Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Teorie chaosu'
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Loukotková, Veronika. "Aplikace teorie chaosu na Elliottovy vlny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232670.
Full textHakl, Vilém. "Tektonika artificiálního chaosu neboli dramaturgie děl napodobujících ch aos aneb strašlivá masturbační fantasie Paridova." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-155994.
Full textVícha, Tomáš. "PREDIKCE CEN ROPY PRO POTREBY FIREM ANGAŽOVANÝCH V ENERGETICKY NÁROCNÝCH VÝROBÁCH." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233700.
Full textPekárek, Jan. "Analýza a predikce vývoje devizových trhů pomocí chaotických atraktorů a neuronových sítí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224706.
Full textBrnka, Radim. "Využití umělé inteligence na kapitálových trzích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223594.
Full textVogelová, Tereza. "Chaos." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232326.
Full textHakl, Vilém. "Chaos noir." Doctoral thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-253671.
Full textNascimento, Roberto Venegeroles. "Teoria cinética de mapas hamiltonianos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-29022008-115433/.
Full textThis work consists in the study of the transport properties of chaotic Hamiltonian systems by using projection operator techniques. Such systems can exhibit deterministic diffusion and display an approach to equilibrium. We show that this diffusive behavior can be viewd as a spectral property of the associated Perron-Frobenius operator. In particular, the leading Pollicott-Ruelle resonance is calculated analytically for a general class of two-dimensional area-preserving maps. Its wavenumber dependence determines the normal transport coefficients. We calculate a general exact formula for the diffusion coefficient, derived without any high stochasticity approximation and a new effect emerges: the angular evolution can induce fast or slow modes of diffusion even in the high stochasticity regime. The non-Gaussian aspects of the chaotic transport are also investigated for this systems. This study is done by means of a relationship between kurtosis and diffusion coefficient and fourth order Burnett coefficient, which are calculated analytically. A characteristic time scale which delimits the Markovian and Gaussian regimes for the density function was established. Despite the accelerator modes, whose kinetics properties are anomalous, all theoretical results are in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations
Woitek, M. (Marcio). "Caos e termalização na teoria de Yang-Mills com quebra espontânea de simetria /." São Paulo :, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92037.
Full textBanca: Iberê Luiz Caldas
Banca: Felipe Barbedo Rizzato
Resumo: Uma das características mais importantes das teorias de gauge não-Abelianas é a não-linearidade das equações de campo clássicas. Mostra-se no contexto da teoria de Yang-Mills que essa característica pode fazer com que o campo de gauge apresente comportamento caótico. Isso pode acontecer mesmo quando estivermos considerando a dinâmica do campo na ausência de fontes, isto é, o vácuo da teoria de Yang-Mills. Discutimos a relação entre os comportamentos caótico e ergódico. Em seguida, introduzimos a formulação de Berdichevsky da Mecânica Estatística Clássica para sistemas dinâmicos Hamiltonianos que são ergódicos e possuem poucos graus de liberdade. A Mecânica Estatística de Berdichevsky é usada para estudar a situação mais simples numa teoria de gauge não-Abeliana onde as variáveis de campo são caóticas e o espaço de fase correspondente tem a propriedade geométrica necessária. Mostramos que, para os propósitos desse estudo, um par de campos escalares complexos deve ser incluído no problema. Mais precisamente, analisamos o modelo de Higgs não-Abeliano; a Lagrangiana da teoria considerada possui uma simetria SU(2). A transição de uma descrição dinâmica do sistema de YangMills-Higgs (fora do equilíbrio termodinâmico) para uma descrição termodinâmica (quando ele atingiu o equilíbrio) é investigada numericamente. Mostra-se que depois de um tempo suficientemente longo as soluções numéricas se comportam de tal maneira que o sistema pode ser descrito de um jeito mais simples através de grandezas como a temperatura, calculadas de acordo com as prescriçõees da Mecânica Estatística de equilíbrio. Estas são previstas analiticamente para comparção com os resultados numéricos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: One of the most important features of non-Abelian gauge theories is the non-linearity of the classical field equations. In the context of Yang-Mills theory it is shown that this feature can cause the gauge field to show chaotic behavior. That can happen even when we are considering the field dynamics in the absence of sources, i.e., the vacuum of the Yang-Mills theory. We discuss the connection between chaotic and ergodic behaviors. Then we introduce Berdichevsky's formulation of Classical Statistical Mechanics for Hamiltonian dynamical systems that are both ergodic and low-dimensional. Berdichevsky's theory of Statistical Mechanics is used to study the simplest situation in a non-Abelian gauge theory where the field variables are chaotic and the corresponding phase space has the necessary geometric property. We show that, for the purposes of this study, a pair of complex scalar fields must be introduced in the problem. More precisely, we analyse the so-called non-Abelian Higgs model; the Lagrangian of the theory we are considering has a SU(2) symmetry. The transition from a non-equilibrium dynamical description of the Yang-Mills-Higgs system to a thermodynamical description when it reaches equilibrium is numerically investigated. It is shown that after a sufficiently long time the numerical solutions behave in such a manner that the system can be described by quantities like the temperature, determined in accordance with the prescriptions of equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. These are predicted analytically for comparison with the numerical results. It is verified that there is agreement between analytical and numerical predictions so that the thermalization of the Yang-Mills-Higgs system can be explained with the aid of Berdichevsky's Statistical Mechanics. A dynamical approach to the study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Woitek, Junior Marcio [UNESP]. "Caos e termalização na teoria de Yang-Mills com quebra espontânea de simetria." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92037.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Uma das características mais importantes das teorias de gauge não-Abelianas é a não-linearidade das equações de campo clássicas. Mostra-se no contexto da teoria de Yang-Mills que essa característica pode fazer com que o campo de gauge apresente comportamento caótico. Isso pode acontecer mesmo quando estivermos considerando a dinâmica do campo na ausência de fontes, isto é, o vácuo da teoria de Yang-Mills. Discutimos a relação entre os comportamentos caótico e ergódico. Em seguida, introduzimos a formulação de Berdichevsky da Mecânica Estatística Clássica para sistemas dinâmicos Hamiltonianos que são ergódicos e possuem poucos graus de liberdade. A Mecânica Estatística de Berdichevsky é usada para estudar a situação mais simples numa teoria de gauge não-Abeliana onde as variáveis de campo são caóticas e o espaço de fase correspondente tem a propriedade geométrica necessária. Mostramos que, para os propósitos desse estudo, um par de campos escalares complexos deve ser incluído no problema. Mais precisamente, analisamos o modelo de Higgs não-Abeliano; a Lagrangiana da teoria considerada possui uma simetria SU(2). A transição de uma descrição dinâmica do sistema de YangMills-Higgs (fora do equilíbrio termodinâmico) para uma descrição termodinâmica (quando ele atingiu o equilíbrio) é investigada numericamente. Mostra-se que depois de um tempo suficientemente longo as soluções numéricas se comportam de tal maneira que o sistema pode ser descrito de um jeito mais simples através de grandezas como a temperatura, calculadas de acordo com as prescriçõees da Mecânica Estatística de equilíbrio. Estas são previstas analiticamente para comparção com os resultados numéricos...
One of the most important features of non-Abelian gauge theories is the non-linearity of the classical field equations. In the context of Yang-Mills theory it is shown that this feature can cause the gauge field to show chaotic behavior. That can happen even when we are considering the field dynamics in the absence of sources, i.e., the vacuum of the Yang-Mills theory. We discuss the connection between chaotic and ergodic behaviors. Then we introduce Berdichevsky’s formulation of Classical Statistical Mechanics for Hamiltonian dynamical systems that are both ergodic and low-dimensional. Berdichevsky’s theory of Statistical Mechanics is used to study the simplest situation in a non-Abelian gauge theory where the field variables are chaotic and the corresponding phase space has the necessary geometric property. We show that, for the purposes of this study, a pair of complex scalar fields must be introduced in the problem. More precisely, we analyse the so-called non-Abelian Higgs model; the Lagrangian of the theory we are considering has a SU(2) symmetry. The transition from a non-equilibrium dynamical description of the Yang-Mills-Higgs system to a thermodynamical description when it reaches equilibrium is numerically investigated. It is shown that after a sufficiently long time the numerical solutions behave in such a manner that the system can be described by quantities like the temperature, determined in accordance with the prescriptions of equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. These are predicted analytically for comparison with the numerical results. It is verified that there is agreement between analytical and numerical predictions so that the thermalization of the Yang-Mills-Higgs system can be explained with the aid of Berdichevsky’s Statistical Mechanics. A dynamical approach to the study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Piqueira, José Roberto Castilho. "Aplicação da teoria qualitativa de equações diferenciais a problemas de sineronismo de fase." Universidade de São Paulo, 1987. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-31032017-082016/.
Full textTrês casos básicos são estudados:
- Malha de Sincronismo de fase Autônoma de 2ª Ordem Modulação em Frequência Acidental em Malha de Sincronismo de Fase de 2ª Ordem Malha de Sincronismo de Fase Autônoma de 3ª Ordem
No caso (i), usando resultados clássicos da teoria de sistemas dinâmicos, discute-se os pontos de equilíbrio e os ciclos limite.
No caso (ii), usando o método de Melnikov propõem-se critérios para previsão de aparecimento de atratores caóticos.
No caso (iii), usando o teorema de bifurcações de Hopf, a estabilidade dos pontos de equilíbrio e a formação dos ciclos limite são analisadas
The Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations is applied to the phaselock problems, and the several parameters space regions are associated to the expected attractors.
Three basic cases are studied:
- Autonomous Second Order Phaselock Loop Accidental Frequency Modulation on Second Orer Phaselock Loop Autonomous Third Order Phaselock Loop
In case i), using classical results of dynamical systems theory, the equilibrium points and limit cycles are analyses.
In case ii), the Melnikov technique gives some criteria for chaotic attractors.
In case iii), Hopf bifurcation theorem provides propositions about equilibrium points and limit cycles.
Mazzardo, Flavia da Luz. "A (im)possibilidade de uma realidade cosmopolita frente à teoria do caos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150160.
Full textSince ancient times Cosmopolitanism has been approached as a goal to be pursued by humanity. Throughout the history several studies have been realized, among which the ideals of Immanuel Kant stand out. In this way, the scope of this work is an approach of Cosmopolitanism, having as main reference the ideals of Immanuel Kant and the Cosmopolitan Normative Theory, in order to verify the possibility of putting this theory into reality, without, however, forgetting the theories To which we are subjected. For this, the text is divided into two parts. In the first part, we will analyze Cosmopolitan Theory and Cosmopolitan Normative Theory. Also, the Butterfly Effect, an early part of Chaos Theory, and its applicability to the science of Law, will be exhibited. In the second part, a brief analysis of the theoretical framework of international law will be carried out, through the historical perspective of the formation of the European Union and Mercosur Economic Blocks. The purpose is to verify the possible progression of the Blocks to a Cosmopolitan State, through the means of legal approximation. It is an interdisciplinary view, since the legal perspective will be confronted with Chaos Theory, based on the Theory of Classical Mechanics.
Tufaile, Alberto. "Estudo da formação de bolhas em líquidos viscosos (uma abordagem usando a teoria do caos)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-02122013-190512/.
Full textWe have constructed an experimental apparatus to study the dynamics of the formation of air bubbles in a nozzle submerged in a water/glycerin solution inside a cy1indrical tube. The time delay between successive bubbles was measured with a laser/photodiode system. The results were interpreted by means of Chaos Theory, and it was observed bífurcations, chaotic behavior, and sudden changes in a periodic regime as a function of decreasing air flow rate issued through the nozzle. Besides bubbling regime transitions, we also observed dynamical effects by applying a sound wave tuned to the fundamental frequency of the air column above the liquid of the bubble formation, As a function of the sound wave amplitude. we obtained limit cycle, flip bifurcation, chaotic behavior, and synchronization of the bubbling with the sound wave frequency. Applying metrical as well as topological characterization to some chaotic attractors, we could establish relation with a Hénon-like dynamics. The Hénon-like behavior is a particular case of the dissipative two-dimenslonal circle-rnap dynamics, and by varying the amplitude of a sound wave, we have observed featutes present in the circle map dynamics, such as transition from quasiperiodic to chaotic behavior, period doubling cascade, and Chaos.
Pereira, Felipe Augusto Cardoso. "Bolhas em fluidos: Uma abordagem com a teoria do caos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-23092014-154749/.
Full textWe studied the bubble formation dynamics in viscous fluids. We developed new experimental techniques to provide a better understanding of the system with one bubbling nozzle on the bottom of a cylinder filled with a water and glycerol solution. In this system, we control the air flow with a mass flowme- ter and a solenoid valve. We have measured simultaneously: the time between successive bubbles, using a laser focused in a photo-diode that has his light scattered when one bubble passes between them; the pressure waves that the bubbling causes in the air injecting system using microphones placed between the solenoid valve and the nozzle; and the geometry of the growing bubbles, through the analysis of the images collected by a high speed camera. The re- sults from this system motivated us to make a model for the bubbles formation dynamics that describes the period-adding route observed in the experiment and is based on first principles. We also investigated a new experimental system, that has two bubbling nozzles inside the same cylinder. We used the same experimetal techniques developed to the one nozzle experiment. We identified that the bubbling on the nozzles synchronizes due the coupling introduced by the liquid circulation, as the air injecting systems are independent. We studied the synchronization by constructing bifurcation diagrams and parameter spaces that show the syn- chronized regions. We also adapted the one nozzle bubbling model to decribe this system. We discovered that the interaction between the two bubble forma- tion dynamics is stronger when we increase the liquid height.
Cavalcante, Eric Gomes Arrais. "Estudo termodinâmico de sistemas quânticos caóticos via Teoria de Matrizes Aleatórias." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6298.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Results from classical Random Matrix Theory (RMT) are well recognized as a way to describe spectral statistical properties of classically chaotic quantum systems, such as the level spacing distribution. We investigate, both numerically and analytically, if RMT can be used, at least for some regimes, to predict the behavior of the statistics of work performed by quenching some external parameter dictating the dynamics of a quantum chaotic system. This is done by comparison of the characteristic function of work obtained numerically from a well known quantum chaotic system called Dicke Model and from matrices pertaining to one of the classical ensembles of RMT, namely GOE. We also show one analytical result for the RMT average of the characteristic function that holds in the limit of high temperatures.
É reconhecido que a teoria de matrizes aleatórias (RMT) é capaz de descrever corretamente o comportamento de propriedades estatísticas espectrais de sistemas quânticos classicamente caóticos, como, por exemplo, suas distribuições de espaçamento de níveis. Investigamos, tanto numericamente quanto analiticamente, se a RMT pode ser usada, ao menos em alguns regimes, para predizer o comportamento da estatística do trabalho realizado ao se realizar um quench sobre um parâmetro externo que dita a dinâmica de um sistema quântico caótico. Isso é feito através da comparação da função característica do trabalho obtida numericamente a partir de um sistema quântico caótico bem conhecido, chamado modelo de Dicke, com a obtida a partir de matrizes pertencentes a um dos ensembles clássicos da RMT, chamado GOE. Mostramos também um resultado analítico para a média RMT da função característica que é válida para o limite de altas temperaturas.
Eisencraft, Marcio. "Contribuições da teoria da estimação para modulações digitais que utilizam sinais caóticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-23112006-213336/.
Full textIn this work, we investigate the use of estimation techniques to digital modulation systems that use chaotic signals. Initially, basic aspects of nonlinear systems and digital modulation theory are reviewed followed by currently proposed techniques of chaotic digital modulation with coherent, noncoherent and differential correlation receivers: CSK (Chaos Shift Keying), DCSK (Differential Chaos Shift Keying) and some of its variants in special FM-DCSK (Frequency Modulated DCSK). These systems are described using a discrete-time lowpass equivalent model to facilitate comparison with conventional digital modulation systems. We derive Cramér-Rao lower bounds for the estimation of the initial condition of chaotic orbits as a function of the statistical properties of the chaos generating map and describe two chaotic orbits estimators: the MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimator) that applies only to maps with uniform invariant density and the Viterbi algorithm for which a generalization is presented that allows its application to a broader class of maps. Because of the larger estimation gains attained in the signal-to-noise ratio range of interest, the latter is used in proposed digital modulation systems that use orbit estimation to detect the transmitted symbol: ML-CSK (Maximum Likelihood CSK) modified to allow maps with nonuniform invariant density using one map or two maps and ML-DCSK (Maximum Likelihood DCSK). The performance of these systems in terms of symbol error rate is accessed via simulation under additive white gaussian noise perturbations.
Olivo, Rodolfo Leandro de Faria. "Um estudo sobre aplicações da teoria do caos e complexidade à gestão das cadeias de suprimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-13102010-192825/.
Full textThis study approaches the use of theory of chaos and complexity on supply chain management. Its purpose consists on answering the main research question, whether the theory of chaos and complexity can contribute to enlarge the understanding of supply chain management. In order to contextualize the discussion, the dissertation sake to disclaim the main authors and concepts of the process that changed the 19th century vision of the classic determinism to the 20th and 21st centuries non deterministic approaches with focus on the raise and consolidation of the chaos and complexity theory non linear approach. The research method used was the case study with focus on a Brazilian franchising company of perfumes and cosmetics. The results analysis suggests evidence that, at least in some aspects, theory of chaos and complexity can indeed be relevant to the understanding of supply chain management.
Prieto, Wesley Heleno 1988. "Aplicação da teoria do caos em um leito fluidizado utilizando-se partículas A, B e D da classificação geldart." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266069.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: A complexa dinâmica dos leitos fluidizados promove a necessidade de metodologias de análise de sinais que representem, com maior fidelidade, as características destes processos e também de técnicas de solução computacional de modelos matemáticos complexos para promover a implementação de novas ferramentas teóricas na caracterização de regimes fluidodinâmicos em sistemas particulados. Nas últimas décadas, a análise do caos se tornou grande aliada na investigação dos fenômenos cuja evolução temporal, aperiódica e sensível às condições iniciais, exiba determinismo. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho emprega a técnica de análise de caos para avaliar as grandezas entropia de Kolmogorov e dimensão de correlação associadas às flutuações de pressão em leito fluidizado (0,1 m de diâmetro) para partículas de FCC, painço e microesferas de vidro Geldart A, B e D. Esta Dissertação também se propõe a resolver um modelo matemático representativo da fluidodinâmica gás-partícula e dele abstrair séries temporais de perda de pressão para, posteriormente, serem submetidas à análise do caos determinístico e comparação com os resultados experimentais. Na etapa laboratorial, foram utilizados transdutores diferenciais de pressão a taxas de 1.000 Hz. O gás de fluidização foi ar ambiente a 25 °C. Para a solução do modelo foi utilizado o método clássico de Euler implementado no software MatLab R2012b. Dos resultados da primeira etapa, observou-se a presença de regiões típicas em todos os perfis de entropia de Kolmogorov e dimensão de correlação, sendo que para a condição de fluidização incipiente os valores dos invariantes foram máximos, logo em seguida evoluindo para uma condição de transição e estabilizando em uma situação menos caótica para o regime slugging. As curvas de fluidização obtidas pela resolução do modelo demonstraram superestimação da perda de pressão, porém, em termos de perfil, houve reprodutibilidade em relação às curvas experimentais. No que tange à análise caótica, os mesmos fenômenos foram notados para as séries temporais simuladas, constatando-se a presença das regiões de transição do leito fixo-incipiência-transição-slugging. De modo geral, torna-se evidente a relação entre parâmetros caóticos e as características físicas dos sistemas (experimentais e simulados), corroborando os invariantes do caos como auxiliares na classificação dos regimes de fluidização
Abstract: The complex dynamics of fluidized beds promotes the requirement of signals analysis methodologies that faithfully represent the characteristics of these processes and also techniques of computational solution of complex mathematical models to promote the implementation of new theoretical methods for characterizing fluid dynamic regimes in particulate systems. In recent decades, the analysis of chaos has become an important tool in the investigation of phenomena whose temporal evolution, aperiodic and sensitive to initial conditions, show determinism. In this regard, the present study employing the chaos analysis technique to evaluate the invariants Kolmogorov entropy and correlation dimension associated with the pressure fluctuations in the fluidized bed (0.1 m diameter) for particles of FCC, millet and glass microspheres (Geldart A, B and D). This work also proposes to solve a representative mathematical model of gas-particle fluid dynamics to obtain pressure time series to be submitted to the deterministic chaos analysis and compared with experimental results. In the experimental stage, differential pressure transducers at rates of 1,000 Hz were used. Fluidizing gas is ambient air at 25 °C. For the solution of the model the classical Euler method was used implemented in Matlab R2012b software. Through the results of the first step, the presence of typical regions were observed in all profiles of Kolmogorov entropy and correlation dimension, being for the condition of incipient fluidization the values of the chaotic invariants were maximum, shortly thereafter progressing to a transition condition and stabilizing in a less chaotic situation for the slugging regime. Fluidization curves obtained by solving of the mathematical model showed overestimation of pressure loss, however, in terms of profile, there was reproducibility as compared to the experimental curves. Referring to the chaotic analysis, the same phenomena were observed for the simulated time series, the presence of transition regions of fixed-bed-incipient-transition-slugging was observed. Generally, it is clear the relationship between chaotic parameters and physical characteristics of the systems (experimental and simulated), supporting the chaotic invariants as aids in classifying fluidization regimes
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Zarzana, Júnior Dávio Antonio Prado. "A aplicação dos recursos da seguridade social, a partir da perspectiva da teoria dos sistemas, da teoria comunicacional e do caos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5523.
Full textThis work, focusing on the financing of Social Security, intends to conduct three checks: first, the existence of deviations in the application of the funds raised for this financing, including from a formulation of one concept of deviation. Second, to examine potential imbalances produced by these possible deviations, from the perspective of Systems Theory, using, in addition, terminology from Communicational Theory. And third, to probe the possibility of complementary application of Chaos Theory to the problem of deviations, if found. The overall result of these investigations, through the dialecticalempirical method, will contribute to the perception of the importance of compliance with the constitutional application of resources to finance the Social Security
Este trabalho, focalizando o custeio da Seguridade Social, pretende realizar três verificações: a primeira, a existência ou não de desvios na aplicação dos recursos arrecadados para este financiamento, inclusive a partir da formulação de um conceito de desvio. A segunda, examinar os desequilíbrios que esses possíveis desvios produziriam, sob a ótica da Teoria dos Sistemas, utilizando-se, em adição, terminologia própria da Teoria Comunicacional. E a terceira, perscrutar a possibilidade de aplicação complementar da Teoria do Caos à problemática dos desvios eventualmente encontrados. O resultado global destas investigações, por meio do método empírico-dialético, deverá colaborar para a percepção da importância do cumprimento constitucional da aplicação dos recursos para o custeio da Seguridade Social
Fariello, Ricardo Francisco [UNESP]. "Caos e termalização na teoria de Yang-Mills-Higgs em uma rede espacial." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132738.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
In this thesis, we are dedicated to study the time evolution generated by the hamiltonian of a classical Yang-Mills-Higgs theory with gauge symmetry SU(2) on a spatial lattice. In particular, we study energy transfer and equilibration processes among the gauge and Higgs sectors, calculate the maximal Liapunov exponents regarding to random initial conditions in the regime of weak coupling, where one expects them to be related to the high-temperature static plasmon damping rate, and investigate their energy and Higgs self-coupling parameter dependence. We further examine finite-time and finite-size errors, value the impact of the Higgs fields on the instabilty of constant non-abelian magnetic fields and comment on the implications of our obtained results for the thermalization properties of gauge fields at finite temperature in the presence of matter.
Oliveira, Jefferson Freitas Amancio de. "Estudo sobre a emergência de padrões de estrutura organizacional em empresas atuantes no Brasil: uma abordagem baseada na teoria da complexidade e do caos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-28082013-165731/.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to a better understanding of organizations through the use of the concepts of the Chaos and Complexity theory. Assuming the organization as a complex adaptive system, it aims to identify patterns of organizational structure in Brazilian companies through connectivity, interdependence and diversity organizational aspects. The study entails an exploratory research in databases in 417 companies (22 economic sectors) and 118 thousands employees that applied for the award of the best companies to work for (Melhores Empresas para se Trabalhar) organized by FIA - Fundação Instituto de Administração and Você S/A. In the analysis it was used data mining techniques, multidimensional scaling and algorithms developed for the design of graphical formations, the span of control, structure and tasks and the adaptive tension between individual goals and the ones found in organizations where the employee works at. The results of the study point to patterns identified and related to organizational characteristics that denote the internal connectivity and interdependence. Structural patterns on information from different economic sectors companies were identified and related to factors such as span of control and adaptive tension between individual goals and perceived characteristics in organizations.
Postal, Juliana Gorayeb, and 92988053182. "Avaliação do uso de quantificadores de teoria da informação para identificação de conversas online de pedofilia." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5980.
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Social networks of instant messaging, such as Whatsapp, represent a real threat for children and teenagers, who can easily become targets of sexual predators and pedophiles. Hence, the automatic identification of pedophile chats represent a key tool to protect the young users of social networks. However, these networks have two sensitive particularities: (1) messages are often stored only locally; (2) mobile devices of limited processing power are the major interfaces. In this context, the state-of-the-art has a prohibitive cost to run on mobile devices. On the other hand, the nature of the peer-to-peer communication of such networks make it inviable to process the chat on the cloud, without risking to expose the victims. In this work, we present a new method, based on the Shannon entropy and the Jensen-Shannon divergence, to identify pedophile chats, that achieves nearly 90% of F1 and F0.5, and can be up to 72.8% faster than the state-of-the-art. In this work, we present a method for extracting text features based on two information theory quantifiers, using individual histograms of words representing the conversations and three mean histograms that represent the discourse pattern of possible types of authors present on the basis of Data: Predator (pedophile), victim and regular (neither victim nor predator). The first quantifier is Shannon’s entropy which indicates repetition of the subject’s subject in conversations, the second is the Jensen-Shannon divergence that measures the similarity between speech in a conversation relative to the discourse pattern of author types. The proposed method is able to summarize the conversations considered in the study in three characteristics of entropy and three characteristics of divergence independent of the amount of conversations considered in the experiments. This compact feature vector allows a classifier to be able to identify pedophile conversations with a performance close to 90%, considering the measures F1 and F0.5, and that it becomes 72.8% faster than the state of the art.
Redes sociais privativas de mensagens instantaneas, como Whatsapp, representam uma ameaca para criancas e adolecentes que podem se tornar alvos de pedofilos. Portanto, a identificacao automatica de conversas de pedofilia representa uma importante ferramenta para prote¸c˜ao de jovens usuarios destas redes. Contudo, estas redes possuem como particularidades: (1) as mensagens s˜ao tipicamente armazenadas apenas localmente; e (2) dispositivos moveis de capacidade limitada de processamento sao os principais veıculos de utilizacao. Neste contexto, as solucoes de estado-da-arte possuem um custo computacional proibitivo para execucao em dispositivos m´oveis. Em contrapartida, a natureza da comunicacao ponto-a-ponto destas redes torna, em muitos casos, inviavel o processamento em nuvem sem correr o risco de expor as vıtimas de pedofilia. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um metodo para extracao de caracterısticas de texto baseado em dois quantificadores de teoria da informacao, que utilizam histogramas individuais de palavras que representam as conversas e tres histogramas medios que representam o padrao de discurso dos possıveis tipos de autores presentes na base de dados: Predador (pedofilo), vıtima e regular (nem vıtima e nem predador). O primeiro quantificador ´e a entropia de Shannon que indica repeticao de assunto dos tipos de autor em conversas, o segundo e a divergencia de Jensen-Shannon que mede a similaridade entre o discurso em uma conversa em relacao ao padrao de discurso dos tipos de autor. O metodo proposto e capaz de resumir as conversas consideradas no estudo em tres caracterısticas de entropia e tres caracterısticas de divergencia independente da quantidade de conversas consideradas nos experimentos. Este vetor de caracteristicas compacto permite que um classificador seja capaz de identificar conversas de pedofilia com um desempenho próximo a 90%, considerando as medidas F1 e F0,5, e que chega a ser 72,8% mais rápido que o estado-da-arte.
Moura, Helder Lima de 1987. "Análise da influência do ruído na obtenção de atratores e parâmetros determinísticos da teoria do caos aplicada em uma seção de riser de um leito fluidizado circulante." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266593.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Sinais caóticos são sinais cujo comportamento é aperiódico e sensível às condições iniciais ou às pequenas perturbações. Sob este aspecto, diversos campos do conhecimento, tais como engenharia, biologia e economia, podem fazer uso da análise de séries temporais para descrever situações características a seus estudos. Contudo, encontram-se dificuldades para classificar sistemas dinâmicos caóticos a partir de métodos tradicionais como, por exemplo, o espectro de potência de Fourier. Para uma nova abordagem, a reconstrução de atratores, a partir do método de Takens, vem sendo apontada como alternativa de análise para diferenciar o caos determinístico de um comportamento estocástico. A partir do caos determinístico, várias propriedades conhecidas como invariantes caóticas podem ser determinadas, como a dimensão de correlação e a entropia de Kolmogorov. No entanto, estudos recentes têm mostrado que ruídos limitam o desempenho de várias técnicas empregadas na identificação e previsão de sistemas determinísticos e, portanto, influenciando no cálculo dos invariantes caóticos. A extensão da influência do ruído na análise de dados experimentais é difícil de entender devido à falta de conhecimento sobre o nível e a natureza do ruído. Este trabalho, além de construir uma ferramenta para o cálculo dos invariantes caóticos, propõe uma abordagem sistemática para a redução de ruído em séries temporais de sinais de concentração de partículas de FCC, obtidos experimentalmente por uma sonda de fibra óptica em uma seção de riser de um leito fluidizado circulante (LFC). Para a determinação e a redução do nível de ruído foi utilizado o algoritmo de máxima verossimilhança (Schouten et al., 1994a) e o método de Schreiber (1993), respectivamente. Para tanto, adiciona-se o ruído no mapa de Hénon para, a seguir, ser aplicado sobre dados experimentais. Para avaliar a eficácia do método proposto, investiga-se a precisão da previsão para as séries caóticas a partir das redes neuronais artificiais e o valor da dimensão de correlação e entropia de Kolmogorov. Os resultados para identificação do nível de ruído e a sua redução mostram que a técnica proposta neste trabalho é promissora, pois conhecendo o nível de ruído, a redução deste é feita com maior precisão, em consequência disto, os resultados finais mantêm as características caóticas da dinâmica original. Sendo assim, é possível obter uma maior confiabilidade no grau de liberdade e previsibilidade na aplicação em sistemas experimentais
Abstract: Chaotic signals are signals whose behavior is aperiodic and sensitive to initial conditions or to small perturbations. In this regard, various fields of knowledge such as engineering, biology and economics, can make use of time series analysis to describe typical situations to its studies. However, it is difficult to classify chaotic dynamic systems from traditional methods such as Fourier power spectrum. Towards a new approach, reconstruction of attractors from the Takens's method has been suggested as an alternative analysis to differentiate the deterministic chaos of a stochastic behavior. Several properties known as chaotic invariants can be determined from the deterministic chaos such as the correlation dimension and Kolmogorov entropy. However, recent studies have shown that noise limits the performance of various techniques used in the identification and prediction of deterministic systems and influences the calculation of chaotic invariants. The extent of the noise influence in the analysis of experimental data is difficult to understand due to the lack of knowledge about the level and nature of the noise. This work elaborates a tool for the calculation of chaotic invariants and proposes a systematic approach to noise reduction in time series of particle concentration signals. The particle concentration signals were obtained experimentally by an optic fiber probe in a riser section of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). To evaluate and reduce the noise levels the maximum likelihood algorithm (Schouten et al., 1994a) and the method of Schreiber (1993), were used, respectively. Therefore, the noise is added to the Hénon map to be applied on experimental data. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method the accuracy of prediction by the artificial neural networks, the value of correlation dimension and Kolmogorov entropy from the chaotic time series are investigate. The results for the identification and reduction of noise show that the proposed technique is promising. The reduction is performed with higher accuracy knowing the noise level. Consequently, the final results maintain the original characteristics of chaotic dynamics. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a greater reliability in the degree of freedom and predictability in the application in experimental systems
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Nyimi, Douglas Ricardo Slaughter. "Computabilidade e limites da matemática das teorias físicas: aplicações em sistemas elétricos de potência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-09122011-101051/.
Full textAlthough the models used in engineering are, in most cases, admittedly approximated, it is believed that the Mathematics used in Physics and in these models, is infinitely precise and that such physical theories could fully predict any event related to variables in equations. In the limit, it would be possible to predict the state of the universe at any moment, this belief is called determinism. It is clear that this claim is only in principle, impossible in practice. However, research on the foundations of Mathematics and other mathematical theories developed in the 20th century suggest that the Mathematics (and hence Physics) would have certain inherent limitations. The analysis made in this thesis has the arguments based on the Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability and the Theory of Deterministic Chaos. The main objective is to find out the existence of inherent limits and how these limits could be applied to electric power systems (more specifically to the topics load flow, electromechanical transient and electromagnetic transient and power electronics) and control engineering.
Anselmo, Estevao. "Modelo de gestão não-linear: a teoria do caos e complexidade aplicada à gestão de empresas de alto crescimento em ambientes dinâmicos e imprevisíveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-06092007-155707/.
Full textThis study is about the use of the chaos and complexity theory on the managing of companies operating in dynamic and unforeseeable environments. The general purpose of this study is the conceptual development of a nonlinear management model, based on the chaos and complexity theory. The specifics purposes of this study are to evaluate the adjustment degree of managerial principles and techniques used by those companies operating in dynamic and unforeseeable environments to the nonlinear management model proposed and how this adjustment degree relates to the long term performance of such companies. The research design used is a multiple-case study with theoretical replication. The study analyses three pairs of companies in the heavy construction, corporate management software and cosmetics industries. For each pair of companies, the leading and a following national company are compared as regards their management models and performances. The results showed that for each industry, the companies have different adjustment degrees to the nonlinear management model proposed, and those companies showing a higher adjustment to the model present better performance level, as regard sales growth. The study concludes that for cases studied there are evidences that the adjustment degree of managerial principles and techniques applied by companies to the nonlinear management model are directly related to the long term sales growth. The observed results validate the initial theoretical propositions of the study, and indicate the possibility to use the chaos and complexity theory?s concepts for management and performance improvement of companies operating in dynamic and unforeseeable environments.
Garms, Marco Antonio. "Modelagem fuzzy para fixação de trajetórias em sistemas caóticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-10012008-100351/.
Full textA mapping of analytical tools for representation and computational treatment of Fuzzy Systems was made in this thesis. This mapping evidenced the existence of relations and the adequacy of the use of the Fuzzy Theory in the models construction for the problems solution involving dynamic systems e, in particular, of chaotic systems. A differentiation was considered about two types of Fuzzy Dynamic Systems - the Intrinsic Fuzzy Dynamic Systems (IFDS) and the Extrinsic Fuzzy Dynamic Systems (EFDS). The EFDS in the Fuzzy modeling is used for the problems solution of trajectories setting in chaotic systems. Case Studies had been developed that allow to verify, by means of simulation in billiards and tests in circuit of Chua (implemented in physical prototype), the adequacy of the use of this strategy in the solution of these problems. Related with Chua circuit, can be mentioned the following achievements: Computational treatment on real circuit; Use of a 8-bits AD converter followed by lowpass filter to compensate this low resolution signals reading; Use of gyrator circuit to implement the inductor used in this circuit; Proposal and accomplishment of a circuit to define the control resistor, via PC parallel port, of simple reproduction. Related with billiards, the following achievements are mentioned: Definition of a new billiard - Garms & Andrade Newtonian Billiard; Development of detailed equations of the simulations billiards analysis. When discussing again the Sequential Logic Fuzzy, is defined and developed, by means of the application of feedback in Sequential Circuits Fuzzy in the Dynamic Systems, an Astable Fuzzy (non-periodic oscillations), which exemplifies an IFDS. Finally, some interpretations of the Physics for the Fuzzy Theory are also presented with the use of the IFDS concept.
Filho, José Augusto Andrade. "Definição automática da quantidade de atributos selecionados em tarefas de agrupamento de dados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-06122013-142810/.
Full textReal-world datasets commonly present high dimensional data, what leads to an increased amount of information. However, this does not always imply on an improvement in terms of clustering techniques performance. Furthermore, some features may be correlated or add unexpected noise, reducing the data clustering performance. This problem motivated the development of feature selection techniques, which attempt to find the most relevant subset of features to cluster data. In this work, we focus on the problem of unsupervised feature selection. This is a difficult problem, since there is no class label information. Therefore, there is no guide to measure the quality of the feature subset. The main goal of this work is to define a method to identify the number of features to select (after sorting them based on some criterion). This task is carried out by means of the False Nearest Neighbor, which has its root in the Chaos Theory. Experimental results show that this technique gives an good approximate number of features to select. When compared to other techniques, in most of the analyzed cases, while selecting fewer features, it maintains the quality of the data partition
Souza, Silvio Luiz Thomaz de. "Caos e controle em sistemas mecânicos com impactos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-13122013-120016/.
Full textInitially, we analyze three ideal mechanical systems with impacts: an impact oscilator, an impact-pair, and a gear-box (gear-rattling). Between impacts, the motion is described by a linear differential equation. After each impact, we use the Newton law of impact to determine new initial conditions of an analytical solution. Due to impacts, the trajectories in phase space are discontinuous and described by a transcendental map. The Lyapunov exponents, important to characterize the attractors, are calculated from the transcendental map. In the numerical simulations, we observe nonlinear phenomena as crises, intermittency, chaotic behavior, and coexisting attractors. Moreover, we present the basins of attraction of the coexisting attractors. Furthermore, we show how to control the chaotic behavior, with a small perturbation and by the OGY (Ott, Grebogi, and Yorke) method. Finally, we investigate the dynamics of a non-ideal system with impacts, that is composed by an impact-pair system on a non-ideal system (in this system, the energy source actions depend on the system oscillations). From the numerical simulations, we identify nonlinear phenomena as interior crises, intermittency, for which the system oscillates among three chaotic attractors. Besides this intermittency, we observe another one. Associated to a chaotic and two periodic attractors. In addition, we show the riddle basins of attraction of the two coexisting periodic attractors.
Kudrna, Jan. "Predikce na kapitálových trzích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221489.
Full textSoriano, Diogo Coutinho. "Novas propostas para análise de estabilidade, controle e processamento de sinais no contexto de dinâmicas não-lineares." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261123.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: A presente tese de doutoramento apresenta contribuições à análise de estabilidade, ao controle e ao processamento de sinais no contexto de sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares. No que se refere à análise de estabilidade, este trabalho apresenta um novo método para calcular o espectro de Lyapunov para soluções de sistemas dinâmicos a partir de cópias ("clones") das equações de estado com pequenas perturbações nas condições iniciais. A proposta se caracteriza por: não exigir linearizações das equações de movimento; possibilitar a estimação parcial do espectro de Lyapunov; viabilizar a estimação do espectro para sistemas dinâmicos não-suaves. Além disso, este procedimento de cálculo é utilizado para construir uma estratégia de controle de sistemas dinâmicos baseada no ajuste de parâmetros livres que levam a um determinado espectro de Lyapunov desejado, estratégia esta que é testada no âmbito do modelo neuronal de Hodgkin-Huxley. Como contribuição no contexto de processamento de sinais, este trabalho se dedica a apresentar uma nova metodologia para separação de sinais caóticos misturados com sinais estocásticos baseada na análise por quantificação de recorrência, assim como uma nova técnica de sombreamento e filtragem de sinais caóticos quando a estrutura das equações de estado está disponível
Abstract: This doctoral thesis presents contributions to the stability analysis, control and signal processing in the context of nonlinear dynamical systems. With regard to the stability analysis, this work presents a new method to calculate the Lyapunov spectrum of solutions for dynamical systems based on copies ("clones") of the state equations with small perturbations in the initial conditions. The proposal has the following key features: it does not require linearization of the motion equations; it allows the partial estimation of the Lyapunov spectrum; it allows the spectrum estimation for non-smooth dynamical systems. Moreover, this calculation procedure is used to construct a strategy of control of dynamical systems based on the selection of parameters that lead to a particular desired Lyapunov spectrum, which is tested for the neuronal model proposed by Hodgkin and Huxley. As a contribution in the context of signal processing, this work presents a new methodology for blind source separation of chaotic signals mixed with stochastic sources based on recurrence quantification analysis, as well as a new technique for shadowing and filtering chaotic signals when the structure of the state equations is available
Doutorado
Automação
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Perinelli, Alessio. "A new approach to optimal embedding of time series." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/280754.
Full textJusto, Marina Jeaneth Machicao. "Padrões e pseudo-aleatoriedade usando sistemas complexos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-28022018-144846/.
Full textIn this work, we demonstrate that patterns and randomness are close related, contrary to what intuitively is considered as opposite fields. We aimed for a pattern recognition approach that aims for two purposes: (i) to take advantages from the chaotic properties as a source of pseudo-randomness in order to measure pseudo-randomness and (ii) to extract patterns from spatio-temporal diagrams obtained from complex systems models as a pattern recognition method. This work has focused on different complex systems such as discrete dynamical systems, complex networks, cellular automata (CA), and their combinations. The first method was to explore the chaotic properties in a deep-zoom manner as a source of pseudo-randomness from chaotic dynamical systems such as the logistic map and the tent map. We observed that the patterns vanish and therefore pseudo-randomness is increased by removing k right digits from the original orbit sequences. Therefore, we found an interesting chaotic source to obtain pseudo-randomness number generators (PRNGs). A second method was proposed based on the embedding of cellular automata (CA) over a network topology, also called network automata, aiming to characterize networks from the intrinsic spatio-temporal dynamics of these networks. Various on-demand problems were explored such as (i) identifying online social networks; (ii) identifying organisms from distinct domains of life through their metabolic networks; (iii) classifying stomata distribution patterns varying according to different environmental conditions; and (iv) the authorship identification problem. Finally, this same approach was used to analyze the sequences of pseudo-random numbers generated by the gold standard k-logistic map in the context of pattern recognition. So far, the proposed pattern recognition approach based on non-linear systems allowed us to explored patterns and pseudo-randomness extracted from a myriad of systems with successful results in terms of accuracy and good pseudorandomness. The proposed method has made significant progress in real-world pattern recognition applications from a wide branch of fields such as Cryptography, Cryptanalysis, Biology and Data Science.
Saenz, Arteaga Arturo Rodolfo. "El Éxito de la Gestión de Proyectos. Un nuevo enfoque entre lo tradicional y lo dinámico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117483.
Full textEn este trabajo se busca desarrollar y probar un nuevo modelo de investigación en la Gestión de Proyectos con el fin de conocer en profundidad el Éxito de la Gestión de Proyectos pero bajo un marco conceptual de estudio que considere las perspectivas teóricas existentes así cómo las teorías relacionadas ya que a la fecha los Modelos de madurez (Jugdev & Thomás, 2002), Lógica Difusa (Liberatore, 2002), Modelos de Simulación Dinámica (Doloi & Jaafari, 2002), Trabajo en Equipo (Loo, 2002) y de Toma de Decisiones (McCray, Purvis, McCray, 2002) no han podido explicar cómo es que el Éxito de la Gestión de Proyectos, aún con el personal más idóneo y con los mejores recursos, falla (Shenhar & Dvir, 2007). El hecho es que actualmente las organizaciones están optando más por proyectos que por operaciones para mejorar sus rendimientos (Shenhar & Dvir, 2007), y los modelos actuales no están siendo capaces de explicar el bajo valor del Éxito que es identificado en los reportes de "The Standish Group" y de "eGov4Dev" (Herzog, 2001). Está falta de capacidad tal vez se debe a que los modelos no han reparado en considerar el respaldo de una Teoría de Proyectos la cual si bien no ha sido establecida formalmente cómo la Teoría Organizacional, muchos autores acusan su existencia en un contexto pluridisciplinario amparado en las bases teóricas de otras ciencias que tienen implicancia directa en el desarrollo organizacional, cómo la Teoría de la Complejidad y de la estructuración. En ese sentido, se construye un nuevo modelo profundizando en las Teorías de Proyectos así cómo en las Teorías Relacionadas pero desde un punto de vista deterministico logrando identificar a la Eficacia de Equipos cómo un elemento clave en el Éxito de la Gestión de Proyectos así cómo a factores tradicionales y dinámicos que tienen respaldo en la Teoría Organizacional y en la Teoría de la Complejidad. Una metodología que considera el análisis de factores sociales y factores dinámicos es aplicada en este nuevo modelo en el que necesariamente se tiene que usar paralelismos epistemológicos de modo de poder extraer variables de otros campos de investigación y probarlos en la disciplina de la Gestión de Proyectos cómo una forma de conocimiento valido (Arnoult, 1976). Este modelo es probado en 6 empresas mineras que desarrollan proyectos en el Perú mediante una regresión lineal jerárquica y considera una muestra de 52 equipos de proyectos con 5 y 6 personas por equipo. Está investigación confirma que la composición del equipo, la eficacia del equipo así cómo la identificación organizacional son significativos constructos que explican el Éxito de la Gestión de Proyectos, así también que una elevada eficacia de equipos de proyectos e identificación organizacional no siempre aseguran el Éxito de la Gestión de Proyectos.
This paper seeks to build and test a conceptual framework of study to evaluate in depth the Success of Project Management through a new model that considers the existing theoretical perspectives as well as related theories as to the date of maturity models (Jugdev & Thomás, 2002), Fuzzy Logic (Liberatore, 2002), Dynamic Simulation Models (Doloi & Jaafari, 2002), Teamwork (Loo, 2002) and Decision Making have been unable to explain how the success ofthe Project Management even with the best staff and the best resources, fails (Shenhar & Dvir, 2007). The fact is that organizations today are opting for operations rather than projects (Shenhar & Dvir, 2007), and current models are not being able to explain the low value of the success that is identified in the reports of "The Standish Group "and" eGov4Dev" (Herzog, 2001). This lack of capacity may be because the models have not noticed considered the back of a Project theory which although it has not been formally established as organizational theory, many authors accuse their existence in a multidisciplinary context covered in theoretical foundations of other sciences which have direct implications on organizational development, as the theory of complexity and structure. On this respect, we construct a new model deepening in Project and Related Theories but considering •a deterministic point of view achieving to identify Equipment Effectiveness as a key element in the successful management of projects as well as traditional and dynamic factors that have support in organizational and complexity theory. A methodology that considers the analysis of social factors and dynamic factors is applied in this new model in which necessarily have to use parallels epistemological such that extract variables from other fields of research and testing will be tested in discipline of Project Management as a form of valid knowledge (Arnoult, 1976). This model is tested on 6 companies that develop mining projects in Peru with a Hierarchical linear regression on a sample of 52 project teams with 5 or 6 people per team. This research confirms that the composition of the team, team effectiveness and identification are significant organizational constructs that explain the success of project management, so that a high effectiveness of project teams and organizational identification does not always ensure success Project Management.
Dodonov, Evgueni. "Uma abordagem de predição da dinâmica comportamental de processos para prover autonomia a ambientes distribuídos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-05082009-205709/.
Full textThe evolution of distributed systems resulted in a significant growth in management and support complexities, which uncovered the inefficiencies incurred by the usage of conventional management techniques, based in manual interventions. This, therefore, has motivated researches towards the concept of Autonomic Computing, which provides aspects of self-configuration, self-healing, self-optimization and self-protection, aiming at developing computer systems capable of self-management. In this context, this thesis was conceived with the goal of providing autonomy to distributed systems, without changing the programming paradigm or user applications. In order to reach this goal, we proposed an approach which employs techniques capable of modelling and predicting the dynamics of application behavior, using concepts introduced in dynamical systems, artificial intelligence, and chaos theory. The obtained results demonstrated that it is possible to optimize several aspects of distributed computing, providing support for autonomic computing capabilities to distributed environments. In order to validate the proposed approach, a distributed scheduling policy was developed, named PredRoute, which uses the knowledge about the process behavior to transparently optimize the resource allocation. Experimental results demonstrated that this policy can improve the system performance by up to a power of 4, and also requires a considerably low computational cost, which suggests its adoption for online process scheduling in distributed environments
Souza, Cíntia Ginaid de. "Variabilidade da frequência cardíaca na sepse neonatal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-03082015-122033/.
Full textIntroduction: infectious diseases are responsible for more than one-third of neonatal deaths, and sepsis is of great importance. Early Neonatal Sepsis (ENS) increases five times the mortality rate among term and late preterm newborns. Among extreme preterm babies the mortality rate increases by twenty-five times. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been showing to be capable of anticipating the diagnosis, thus reducing by 22 percent the relative risk of mortality of very low preterm babies with sepsis. Objective: to verify HRV of newborn babies suspects of having ENS; to identify significant measures of HRV and to verify if, associated to clinical-laboratorial variables, if they improve the chance of identifying patients exposed to developing ENS. Method: a portable frequencimeter was used to registering the measurements of HRV in the domains of time, of frequency and of chaos. Among them, only those with a ROC curve greater than 0.75 were chosen, with their cut-off values to enter a logistic regression with the aim of identifying those more suitable to the model. The clinical-laboratorial variables which were considered significant in a univariete analysis were also submitted to the multivariate analysis with the purpose of identifying those better fitted to the model. Results: four clinical-laboratorial variables (male sex, gestational age less than 34 weeks, the Rodwell Score and C-Reactive Protein); similarly, nine measures of HRV (RRmean, SDNN, RR tri index, LF, HF, SD2 of Poincaré plot, ShaEnt, CorrDimD2 and SamAsy). Five of them presented an area under the ROC curve greater than 0.75: SDNN, RR tri index, LF, SD2 and CorrDim D2. Once applied the logistic regression, only CorrDim D2 remained, with a cut-off value of 0.1164. The identified variables were, then, submitted to the calculation of the logit, with the purpose of quantifying the chance of a patient suspect of evolving to a sepsis, in the dependence of the three elected variables: CorrDim D2, gestational age under 34 weeks and the Score of Rodwell. Conclusion: the study showed that both, the predictive clinical model as CorrDim D2 are able, independently, to estimate the chance that a patient with suspected sepsis future has to effectively confirm the diagnosis of sepsis. And that, moreover, if the CorrDim D2 is aggregated to clinical predictive model, this chance increases considerably.
Sousa, Amanda Moura de. "Organização em sistema caótico: uso das tags para classificação da informação pelos usuários da rede social Twitter." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, 2012. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/774.
Full textIt discusses issues related to classification and knowledge organization, folksonomy, information retrieval and the theories of chaos and complexity in systems, in order to approach the concepts needed to conduct the investigation. Approaches classification since its innate character, through the philosophical studies started in antiquity, even to the scientific approach to design of bibliographic classifications, and the classifications that have been used for organizing information in the Web 2.0 era. The theoretical discussion is developed on the theories of chaos and complexity in systems and their relationship with social networking sites. In particular with the social network Twitter which is a network of messages posted by users of the system, limited to 140 characters, without forming user groups by communities or groups of interest, as it is common in other social networks. The exploratory and empirical research shows the use and purpose of hashtags in Twitter, highlighting the role of collaboration in the choice of terms. Concludes that collaboration is essential to make information retrieval more effective, as well as acting in the convergence of knowledge
Aborda temas relacionados à classificação e organização do conhecimento, folksonomia, recuperação da informação e às teorias do caos e da complexidade em sistemas, com o objetivo de constituir o campo conceitual necessário para conduzir a investigação. Trata a classificação desde o seu caráter inato, passando pelos estudos filosóficos iniciados na antiguidade, chegando até a abordagem científica da concepção das classificações bibliográficas e das classificações que vem sendo utilizadas para a organização da informação na era da Web 2.0. Num segundo momento, a discussão teórica se desenvolve nas teorias do caos e da complexidade em sistemas e suas relações com as redes sociais na Internet, em particular, com a rede social Twitter que é uma rede de mensagens postadas pelos usuários do sistema, limitadas a 140 caracteres, sem o agrupamento dos usuários por comunidades ou grupos de interesse, como é comum em outras redes sociais. A pesquisa exploratória e empírica evidencia o uso e as finalidades das hashtags no Twitter, destacando o papel da colaboração na escolha dos termos. Conclui que a colaboração é essencial para tornar a recuperação da informação mais efetiva, além de atuar na convergência de saberes
Bastos, Marco Toledo de Assis. "A epifania digital dos chats - escritura e subjetivação cibercultural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27142/tde-17032008-142208/.
Full textThe present dissertation concerns Internet chat-rooms making an effort to work them with a different approach. It is not about surrounding the object but trying a kind of conversation with them. It is an attempt to pursue it across bits. Roughly speaking, this work is divided in three major chapters or sections: The first chapter intends to clarify the relation between researcher and object embraced in this work. In fact, some parts of this chapter are written in first person. The point is to show how this object (chatrooms) comes to the researcher. In theoretical terms, it is to say how subject (a concept no longer used on this work) can represent itself with such a shifty object. The last extract on this chapter, Modus Operandi, is about the very methodological issue that guides this investigation. It is on the second chapter that subjectiveness comes to surface. It is an attempt to map these little spots in cyberculture we call bubble-characters and also to point out their very nomad technique of doing and undoing culture. War, Control and Terrorism: electronic communication presents a vast amount of phenomena not clearly referred previous to this networking era. That means power has also been shaped in fresh new ways. The last two excerpts of this chapter concerns this strange modality in spectral communication. It is about how these subjectivity machines work on contemporaneity. The third and last chapter is mostly about the writing style this medium brings on. Once again, the aim is to discuss how this intangible and networked text turns to be composed by small clusters called nicks. It is focused on language, imagination, and a seduction of the text which is an image itself. These are all questions theory of communication can no longer evade. However, it is not enough to just discuss how interactivity on Internet creates new subjectivity. It is also important to identify how these interactions create a new logic of communication conspicuously innovative. It is mandatory to identify how this feedback circuit works thus creating reality.
Araújo, Sabrina Borges Lino. "Caos e formação de padrões espaciais em cadeias alimentares de duas e três espécies." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278377.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Apresentaremos duas formas de modelar a dinâmica de populações ecológicas do tipo cadeia alimentar. Em uma delas consideramos que os indivíduos estão distribuídos homogeneamente no espaço e interagem entre si com iguais probabilidades, de forma que o espaço não precisa ser tratado explicitamente. Este tipo de modelo é conhecido como Modelo de campo médio. Na outra forma de modelagem, consideramos que as espécies estão distribuídas no espaço, onde os indivíduos migram e interagem apenas com aqueles que estão em uma determinada vizinhança de suas posições, o Modelo espacial. Ambos os modelos consideram o tempo discreto e o espaço, no caso do modelo espacial, é simulado por uma rede bidimensional de N x N sítios. Mostraremos as dinâmicas para duas espécies, uma espécie predadora e outra presa, e posteriormente incluiremos uma terceira espécie, de forma a ter uma cadeia alimentar de três espécies, utilizando os dois modelos. No modelo de campo médio de duas espécies observamos atratores no espa»co de fases que vão desde a pontos fixos até atratores caóticos. Ao incluir a terceira espécie os atratores ficam mais elaborados. No modelo espacial evidenciamos que o tamanho da vizinhança de interação modifica consideravelmente a dinâmica e a forma como as espécies se organizam no espaço. Quando a vizinhança de interação assume valores intermediários ocorrem superpopulações, porém ao aumentarmos esta interação as superpopulações desaparecem e o modelo espacial tende ao modelo de campo médio. Observamos também a sincronização da dinâmica das populações dos sítios ao longo do tempo
Abstract: We study the dynamics of ecological populations of predators and preys using two different approaches. The first is a Mean Field approach, in which we assume that the individuals are homogeneously mixed in space, so that they interact with one another with equal probability. In this case the space is not explicitly treated. The second approach considers that the individuals are distributed in space, where they can migrate and interact only with those that are in a given neighborhood of their position. In both models we consider time and space in a discrete manner. We study the dynamics generated by the interaction of two species, a predator and a prey, and also the dynamics of a system with three species, using both models. The mean field model shows the appearance of several types of attractors, including chaotic ones. In the spatial model we show that the size of the interaction neighborhood modifies the dynamics and the organization of the species in the space. When the interaction neighborhood has intermediate values, super-populations arise. Nonetheless, if we further increase the size of interaction neighborhood, the super-populations disappear and the spatial model reduces to the mean field model. We also observe situations where the population oscillations become synchronized during the time evolution
Mestrado
Sistemas Dinamicos
Mestre em Física
Lisboa, Alexandre Coutinho. "Controle de caos em PLL de terceira ordem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-02092009-100746/.
Full textFirstly, features of electronic devices known as PLLs (Phase-Locked Loops) are presented. PLLs are widely employed to extract time signals in communication channels and in applications where automatic control of frequency is desired. The main goal is to study analog PLLs described by a third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Thus, conditions for asymptotic stability are derived and a regime of conservative chaos occurring under certain combinations of parameter values is identified. Then, three methods of control of nonlinear/ chaotic dynamics are presented and applied. The methods are the following: the Pyragas method via feedback of state variable; the Pyragas method with time delay in the feedback; and the Sinhas method, which performs the control by disturbing a parameter of the system. Numerical simulations are accomplished in order to illustrate the dynamical behavior of the system when subjected to the action of these methods. This work ends with a study of a single-chain PLL network. Conditions for synchronous, periodic and chaotic (dissipative and conservative) solutions are derived for such a network.
Bem, Isabella Vieira de. "Models of complexity in Robert Coover's John's wife and the adventures of Lucky Pierre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5841.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation analyzes two novels by the American novelist Robert Coover as examples of hypertextual writing on the book bound page, as tokens of hyperfiction. The complexity displayed in the novels, John's Wife and The Adventures of Lucky Pierre, integrates the cultural elements that characterize the contemporary condition of capitalism and technologized practices that have fostered a different subjectivity evidenced in hypertextual writing and reading, the posthuman subjectivity. The models that account for the complexity of each novel are drawn from the concept of strange attractors in Chaos Theory and from the concept of rhizome in Nomadology. The transformations the characters undergo in the degree of their corporeality sets the plane on which to discuss turbulence and posthumanity. The notions of dynamic patterns and strange attractors, along with the concept of the Body without Organs and Rhizome are interpreted, leading to the revision of narratology and to analytical categories appropriate to the study of the novels. The reading exercised throughout this dissertation enacts Daniel Punday's corporeal reading. The changes in the characters' degree of materiality are associated with the stages of order, turbulence and chaos in the story, bearing on the constitution of subjectivity within and along the reading process. Coover's inscription of planes of consistency to counter linearity and accommodate hypertextual features to the paper supported narratives describes the characters' trajectory as rhizomatic. The study led to the conclusion that narrative today stands more as a regime in a rhizomatic relation with other regimes in cultural practice than as an exclusively literary form and genre. Besides this, posthuman subjectivity emerges as class identity, holding hypertextual novels as their literary form of choice.
Lopes, Júnior Juarez Aloizio. "Aprendizagem da língua inglesa como segunda língua baseada em tarefas: uma proposta de trabalho com ciclo complexo." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2721.
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Em 1997, a autora Diane Larsen-Freeman publicou um inquietante artigo chamado “Ciência do Caos / Complexidade e Aquisição de Segunda Língua” (LARSENFREEMAN, 1997). Nesse trabalho, a linguista argumenta que há muitas similaridades entre a nova ciência do caos/complexidade e a aquisição de segunda língua. Diante das reflexões que tais ideias suscitam, pretende-se analisar a estrutura e a teoria da aprendizagem baseada em tarefas (Task Based Learning), sob a ótica da teoria do caos/complexidade. De acordo com Willis, J. (1996), essa abordagem comunicativa apresenta seis etapas, a saber: pré-tarefa, tarefa, planejamento, relatório, análise e prática. Como recorte em um universo tão amplo de pesquisa, tem-se a relação da teoria do caos/complexidade com o ciclo da tarefa – tarefa, planejamento e relatório (task-planning-report), enunciado por Willis, J. (1996).De acordo com Larsen-Freeman e Cameron (2008), uma abordagem complexa não se traduz em um método de ensino de L2 complexo. Este trabalho visa aproximar o trabalho seminal da linguista Diane Larsen-Freeman sobre a Teoria do Caos/Complexidade e Aquisição de Segunda Língua (1997) com a Aprendizagem Baseada em Tarefas propostanove anos antes por Willis, J. e Willis, D. (1988). Esta dissertação de mestrado concluiu que o ciclo da tarefa pode ser caracterizado como um sistema adaptativo complexo, uma vez que satisfaz suas regras de baixo nível, já que se trata de um sistema que é dinâmico, complexo, não linear, caótico, imprevisível, sensível às condições iniciais, aberto, auto-organizável, sensível ao feedback e adaptável.
In 1997, the linguist Diane Larsen-Freeman published a disturbing article called “Chaos/Complexity Science and Second Language Acquisition”(LARSENFREEMAN, 1997). In this article, the author states that there are many similarities between the new science of chaos/complexity and second language acquisition. Faced with the reflections, which give rise to such ideas, one intends to analyse the structure and theory of Task Based Learning under the light of the Chaos/Complexity Theory. According to Willis, J. (1996), this communicative approach presents itself with six stages, namely: pre-task, task, planning, report, analyses and practice. As part of a so vast research area, one intends to relate the Chaos/Complexity Theory with the task cycle – task, planning and report – formulated by Willis, J. (1996). According to Larsen-Freeman and Cameron (2008), a complexity approach does not translate into a complexity method for teaching language. This work aims to approximate the seminal article by Diane Larsen-Freeman about the Chaos/Complexity Theory and Second Language Acquisition (1997) with Task Based Learning proposed nine years before by Willis, J. and Willis, D. (1988).To sum up, this dissertation aims to show that the task cycle may be characterized as a complex adaptive system, once it complies with the rules of such systems, that is, dynamic, complex, nonlinear, chaotic, unpredictable, sensitive to the initial conditions, open, self-organizing, feedback sensitive and adaptive.
Costa, Tiago Alves. "Novas finanças: um estudo sobre a fragilidade da hipótese de mercados eficientes." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1268.
Full textThe finance science, as all sciences, shows an evolutionary line and according to Kuhn (1970), it is marked by shortly periods of knowledge accumulation. However, according to the author, such periods are inserted with scientific revolutions. In other words, the scientific evolution is stamped by revolutions which abandon oldfashioned paradigm and create new ones. The revolution is followed by a period where the researches are guided by the new paradigm and its purpose is strengthen the own paradigm. In other way, the finance science has today a central paradigm well-known by efficiency market hyperlink (EMH) which was witnessed and adopted by the entire scientific community around the 70 s. And since those times, almost entire research done in finance, mainly until the de 90 s, was leaded and done to validate the EMH. This dissertation attempted to evidence that the finance evolutionary line proposed by Haugen (2000) follows the same principle evidenced by Kuhn (1970), and in the present-day, the EMH find itself in a period which precede the scientific revolution which is called by time crisis by Kuhn (1970). This time crisis could weaken the EMH and open a space to create a new paradigm. This way, the proposal of dissertation is to prove how the revolutionary process will happen in finance too, soon after, to prove what would the candidates more inclined to replace the EMH be as a central paradigm in finance. To do so, this work considered only two candidates: the behavioral finance and the chaos theory. To do this analyze it was used the schooling principles nominated by Mckinley, Mone and Moon (2002). Such authors propose that a thought must display a combination of novelty, continuity, and scope to achieve school status in organizational theory. The purpose of this dissertation is to do a theory ransom which intends to show the fragility of the EMH as a central paradigm that orients the finance researches. The dissertation concludes that the current finance faces a crisis, and in this period, the behavioral finance displays the biggest chance to replace the EMH in the near future, however, the chaos theory provides the bigger promise considering a far future
A ciência das finanças, como toda ciência, apresenta uma linha evolutiva que de acordo com Kuhn (1970) é marcada por períodos de breve acumulação de conhecimento. Porém, de acordo com o autor, tais períodos são intercalados com revoluções científicas. Em outras palavras, a evolução científica é marcada por revoluções que abandonam antigos paradigmas e criam novos. Posteriormente à revolução, segue se um período onde as pesquisas são guiadas pelo novo paradigma com o propósito de fortalecer o próprio paradigma. De outra forma, a ciência financeira possui hoje um paradigma central conhecido como a hipótese de mercados eficientes (HME) que foi reconhecida e adotada pela comunidade científica por volta da década de 70. E desde aquela época, quase toda pesquisa feita na área, principalmente até a década de 90, foi guiada, e feita para validar e fortalecer a própria HME. Nesse sentido, este trabalho procurou evidenciar que a linha evolucionária das finanças proposta por Haugen (2000) segue o mesmo princípio evidenciado por Kuhn (1970), e que no momento atual, a HME encontra-se em um período que antecede a revolução científica e que é chamado de período de crise por Kuhn (1970). Esse período de crise, que antecede as revoluções, poderia enfraquecer a HME e abrir espaço para a criação de um novo paradigma. Sendo assim, o trabalho também propõe a evidenciar como que o processo de revolução poderá acontecer em finanças, e em seguida, também propõe quais seriam os candidatos mais propensos a substituir a HME como paradigma central em finanças. Para tanto, o trabalho considerou apenas dois candidatos: as finanças comportamentais e a teoria do caos. Para fazer tal análise, foram utilizados os princípios de escolarização propostos por Mckinley, Mone e Moon (2002). Tais autores propõem que um pensamento tem que possuir três características (novidade, continuidade e escopo) para ser considerado uma escola em teoria organizacional. O propósito do trabalho é de um resgate teórico básico que procura evidenciar a fragilidade da HME enquanto paradigma principal norteador das pesquisas em finanças. Assim sendo, o trabalho conclui que as finanças atuais enfrentam uma crise, e que nesse período, as finanças comportamentais apresentam a maior chance de substituir a HME em um futuro próximo, porém, a teoria do caos fornece uma promessa maior considerando um futuro mais distante
Cisneros, Trujillo Grace Milagros, and Hernandez Luis Eduardo Juarez. "La metáfora del fractal en la gestión empresarial. Nuevos enfoques de gestión de organizaciones como sistemas sociales complejos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653245.
Full textThis research initially presents the theory of complexity as a basis of understanding of complex adaptive systems, and the application of some variants of this theory such as fractal theory, in the field of strategic management in organizations. To achieve a better understanding of these approaches, the study has been divided into two stages: 1) Development and evolution of chaos and complexity in administration; 2) The Paradigm of dynamicity and application of the fractal approach in the field of business management and its study. The constant development of science and technology applied to the management and paradigm shifts presented throughout its evolution from the industrial revolution to the age of knowledge has led to the application of various scientific theories whose initial application was far from focusing on business management and which, however, has contributed to a better understanding of it. This is the case of the theory of fractality whose origin in abstract sciences resulting from the transition from classical geometry to fractal geometry. The contribution of the theory of complexity to facilitate the understanding of organizational phenomena will be shown; translating its application in the development of figures such as the “fractal factory- fractal organization” to support the debates of the science and technology of administration or its use as support for the design and construction of systems, subsystems, models, methods and procedures. It shows the evolution of the main theoretical contributions regarding the theory complexity, its bases or definitions, principles and applications and, finally, behavior as complex systems exposed in organizations.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional
Luengo, García David. "Estimación óptima de secuencias caóticas con aplicación en comunicaciones." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10663.
Full textThis Thesis studies the optimal estimation of chaoticsignals generated iterating unidimensional maps and contaminated by additive white Gaussian noise, from the point of view of the two most common frameworks in statistical inference: maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian. Due to the high computational cost of optimum estimators, several suboptimal but computationally efficient estimators are proposed, which attain a similar performance as the optimum ones. Additionally, the estimation of the parameters of a chaotic map is analyzed, exploiting the known relation between consecutive samples of the chaotic sequence. Finally, we consider the application of the estimators developed in the design of receivers for two different schemes of chaotic communications: chaotic switching and symbolic or chaotic coding.
Sterkhova, Anna. "Modelling of Pulse Propagation in Nonlinear Photonic Structures." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234225.
Full textSilva, Marciali Gonçalves Fonseca. "Variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca nos domínios do tempo, freqüência e caos em recém-nascidos prematuros pré-extubação." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2011. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/111.
Full textThe prematurity with their comorbidities can result in a long period of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. A method for the diagnostic assessment of organic maturity would be useful for this population. The heart rate variability (HRV), as an indicator of homeostasis, presents this profile. Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the HRV in neonates intubated in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) of Hospital de Base before extubation. Casuistic and Method: A total of 44 neonates, 16(36.4%) males and 28(63.6%) females, in neonatal ICU at Hospital de Base (HB) of São José do Rio Preto were prospectively studied. HRV was evaluated in time, frequency and chaos by recording of electrocardiographic times series with the aid of a Polar RS800. The results obtained in this study group (RNP2) were compared with samples previously studied of preterm neonates of neonatal ICU of Curitiba (RNP1) and term neonates of HB (RNT). Results: There was no significant difference among clinical findings of neonates with and without of extubation failure. The results of 47 records of HRV revealed in time a significant difference among the groups RNT x RNP1 for mean RR intervals (MeanRR) (p < 0.0001), RMSSD (p < 0.0001), and PNN50 (p = 0.0012); SD1 e SD2 (p < 0,0001) and SD1/SD2 rate (p = 0,0448); RNT x RNP2 for MeanRR (p < 0.0001) and RMSSD (p = 0.0034); SD1 (p = 0,0036) e SD2 (p = 0,0002) among RNP1 x RNP2 for MeanRR (p = 0.0016) and SD1/SD2 rate (p = 0,0443). In the frequency, significant differences were found among RNT x RNP1 for LF ms2, HF ms2, total ms2 (p < 0.0001 in all these measurements), LF/HF ratio (p = 0.0031); RNT x RNP2 for LF ms2 (p < 0.0001), HF ms2 (p = 0.0048), total ms2 (p < 0.0001), and among RNP1 x RNP2 for LF/HF ratio (p < 0.0017). In chaos, there was significant difference among RNT x RNP1 for mean line length (Lmean), recurrence rate (RecRate), Shannon's entropy (p < 0.0001 in all these measurements), and determinism rate (DET) (p = 0.004); RNP1 x RNP2 the difference was significant for Lmean (p = 0.0188), RecRate (p = 0.029), DET (p = 0.0472), and Shannon's entropy (p = 0.0205). Conclusions: In time, frequency, and chaos, HRV was not considered as predictive value to extubation failure, but in intubated neonates this methodology present potential of clinical application. Neonates with good clinical conditions and greater development of autonomic nervous system show largest HRV, mainly in the chaos domain, indicating greater homeostatic balance similar to the pattern of term neonates.
A prematuridade com suas comorbidades pode resultar em permanência dos recém-nascidos (RN) em ventilação mecânica na UTI. Um método de avaliação diagnóstica da maturidade orgânica seria de grande utilidade para essa população. A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) por ser um indicador da homeostase encaixa-se nesse perfil. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a VFC em RN prematuros intubados na UTI Neonatal do Hospital de Base (HB) antes da extubação. Casuística e Método: Foram estudados prospectivamente 44 RN prematuros, sendo 16 (36,4%) do sexo masculino, internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) Neonatal do HB de São José do Rio Preto. A metodologia consistiu na avaliação da VFC nos domínios do tempo, frequência e caos, utilizando-se registro das séries temporais eletrocardiográficas com auxílio do equipamento Polar RS800. Os resultados obtidos nesse grupo de estudo (RNP2) foram comparados a amostras previamente estudadas de RN prematuros da UTI Neonatal de Curitiba (RNP1) e RN de termo do HB (RNT). Resultados: Na comparação entre achados clínicos de RN com e sem falha de extubação e também com relação aos índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca não houve diferença significativa. Os resultados obtidos de 47 registros da VFC mostraram no domínio do tempo diferença significativa entre RNT x RNP1 para intervalos RR médios (MeanRR) (p < 0,0001), RMSSD (p < 0,0001) e PNN50 (p = 0,0012) e SD1 e SD2 (p < 0,0001) e relação SD1/SD2 (p = 0,0448); entre RNT x RNP2 para MeanRR (p < 0,0001) e RMSSD (p = 0,0034); SD1 (p = 0,0036) e SD2 (p = 0,0002) entre RNP1 x RNP2 para MeanRR (p = 0,0016) e relação SD1/SD2 (p = 0,0443). No domínio da frequência diferenças significativas foram obtidas entre RNT x RNP1 para LF ms2, HF ms2, total ms2 (p < 0,0001 em todas essas medidas), relação LF/HF (p = 0,0031) entre RNT x RNP2 para LF ms2 (p < 0,0001), HF ms2 (p = 0,0048), total ms2 (p < 0,0001), e entre RNP1 x RNP2 para relação LF/HF (p < 0,0017). No domínio do caos houve diferença significativa entre RNT x RNP1 para comprimento médio da linha diagonal (Lmean), taxa de recorrência (RecRate), entropia de Shannon, (p < 0,0001 em todas essas medidas) e taxa de determinismo (DET) (p = 0,004); entre RNP1 x RNP2 a diferença foi significativa para Lmean (p = 0,0188), RecRate (p = 0,029), DET (p = 0,0472) e entropia de Shannon (p = 0,0205). Conclusões: A VFC nos domínios do tempo, frequência e caos não se caracterizou como preditivo de falha de extubação, mas em prematuros intubados é uma metodologia com potencial de aplicação clínica e diagnóstica. Prematuros, quando estabilizados e com maior desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso autônomo, apresentam melhor VFC, principalmente no domínio do caos, mostrando maior equilíbrio homeostático se aproximando do padrão do RN de termo.
Selig, Fábio Augusto. "Avaliação da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca nos domínios do tempo, da freqüência e do caos em recém-nascidos prematuros." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2010. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/130.
Full textThe role of Autonomic Nervous System and its components sympathic and parassympathic in the regulation of the interaction between different parts of human body has been exhaustibly discussed in scientific literature. These studies demonstrated the applicability of the Chaos Theory in different situations, diseases and ages. Objective: Apply the concepts of nonlinear dynamics and Chaos Theory to evaluate premature newborns (PT), analyzing their heart rate variability (HRV) and comparing them with healthy term newborns (TN). Methods: By using a Polar Advanced S810, 59 PT born with different gestational ages had their HRV obtained and analyzed in time (SDNN, RMSSD, SD1/SD2), frequency (VLF, LF, HF and LF/HF) and chaos domain (TAU, Lyapunov Exponent, Entropy and Hurst Exponent) variables. The premature were compared to 78 healthy term newborns. The comparison were made applying Kruskal-Wallis statistic method and their graphic demonstration made by using Box-plots. Results: All time, frequency and chaos domain variables demonstrated statistic difference comparing term and preterm newborns except Hurst Exponent. Conclusion: Preterm newborn follow the rules of chaos theory and have more linear behavior when compared with term newborn.
: Vários trabalhos publicados nos últimos anos demonstram a importância do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo por meio dos componentes Simpático e Parassimpático na gerência da interação entre as diferentes partes do todo, fornecendo padrão caótico ao organismo humano. Estes estudos aplicaram a Teoria do Caos em diferentes situações, doenças e faixas etárias. Objetivo: Aplicar os conhecimentos da Teoria do Caos e da dinâmica não-linear na avaliação de recém-natos prematuros (PT), analisando sua Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) e comparando-os com recém-natos de termo (RNT) saudáveis. Casuística e Método: 59 recém-natos prematuros com diferentes idades gestacionais tiveram seus batimentos cardíacos captados com auxílio do equipamento Polar Advanced S810 e sua VFC obtida pelo registro dos intervalos RR. A VFC foi analisada nos Domínios do Tempo (SDNN, RMSSD, SD1/SD2), da Frequência (VLF, LF, HF e a relação LF/HF) e do Caos (TAU e sua normalização [TAU(n]], Expoente de Lyapunov, Entropia e o expoente de Hurst). Os recém-natos prematuros foram comparados com um grupo de 78 recém-natos de termo saudáveis e sem intercorrências perinatais. O teste estatístico utilizado para comparação entre os grupos foi o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis com comparações múltiplas e sua demonstração gráfica feita com auxílio do gráfico tipo Box-plots. Resultados: Detectou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para todas as variáveis estudadas (nos domínios do tempo, da frequência e do caos) sendo única exceção o Expoente de Hurst. Conclusão: Recém-natos prematuros obedecem às regras da Teoria do Caos e tendem a ter comportamento menos complexo, ou seja, mais linear, quando comparados com recém-natos de termo.
Corrêa, Paulo Rogério. "Variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca no domínio do caos como preditora de infecções pulmonares em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2006. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/232.
Full textHeart Rate Variability (HRV) is the most frequently used non-invasive diagnostic method for evaluating the heart autonomic control. Taking into consideration that the autonomous nervous system modulates, in an important way, the cardiovascular function, any alteration in the autonomous cardiovascular function constitutes cause and/or coadjuvant condition for numerous diseases. Recent studies have shown that through the heart frequency variability, by evaluating it within time, frequency and chaos domain, the human organisms, generally speaking, show a behavior of nonlinear complex systems, thus following the laws of Chaos Theory. The HRV analysis, by other nonlinear dynamic methods in the myocardial revascularization surgery pre-operation period, could predict more morbidity in the post-operation period, for example, lung infections. Objective: Evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) behavior in the chaos domain (nonlinear dynamic) in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization and its relationship to lung infections occurrences in postoperative stay. Casuistic and Method: 72 non-selected patients were studied (age range from 58.4±10.2 years old) with coronary artery disease and having elective surgery indication for myocardial revascularization. In order to quantify the HRV in the chaos domain, the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA total) variables, their short-term (α1) and long-term (α2) correlations, Approximate Entropy (-ApEn), Lyapunov Exponent (LE), self-correlation (Tau), Normalized Tau (nT) and Hurst Exponent (HE) were measured in temporal series of 1.000 RR intervals of electrocardiogram recorded on the day before the operation, with Polar S810i equipment. Results: The cut-off levels were determined with help from ROC curve being for DFA total, α1, α2, Approximate Entropy, Lyapunov Exponent, Tau, Normalized Tau and Hurst Exponent, respectively: 1.036917, 0.727273, 0.906397, 0.480176, 0.832, 28.23143, 11.312504, and 0.210447. In the Chaos Domain, the DFA total, Normalized Tau , Approximate Entropy and Lyapunov Exponent in the pre-operation period, were associated with the lung infection occurrences in the postoperative period with P =0.0309, P=0.0232, P= 0.0307 and P= 0.0006, respectively. In conclusion, the nonlinear dynamic methods, in their respective cut-off levels, allowed differentiating the cases that evolved into lung infection in the postoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization.
A Variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (HRV Heart Rate Variability ) é o método diagnóstico não invasivo mais freqüentemente usado na avaliação do controle autonômico do coração. Considerando que o sistema nervoso autônomo modula, de maneira importante, a função cardiovascular, as alterações na função autonômica cardiovascular constituem causa e/ou condição coadjuvante de numerosas doenças. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que pela análise da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca, avaliando-a nos domínios do tempo, da freqüência e do caos, os organismos humanos, de forma geral, comportam-se como sistemas complexos não-lineares, obedecendo-se, assim, às leis da Teoria do Caos. A análise da HRV por outros métodos de dinâmica não linear no período pré-operatório da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio poderia ser preditora de maior morbidade no pós-operatório, como por exemplo, infecções pulmonares. Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (HRV) no domínio do caos (dinâmica não-linear) no período pré-operatório da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio e sua relação com a ocorrência de infecções pulmonares no período pós-operatório hospitalar. Casuística e Método: Foram estudados 72 pacientes não-selecionados (média de idade de 58,4±10,2 anos) com doença arterial coronária e indicação eletiva de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Para quantificar a dinâmica da HRV no domínio do caos foram medidas as variáveis, Análise das Flutuações Depuradas de Tendências (DFA total), seus componentes de curto (α1) e longo (α2) prazos, Entropia Aproximada (-ApEn), Expoente de Lyapunov (LE), Autocorrelação (Tau), Tau normalizado e Expoente de Hurst (HE) em séries temporais de 1.000 intervalos RR do eletrocardiograma captados na véspera da operação, com equipamento Polar S810i. Resultados: Os respectivos valores de corte determinados com auxílio da curva ROC foram para: DFA total, α1, α2, Entropia aproximada, Expoente de Lyapunov, Tau, Tau normalizado e HE respectivamente: 1, 036917, 0, 727273, 0, 906397, 0, 480176, 0, 832, 28, 23143, 11, 312504, 0,210447. No domínio do caos, a DFA total, Tau normalizado, Entropia Aproximada e Expoente Lyapunov no período pré-operatório, se associaram com a ocorrência de infecções pulmonares no pós-operatório de revascularização do miocárdio com P =0, 0309, P=0, 0232, P= 0,0307 e P= 0,0006 respectivamente. Em conclusão, os métodos de dinâmica não-linear, nos seus respectivos níveis de corte, permitiram diferenciar os casos que evoluíram com infecção pulmonar no período pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio.
Pereira, Marcelo Alves. "Dilema do prisioneiro evolucionário Darwiniano e Pavloviano no autômato celular unidimensional: uma nova representação e exploração exaustiva do espaço de parâmetros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-12052008-122340/.
Full textThe Prisoner Dilemma (PD) is the most prominent game of the Game Theory due to emergency of the cooperation between selfish players. The behavior of each player depends on his/her strategy and the payoff, which is determined in function of the PD parameters (T, R, P and S) and by the number z of neighbors with whom he/she plays. Therefore, the spatial structure of the players does not matter. In our work, we have used a one-dimensional cellular automaton where each player can cooperate or defect when interacting, symmetrically, with his/her z nearest neighbors. The considered system allowed us to carry out an exhaustive exploration of the parameters space for the Darwinian Evolutionary Strategy (EED) and Pavlovian (EEP) and compares them. One-dimensional geometry makes possible to us get the same results of the systems in arbitrary d dimensional networks, besides, it presents some advantages. For the system that we proposed compared to the others dimensional networks, the boundary effects are less present, it needs less time for run the numerical simulations, it allows to vary the z value and is easier to get the visual representation of the system temporal evolution. Such visualization simplifies the understanding of the interactions between the players, therefore patterns appear in the clusters of cooperator/defectors, and these patterns belong to the elementary cellular automata classes. The study of these patterns allows them to understand in an easy way the emergence of the cooperation or defection in the systems. The temporal evolution of the system that adopts the EED yields a very rich phases diagram with the presence of cooperative, defective and chaotic phases. By the other hand, for the EEP, we have got a new analytical result for the phase transitions that in this case are: quasi-regular and cooperative. The exhaustive exploration study determines the regions on the parameters space where happen each phases occurs, and the effect of the self-interaction and thus validate the theoretical results. The study of the particular case T = 1, traditionally considered as trivial one, showed that it presents unusual behaviors, that we will present. Our main contribution for the study of the DP is the attainment of a new paradigm. One-dimensional geometry with interaction of symmetrical neighbors allowed to visualizes the evolution of cooperators and defectors patterns, the analytical result for Tc for the EEP and the study of T = 1 for such systems.
Miranda, Débora Rodrigues de. "Levantado do chão: o romance e a crônica em hibridização." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14920.
Full textThis study aims to elucidate how the chroniclistic text play its role in the novel Risen from the Ground by José Saramago. A hybrid kind of novel, it presents the historical course of the Portuguese people by means of saga, myth and orality traits found in the histories of poor peasants from the Alentejan great landed states. To create Fiction as History, the novel s narrator records the ordinary dealings of the Bad-Weather family a forerunner of effective Portuguese mentality changes along three generations. By following the characters trajectory it is possible to make sense of the novelistic universe composed of small passages that give the significance of the whole work. With this study, we hope to contribute not only to studies on Saramago s chronicles, but also to researches focused on literary works with historical content, and on the understanding of novel as a literary genre
O presente estudo tem por objetivo elucidar o modo como o texto cronístico participa na estrutura do romance Levantado do Chão, de José Saramago. Romance de caráter híbrido, apresenta o percurso histórico do povo português por meio da saga, do mito e dos traços de oralidade presentes nas histórias dos homens simples do latifúndio alentejano. Para criar a Ficção como História, o narrador do romance registra o dia a dia da família Mau-Tempo precursora de efetivas mudanças da mentalidade portuguesa ao longo de três gerações. Acompanhando-se o percurso das personagens, é possível apreender o universo romanesco formado por pequenas passagens que garantem toda a significação da obra. Por meio desse trabalho, espera-se contribuir não só com os estudos sobre as crônicas saramaguianas, mas também com as pesquisas voltadas às produções literárias de teor histórico e a compreensão do gênero romanesco