Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tentative language / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Tentative language.

Journal articles on the topic 'Tentative language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Tentative language.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Svendsen, Amalie Due. "Lakoff and Women’s Language." Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, no. 4 (March 10, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i4.112651.

Full text

Abstract:

In Language and Woman’s Place (1973), Robin T. Lakoff argues that women’s subordinate position in society is manifested in and maintained by their tentative speech style. Since the publication of the study, this claim has achieved great attention in the field of language and gender, and various scholars have examined the features of Lakoff’s ‘women’s language’ empirically. This article creates a critical overview of four studies investigating specific features of tentative language, primarily tag questions, and discusses to what extent their findings support Lakoff’s thesis. While all the studies find that women employ more tentative features than men, they also observe that tentative language serves facilitative functions in interaction. Thus, tentative language cannot be understood exclusively as a deficient contrast to assertive language. A nuanced understanding of tentative language requires a functional perspective that recognizes the efficient social functions of the speech style.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Klimova, Blanka Frydrychova. "Using Tentative Language in English." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 116 (February 2014): 661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.275.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Klinke, Julie. "Tentative Language Is Kind of Complicated, Isn’t It?" Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i3.107779.

Full text

Abstract:

Some sociolinguists, notably Robin Lakoff, have argued that tentative language is typical of female speakers. However, other studies indicate that gender may not be the only independent variable affecting the use of tentative language. This overview examines the claim that women’s speech is inherently less assertive by critically evaluating the methods and findings of four studies of gender-related use of tentative language. The alternative independent variables that are considered are the gender of the addressee, group composition, gender salience, and topic. The dependent variables vary from study to study, but all fall under the label “tentative language,” such as hedging and tag questions. It is concluded that while there is some evidence the speaker’s gender affects the use of tentative language, the aforementioned variables are likely to have an effect as well. Therefore, this overview supports the theory that considering tentative language typical of women’s speech is a simplified interpretation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Preisler, Bent. "The tentative female." English Today 3, no. 4 (October 1987): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400003102.

Full text

Abstract:

In ET1, Jenny Cheshire looked at male bias and in ET2 Mary Brown Parlee discussed ‘genderlects’ and conversational politics. A Danish linguist now presents some evidence that women and men do use the language differently.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

CULIBERG, Luka. "Japanese Language, Standard Language, National Language: Rethinking Language and Nation." Asian Studies 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2013.1.2.21-33.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper examines the relationship between language and nation through the historical process by which the modern Japanese language came to exist and proposes a tentative answer as to what this says about the nature of phenomena such as language and nation themselves. The paper suggests that if language is understood as an actually existing natural and definable object, it must indeed be claimed that the Japanese language is no more than a hundred years old.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hawkes, Katharine C., Harris S. Edelman, and David K. Dodd. "Language Style and Evaluation of a Female Speaker." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 1 (August 1996): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.1.80.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examined the effect of style of speech (“tentative” vs assertive) used by a female speaker upon the evaluations made by college students. Both men and women evaluated the assertive speaker more favorably than the tentative speaker. The hypothesis that men would devaluate the assertive woman was not supported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Dorfman, Ariel. "Language of survival." Index on Censorship 26, no. 3 (May 1997): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209702600305.

Full text

Abstract:

What separates intolerance from violence? Is there any way of making sure that one does not turn into the other? An encounter I had over 10 years ago may provide a way into these questions, a tentative answer

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ma, Rong, and Anita Atwell Seate. "Reexamining the Use of Tentative Language in Emails: The Effects of Gender Salience and Gender Typicality." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 36, no. 6 (April 28, 2017): 694–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x17706941.

Full text

Abstract:

Drawing on self-categorization theory, the current study examines the effects of gender salience and interlocutor gender typicality on men and women’s use of tentative language in emails. We conducted an experiment manipulating identity salience using gender-stereotypic conversation topics, and typicality using biographies of the fictitious female interlocutor. The results were consistent with self-categorization theory and previous research on gender-based language use: Men were more tentative when discussing a conversation topic in which their gender group was not considered experts. More important, interlocutor gender typicality influenced participants’ tentative language, such that when the interlocutor was a typical woman, men and women became more tentative discussing a conversation topic in which they were not considered experts. This study has implications for future research on the contextual factors that may influence the use of language in both intragroup and intergroup communication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ogawa, Hiroshi. "A tentative categorical typification of the language in sports." Journal of the Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education 17, no. 2 (1995): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9772/jpspe1979.17.2_3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

McMAHON, APRIL. "Prosodic change and language contact." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, no. 2 (July 23, 2004): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672890400152x.

Full text

Abstract:

Using evidence from first-hand experimental work and existing studies, Colantoni and Gurlekian take a tentative but encouraging step towards exploring the role of contact in explaining intonational change. Their central question is whether Buenos Aires Spanish intonation is distinctive relative to other varieties of Spanish; and if so, whether that distinctiveness is due to contact with Italian.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Brown, Cecil H. "Paleobiolinguistics of New World Crops and the Otomanguean Language Family." Ethnobiology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 24, 2015): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.6.1.2015.436.

Full text

Abstract:

Several studies recently published in Ethnobiology Letters treat respectively the paleobiolinguistics of chili pepper, manioc, maize, and the common bean in New World language families. This includes the Otomanguean family of Mexico, one of the oldest language groups of the hemisphere, whose parent language may have been spoken at the latest around 6500 years ago. This communication addresses the possibility that Otomanguean paleobiolinguistics should be considered tentative since languages of the grouping are not yet conclusively demonstrated to be descended from a common ancestor. This challenges the proposal that words for chili pepper, manioc, and maize were in vocabularies of languages spoken two thousand or more years before development of a village-farming way of life in the New World.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Körtvélyessy, Lívia, and Pavol Štekauer. "Postfixation or inflection inside derivation." Folia Linguistica 52, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 351–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2018-0009.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe paper discusses the widely accepted assumption concerning the postulated universal ordering of derivational and inflectional affixes, first proposed by Greenberg as Universal #28. Various theoretical and empirical predictions underlying this assumption are briefly outlined. A sample of 73 European languages and a sample of 58 ‘world’ languages are used to show the range of violations of Greenberg’s universal in order to propose a tentative typology of these violations, and to examine the relatedness of postfixation to the genetic type of a language and its areal characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Čižik-Prokaševa, Veslava. "A tentative semantic map of depictives and other secondary participant-oriented predicates in the Lithuanian language." Lietuvių kalba, no. 5 (December 28, 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2011.22795.

Full text

Abstract:

The article sets out to analyse the similarities and differences of free secondary predicates (predicative adjuncts) in the Lithuanian language and secondary predicates in other languages. The study has been carried out relying on the universal semantic map for participant-oriented modifiers drawn by N. P. Himmelmann and E. Schultze-Berndt (2005) and on the basis of the elements of its composition. The analysis has demonstrated that the majority of Lithuanian language modifiers which have usually been analysed as circumstantials, i.e. as event-oriented modifiers, are in fact also participant-oriented. Their semantic link with the participant is reflected not only by the secondary predicates of physical, mental or emotional condition, function, role, association, collective or life stage but also by those of manner, concomitance, distributivity, time and even location and atmospheric condition. As a result, a tentative semantic map of participant-oriented modifiers in the Lithuanian language has been composed and it is provided in the article. This map is different from the universal map of Himmelmann and Schultze-Berndt because of the specificity of the Lithuanian language (secondary predicates of time, collective, distributivity, order, frequency and emphatic pronoun in the map of the Lithuanian language have fallen into different places; the denotation of location of event has been eliminated) and because of different theoretical principles selected for this study (the denotations of comparison and benefactive / malefactive are eliminated, circumstantial secondary predicates are added). With respect to the possible denotations of free secondary predicates in different languages of the word as proposed by Himmelmann and Schultze-Berndt, the Lithuanian language only lacks those of comparison, benefactive / malefactive and location of event; however, it is possible to distinguish additional categories of causal, temporal, conditional and concessive circumstantials. On the basis of the investigation, the following tentative semantic map of participant-oriented modifiers in the Lithuanian language has been drawn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Battarbee, Keith. "Languages Canada: The Paradoxes of Linguistic Inclusivity – Colonial/ Founding, Aboriginal and Immigrant language rights." London Journal of Canadian Studies 34, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2019v34.005.

Full text

Abstract:

This article approaches the question of inclusivity in contemporary Canadian society through the lens of official language policy. Although Canada has well-developed bilingual policies for English and French at the federal and provincial levels, the only jurisdictions which (at the time of writing) afford official language status to Aboriginal languages in addition to English and French are the Northwest Territories (nine First Nations and Inuit languages) and Nunavut (the Inuit language/s). The article situates the development of these territorial language policies within the contexts of Canadian history, the emergence of language policy more generally in Western societies, and the human rights revolution, and offers a tentative evaluation of them in terms of inclusivity, noting the paradox that inclusive recognition of the territories’ indigenous languages has not been extended to the immigrant languages, whose speakers partly outnumber the smaller Aboriginal-language communities, as well as the daunting problems faced in turning official recognition into practical implementation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kolaiti, Patricia. "Perceptual relevance and art: Some tentative suggestions." Journal of Literary Semantics 49, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jls-2020-2022.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA fundamental assumption in relevance theory is that human cognition has evolved in the direction of increased efficiency and, as such, tends, as Sperber and Wilson (Relevance: Communication and cognition, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995: 38–46, 260–66) put it in their cognitive principle, to be naturally geared towards the maximisation of relevance. The cognitive principle inter alia explains the selectivity of human agency and attention: for an input to merit the attention of the human cognitive system, it must seem relevant enough to be worth attending to. But what makes an input relevant? The relevance-theoretic account proposes that relevance for an individual organism at any specific time involves a balancing of mental effort and a particular type of worthwhile modifications, cognitive effects, that are representational in nature and amount to improvements in knowledge. The type of relevance yielded by such effects could be described as a cognitive type of relevance. However, inputs such as artistic stimuli – including literary ones – invite us to widen the scope of the causal engineering behind the selective directedness of our mental lives. Artistic stimuli merit the attention of the human cognitive system at various time-scales (momentary, developmental, and evolutionary). Following Kolaiti (The limits of expression: Language, literature, mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019: 76–94) and drawing on neuroscientific evidence from the last 25 years, I will make tentative suggestions that artistic stimuli may also yield non-representational worthwhile modifications or effects. My discussion focuses on one such type of effects involving the human perceptual system: perceptual effects. Being partly or wholly embodied, perceptual effects could extend the machinery of relevance theory in an embodied direction and widen its interdisciplinary implications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Vermander, Pierre. "Marqueurs d’oralité en diachronie : tentative de définition." Çédille, no. 19 (2021): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.cedille.2021.19.08.

Full text

Abstract:

Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar cómo ha sido tratado el tema de las relaciones entre escritura y oralidad, así como comprender la génesis de los diferentes métodos para su estudio. Este rápido estado de la cuestión permitirá suscitar algunos problemas ligados a varias propiedades de los textos medievales, así como introducir la distancia que queremos adoptar respecto a aquellos métodos de estudio anteriores. Concedemos a la oposición tecnológica una importancia crucial y acudimos al imaginario de los sistemas como herramienta de análisis: ello nos permite llegar a una definición de los marcadores de oralidad como representaciones no equivalentes. Estos marcadores no representan la oralidad porque adopten las propiedades de esta, sino porque la inscriben gráficamente, en virtud de un imaginario de los sistemas de signos.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ye, Zhenzhen, and Nicholas A. Palomares. "Effects of Conversation Partners’ Gender-Language Consistency on References to Emotion, Tentative Language, and Gender Salience." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 32, no. 4 (July 15, 2013): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x13494832.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Lu, Yuehua. "A Tentative Exploration on Multimodal Teaching of Legal English." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1203.19.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the theory of multimodality and Internet technology, the present paper analyzes the existing problems in legal English teaching, explores the feasibility of constructing a multimodal teaching mode, and presents a case study of moot court by applying the multimodal means of teaching. The tentative study proves that a multimodal teaching mode can satisfy the requirements of legal English teaching, though there still exist problems to be solved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Bergh, Gunnar, and Sölve Ohlander. "Loan translations versus direct loans: The impact of English on European football lexis." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586517000014.

Full text

Abstract:

Football language may be regarded as the world's most widespread special language, where English has played a key role. The focus of the present study is the influence of English football vocabulary in the form of loan translations, contrasted with direct loans, as manifested in 16 European languages from different language families (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, etc.). Drawing on a set of 25 English football words (match, corner, dribble, offside, etc.), the investigation shows that there is a great deal of variation between the languages studied. For example, Icelandic shows the largest number of loan translations, while direct loans are most numerous in Norwegian; overall, combining direct loans and loan translations, Finnish displays the lowest number of English loans. The tendencies noted are discussed, offering some tentative explanations of the results, where both linguistic and sociolinguistic factors, such as language similarity and attitudes to borrowing, are considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Jylkkä, Jussi, Anna Soveri, Matti Laine, and Minna Lehtonen. "Assessing bilingual language switching behavior with Ecological Momentary Assessment." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918001190.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe putative bilingual executive advantage has been argued to stem from lifelong experience with executively demanding language behaviors, such as switching between the two languages. However, studies testing for possible associations between language switching frequency and EF in bilinguals have yielded inconsistent results. One reason for this could lie in the methods used that have evaluated the frequency and type of language switches with retrospective self-reports, as well as in problems in reliability and convergent validity of the executive tasks. By using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) as a reference point for self-reports of language switches, we examined the validity of general retrospective self-reports of language switching. Additionally, we examined associations between language switching and EF using multilevel models. Our results indicated that the commonly used retrospective self-reports of language switching may lack convergent validity. However, we found tentative evidence that contextual language switches, assessed with EMA, may be associated with better inhibitory control, set shifting, and working memory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Poeppel, David, and Susan Johnson. "Neuroimaging studies of language should connect with (psycho)linguistic theories." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 2 (June 1995): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00038930.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPET studies in domains like vision and attention have been successful because the experiments are the product of highly articulated theories. In contrast, the results of PET studies investigating language processing are difficult to interpret. We suggest that this difficulty is due to the more tentative connection of these experiments with the insights of psycholinguistics and linguistic theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Pavlović, Nataša. "What Were They Thinking?! Students’ Decision Making in L1 and L2 Translation Processes." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 23, no. 44 (October 23, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v23i44.97267.

Full text

Abstract:

In spite of the ‘Golden Rule’ that translators should only work into their ﬁrst language, translation into the second language (L2 translation) is a fact of life in settings involving languages of ‘limited diffusion’. Even in countries that use one of the traditionally ‘major’ languages, research into L2 translation and its training is becoming increasingly topical with the emergence of global translation markets and the worldwide dominance of English. This paper examines novice translators’ decision-making in video- and audio-recorded collaborative (group) translation processes in two directions: into the students’ ﬁrst language (Croatian) and from that language into their second language (English). The study aims to identify and classify the different arguments the subjects use in deciding which of the tentative solutions to translation problems to use in the ﬁnal version of their translation. It is hypothesised that similar arguments are used in both directions but with a different distribution. Only the former hypothesis is fully corroborated by the evidence from the verbal protocols.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gilbert, Éric. "Tentative de représentation de quelques modaux de l'anglais." Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 81, no. 3 (2003): 771–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rbph.2003.4755.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Lier-De Vitto, Maria Francisca. "Falas sintomáticas: fora de tempo, fora de lugar." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 47, no. 1/2 (July 17, 2011): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v47i1/2.8637278.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper intends to indicate some of the effects Cláudia de Lemos’s theoretical proposal concerning language and language acquisition had on the reflection on language pathology and clinic developed, at LAEL-PUCSP, by a group of researchers who belong to the Project Language Acquisition and Language Pathology. It is also presented a brief critical review of tentative approaches to the symptom in language and the discussion I have been able to make up this moment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

A. Al-Omari, Moh’d, Wael M. S. Zuraiq, Bassil M. Mashaqba, Sabri S. Y. Alshboul, and Anas I. al Huneety. "TENTATIVE LANGUAGE IN MIXED-GENDER CONVERSATIONS OF JORDANIANS: THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND SOCIAL STATUS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8151.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose of Study: This paper evaluated the validity of self-categorization theory (Turner, 1987; Turner & Reynolds, 2011) in predicting the relationship between tentative language use and the prominent power of the speaker’s gender and social status in Jordanian society. Methodology: Eighteen adult Jordanian dyads participated in dyadic conversations. Each dyad consisted of high-status females and low-status males. Before recording their mixed-gender conversations, dyad’s gender; status and national identity were primed one at a time using Palomares’ manipulation method (2004, 2008). One group of dyads read a passage about the patriarchal nature of Arab society, another dyadic group read a passage about the importance of education in obtaining high-level jobs, and a third group read a passage about Jordanians’ patriotism. Results: Results showed that Jordanian high-status women tend to use more tentative language than Jordanian low-status men within and across the three primed contexts: gender-salient, status-salient and national- identity-salient contexts. Findings are inconsistent with the prediction of the self-categorization theory. The discrepancies between these findings and the outcomes of the Western research were ascribed to the patriarchic and gender-segregated nature of Jordanian society. Implications: This paper concluded that sociolinguistic practices are not universal. Research on language and gender should take socio-cultural peculiarities into account to reach a comprehensive view of how social power is communicated through language. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study emphasizes the role of socio-cultural practices in determining the relationship between speech style and the prominent power of the speaker's gender and social status. In Arab Jordanian society, tentative language is mainly gender-based language; less influenced by social identities other than gender.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Beaudin, Jean-Dominique. "Le lexique de la Cléopatre captive de Jodelle : tentative de classement." L Information Grammaticale 43, no. 1 (1989): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/igram.1989.1975.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mukundan, Jayakaran, Reza Hajimohammadi, and Vahid Nimehchisalem. "Developing An English Language Textbook Evaluation Checklist." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 4, no. 6 (May 26, 2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v4i6.4383.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper describes the considerations that were taken into account in the development of a tentative English language textbook evaluation checklist. A brief review of the related literature precedes the crucial issues that should be considered in developing checklists. In the light of the previous evaluation checklists the developers created a list of the evaluative criteria on which the construct of the checklist could be established. The developers considered matters of validity, reliability and practicality in the process of its design; however, further research is in process to refine the checklist. Such an instrument could be used by curriculum designers, material developers and evaluators, as well as English language teachers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Liashuk, Xenia. "Facets of translation in foreign language education: a tentative classification of forms and uses." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2019-0021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The paper provides an overview of the forms in which translation is used in foreign language education. A tentative classification is suggested which differentiates between facilitative translation as a supporting process that helps to overcome learning constraints, deliberate translation as an independent task with a predetermined objective that targets learners’ foreign language competence and skills, and simulated translation as an activity from which additional pedagogical benefits regarding learners’ foreign language proficiency can be derived. From the side of the learner, facilitative translation constitutes a complex learning strategy that can be applied for a variety of strategic purposes (memory-related, cognitive, compensatory, metacognitive, affective, and social), while from the side of the teacher it represents a scaffolding tool that can be consolidated into a fully-fledged teaching technique. Deliberate translation can further be differentiated according to the specifics of pedagogical focus. Language-focused translation, targeting learners’ grammatical accuracy or vocabulary range and control, and skill-focused translation, targeting one of the four basic communicative language skills, can be used for both instruction-related and diagnostic purposes. The focus on the holistic use of the available linguistic repertoire results in the two complex uses of translation as an incentive for communication and as a communicative activity aimed at developing the skill of cross-language mediation. A particular type of simulated translation which appears to be particularly suited for the purposes of foreign language education is audiovisual translation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

KREUTZ, PHILIPPE. "Tenter n'est pas essayer." Journal of French Language Studies 13, no. 3 (September 2003): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269503001169.

Full text

Abstract:

Cet article se propose de comparer les sémanitismes respectifs des verbes essayer de (+ infinitif) et tenter de (+ infinitif). Nous montrons qu'ils renvoient chacun à une conceptualisation particulière de l'action. D'une part, essayer incarne un processus intentionnel dont l'issue est potentiellement sous le contrôle de l'agent alors que tenter, convoquant nécessairement le destin, instaure une forme de dé-responsabilisation de l'agent (III.2). D'autre part, au caractère instrumental de l'essai s'oppose l'autonomie pratique de la tentative (III.3). Enfin, les énoncés d'attribution de tentative relèvent davantage de la qualification que de la simple description de l'action. Ces distinctions se reflètent linguistiquement dans les propriétés aspectuelles (III.1), l'interprétation des questions (IV), les potentialités illocutoires (V) et le comportement respectif des deux verbes étudiés à l'égard de l'ellipse du complément infinitival (VI), thème moteur de la présente étude.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

김종윤. "Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Korean Language Education: Confusions, Issues, and a Tentative Solution." korean language education research 49, no. 4 (December 2014): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20880/kler.2014.49.4.139.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Wang, Wei. "A Tentative Research Mode of Comparability Study in Language Testing and Its Application." Anthropologist 23, no. 1-2 (January 2016): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2016.11891944.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Lee, Tim S. O., and Daniel H. Y. Pun. "The feasibility of motivational strategies in language classrooms: A tentative teacher-oriented definition." Teaching and Teacher Education 106 (October 2021): 103470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103470.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

POLINSKY, MARIA. "When L1 becomes an L3: Do heritage speakers make better L3 learners?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18, no. 2 (December 5, 2013): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000667.

Full text

Abstract:

Heritage speakers who re-learn their childhood language in adulthood are an important group for the study of L3 acquisition. Such re-learners have selective advantages over other L2/L3 learners in phonetics/phonology, but lack a global advantage at re-learning the prestige variety of their L1. These learners show asymmetrical transfer effects in morphosyntax: transfer occurs only from the dominant language. Two tentative explanations for this asymmetry are suggested. First, re-learners may deploy the skills acquired in a classroom setting, where they have used only their dominant language. Second, re-learners may implicitly strive to increase the typological distance between their childhood language and the language of classroom instruction. These findings have implications for models of L3/Ln learning: the Cumulative Enhancement Model, the Typological Proximity Model, and the L2 Status Factor Model. The data discussed in this paper are most consistent with the latter model, but they also highlight the significance of the typological distance between languages under acquisition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

de Glopper, Kees, and Anne-Mieke Janssen-van Dieten. "Modellen en Metingen Van Taalvaardigheid." Toegepaste taalwetenschap in discussie 58 (January 1, 1998): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.58.22glo.

Full text

Abstract:

This article contains a concise discussion of models and measurement of language ability. A general definition of the concept language ability is given, Subsequendy, psycholinguistic models of oral and written language production and comprehension are discussed. The nature and extent of individual differences in language ability are illustrated by means of a discussion of LI reading. Models of language ability are reviewed and areas in need of further research are identified. In conclusion, some tentative answers to pertinent questions on components, development and transfer of language ability are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

COLLETTA, JEAN-MARC, MICHÈLE GUIDETTI, OLGA CAPIRCI, CARLA CRISTILLI, OZLEM ECE DEMIR, RAMONA N. KUNENE-NICOLAS, and SUSAN LEVINE. "Effects of age and language on co-speech gesture production: an investigation of French, American, and Italian children's narratives." Journal of Child Language 42, no. 1 (February 17, 2014): 122–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000913000585.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to compare speech and co-speech gestures observed during a narrative retelling task in five- and ten-year-old children from three different linguistic groups, French, American, and Italian, in order to better understand the role of age and language in the development of multimodal monologue discourse abilities. We asked 98 five- and ten-year-old children to narrate a short, wordless cartoon. Results showed a common developmental trend as well as linguistic and gesture differences between the three language groups. In all three languages, older children were found to give more detailed narratives, to insert more comments, and to gesture more and use different gestures – specifically gestures that contribute to the narrative structure – than their younger counterparts. Taken together, these findings allow a tentative model of multimodal narrative development in which major changes in later language acquisition occur despite language and culture differences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Groom, Sue. "The Language of Formation in Official Church of England Documents." Anglican Theological Review 99, no. 2 (March 2017): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000332861709900203.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the last fifty years the word “formation” has been increasingly employed in the context of training for ordination, yet it has rarely been defined. This article traces its first tentative appearance in the de Bunsen report, Theological Colleges for Tomorrow (1968), to its abundant usage in the Hind report, Formation for Ministry within a Learning Church (2003), and the documentation concerning “Common Awards in Theology, Ministry and Mission” (2014) in order to discern its meaning according to official Church of England documents.1

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Hartig, Alissa J. "Intersections between Law and Language: Disciplinary Concepts in Second Language Legal Literacy." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2016-0016.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractInternational mobility among graduate students of law presents unique challenges for the teaching and learning of Legal English. Master of Laws (LL.M.) students, for example, often bring both prior legal training and professional experience from their home jurisdiction to their graduate studies abroad. Taking a closer look at the experience of these students as they engage with genres associated with another legal system provides insight into broader issues of intersections between language and content in English for Legal Purposes. This article draws on case studies of four LL.M students from China and Saudi Arabia, a civil law jurisdiction and an Islamic law jurisdiction, respectively, as they learn to read and write common law genres in the United States. Considering students’ experiences with these texts, the article outlines a potential framework for understanding the role of disciplinary concepts in second language legal literacy development. Specifically, the article elaborates a tentative taxonomy for disciplinary concepts that distinguishes between discourse-relevant concepts and discourse-structuring concepts in considering the interaction between language and content in ESP and CLIL for law.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Dressler, Wolfgang U., Marianne Kilani-Schoch, and Dagmar Bittner. "First tentative conclusions on the early development of verb morphology." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 18 (January 1, 2000): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.18.2000.64.

Full text

Abstract:

In these conclusions we can deal only with some of the tentative comparative results of the workshop papers on the early development of verb morphology. The main focus is on criteria of how the child detects morphology and how this emerging morphological competence develops in its earliest phases. In view of the purpose and tentative character of these conclusions, all references will be limited to the papers of the workshop and to earlier studies by workshop participants within the "Crosslinguistic Project on Pre- and Protomorphology in Language Acquisition". Much more will be given in the projected final publication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Elders, Stefan. "Angela Bartens. Ideophones and sound symbolism in Atlantic creoles. (Suomalaisen Tiedekatemian Toimituksia/Annales Academiae Scientiarium Fennicae. Sarja-series Humaniora, 40.) Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Science and Letters and Finnish Society of Science and Letters, 2000. Pp. 198." Language in Society 31, no. 1 (January 2002): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404502261059.

Full text

Abstract:

The central claim of Ideophones and sound symbolism in Atlantic creoles is that ideophones constitute a relevant category in Atlantic creoles, and that they show both functional and substantial correspondences with ideophones in African languages. The book consists of two main parts: a critical review of the literature on ideophones (Introduction; Chap. 1, “Previous treatment of ideophones and sound symbolism in the literature”; Chap. 2, “Characterization of ideophones: towards a cross-linguistic prototype”), and an etymological database of ideophones in the Atlantic creoles (Chap. 3, “The use of ideophone in the Atlantic creoles and their tentative etymologies”). Two appendices present data sources and the approximate number of ideophones in some languages. The study is based on the available literature, supplemented by data on Atlantic creoles, African languages, European languages, and two Asian languages that was obtained either from specialists on certain languages or from first-language speakers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Rudnev, Pavel. "Events, locations and situations." Linguistics in the Netherlands 32 (December 11, 2015): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.32.11rud.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper documents a number of restrictions on negation marking in Avar, a Northeast Caucasian language, and presents a tentative analysis of the observed morphosyntactic facts as having a semantic basis. The two different negation markers are analysed, based on the proposal in (Ramchand & Svenonius 2014), as taking complements of a different semantic type.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Corrius, Montse, and Patrick Zabalbeascoa. "Language variation in source texts and their translations." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 23, no. 1 (August 10, 2011): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.23.1.07zab.

Full text

Abstract:

In addition to the two languages essentially involved in translation, that of the source text (L1) and that of the target text (L2), we propose a third language (L3) to refer to any other language(s) found either or both texts. L3 may appear in the source text (ST) or the target text (TT), actually appearing more frequently in STs in our case studies. We present a range of combinations for the convergence and divergence of L1, L2 and L3, for the case of feature films and their translations using examples from dubbed and subtitled versions of films, but we are hopeful that our tentative conclusions may be relevant to other modalities of translation, audiovisual and otherwise. When L3 appears in an audiovisual ST, we find a variety of solutions whereby L3 is deleted from or adapted to the TT. In the latter case, L3 might be rendered in a number of ways, depending on factors such as the audience’s familiarity with L3, and the possibility that L3 in the ST is an invented language.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Booth, James R., and Douglas D. Burman. "Development and Disorders of Neurocognitive Systems for Oral Language and Reading." Learning Disability Quarterly 24, no. 3 (August 2001): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511244.

Full text

Abstract:

There are four goals of this article. First, a tentative neurocognitive model of oral language and reading is outlined. Second, our recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (fMRI) on the development of oral language and reading are briefly reviewed with reference to this neurocognitive model. Third, brain-imaging research on dyslexia is discussed in light of the neurocognitive model. Fourth, research on the plasticity of neural systems and the implication of this plasticity for studying normative development and disorders is presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lund, Emily M., Theresa L. Kohlmeier, and Lillian K. Durán. "Comparative Language Development in Bilingual and Monolingual Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review." Journal of Early Intervention 39, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053815117690871.

Full text

Abstract:

The prevalence of both bilingual children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is growing rapidly, and early childhood educators may be increasingly likely to encounter bilingual children with ASD in their classrooms. Because ASD significantly affects communication, many parents and professionals may have questions or concerns about the impact of bilingualism on language development in children with ASD. The present article presents a systematic review of the literature comparing monolingual to bilingual development in children with ASD. Seven articles were included, covering a wide variety of languages and involving predominantly young, simultaneously bilingual children with ASD. Results generally showed small, varied differences in both receptive and expressive language outcomes for bilingual and monolingual children with ASD, thus providing tentative support for the idea that bilingualism does not have a consistent or large negative effect on language development in children with ASD. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cuetos, Fernando, and Graciela Miera. "Number Processing Dissociations: Evidence from a Case of Dyscalculia." Spanish Journal of Psychology 1 (May 1998): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005370.

Full text

Abstract:

In this case study of an aphasic patient with difficulties in numerical processing, the patient responded to a series of linguistic and numerical tasks designed to assess efficiency levels in processing various linguistic components. In addition, the patient completed a series of transcoding tasks that were directed at isolating whether the problems were associated primarily with arabic numerals or with other modalities (spoken or written). Data were analyzed using chi-square goodness-of-fit tests. Statistically significant differences were obtained between spoken verbal and written verbal outputs and between arabic and spoken verbal outputs. Based upon an analysis of errors, it was tentatively concluded that the disorders were associated with two types of dissociation operating together, one between spoken verbal and written verbal outputs at the syntactical level and the other between lexical and syntactical components in the spoken verbal output. A revised model is proposed to provide a tentative explanation for these observations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Mosser, Kurt. "Why Doesn't Kant Care about Natural Language?" Dialogue 40, no. 1 (2001): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300049040.

Full text

Abstract:

RésuméKant s'est fait régulièrement reprocher, à son époque et à la nôtre, d'avoir ignoré le problème des langues naturelles. L'objection la plus connue à cet égardest celle de J. G. Hamann, qui a prétendu qu'en essayant de «purifier» la raison, Kant a négligé I'aspect le plus significatif du langage à savoir son caractère contingent; et cette idée a été développée plus avant par plusieurs de nos contemporains. On soutient ici que Kant s'intéresse au langage à un niveau logique et grammatical, dans sa tentative d'identifier les conditions nécessaires pour l'apparition de jugements dans n'importe quel langage. Hamann et ceux qui le suivent aujourd'hui, par conséquent, apprécient mal la pertinence de l'approche de Kant pour identifier les conditions de la rationalité des agents, de même que son rôle dans l'histoire de la recherche d'une grammaire universelle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Messelaar, P. A. "Tentative de Systématisation en Lexicographie Bilingue Malgre les Limites de la Sémantique." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 79-80 (January 1, 1988): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.79-80.05mes.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce sont la délimitation et la structure interne de l’article lexicographie du dictionnaire général bilingue qui retiendront ci-dessous notre attention. Cela englobe les points suivants: polysémie et ho-monymie, catégories lexicale et grammaticale, succession des sens, des traductions et de ce qu’on a l’habitude d’appeler les ‘exemples’. Le dernier point constitue le sujet principal de cet article: nous examinerons les solutions apportées par d’autres lexicographes et en proposerons une nous-même.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Matras, Yaron. "Clause Combining, Ergativity, and Coreferent Deletion in Kurmanji." Studies in Language 21, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 613–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.21.3.06mat.

Full text

Abstract:

A distinction is commonly made between morphological or surface ergativity, and syntactic or deep ergativity, based on what Dixon has termed the "pivot" behavior (S/A vs. S/O) of a language. Since marked constructions enable an S/A pivot to function even in some deep ergative languages, deep or syntactic ergativity might be interpreted as gradational, depending on the degree to which ergative morphology interferes with the grammar of clause integration and referent coherence. For spoken Kurmanji, a northwest Iranian language with surface ergativity, tentative restrictions on zero-anaphora in conjoined clauses are identified which relate to ergative agreement patterns. These are compared to the distribution of zero-anaphora in other complex constructions involving clause combining. Surface ergativity is found to be one of a variety of factors which may promote re-location of the subject referent in a language in which non-finite structures play a peripheral role, and multi-clause constructions are under pressure to replicate the structure of single proposition clauses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Butterfuss, Reese, Joseph Aubele, and Panayiota Kendeou. "Hedged Language and Partisan Media Influence Belief in Science Claims." Science Communication 42, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547020908598.

Full text

Abstract:

Sources of scientific information vary in partisanship and epistemic stance toward science. The current study examined how hedged language (certain vs. tentative) and partisanship of sources (liberal vs. conservative vs. scientific sources) interacted with participants’ epistemic beliefs and political ideology to influence belief in science-related claims and trust in sources. Findings showed that “hedged” language influenced belief in information for individuals with certain epistemic profiles. Participants with higher faith in intuition demonstrated lower belief in claims from scientific sources. Additionally, individuals with a higher conviction that “truth” is political demonstrated lower belief when liberal sources used certain language.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Walker, John. "Client views of TESOL service: expectations and perceptions." International Journal of Educational Management 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513540110394438.

Full text

Abstract:

TESOL (the teaching of English to speakers of other languages) institutions, although inherently educational in character, are essentially service operations. Commercial success may depend on the word‐of‐mouth recommendations of satisfied clients. This study used focus group methodology to explore TESOL client expectations and perceptions of the service they received in New Zealand English language schools and thus to identify major determinants of client satisfaction with the service. The findings appear to confirm the key service role of the ESOL teacher in the minds of TESOL clients, not only as a classroom professional but also as a coach, counsellor and mentor. Other significant factors influencing client satisfaction included the nature of the English language school milieu and the homestay, as well as the quality of client feedback systems, service‐scape, and language school communication with the client. Tentative recommendations are offered for TESOL managers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

LAPPIN, SHALOM, and STUART M. SHIEBER. "Machine learning theory and practice as a source of insightinto universal grammar." Journal of Linguistics 43, no. 2 (June 18, 2007): 393–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226707004628.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we explore the possibility that machine learning approaches to natural-language processing being developed in engineering-oriented computational linguistics may be able to provide specific scientific insights into the nature of human language. We argue that, in principle, machine learning results could inform basic debates about language, in one area at least, and that in practice, existing results may offer initial tentative support for this prospect. Further, results from computational learning theory can inform arguments carried on within linguistic theory as well.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!