with polyester resin: automotive, aerospace, construction of wind turbines blades, sanitary ware, furniture, etc. The structures made of composites have a complex geometry, can be simultaneously subjected to tensile–compression, shear, bending and torsion. In this paper we analyzed the mechanical properties of a polyester composite material reinforced with glass fiber (denoted GFRP) of which were carried out two types of samples: The former contains four layers of plain fabric (GFRP-RT500) and the second type contains three layers of chopped strand mat (GFRP-MAT450). The samples were subjected to tensile, compression and tensile–tensile cyclic loading. The results highlight the differences between the two types of GFRP in terms of initial elastic modulus, post yield stiffness and viscoelastic behavior under cyclic loading. Thus, it was observed that the value of the modulus of elasticity and the value of ultimate tensile stress are approximately twice higher in the case of GFRP-RT500 than for the composite reinforced with short fibers type GFRP-MAT450. The tensile–tensile cyclic test highlights that the short glass fiber-reinforced composite broke after the first stress cycle, compared to the fabric-reinforced composite in which rupture occurred after 15 stress cycles. The elasticity modulus of GFRP-RT500 decreased by 13% for the applied loading with the speed of 1 mm/min and by 15% for a loading speed of 20 mm/min.

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Kobayashi, Hidetoshi, Masashi Daimaruya, Osamu Shiozaki, and Yuji Yabe. "Lateral Compression Tests and Tensile Tests for Ceramic Tubes." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 61, no. 588 (1995): 1797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.61.1797.

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Hagengruber, Tyler, Mahmoud Reda Taha, Esteban Rougier, Earl Knight, and John Stormont. "Failure in Confined Brazilian Tests on Sandstone." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052285.

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Strength of rocks in the confined tension region, where the minimum principal stress is tensile, has only infrequently been measured and is not well understood. Quasi-static confined Brazilian tests under a range of confining stresses (2.76 to 27.58 MPa) where used to determine the strength of sandstone in the confined tension region. The test results indicate that the strength in the confined tension region was a strong function of the intermediate principal stress: increasing the intermediate principal stress significantly increased the strength of the sandstone. The strength data were well fit by the Mogi–Coulomb criterion, which accounts for the intermediate principal stress. Unconfined Brazilian strength data were not well fit to the Mogi–Coulomb criterion derived from the confined Brazilian test data, consistent with a transition from tensile to shear processes dominating failure with increasing confining pressure. Observations of post-failure fracture surfaces reveal more indication of shear processes with increasing confining pressure. Numerical simulations from combined finite-discrete element method are compared to the experimental results and reflect similar conditions for failure compared to the experimental tests in the confined tension region.

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Zhang, Longfei, Xiang Lan, Kechuan Wu, and Wenzheng Yu. "Tests and Seismic Response Analysis of Guided-Rail-Type Anti-Tensile Rubber Bearing." Buildings 14, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040992.

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When subjected to seismic activity, tall isolated buildings with a high aspect ratio are susceptible to overturning as a result of the failure of rubber isolation bearings under tension. In order to address this issue, a guided-rail tension device (GR) has been developed to enhance the tensile strength of rubber bearings. Furthermore, a novel guided-rail isolation rubber bearing (GR&RB) has been proposed as a potential solution. Quasi-static tests have been conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the GR, as well as the GR&LNR600 and LNR600. Additionally, numerical finite element analysis has been employed to study the seismic response of the GR&RB under El Centro seismic action in a high-rise building with an aspect ratio of approximately 4. The experimental results suggest that the inclusion of GRs has a limited effect on the horizontal mechanical attributes of rubber isolation bearings. Nevertheless, it simultaneously enhances their tensile strength, demonstrating a significant augmentation of 4.23 times. Moreover, the mechanical behavior of the GR aligns with the Hook model. The numerical analysis suggests that the utilization of GR&RB can mitigate the tensile stress levels of rubber isolators. Furthermore, it is recommended to augment the elastic tensile stiffness of the GR while reducing the open value to enhance the tensile efficiency, with the potential to attain up to 75% efficiency in tensile performance.

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Nafisi, Ashkan, Douglas Mocelin, Brina M. Montoya, and Shane Underwood. "Tensile strength of sands treated with microbially induced carbonate precipitation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 10 (October 2020): 1611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0230.

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During large earthquake events where bending moments within soil cements are induced, the tensile strength of cemented soil may govern the deformational behavior of improved ground. Several studies have been conducted to assess the tensile strength of artificially cemented sands that use Portland cement or gypsum; however, the tensile strength of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)-treated sands with various particle sizes measured through direct tension tests has not been evaluated. MICP is a biomediated improvement technique that binds soil particles through carbonate precipitation. In this study, the tensile strength of nine specimens were measured by conducting direct tension tests. Three types of sand (coarse, medium, and fine) were cemented to reach a heavy level of cementation (e.g., shear wave velocity of ∼900 m/s or higher). The results show that the tensile strength varies between 210 and 710 kPa depending on sand type and mass of carbonate. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed for each sand type to assess the ratio between tensile strength and UCS in MICP-treated sands. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and surface energy measurements were used to determine the predominant failure mode at particle contacts under tensile loading condition.

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Maire, E., V. Carmona, M. D. Michiel, and W. Ludwig. "Fast Tomography during Continuous Tensile Tests." Materia Japan 46, no. 12 (2007): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.46.822.

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Medrano, Ricardo E., and Peter P. Gillis. "Weibull Statistics: Tensile and Bending Tests." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 70, no. 10 (October 1987): C—230—C—232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1987.tb04883.x.

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Küsters, Niklas, and Alexander Brosius. "Damage characterization on heterogeneous tensile tests." Procedia Manufacturing 29 (2019): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.162.

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Bastias, P. C., S. M. Kulkarni, K. Y. Kim, and J. Gargas. "Noncontacting strain measurements during tensile tests." Experimental Mechanics 36, no. 1 (March 1996): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02328701.

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Pegoraro, M., L. Di Landro, F. Severini, N. Cao, and P. Donzelli. "Polyurethane network structure from tensile tests." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 29, no. 3 (March 15, 1991): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1991.090290312.

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Hartmann, Stefan, Rose Rogin Gilbert, and Carmen Sguazzo. "Basic studies in biaxial tensile tests." GAMM-Mitteilungen 41, no. 1 (April 2018): e201800004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gamm.201800004.

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Yamanaka, Akinori, Natsuki Nemoto, and Toshihiko Kuwabara. "Numerical Biaxial Tensile and Tension-Compression Tests of Aluminum Alloy Sheet Using Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.187.

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This paper presents the results of the numerical multi-axial material tests for predicting elastoplastic deformation behavior of aluminum alloy sheets under equi-biaxial tension and in-plane tension-compression stress states. In this study, we have performed the numerical biaxial tensile and tension-compression tests of a 5000-series aluminum alloy sheet using the crystal plasticity finite element method based on the mathematical homogenization method which has been developed by the previous studies. We found that the true stress-logarithmic plastic strain (SS) curves calculated by the numerical biaxial tensile test slightly deviate from those measured by the biaxial tensile tests using a cruciform specimen. On the other hand, the results of the numerical tension-compression test demonstrated that the predicted SS curves shows a reasonable agreement with those obtained by the experiment using the biaxial stress-testing machine with comb-shaped dies.

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Guan, Xiqiang, Baofeng Huang, Zhan Li, Xiaofeng Ma, and Benliang Liang. "Characterizing Tensile Strength of Building Sandstone via Uniaxial Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Bending Tests." Materials 16, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093440.

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Sandstone is widely used a construction and building material. However, its uniaxial tensile strength (UTS) is not adequately understood. To characterize the uniaxial tensile strength of natural sandstone, three groups of specimens were fabricated for four-point bending, uniaxial compressive, and tensile tests. To characterize the evolution of the stress–strain profiles obtained via these tests, representative expressions were developed in terms of normalized strain and strength. The magnitude of the uniaxial tensile strength exceeded that of the four-point bending strength, indicating that the uniaxial tensile strength cannot be represented by the four-point bending strength. The experimental ratio of uniaxial tensile and compression strength (33–41) was underestimated by the empirical expressions reported in the literature. The suggested correction coefficient for the FBS is 0.25. The compressive modulus (Ec) was generally identical to the experimental results published in the literature, whereas the tensile modulus (Et) was overestimated. The experimental modular ratio, Et/Ec, ranged from 0.12 to 0.14; it was not sensitive to Poisson’s ratio, but it increased slightly with the compressive modulus. This work can serve as a reference for computing the load-bearing capacity of sandstone components under tension.

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Luo, Huaan, Yinlong Zhu, Haifeng Zhao, Luqiang Ma, and Jingjing Zhang. "Simulation Analysis of Equibiaxial Tension Tests for Rubber-like Materials." Polymers 15, no. 17 (August 27, 2023): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173561.

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For rubber-like materials, there are three popular methods of equibiaxial tension available: inflation tension, equibiaxial planar tension, and radial tension. However, no studies have addressed the accuracy and comparability of these tests. In this work, we model the tension tests for a hyperelastic electroactive polymer (EAP) membrane material using finite element method (FEM) and investigate their experimental accuracy. This study also analyzes the impact of apparatus structure parameters and specimen dimensions on experimental performances. Additionally, a tensile efficiency is proposed to assess non-uniform deformation in equibiaxial planar tension and radial tension tests. The sample points for calculating deformation in inflation tensions should be taken near the top of the inflated balloon to obtain a more accurate characteristic curve; the deformation simulation range will be constrained by the material model and its parameters within a specific limit (λ ≈ 1.9); if the inflation hole size is halved, the required air pressure must be doubled to maintain equivalent stress and strain values, resulting in a reduction in half in inflation height and decreased accuracy. The equibiaxial planar tension test can enhance uniform deformation and reduce stress errors to as low as 2.1% (at λ = 4) with single-corner-point tension. For circular diaphragm specimens in radial tension tests, increasing the number of cuts and using larger punched holes results in more uniform deformation and less stress error, with a minimum value of 3.83% achieved for a specimen with 24 cuts and a 5 mm punched hole. In terms of tensile efficiency, increasing the number of tensile points in the equibiaxial planar tension test can improve it; under radial tension, increasing the number of cuts and decreasing the diameter of the punched hole on the specimen has a hedging effect. The findings of this study are valuable for accurately evaluating various equibiaxial tension methods and analyzing their precision, as well as providing sound guidance for the effective design of testing apparatus and test plans.

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Han, Yanqun, Xiandong Meng, Fan Feng, Xuming Song, Fanglin Huang, and Weibin Wen. "Study on Temperature-Dependent Uniaxial Tensile Tests and Constitutive Relationship of Modified Polyurethane Concrete." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 27, 2023): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072653.

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Modified polyurethane concrete (MPUC) is a new material for steel deck pavements. In service, the pavement is often cracked due to excessive tensile stress caused by temperature changes. In order to study the tensile properties of MPUC in the diurnal temperature range of steel decks, uniaxial tensile tests of MPUC were carried out at five temperatures. Three kinds of specimens and a novel fixture were designed and fabricated to compare the results of four different tensile test methods. The deformation of the specimen was collected synchronously by two methods: pasting strain gauge and digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Based on the experiment, the tensile mechanical properties, failure modes, and constitutive relations of MPUC were studied under the effect of temperature. The research results show that the novel fixture can avoid stress concentration. By observing the fracture surface of the specimens, the bonding performance is great between the binder and the aggregate at different temperatures. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of MPUC decrease with increasing temperatures, while the fracture strain, and fracture energy increase with increasing temperatures. The formulas of temperature-dependent tensile strength, fracture strain, and elastic modulus of MPUC were established, and the constitutive relationship of MPUC is further constructed in the rising stage under uniaxial tension. The calculation results show good agreement with experimental ones.

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TAKAHASHI, Y., M. DAIMARUYA, H. KOBAYASHI, H. TSUDA, and H. FUJIKI. "IMPACT TENSILE PROPERTIES OF YAG LASER WELDED BUTT JOINTS MADE BY DIFFERENT STEEL SHEETS FOR VEHICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208047304.

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The tensile properties of YAG laser welded butt joints using different high strength steel sheets with a tensile strength of 270 MPa, 590 MPa and 980 MPa (denoted HR270, HR590 and HR980, respectively) were investigated at static and dynamic rates, together with the three kinds of laser welded joints made by the same steel sheets. The impact tensile tests were performed by using the vertical type of split Hopkinson tension bar apparatus, while the static tensile tests were carried out using a universal testing machine INSTRON5586. The impact tensile strengths were significantly increased in comparison with the static ones due to the effect of strain rate, which might be the contribution of the part of HR270 base metal. And in both of static and impact tests, the fracture strains of HR270-HR590 joint, HR270-HR980 joint and HR590-HR980 joint were about one half of the fracture strains observed in the same steel welded joints of HR270-HR270, HR270-HR270 and HR590-HR590, respectively.

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Almaraz, Gonzalo Mariano Domínguez, Luis Miguel Torres Duarte, and Christian Jesús Torres Pacheco. "Tension-Torsion Fatigue Tests on the proton Exchange membrane Nafion 115, used in fuel cells." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 5 (October 15, 2021): 6840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n5-037.

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Fatigue tests under tension-torsion have been carried out on the membrane Nafion 115 (Perfluorosulfonic acid, PFSA). This polymeric material is a main component to construct fuel cells, used as proton exchange membrane. These membranes undergo mechanical loading of tension and torsion during its industrial life. A self-designed machine has been constructed to obtain the fatigue endurance on this polymeric material under tension-torsion and the following conditions: one magnitude for the torsion angle, five initial tensile stresses, room temperature, and environmental relative humidity, and frequency of 1.6 Hz. The experimental results show that fatigue endurance decreases with the increase of tensile stress when the torsion angle remains constant, as well as temperature and relative humidity (both taken at environmental conditions). Fracture surfaces were analyzed by SEM, in order to investigate the principal trends of crack initiation and propagation under this modality of fatigue loading. Se han realizado ensayos de fatiga bajo tensión-torsión en la membrana Nafion 115 (ácido perfluorosulfónico, PFSA). Este material polimérico es un componente principal para la construcción de pilas de combustible, utilizado como membrana de intercambio de protones. Estas membranas se someten a cargas mecánicas de tensión y torsión durante su vida industrial. Se ha construido una máquina de diseño propio para obtener la resistencia a la fatiga de este material polimérico bajo tensión-torsión y en las siguientes condiciones: una magnitud para el ángulo de torsión, cinco tensiones iniciales de tracción, temperatura ambiente y humedad relativa ambiental, y frecuencia de 1,6 Hz. Los resultados experimentales muestran que la resistencia a la fatiga disminuye con el aumento de la tensión de tracción cuando el ángulo de torsión se mantiene constante, así como la temperatura y la humedad relativa (ambas tomadas en condiciones ambientales). Las superficies de fractura fueron analizadas por SEM, con el fin de investigar las principales tendencias de iniciación y propagación de grietas bajo esta modalidad de carga de fatiga.

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Sippola, M., and K. Frühmann. "In situ Longitudinal Tensile Tests of Pine Wood in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope." Holzforschung 56, no. 6 (November 5, 2002): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2002.101.

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Summary To study wood fracture on its cellular level, small tensile specimens of pine (Pinus sylvestris [L.]) were fractured in situ in tension inside the chamber of an ESEM (Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope). Fractured surfaces of macroscopic tensile test specimens were also studied with an ESEM. The same kind of fracture phenomena were observed in both small and large specimens. The in situ tests proved to be reproducible and the results revealed typical fracture propagation0 directions and order in softwood under longitudinal tension. The gradual change of material properties of wood in the radial direction was found to strongly influence the fracture process.

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Sasaki, Katsuhiko, Ken-ichi Ohguchi, and Hiromasa Ishikawa. "Viscoplastic Deformation of 40 Pb/60Sn Solder Alloys—Experiments and Constitutive Modeling." Journal of Electronic Packaging 123, no. 4 (August 24, 1999): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1371927.

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This study first proposes a simple constitutive model for viscoplasticity, which includes the elastic, plastic, and creep strains independently. The plastic strain is evaluated by the flow rule employing back stresses evolved with a Ziegler type of hardening rule. The creep strain is evaluated by the modified Norton’s law. The applicability of this constitutive model is evaluated with pure tensile tests, creep tests and cyclic tension-compression loading tests, to demonstrate the progress of viscoplastic deformation of 40Pb/60Sn solder alloys. The tests were conducted over both several temperature ranges and strain rates. As a result, it was found that the material constants used in the constitutive model could be determined by simple tests such as pure tensile and cyclic tension-compression loading tests. The simulation by the constitutive model explains accurately the viscoplastic deformation of the 40Pb/60Sn solder alloys.

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Al Houri, Ausamah, Ahed Habib, Ahmed Elzokra, and Maan Habib. "Tensile Testing of Soils: History, Equipment and Methodologies." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091494.

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Tensile strength of soil is indeed one of the important parameters to many civil engineering applications. It is related to wide range of cracks specially in places such as slops, embankment dams, retaining walls or landfills. Despite of the fact that tensile strength is usually presumed to be zero or negligible, its effect on the erosion and cracks development in soil is significant. Thus, to study the tensile strength and behavior of soil several techniques and devices were introduced. These testing methods are classified into direct and indirect ways depending on the loading conditions. The direct techniques including c-shaped mold and 8-shaped mold are in general complicated tests and require high accuracy as they are based on applying a uniaxial tension load directly to the specimen. On the other hand, the indirect tensile tests such as the Brazilian, flexure beam, double punch and hollow cylinder tests provide easy ways to assess the tensile strength of soil under controlled conditions. Although there are many studies in this topic the current state of the art lack of a detailed article that reviews these methodologies. Therefore, this paper is intended to summarize and compare available tests for investigating the tensile behavior of soils.

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TAKAYANAGI, Tsutomu, Koichi KOBAYASHI, Makoto SAKAMOTO, and Yuji TANABE. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament by Tensile and Tensile-Torsional Tests." Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2003 (2003): 647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2003.0_647.

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Musteata, Andreea Elena, George Pelin, Mihail Botan, and Lorena Deleanu. "TENSILE TESTS FOR POLYAMIDE 6 AND POLYPROPILENE." Mechanical Testing and Diagnosis 8, no. 4 (January 15, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mtd.2018.4.02.

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Emmens, Wilko C., and A. H. van den Boogaard. "Incremental Sheet Forming Analysed by Tensile Tests." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.347.

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To study material behaviour under conditions encountered in ISF operations tensile tests have been carried out on material taken from the walls of pyramidal products. The shape of the stress-strain curves depend on orientation. Tests in the direction of punch movement show an overshoot indicating a change in strain path, tests across that direction do not. From this it is concluded that the major direction of deformation in the walls is perpendicular to the direction of punch movement. There is no indication of a severe deformation in the direction of punch movement, either stretch or shear. The level of hardening in the material is less than expected from the macroscopic changes in dimensions. Apparently the forming operation in ISF causes additional softening of the material

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Reinhardt, Hans W., Hans A. W. Cornelissen, and Dirk A. Hordijk. "Tensile Tests and Failure Analysis of Concrete." Journal of Structural Engineering 112, no. 11 (November 1986): 2462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1986)112:11(2462).

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Pincus, HJ, JP Giroud, M. Monroe, and R. Charron. "Strain Measurement in HDPE Geomembrane Tensile Tests." Geotechnical Testing Journal 17, no. 1 (1994): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10074j.

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Zdrazilova, Michaela, Zdenek Sokol, and Martina Eliasova. "Tensile tests of embedded laminated glass connections." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 603 (September 18, 2019): 052027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/603/5/052027.

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Malek, Benaïssa, Catherine Mabru, and Michel Chaussumier. "Multiaxial fatigue behavior of 2618 aluminum alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930009003.

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The purpose of the present research project is to study multiaxial fatigue behavior of 2618 alloy. The influence of mean stress on the fatigue behavior under tension and torsion is particularly investigated. Fatigue tests under combined tensile-torsion, in or out of phase, as well as combined tensile-torsion-internal pressure tests have also been conducted. Multiaxial fatigue results are analyzed according to Fatemi-Socie criterion to predict the fatigue life.

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Vaitkune, Evelina, Lars Bo Ibsen, and Benjaminn Nordahl Nielsen. "Bucket foundation model testing under tensile axial loading." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 5 (May 2017): 720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0301.

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The present study focusses on bucket foundation behaviour under long-term cyclic loading. The paper analyses testing results of a bucket foundation model exposed to cyclic tensile loading. The model, with dimensions of 1 m in diameter and 0.5 m in skirt length, was, installed in dense water-saturated sand. Slow monotonic loading tests and cyclic tensile loading tests were performed (up to 40 000 load cycles) including tests with mean cyclic loading in tension, which is a unique testing condition. High-quality data were documented for load, displacement, and pore pressure response. Conclusions have been drawn regarding static and cyclic loading stiffness and displacement development during long-term cyclic loading. Four cyclic loading tests induced partially drained soil conditions and showed that pore pressure can accumulate during the long-term loading. Post-cyclic monotonic tensile loading tests showed up to 25% reduction in load capacity of the foundation. The research results provide valuable information for the design of an upwind bucket foundation under a jacket structure.

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Das, B. M., S. C. Yen, and R. N. Dass. "Brazilian tensile strength test of lightly cemented sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-013.

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Tensile stress – tensile strain relationships for lightly cemented sand specimens obtained by conducting Brazilian tensile strength tests have been presented. The tensile strain measurement was done by using an optical image analysis technique. In addition to the tensile strength tests, some unconfined compression tests on sand specimens with varying cement contents were also performed. Based on the results of the above tests, a nondimensional tensile stress – tensile strain relationship has been presented. Also the variation of the tensile and compressive strength and strain ratios with varying cement contents have been discussed. Key words : lightly cemented sand, optical image analysis, tensile strain, tensile strength, unconfined compression strength.

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Makrides-Saravanos, Elli, and T. Rezansoff. "The effect of a chloride-based accelerating admixture on the tensile strength of concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-074.

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Compression and tension tests were performed on specimens made from high-early-strength concrete, where the strength acceleration was achieved by using a chloride-based accelerating admixture. Comparison with specimens made from concrete without the admixture showed that the concrete with the admixture was significantly weaker in tension for equal compressive strength.Curing times ranged from 3 days to 3 or 4 months while compressive strengths ranged from 16 to 37 MPa depending on the batch and the age at testing. Three types of tension tests, the standard split cylinder test, the standard modulus of rupture test, and a pull-out test were used in the study.Current design equations that relate tensile strength of concrete to the measured compressive strength may overestimate the actual tensile strength of high-early-strength concrete where acceleration is achieved through the addition of an admixture. These equations are found in provisions for anchorage, development, and splicing of reinforcement, shear and torsion strength, and the prediction of service load deflections. Key words: concrete, accelerated strength, tensile strength, admixtures, curing, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, strength correlations.

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Schümann, Kerstin, Udo Röhr, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, and Niels Grabow. "Conversion of engineering stresses to Cauchy stresses in tensile and compression tests of thermoplastic polymers." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2016-0142.

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AbstractThermoplastic polymers exhibit non-isochoric behaviour during tensile and compression testing as well as particular deformations like local necking (tension) or buckling (compression). A method for the determination of Cauchy stresses from tensile and compression tests is presented, that considers the actual deformations of the test specimens. The exact geometry of the specimens in the respective present configuration is determined in photographs, which are taken continuously throughout the test. The engineering stresses at several time points are converted into Cauchy stresses using newly developed formulas in consideration of the actual specimen geometry. For validation finite element analyses of the tensile and compression tests are performed using the identified stress-strain curves. The numerical results show good agreement with the experiments for the tested polymers. Thus a method for conversion of engineering to Cauchy stresses in tensile and compression tests could be established considering the non-isochoric deformation in plasticity. With this method “true” stress-strain curves as input for finite element material models can be identified for arbitrary materials.

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Shao, Yong Zheng, Nguyen T. Phong, Kazuya Okubo, Toru Fujii, Ou Shibata, and Yukiko Fujita. "Study on the Effect of Matrix Properties on the Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fabric Composites." Advanced Materials Research 646 (January 2013): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.646.38.

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Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced compositesusing different types of vinylester (VE)resin includingconventional VE resinhave been prepared. The mechanical performance were characterized by different tests, such as tensile, mode-I interlaminarfracture toughness, tension-tension fatigue and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The experimental results showed that the tensile strength of CF/VE composites changed at a wide range from 22.3% to 37.8% in comparison with the CF/conventional VE composite due to resin type, where the strain at failure was varying. The tensile strength increased with an increase of adhesive strength between carbon fiber and VE resin characterized by the microdroplet test. Namely, a good correlation between the tensile strength of composites and the adhesive strength was found. On the other hand, almost an inverse correlation was found between the tensile strength of composites and the interlaminar fracture toughness of composites obtained by DCB (double cantilever beams) tests. There was no apparent correlation found between the strain at failure for pure resins and the tensile strength of composites.Thefatigue life of CF/VE compositesincreased as well as the tensile strength with an increase of the adhesive strength between carbon fiber and the resin. The samples sometime survived 1000 times longer than that of CF/conventional VE compositewhen the maximum cycle stress was 70% of the tensile strength of the strongest composite.

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Guo, Ling Mei, Yan An Lv, Zhi Fang Deng, and Yang Wang. "Effect of Strain Rate on Tension Response of Filled Silicone Rubber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 863 (February 2017): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.863.112.

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Uniaxial tension tests for filled silicone rubber were performed at high strain rates using a split Hopkinson tension bar system. Quasi-static tension tests were carried out using an Instron-E3000 material test system. The grip fixture was designed to reliably connect the tensile specimen with the incident/transmitted bars. The method to increase the signal-noise ratio of the stress pulse in the transmitted bar was proposed. The effect of specimen gage length-to-width ratio on the stress-strain responses was experimentally studied. The suitable specimen geometry was determined by means of experimental investigation and finite element analysis. The automated grid method was used to capture the deformation information of the tensile specimen. Experiments indicate that the tension responses of silicone rubber exhibit the apparent hyper-elastic and rate-dependent characteristics. The values of tensile modulus increase with the increase of strain rate. The stress at a given elongation increases with the increase of strain rate.

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Kasapi, M. A., and J. M. Gosline. "Strain-rate-dependent mechanical properties of the equine hoof wall." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 1133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.5.1133.

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The mechanical properties of fully hydrated equine hoof wall were examined at various loading rates in compact tension (CT) fracture, tensile and three-point bending dynamic tests to determine possible effects of hoof wall viscoelasticity on fracture toughness and tensile parameters. Four cross-head rates were used in CT tests: 1.7 x 10(-5), 1.7 x 10 (-3), 1.7 x 10(-2) and 2.5ms-1; four strain rates were used in tensile tests: 1.6 x 10(-3), 3.2 x 10(-2), 0.33 and 70s(-1). Speeds for the highest test rates were achieved using a large, custom-built impact pendulum. Bending test frequencies ranged from 0.04 to 200 Hz. In CT tests, both the initial modulus Ei and the stress intensity factor K rose with increasing strain rate (from 0.38 to 0.76 GPa for Ei and from 0.71 to 1.4 MN m-3/2 for K), whereas the fracture toughness parameter J remained constant at 12kJm-2. All tensile parameters except ultimate strain were sensitive to strain rate. Ei, total energy to breakage and maximum stress rose with increasing strain rate from 0.28 to 0.85 GPa, from 5.4 to 9.7 MJm-3 and from 17 to 31 MPa, respectively. Data from low-amplitude dynamic tests agreed well with Ei trends from CT and tensile tests. Direction of crack growth differed through the thickness of the wall, the pattern of which resembled a trilaminar ply. Although scanning electron microscopic examination of fracture surfaces revealed a decreasing pseudo-ductile behaviour with increasing strain rate, and ultimate tensile parameters are positively affected, equine hoof wall viscoelasticity does not appear to compromise fracture toughness at high strain rates.

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Bondy, Matthew, Pouya Mohammadkhani, John Magliaro, and William Altenhof. "Elevated Strain Rate Characterization of Compression Molded Direct/In-Line Compounded Carbon Fibre/Polyamide 66 Long Fibre Thermoplastic." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 7667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217667.

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Compression molded direct compounded carbon fibre D-LFT was evaluated at quasi-static strain rates through uniaxial tension tests (including a specimen size study) and a variation of the ISO 6603-2 puncture test. No significant size effects were observed for the modulus or strength obtained from tensile specimens with four gauge lengths (6.25 mm to 57 mm). Failure strain decreased by 27.5%/29.9%, respectively, across the gauge length range for the 0°/90° directions. Intermediate strain rate (10 s−1 to 200 s−1) characterization was completed through uniaxial tension tests on a novel apparatus and ISO 6603-2 puncture tests. Intermediate rate tensile tests showed minimal rate sensitivity for the 0°/90° directions. Initial stiffness was 50% higher for ISO 6603-2 impact tests compared to quasi-static tests. Displacement at the onset of fracture was 95% lower for impact tests compared to quasi-static loading. The peak force/displacement at peak force were reduced for impact tests (21% and 20%, respectively) compared to quasi-static testing.

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Jen, Ming Hwa, Che Kai Chang, Yi Chun Sung, and Feng Chi Hsu. "Manufacturing and Mechanical Responses of Ti/APC-2 Nanocomposite Cross-Ply and Quasi-Isotropic Laminates at Elevated Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.796.

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Both Ti/APC-2 cross-ply and quasi-isotropic nanocomposite laminates were successfully fabricated. Basically, the tensile tests at elevated temperature were conducted to obtain the baseline data of mechanical properties, such as strength and stiffness. The results for both types of laminates of longitudinal stiffness predicted by the rule of mixtures (ROM) were in good agreement with experimental data, whilst, those ultimate strength predicted by ROM were lower than the measured data. Then, the tension-tension (T-T) constant stress amplitude cyclic tests were performed at elevated temperature to receive the S-N curves, fatigue strength and life. It is a surprise that almost no delaminations were observed in tensile and cyclic tests, even at elevated temperature and over a million cycles.

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Huo, Hong Yuan, Chen Jie Cao, Li Sun, Li Sha Song, and Tong Xing. "Experimental Study on Full Stress-Strain Curve of SFRC in Axial Tension." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.41.

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The tests were carried out to study the effects of the fraction of steel fiber by volume and the thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers on the axial tensile properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The strength grade of SFRC was CF40 with the fraction of steel fiber by volume varying from 0.5% to 2.0%, and the thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers varying from 0.8mm to 1.2mm. The tests were conducted by WAW-600 electric-hydraulic servo-type test machine. The results show that the axial tensile properties such as the axial tensile strength, the fullness of stress-strain curve, the tensile energy and the axial tensile toughness ratio are all improved obviously by the adding of steel fiber in concrete. The reasonable thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers is 1.0mm. The formulas for stress-strain relationship of SFRC in axial tension are proposed.

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Qu, Jia, Guang Ping Zou, and Pei Xiu Xia. "Experimentation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Tri-Axial Split Strength under Quasi-Static Loading and High Strain-Rate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 70 (August 2011): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.189.

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A split tensile test methodology has been established for the concrete spheriform specimens with the principal stress ratio of σ1:σ2:σ3=0.24:0.24:-1 in order to study the tensile-tensile-compressive tri-axial strength. Using a Universal Material Testing Machine and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar, the quasi-static and dynamic spliting tensile tests have been conducted for the concrete spheriform specimens consisting of 1% steel fiber. In the quasi-static test, the average strain rate of the steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens was 8.3×10-5s-1and the split tensile strength was found to be 0.77MPa, which is consistent with the existing literature. In the high strain rate tests, the average strain rate was 170s-1and the split tensile strength was found to be 1.01MPa. When compared with the quasi-static testing results, it is seen that the split tensile strength of the steel fiber reinforced concrete increases with increasing strain rate. The split tensile test methodology established in the present paper is simple and inexpensive, while the strength obtained located on the meridian plane of tension and compression, has practical significance.

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Ninčević, Krešimir, Thierry Guillet, Omar Al Mansouri, and Roman Wan-Wendner. "Aggregate Type and Concrete Age Effects on Anchor Breakout Performance: Large Database and Insights." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2024): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14052122.

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This contribution summarizes the largest available literature data collection on tensile and shear loaded anchor tests, obtained in two independent studies and performed by two different research groups. It was the objective of the two studies to investigate a possible effect that petrographically different coarse aggregate types may have on the tensile and shear load capacity for concrete breakout failure modes. In total, seven normal-strength and four high-strength concretes were tested at two different ages. Structural tests were performed on cast-in (tensile and shear tests) and post-installed adhesive anchors (shear tests). Parallel to the structural tests, each concrete was characterized in terms of compressive and tensile strength. Finally, the combined experimental data offer novel insights into the predictive quality of available design models for concrete cone capacity in tension and edge breakout in shear with respect to a potential aggregate effect. Systematic analyses indicate only minor aggregate effects after normalization by compressive strength (less than 7% difference between normalized values). However, the study reveals potential curing and concrete age effects where a 9% increase in predicted values is shown when concrete cures longer. The predictive equations remain conservative in comparison to all the investigated properties and their validity is shown in this study.

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Caicedo-Zuñiga, Joyner Esteban, and Gonzalo Fernando Casanova-Garcia. "Manufacture and mechanical characterization of composite material of carbon fiber with matrix of PEEK." Scientia et Technica 27, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22517/23447214.24826.

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In this study, a low-cost simple manufacturing process for a composite material of thermoplastic matrix PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK) and carbon fiber (CF) was developed. The composite material CF/PEEK was mechanically evaluated by three-point bending and tension tests, obtaining the elastic modulus and the maximum tensile stress respectively. Also, threads were made in the composite material and the strength of threads machined on the composite material was evaluated with tension tests. A comparison of the composite material CF/PEEK and the composite material of carbon fiber and epoxy resin (CF/EP) was performed, the elastic modules, peak tensile stresses and the strength of threads were compared. It was found that it was possible to produce the CF/PEEK composite at low cost by hot molding. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of the CF/PEEK were lower than those obtained in the CF/EP. However, the performance of the thread in tension was better for CF/PEEK compared to CF/EP.

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Krupnin, Arthur E., Arthur R. Zakirov, Nikita G. Sedush, Mark M. Alexanyan, Alexander G. Aganesov, and Sergei N. Chvalun. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of 3D-Printed Polylactide Laminate Composites’ Mechanical Properties." Materials 16, no. 22 (November 19, 2023): 7229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16227229.

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The purpose of this work is to theoretically and experimentally investigate the applicability of the Tsai–Hill failure criterion and classical laminate theory for predicting the strength and stiffness of 3D-printed polylactide laminate composites with various raster angles in mechanical tests for uniaxial tension and compression. According to the results of tensile and compression tests, the stiffness matrix components of the orthotropic individual lamina and strength were determined. The Poisson’s ratio was determined using the digital image correlation method. It was found that the Tsai–Hill criterion is applicable for predicting the tensile strength and yield strength of laminate polymer composite materials manufactured via fused deposition modeling 3D printing. The calculated values of the elastic moduli for specimens with various raster angles correlate well with the values obtained experimentally. In tensile tests, the error for the laminate with a constant raster angle was 3.3%, for a composite laminate it was 4.4, in compression tests it was 11.9% and 9%, respectively.

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TSUCHIDA, Noriyuki, Yo TOMOTA, and Kotobu NAGAI. "Tensile Properties Obtained by Static Tensile Tests in Ultrafine-grained Ferrite-Cementite Steels." Tetsu-to-Hagane 89, no. 11 (2003): 1170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.11_1170.

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Balakrishnan, S., and B. V. S. Viswanadham. "Evaluation of tensile load-strain characteristics of geogrids through in-soil tensile tests." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 45, no. 1 (February 2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2016.07.002.

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Grasset-Bourdel, Renaud, Arnaud Alzina, Marc Huger, Thierry Chotard, Robert Emler, Dietmar Gruber, and Harald Harmuth. "Tensile behaviour of magnesia-spinel refractories: Comparison of tensile and wedge splitting tests." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 33, no. 5 (May 2013): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.10.031.

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Mishnev, Roman, Nadezhda Dudova, Rustam Kaibyshev, and Andrey Belyakov. "On the Fracture Behavior of a Creep Resistant 10% Cr Steel with High Boron and Low Nitrogen Contents at Low Temperatures." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010003.

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An advanced, high chromium, creep-resistant steel was subjected to the tensile tests and three-point bending tests of Charpy V-notch specimens at temperatures of −196 to 20 °C. The steel exhibited ductile fracture under tension tests at all of the temperatures studied. The mechanical properties, i.e., strength and uniform elongation, were enhanced with a decrease in temperature down to −140 °C. Transgranular, dimpled fracture remained the primary fracture mechanism under tension. On the other hand, the results obtained with Charpy V-notch specimens suggested the ductile–brittle transition (DBT). Full embrittlement was observed at temperatures of −60 °C and −150 °C upon impact tests and three-point bending tests, respectively, when the unstable crack started to propagate without remarkable plastic deformation. The DBT temperature of −27 °C for the present steel corresponded to the 28 J impact transition temperature, T28J, when the maximum impact stress matched the maximal true tensile stress.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tensile tests'

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