Dissertations / Theses: 'Tension type headache'

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Montalva, Roen. "The Effects of Massage Therapy on Tension-Type Headaches: A Placebo Controlled Trial." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1157734709.

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Rundström, Elin. "Exercise in patients with tension-type headache : a systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86042.

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Abstract: Objective: This meta-analysis reviews the evidence for training in patients with tension-type headache on pain intensity and headache frequency. Method: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating training on patients with tension-type headache. Data was extracted by the reviewer. Methodological quality was assessed using risk of bias two and a meta-analysis was made using Revman 5. The quality of the evidence was calculated using GRADEproGDT. Results: Regarding pain intensity four studies were included (n = 330 participants). The meta-analysis indicates that training is effective in reducing pain intensity in patients with tension-type headache. This result does not reach a clinical important difference. The quality of evidence is moderate. For headache frequency three studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 290 participants). The meta-analysis showed that training is effective in reducing headache frequency in patients with tension-type headache. This change does not reach a clinical important difference. The quality of evidence for this result is high. Conclusion: There is moderate quality of evidence that exercise reduces pain intensity in patients with tension-type headache. There is high quality evidence that exercise reduces headache frequency in patients with tension-type headache. Neither of these results reach a clinically important difference. This may be due to the active control groups and needs to be researched further.

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Lewis, Kristin N. "Pain Modulation in Tension-Type and Migraine Headaches: The Offset Analgesia Effect." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1412688879.

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Rana-Rai, Devinder. "Experiences of living with and managing episodic tension-type headache in adults : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/31513/.

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Devinder Rana-Rai Professional Doctorate Health Psychology Experiences of Living with and Managing Episodic Tension-Type Headache in Adults: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Abstract Background: Research relating to the experience of headaches has, in the main, focused on the management of tension-type headache (TTH)/migraine, with limited research on episodic TTH. The current study aimed to explore the experiences of living with and managing ETTH through the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) (Smith, Flowers & Larkin, 2009). Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 9 volunteers (aged 18 years and over) from a community sample in the UK, self-selecting as having ETTH. Semi-structured individual interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Findings: Four superordinate themes emerged. The essential and versatile use of coping strategies, the intricate relationship between functioning and (dys)functioning, the use of self-care health behaviours to achieve self-regulation, and a love-hate relationship with health professionals and medication. The intention to use adaptive coping strategies and self-care health behaviours was compromised by demands of functioning and stressors (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The sharing of similar experiences of effective management strategies was beneficial and individuals were not fixed but versatile in their management of ETTH. Discussion: The results were used to underpin the following recommendations: a) further explore the utility of CBT-based interventions to promote awareness of stress in those affected; b) increase patient awareness of the barriers to effective self-care health behaviours; c) create face-to-face/on-line groups to empower individuals to self-manage ETTH effectively. Conclusion: This study showed that despite ETTH being classed as a ‘mild headache’ (Headache Classification of the International Headache Society [IHS], 2013), this condition is fraught with difficulties. Further research into ETTH is warranted to support and empower individuals in managing and living with ETTH.

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Laurell, Katarina. "Headache in Schoolchildren : Epidemiology, Pain Comorbidity and Psychosocial Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Neurology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5850.

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Headache is the most frequently reported pain in children and is associated with missed schooldays, anxiety, depressive symptoms and various physical symptoms. A secular trend of increasing headache prevalence has been suggested. Few studies have focused on tension-type headache among children from the general population.

The aims of this thesis were to describe the prevalence, incidence and prognosis of tension-type headache, migraine and overall headache in schoolchildren, to identify medical, psychological and social factors associated with these headache types, and to determine whether the prevalence of headache has increased over the last decades.

In 1997, 1850 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years from the city of Uppsala participated in a questionnaire study and 1371 (74.1%) responded. Out of these, a randomly selected, stratified sample of 131 children and their parents were interviewed. Three years later, 122 children from the interview sample replied to an identical headache questionnaire.

Compared with a similar study in 1955, a significantly lower proportion of schoolchildren reported no headache. The prevalence of tension-type headache increased with age and was significantly higher in girls than boys after the age of twelve. Similar age and gender differences were obtained for migraine. A higher proportion of girls reported frequent headache than boys. Children with headache, especially those with migraine, as well as their first-degree relatives suffered from other pains and physical symptoms more frequently than headache-free children and their first-degree relatives. Although the likelihood of experiencing the same headache diagnosis and symptoms at follow-up was high, about one fifth of children with migraine developed tension-type headache and vice versa. Female gender was a predictor of migraine and frequent headache a predictor of overall headache at follow-up. The estimated annual incidence for tension-type headache, migraine and overall headache was 81, 65 and 131 per 1000 children, respectively.

In conclusion, the results indicate that headache has become increasingly common among schoolchildren over the last decades. Prevention and treatment of headache is particularly important for girls since they have high prevalence of headache, frequent headache episodes and a poor outcome. In children with headache, diagnoses and treatment should be reassessed regularly and other pains should be asked about and treated as well.

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Bendik, Elise. "Joint Hypermobility Syndrome: A Common Clinical Disorder Associated with Migraine Headache in Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282579694.

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Sokolović, Emina. "Prevalence of tension-type headache and migraine among the employees of the Swiss University hospital, their impact on disability, headache management and economic impact for the employer /." Zürich, 2006. http://www.public-health-edu.ch/new/Abstracts/SE_18.10.06.pdf.

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Sörfeldt, Thomas, and Joel Nilsson. "Utvärdering av teoribaserad patientskola för patienter med huvudvärk." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-141237.

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Sammanfattning Syfte Syftet med studien var att utvärdera effekten av lektioner på en teoretisk patientskola, utifrån patienters skattade huvudvärk, huvudvärkshanteringsförmåga, aktivitetsbegränsning samt medicinkonsumtion vid huvudvärk. I syftet ingick även att undersöka hur deltagarnas kunskap, tankar och känslor om sin huvudvärk förändrats genom deltagandet i patientskolan. Syftet var även att undersöka deltagarnas förväntningar på lektionerna och om de uppfyllts. Metod Metoden som användes var av deskriptiv design samt single-subject experimentell design med ABA-format. Sammanlagt tre deltagare följdes före, under och efter interventionen. Antal mättillfällen varierade mellan 27 och 64 tillfällen. För samtliga deltagare var både pre- och postinterventionen en vecka lång, medan interventionen varade mellan 13 och 50 dagar. Deltagare fyllde dagligen i dagboksenkäter där de svarade på frågor bland annat gällande sin huvudvärk. Resultat Den första deltagaren försämrades genom studiens gång, utifrån skattad huvudvärk, huvudvärkshanteringsförmåga, aktivitetsbegränsning samt medicinkonsumtion. Tankar och känslor rörande huvudvärk hade inte förändrats mellan studiestarten och studiens avslut men hennes förväntningar hade ändå uppfyllts. Den andra deltagaren visade ingen minskning av huvudvärk under studien. Aktivitetsbegränsningen relaterat till huvudvärk sjönk i samband med att huvudvärkshanteringsförmågan ökade. Medicinkonsumtionen var genom hela studien hög och minskade inte. Den sista deltagaren visade en tydlig minskning av huvudvärk samt grad av aktivitetsbegränsning. Huvudvärkshanteringsförmågan påverkades inte nämnvärt av deltagandet. Slutsats Då uppföljningen på studieperioden var kort blev utvärderingen av deltagandet svår att göra. En längre uppföljning på studieperioden hade varit att föredra för att kunna visa på tydligare effekter av interventionen, eftersom beteendeförändringar kan ta tid att genomföras.
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lectures on a theoretic patient education program, regarding patients estimated headache, pain coping ability, activity limitation and drug consumption when experiencing headache. The purpose was also to investigate if the participant’s knowledge, thoughts and feelings about their headache changed through participation in the patient education program. The purpose also included to examine the participants expectations of the lectures and if these where fulfilled. Method The method used was a descriptive design as well as a single subject experimental design with an ABA-format. A total of three participants’ were monitored before, during and after the intervention. The number of measured occasions varied between 27 and 64. Pre- and postintervention was for all participants one week long, while the intervention varied between 13 and 50 days. Participants have daily filled out questionnaire diaries in which they answered questions about their headache. Results The first participant got worse throughout the study, regarding perception of headache, pain coping ability, activity limitation and drug consumption. Thoughts and feelings regarding headache did not change from the beginning of the study to its end, but her expectations was fulfilled. The second participant showed no decrease in headache during the study. Activity limitation related to headache decreased meanwhile the pain coping ability was increased. Medication consumption throughout the study was high and did not decrease. The last participant showed a distinct decrease of headache and level of activity limitation. The pain coping ability was not notably affected by the participation. Conclusion Because of the study follow up period being short the evaluation of participation was difficult to do. A longer follow up period would have been preferred to be able to show a more distinct effect of the intervention, because behavioural change often may take time to be carried out.

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SILVA, Gabriela Almeida da. "Análise dolimiar de sensibilidade dolorosa à pressão em mulheres com cefaleia primária durante as fases do ciclo mestrual." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18327.

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Introdução: A avaliação da percepção dolorosa em seres humanos é fundamental para a compreensão dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos e desenvolvimento de métodos de controle e manejo da dor. As alterações hormonais ocorridas durante o ciclo menstrual podem afetar diretamente o processo doloroso crânio facial em pacientes com cefaleia e influenciar o processo de cronificação da doença. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o limiar doloroso à pressão nas diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual e comparar os limiares entre as mulheres com cefaleia e o grupo controle. Métodos: Trata-se de uma série de casos. Foram incluídas no estudo 39 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 30 anos (22±2 anos), eutróficas. O algômetro (Wagner Force Dial) foi utilizado para graduar o limiar de dor à pressão nos pontos de acupuntura, no músculo trapézio, e nos ramos do nervo trigêmeo. Foram realizadas avaliações nas fases: menstrual (1° ao 3º dia), proliferativa (5º dia), ovulatória (14º dia) e lútea (22º dia) para todas as participantes do presente estudo. Resultados: Houve diferença entre as fases do ciclo menstrual apenas no grupo que não utiliza anticoncepcional, nos pontos VG20,no grupo CTT, entre fase menstrual e lútea (p=0,044) e menstrual e proliferativa (p=0,022); e no ponto IG4D, no grupo migrânea, entre as fases menstrual e lútea (p=0,018) e menstrual e ovulatória (p=0,014).Houve correlação negativa entre o limiar doloroso no ponto VG20 na fase lútea e a frequência das crises de cefaleia (p=0,012; r=0,396) e com o MIDAS (p=0,16; r=-0,383). O ponto IG4 direito na fase lútea está correlacionado à frequência das crises de cefaleia (p=0,002; r=-0,478) . O ponto IG4 direito na fase ovulatória está correlacionado a frequência das crises de cefaleia (p=0,013; r=-0,396). Conclusão: mulheres com cefaleia apresentaram menores médias de limiar de percepção dolorosa em comparação ao grupo saudável em todos os pontos avaliados. Foi identificada diferença significativa na variação do limiar de desconforto na migrânea no ponto IG4 direito e na CTT no ponto VG20 no grupo que não utiliza anticoncepcional, sendo a fase menstrual a menos sensível. O limiar de desconforto desses pontos está correlacionado positivamente com a frequência de crises de cefaleia.
Introduction: The assessment of pain perception in humans is important for the understanding of the pathophysiology and development of methods of control and pain management. The hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can directly affect the process painful craniofacial in patients with headache and influence the chronicity of the disease process. Objective: This study aims to analyze the pain threshold to pressure during the different phases of the menstrual cycle and compare the thresholds among women with migraine and the control group. Methods: This is a series of cases. The study included 39 women aged between 18 and 30 years (22 ± 2 years), eutrophic. The algometer (Wagner Force Dial) was used to measure the pain threshold to pressure on acupuncture points in the trapezius muscle, and branches of the trigeminal nerve. Evaluations were carried out in phases: menstrual (1st to 3rd day), proliferative (5th day), ovulatory (14th day) and luteal (22th day) for all participants of this study. Results: There was difference between the phases of the menstrual cycle only in the group that does not use contraceptives, on the VG20 point in the CTT group, between menstrual phase and luteal (p = 0.044) and menstrual and proliferative (p = 0.022); and on IG4D point,in migraine groupbetween menstrual phases and luteal (p = 0.018) and menstrual and ovulation (p = 0.014). There was a negative correlation between pain threshold in VG20 point in the luteal phase and the frequency of headache attacks (p = 0.012, r = -0.396) and the MIDAS (p = 0.16; r = -0.383). The right IG4 point in the luteal phase is correlated to the frequency of headache attacks (p = 0.002, r = -0.478). The rightIG4point in the ovulatory phase is correlated the frequency of headache attacks (p = 0.013, r = 0.396). Conclusion: Women with migraine had lower mean pain perception threshold compared to the healthy group in all points assessed. There was a significant difference in the variation of discomfort thresholds in migraine on the right IG4 point in CTT and on the VG20 point in the group not using contraception, with the menstrual phase the least sensitive. The discomfort level of these points is positively correlated with the frequency of headache attacks.

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Lagerlöf, Helena. "An individually tailored behavioural medicine treatment in physiotherapy for tension-type headache : A single case study of three patients." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27952.

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Bakgrund och syfte: Huvudvärk av spänningstyp (HST) är vanligt förekommande. Det finns oklarheter avseende både dess patofysiologi och olika behandlingars effekt. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva och utvärdera effekten av en individuellt anpassad beteendemedicinsk behandling i fysioterapi för patienter med HST. Metod: En single-case studie med A1-A2-B-A3-design av tre patienter med HST genomfördes. Utfallsvariabler var huvudvärksfrekvens (antal dagar med huvudvärk), huvudvärksindex (medelintensitet), konsumtion av smärtlindrande medicin, tro på sin förmåga avseende kontroll av huvudvärken, samt upplevd påverkan av huvudvärken på funktion i vardagsaktiviteter och på glädje i aktiviteter med familj och vänner. Resultat: Tro på sin förmåga avseende kontroll av huvudvärken ökade markant för 2 av 3 patienter. Huvudvärksfrekvens och huvudvärksindex minskade markant för en av patienterna. En av patienterna svarade först inte alls på behandlingen, men blev mycket bättre inför den sista uppföljningen avseende huvudvärksindex och funktion och glädje i aktiviteter. Diskussion och konklusion: Ett beteendemedicinskt förhållningssätt i behandling som grundar sig på funktionell beteendeanalys kan vara ett sätt att som fysioterapeut hantera patienter med HST. HST är en vid diagnosgrupp och det verkar då logiskt att behandlingen bör anpassas individuellt för att få bästa effekt.
Background and aim: Tension-type headache (TTH) is common. There are uncertainties regarding both the pathophysiology and the effect of treatments. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the effect of an individually tailored behavioural medicine treatment in physiotherapy, based on a functional behavioural analysis. Method: A single-case study with A1-A2-B-A3-design of three patients with TTH was performed. Outcome variables were headache frequency (days with headache), headache index (mean intensity), consumption of analgesics, headache management self-efficacy (HMSE), disability and feelings of loss of happiness in activities with family and friends. Results: HMSE increased markedly for 2 of 3 patients. Headache frequency and headache index decreased for one of the patients. One of the tree patients did not first respond to treatment but was much better before the last follow-up regarding headache index, disability and loss of happiness. Discussion and conclusion: A behavioural medicine treatment in physiotherapy based on a functional behavioural analysis can be a way for physiotherapists to handle patients with TTH. Since the diagnosis TTH is heterogenic it seems logical that the treatment should be individually tailored.

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Espí, López Gemma Victoria. "Eficacia del Tratamiento de la Cefalea Tensional Mediante Terapia Articulatoria y de Tejido Blando Subocccipital." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10872.

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La cefalea tensional tiene una elevada prevalencia, con repercusión en el ámbito laboral y social de los sujetos que la padecen. Considerando estudios previos, el objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la eficacia de dos tratamientos con terapia manual en pacientes con cefalea tensional.Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio a doble ciego, aleatorio, con 84 pacientes (81% mujeres) diagnosticados de cefalea tensional, con edad media de 39,76 años (DT=11,38), distribuidos en 4 grupos (tres de tratamiento y un grupo de control placebo). Los tratamientos incluyen terapia manual con: 1) inhibición del tejido blando suboccipital; 2) articulatoria occipucio-atlas-axis; 3) la combinación de ambas. Se aplicaron 4 sesiones, con periodicidad semanal, y seguimiento a los 15 y a los 30 días. La evaluación antes y después el tratamiento y en los seguimientos abarcó: valoración de la movilidad cervical (goniómetro cervical CROM), ansiedad (STAI-E/R), depresión (Inventario de Beck), calidad de vida (SF-12), impacto del dolor (HIT-6), percepción del dolor (Cuestionario del dolor McGill), discapacidad por el dolor (HDI) e intensidad del dolor (EVA). La frecuencia del dolor, ingesta de fármacos sintomáticos, horas de sueño y factores asociados, se evaluaron mediante un autorregistro. Los resultados han mostrado que el tratamiento con inhibición ha mejorado significativamente en depresión, impacto, discapacidad y percepción por dolor (p=0,001 a p=0,01), y en la flexión suboccipital y cervical (p=0,02 y p=0,03). Tanto el tratamiento articulatorio como el combinado, han mejorado en ansiedad, depresión, e impacto discapacidad, percepción e intensidad del dolor (p=0,000 a p=0,02); y en flexión y extensión suboccipital (p=0,003 a p=0,04). El tratamiento articulatorio mejora también en las rotaciones cervicales derecha (p=0,007) e izquierda (p=0,03).En conclusión, tanto el tratamiento articulatorio como el combinado son eficaces para los pacientes con cefaleas en la mayor parte de las evaluaciones realizadas. El tratamiento con inhibición, aunque con resultados inferiores, también ha sido positivo respecto a diferentes ámbitos de la cefalea.
The tension-type headache has a high prevalence, with impact on the working and social life of the subjects who suffer from this condition. Considering previous studies, the aim of the present research is to evaluate the effectiveness of two manual therapy techniques in patients suffering from tension-type headache.A randomised double-blind study has been carried out, with 84 patients (81% women) diagnosed with tension-type headache, mean age of 39,76 years (SD=11,38), divided into 4 groups (three treatment groups and one placebo control group). The treatments include manual therapy with: 1) suboccipital soft-tissue inhibition technique; 2) occiput-atlas-axis articulatory technique; 3) the combination of both. Four sessions were applied, with a weekly periodicity, plus two follow-up sessions 15 and 30 days after. The evaluation before and after the treatment and in the follow-up sessions included: measurement of cervical range of motion (cervical goniometer), assessment of anxiety (STAI-E/R), depression (Beck depression inventory), quality of life (SF-12), impact of pain (HIT-6), pain perception (McGill pain questionnaire), headache disability (HDI) and pain intensity (VAS). The frequency of pain, intake of symptomatic medication, hours of sleep and associated factors were evaluated by means of a self-assessment register. The results have showed that the treatment with soft-tissue inhibition resulted in a significant improvement in depression, impact, disability and pain perception (p=0,001 to p=0,01), and in suboccipital and cervical flexion (p=0,02 and p=0,03). Both the articulatory technique and the combined treatment showed significant improvement in anxiety, depression, impact, disability, pain perception and pain intensity (p=0,000 to p=0,02); and in suboccipital flexion and extension (p=0,003 to p=0,04). The articulatory technique also improves in cervical rotations to the right (p=0,007) and left (p=0,03).In conclusion, both the articulatory technique and the combined treatment are effective for patients with headache in the majority of the evaluations carried out. The treatment with soft-tissue inhibition, although having inferior results, has also proved to have positive effects on different spheres of headache.

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Fernandes, Giovana [UNESP]. "Estudo da associação entre bruxismo do sono, disfunção temporomandibular e cefaleias primárias." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97286.

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O Bruxismo do Sono (BS) é uma atividade oral caracterizada pelo ranger e/ou apertar dos dentes durante o sono, usualmente associado com microdespertares. Muitos estudos têm investigado a relação entre Bruxismo do Sono e Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM), mas os resultados não são conclusivos e a inter-relação entre as duas entidades ainda não foi explicada. Além disso, os estudos também mostram forte associação entre Bruxismo do Sono e Cefaleias, mas ainda não há conclusão definitiva. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar o risco da ocorrência de DTM dolorosa e cefaleias primárias em pacientes com ou sem bruxismo do sono. A amostra foi composta por 301 indivíduos (253 mulheres e 48 homens), com a idade variando de 18 a 76 anos (Média de idade de 37,45 anos). O Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) foi usado para o diagnóstico e classificação da DTM. O Bruxismo do Sono foi diagnosticado de acordo com os critérios clínicos propostos pela American Academy of Sleep Medicine e a cefaleia foi diagnosticada por meio de um questionário baseado na Classificação Internacional de Cefaléias (CIC, 2004). A amostra foi dividida em 4 grupos: 1) Pacientes sem DTM dolorosa e sem BS (15,9%); 2) Pacientes sem DTM dolorosa e com BS (6,3%); 3) Pacientes com DTM dolorosa e sem BS (24,6%); 4) Pacientes com DTM dolorosa e com BS (53,2%). Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes com bruxismo do sono apresentam um risco aumentado para a ocorrência de DTM dolorosa quando comparado aos pacientes sem bruxismo do sono (OR=5,5 95% IC: 3,3-9,9, p<0,001), sendo esse risco significativo somente para dor miofascial (OR= 5,4 95% IC: 1,6-18,2, p=0,0047). Houve um risco aumentado para migrânea nos grupos 3 (p=0,0003, OR= 5,3, IC: 2,2-12,9) e 4 (p<0,0001, OR=11,7, IC: 5,0-27,3). Para cefaleia do tipo tensional houve risco aumentado somente para o grupo...
Sleep bruxism is an oral activity characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep, usually associated with sleep arousals. Many studies have investigated the relationship between sleep bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), but the findings are not conclusive and their inter-relationship is still far from being explained. Furthermore, studies also show a strong association between BS and headaches, but were not yet established any definitive conclusions. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of occurrence of painful temporomandibular disorders and primary headaches in patients with or with no sleep bruxism. The sample consisted of 301 individuals (253 women and 48 men), with ages varying from 18 to 76 years (average of 37.45 years). The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were used to diagnose TMD patients, SB was diagnosed by clinical criteria proposed in the literature and HA were diagnosed based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders. The sample was divided into four groups: 1) Patients without painful TMD and without SB (15,9%); 2) Patients without painful TMD and with SB (6,3%); 3) Patients with painful TMD and without SB (24,6%) and 4) Patients with painful TMD and SB (53,2%). The results showed that patients with sleep bruxism had an increased risk for the occurrence of painful temporomandibular disorders compared to patients with no sleep bruxism (OR=5.5, 95% CI: 3.0-9.9, p<0,001), this risk was significant only for miofascial pain (OR= 5.4, 95% CI: 1.6-18.2, p=0,0047). There was an increased risk for migraine in groups 3 (OR= 5.3, 95% CI: 2.2-12.9, p=0.0003) and 4 (OR=11.7, 95% CI: 5.0-27.3, p<0.0001). For tension type headache had an increased risk only for group 4 (OR=5.9, 95% CI: 2.2-15.8, p=0.0007). Unable to establish a cause and effect relationship between sleep bruxism, temporomandibular... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Fernandes, Giovana. "Estudo da associação entre bruxismo do sono, disfunção temporomandibular e cefaleias primárias /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97286.

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Orientador: Cinara Maria Camparis
Banca: Renata Garcia Fonseca
Banca: Marta Solange Rampani
Resumo: O Bruxismo do Sono (BS) é uma atividade oral caracterizada pelo ranger e/ou apertar dos dentes durante o sono, usualmente associado com microdespertares. Muitos estudos têm investigado a relação entre Bruxismo do Sono e Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM), mas os resultados não são conclusivos e a inter-relação entre as duas entidades ainda não foi explicada. Além disso, os estudos também mostram forte associação entre Bruxismo do Sono e Cefaleias, mas ainda não há conclusão definitiva. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar o risco da ocorrência de DTM dolorosa e cefaleias primárias em pacientes com ou sem bruxismo do sono. A amostra foi composta por 301 indivíduos (253 mulheres e 48 homens), com a idade variando de 18 a 76 anos (Média de idade de 37,45 anos). O Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) foi usado para o diagnóstico e classificação da DTM. O Bruxismo do Sono foi diagnosticado de acordo com os critérios clínicos propostos pela American Academy of Sleep Medicine e a cefaleia foi diagnosticada por meio de um questionário baseado na Classificação Internacional de Cefaléias (CIC, 2004). A amostra foi dividida em 4 grupos: 1) Pacientes sem DTM dolorosa e sem BS (15,9%); 2) Pacientes sem DTM dolorosa e com BS (6,3%); 3) Pacientes com DTM dolorosa e sem BS (24,6%); 4) Pacientes com DTM dolorosa e com BS (53,2%). Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes com bruxismo do sono apresentam um risco aumentado para a ocorrência de DTM dolorosa quando comparado aos pacientes sem bruxismo do sono (OR=5,5 95% IC: 3,3-9,9, p<0,001), sendo esse risco significativo somente para dor miofascial (OR= 5,4 95% IC: 1,6-18,2, p=0,0047). Houve um risco aumentado para migrânea nos grupos 3 (p=0,0003, OR= 5,3, IC: 2,2-12,9) e 4 (p<0,0001, OR=11,7, IC: 5,0-27,3). Para cefaleia do tipo tensional houve risco aumentado somente para o grupo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Sleep bruxism is an oral activity characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep, usually associated with sleep arousals. Many studies have investigated the relationship between sleep bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), but the findings are not conclusive and their inter-relationship is still far from being explained. Furthermore, studies also show a strong association between BS and headaches, but were not yet established any definitive conclusions. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of occurrence of painful temporomandibular disorders and primary headaches in patients with or with no sleep bruxism. The sample consisted of 301 individuals (253 women and 48 men), with ages varying from 18 to 76 years (average of 37.45 years). The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were used to diagnose TMD patients, SB was diagnosed by clinical criteria proposed in the literature and HA were diagnosed based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders. The sample was divided into four groups: 1) Patients without painful TMD and without SB (15,9%); 2) Patients without painful TMD and with SB (6,3%); 3) Patients with painful TMD and without SB (24,6%) and 4) Patients with painful TMD and SB (53,2%). The results showed that patients with sleep bruxism had an increased risk for the occurrence of painful temporomandibular disorders compared to patients with no sleep bruxism (OR=5.5, 95% CI: 3.0-9.9, p<0,001), this risk was significant only for miofascial pain (OR= 5.4, 95% CI: 1.6-18.2, p=0,0047). There was an increased risk for migraine in groups 3 (OR= 5.3, 95% CI: 2.2-12.9, p=0.0003) and 4 (OR=11.7, 95% CI: 5.0-27.3, p<0.0001). For tension type headache had an increased risk only for group 4 (OR=5.9, 95% CI: 2.2-15.8, p=0.0007). Unable to establish a cause and effect relationship between sleep bruxism, temporomandibular... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Darchuk, Kathleen M. "Psychophysiological and Psychological Correlates of Pericranial Allodynia and Affective Distress in Young Adult Females." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1185823589.

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Sehn, Francislea Cristina. "Validação da escala de pensamentos castróficos e associação do catastrofismo com marcadores biológicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/53129.

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Base teórica: A dor crônica decorre de alterações estruturais e funcionais mal adaptativas que influenciam a resposta ao estímulo ou que sustentam os processos de excitabilidade. Um dos sintomas que permeia grande número de pacientes com dor crônica é a catastrofização, cujas características são um conjunto de pensamentos negativos, deseperança e magnificação do sintoma ou condição. Este sintoma é mensurado por meio de uma escala de catastrofização usada em vários países. No entanto não dispomos deste instrumento validado para o português.Objetivos: Validar para o português do Brasil (B) a PCS e verificar suas propriedades psicométricas. Verificar a consistência interna, estrutura fatorial, e sua capacidade de discriminar pacientes com condições específicas de dor crônica como cefaleia tensional crônica (CTC) (International Headache Society) e fibromialgia de acordo com os critérios do American College of Rheumatology. Avaliar os possíveis mecanismos neurobiológicos correlacionados com o nível de sintomas catastróficos, através de dosagens de cortisol e TNF em uma amostra de pacientes com CTC. Métodos: 384 sujeitos com idades entre 18-79 anos com dor crônica de origem músculo-esquelética participaram deste estudo transversal. A versão da B-PCS foi aplicada, assim como a intensidade da dor, interferência da dor na capacidade funcional, no humor e um questionário sócio-demográfico. A capacidade discriminatória da B-PCS foi avaliada numa sub-amostra de pacientes com cefaléia tensional crônica (CTC) de acordo com os critérios da International Headache Society (n = 19), e em outro com diagnóstico de fibromialgia segundo os critérios do American College of Rheumatology (n = 50). Após a validação a B-PCS foi aplicada num grupo de pacientes com CTC. Foi avaliado o impacto da cefaleia usando o Short-Form Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), coletadas amostras de cortisol salivar às 08:00; 16:00 e 22:00 e dosado o TNF sérico. Resultados: Observou-se boa consistência interna [valores α de Cronbach de 0,91 para o total da BR-PCS. Para os subdomínios 0,93 (desesperança), 0,88 (magnificação), 0,86 (ruminação)]. Os coeficientes de correlação item-total variaram 0,91-0,94. Análise fatorial confirmatória apoiou os três fatores de estrutura, com o índice de ajuste comparativo = 0,98, a raiz quadrada média do erro de aproximação = 0,09, e índice de ajuste normalizado = 0,98. Foram encontradas correlações significativas para a intensidade da dor, interferência da dor e humor do paciente (coeficientes de correlação variaram 0,48-0,66, P <0,01). Nas comparações entre grupo controle (pacientes com escores de dor na VAS igual ou inferior a 40 mm na maior parte do dia nos últimos seis meses), e pacientes com condições dolorosas específicas observou-se pontuações mais baixas de catastrofização no grupo controle. No grupo com CTC a relação entre a curva de cortisol salivar, obtida em três pontos do dia (08:00, 16:00 e 22:00 horas) e a catastrofização de acordo com os grupos de catastrofização ( escores B-PCS) estratificados em níveis alto e baixo (alto> Q75 = 42 ou baixo Q75 < 42 ), utilizou-se análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA), com teste post hoc de Bonferroni. Pacientes com altos escores de catastrofismo apresentaram supressão da secreção de cortisol às 08:00 (p <0,05). Usando modelo multivariado de regressão linear, os fatores correlacionados positivamente com a variável dependente (escores da B-PCS) foram os fatores independentes: níveis séricos de TNF, pontuação no HIT6 e idade (p <0,05). O uso de antidepressivos reduziu em 21% o incremento nos escores da B-PCS. Conclusão: Nossos resultados suportam a validade e confiabilidade da B-PCS. A escala mostrou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias. A estrutura de três fatores apresentou boas propriedades discriminatórias na comparação de pensamentos catastróficos de sujeitos controles, fibromiálgicos e CTC. A B-PCS mostrou-se instrumento com perfil satisfatório para uso em pesquisa e clínica no Brasil. Também, observamos que a catastrofização está correlacionada com o impacto da CTH, menor oscilação circadiana na secreção de cortisol salivar e níveis séricos de TNF. Isto sugere que o comportamento catastrófico possui substrato biológico que indica sua associação com o estresse crônico e resposta inflamatória.
Theoretical basis: Chronic pain is due to structural and functional changes that influence the maladaptive response to stimuli or processes that underlie excitability. One of the symptoms that permeates large number of patients with chronic pain is the catastrophizing, whose characteristics are a set of negative thoughts, holplessness and magnification of the symptom or condition. This symptom is measured through a catastrophizing scale used in several countries. However, we do not have this instrument for the Portuguese. Objectives: To validate the PCS for Brazil’s Portuguese (B) and verify its psychometric properties. Check the internal consistency, factor structure, and its ability to discriminate patients with specific conditions of chronic pain chronic such as chronic tension type headache (CTH) in accordance with International Headache Society and fibromyalgia according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. To evaluate the possible neurobiological mechanisms correlated with the level of catastrophic symptoms through Cortisol and TNF dosages in a sample of patients with CTH. Methods: 384 subjects aged 18-79 years with chronic musculoskeletal pain participated in this cross-sectional study. The version of the B-PCS was applied as well as pain intensity, pain interference in functional ability, mood and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The discriminatory capacity of B-PCS was assessed in a subsample of patients with chronic tension type headaches (CTH) in accordance with the criteria of the International Headache Society (n = 19), and another with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (n = 50). After the validation the B-PCS was applied in a group of patients with CTH. The impact of headache were evaluated using the Short-Form Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), salivary cortisol samples collected at 08:00, 16:00 and 22:00 and serum TNF. Results: There was good internal consistency [Cronbach's α values of 0.91 for the total PCS-BR. For subdomains 0.93 (holplessness), 0.88 (magnification), 0.86 (rumination)].The coefficients of item-total correlation ranged from .91 to .94. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three factor structure, with the comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.09, standard setting and the index of = 0.98. Significant correlations were found for pain intensity, pain interference and mood of the patient (correlation coefficients ranged from .48 to .66, P <0.01). Comparisons between the control group (patients with VAS pain scores at or below 40 mm in most of the day in the last six months), and patients with specific pain conditions were observed lower catastrophizing scores in the control group. In the group with CTH the relationship between the salivary cortisol curve, obtained at three points of the day (08:00, 16:00 and 22:00 hours) and catastrophizing according catastrophizing groups (B-PCS scores) stratified into low and high level (high>Q75=42 or low Q75<42), we used analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test. Patients with high scores of catastrophism had suppression of cortisol secretion at 08:00 (p <0.05). Using a multivariate linear regression model, the factors positively correlated with the dependent variable (scores of B-PCS) were the independent factors: serum levels of TNF, HIT6 score and age (p <0.05). The use of antidepressants decreased by 21% the increase in scores of B-PCS. Conclusion: Our results support the validity and reliability of the B-PCS. The scale showed satisfactory psychometric properties. The three-factor structure showed good discriminatory properties in comparison to control subjects, fibromyalgia, and HSC catastrophic thoughts. The B-PCS showed to be an instrument with a profile suitable for use in research and clinical practice in Brazil. Also, we found that catastrophizing is correlated with the impact of CTH, lower circadian oscillation in the secretion of salivary cortisol and serum levels of TNF. This suggests that the catastrophic behavior has biological substrate indicating its association with chronic stress and inflammatory response.

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Fhal, Jonathan. "Eficácia da manipulação articular cervical em adultos com cefaleia tipo tensão: uma revisão de bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6744.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia
Objectivo: Analisar a eficácia da manipulação articular cervical em adultos nas deficiências induzidas pelas cefaleias do tipo tensão episódica e crónica. Metodologia: pesquisa computorizada nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science e PEDro para identificar estudos randomizados controlados que analisassem a eficácia do tratamento seguindo os critérios de inclusão definidos para o estudo. Resultados: nesta revisão foram incluídos 5 artigos envolvendo 424 pacientes, com qualidade metodológica de 6.4 na escala de PEDro. Conclusão: a manipulação articular parece eficaz para diminuir as deficiências induzidas pelas cefaleias tipo tensão em adultos. Os resultados são melhores quando este técnica é combinada com inibição muscular dos músculos suboccipitais.
Objective: To analyze the efficacy of cervical joint manipulation in adults in the deficiencies induced by episodic and chronic tension-type headache. Methodology: Computerized search in the Pubmed/Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science e PEDro databases to identify randomized controlled trials that analyzed the efficacy of treatment following the inclusion criteria defined for the study. Results: 5 articles were included in this review involving 424 patients, with a methodological quality of 6.4 on the PEDro scale. Conclusion: cervical joint manipulation seems effective to reduce deficiencies induced by tension-type headaches in adults. The results are best when this technique is combined with muscle suboccipital inhibition.
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Mascella, Vivian. "Stress, sintomas de ansiedade e depress?o na migr?nea e cefaleia tensional." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2011. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/284.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian Mascella.pdf: 1282816 bytes, checksum: b8e395c9ccb4c074672d95f2c19c8223 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-02
The current research sought to evaluate stress, anxiety and depression in women whith Migraine and women whith Tension-type Headache. A total of 31 women participated in the research .Sixteen out of 31 women suffered from Migraine and 15 out of 31 women showed Tension-type Headache. All the participants were between 18 to 72 years old. After being diagnosed by doctors, the participants were attended at a neurology and brain surgery clinic located in the interior of the State of S?o Paulo. A Semi-Structured Interview Form, Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (LISS), Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS), and Beck Depression Scale (BDS) were used to collect data.The analysis of the data was both quantitative and qualitative. For LISS, BAS, and BDS, the answers were evaluated according to the charts and to the norms of their manuals. For the open answers of Interview form, the analysis of contend was made according to Bardin.The results revealed that 100% of the women who had Migraine showed stress; 50% of them were in a resistant period and 43,75% were in a nearly-exhausted period. 66,67% of the women who had Tension-type headache showed stress; 53,33% of them were in a resistant period and 6,67% in a nearly-exhausted period. Concerning anxiety, 31,25% of the women who had Migraine revealed a moderate level, while 60% of the women who had Tension-type Headache showed a minimum level. Concerning depression, 37,50% of the women who had Migraine showed moderate depression, and 53,33% of the women who had Tension-type Headache showed minimum levels of anxiety. It was observed that women who had Migraine showed more serious levels of stress, anxiety and depression than women who had Tension-type Headache. It is relevant to note that, although the survey sample is decreased, the results found are similar to other studies, and confirms the need to develop a psychological treatment suitable for women who suffer from Migraine and tension-type Headache, aiming to promote health and improves the quality of life.
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar stress, ansiedade e depress?o em mulheres com Migr?nea e mulheres com Cefaleia do Tipo Tensional. As participantes foram 31 mulheres, sendo que 16 apresentavam Migr?nea e 15 apresentavam Cefaleia tipo tensional, na faixa et?ria de 18 a 72 anos. As participantes foram encaminhadas ap?s o diagn?stico dos m?dicos e atendidas numa cl?nica de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia no interior do Estado de S?o Paulo. Para a coleta dos dados, foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, Invent?rio de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), Escala de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Escala de Depress?o de Beck (BDI). A an?lise dos dados foi quantitativa e qualitativa. As respostas dadas ao ISSL, BAI e BDI foram avaliadas de acordo com as tabelas e normas de seus manuais, e as respostas abertas foram submetidas ? an?lise de conte?do de Bardin. Os resultados revelaram que 100% das mulheres com Migr?nea apresentavam stress, sendo que 50% estavam em fase de resist?ncia e 43,75% se encontravam em fase de quase-exaust?o. Enquanto que 66,67% das mulheres com Cefaleia tipo tensional apresentavam stress, sendo que 53,33% estavam em fase de resist?ncia e 6,67% em fase de quase-exaust?o. No que se refere ? ansiedade 31,25% das mulheres com Migr?nea estavam num n?vel moderado, enquanto que 60% das mulheres com Cefaleia tipo tensional apresentavam um n?vel m?nimo. Com rela??o ? depress?o, 37,50% das mulheres com Migr?nea estavam em n?veis moderados, e 53,33% das mulheres com Cefaleia tipo tensional apresentavam n?veis m?nimos de ansiedade. Verifica-se que as mulheres com Migr?nea apresentam n?veis mais graves de stress, ansiedade e depress?o do que mulheres com Cefaleia tipo tensional. ? relevante destacar que, embora a amostra da pesquisa seja reduzida, os resultados encontrados s?o semelhantes aos de outros estudos, e confirma a necessidade de elabora??o de um tratamento psicol?gico adequado para mulheres que sofrem com Migr?nea e Cefaleia tipo tensional, visando ? promo??o da sa?de e melhora da qualidade de vida.

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Chassot, Mônica. "Efeito da eletroacupuntura na cefaleia tensional crônica e nos níveis séricos de BDNF : ensaio clínico randomizado, cego, cross-over controlado com placebo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97306.

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Introdução: A cefaleia do tipo tensional crônica (CTTC) é caracterizada por dor de cabeça quase diária e sensibilização central. A acupuntura tem sido estudada no tratamento de diversos tipos de cefaleia, porém os resultados são controversos e apenas sugerem maior eficácia em relação ao placebo. A eletroacupuntura (EA) modula algumas das funções do sistema nervoso central (SNC), podendo modificar a neuroplasticidade. A plasticidade do SNC pode ser rastreada através dos níveis séricos do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF), um mediador de neuroplasticidade. Objetivo: Este estudo testou a hipótese de que a analgesia pela EA na CTTC estaria relacionada à neuroplasticidade, avaliada através dos níveis séricos de BDNF. Métodos: Foram recrutadas mulheres, com idades entre 18-60 anos, portadoras de CTTC, para um ensaio clinico randomizado, cegado, controlado por placebo-sham. Foram aplicadas 10 sessões de EA, durante 30 minutos (2- 10 Hz, com intensidade conforme a tolerância) na cervical e áreas autonômicas, duas vezes por semana, que foram comparadas com placebosham. Os períodos de tratamento foram separados por duas semanas de intervalo. Avaliou-se dor (através de escala análoga visual (VAS) de 10 cm) e níveis séricos de BDNF como desfechos primários. Resultados: Trinta e quatro pacientes foram randomizadas e vinte e nove completaram o protocolo. Os escores da VAS foram menores durante o tratamento com EA, do que no tratamento com placebo-sham. (2.38±1.77, 3.02±2.49 respectivamente, P=0.005). Os escores de dor variaram conforme a sequência de intervenção, demonstrando efeito de carreamento (P<0.05). Utilizando regressão múltipla, os níveis séricos de BDNF foram ajustados para a escala de depressão de Hamilton e VAS (r-squared= 0.07, standard β coefficients= -0.2, -0.14, respectivamente). Ao final do período da primeira intervenção os valores de BDNF ajustados, foram maiores no grupo EA, (29.31±3.24, 27.53±2.94 ng/mL) a magnitude de efeito mensurada pela diferença na media padronizada expressou um efeito moderado (Cohen´s d= 0.55). Conclusão: A analgesia produzida pela EA pode estar relacionada à neuroplasticidade, avaliada através do BDNF ajustado para dor e depressão. A modulação pela EA na dor e BDNF depende da condição do SNC, uma vez que está relacionada à depressão e depende do momento da aplicação da intervenção.
Background: Chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) is characterized by almost daily headaches and central sensitization. Electroacupunture (EA) is effective for this condition and modules some central nervous system (CNS) functions. CNS plasticity could be tracked in serum using the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroplasticity mediator. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that EA analgesia in CTTH would be related to neuroplasticity indexed by the BDNF. Patients and methods: We enrolled females aging 18-60 with CTTH in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial, comparing ten EA sessions applied during 30 minutes (2-10 Hz, intensity by tolerance) in cervical and autonomic areas twice per week, vs. placebo-sham (PS). Treatment periods were separated by two washout weeks. Pain on the 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) and serum BDNF were assessed as primary outcomes. Results: Thirty-four subjects underwent randomization, twenty-nine completed the protocol. VAS during EA period was lower than during PS (2.38±1.77, 3.02±2.49 respectively, P=0.005). VAS differed according to intervention sequence demonstrating carry-over effect (P<0.05). Using multiple regression serum BDNF was adjusted for the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and VAS (r-squared=0.07, standard β coefficients=-0.2, -0.14, respectively; omnibus-test P<0.001). At the end of the first intervention period the adjusted BDNF was higher in the EA cohort (29.31±3.24, 27.53±2.94 ng/mL, Cohen´s d= 0.55). Conclusion: EA analgesia may relate to neuroplasticity indexed by the adjusted BDNF. EA modulation on pain and BDNF depends on the situation of the CNS, as is related to depression and depends on the timing of the intervention.

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Ljiljana, Radmilo. "Uticaj upotrebe računara na pojavu primarnih glavobolja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114853&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U poslednje vreme upotreba računara se smatra značajnim okidačem za nastanak primarnih glavobolja. Svi rizikofaktori pri radu na računaru značajni za nastanak glavobolja su nedovoljno jasni i ispitani, te su i strategije prevencije nepoznate. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su utvrđivanje razlika u prevalenciji primarnih glavobolja kod ispitanika koji koriste i koji ne koriste računar, kao i utvrđivanje uticaja vremena provedenog u radu na računaru i ponašanja pri radu na računaru na ispoljavanje određenog tipa primarne glavobolje. U studiji preseka finalni uzorak je činilo 1500 ispitanika. Uzorak je podeljen na dve grupe: 1. ispitanici koji koriste računar (95.7%), 2. ispitanici koji ne koriste računar (4.3%). Obe grupe su nadalje podeljene na: 1. one koji imaju glavobolju i 2. one koji nemaju glavobolju. Kod ispitanika koji koriste računar, glavobolju je imalo 69.6% ispitanika, a kod ispitanika koji ne koriste računar 27.4%. Nadalje, kod ispitanika koji koriste računar od glavobolje tenzionog tipa boluje 30.3%, od migrene 16.7%, od verovatno sekundarne glavobolje 14.0% ispitanika. Kod ispitanika koji ne koriste računar od glavobolje tenzionog tipa boluje 19.4%, od migrene 4.8% ispitanika, i od verovatno sekundarne glavobolje 3.2% ispitanika. Utvrđeno je da su korisnici računara imali značajno veću prevalenciju primarnih glavobolja u odnosu na one koji ne koriste računar. Korisnici računara sa glavoboljom u odnosu na one bez glavobolje duže rade na računaru, češće ne prave pauzu, a kada je i naprave, one traju kratko, češće zauzimaju nepravilan položaj tela. Korisnici računara sa migrenom u odnosu na one sa glavoboljom tenzionog tipa značajno duže vremena provode na računaru kod kuće, ređe prave pauze, a kada ih prave one su kratke, pravilnije sede za računarom, a u pauzi ređe sede i koriste mobilni telefon ili tablet. Prilikom klasifikacije glavobolja izdvojila se grupa od 8.6% ispitanika koji su imali glavobolju koja se nije ispunjavala kriterijume za migrenu, glavobolju tenzionog tipa, ni trigeminalnu autonomnu glavobolju, a nije postojala sumnja da je to sekundarna glavobolja. Obzirom da se ona javljala isključivo kod korisnika računara i da je većina njih izvestila da rad na računaru može biti okidač, ona je svrstana u ostale primarne glavobolje, za koju se pretpostavlja da za njen nastanak upotreba računara ima značajan uticaj. Korisnici računara oboleli od ostalih primarnih glavobolja u odnosu na obolele od migrene više vremena provode u radu na računaru na poslu, ređe zauzimaju pravilan položaj, ali češće prave pauzu, a u odnosu na one sa glavoboljom tenzionog tipa, češće izveštavaju da više vremena provode na računaru i na poslu i kod kuće, da nakon dužeg vremena prave pauzu ili nikada, i da im pauze kraće traju, ali da pravilnije sede pri radu na računaru. Na osnovu rezultata može se zaključiti da primarne glavobolje predstavljaju značajan zdravstveni problem kod korisnika računara. U uzorku su detektovani ispitanici sa glavoboljom, koja je bila prisutna samo kod korisnika računara, koja nije ogovarala postojećim kriterijumima klasifikacije ni za jednu primarnu glavobolju i za koju se sumnja da za njen nastanak rad na računaru imao značajan uticaj. Korisnici računara sa glavoboljom se ne pridržavaju definisanih ergonomskih preporuka pri radu na računaru, te se javlja potreba za sprovođenjem sistematske edukacije korisnika računara o ergonomskim preporukama u cilju prevencije ataka glavobolja.
As of recently, the use of computers is considered a significant trigger for the development of primary headaches. The risk factors when working on a computer which are important for the occurrence of headaches are insufficiently clear and unexamined, thus making prevention strategies unknown. The aims of this study are to determine differences in the prevalence of primary headaches in respondents who use and do not use a computer, as well as to determine the impact of time spent working on a computer and computer work related behavior on the manifestation of a particular type of primary headache. In the cross-sectional study, the final sample consisted of 1500 subjects. The sample was divided into two groups: 1. respondents who use a computer (95.7%), 2. respondents who do not use a computer (4.3%). Both groups were further divided into: 1. those who have a headache and 2. those who do not have a headache. Among respondents who use a computer, 69.6% of respondents had a headache, and among respondents who do not use a computer, 27.4%. Furthermore, in respondents who use a computer, 30.3% suffer from tension-type headaches, 16.7% from migraines, and 14.0% from probable secondary headaches. In subjects who do not use a computer, 19.4% suffer from tension-type headaches, 4.8% from migraines, and 3.2% from suspected secondary headaches. Computer users were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of primary headaches compared to those who did not use a computer. Computer users with headaches, compared to those without headaches, work on As of recently, the use of computers is considered a significant trigger for the development of primary headaches. The risk factors when working on a computer which are important for the occurrence of headaches are insufficiently clear and unexamined, thus making prevention strategies unknown. The aims of this study are to determine differences in the prevalence of primary headaches in respondents who use and do not use a computer, as well as to determine the impact of time spent working on a computer and computer work related behavior on the manifestation of a particular type of primary headache. In the cross-sectional study, the final sample consisted of 1500 subjects. The sample was divided into two groups: 1. respondents who use a computer (95.7%), 2. respondents who do not use a computer (4.3%). Both groups were further divided into: 1. those who have a headache and 2. those who do not have a headache. Among respondents who use a computer, 69.6% of respondents had a headache, and among respondents who do not use a computer, 27.4%. Furthermore, in respondents who use a computer, 30.3% suffer from tension-type headaches, 16.7% from migraines, and 14.0% from probable secondary headaches. In subjects who do not use a computer, 19.4% suffer from tension-type headaches, 4.8% from migraines, and 3.2% from suspected secondary headaches. Computer users were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of primary headaches compared to those who did not use a computer. Computer users with headaches, compared to those without headaches, work on influenced by computer use. Computer users with headaches do not adhere to the defined ergonomic recommendations when working on the computer, hence there is a need for systematic education of computer users on ergonomic recommendations in order to prevent headache attacks.

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Teixeira, Natacha Betânia Alves. "Toxina botulínica, considerações em medicina dentária." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4398.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária
A toxina botulínica (TB) foi durante muito anos considerada um promotor de doença. No presente é considerada um agente terapêutico versátil para o tratamento de distúrbios musculares. O seu mecanismo de ação ocorre ao nível da fenda sináptica do músculo esquelético e leva a uma desnervação parcial e funcional dos neurónios motores, através da inibição da liberação do neurotransmissor de acetilcolina (Ach), juntamente com o bloqueio da libertação de outros neurotransmissores periféricos relacionados com a dor, que permite tenha uma ação antinociceptiva. Este trabalho consiste numa revisão bibliográfica narrativa que tem como objetivos abordar a estrutura e a síntese da TB, o seu mecanismo de acção e os diferentes aspectos farmacológicos e imunológicos associados à sua utilização terapêutica e abordar as diversas indicações de utilização ao nível da medicina dentária, nomeadamente, desordens temporomandibulares, distonias oromandibulares, bruxismo, sialorreia, cefaleia tensional, sorriso gengival e pós-operatório cirúrgico. As palavras-chaves utilizadas foram: ―Botulinum Toxin‖; ―Botulinum Toxin Type A‖; ―Temporomandibular Disorders‖; ―Bruxism‖; ―Gummy Smile‖; ―Myofascial Pain‖; ―Sialorrhoea‖; ―Tension Headache‖; ―Oromandibular Distonia‖; ―Masseter Hy-pertrophy‖; ―Temporoamdibular Joint Disc Displacement‖; ―Temporomandibular Joint Luxation‖; ―Pain‖; ―Clinical Use‖; ―Mechanism Of Action‖; ―Safety And Efficacy‖ combinadas de diversas formas. Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado o valor da TB no âmbito de diversas áreas da Medicina Dentária, no entanto, no seu enquadramento legal por parte da Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas, esta recomenda apenas a sua aplicação por parte de profissionais que tenham a devida formação e experiência. Botulinum toxin (BT) was for many years considered a promoter of disease. At present it is considered a versatile therapeutic agent for the treatment of muscular disorders. The mechanism of action of BT is at the level of the synaptic cleft of skeletal muscle and leads to a partial functional denervation of motor neurons by inhibiting the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach), together with blocking the release of other neurotransmitters related peripheral with pain, which allows it to have an antinociceptive action. This work consists in a narrative literature review that aims to deal with the structure and synthesis of BT, its mechanism of action and different pharmacological and immunological aspects related to its therapeutic use and discuss the its different uses in dentistry like in temporomandibular disorders, oromandibular dystonias, bruxism, drooling, tension headache, gummy smile surgery and postoperatively. The keywords used were: ―Toxin Botulinum‖; ―Botulinum Toxin Type A‖; ―Temporomandibular Disorders‖; ―Bruxism‖; ―Gummy Smile‖; ―Myofascial Pain‖; ―Sialorrhoea‖; ―Tension Headache‖; ―Oromandibular Distonia‖; ―Masseter Hy-pertrophy‖; ―Temporoamdibular Joint Disc Displacement‖; ―Temporomandibular Joint Luxation‖; ―Pain‖; ―Clinical Use‖; ―Mechanism Of Action‖; ―Safety And Efficacy‖ combined in various ways. In recent years BT has been used within various dentistry areas with success, however in a legal point of view, the Portuguese Dental Association leaves the recommendation that its use must be restrict to the professionals who have proper training and experience.

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Galdino, Gilma Serra. "MIGRÂNEAS E CEFALÉIA DO TIPO TENSIONAL CRÔNICA: ABORDAGEM DIAGNÓSTICA POR MÉDICOS NÃO-NEUROLOGISTAS." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2006. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1787.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:19:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmaSerraGaldino.pdf: 463839 bytes, checksum: 9345eedc92400fc989d83f8fd6b1e4f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-12
Doctors belonging to a Medical Services Cooperative in Campina Grande were interviewed with the objective to determine their diagnostic accuracy when faced with clinical cases of primary headache, and also to appreciate the amplitude of their knowledge about headache classification and procedures concerning exams prescriptions and therapeutic indications. Methodology. The method of extensive direct observation through the application of a questionnaire was used. The doctors were presented with three fictitious clinical histories which represented situations of frequent primary migraines such as: migraine with aura (MA), migraine without aura (MO) and chronic tensional-type headache (CTTH) according to criteria established on International Headache Classification, second edition (IHCD-II), 2003, by the Headache Classification Subcommittee as part of the International Headache Society (IHS). 173 out of 462 doctors members of the Cooperative were contacted and 91 of these accepted to take part in the study. Results. In the group of 91 doctors interviewed, 51 (56%) were male, 35 (38,5%) were female and five (5,5%) refused to answer. Their age varied from 27 to 70 years old (44,8 + 09 years old). Their experience as doctors varied from three to 46 years (21,4 + 8,2 years). 67 (73.6%) stated to have been in a medical internship. The doctors interviewed were doctors of several areas. About the accuracy of the diagnostic test, concerning MO, 60 participants (66%) identified the case as migraine, only two (2,2%) identified the MO subtype and two (2,2%) suggested it was a case of mere headache. For the clinical case of MA, 25 doctors (27,5%) said it was a case of migraine and only one (1,1%) identified it as MA. About the diagnostic of CTTH, 12 doctors (13,2%) acknowledged it as tensional headache and there was not any reference to the CTTH subgroup. Among other possibilities of diagnostic, the most mentioned ones were migraine 36 (39,6%), secondary headache to systemic arterial hypertension 12 (13,2%) and headaches caused by brain expansive process 06 (6,6%). For the three clinical cases, most of the doctors researched 79 (86,8%) in the example of MO, 74 (81,3%) in the cases of MA and 71 (78%) in the example of CTTH wouldn´t prescribe complementary exams. Regarding treatment 77 (84,6%) in the case of MO, 80 (87,9%) in the case of MA and 67 (73,6%) in the case of CTTH decided not to treat it. Among those who forwarded the case to a neurologist, we have 67 (73,6%) for MO, 78 (85,7%) for MA and 59 (64,8%) for CTTH. 65 (71,4%) doctors who were interviewed said to be unaware of the IHS diagnostic criteria for primary headaches. Conclusion. Migraine was the most common initial diagnosis for any kind of headache without any identification of the subgroups. The CTTH was subdiagnosed being frequently misidentified as migraine cases despite it is the most prevailing kind of primary headache. Most of the doctors interviewed (p<0,05) does not prescribe complementary exams for headache patients and prefer to forward them to a specialist, choosing not to treat them. These results show the lack of information found in the doctors interviewed about the diagnostic criteria for the several kinds of primary headaches.
Foram entrevistados médicos pertencentes a uma Cooperativa de Serviços Médicos, na cidade de Campina Grande, com o objetivo de investigar a acurácia diagnóstica desses profissionais frente a casos clínicos de cefaléia primária, além de apreciar seus conhecimentos sobre a classificação das cefaléias e condutas quanto à solicitação de exames e indicações terapêuticas. Metodologia: Utilizou-se o método de observação direta extensiva através da aplicação de questionário. Foram apresentadas a todos os médicos entrevistados três histórias clínicas, fictícias, reproduzindo quadros de cefaléias primárias freqüentes, a saber: migrânea com aura (MCA), migrânea sem aura (MSA) e cefaléia do tipo tensional crônica (CTTC), seguindo os critérios da Classificação Internacional das Cefaléias, 2ª. Edição (IHCD-II), em 2003, elaborados pelo Subcomitê de Classificação das Cefaléias da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléia (IHS). Foram contatados 173 médicos, de um total de 462 cooperados, dos quais 91 aceitaram participar do estudo. Resultados: Eles eram 51 homens (56%) e 35 mulheres (38,5%), cinco (5,5%) não identificaram o gênero. A idade variou entre 27 e 70 anos (44,8 + 09 anos). Eles tinham entre três e 46 anos de formados (21,4 + 8,2 anos). 67 (73,6%) afirmaram ter feito residência médica. Os médicos entrevistados atuavam nas mais diversas especialidades. Em relação ao índice de acerto diagnóstico, no exemplo de MSA, 60 participantes (66,2%) identificaram o quadro como migrânea, enquanto apenas dois (2,2%) identificaram o subtipo MSA e dois (2,2 %) sugeriram tratar-se apenas de cefaléia. No caso clínico de MCA, 25 (27,5%) disseram tratar-se de quadro de migrânea e apenas um (1,1%) respondeu ser MCA. Quanto ao diagnóstico de CTTC, 12 (13,2%) reconheceram tratar-se de cefaléia tensional, não houve acerto diagnóstico no subgrupo CTTC, e dentre outras possibilidades diagnósticas as mais citadas foram: migrânea 36 (39.6%), cefaléia secundária a hipertensão arterial sistêmica 12 (13,2%) e cefaléias ocasionadas por processo expansivo cerebral seis (6,6%). Nos três casos clínicos, a maior parte dos profissionais pesquisados 79 (86,8%) no exemplo de MSA, 74 (81,3%) nos casos de MCA e 71 (78%) no exemplo de CTTC - não solicitaria exames complementares. Quanto ao tratamento: 77 médicos (84,6%) no caso de MSA, 80 (87,9%) no caso de MCA e 67 (73,6%) no caso de CTTC, optaram por não tratar. Preferiram encaminhar ao neurologista: 67 médicos (73,6%) para MSA, 78 (85,7%) para MCA e 59 (64,8%) para CTTC. 65 (71,4%) dos entrevistados afirmaram desconhecer os critérios diagnósticos da IHS para cefaléias primárias. Conclusão: O diagnóstico inicial mais freqüente foi migrânea, comumente usado para identificar qualquer tipo de cefaléia, sem, contudo identificar seus subgrupos. A cefaléia do tipo tensional foi subdiagnosticada, freqüentemente sendo confundida com quadros de migrânea, a despeito de ser o tipo mais prevalente de cefaléia primária. A maioria (p<0,05) dos médicos não solicita exames complementares para portadores de cefaléia e prefere encaminhá-los ao especialista, optando por não tratar. Esses resultados demonstram a falta de informações por parte dos médicos entrevistados sobre os critérios diagnósticos para os diversos tipos de cefaléias primárias.

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Widar, Marita. "Living with Long-Term Pain after a Stroke." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med827s.pdf.

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Garli, Jane. "MediYoga som behandling vid migrän : En pilotstudie." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för fysioterapi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175515.

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Introduction: Migraine is a chronic neurological disease, partly hereditery. One non-pharmacological alternative treatment is yoga, whose effects have been investigated in a few scientific studies. No one has in a scientific studie investigated the effect of medical yoga for patients with migraine. Aim: The primary aim was to investigate if medical yoga in combination with pharmcological treatment could have an effect on headache frequency, intensity, and/or duration for patients with episodic and chronic migraine. Method: A pilot study, with SSED-design, with seven patients. Everyone had different long baselines before intervention. The intervention was a period of sex weeks of medical yoga. A headache diary with frequency, intensity and duration was conducted throughout the study period. Results: For two patients (patient two and six) the number of days with migraine reduced, effectsize (ES) 0,50 and 0,39 respectively. For four the freguence increased. The experience of pain decreased for two patients, increased for three and unchanged for one. The duration of migraine is reduced for one patient (patient seven) and increased for five. Some are improved in secondary outcome measures. Conclusion: At present, the intervention can possibly be used for patients who are similar to the individuals who had effect of the intervention and are interested in medical yoga as a self-care, but further studies are needed, as well as larger studies to be able to generalize to the migraine group.
Introduktion: Migrän är en kronisk neurologisk sjukdom, delvis ärftlig. En icke farmakologisk alternativ behandling är yoga, vars effekter har undersökts i några få vetenskapliga studier, men ingen har i en vetenskaplig studie undersökt effekten av MediYoga för patienter med migrän. Syfte: Primärt syfte var att undersöka om MediYoga i tillägg till farmakologisk behandling kunde ha effekt på huvudvärksfrekvens, intensitet och/eller duration hos patienter med episodisk och kronisk migrän. Metod: Pilotstudie med SSED-upplägg, och multipel baslinjedesign med totalt sju patienter. Alla hade olika långa baslinjer innan intervention. Interventionen var sex veckors Mediyoga. Huvudvärksdagbok med frekvens, intensitet och duration fördes under hela studietiden. Rultat: För två patienter (patient två och sex) minskade antalet dagar med migrän, effektstorlek (ES) 0,50 respektive 0,39. För fyra ökade frekvensen. Upplevelsen av smärta minskade för två patienter, och ökade för tre samt oförändrad för en. Durationen av migrän minskade för en patient (patient sju) och ökade för fem. Några förbättrades i sekundära utfallsmått. Slutsats: I dagsläget kan interventionen möjligen nyttjas för enstaka patienter som liknar de individer som haft effekt av interventionen och är intresserade av MediYoga som egenvård, men det behövs ytterligare, samt större studier för att kunna generalisera till gruppen migräniker.

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Cathcart, Stuart. "Stress and pain sensitivity in tension-type headache." 2009. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:39146.

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Tension-Type Headache (TH) is highly prevalent and associated with significant personal and social cost. The causes of TH are unclear, precluding optimal treatment or prevention at present. Stress is a well-documented correlate and trigger of TH activity, however the causal significance has not been experimentally demonstrated to date. Similarly, the mechanisms by which stress contributes to TH, if in fact it does, are not clearly understood. Findings of increased pain sensitivity in TH sufferers suggests TH pathophysiology may involve dysfunction in peripheral and/or central nervous system processing of pain. Studies on animals and healthy humans demonstrate that stress can increase pain sensitivity by affecting peripheral and central pain mechanisms proposed as dysfunctional in TH. It has therefore been proposed that stress may contribute to TH through aggravating already increased pain sensitivity in TH sufferers. However, this hypothesis has not been adequately examined in TH sufferers to date. Addressing the above issues, the present project conducted seven studies examining relationships between stress, pain sensitivity, and headache activity in TH sufferers. The aim was to test the hypothesis that stress contributes to TH by aggravating already increased pain sensitivity in TH sufferers. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated increased general arousal and complex temporal relationships between general arousal and headache activity in the natural environment in Episodic TH (ETH) sufferers. In Study 3, experimentally induced stress of brief duration increased pressure pain sensitivity at the head in Chronic TH (CTH) sufferers more than in healthy controls. Study 4 found CTH sufferers to have increased levels of daily stress, increased pericranial muscle tenderness, and reduced pain thresholds, which were inter-related. Both daily stress and pain sensitivity were predictive of prospective daily headache activity. In Study 5, an experimental model demonstrated that stress-induced headache was associated with stress-induced increase in pericranial muscle tenderness and reduction in pressure pain thresholds at head and hand. Additionally, induced stress reduced pain tolerance and increased pain intensity ratings to cold pressor more in TH sufferers than in healthy controls (Study 7). Finally, TH sufferers were found to have abnormal temporal summation of pressure pain and impaired noxious inhibition of temporal summation compared to healthy controls, however neither temporal summation nor noxious inhibition of temporal summation were affected by induced stress (Study 6). Together, the results support the hypotheses: 1) Stress contributes to both ETH and CTH, and 2) Stress contributes to CTH through aggravating already increased pain sensitivity in CTH sufferers. Impaired pain inhibition and increased wind-up may be underlying abnormalities contributing to increased pain sensitivity in CTH sufferers.

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Penter, Christopher Sean. "Determining the role chiropractic plays in the management of tension-type headache." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2811.

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A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters Diploma in Technology: Chiropractic at Natal Technikon, 1994.
The effectiveness of chiropractic management of tension-type headache was evaluated in a single blind, randomised, placebo controlled tr ial us ing a pat ient populat ion of thirty (30) individuals who were suffering from tension-type headache
M

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Donkin, Robert David. "The relative effectiveness of adjustments and traction in the treatment of tension-type headaches." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2075.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1998.
Headaches are very common in today's society and of all presenting types of headaches, tension - type headaches are the most common. At a neurologic outpatient clinic 40% of 1152 of all patients referred had tension-type headache (Lance et al. 1965). The purpose of this study was to determine if manual traction is an effective adjunct to the chiropractic treatment (the adjustment) of tension - type headaches, and to determine if the adjustment alone or the adjustment and manual traction have an effect on tension - type headaches. It was hypothesised that the combination of manual traction and adjustments would be more effective than adjustments alone. The study was a randomised, uncontrolled clinical trial conducted at the Technikon Natal Chiropractic Day Clinic. Thirty patients, presenting with tension - type headaches, were selected for the study and randomly allocated to two groups of fifteen each. Patients in Group A received adjustmen~s and Group B r~eived adjustments and manual traction as treatment. The subjective findings of the patients were recorded by means of the Short - form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the CMCC Neck Disability Index, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 and the Headache Diary. The first three questionnaire were completed by the patients \xE1t the beginning of the first, fifth, final and follow up consultations. The Headache Diary, on the other hand, was completed on a daily basis by the patients for the period of the study. Objective findings consisted of the six cervical ranges of motion obtained by means of the Cervical Range of Motion Instrument (CROM).
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Maimela, Nomathamsanqa Resegofetse. "The efficacy of lacticum acidum homaccord in the treatment of chronic tension-type headaches." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14026.

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M.Tech. (Homoeopathy)
Chronic tension-type headaches (CTTHs) affect 30-40% of the population and account for a number of absences from, and decreased performances at, work and school as well as recreational activities. CTTHs typically occur at least 15 times a month or at least every second day, and present as an achey or tight sensation that is felt around the head. The pain may last from 30 minutes to several days and varies in intensity. Conventional treatment is palliative, consisting of analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which may produce adverse effects and analgesic rebound headaches. Lacticum acidum 30CH is a homoeopathic remedy that has been shown to have potential benefits in the treatment of CTTHs. Homaccords are the preparation of one remedy in multiple increasing potencies in a single vehicle. There has been no research done to date on Lacticum acidum Homaccord in the treatment of CTTHs. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Lacticum acidum Homaccord in the treatment of CTTHs, using the modified Headache Diary and the Headache Disability Inventory. The study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled matched pair study which took place at the Homoeopathic Health Centre at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) Doornfontein campus, over a period of four weeks. A randomised sample of 34 male and female participants between the ages of 18 and 45 years who suffered from CTTHs were recruited by means of purposive sampling via advertisements placed on the UJ campus. At the initial consultation (day 0), prospective participants were requested to sign the Participant Information and Consent Form. The participants were then requested to complete the Screening Questionnaire to assess their eligibility for participating in the study. Participants’ meeting the diagnostic criteria for CTTHs, and those whose symptoms matched at least eight out of the twelve Lacticum acidum headache-related symptoms, were eligible to participate in the study. Participants’ were placed into matched pairs, according to gender and age. Participants in both groups received one 30 mL bottle of their respectively dispensed and labelled medication. On days 1-28 the participant was requested to complete the modified Headache Diary at the end of each day and to take 5 pillules of the medication in the morning and in the evening of each day. The first follow-up visit occurred on day 14; here participants completed the Headache Disability Inventory; the completed headache diaries were exchanged with new ones, a physical examination with vital signs was conducted and an additional bottle of medication was given. The second and final follow-up vi visit occurred on day 28, where the participant completed the Headache Disability Inventory, and a physical examination with vital signs was conducted. The average duration (time), intensity, frequency of headaches, and medication use was recorded on a daily basis and the level of perceived disability from CTTHs was measured weekly. This was conducted by completing the modified Headache Diary and the Headache Disability Inventory respectively. The data from the study was evaluated and analysed using frequencies and descriptive tests, cross tabulations, the Shapiro Wilk test, the Mann-Whitney test, and the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests ...

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Forsyth, Juliette Faye. "The relationship of myofascial trigger points of the pericranial musculature and episodic tension-type headache." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1895.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) of the pericranial musculature and the clinical presentation of episodic tension-type headache (ETTH). It set out to determine the extent to which MPS is related to the nature of the ETTH. ETTH is a very prevalent disorder, common to individuals in their third decade, and particularly females. Current literature suggests a multi-factorial aetiology, combining psychological and neuromusculoskeletal mechanisms, to name a few. Due to the many facets of this disorder, it has, for a long time, provided a challenge to the practitioner with regard to patient treatment and management. MPS is a condition that may affect any number of muscles, resulting in motor, sensory and autonomic symptoms. MPS of the pericranial muscles, namely the upper Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Temporalis and Suboccipital muscles, produces a referred pain pattern similar to the pain pattern experienced during an ETTH. The literature states that the pain produced by MPS has been somewhat overlooked and it was thus necessary to further investigate the myofascial component of ETTH. This study was a quantitative, pilot, non-intervention, clinical assessment study, which required forty participants residing in the province of Kwa-Zulu Natal suffering from ETTH. The clinical assessment included a case history and physical and cervical examinations. The participants were requested to complete a headache diary over a period of 14 days. Following this, they returned to the Chiropractic Day Clinic for a second consultation. Data was collected at both consultations and the participant was offered one free treatment. The headache diary and Numerical Pain Rating Scale provided the subjective measurements, while the algometer and Myofascial Diagnostic Scale were used to gather the objective measurements.
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Pyper, Candice Nicola. "The effects of chiropractic manipulation on electromyographic findings in patients with tension-type headache." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2851.

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Chen, Pien-Shen, and 陳姵瑱. "Patterns of personality, daily hassles, appraisal, coping and emotion in migraine and tension-type headache." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65720324360665026056.

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碩士
輔仁大學
心理學系
93
Research background & aim: Considering researches about stress on headache haven’t completed which they have just studied parts of variables in stress process, so this study has two purposes. The first purpose was to investigate differences and specialty in each stress variables among migraine headache (MH), tension-type headache (TH) and control group. Variables of stress included personality factors, density of daily hassles, appraisals and coping of daily hassles, effectiveness and satisfaction of coping and emotional outcomes. We also investigate differences in subjective characteristics of headache, appraisals of headache, coping with headache, effectiveness and satisfaction of headache coping between MH and TH groups. Furthermore, based on transactional model of stress of Lazarus and Folkman, the second purpose of this study was to test pattern of relationship of stress variables in MH or TH groups. Methods: Fifty MH suffers, forty-five TH suffers, and forty-one controls were scheduled in our study. Both of headache participators were asked to complete a package questionnaires there included the demographic data, the Daily Hassle Scale, the Cognitive Appraisal of Daily Hassle, the Coping Strategies Inventory, the Cognitive Appraisal of headache, the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, the Emotion Inventory, and the NEO PI-R. The control group had also completed those questionnaires except the Cognitive Appraisal of headache and the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory. For examining the hypothesis of this study, the independent-samples t test, the Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, the logistic regression, and the canonical correlation were conducted for statistics analysis. Result: (1) In terms of personality, MH group had significantly higher scores on neuroticism, anxiety, anger hostility, depression and lower scores on extraversion, warmth, and gregariousness than controls. TH group had significantly higher scores on neuroticism and anxiety and lower scores on deliberation than controls. (2) MH group reported higher frequency, severity and density of daily hassles than control group. (3) In appraisals of daily hassles, MH group perceived more importance, threat, motivational incongruence and less control, effectiveness, emotion-focused coping potential than control group, but TH group perceived only more importance than control group, MH group perceived more threat than TH group. (4) MH and TH suffers had different pain characteristics such as pain location. (5) In copings with daily hassles, MH group reported greater use of self criticism, social withdraw, and emotion disengagement than control group. TH group reported fewer use of social support than control group. MH group perceived lower effectiveness of coping than control group. (6) In ways of coping with headache, MH group were more than TH group in days of taking medications, but two groups did not differ in effectiveness and satisfaction of coping. (7) Compared to controls, MH group showed higher levels of extensive worry, somatic worry, depression, disquiet and dysthymia. Compared to controls, TH group showed higher level of somatic worry. MH showed higher level of dysthymia than TH group. (8) Logistic regression revealed that: (a) Personality of anxiety and gregariousness, and appraisals of threat reliably differentiated MH and controls; (b) Personality of anxiety, appraisals of importance and emotion-focused coping potential and coping of social support reliably differentiated TH and controls; (c) Severity of daily hassles and appraisals of threat reliably differentiated two headache groups. (9) In the MH group, results of canonical correlation indicated that: (a) higher neuroticism and frequency and severity of daily hassles were associated with higher negative appraisal; (b) lower positive appraisal was associated with fewer use of engagement and more use of disengagement coping; (c) more use of disengagement coping was associated with lower effectiveness of coping and higher negative emotion. In the TH group, results of canonical correlation indicated that: (a) higher neuroticism and frequency and severity of daily hassles were associated with higher negative and lower positive appraisal; (b) higher negative appraisal was associated with more use of engagement and disengagement coping; (c) lower positive appraisal was associated with more use of disengagement coping; (d) more use of engagement and disengagement coping were associated with higher negative emotion. Conclusions: Our results showed MH, TH and control groups differed in term of personality, daily hassles, appraisal, coping, effectiveness of coping, and emotions. From the stress model and canonical correlation results, we confirmed that variables of stress presented the contributions on two types of headache in the different combinations each other. This finding can also suggest using in clinical practice as therapeutic regimens on headache patients.

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Muller, Barry Philip. "The prevalence of cervical spine dysfunction in tension-type headache subjects compared to nonheadache subjects." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1984.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirement for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999.
The aim of this investigation was to establish the prevalence of cervical spm e dysfunction in tension-type headache subjects, as opposed to nonheadache subj ects, in terms of specific objective clinical criteria. The researcher postulated that in order to alleviate a tension-type headache, adequate attention should be grve n to the treatment of hypothesised that there would, firstly, be a difference in the prevalence of cervical spine dysfunction in tension-type headache as opposed to nonheadache subjects, in terms of objective clinical find i ngs, and second ly, a di fferen ce int he 0 bj ecti ve fi nd ings on analysis of the intra-group data after treatment, would confirm that these components of cervical spine dysfunction, in tensiontype headache patients, could be corrected using manipulation. Fourty subjects were diagnosed as having tension-type headaches and fourty nonheadache subjects were assessed to see if they fell into the nonheadache group. From the headache group, twenty subjects were randomly recruited to a treatment group. The subjects ages were selected from the general population and were aged between 18 and 44. The treatment group received eh i ropractic adju stment( s) after light soft ti ssue therapy for 6 treatments over a period of 3 weeks.
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Angus, Antony Keith. "A study of the efficacy of manipulation as opposed to cryotherapy and manipulation in the treatment of tension-type headache." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2891.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1997.
The purpose of this investigation, was to determine what role cryotherapy plays in conjunction with manipulation headaches.
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Mulgaonkar, Ashwini Prasanna. "Autonomic nervous system function in children and adolescents with primary headache disorders." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14356.

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The relationship between autonomic dysfunction and primary headache disorders has been established in the adult population. The aim of this retrospective study was to elucidate if there was a similar association in the pediatric primary headache population. Three groups were compared - migraine patients, tension-type headache patients and idiopathic scoliosis patients as a control group. Utilizing clinical data collected during patients' initial visits, prevalence of autonomic dysfunction symptoms were quantified. The headache groups also filled out the Functional Disability Index (FDI) as well as the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) to help elucidate if there was a relationship between function disability, psychiatric state and primary headaches and/or autonomic dysfunction symptoms. It was found that the headache groups had significantly greater dysautonomia as compared to the control group. Only slight differences were found between the migraine and tension-type patients in regards to dysautonomia. No significant differences were found in total FDI or CDI scores. These results illuminate a relationship between autonomic nervous system dysfunction and primary headache disorders in the pediatric population studied. Prospective studies and the development of standardized dysautonomia questionnaires will allow a more detailed autonomic dysfunction profile to be built for this population.

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Van, Staden Wilna-Mari. "The association between myofascial trigger-points in the masseter muscle group and episodic tension-type headaches, in the Waterberg District." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12659.

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Headache is a common complaint in society and is related to personal, biomechanical and socioeconomic circumstances. In current literature trigger-points (TrPs) in the majority of the muscles of the face and neck contributing to tension-type headache (TTH) have been evaluated, except the TrPs of the masseter muscles. The aim of this studyis to determine the association between myofascial (TrPs) in the masseter muscle group and episodic tension-type headache (ETTH). Fourteen subjects with ETTH were matched with same sex and same age subjects not suffering from headache acting as the control group. The diagnostic criteria as described by Simons and Travel (1999) were used in the objective tests to diagnose the TrPs in the masseter muscles. Subjective tests included a disability questionnaire, National stress awareness day stress questionnaire, (NSAD stress questionnaire), a precipitating and aggravating factors questionnaire. Active TrPs were found in 92.86% of ETTH group and 7.14% had latent TrPs. Within the control group 7.14% had active TrPs, 14.29% latent TrPs and 78.37% had no TrPs.Differences in the presence of masseter TrPs between the ETTH and control group were significant with p-value <0.001. All the questions asked in the headache disability questionnaire evaluating headache frequency, intensity and severity were significantwith p-value<0.005. The NSAD stress questionnaire revealed statistical significant values for questions pertaining to muscular aches and pains and subjectively subjects claimed that theyfelt tension at work. The precipitating questionnaire showed that physical activity, stress / tension and reading were significant precipitating factors for developing a tension-type headache. The aggravating questionnaire only showed light as an aggravating factor. Stress and tension had 100% “yes”answers in the ETTH group.Weather as an aggravating factor had 100% “no” answersfrom the control group.Physical activity, driving and noise had relative high percentages of “yes”answers from the ETTH group and higher probability scores for being an aggravating factor whencomparing the ETTH and control group, but were not found to be statistically significant. Myofascial TrPs in the masseter muscle group contribute to the origin and or maintenance of ETTH.

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Legoete, Kgosietsile. "The relative effectiveness of cervical spine manipulation and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Ibuprofen) in the treatment of episodic tension-type headaches." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/523.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2010.
The 1 year overall prevalence of Episodic Tension-Type Headache (ETTH) is 38.3%; with lifetime prevalence at 46% for TTH. Little literature exists to support the effectiveness of spinal manipulation in the treatment of ETTH. Therefore aim of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of cervical spine manipulation and a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (Ibuprofen®) in the treatment of ETTH. Method: This study was a prospective randomised clinical trial with two intervention groups (N=32, n1=16 and n2=16). The allocation of participants to the two groups was completed by means of simple randomization. Group one were treated using cervical spine manipulation. Group two were treated using Ibuprofen. Subjective measurements included the Numerical Rating Scale 101 Questionnaire (NRS-101), Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), CMCC Neck Disability Index (CMCC) and Headache Diary. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The subjective measurements of the NRS-101, SF-MPQ and CMCC showed a significant time effect in both treatment groups. Several of the subjective Headaches Diary outcomes followed this trend with significant time effect in both groups. There was a significant treatment effect for the NRS-101. Several subject outcomes from the Headache Diary showed a significant treatment effect in favour of manipulation, namely frequency and duration of headaches. Conclusion: The findings in this study have shown that cervical spine manipulation is more effective than Ibuprofen® for the treatment of ETTH in terms of several subjective outcomes namely: pain intensity (NRS-101), and the frequency and the duration of headache per day.

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De, Busser Nikki Lauren. "The relative effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation in conjunction with soft tissue treatment, as compared with soft tissue treatment alone, in the management of tension-type headaches in children." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2108.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2001.
Episodic tension-type is a highly prevalent condition with a significant functional impact at home and school (Schwartz et al. 1998). In children as in adults, it is the most common form of headache that a chiropractor will encounter in clinical practice (Davies 2000). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation in conjunction with soft tissue treatment, as compared with soft tissue treatment alone, in the management of Episodic tension-type headache in children and adolescents. It was hypothesised that manipulation in conjunction with soft tissue treatment would provide a significant long-term benefit in comparison to soft tissue treatment alone. This study was performed as a clinical trial conducted at the Technikon Natal Chiropractic Day Clinic. Thirty children between the ages of eight to eighteen presenting with Episodic tension-type headache were selected to participate in the study and were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Patients in both groups were treated six times over a period of three weeks and were monitored with respect to their headache using a headache diary for one week prior to and one week following the course of treatment. A final assessment was performed once the patients had completed the headache diary for the second time. Both groups received a ten minute massage of the cervical and upper thoracic musculature, while patients in group A received chiropractic manipulation of the cervical and upper thoracic spine as well.
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Fonseca, Shane Warren. "The effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy and trans-cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation versus spinal manipulative therapy and placebo trans-cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of mild to moderate chronic tension-type headache." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1947.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2002.
Headaches have been described as the most common medical complaint in society (Dalessia 1987:3), and Tension-type headaches constitute approximately 80% of these (Martin 1993:22). Although Episodic tension-type headache is more prevalent than Chronic tension-type headache and may have a greater societal impact, Chronic tension-type headache has by far a greater individual impact (Schwartz et aI, 1998) on the patient. The exact causes of Chronic tension-type headaches are not known and, as a result, treatment is commonly symptomatic in nature and aimed at reducing pain. To date, treatment commonly involves the use of drugs and with it comes the threat of drug-induced side-effects (Bendtsen et aI, 1996). The purpose of this study was to investigate two non-pharmacological treatments in the management of Chronic tension-type headaches, namely the relative effectiveness of Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) in conjunction with Trans-cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), as compared with SMT and placebo TENS. ABSTRACT It was hypothesized that SMT in conjunction with TENS would provide a greater immediate and short-term benefit in comparison to SMT and placebo TENS in the treatment of mild
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Thomson, Deborah Anne. "A clinical trial to investigate the relative effectiveness of acetaminophen with caffeine as opposed to cervical manipulation in the treatment of tension-type headache." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2820.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 2002.
Tension-type headache is generally accepted as the most common form of headache and has been shown to have a great impact on work and social activities (Shwartz et al. 1998). Tension-type headache occurs in 39% of people who suffer from headache symptoms with a higher incidence among females, and a peak in the 25-44 year old age group (Wong et al. 1995). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of 1000mg acetaminophen (paracetamol) combined with 130mg caffeine as opposed to cervical manipulation as a treatment for tension-type headache.
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Orkan, Shahaf. "Comparison between chiropractic cervical spine manipulation and needling of acupuncture points in the treatment of tension - type headaches." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6914.

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M.Tech.
Purpose: Acupuncture has been a controversial issue in the medical world for many years before the sceptic western medicine slowly adopted its idea. Some mechanisms for pain relief were clinically researched and proven to be valid as well as effective in treating tension-type headaches (Stux, Berman and Pomerantz, 2003) The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effects of cervical spine manipulation and needling of acupuncture points in those patients with tension-type headache and suggest another complimentary treatment to the chiropractic manipulation, especially in those patients where manipulation is contraindicated to manipulation. If found to be effective, various mechanisms have been suggested in the formation of tension headache episodes. Those mechanisms may be alterations within the spinal cord and/or brainstem gating mechanisms as a result of facet joint dysfunction, sensitization of nociceptors in the peripheral structures of the body and psychological factors. Method: This study consisted of two groups, consisting of 16 subjects in each group. All participants were screened for tension-type headaches and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five. Group 1 received chiropractic manipulation treatment to the most restricted levels in their cervical spine. Group 2 received treatment consisting of needling of acupuncture points to specific predetermined points. Procedure: Each successful candidate was treated six times over a 3 week period which included a total of seven sessions. Before the beginning of the treatment, the successful candidate completed the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Readings for cervical spine ranges of motion were then taken with a CROM device. In group 1, chiropractic manipulation was then delivered to the most restricted segments in the cervical spine. In group 2, needling of six predetermined acupuncture points for relieving tension-type headache was performed bilaterally. The same treatment procedure was administered at sessions one through six, the CROM readings and questionnaires were taken in sessions one, three, five and seven. Results: The results were obtained by using the Mann-Whitney U and t-test. No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups, when comparing the 2 treatment methods at the visits. However, both groups showed a statistically significant improvement over time within each group individually for subjective measurements and for right lateral flexion in the objective measurements. Conclusion: The results were inconclusive with regards to the prolonged effects of chiropractic manipulation and needling of acupuncture points on cervical spine range of motion in patients with tension-type headache. However, it was concluded that both methods of treatment had beneficial effects on how the participants perceived their pain and disability. Due to the small group of subjects and relatively short duration of the study, accurate conclusions could not be formulated. The findings obtained were insignificant and further research needs to be performed on the effects of cervical spine manipulation and needling of acupuncture points on those suffering with tension-type headache.

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Kidson, Mark Andrew Rex. "A comparison of the initial and short term effects of cervical spine adjustments and acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of mild to moderate episodic tension-type headache and its recurrence." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2049.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2001.
Episodic tension-type headache is more prevalent than chronic tension-type headache (Schwartz, et al. 1998). The exact causes of episodic tension-type headaches are not known (Headache Classification Committee, 1988:30-31). Episodic tension-type headache and chronic tension-type headache have different characteristics. Thus the mechanism of episodic tension-type headache is still unclear, and should be studied separately from chronic tension-type headache (Kim, et al. 1995). Presently, studies conflict with regard to spinal manipulation and its efficacy in the treatment of episodic tension-type headache. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of 500mg of acetylsalicylic acid as opposed to cervical spine manipulation for the treatment of episodic tension-type headache. It was hypothesized that manipulation would provide a significantly greater immediate and short-term benefit in comparison to acetylsalicylic acid. This study was conducted as a clinical trial at the Technikon Natal Chiropractic Day Clinic. Sixty patients presenting with episodic tension-type headaches were selected and randomly allocated into two equal groups. Patient's were provided with one of the two treatments at the initial consultation, and again upon a second consultation after a minimum 'washout period' of forty-eight hours, but within two weeks. Patient's in Group 1 received cervical spine manipulation, whereas patients in Group 2 received 500mg of acetylsalicylic acid. The subjective responses of each patient were recorded by means of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, the CMCC Neck
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Duani, Victor. "An investigation into the role of forward head posture as an associated factor in the presentation of episodic tension-type and cervicogenic headaches." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/580.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2010.
Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural abnormality, often associated with myofascial trigger points which can result in head and neck pain. The craniovertebral (CV) angle lies between a horizontal line running through C7 spinous process and a line connecting C7 spinous process to the tragus of the ear. The smaller the angle the greater the FHP. Cervical musculoskeletal abnormalities have often been linked to headache types, most especially episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) and cervicogenic headaches (CGH). Objectives: To determine whether an association exists between FHP, distance of the external auditory meatus (EAM) from the plumbline and cervical range of motion and the presentation of ETTH and CGH. Method: This was a quantitative comparative study (n=60) comparing three equal groups, one with ETTH, CGH and healthy controls. The FHP of the Subjects FHP was assessed by measuring the CV angle. A lateral digital photograph was taken to assess the distance of the external auditory meatus from the plumbline. Lastly, cervical range of motion was measured. The two symptomatic groups also received a headache diary for a fourteen day period monitoring frequency, intensity and duration of their headaches. Result: The two symptomatic groups had a smaller CV angle and a greater distance from the plumbline (p<0.05) than the asymptomatic group. The asymptomatic group had a significantly greater flexion (p=0.009), extension (p=0.038) and left rotation (p=0.018) range of motion than the two symptomatic groups. The CGH group had a significant positive correlation between the distance of the EAM from the plumbline and the intensity of headaches. The ETTH group had a significant positive correlation between the right craniovertebral angle and the mean duration of headaches. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that patients presenting with ETTH and/or CGH may have associated postural abnormalities that may act as a trigger or a contributory factor to the presenting headache.
Durban University of Technology

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Trollope, Leslie John Watts. "The relative effectiveness of cervical spine manipulation alone, dry needling alone and cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling for the treatment of episodic tension-type headaches." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/582.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2010.
Episodic Tension–type headache (ETTH), which has a high prevalence, is the most common headache. Manual therapeutic approaches towards Episodic Tension-Type Headaches (ETTHs) have not been fully explored. However, cervical spine manipulation (CSM) and dry needling are found to be successful modalities for the treatment of tension-type headache (TTH). Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of CSM alone, dry needling alone and CSM combined with dry needling in the treatment of ETTHs. Objectives The objectives of this study include: determining the effectiveness of CSM alone, dry needling alone and CSM combined with dry needling in terms of objective and subjective data for the treatment of ETTHs. Method Forty five participants suffering from ETTHs, between the ages of eighteen and fifty, were recruited through convenience sampling and were randomly allocated to one of three equal groups (15 per group). The three different groups were: (A); CSM alone, (B); dry needling alone and (C); CSM in addition to dry needling. The study took place over a period of four weeks involving six consultations. Each participant received a headache diary for the duration of the study. At the first consultation the participant received the headache diary and was monitored for one week before the treatments commenced. Thereafter, four treatments were administered over the next two weeks, depending on group allocation. Participants were also monitored with the headache diary for one week after the last treatment. The objective data for each participant consisted of cervical range of motion (CROM) and pressure–pain threshold readings, measured using a CROM goniometer and an algometer respectively. The subjective data for each participant was collected using a headache diary and a headache questionnaire/disability index. SAS version 9.1.3 was used to analyse the data. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results A decrease in headache duration, frequency, intensity and severity and increases in CROM and algometer measurements were observed in all groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the three groups in terms of objective and subjective measurements although, a statistically significant improvement from consultation five to six was found in Group C in terms of headache disability. Conclusion CSM and dry needling, used in isolation or in combination are effective in the treatment of ETTHs although Group C did show superiority over the other groups in the long term with respect to the disability index.

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Prithipal, Ashna. "The effectiveness of myofascial trigger point therapy in the treatment of episodic tension-type headache in adults : a comparison of 3 manual interventions applied to the posterior cervical musculature." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/252.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2003 1 v. (various pagings)
Headaches are one of the most common clinical problems in medicine (Edwards et al. 1995). It is estimated that one in three people suffer from headaches at some stage in their life (Kim et al. 1995). It is an extremely common complaint in the industrialized world (Nilsson, 1997) and has a significant impact on employee absenteeism, productivity and quality of life (Schwartz et al. 1997). In the United States more than 15 000 tons of Aspirin is consumed annually for the relief of headaches, and the cost of evaluation and treatment of headache patients consumes millions of dollars a year (Bernat and Vincent, 1993). Tension - type headache is the commonest form of headaches (Edwards et al. 1995). It is a highly prevalent condition experienced annually by 30 - 70% of the population, and as a chief complaint, it constitutes 5 - 8% of Chiropractic patients (Vernon and McDermaid, 1998). It is divided into an Episodic and Chronic form (IHS, 1991:29), with Episodic Tension-type headache being far more prevalent than Chronic Tension-type headache (Schwartz et al. 1998). Episodic Tension-type headache is further subdivided according to the presence or absence of a muscular factor. According to the International Headache Society (1991:29) for decades a dispute has prevailed concerning the importance of muscle contraction in the pathogenesis of the headache, but conclusive studies are still lacking (IHS, 1991:29). Based on the IHS (1991:29) classification that tension-type headache is associated with a muscular component, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of specific myofascial trigger point therapy in the clinical presentation of Episodic Tension-type headache.

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Cartwright, Gaynor Dorothy. "The relative effectiveness of combined spinal manipulative therapy and occlusional splint therapy in the treatment of chronic tension-type headaches." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2756.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology in Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 2002.
The purpose of this study, was to investigate and determine what role the treatment of nocturnal bruxism, in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy, would play in the management of tension-type headaches.
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Henry, Justin Michael. "The relative effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen®) and a taping method (Kinesio Taping® Method) in the treatment of episodic tension-type headaches." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/521.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009.
Headaches are one of the most common clinical conditions in medicine, and 80% of these are tension-type headaches (TTH). TTH has a greater socioeconomic impact than any other type of headache due to its prevalence. Within the TTH category, episodic TTH are more prevalent than chronic TTH. The mainstay in the treatment of TTH are simple analgesics and NSAIDs. Unless contraindicated, NSAIDs are often the most effective treatment for ETTH. However patients suffering with TTH tend to relate their headaches to increased muscle stiffness in the neck and shoulders and thus the non-pharmacological treatment of ETTH could be directed at the associated musculoskeletal components of ETTH. It is therefore proposed that the Kinesio Taping® Method may have an effect in the treatment of the muscular component of ETTH. Method: This study was a prospective randomised clinical trial with two intervention groups (n=16) aimed at determining the relative effectiveness of a NSAID and the Kinesio Taping® Method in the treatment of ETTHs. The patients were treated at 5 consultations over a 3 week period. Feedback was obtained using the: NRS – 101, the CMCC Neck Disability Index and a Headache Diary. Results: The Headache Diary showed a reduction in the presence and number, mean duration and pain intensity of ETTH in both groups. These treatment effects were sustained after the cessation of treatment with the exception of mean pain intensity in the Kinesio Taping® Method group. The mean NRS score decreased in both groups but at a slightly faster rate in the Kinesio Taping® Method group. The CMCC showed an improvement in the functional ability of the patients in both groups. Conclusion: There seems to be no significant difference in the relative effectiveness of the treatment modalities. We can thus state that the overall short-term reduction in symptomatology supports the use of NSAIDs or Kinesio Taping® Method in the treatment of ETTH.

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Franco, Laurent. "Efficacité d'un appareil d'avancement mandibulaire dans le traitement des céphalées matinales." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8163.

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"Surface EMG home trainers or progressive relaxation training: Comparing home practice interventions for the treatment of coexisting migraine and tension-type pediatric headache." UNION INSTITUTE AND UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3289572.

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Moosajee, Nazreen. "A study to determine the effects of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint versus ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the treatment of tension-type headaches." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12367.

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M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
Headache is the most common type of pain and is one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultation (Rasmussen, 1995). Tension-type headaches cause substantial levels of disability for the patient as well as the global society because of its high prevalence in the general population (Stovner, Hagen, Jensen, 2007). Tension-Type headache is a primary headache commonly found in three forms: infrequent episodic, frequent episodic and chronic with or without pericranial tenderness (International Headache Society, 2009). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint in conjunction with ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle as a treatment protocol for tension-type headache. Method: This study consisted of three groups of sixteen participants each with tension-type headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 25 years of age. Potential participants were examined and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group one received chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint. Group two received ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Group three received a combination treatment of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint and ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Objective and subjective finding were based on the treatment sessions. Procedure: All participants received a total of six treatments over two weeks followed by a seventh visit which consisted of data gathering only. The subjective data collected was in the form of a TMJ symptom questionnaire completed at visit one and seven and a Headache Disability Index (HDI) completed at visits one, three and seven. TMJ motion was measured by means of a vernier caliper.

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Holinská, Eliška. "Farmakoterapie bolestí hlavy u dospělých." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388777.

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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Eliška Holinská Supervisor: Prof. MUDr. Radomír Hrdina, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacoteraphy of headache in adults Headache is one of the most common health problem that encounters almost everyone during the life. Depending on the cause, headaches can be divided on the primary headaches, which are the subject of the diploma thesis, and secondary headaches, which are caused by other diseases. The primary headaches are migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache and primary chronic daily headache. Headache is not a life-threating condition but it can significantly reduce the quality of life, particularly the chronic forms of headache. The determination of the right diagnosis is essential for the choice of appropriate therapy. For primary headache are typical negative test results, there are no structural lesions or signs of organic brain damage. Diagnostics is comlicated and it is primarily based on a carefully processed medical history. In the therapy of primary headache are used both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, optimaly in combination. Pharmacological treatment consists of preventive and acute therapy. The preventive treatment is given to reduce the...

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Liaw, Yueh-Gan, and 廖月甘. "The Prevalence Rate and clinical Presentation of Migraine and Tension-Type Headaches Among Students in a University." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58433882338794528680.

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碩士
高雄醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
85
This study was designed to investigate the lifetime prevalence rate and clinical manifestation of migraine and tension-type headache in university students. The method of the study was via questionnaire. The screening criteria for the migraine and tension-type headaches were based on the definition from the Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society in 1988. The questionnaires were distributed to 6662 students, and 4110 questionnaires returned with a return rate of 61.7%. 2719 of the respondents were male, and 1391 female. There were 62 cases of migrainers, with the lifetime prevalence rate of 1.5%. The prevalence rate of the male student population was 1%, and that of in the female student population was 2.5%. There were 185 cases with tension-type headaches. The lifetime prevalence rate of tension-type headaches was 4.5%. The prevalence rate of the male population was 3.5%, and that is in the female student population was 6.5%. There was a statistical significant difference between male and female students in the prevalenceof both migraine and tension type headaches (P<0.05). The following are clinical presentation and relative significant factors for migraine and tension-type headaches. The first migraine occurred between the ages of 10 and 19, with the peak incidence at age 13 for female students . The first tension-type headache occurred between the ages of 15 and 16. Fatigue, anxiety, intensive exercise, lack of sleep, problems with course work and noise were the frequent precipitating factors for migraine and tension-type headache. In the case of the migraine, there were four factors with a statistical significant difference between male and female students. These were anger, heavy activity, lack of sleep, and dreaming all night. In tension-type headache, problems with course work, anxiety, drugs, fatigue, noise, insomnia or early wakening, dreaming all night and lack of sleep were the statistically significant precipitation factors (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among male and female students in their daily activity, school attendance, seeking of medical attention, laboratory examination, diagnosis, and management for those cases of migraine and tension-type headaches. Rest, sleep, medication, or medical attention were the most frequent choices of management among students with migraine and tension-type headaches. There was no statistical difference between male and female students in this issue. The student''s mother suffering migraine, brothers suffering headaches, head injury, motion sickness and emotion-prone personality were more commonly found among students with migraine. In tension-type headaches, the correlated factors were the student''s mother and sisters suffering headaches, head injury, motion sickness, and emotion-prone personality. In summary, this questionnaire study revealed the lifetime prevalence rate of migraine at 1.5% and that of tension-type headache at 4.5%. There was a statistical significant difference between the male and female students in lifetime prevalence rate of migraine and tension type headaches (P<0.05). This study supported the lower lifetime prevalence rate of both migraine and tension-type headaches in eastern countries in comparison with that of in western countries. Menstruation played an important role in migraine, but not in tension-type headaches in female students. In migraine and tension-type headaches, the individual past history and family showed a significant odd*s ratio. Key words: migraine, tension-type headache, prevalence

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