Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tentative language

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Tentative language'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tentative language"

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Svendsen, Amalie Due. "Lakoff and Women’s Language." Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, no. 4 (March 10, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i4.112651.

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In Language and Woman’s Place (1973), Robin T. Lakoff argues that women’s subordinate position in society is manifested in and maintained by their tentative speech style. Since the publication of the study, this claim has achieved great attention in the field of language and gender, and various scholars have examined the features of Lakoff’s ‘women’s language’ empirically. This article creates a critical overview of four studies investigating specific features of tentative language, primarily tag questions, and discusses to what extent their findings support Lakoff’s thesis. While all the studies find that women employ more tentative features than men, they also observe that tentative language serves facilitative functions in interaction. Thus, tentative language cannot be understood exclusively as a deficient contrast to assertive language. A nuanced understanding of tentative language requires a functional perspective that recognizes the efficient social functions of the speech style.
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Klimova, Blanka Frydrychova. "Using Tentative Language in English." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 116 (February 2014): 661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.275.

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Klinke, Julie. "Tentative Language Is Kind of Complicated, Isn’t It?" Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i3.107779.

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Some sociolinguists, notably Robin Lakoff, have argued that tentative language is typical of female speakers. However, other studies indicate that gender may not be the only independent variable affecting the use of tentative language. This overview examines the claim that women’s speech is inherently less assertive by critically evaluating the methods and findings of four studies of gender-related use of tentative language. The alternative independent variables that are considered are the gender of the addressee, group composition, gender salience, and topic. The dependent variables vary from study to study, but all fall under the label “tentative language,” such as hedging and tag questions. It is concluded that while there is some evidence the speaker’s gender affects the use of tentative language, the aforementioned variables are likely to have an effect as well. Therefore, this overview supports the theory that considering tentative language typical of women’s speech is a simplified interpretation.
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Preisler, Bent. "The tentative female." English Today 3, no. 4 (October 1987): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400003102.

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In ET1, Jenny Cheshire looked at male bias and in ET2 Mary Brown Parlee discussed ‘genderlects’ and conversational politics. A Danish linguist now presents some evidence that women and men do use the language differently.
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CULIBERG, Luka. "Japanese Language, Standard Language, National Language: Rethinking Language and Nation." Asian Studies 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2013.1.2.21-33.

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The paper examines the relationship between language and nation through the historical process by which the modern Japanese language came to exist and proposes a tentative answer as to what this says about the nature of phenomena such as language and nation themselves. The paper suggests that if language is understood as an actually existing natural and definable object, it must indeed be claimed that the Japanese language is no more than a hundred years old.
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Hawkes, Katharine C., Harris S. Edelman, and David K. Dodd. "Language Style and Evaluation of a Female Speaker." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 1 (August 1996): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.1.80.

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This study examined the effect of style of speech (“tentative” vs assertive) used by a female speaker upon the evaluations made by college students. Both men and women evaluated the assertive speaker more favorably than the tentative speaker. The hypothesis that men would devaluate the assertive woman was not supported.
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Dorfman, Ariel. "Language of survival." Index on Censorship 26, no. 3 (May 1997): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209702600305.

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What separates intolerance from violence? Is there any way of making sure that one does not turn into the other? An encounter I had over 10 years ago may provide a way into these questions, a tentative answer
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Ma, Rong, and Anita Atwell Seate. "Reexamining the Use of Tentative Language in Emails: The Effects of Gender Salience and Gender Typicality." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 36, no. 6 (April 28, 2017): 694–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x17706941.

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Drawing on self-categorization theory, the current study examines the effects of gender salience and interlocutor gender typicality on men and women’s use of tentative language in emails. We conducted an experiment manipulating identity salience using gender-stereotypic conversation topics, and typicality using biographies of the fictitious female interlocutor. The results were consistent with self-categorization theory and previous research on gender-based language use: Men were more tentative when discussing a conversation topic in which their gender group was not considered experts. More important, interlocutor gender typicality influenced participants’ tentative language, such that when the interlocutor was a typical woman, men and women became more tentative discussing a conversation topic in which they were not considered experts. This study has implications for future research on the contextual factors that may influence the use of language in both intragroup and intergroup communication.
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Ogawa, Hiroshi. "A tentative categorical typification of the language in sports." Journal of the Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education 17, no. 2 (1995): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9772/jpspe1979.17.2_3.

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McMAHON, APRIL. "Prosodic change and language contact." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, no. 2 (July 23, 2004): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672890400152x.

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Using evidence from first-hand experimental work and existing studies, Colantoni and Gurlekian take a tentative but encouraging step towards exploring the role of contact in explaining intonational change. Their central question is whether Buenos Aires Spanish intonation is distinctive relative to other varieties of Spanish; and if so, whether that distinctiveness is due to contact with Italian.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tentative language"

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Levy, Catherine M. B. R. "A tentative description of Awar phonology and morphology: lower Ramu family, Papua-New Guinea." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211386.

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Krol, Anna. "La dimension éthique de la communication langagière : tentative de construction d'un modèle éthique de la communication." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAP001/document.

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La problématique de mes recherches porte sur le langage – plus particulièrement, la communication humaine dans la perspective interdisciplinaire. Ainsi mes recherches puisent dans la philosophie (la philosophie du langage, l’éthique), la sociologie (Goffman, Mead), la psychologie (Piaget, Kohlberg, Watzlawick), la sociolinguistique, la linguistique (Jakobson, Buhler), la communication (Craig, McQuail) la neuroéthique (Patricia Churchland, Martha J. Farah). Cette « mosaïque » disciplinaire a pour objectif d’étudier la complexité de la communication interpersonnelle sous plusieurs points de vue afin de bien déterminer ses éléments « techniquement » constitutifs. Ceci permettra d’établir un groupe des facteurs qui jouent un rôle important dans la constitution de l’éthique de la communication
The problematic of my research concerns language - in particular, human communication in the interdisciplinary perspective. My research is based on philosophy (philosophy of language, ethics), sociology (Goffman, Mead), psychology (Piaget, Kohlberg, Watzlawick), sociolinguistics, linguistics (Jakobson, Buhler) Craig, McQuail) neuroethics (Patricia Churchland, Martha J. Farah). This disciplinary "mosaic" aims to study the complexity of interpersonal communication from several points of view in order to determine its "technically" constitutive elements. This will help establish a group of factors that play an important role in shaping the ethics of communication
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Serpault, Pauline. "Tentative d'analyse énonciative de have to." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC019/document.

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Ce travail examine les différents emplois de have to en anglais contemporain à partir d’un corpus d’énoncés authentiques. Il tente de dégager, en ayant recours aux outils de la théorie des opérations énonciatives d’Antoine Culioli, des invariances de fonctionnement, dans le but de fournir des emplois de la forme une représentation unifiée, à même de rendre compte de l’ensemble des variations sémantiques observables en contexte. L’approche est en partie compositionnelle : l’analyse révèle en effet que le fonctionnement de have to peut être appréhendé à partir des opérations dont le verbe have et la particule to sont respectivement les traces, la « localisation » et la « visée ». Les représentations proposées visent également à mettre en évidence la spécificité de have to par contraste avec l’auxiliaire modal must, dont il se voit traditionnellement rapproché sur le plan sémantique, tout en expliquant la possible parenté des valeurs qui leur sont associables au sein de certains contextes
This study explores various uses of have to in contemporary English, relying on empirical data. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the theory of enunciative operations as set out by Antoine Culioli, and aims to identify a set of functional invariants holding across a wide range of contextual meanings. Our formal representations partially build on the operations marked by the verb have and the infinitive particle to, as our analysis suggests that the functioning of have to can be perceived as a product of their combination. These representations also attempt to pinpoint the difference between have to and must, while accounting for the cases in which their meanings seem to overlap
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Lumwamu, François. "Recherches sur la Koine Kongo : tentative de définition du munukutuba." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040419.

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Gilbert, Éric. "Modalités, opérations énonciatives et opérations prédicatives : tentative d'analyse formelle de may, must et can." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070016.

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Ledin, Johanna. "Annan-orientering i masskommunicerande brevtexter : en tentativ modell." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61552.

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The aim of this thesis is to operationalise the concept of other-orientation. Based on an explorative approach, a tentative model for analysing the marks of other-orientation is developed. The model consists of four grammatical and pragmatic categories in language: deixis, speech acts, modality, and evaluative words. The process of finding out the significant marks in each category and develop a model has been an interplay between a thorough linguistic coding, an interpretative, evaluating reading, and abductive reasoning in a step-by-step process. Theoretically the study is based on dialogism. From this perspective, the very fact that human nature is social indicates that other-orientation is a constituent component in every communicative act. For that reason, the challenge has not been to prove that other-orientation exists in texts, but to explore how a text is made interactive, contextual, dynamic and other-oriented by means of grammatical and pragmatic selectives such as words, phrases, and clauses. The data consists of eight personally addressed mass communication letters about everyday matters. Each text has its model reader in a readers’ collective. Consequently the language in the texts is construed to form a dialogue between an in-text writer and reader that share the same context, although the distance between the real writer and reader is crucial. One result of the study is the model as such, another the analyses in which the functions of other-orientation related to the four categories are presented. Moreover, the linguistic analyses show differences between texts and readers’ collectives. Texts aimed at large anonymous collectives generally feature a direct address singular you, a high rate of positive evaluative words, more responsive speech acts, and some more potential modality. In texts aimed at a small familiar collective, there is an "I" or a "we" addressing a collective "you". There are not as many evaluative words but more assertions without any evaluation or modality. When it comes to other-orientation, the categories of deixis and speech acts tend to be of greater importance compared to modality and evaluative words. It makes a difference if you address a reader with a singular or collective "you" and if you choose to interact with responsive speech acts or informative statements. These contrast ways to address a reader are of importance for the construction of genre and say a great deal about other-orientation in texts.
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Hamelin, Lise. "TENTATIVE DE REPRÉSENTATION DE QUELQUES PRÉPOSITIONS DE L'ANGLAIS MODERNE : le cas de TO." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648292.

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Ce travail consiste en un examen systématique d'un certain nombre de valeurs du marqueur to dans ses emplois prépositionnels en anglais contemporain. Le marqueur to est souvent associé à un aspect dynamique et il a, à plusieurs reprises, était représenté au moyen du concept de visée. A partir de ces analyses, et en recourant aux outils développés dans le cadre de la Théorie des Opérations Énonciatives d'Antoine Culioli, nous avons formulé et défendu l'hypothèse qu'il est possible de rendre compte de son fonctionnement au moyen de deux opérations fondamentales, qui sont l'identification et la rupture. Les différentes valeurs associées au marqueur (introduction d'une destination, d'un bénéficiaire, mais aussi d'un résultat) sont alors le fruit de l'interaction des opérations dont to est la trace avec les propriétés des termes du contexte. Des paramètres tels le fonctionnement des termes qu'il met en relation, leur détermination, le type de procès intervenant dans l'énoncé, le mode de repérage de la relation, sont autant de variables qui donnent naissance en contexte à la variation interprétative.
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Sallandre, Marie-Anne. "Les unités du discours en Langue des Signes Française : tentative de catégorisation dans le cadre d'une grammaire de l'iconicité." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185376.

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La première partie de cette thèse aborde la notion d'iconicité des langues vocales et des langues des signes, avec la distinction couramment admise entre iconicité imagique et diagrammatique. Dans une seconde partie, la méthodologie de recueil de données auprès de locuteurs sourds adultes est détaillée. Le corpus vidéo étudié est composé de trente-neuf discours de genres variés (narratif et explicatif) en Langue des Signes Française (LSF). Nous proposons une grille d'analyse composée de nouvelles catégories linguistiques et énonciatives. Celles-ci révèlent la complexité des structures tant sur le plan de la simultanéité (doubles transferts) que du point de vue de leur enchaînement dans l'énoncé (va-et-vient). L'analyse à la fois qualitative et quantitative des données fait l'objet de la dernière partie. Elle consiste à dégager les grandes proportions des différentes catégories, en fonction des visées sémiotiques, résultat d'une bifurcation initiale (Cuxac, 2000). Une attention particulière est portée sur les structures dites de grande iconicité, témoins privilégiés de la visée illustrative. A l'issu de cette étude, nous sommes en mesure de vérifier certaines hypothèses concernant la grammaire spatiale et iconique de la LSF.
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Heydari-Malayeri, Mélanie. "La tentation du devenir-autre. L'oeuvre protéenne de Vikram Seth." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030145.

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Né à Calcutta en 1952, Vikram Seth occupe une place éminemment originale sur la scène littéraire postcoloniale. Manifestement animée par une force centrifuge, l’œuvre de Vikram Seth semble se renouveler perpétuellement : du récit de voyage au recueil de poésie, entre vers et prose, Seth revendique le droit à la métamorphose et épouse tour à tour une myriade de genres. Cette constellation générique manifeste l’aversion profonde de l’auteur pour l’uniformité et son rejet du cloisonnement. L’œuvre de Seth ne peut en effet être fixée ni génériquement, ni contextuellement : les ancrages successifs de l’auteur dans des décors poétiques radicalement différents laissent en effet transparaître la pluralité irréductible de ses amarres culturelles. Riche d’une multiplicité d’enracinements, cette œuvre polymorphe défie toute catégorisation. L’hétérogénéité de cette production littéraire masque cependant une pratique organisée du pastiche. Celle-ci s’impose comme une véritable dynamique de création : les œuvres de Seth puisent en effet leur "matière première" dans les textes canoniques de la littérature européenne, affichant une volonté souvent jugée démodée de retour à la tradition. Pourquoi Vikram Seth a-t-il aussi ostensiblement recours au pastiche, pratique traditionnellement dépréciée en Occident ? Si certains critiques dénoncent le caractère en apparence apolitique de cette écriture, le pastiche ne saurait se réduire ici à une reprise mécanique ou nostalgique de textes toujours déjà écrits, mais acquiert au contraire une dimension critique à travers la notion de "mimicry". Toute l’œuvre de Vikram met en relief le caractère radicalement énonciatif de la textualité, soulignant avec force l’historicité du langage
Born in Calcutta in 1952, Vikram Seth occupies a highly original place on the postcolonial literary scene, owing to the dazzling variety of his work. Indeed, his career has been one of restless reinvention: skipping from economist to poet, to travel writer, to novelist-in-verse, to librettist, to translator and to children’s writer, Vikram Seth even tried his hand at biography in Two Lives (2005). His writing displays a deep-seated abhorrence of uniformity: every new book by Seth creates a fresh departure in genre and theme, and moves seamlessly from one geographical and cultural location to another, revealing a distinct cosmopolitan sensibility that makes Seth’s affiliations and cultural moorings all but impossible to fathom. Seth’s protean opus thus proves miraculously immune to any definitive categorization. In fact, however, the generic heterogeneity of Seth’s work masks a hidden unity, which lies in a deliberate use of pastiche: Vikram Seth treats Western canonical texts as raw material, in an ostensibly unfashionable attempt to go back to earlier models of literary tradition. Why does Seth strive to preserve the European literary legacy so ostentatiously through the use of pastiche, a practice that is traditionally belittled in the West? Although current critiques of Vikram Seth’s writing berate him for evading the politics of his own cultural, historical and political location, I will argue that pastiche acquires a critical dimension in Seth’s work through the notion of "mimicry". Vikram Seth’s work sheds light on the radically enunciative quality of textuality, throwing into sharp relief the historicity of language
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Souza, Cirlana Rodrigues de. "Dos paradoxos da constituição do sujeito e das tentativas de saber-fazer com a língua: a amarração sinthomática nas vias de um autismo." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2014. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15297.

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In this thesis, we address some issues on the paradoxes of subject\'s constitution and its relation with language having in mind Jacques Lacan s psychoanalysis and structural linguistics by Ferdinand de Saussure. From this author we consider the signifier and its role in the language structure distinction. From Psychoanalysis we consider some concepts such as instinct, Real, Symbolic and Imaginary; the Sinthome as a possibility for the subject in constitution, repetition and lalangue. We start with subjective impasses established in the course of structural constitution of a child who is experiencing a process of an autistic resolution, during his psychoanalytic treatment. Thus, this thesis aims at answering: What is the meaning of an insistent child language during a talk that would not allow her to communicate? What function does this language have? Our hypothesis is that the child takes language as an attempt to know-how with his symptom giving it a status of Sinthome; a sinthomatic thread as a mode of response coming from the subject facing the establishment of the imperative Real. But our main objective is to discuss the relations between language and subject constitution and its effects on Linguistic Studies. Our specific foci are: sustaining assumption of a constituting subject during its childhood; and describing distinctive function of signifying articulation in a child language, showing that this operation has the effect of social ties; considering the position of Otherness in language as paramount within this process as well as ratifying the child is not at all subject to that Otherness. Thus, we assume the child is constituted as a subject of sustained unconscious through sinthomatic threads occurring because of structuring element and because of psychoanalytical clinic treatment is given through the singularity of the child. The methodological choices are grounded on the proposition of a science that causes the inconsistency and incompleteness. In this science perspective, which begins from enunciative narratives and language occurrences within psychoanalytical clinics with children, a linguistic data is always a not-all that enables a shift. That is to say, this not-all linguistic data is what escapes from the recorded sessions; it seems to be inaudible to the recorder. We highlight that the functioning of the language to a child, in the process of a possible autism, created possibilities for the child to enter in the language field. Although the child could not communicate as expected, it seems to be a structural way to some possible social ties.
Nesta tese abordamos os paradoxos da constituição do sujeito e sua relação com a linguagem embasados na teoria psicanalítica de Jacques Lacan e na teoria da linguística estrutural de Ferdinand de Saussure no que concerne ao significante e seu funcionamento pela distinção que possibilita a inscrição da alteridade constitutiva. Da Psicanálise, delimitamos conceitos como pulsão, Real, Simbólico e Imaginário, o Sinthoma como uma possibilidade para o sujeito em constituição, a repetição e lalíngua. De modo específico, tratamos dos impasses subjetivos instaurados no percurso de constituição estrutural de uma criança em tratamento psicanalítico em vias de uma resolução autista e de suas tentativas de saber-fazer com a língua nesse percurso. A língua, em seu funcionamento pela distinção entre significantes, deu a direção do tratamento por ser o operador dessa condição do sujeito e de seus impasses no laço com o Outro. A tese desta pesquisa gira em torno da seguinte questão: Qual a função da língua insistente da criança em uma fala que não servia para ela se comunicar? Temos como hipótese paradoxal a tomada da língua, pela criança, como tentativa de saber-fazer com seu sintoma conferindo-lhe um estatuto de sinthoma, de uma amarração sinthomática como o modo de resposta do sujeito em constituição frente ao imperativo do Real. A partir dessa questão temos como objetivos: sustentar a suposição de um sujeito em constituição no tempo da infância; descrever o funcionamento distintivo da articulação significante da língua da criança mostrando que esse funcionamento tem efeito de laço social; considerar a posição de alteridade na linguagem como primordial nesse processo; supor que ela se constitui como sujeito do inconsciente sustentada pela amarração sinthomática da língua em função de elemento estruturante. Também, como objetivo geral, pretendemos discutir sobre a relação linguagem e inconsciente e os efeitos dessa relação nos Estudos Linguísticos. Considerando o efeito dos acontecimentos de linguagem da clínica psicanalítica sobre o campo da Linguística e a impossibilidade de instauração de um campo que contemple a Linguística e a Psicanálise, trabalhamos na tensão desse encontro buscando a descrição analítica por meio da narrativa enunciativa desses acontecimentos: no lugar de dado linguístico esses acontecimentos serão sempre não-todo em relação à condição de sujeito do inconsciente. De fato, a tomada do dado linguístico merece outra visada quando o que possibilita um deslocamento na práxis é justamente aquilo que escapa à apreensão, à coleta do dado de fala: o inaudível ao gravador. Ressaltando a relação da língua com o Outro como campo da linguagem e as montagens metafóricas dos significantes, o funcionamento de língua da criança em vias de um autismo possibilitou inscrevê-la no campo da linguagem e, mesmo em detrimento de sua comunicação com os semelhantes, trata-se de uma possibilidade estrutural de fazer laço social.
Doutor em Estudos Linguísticos
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Books on the topic "Tentative language"

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Hu, Chen-hua. Fu-yü Gïrgïs: A tentative description of the easternmost Turkic language. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, 1987.

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David, Poullard, and Rannou Guillaume, eds. Précis de conjugaisons ordinaires: Tentative d'étirement du français figé. Paris: X. Barral, 2006.

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Shantideva, Acharya. The third chapter of Chos-kyi ʾod-zer's translation of the Bodhicaryāvatāra: A tentative reconstruction. Roma: Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1988.

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Linguistique pour germanistes: Une tentative de médiation entre la tradition française et la tradition allemande de l'étude de la langue allemande. Fontenay-aux-Roses: ENS éd., 2000.

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Malkiel, Yakov. A tentative autobibliography. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1988.

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Le jeu de la tentation: Roman. Paris: La Table Ronde, 1994.

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Mots de passe: Tentatives pour saisir quelques termes insaissables du Nouveau Testament. Paris: Cerf, 1993.

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A pedagogia do léxico: Uma tentativa de aplicação da lexemática ao ensino do português. Porto: Edições Claret, 1985.

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Ferreira, João de Freitas. A pedagogia do léxico: Uma tentativa de aplicação da leximática ao ensino do portugués. Porto: Edições Claret, 1985.

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Junior high school early and late French immersion, social studies: Tentative guidelines. Fredericton, N.B: Program Development and Implementation Branch, Dept. of Education, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tentative language"

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Allo, Patrick. "Dynamics of Defeasible and Tentative Inference." In Logic, Language, and Computation, 155–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36976-6_11.

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Kranich, Svenja, Viktor Becher, and Steffen Höder. "A tentative typology of translation-induced language change." In Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism, 9–44. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hsm.12.02kra.

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Wexler, Paul. "Cross-border Turkic and Iranian Language Retention in the West and East Slavic Lands and Beyond: A Tentative Classification." In The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders, 8–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-34839-5_2.

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Duparc, Jacques, and Kevin Fournier. "A Tentative Approach for the Wadge-Wagner Hierarchy of Regular Tree Languages of Index [0, 2]." In Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems, 81–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19225-3_7.

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"Teaching a Foreign Language: A Tentative Enterprise." In Language Teaching, 128–47. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203882269-11.

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RABIN, CHAIM. "A TENTATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGE-PLANNING AIMS." In Can Language be Planned?, 264–66. University of Hawaii Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv9zckn9.19.

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Van Rooy, Raf. "Language and dialect between past and future." In Language or Dialect?, 296–302. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845713.003.0024.

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Chapter 24 surveys the book’s main arguments, which include especially the emergence of the modern language / dialect distinction during the early sixteenth century and the subsequent formulation of its main interpretations. Above all, however, this chapter emphasizes that the language / dialect distinction unmistakably has a history, for too long neglected, and that it is not a timeless and self-evident given. Having established its historicity, Chapter 24 fields the question of whether the conceptual pair has a future, to which an answer, both tentative and brief, is offered. On the one hand, it is suggested that a reconceptualization of the distinction can be a viable option. On the other hand, the fact that the conceptual pair has become common knowledge gives linguists not only the opportunity but also, and especially, the responsibility to take on a more prominent societal role in language / dialect disputes.
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Walkden, George, and Hannah Booth. "Reassessing the historical evidence for embedded Verb Second." In Rethinking Verb Second, 536–54. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844303.003.0022.

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This chapter revisits the significant question of embedded Verb Second in historical Germanic, in light of recent developments in research on present-day V2 languages. Drawing on novel corpus data for Old English, Old Saxon, historical Icelandic, and historical Yiddish, it shows that there is little support for an analysis which permits embedded V2 outside a narrow subset of contexts, or one which hosts both the verb and the preverbal constituent within the IP domain (‘IP-V2’). The chapter puts forward the tentative suggestion that there is only one type of V2 language, at least as regards word order in embedded clauses.
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Blumenberg, Hans. "An Anthropological Approach to the Contemporary Significance of Rhetoric." In History, Metaphors, Fables, 177–208. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501732829.003.0009.

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This chapter describes Hans Blumenberg's first tentative reflection on the topic of philosophical anthropology, which was “An Anthropological Approach to the Contemporary Significance of Rhetoric” (1971). This work was originally published in Italian, with its German version not appearing for another ten years. Here, Blumenberg extends his preoccupation with language by turning toward its role not just in historical systems of thought but in human behavior as such. Focusing in particular on rhetoric, that is, speech that aims to persuade rather than to express the truth, he understands it as one vital tool of existence among others for a being to whom any final truths are unavailable and whose mortality presses it to act. Ultimately, “Anthropological Approach” seeks to outline a “deep history” of rhetoric.
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Jackendoff, Ray, and Jenny Audring. "Applying the tools to other domains." In The Texture of the Lexicon, 233–69. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827900.003.0008.

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This chapter shows how the constructs of the Parallel Architecture and Relational Morphology can be applied outside morphology. Some extensions fall within the larger linguistic system: nonproductive schemas and sister schemas in syntax; the encoding of speech register, bilingualism, and dialect; orthography; and the mapping of phonology to meter in poetry. More speculatively, it shows that memory in other cognitive domains shares some of the character of Relational Morphology’s lexicon. The domains briefly explored are music; the understanding of the form and function of physical objects; knowledge of geography and spatial layout; and social knowledge, including customs and morality. The tentative conclusion is that these domains indeed share interesting features with language, including a vast and highly structured lexicon with multiple levels of representation, hierarchical constituency, schemas, and relational links.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tentative language"

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Chen, Robert S., Eric J. Malstrom, and Sandra C. Parker. "Standard control language for two different robotic manipulators." In Boston - DL tentative, edited by David P. Casasent. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.25150.

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Huang, Chang-Lin, and Chih H. Wu. "Encoding of sign language image sequences at very low rate." In Lausanne - DL tentative, edited by Murat Kunt. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.24129.

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Xue, Kefu, and Cailong Zhang. "Page description language to bitmap rasterization using optical imaging memory." In SC - DL tentative, edited by Walter Bender and Mitsunaga Saito. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.19960.

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Fan, Zhihang, Muyun Yang, Tiejun Zhao, and Sheng Li. "A Tentative Study on Language Model Based Solution to Multiple Choice of CET-4." In 2013 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2013.35.

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Nguyen, Van-Quang, Masanori Suganuma, and Takayuki Okatani. "Look Wide and Interpret Twice: Improving Performance on Interactive Instruction-following Tasks." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/128.

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There is a growing interest in the community in making an embodied AI agent perform a complicated task while interacting with an environment following natural language directives. Recent studies have tackled the problem using ALFRED, a well-designed dataset for the task, but achieved only very low accuracy. This paper proposes a new method, which outperforms the previous methods by a large margin. It is based on a combination of several new ideas. One is a two-stage interpretation of the provided instructions. The method first selects and interprets an instruction without using visual information, yielding a tentative action sequence prediction. It then integrates the prediction with the visual information etc., yielding the final prediction of an action and an object. As the object's class to interact is identified in the first stage, it can accurately select the correct object from the input image. Moreover, our method considers multiple egocentric views of the environment and extracts essential information by applying hierarchical attention conditioned on the current instruction. This contributes to the accurate prediction of actions for navigation. A preliminary version of the method won the ALFRED Challenge 2020. The current version achieves the unseen environment's success rate of 4.45% with a single view, which is further improved to 8.37% with multiple views.
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Wisniewski, Remigiusz, and Marek Wegrzyn. "Hardware acceleration and verification of systems designed with hardware description languages (HDL)." In Wilga - DL Tentative. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.610689.

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