Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tephritid'
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Asadi, Romisa. "Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72611/.
Full textWalker, Matthew. "The relative roles of resources and natural enemies in determining insect abundance." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342226.
Full textGreen, Philip Richard Stephen. "Patterns of movement and parasitism in Tephritid fly-parasitoid systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243943.
Full textAlbrectsen, Benedicte Riber. "The dynamics of a tephritid seed predator on Tripolium vulgare in a stochastic and heterogeneous environment /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5890-0.pdf.
Full textStraw, N. A. "Resource limitation and competition in two tephritid flies attacking the flowerheads of lesser burdock (Arctium minus)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384516.
Full textCarsten, Conner Laura Diane. "The Role of Context in Investment into Reproductive Tissue and Implications for Mating." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195403.
Full textRohrig, Eric A. "A floral derived attractant for the tephritid fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014140.
Full textMüller, Fernanda Appel. "Microbiota intestinal de larvas e adultos de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae): diversidade e efeito do alimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-17122013-084339/.
Full textThe microorganisms present in the insect gut can play important roles in the biology of their hosts such as nutrition, detoxification of compounds defenses of plants, preventing infection by pathogens and production of important semiochemicals in insect interactions. The first step to understanding the functions of the gut microbiota in insect biology is the identification of these communities. In this work, the diversity of gut bacteria in larvae and adult South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) , were determined by methods based on the cultivation or not . The method based on the cultivation was used to study the microbial diversity of laboratory population maintained in papaya fruits, evaluating the diversity present in the gut of larvae and in two distinct regions of the intestine of adults, the crop and midgut + hindgut. The analysis of metagenomic libraries for evaluation of 16S rDNA was applied to the study of the diversity of the microbiota associated with fruit flies from different hosts (guabiroba , medlar , apple, papaya and pitanga). The analysis by cultivation allowed the identification of 25 phylotypes associated with the gut of larvae and adults, larvae diversity being quite different from that of adults. The phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were represented by 10 families, Enterobacteriaceae being the most abundant. Filotipo near Enterobacteriacea Cedecea davisae strains was the only one to occur in the gut of larvae and adult chat and intestine. The metagenomic analysis of insects obtained in different fruit hosts extended to the diversity previously identified phyla Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus, Elusimicrobia, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia. Again, Proteobacteria stood out as the most diverse. This study showed that the microbial community associated with the intestine of A. fraterculus is entirely influenced by host fruit used are rare phylotypes shared by insects in different fruits. The composition of the gut microbiota in adults is far less diverse than the larvae, irrespective of the fruit used. But several phylotypes, such as those near Acinetobacter bereziniae, Cedecea davisae strains, Comamonas koreensis, Enterobacter asburiae, Empedobacter brevis and Hydrogenophilus hirschii, besides the intracellular parasite Wolbachia pipientis, remained attached to the gut of larvae and adults of A. fraterculus, even after metamorphosis. The analysis of bacterial communities of A. fraterculus suggests that variations in their structures are related to the food substrate used by the insect.
Marsden, Craig H. "The functional significance of fruit exocarp on host selection and oviposition by Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Tephritidae: Diptera)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/76107/2/Craig_Marsden_Thesis.pdf.
Full textMuhmed, Aead M. Abdelnabi. "The role of learning in the ecology of Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Fullaway) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae), and implications for tephritid pest management." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/116351/1/Aead%20M%20Abdelnabi_Muhmed_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAnt, Thomas. "Genetic control of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:43f97545-f631-43cc-991c-7edb6dd71d2d.
Full textMerkel, Katharina [Verfasser], Thomas S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmeister, and Gøsta S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nachman. "Patch exploitation behaviour of the tephritid parasitoid Fopius arisanus: a candidate for the biological control of mango flies / Katharina Merkel. Gutachter: Thomas S. Hoffmeister ; Gøsta S. Nachman. Betreuer: Thomas S. Hoffmeister." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072226170/34.
Full textEsterhuizen, Nanike. "Effects of thermal history on temperature-dependent flight performance in insects : Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a model organism." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95466.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Understanding the impact of environmental factors on locomotor performance and flight energetics is of fundamental importance to understanding evolution and ecology. Increased performance that leads to increased dispersal ability can result in increased migration distance to reach optimal habitats, increased gene flow between populations and an overall contribution to the survival of individuals as well as the structuring of species‟ geographic range sizes. The temperature-dependent nature of insects, in conjunction with predicted climate change and shifting optimal climatic ranges, could have important ecological and economic consequences such as increased invasion by alien and pest species. In this study, the influence of thermal history on temperature-dependent flight performance was investigated in a notorious invasive agricultural pest, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Flies were exposed to one of four developmental acclimation temperatures (Tacc: 15, 20, 25, 30°C) during their pupal stage and tested at random at either of those temperatures (Ttest) as adults in a full-factorial experimental design. Major factors influencing flight performance included sex, body mass, Ttest and the interaction between Ttest and Tacc. Performance increased with increasing Ttest across all acclimation groups, e.g. at 15°C only 10% of all flies had successful flight, whereas at 30°C the success rate was 76.5%. Even though Tacc alone did not affect flight performance, it did have an effect in combination with Ttest. The negative interaction term Ttest x Tacc, in combination with a multiple comparison between Tacc groups at each Ttest, indicated that flies acclimated to 15°C and 20°C performed better than those acclimated to 25°C and 30°C when tested at cold temperatures. This provides partial support for the "colder is better‟ hypothesis. To explain these results, several key, flight-related traits were examined to determine if Tacc influenced flight performance as a consequence of changes in body or wing morphology, whole-animal metabolic rate or cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity. Although significant effects of Tacc could be detected in several of the traits examined, with emphasis on sex-related differences, increased flight performance could not be explained solely on the basis of changes in any one of these traits. To illustrate the potential applied value of this study, the main flight performance outcomes were also coupled with a degree-day (thermal development) model to determine if knowledge of flight ability could improve predicted population dynamics. The results and insights obtained from this study are broadly applicable to a variety of insect species and demonstrate that, by recognising the impact of environmental factors on locomotor performance and flight energetics, an increased understanding of the functioning, biology and evolution of flight-capable arthropods can be obtained.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Groter begrip van die impak van omgewingsfaktore op bewegingsprestasie en vlug-energetika is van fundamentele belang vir die verstaan van evolusie en ekologie. Verhoogde bewegingsprestasie wat lei tot verbeterde verspreidingsvermoë kan 'n toename in migrasieafstand om optimale habitat te bereik, verhoogde genevloei tussen populasies en ʼn algehele bydrae tot die oorlewing van individue sowel as die strukturering van spesies se geografiese gebiedsgroottes tot gevolg hê. Die temperatuurafhanklike aard van insekte, tesame met voorspelde klimaatsverandering en die verskuiwing van optimale klimaatsones, kan belangrike ekologiese en ekonomiese gevolge, soos verhoogde indringing deur uitheemse en pes-spesies, inhou. Die invloed van termiese geskiedenis op die temperatuurafhanklike vlugprestasie van 'n berugte indringer-landboupes, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), word in hierdie studie ondersoek. Vlieë is blootgestel aan een van vier akklimasie-temperature (Tacc: 15, 20, 25, 30°C) tydens hul papiestadium en is op ewekansige wyse in 'n vol-faktoriale eksperimentele ontwerp by een van dieselfde toetstemperature (Ttest) as volwassenes getoets. Belangrike faktore wat vlugprestasie beïnvloed het, sluit geslag, liggaamsmassa, Ttest en die interaksie tussen Ttest en Tacc in. Prestasie het verbeter met toenemende Ttest oor al die akklimasiegroepe, bv. by 15°C het net 10% van alle vlieë suksesvol gevlieg, terwyl die sukseskoers by 30°C, 76,5% was. Selfs al het Tacc alleen nie die vlugprestasie beïnvloed nie, het dit 'n effek in kombinasie met Ttest gehad. Die negatiewe interaksie term Ttest x Tacc, in samewerking met 'n meervoudige vergelyking tussen Tacc groepe by elke Ttest, het aangedui dat vlieë wat by 15°C en 20°C geakkimeer was, beter presteer het as dié wat by 25°C en 30°C geakklimeer was wanneer hulle by koue temperature getoets was. Dit bied gedeeltelike ondersteuning vir die "kouer is beter" hipotese. Om hierdie resultate te verklaar, is 'n paar sleutel vlugverwante eienskappe ondersoek om te bepaal of Tacc vlugprestasie a.g.v. veranderinge in die liggaam- of vlerkmorfologie, die hele-dier metaboliesetempo of sitochroom-c oksidase (CCO) aktiwiteit beïnvloed. Alhoewel beduidende effekte van Tacc op verskeie van hierdie eienskappe, veral wat geslagsverwante verskille betref, opgemerk is, kan verhoogde vlugprestasie nie uitsluitlik op grond van veranderinge in enige een van die eienskappe verduidelik word nie. Om die potensiële toepassingswaarde van hierdie studie te illustreer, is die hoof vlugprestasie uitkomste gekoppel aan 'n “degree-day” (termiese ontwikkeling)-model om te bepaal of kennis van vlugvermoë voorspellings van bevolkingsdinamika kan verbeter. Hierdie studie se resultate en insigte is oor die algemeen van toepassing op 'n verskeidenheid insek-spesies en toon dat erkenning van die invloed van omgewingsfaktore op bewegingsprestasie en vlug-energetika kan lei tot groter begrip van die funksionering, biologie en evolusie van geleedpotiges.
Bertin, Sabrina. "Sperm use in Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (diptera : tephritidae)." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T019.
Full textLima, André Luís Andrade. "Evolução molecular, análise multilocus e diferenciação entre espécies do grupo fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5496.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The Tephritidae includes approximately 4500 species described to date and many of these species make up the main genera of economic importance: Anastrepha, Bactrocera and Ceratitis. The genus Anastrepha is among the Tephritidae with greatest diversity in the Americas including 230 described species, among which some species with great economic importance because they represent important fruit pests. There is evidence that species in the fraterculus group have diverged recently, even having some cryptic species. Because of this, species in the fraterculus group are a great system for evolutionary studies. For evolutionary studies, it is necessary to evaluate the rates of molecular evolution and their role in identifying rates of gene flow and population differentiation, the construction of tree species and a possible separation for the species. Seeking a better understanding of the fraterculus group, we chose three species of this group, Anastrepha obliqua, A. fraterculus and A. sororcula as models for this study and five genes isolated from a cDNA library of reproductive tissues of Anastrepha. Several genes that are expressed in reproductive tissues have a higher divergence rate THAN those expressed in non-reproductive tissues, may thus give evidence of reproductive isolation. In this work, we found evidence of positive diversifying and positive selection for a couple of genes (CG11912 and CG10031), and high levels of polymorphism, although they failed to meet statistical significance for positive selection, in other genes here studied, such as ,Lcp65Ac and CG16712, whereas Df31 was more conserved. An analysis of molecular variance found that levels of genetic polymorphism are best explained by differences between species THAN between geographic regions. Haplotype networks for each gene failed to differentiate the species here studied and showed high levels of shared polymorphism among the species, with some rare exceptions. On the other hand, a joint analysis of these data to try to infer a species tree indicate a strong cohesion for populations of A. obliqua from the Brazilian Northeast and Southeast while for A. fraterculus and A. sororcula we observed a substructure that separated Southeeast populations of A. sororcula, which was well defined, from Northeast populations, which may be hybridizing with populations of A. fraterculus from the Northeast, due to great number of shared polymorphisms. Other THAN populations in the Brazilian northeast, A. fraterculus also forms a separate, though short, lineage. Considering these findings, a broader sampling is needed, especially in areas not yet collected particularly in the Northeast, seeking to untangle the phylogenetic relationships not only among these species, but also other species of the fraterculus group.
Os Tephritidae incluem aproximadamente 4500 espécies já descritas e muitas destas espécies compõem os principais gêneros de importância econômica: Anastrepha, Bactrocera e Ceratitis. O gênero Anastrepha é, entre Tephritidae, o que possui maior diversidade nas Américas incluindo 230 espécies descritas, dentre as quais algumas espécies apresentam grande importância econômica por representarem importantes pestes da fruticultura. Há evidências de espécies que constituem o grupo fraterculus terem divergido há pouco tempo apresentando ainda algumas espécies crípticas. Devido a esta característica em particular, espécies do grupo fraterculus apresentam uma grande vantagem para estudos evolutivos. Para realizar estudos evolutivos torna-se necessário avaliar as taxas de evolução molecular bem como seu papel na identificação de taxas de fluxo gênico e diferenciação populacional, a construção de árvores de espécie e uma possível separação das espécies. Buscando um melhor entendimento do grupo fraterculus, escolhemos três espécies constituintes desse grupo, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha. fraterculus e Anastrepha. sororcula, como modelos para este estudo e cinco genes isolados de biblioteca de cDNA de tecidos reprodutivos de espécies de Anastrepha. Diversos genes que são expressos em tecidos reprodutivos apresentam uma taxa de divergência maior do que os expressos em tecidos não reprodutivos, podendo assim dar indícios de isolamento reprodutivo. Neste trabalho encontramos essas características em genes que indicam seleção positiva (CG11912 e CG10031), e os demais genes que embora não tenham apresentado significância estatística para serem considerados possuidores de seleção positiva, no entanto apresentam terem regiões potencialmente sob seleção positiva direcional para Df31 e Lcp65Ac e seleção positiva diversificadora para os genes Df31 e CG16712. Na análise de variância molecular encontramos que a diferenciação espacial é mais bem explicada pelas diferenças entre as espécies do que entre regiões geográficas. As redes haplotípicas e árvores de espécies indicam uma forte coesão entre as populações de A. obliqua do Nordeste e Sudeste indicando ausência de estruturação genética para esta espécie enquanto para A. fraterculus e A. sororcula foi encontrado uma sub estruturação que separa A. sororcula do Nordeste e A. sororcula do Sudeste, sendo que A. sororcula do nordeste pode estar hibridizando com A. fraterculus do Nordeste. As análises de migração encontraram migrações diferenciais para estas espécies, colocando A. obliqua mais isolada das demais e uma relação mais próxima entre A. fraterculus e A. sororcula. De frente aos resultados encontrados neste trabalho fica claro a necessidade de uma maior amostragem, principalmente em áreas ainda não coletadas entre as regiões amostradas na tentativa de buscar entender não apenas quais são as possíveis relações entre A. fraterculus e A. sororcula mas também entre outras espécies do grupo fraterculus.
Pereira, Veruska Lopes. "PADRÕES POPULACIONAIS DE MOSCAS FRUGÍVORAS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITOIDEA) EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA SEMIDECIDUA E EM UM POMAR COMERCIAL DA REGIÃO DE DOURADOS-MS, BRASIL." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA GRANDE DOURADOS, 2008. http://tede.ufgd.edu.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/273.
Full textPopulational patterns of frugivorous flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea) in a fragment of Semidecidual Forest and in an orchard in the Region of Dourados, MS, Brazil. The Fruit flies are important pests in the word wide horticulture. These pests cause significant losses in the production of fruits and are responsible for the limitation in the free traffic of fruits, because their presence induce quarantine restrictions by importer countries of fruit and vegetables. The extension of loses are directelly related to the abundance of frugivorous fly populations. By other hand, the populations of Tephritoids are influenced by the abiotic (temperature, relative air humidity and rainfall) and biotic factors (host fruit availably and natural enemies action). This survey was carried out in a fragment semidecidual forest (22º12 S e 54º55 W) and in a commercial mixed orchard (22º 13 S 54º 43 W). The aim of this paper is: 1) to compare the abundance and the species richness of fruit flies caught in McPhail traps instaled in the edge and in the middle of the native forest, in the edge and middle of the commercial orchard; 2) survey the population fluctuation of the most abundant species of fruit fly in both ecosystems, loocking for some relationship with the abiotic factors and with plant phenology. C. capitata was the most abundant species, representing more than 80% of the caught adults of fruit flies. From Anastrepha spp. were identified 292 females, belonging to 12 species, being A. sororcula the most abundant fly (50,68%). C. capitata and A. sororcula were dominant. There were no significant differences in the abundance of frugivorous flies caught in the edge or in the middle of the forest neither in the edge and middle of the commercial orchard. Although, there are significant difference in the species diversity. The traps installed in the edge of the forest shows higher diversity index (H = 2.12). By other hand, the traps installed in the middle of commercial orchard captured higher species richness but with lower diversity index ((H = 0.408). The climatic factors were not the only ones that interfered in the population fluctuation of Anastrepha spp. and C. capitata in the surveyed environments. There was no correlation among the population fluctuation of the Anastrepha species with and the phenological stages of the fruit trees. But C. capitata populations were positively correlated with the stages of flowering, green fruits, ripe fruits and vegetative stages. The results in this paper corroborate with the prediction that in the ecotone there are higher species richness and diversity that in the middle of each one of the confronting ecosystems
Padrões Populacionais de Moscas Frugívoras (Diptera: Tephritoidea) em um Fragmento de Floresta Semidecidua e em um pomar Comercial da Região de Dourados, MS, Brasil. As moscas-das-frutas são consideradas importantes pragas da fruticultura mundial. Causam perdas significativas à produção e limitam o livre transporte de frutas devido às restrições quarentenárias impostas pelos países importadores. A extensão dos prejuízos tem relação direta com a abundância dos tefritídeos, que, por sua vez, pode ser influenciada por fatores abióticos (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, do solo e precipitação pluviométrica) e bióticos (disponibilidade de hospedeiros e ação de inimigos naturais). O conhecimento da flutuação populacional de moscas-das-frutas é um requisito indispensável para o estabelecimento de um controle eficiente, pois permite viabilizar o planejamento de estratégias de manejo mais eficazes. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma mata (22º12 S e 54º55 W) e um pomar comercial (22º 13 S 54º 43 W). Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1) comparar a abundância e a composição de espécies de moscas-das-frutas capturadas em armadilhas McPhail instaladas na margem e no interior de uma mata, na margem e no interior de um pomar comercial, e 2) avaliar a flutuação populacional das espécies de moscas-das-frutas mais abundantes nos ecossistemas e relacioná-las com fatores abióticos e bióticos. C. capitata foi à espécie mais abundante representando 80% dos adultos capturados. De Anastrepha foram identificadas 292 fêmeas pertencentes a 12 espécies, sendo A. sororcula a mais abundante (50,68%). C. capitata e A. sororcula foram dominantes. Não houve diferença significativa na abundância de moscas frugívoras capturadas na margem e no interior da mata, nem na margem e interior do pomar comercial. No entanto, houve diferença significativa na diversidade de espécies, as armadilhas instaladas na margem da mata apresentaram maiores índice de diversidade (H = 2,12). Por outro lado, as armadilhas instaladas no interior do pomar comercial capturaram maior número de espécies, embora com índice (H = 0,408) menor. Os fatores climáticos não foram os únicos determinantes da flutuação populacional de Anastrepha e C. capitata nas áreas estudadas. Não houve correlação entre a flutuação populacional das espécies de Anastrepha com os estágios fenológicos das plantas. No entanto, C. capitata apresentou correlação positiva com os estágios de floração, frutos verdes, frutos maduros e com os estágios vegetativos. Os resultados deste trabalho corroboram com a premissa de que, no ecótone, há uma maior riqueza e diversidade de espécie que no centro de cada um dos ecossistemas confrontantes
Starkie, Melissa L. "Systematics and evolution of the Australian Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207990/8/Thesis_Starkie_2021.pdf.
Full textCosta, Simone Silva da. "Biodiversidade de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritoidea) e de seus parasitoides em diferentes microrregiões do estado de Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/275.
Full textFundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
O estado de Alagoas é constituído de 102 municípios divididos em três mesorregiões: Sertão, Agreste e Leste. Apresenta diversidade de espécies vegetais despertando maiores interesses em explorar a diversidade de insetos praga nesses habitats. Este trabalho foi conduzido em áreas localizadas em cinco municípios do estado de Alagoas: Palmeira dos Índios, Arapiraca, Maceió, Anadia e Junqueiro. Teve como objetivos identificar as espécies de moscas frugívoras, seus parasitoides e hospedeiros, como também a análise faunística das espécies obtidas. Para a obtenção das moscas foram instaladas armadilhas tipo McPhail® e realizada a coleta de frutos. Das coletas realizadas em armadilhas McPhail® foram examinadas 18.551 espécimes de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) e 31.863 fêmeas de Anastrepha, das quais foram identificadas 12 espécies. O município de Anadia foi o que apresentou maior riqueza de espécies e o de Junqueiro a menor. Quanto aos frutos, foi coletado aproximadamente 730 kg em todos os municípios, pertencentes a 14 famílias e à 25 espécies botânicas. Foram identificadas 7.224 fêmeas de Anastrepha, das quais foram identificadas oito espécies, 2.401 espécimes de C. capitata e seis espécies do gênero Neosilba. Das 13 espécies de tefritídeos capturadas em armadilhas oito emergiram das amostras de frutos: A. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1930), A.obliqua (Maquart, 1835), A. pickeli Lima 1939, A. serpentina (Wiedemann, 1830), A. sororcula Zucchi 1979, A. zenildae Zucchi 1939, Anastrepha sp. 1., e C. capitata. N. pendula (Bezzi, 1919) foi o lonqueídeo que infestou maior diversidade de frutos. A. pickeli infestou exclusivamente Manihot esculenta Crantz. Das espécies de moscas emergidas dos frutos, apenas A. antunesi Lima, 1938 não foi capturada em armadilhas. Foram identificadas três espécies de braconídeos, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911), Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958) e Utetes anastrephae (Viereck, 1913), além de exemplares do gênero Opius e das famílias Figitidae, Pteromalidae e Torymidae. Os maiores índices de parasitismo ocorreram em frutos menores, e com exceção dos frutos de mandioca, D. areolatus foi obtido em todas as frutíferas infestadas por pelo menos uma espécie de mosca frugívora. Este se constitui no primeiro registro das espécies A. alveata Stone, 1942; A. daciformis Bezzi, 1909, A. montei Lima, 1934, A. nascimentoi Zucchi, 1979 e Anastrepha sp (em prep.), além dos parasitoides da família Torymidae como parasitoide de mosca-das-frutas no estado de Alagoas.
Zart, Marcelo [UNESP]. "Bioecologia de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em videira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91339.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A espécie de mosca-das-frutas Anastrepha fraterculus é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura brasileira, porém, quando associada à cultura da videira, poucas informações estão disponíveis. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito da infestação artificial em diferentes cultivares e estádios fenológicos, a eficiência de atrativos alimentares para o monitoramento da praga e a flutuação populacional de adultos em diferentes cultivares na região da Serra Gaúcha, RS. No laboratório foi estudado o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de A. fraterculus em diferentes cultivares. Não ocorre desenvolvimento de A. fraterculus na cultivar ‘Niagara Rosada’. Na cultivar ‘Itália’ a espécie completa o desenvolvimento, mas a cultivar não é considerada um hospedeiro multiplicador da praga devido a baixa viabilidade larval. No que se refere à caracterização de danos, houve queda significativa de bagas nas cultivares ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Moscato Embrapa’ e ‘Isabel’ quando a infestação ocorreu na fase inicial de desenvolvimento do cacho (fase de grão ervilha). Na cultivar ‘Niagara Rosada’ não houve queda significativa e deformação das bagas e nem viabilidade no desenvolvimento larval. Atrativos alimentares foram testados em vinhedos e a formulação BioAnastrepha, à base de proteína hidrolisada, foi a mais eficaz. A flutuação populacional foi avaliada em áreas das cultivares ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Moscato Embrapa’, ‘Niagara Rosada’, ‘Itália’ (apenas 2005/06) e ‘Isabel’ (apenas safra 2006/07). Utilizou-se armadilhas McPhail contendo o atrativo BioAnastrepha a 5%. As maiores capturas de A. fraterculus foram observadas na cultivar ‘Moscato Embrapa’, com o pico populacional ocorrendo durante a fase de maturação de bagas.
The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is a major pest of Brazilian fruit trees. However, little information is available about it in association to grape. In this work it was evaluated the effect of artificial infestation in different cultivars and phenological stages, the efficacy of different food attractants for pest sampling and adult population fluctuation in different cultivars in southern Brazil. A. fraterculus postembryonic development was evaluated in different cultivars. A. fraterculus did not develop in ‘Niagara Rosada’ although it did in the ’Italia’ cultivar. However, this cultivar was not considered a multiplying host due to low larval viability of the pest. In relation to damage, there was significant berry injury in the cultivars ’Cabernet Sauvignon’, ’Moscato Embrapa’, and ’Isabel ’ when the infestation occurred in the initial stage of fruit development. The ‘Niagara Rosada’ berries did not present significant injury and malformation. The fruit fly larvae did not develop in this cultivar. Several food attractants were tested in vineyards and hydrolyzed protein (BioAnastrepha) was the most attractive. The population fluctuation was evaluated in several areas of ’Cabernet Sauvignon’, ’Moscato Embrapa’, ’Niagara Rosada’, ’Italia’ (only in 2005/06) and ’Isabel ’ (only in 2006/07) cultivars. McPhails traps with BioAnastrepha at 5% were used. Most of the flies were caught in ’Moscato Embrapa’ cultivar during berry ripening stage.
Zart, Marcelo. "Bioecologia de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em videira /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91339.
Full textAbstract: The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is a major pest of Brazilian fruit trees. However, little information is available about it in association to grape. In this work it was evaluated the effect of artificial infestation in different cultivars and phenological stages, the efficacy of different food attractants for pest sampling and adult population fluctuation in different cultivars in southern Brazil. A. fraterculus postembryonic development was evaluated in different cultivars. A. fraterculus did not develop in 'Niagara Rosada' although it did in the 'Italia' cultivar. However, this cultivar was not considered a multiplying host due to low larval viability of the pest. In relation to damage, there was significant berry injury in the cultivars 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa', and 'Isabel ' when the infestation occurred in the initial stage of fruit development. The 'Niagara Rosada' berries did not present significant injury and malformation. The fruit fly larvae did not develop in this cultivar. Several food attractants were tested in vineyards and hydrolyzed protein (BioAnastrepha) was the most attractive. The population fluctuation was evaluated in several areas of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa', 'Niagara Rosada', 'Italia' (only in 2005/06) and 'Isabel ' (only in 2006/07) cultivars. McPhails traps with BioAnastrepha at 5% were used. Most of the flies were caught in 'Moscato Embrapa' cultivar during berry ripening stage.
Orientador: Odair Aparecido Fernandes
Coorientador: Marcos Botton
Banca: Sergio Antonio de Bortoli
Banca: Adalton Raga
Mestre
Ayres, Alvaro Remigio. "Moscas-das-frutas Diptera: Tephritidae na região nordeste do Pará." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/179.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a group of phytophagous insects with species that can take a pest status in a wide variety of fruit. Brazilian studies have been taken towards a range in biodiversity, population dynamics and interactions with hosts and parasitoids in different regions. However, in Brazilian Amazon, especially in the state of Pará, information about bioecology of these insects are sparse. Therefore this study aimed to do a faunistic analysis and to verify the profile of population fluctuation of tephritids at orchards in the city of Castanhal, Pará, besides to become fruit flies host and parasitoid known in this city and in others cities of that State. For the faunistic analysis and population dynamics it was collected tephritids with the aid of 15 McPhail traps which contained 400 ml of hydrolyzed maize protein as bait, in the period between January and December 2014. The traps were distributed in orchards in five locations in Castanhal, and they were installed on the treetops at a distance of 1.8 meter from the ground. Through faunistic analysis of harvested species it was measured the Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance, Hill equitability modified, in addition to the recording of frequency, constancy, wealth and abundance of dominant species. For the fly fluctuation population fly/ trap / day (MAD) monthly index was related to the monthly values of rainfall (mm), relative humidity of air (%) and average temperature of air (oC) in such region. The study concerning to host and parasitoid fruit flies was performed by collecting fruits between November 2013 and January 2015 in Castanhal, São Francisco do Pará, Igarapé Açu, Iriuia, Capanema and Santa Luzia Pará, all of them cities in the state of Pará. The fruits were taken, brought to a laboratory and placed in plastic trays on a layer of vermiculite and then they were covered with a thin cloth to obtain pupae flies and adult insects (flies and/or parasitoids). It was collected in traps 6.322 tephritids (70.5% females and 29.5% males) which belong to 13 species, 12 from Anastrepha gender and a sample of Ceratitis capitata. Anastrepha obliqua was the only dominant specie and the most frequent one (89.60%), followed by Anastrepha distincta (5.97%) and Anastrepha leptozona Hendel (1.37%). It was noticed an increasing value of Simpson index (0.81) and intermediate values in indexes of Shannon (0.49) and Hill (0.62). There were tephritids captures in traps in all sampling months, with the highest population peak of Anastrepha registered in January, October, November and December. There was no significant correlation between fruit flies population dynamics and climatic parameters that have been studied. It was sampled twenty-eight fruit species which belong to 16 botanical families. It was obtained eight species of Anastrepha directly from host insects, with A. oblique predominance, and three parasitoid species Braconidae, highlighting Doryctobracon areolatus
As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) são insetos fitófagos com espécies que podem assumir o status de praga em frutíferas. No Brasil estudos têm indicado variações na diversidade das moscas-das-frutas, dinâmica populacional e nas interações com hospedeiros e parasitoides. Entretanto, na Amazônia brasileira, sobretudo no Estado do Pará, as informações sobre a bioecologia destes tefritídeos são escassas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise faunística e verificar o perfil da flutuação populacional das moscas-das-frutas em pomares domésticos do município de Castanhal, Pará, além de conhecer seus hospedeiros e parasitoides em municípios do referido Estado. Para os estudos de análise faunística e flutuação populacional foram coletados tefritídeos com auxílio de 15 armadilhas McPhail contendo proteína hidrolisada de milho como atrativo, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2014. As armadilhas foram distribuídas em pomares domésticos de cinco localidades de Castanhal, instaladas na copa de frutíferas. Na análise faunística foram avaliados os índices de diversidade de Shannon, dominância de Simpson, equitabilidade de Hill modificado, além do registro da frequência, constância, riqueza e número de espécies dominantes. Para a flutuação populacional o índice mosca/armadilha/dia (MAD) mensal foi correlacionado aos valores mensais de precipitação pluvial (mm), umidade relativa do ar (%) e temperatura média do ar (oC) da região. O estudo de hospedeiros e parasitoides de moscas-das-frutas foi realizado através de coletas de frutos, entre novembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2015, nos municípios paraenses de Castanhal, São Francisco do Pará, Igarapé Açu, Iriuia, Capanema e Santa Luzia do Pará. Os frutos foram coletados, levados para o laboratório, colocados em bandejas plásticas sobre uma camada de vermiculita e cobertos com tecido fino, para obtenção dos pupários das moscas e posteriormente dos adultos (moscas e/ou parasitóides). Foram coletados nas armadilhas 6.322 tefritídeos (70,5% fêmeas e 29,5% machos), pertencentes a 13 espécies, sendo 12 do gênero Anastrepha e um exemplar de Ceratitis capitata. Anastrepha obliqua foi à única espécie dominante, sendo também a mais frequente (89,60%). Observou-se elevado valor do índice de Simpson (0,81) e valores intermediários quanto aos índices de Shannon (0,49) e Hill (0,62). Os maiores picos populacionais de Anastrepha foram registrados em janeiro, outubro, novembro e dezembro. Não foi observada correlação significativa entre a flutuação populacional das moscas-das-frutas e os parâmetros climáticos estudados. Diretamente dos hospedeiros foram obtidas oito espécies de Anastrepha, com predomínio de A. obliqua, e três espécies parasitoides Braconidae, destacando-se Doryctobracon areolatus
Issa, Mze Hassani. "Études écologiques des mouches des fruits (diptera tephritidae) nuisibles aux cultures fruitières aux Comores." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0001/document.
Full textNumerous invasions by fruit flies of the Tephritidae family are observed worldwide. This is particularly the case in Comoros, because of its geographical position and its imports of fresh products from neighboring countries. In order to determine the strategies necessary to reduce the populations of several species of this family, it is essential to have a current status on the ecology and distribution of the species present in the archipelago. The objectives of this thesis were to: (i) inventory the Tephritidae species present in Comoros and analyze the seasonal fluctuations of populations in relation to climatic factors and phenology of the main host plants, (ii) determine the host plants range of the main species and (iii) inventory the Tephritidae indigenous parasitoids and follow the acclimatization of theparasitoid Fopius arisanus introduced since 2013. In order to achieve these objectives, a weekly monitoring of a trapping network as well as plants phenology present in Grande-Comore, Mohéli and Anjouan islands was carried out during a period of two years. Similarly,cultivated and wild fruits were sampled in different regions of the ecoclimatic diversity of Grande-Comore island during a period of three years. Five fruit fly species were found throughout the archipelago from the trapping network: Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus bivittatus, Dacus punctatifrons and Dacus ciliatus. High dominance of the invasive species B. dorsalis was observed at all seasons and at all sites. The density of Tephritidae species was greater during the hot and wet season than during the cool and dry season. In addition, the results showed a high abundance of B. dorsalis in humid regions of low altitudes while C. capitata, persists in dry regions of higher elevation. The results suggest a niche separation phenomenon between these two species related to climate. Among 42 fruit species sampled from 22 plant families, 22 fruits belonging to 11 families were infested with Tephritidae. Six fruit fly species have emerged with a large dominance (91%) of B. dorsalis. The latter species occupies a wide range of host plants (16 species), using fruits previously infested with C. capitata. Four parasitoids species of Braconidae subfamily Opiinae have emerged in fruits including introduced species F. arisanus. However, very few individuals have been found at this timeand it will be necessary to follow acclimatization of the parasitoid in terms of parasitism rates, distribution and host fruit and Tephritidae species range
Atiama-Nurbel, Toulassi. "Réponse des femelles de Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera, Tephritidae) aux composés volatils de fruits-hôtes." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0026/document.
Full textLocating host-plants is a key process in the adaptive strategy of phytophagous insects, and olfactory stimuli, which arevolatile compounds emitted by plants, play an essential role in this process. Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera,Tephritidae) is responsible for significant damage to many vegetable crops in Reunion Island and worldwide. Whilethe bioecology and genetic population structure of this species are relatively well known, understanding the chemicalmediation occurring during host-fruit location is needed to improve the management of this pest. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the olfactory stimuli involved in the location by females of B. cucurbitae, of awide range of wild and cultivated host fruits of Cucurbitaceae in Reunion Island. A multidisciplinary approach (behavioural and chemical) was adopted to identify volatile compounds responsible for the attraction of females to their oviposition sites in 27 host fruits. The results highlight that within the range of host plants the female response to fruit odours is very heterogeneous(attraction rates from 1% to 74%). These levels of female response vary according to the plant species and the varietyand the stage of fruit maturity. Meanwhile, the study of the chemical composition of fruit odours reveals aconsiderable inter- and intraspecific chemodiversity: 280 volatile compounds identified in total, with differentemission profiles from one fruit to another. These results, complemented by coupled gas chromatographyelectroantennographic detection, have identified 34 compounds potentially involved in female attraction. In addition, ablend of two synthetic compounds as attractive as fresh fruit odour was identified by measuring attractiveness of 10 ofthe 34 compounds presented individually or in combination. The roles of volatiles in oviposition sites location and ecological specialization of this pest are discussed. Moreover,the association of these results with data on female preference and larval performance represents a promising researchdirection, which would contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of host specialization. Finally, theintegration of a simple two-component blend in a trapping system for females into an agroecological management scheme for B. cucurbitae populations is proposed
Permalloo, Shradanand. "Biological and taxonomic studies on parasitoids associated with some Tephritidae (Diptera)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277104.
Full textKarunaratne, Swinitha. "Behaviour of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293598.
Full textChan, Adeline S. T. "Anastrepha ludens loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) : an integrated behavioural and ecological study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278494.
Full textStainton, Kirsty. "Genetic control of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670052.
Full textTiburcio, Ricardo Augusto. "Riqueza e variabilidade da flora bacteriana de Tomoplagia minuta (Diptera, Tephritidae)." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317360.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Mestrado
Santos, Wigna Gabriela Nunes. "Dípteros frugívoros e seus parasitoides associados à mangueira em ambiente semiárido." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/95.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Brazil is one of the largest fruit producers in the world, however part of its production is not exported due to phytosanitary barriers imposed by importing countries. The incidence of frugivorous flies in orchards cause depreciation in fruits and serious damage to the producer, an alternative for the control of these pests, are parasitoids. The objective of this study was know to frugivorous flies and their parasitoids, associated with mango fruits in two maturity stages and the fruit of ripe guava. Mango fruits were harvested at physiological maturity stage and mature on the plant, and fruit ripe guava in the states of Rio Grande do Norte (Polo Açu-Mossoró) and Ceará. After harvest, the fruits were taken to the of laboratory of applied entomology of UFERSA, where they were weighed and placed in plastic containers containing vermiculite and closed with voile fabric. After 10 to 15 days vermiculite was sieved and pupae obtained counted and placed in Petri dishes until the emergence of adults. Also were placed traps types of McPhail and Jackson, containing hydrolyzed corn protein 5% and Trimedilure, respectively, in four orchards with products intended to export. Weekly (McPhail) and fortnightly (Jackson), the traps were monitored and insects captured sent to the laboratory. We collected 400 mango fruits and 1.331 guava fruits. The mango fruits in physiological maturity stage were not infested by any insect, since the ripe fruit on the plant were infested by C. capitata (34.4%) and Z. indianus (65.6%), the guava fruits were obtained only pupae of Z. indianus. Besides the flies were found collected figitídeos parasitoids of Z. indianus. Only, C. capitata was captured in traps and contacted that non infestation of the fruits in physiological maturity stage, for this tefritídeo is not associated with its population density in the orchard, but the inherent fruit factors
O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de frutas do mundo, no entanto a incidência de dípteros frugívoros nos pomares causa sérios prejuízos a produção, devido ao fato de suas larvas alimentarem-se dos frutos tornando-os impróprios para o consumo in natura, além de algumas espécies, como as moscas-das-frutas, limitarem a exportação da produção. O controle desses dípteros é realizado basicamente utilizando produtos químicos, porém devido as exigências do mercado consumidor, métodos alternativos de controle estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados, como por exemplo, os parasitoides. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: a) Conhecer os dípteros frugívoros associados a frutos de manga e qual estádio de maturação (maturação fisiológica ou maduro na planta) é mais suscetível a infestação pelos dípteros frugívoros, em pomares comerciais localizados no Polo Açu-Mossoró (RN) e b) relatar a ocorrência de figitídeos parasitoides de drosofilídeos em frutos maduros de manga e goiaba, nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte e Ceará, respectivamente. Os frutos coletados eram encaminhados ao laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada da UFERSA, onde eram pesados, acondicionados em recipientes plásticos contendo vermiculita e fechados com tecido voile. Decorridos 10 a 15 dias a vermiculita era peneirada e os pupários obtidos contados e colocados em placas de Petri até a emergência dos adultos. Os frutos de manga no estádio de maturação fisiológica não estavam infestados por diptero, já os frutos de manga maduros estavam infestados por C. capitata (34,4%) e Z. indianus (65,6%). Verificou-se também que a não infestação de C. capitata nos frutos de manga no estádio de maturação fisiológica está relacionado com as características dos frutos e não a densidade populacional da praga no campo. Associados aos frutos maduros de manga e goiaba foram encontrados exemplares de Dicerataspis grenadensis e Leptopilina boulardi, respectivamente, e este é o primeiro relato de D. grenadensis no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e de L. boulardi no Ceará
Bomfim, Zuzinaide Vidal. "Análises morfométrica e molecular de espécies do grupo spatulata (Diptera, Tephritidae, Anastrepha)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-24052011-144652/.
Full textThe genus Anastrepha Schiner encompasses the dipterans known as fruit flies. The spatulata group comprises 11 species, however, those species that infest the aerial parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) have received attention as they cause losses to cassava breeding programs. This study aimed at verifying variation in populations of Anastrepha alveata Stone, 1942, Anastrepha manihoti Lima, 1934, Anastrepha montei Lima, 1934, Anastrepha pickeli Lima, 1934 e Anastrepha spatulata Stone, 1942 and two undescribed species (Anastrepha n. sp. 2 and Anastrepha n. sp. 3) of the spatulata group from various localities in Brazil and also from Bolivia, Mexico and Paraguay. Ten females from each population were studied using morphometric methods (traditional and geometric) and analyzing six variables on the aculeus and 14 landmarks on the right wing, respectively. Sequencing of the citochrome oxidase (COI) gene was carried out to infer phylogenetic relationships among species. The morphometric data were evaluated by the software Statistica 9.0® and molecular analysis by the methods of maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) (MEGA 4.1®). Aculeus tip length, aculeus width at the end of the cloaca opening and the serrate part length contributed significantly to distinguish among populations. The multivariate tests showed that the canonical variables were statistically significant indicating a difference in the wing conformation among populations. Landmarks of the intersections between vein R4+5 and costal, vein M and wing margin, vein CuA2 and wing margin, and Cu1 and M contributed the most. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that populations clustered. Interpopulational variation was observed in Anastrepha pickeli Lima, 1934 according to the methods used in this study. Also, it was confirmed the separation of two species close to A. pickeli, which were previously recognized as new species (not described yet) based on exclusively morphology.
Burkhardt, Berit. "Eiablageverhalten, Gallentyp und Fitness von Urophora-Arten (Diptera: Tephritidae) bei unterschiedlicher Wirtsqualität /." Bayreuth : Bayreuther Institut für Terrestrische Ökosystemforschung (BITÖK), 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/310337593.pdf.
Full textSouza, Silvana Aparecida da Silva. "Oviposição de Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) em Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3912.
Full textFundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
The behavior meeting and selection of host plants is a matter of great importance in the study of insect-plant interactions. The triggering of such conduct takes place through a set of physical and chemical signals emitted by plants. Chemical signals to attract insects and allow them to recognize the host plant, while the physical characteristics are encouraging initiatives to guide the insect to the host fruit. The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata explores a range of host plants and at the time of laying their choices are mediated by physical signs. C. capitata explores a range of host plants and has been reported frequently in cultures of Coffea arabica in different regions of the world. The females appear in the coffee plantations in the early stage of grain maturity, attacking mainly ripe fruits. In Brazil, has assumed great economic importance in coffee plantations of C. arabica of Bahia. However, in coffee plantations of Coffea canephora has not been reported and rejection or acceptance of fruits for oviposition of C. capitata. The objective was to obtain information on laboratory and field conditions on the oviposition of C. capitata in varieties of C. arabica and varieties of C. canephora. We assessed the preference of oviposition C. capitata among varieties of C. arabica and C. canephora, and combinations of varieties of C. arabica with those of C. canephora. Also were assessed effect of diameter and thickness of the shell of the fruits of C. arabica and C. canephora in the oviposition of C. capitata. Females of C. capitata showed no oviposition preference among varieties of C. arabica. Females showed a preference between the varieties of C. canephora, albeit with lower deposition of eggs in the fruit. The combinations of the varieties of C. arabica with varieties C. canephora highest average of eggs were obtained in the varieties of C. arabica. Therefore, one may conclude that the fruits of C. canephora were resistant to attack by C. capitata. The thickness of the peel of fruits of C. arabica and C. canephora influenced the deposition of eggs in the rosettes. With increasing shell thickness decreases the average number of eggs in the rosettes. The thickness of the peel of fruits of C. arabica had greater acceptability for oviposition of C. capitata. The diameter of the fruits of C. arabica and C. canephora influence the number of eggs deposited in rosettes. According, increases the diameter, increases the average number of eggs in the rosettes.
O comportamento de encontro e seleção de plantas hospedeiras é um assunto de grande importância no estudo de interação inseto-planta. O desencadeamento de tais comportamentos acontece mediante um conjunto de sinais químicos e físicos emitidos pelas plantas. Sinais químicos atraem os insetos e lhes permitem o reconhecimento da planta hospedeira, enquanto as características físicas são estímulos inicias que orientam o inseto para o fruto hospedeiro. A mosca-do- mediterrâneo Ceratitis capitata explora uma gama de plantas hospedeiras e no momento da postura suas escolhas são mediadas por sinais físicos. C. capitata explora uma gama de plantas hospedeira e vem sendo registrado com frequência em culturas de Coffea arabica em diferentes regiões do mundo. As fêmeas aparecem nos cafezais no início da fase de maturação dos grãos, atacando preferencialmente frutos maduros. No Brasil, vem assumindo grande importância econômica nos cafezais de C. arabica da Bahia. Entretanto, em cafezais de Coffea canephora não se tem relato de rejeição e ou aceitação dos frutos para oviposição de C. capitata. O objetivo do trabalho foi obter informações em condições de laboratório e campo, sobre a oviposição de C. capitata em variedades de C. arabica e em variedades de C. canephora. Avaliou-se a preferência de oviposição C. capitata entre as variedades de C. arabica e as de C. canephora, e combinações das variedades de C. arabica com as de C. canephora. Também avaliamos o efeito do diâmetro e espessura da casca dos frutos de C. arabica e C. canephora na oviposição de C. capitata. Fêmeas de C. capitata não apresentaram preferência de oviposição entre as variedades de C. arabica. Fêmeas apresentaram preferência entre as variedades de C. canephora, embora com baixa deposição de ovos nos frutos. Nas combinações das variedades de C. arabica com variedades de C. canephora maior média de ovos foram obtidos nas variedades de C. arabica. Portanto, pode se concluir que os frutos de C. canephora foram resistente ao ataque de C. capitata. Essa resistência pode estar relacionada com as características física ou química dos frutos. A espessura da casca dos frutos de C. arabica e C. canephora influenciou na deposição de ovos nas rosetas. Com o aumenta da espessura da casca diminui o número médio de ovos nas rosetas. A espessura da casca dos frutos de C. arabica teve maior aceitabilidade para oviposição de C. capitata. O diâmetro dos frutos de C. arabica e C. canephora influenciou no número médio de ovos depositados nas rosetas. Conforme aumenta o diâmetro dos frutos, aumenta o número médio de ovos nas rosetas.
Tasnin, Mst Shahrima. "Demographic structure and aging in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) in subtropical Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207465/1/Mst%20Shahrima_Tasnin_Thesis.pdf.
Full textNiyazi, Nuri. "Probiotic diets affecting field and production facility performance in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412502.
Full textJunior, Francisco Lozano Leonel. "Espécies de Braconidae (hymenoptera) parasitóides de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera. Tephritidae) no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-20181127-155908/.
Full textnot available
Barros, Adilson Camilo de. "Efeitos das ondas acústicas em pupas de Ceratitis capitata. (Wied., 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-10062008-151133/.
Full textThe aim of this research has been to investigate the hypothesis that acoustic waves would provoke a measurable effect on a population of fruit flies, a treatment denominated sonication. Ionizing radiation, the causative agent for the treatment designated by irradiation has been used as a reference, as long as its effects on living beings and particularly on insects are widely known. This research also enquiries into the possible effects of acoustic waves and Gamma rays. The experiments of sonication were carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology of the Instituto Biológico de São Paulo. The experiments of radiation were carried out in the Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações - IPEN, located within the campus of the University of São Paulo. It has been employed a Gammacell source model 220 with average activity of 757.069 ± 293.484 curies (Ci) and an average dosis rate of 3.106 ± 0.245 quilograys per hour (kGy/h). Levels applied to the sonication treatment, in hertz and quilohertz were: 0 Hz (control) ; 5.0 Hz ; 10.0 Hz ; 20.0 Hz ; 40.0 Hz ; 60.0 Hz ; 80.0 Hz ; 1.0 kHz ; 2.0 kHz ; 10.0 kHz ; 15.0 kHz e 20.0 kHz . Irradiation dosis applied in Grays were: 5.0 Gy ; 7.5 Gy ; 10.0 Gy ; 12.5 Gy ; 15 Gy ; 50 Gy ; 100 Gy ; 150 Gy and 200 Gy. It has been used an acoustic tube made of glass - 40.6 cm in lenght and 9.1cm in diameter - and sinusoidal waves originated from three acoustic sources, with response in decibels, which sound intensity varied from 93.60 ± 1.51 dB to 123.96 ± 0.23 dB. Final results have pointed to evidences that would justify the rejection of null hypothesis H0, to which the average of the treatments due to acoustic waves do not differ significantly from each other.
Silva, Barbara Karine de Albuquerque. "Parasitoides pupais de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) no município de Mossoró/RN." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/768.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The production and export of tropical fruits in nature is one of the main agricultural activities of the Northeastern Brazilian region, which is characterized by the semiarid climate. However, the presence of pest insects, such as fruit flies, hampers the production and export in this fruit segment. The main species of fruit flies of economic and quarantine importance in Brazilian semiarid is Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). The use of synthetic insecticides is still the most usual method for suppression of these populations. However, in the context of integrated production, the use of beneficial organisms is a desirable practice for a population decrease of these tefritídeos, featured the parasitoids. Although there is some information about the larval parasitoids of fruit flies in the semi-arid, there are practically no records of the occurrence of pupal parasitoids of C. capitata, in mentioned region. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify if there are pupal parasitoids associated to C. capitata in the Brazilian semiarid. The survey was carried out in the municipality of Mossoró (RN), from May to September 2016. To obtain the parasitoids, pupae of C. capitata produced in the laboratory were exposed to natural parasitism in the field. In the surveys, four species of parasitoids were obtained, all belonging to the order Hymenoptera and family Pteromalidae: Spalangia simplex Perkins; Spalangia leiopleura Gibson; Spalangia impunctata Howard; and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), the latter being the most common species, with a natural parasitism index of 12.17%. These are the first reports of S. leiopleura and S. impunctata parasitizing pupae of C. capitata, in Brazil
A produção e exportação de frutas tropicais in natura é uma das principais atividades agrícolas da região nordeste brasileira, que se caracteriza por apresentar clima semiárido. No entanto, a presença de insetos-praga, como as moscas-das-frutas, dificulta a produção e exportação nesse segmento frutícola. A principal espécie de moscas-das-frutas de importância econômica e quarentenária presente no semiárido brasileiro é a Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). O uso de inseticidas sintéticos ainda é o método mais usual para supressão dessas populações. Contudo, no contexto da produção integrada, a utilização de organismos benéficos é uma prática desejável para a diminuição populacional desses tefritídeos, com destaque aos parasitoides. Apesar de haver algumas informações sobre os parasitoides larvais de moscas-das-frutas no semiárido, praticamente não existem registros da ocorrência de parasitoides pupais de C. capitata na referida região. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se existem parasitoides pupais associados a C. capitata no semiárido brasileiro. O levantamento foi realizado no município de Mossoró (RN), no período de maio a setembro de 2016. Para obtenção dos parasitoides, pupas de C. capitata produzidas em laboratório foram expostas ao parasitismo natural em campo. Nos levantamentos, foram obtidas quatro espécies de parasitoides pupais, todas pertencentes à ordem Hymenoptera e família Pteromalidae: Spalangia simplex Perkins; Spalangia leiopleura Gibson; Spalangia impunctata Howard; e Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), sendo esta última a espécie mais comum, com índice de parasitismo natural de 12,17%. Estes são os primeiros relatos de S. leiopleura e S. impunctata parasitando pupas de C. capitata, no Brasil
2017-07-21
Dias, Vanessa Simões. "Compatibilidade de acasalamento de populações do complexo Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) do Brasil." Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, 2012. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19552.
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A seleção sexual pode conduzir populações ao isolamento reprodutivo pré-zigótico mediante a evolução da preferência por características sexuais específicas (Ritchie, 2007). Uma possível explicação para esse processo considera a evolução conjunta entre a preferência de acasalamento da fêmea e características secundárias do macho (Lande, 1981, 1982). Nos animais, em geral, as fêmeas podem escolher machos de melhor qualidade (good genes sexual selection, ver detalhes em Möller & Alatalo, 1999 e Alcock, 2011) ou mais estimulantes (seleção runaway, Fisher, 1930). Todavia, quando tais escolhas conduzem a uma discriminação entre espécies de um grupo aparentado (raças geográficas), elas podem contribuir para o reconhecimento das espécies (Ryan &Rand, 1993). O reconhecimento de parceiro sexual pode ser definido como uma resposta comportamental indicando que um indivíduo considera outro como parceiro apropriado, não estando vinculado à ideia de preferência, já que não exige comparação (Ryan & Rand, 1993). A ideia de preferência, comumente associada às fêmeas, está relacionada à “vantagem que certos indivíduos têm sobre os outros do mesmo sexo e espécie unicamente em relação à reprodução” (Darwin, 1871), originalmente o conceito de seleção sexual. Dentre os mecanismos pela qual a seleção sexual ocorre, a escolha de parceiro sexual (seleção intersexual) é caracterizada pelo favorecimento de caracteres em um dos sexos que atraem o outro (Krebs & Davies, 1996). Ryan e Rand (1993) descreveram inicialmente a relação entre a escolha de parceiro sexual e o reconhecimento de parceiro, ressaltando as semelhanças entre ambos os processos, afirmando que sua interação pode resultar em acasalamentos associativos dentro e entre espécies. Algumas das possíveis causas para a ocorrência de acasalamentos associativos podem ser extraídas dos mecanismos de isolamento pré-zigótico definidos por Dobzhansky (1951) como, por exemplo, a ocupação de diferentes hábitats (isolamento ecológico); diferentes horários ou estações de acasalamentos e floração (isolamento temporal); assim como a falta de atração mútua entre machos e fêmeas (isolamento sexual ou comportamental). Ainda segundo ele, há também os mecanismos pós-zigóticos de isolamento como inviabilidade, esterilidade ou desmoronamento do híbrido. Um excelente modelo para investigar os mecanismos de isolamento reprodutivo é a Anastrepha fraterculus, considerada um complexo de espécies crípticas, e não uma entidade biológica singular, por estudos moleculares, genéticos, morfométricos e bioquímicos (Stone, 1942; Steck, 1991; Selivon & Perondini, 1998; Selivon et al., 2004, 2005; Cáceres et al., 2009). No Brasil, alguns desses estudos apontam para a hipótese de pelo menos três grupos diferentes desta espécie no País, denominados Anastrepha sp.1 aff. fraterculus, A. sp.2 aff. fraterculus e A. sp.3 aff. fraterculus (Selivon & Perondini, 1998; Selivon et al., 2004, 2005). Apesar de todos os estudos direcionados à caracterização das populações do complexo A. fraterculus oriundas do Brasil, pouco se sabe sobre a compatibilidade sexual das mesmas. Este conhecimento é importante para auxiliar na resolução do status taxonômico, no maior conhecimento dos fatores envolvidos no isolamento reprodutivo do complexo, bem como no seu controle, já que esta é considerada uma praga agrícola. A urgência de métodos de controle complementares da A. fraterculus, como a Técnica do Inseto Estéril (TIE), é evidente diante do extensivo uso de defensivos agrícolas e das perdas significativas associadas à produção de maçã no Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina (Sugayama et al., 1997; Kovaleski et al., 1999). A TIE consiste na produção massal de insetos para posterior esterilização e liberação na natureza (Knipling, 1955). Logo, ocorrendo o acasalamento entre o macho liberado e a fêmea selvagem, a população alvo tende a diminuir. Visando fornecer subsídios para o controle populacional da A. fraterculus no Brasil através da TIE (relevância prática), bem como contribuir para o entendimento da influência do comportamento sexual no isolamento reprodutivo do complexo A. fraterculus (relevância teórica), o presente estudo foi realizado. Para isto, a compatibilidade sexual e as frequências dos comportamentos de corte de populações do Sul (Vacaria-RS, Pelotas-RS, Bento Gonçalves-RS, São Joaquim-SC) e do Sudeste (Piracicaba-SP) do Brasil foram avaliadas através de experimentos em gaiola de campo e filmagem, respectivamente. A compatibilidade de acasalamento foi avaliada mediante os seguintes cruzamentos: Pelotas versus Vacaria, Vacaria versus São Joaquim, Vacaria versus Bento Gonçalves, Piracicaba versus Vacaria, Piracicaba versus Bento Gonçalves e Piracicaba versus São Joaquim. Os resultados sugerem que há compatibilidade de acasalamento entre as populações do Sul e certo grau de incompatibilidade destas quando comparadas com a população do Sudeste. Nenhuma diferenciação foi encontrada quanto ao pico de atividade sexual e formação de leks; entretanto os experimentos de filmagem mostraram que estas diferiram em relação às frequências das unidades comportamentais associadas ao sucesso de acasalamento. Houve clara distinção quanto às populações selvagens em relação às criadas em laboratório. Nossos resultados sugerem uma possível explicação para a incompatibilidade de acasalamento encontrada entre as populações do Sul e Sudeste, servindo de alerta para possíveis programas de liberação de insetos estéreis nessas áreas. É importante ressaltar que não basta utilizar populações classificadas no mesmo grupo dentro do complexo A.fraterculus, mas, acima disso, os machos das populações utilizadas em tais programas de controle devem ser aptos a competirem com os insetos selvagens para o sucesso da TIE.
Salvador
Nagalingham, Kumaran. "Functional significance of male attractants of Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and underlying mechanisms." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/67440/1/Kumaran_Nagalingam_Thesis.pdf.
Full textEkanayake, Darshika. "The mating system and courtship behaviour of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106918/2/Wasala_Ekanayake_Thesis.pdf.
Full textDuyck, Pierre-François. "Compétition interspécifique et capacités invasives : le cas des Tephritidae de l'île de la Réunion." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470566.
Full textRABELO, Lilian Rosana Silva. "Monitoramento de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera, Tephritidae) em cinco municípios no estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2665.
Full textFruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) are important insect pests in world fruit orchards; responsible for significant yield losses, and an obstacle to the fruit market due to quarantine restrictions imposed by importing countries. The knowledge of their population dynamics in a specific region is an important factor in insect pest management programs. Fruit flies were monitored by surveys conducted in five counties of the state of Goiás, aiming to increase the knowledge of the species, the faunistic index, the population fluctuation, as well as to elaborate a pictorial identification key for the species catalogued. Collecting expeditions were conducted weekly, using traps model McPhail, with corn hydrolyzed protein at 5% as food attractant. The most common species population fluctuation was assessed by the FTD (fly/trap/day) index. Surveys took place from November 2004 to October 2009 in cucurbit crops and family orchards; and from September 2008 to August 2009 in fragments of the native vegetation of the Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna), at the Vale do São Patrício - GO region, in four counties belonging to the area of Mitigating Risk System (MRS) of A. grandis. This study was also carried out in a guava commercial orchard in the Cristalina county GO, from November 2008 to October 2009. In the Vale do São Patrício 173 Anastrepha females were captured, and 14 species identified as belonging to five infrageneric groups. The largest number of flies captured took place in the Uruana county (37%), followed by Itapuranga (30%), Carmo do Rio Verde (26%), and Jaraguá (7%) counties. A. manihati species was the most common (34%), followed by A. obliqua (19.65%), and A. pickeli (13.87) A. dissimilis, A. quiinae and A. pickeli were recorded for the first time in the state of Goiás. A. grandis was captured for the first time in the counties of Uruana and Jaraguá with FDI within the contents accepted for cucurbits fruit export. In the Vale do São Patricio region the genus Anastrepha occurred in all seasons, with population peaks coinciding with the fructification period of most of the host species of the Cerrado fauna. At the guava commercial orchard of Cristalina 170,812 male and female individuals of C. capitata, and 1, 654 female individuals of Anastrepha were captured. C. capitata was the most abundant, with 98.24% of the total, while genus Anastrepha was the least, with 1.76%, and seven species identified, in which A. fraterculus (1.46%) and A. sororcula (0.175%) were the most common. C. capitata and A. fraterculus were associated with the class super of dominance, abundance, frequency and constancy. The seven species of Anastrepha sampled in this work matched the 1.09 index of diversity. C. capitata and A. fraterculus population peaks coincided with the guava production season, with a population outburst occurring in January 2009. C. capitata population levels remained relatively high during the collecting period, except from March to July 2009, with peaks in December 2008. There was a significant correlation of C. capitata and A. fraterculus population fluctuation with weather. A pictorial identification key was elaborated for the 22 species of fruit flies recorded in Goiás: A. amita, A. bahiensis, A. bistrigata, A. dissimilis, A. distincta, A. fraterculus, A. grandis, A. leptozona, A. manihoti, A. montei, A. obliqua, A. pseudoparallela, A. pickeli, A. quiinae, A. serpentina, A. sororcula, A. striata, A. turpiniae, A. zenildae, A. zerny, Ceratitis Capitata and Anastrepha sp. (new species - R. A. Zucchi personal information).
As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera, Tephritidae) são consideradas importantes pragas da fruticultura mundial, pois causam perdas significativas à produção e limitam o livre transporte de frutas devido às restrições quarentenárias impostas por países importadores. O conhecimento da dinâmica populacional das moscas-das-frutas de uma determinada região é um fator importante para o manejo desta praga. As moscas-das-frutas foram estudadas a partir de levantamentos realizados em cinco municípios do Estado de Goiás, com os objetivos gerais de aumentar o conhecimento sobre as espécies ocorrentes, índices faunísticos, flutuações populacionais e elaborar uma chave de identificação pictórica para as espécies registradas neste Estado. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente, em armadilhas modelo McPhail, com atrativo alimentar (proteína hidrolisada de milho a 5%). A flutuação populacional das espécies mais frequentes foi avaliada por meio do índice MAD (mosca/armadilha/dia). De novembro de 2004 a outubro de 2009, os levantamentos foram realizados em cultivos de cucurbitáceas e em pomares domésticos e, de setembro de 2008 a agosto de 2009, em fragmentos de vegetação nativa do Cerrado, na Região do Vale do São Patrício (GO), em quatro municípios pertencentes à área com Sistema de Mitigação de Risco (SMR) de A. grandis. O estudo também foi conduzido em um pomar comercial de goiaba no município de Cristalina (GO), de novembro de 2008 a outubro de 2009. Na Região do Vale do São Patrício, foram capturadas 173 fêmeas de Anastrepha e identificadas 14 espécies pertencentes a cinco grupos infragenéricos. Em Uruana, foi capturado o maior número de moscas-das-frutas (37%), seguido de Itapuranga (30%), Carmo do Rio Verde (26%) e Jaraguá (7%), sendo que A. manihoti foi a espécie mais frequente (34%), seguida da A. obliqua (19,65%) e da A. pickeli (13,87%). Quanto às espécies A. dissimilis, A. quiinae e A. pickeli, elas foram referidas pela primeira vez no Estado de Goiás. Já A. grandis foi capturada pela primeira vez nos municípios de Uruana e Jaraguá com MAD, dentro dos índices aceitos para exportação de frutos de cucurbitáceas. Na Região do Vale do São Patrício, as moscas-dasfrutas do gênero Anastrepha ocorrem em todas as estações do ano, e os picos populacionais coincidem com o período de frutificação da maioria das espécies de plantas hospedeiras dos Cerrados. No pomar comercial de goiaba em Cristalina, foram capturados 170.812 exemplares (machos e fêmeas) de C. capitata, dos quais 1.654 são fêmeas de Anastrepha. C. capitata (a espécie mais abundante), representando 98,24% do total. Já o gênero Anastrepha foi representado por 1,76%, sendo identificadas sete espécies, das quais A. fraterculus (1,461%) e A. sororcula (0,175%) foram as mais frequentes. C. capitata e A. fraterculus foram associadas à classe super de dominância, abundância, frequência e constância. As sete espécies de Anastrepha amostradas neste estudo correspondem ao índice de diversidade de 1,09. O pico populacional de C. capitata e A. fraterculus coincide com a época de produção de frutos da goiaba, com uma explosão populacional em janeiro de 2009. Os níveis populacionais de C. capitata mantiveram-se relativamente altos em todo o período de coleta, exceto de março a julho de 2009, com pico em dezembro de 2008. Houve correlação significativa da flutuação populacional de C. capitata e de A. fraterculus com os fatores meteorológicos estudados. Foi elaborada uma chave de identificação pictórica para as 22 espécies de moscas-das-frutas registradas em Goiás: A. amita, A. bahiensis, A. bistrigata, A. dissimilis, A. distincta, A. fraterculus, A. grandis, A. leptozona, A. manihoti, A. montei, A. obliqua, A. pseudoparallela, A. pickeli, A. quiinae, A. serpentina, A. sororcula, A. striata, A. turpiniae, A. zenildae, A. zerny, Ceratitis Capitata e Anastrepha sp. (espécie nova - R. A. Zucchi - inf. pessoal).
Diniz, Maina Perin Figueiredo. "Uso do acetato de amônia em atrativos alimentares para moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-06012017-133432/.
Full textThe fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the main pests of fruit crops in the world, due to the direct and indirect damage that its causes and easy of adaptation. The management of the fruit flies through population monitoring with different attractive substances more efficient is very important. The objective with this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the inclusion of ammonium acetate at different concentrations in the solutions composed of corn hydrolysed protein and sugars. The experiment 1 was conducted in guava orchard during seven weeks and evaluated 6 attractives solutions: Isca Samaritá® Traditional (5%), Isca Samaritá® Traditional + 3% ammonium acetate (5% + 3%), Isca Samaritá® Traditional + 5% ammonium acetate (5% + 5%), Isca Samaritá® Traditional + 7% of ammonium acetate (5% + 7%), molasses (7%) and torula pellets (1%). The experimental design was a randomized block with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. The traps used were of the McPhail type. Exchanges were make every 7 days. There was not difference for the total the fruit flies captured by torula solutions and Isca Samaritá® Traditional + 3% and 7% of ammonium acetate, the most attractive. There was not difference in female fruit flies captured by torula solutions and Isca Samaritá® Traditional + 3% ammonium acetate. For social insects and natural enemy the solutions with molasses and torula were less selective. With the addition of ammonium acetate it was possible to see a considerable increase in attractiveness to the commercial product, especially on the first day after installation in the field. The solution Isca Samaritá® Traditional + 3% Ammonium Acetate was selected as the best cost benefit with the addition of ammonium acetate tested and evaluated the attractiveness of efficiency in experiment 2 compared to Isca Samaritá® Traditional (5%), molasses (7%) and torula pellets (1%). It used the methodology of mark-release-recapture A. fraterculus sterile. The dispersion was monitored from a central point of release and the side cardinal directions, in McPhail traps. The direction of dispersion through the circular analysis exposed by Rose Diagram identified that the greatest frequency of recaptures were in positions where they were the torula and Isca Samaritá® Traditional + 3% ammonium acetate.
Silva, Tibério Graco Araújo da. "Caracterização morfométrica e molecular de Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi e Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-23092008-165128/.
Full textBecause of the fact that Anastrepha striata Schiner and Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi are very similar morphologically and may also occur sympatrically, this study aimed to propose different ways to characterize them by using wing and aculeus morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. This work also aimed to develop species-specific primers to allow for the differentiation between both species in sympatric areas. Six A. striata and two A. bistrigata populations were obtained from different regions from Brazil, Colombia and Bolivia. Specimens from different populations had their aculeus and wings removed and slide mounted for image acquisition under a stereomicroscope and morphometric analysis. Data collection for morphometry were taken for each specimen on eight segments of the aculeus and on 16 of the right wing. The molecular characterization consisted of the sequencing and analysis of a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, and the development of species-specific primers. Morphometry did not indicate any consistent variation to allow for geographical characterization of different populations, but indicated A. striata and A. bistrigata are consistently different morphologically. Populations of either species from higher altitudes were larger than the ones at lower altitudes, and A. striata displayed a much higher intraespecific variation in morphology than A.bistrigata. COI nucleotide sequences for A. striata were very similar among the populations studied, and the molecular analysis did not yield groups that were related geographically. The COI analysis allowed the development of a set of species-specific primers that were divergent enough to allow for the discrimination of A. striata and A. bistrigata in multiplex PCR reactions.
Prezotto, Leandro Fontes. "Análise do ITS1 do DNA ribossômico em espécies do complexo Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-02062008-135324/.
Full textFruit flies of Tephritidae family are important pest for the worldwide fruitculture because many species use commercial variety of fruits as host for the development of thier larval stage. Anastrepha is endemic of the American Continent and comprises about 200 described species, 90 of which occurs in Brazil. Among these species the most important is the nominal A. fraterculus, that, actually, comprises a complex of cryptic species, the so-called \"fraterculus complex\". Four species of the complex has been characterized, three of which occurs in Brazil (A.sp.1, A.sp.2, A. sp.3) and one in Ecuador (A. sp.4). In the present analyses the ITS1 spacer of the ribosomal genes was characterized by PCR and sequencing, in samples of A. fraterculus s.l. from several populations in Brazil and from different regions of South, Central America and Mexico. Amplyfication was carried out with primers designed in the present analyses, 18SF and 5.8SR, that generate fragments of 900 bp containing a partial sequence of the 18S gene, the complete ITS1 and the initial portion of the 5.8S gene. The length of the fragment did not varied significantly among the samples. The ITS1 size varied from 539 to 584 bp, and contained a very high content of AT, from 77.6 to 88.6 %, among samples. Similarity of the ITS1 sequences was high (from 88% to 99.8%) among the samples, and no signficant intraspecific differences were found in the sequences of samples from different brazilian populations. The POY software produced many parcimonious phylogenetic trees, and the strict consensus tree grouped the samples in distinct clades. First, there was a separation of the clade of Ceratitis species (outgroups) from the clade of Anastrepha. Within this clade A. obliqua was isolated from a large clade containg all the samples of A. fraterculus s.l.. Within A. fraterculus, one clade grouped the samples from Mexico and Guatemala, another clade the samples from Ecuador and Peru and a clade with the samples from Brazil and Argentina. The sample of Colombia was found as independent branch of the tree. In each of these clades there were subgroups of the different samples, and it was observed a relationship of these clades and subgroups to the biogeographic divisions of the entomofauna of Latin America with a few exceptions. The analysis of ITS1 clearly corroborate previous data indicating that there are three biological entities of the fraterculus complex in Brazil. It also indicates that different entities must exist in other regions of Latin America.
Gregório, Patrícia Luciane Fernandes. "Aprendizagem e memória em Anastrepha fraterculus (WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) e Grapholita molesta (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/152981.
Full textLearning is defined as a change in behavior caused by prior experience. Insects' capacity to learn helps improve their search and defense strategies by allowing them a plasticity of response to different stimuli. The aim of this study was to assess learning and memory in Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann,1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Behavioral responses were tested for A. fraterculus flies previously exposed to artificial fruits consisting of agar, water, and fruit pulp of host species, flies not exposed to such fruits, flies previously exposed to artificial fruits containing lemongrass essential oil, and flies exposed to fruits made with water and agar (control). Chemotaxic responses of G. molesta caterpillars and adults exposed or not exposed to lemongrass essential oil were also assessed, together with the duration of olfactory memory after metamorphosis. The influence of an adverse stimulus on associative learning was also tested, by first conditioning G. molesta caterpillars to associate ethyl acetate with an electric shock, and then testing caterpillar and adult behavior in a Y-olfactometer. Prior experience with artificial fruits containing blackberry pulp increased the number of punctures and eggs deposited by A. fraterculus on that substrate, with this memory lasting for up to 72 hours. By contrast, exposure to substrates with guava pulp did not affect flies' behavior. Prior experience with lemongrass essential oil modified the host-selection behavior of A. fraterculus and the chemotaxy of juvenile and adult G. molesta. G. molesta caterpillars demonstrated associative learning and maintained the memory for 72 hours after metamorphosis.
Mahat, Kiran. "Fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) of South-East Queensland: Abundance, interaction, and adaptive mechanisms in a complex environment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/192098/1/Kiran_Mahat_Thesis.pdf.
Full textCharlery, de la Masselière Maud. "Spécialisation d'hôte au sein d'une communauté d'insectes phytophages : le cas des Tephritidae à La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0020/document.
Full textPhytophagous insects are a very diverse group of organisms and most of them are considered as specialized. Patterns of specialization regarding their host plants depend on their ability to interact with their hosts (fundamental niche) and on environmental factors which modulate these interactions leading to observed patterns in the field (realized niche). Fundamental specialization is determined by the joint evolution of two traits: larval performance and female preference. To understand this specialization, we studied a community of eight fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) present in La Réunion.First, we determined the realized niche of each species and showed that they were structured by plant phylogeny with D. demmerezi, D. ciliatus and Z. cucurbitae as Cucurbitaceae specialists, N. cyanescens as Solanaceae specialist and C. catoirii, C. capitata et C. quilicii as generalists feeding on plants belonging to different families. After the invasion of B. zonata in 2000, C. capitata et C. quilicii were subjected to a decrease of their host range.Then, we determined the fundamental niche of these species (except D. ciliatus). We assessed female preferences by measuring their fecundity on 29 fruits, then we tested the presence of a correlation between female preference and larval performance (mother knows best hypothesis). We showed a positive correlation for Cucurbitaceae specialists laying eggs on plants where larvae survive the best, at the opposite of generalist species laying eggs and surviving on many hosts without any correlation between these two traits.Finally, host selection by females being mostly done thanks to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by fruits, we showed that fruits infested by generalist species have common VOCs responsible for fruit maturation. On the contrary, the fruits of several Solanaceae emit specific VOCs suggesting their detection by N. cyanescens females. Cucurbitaceae species emit abundant VOCs rarely present in other families suggesting a detection of a specific blend of these VOCS by Cucurbitaceae specialists
Nakamura, Aline Minali. "Estudos de expressão em genes potencialmente envolvidos no processo reprodutivo em Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7325.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
The majority of species in the genus Anastrepha is endemic to the Neotropics and many are of great economic importance because they inflict great damage to several different fruit crops. Brazil has low insertion in international markets because of the demand for quality products with no pesticide residues, which force the improvement of control techniques. Thus, an alternative to insect pests control is the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which reduces the pest population by mass release of sterile insects. However, sterilization by radiation has many side effects, reducing the competitiveness of released males relative to wild males. For this reason, different strategies have been used, such as the production of transgenic individuals not only in order to sterility but also increasing the vitality presented by these males compared to wild males. To accomplish that, an important approach could be the study of genes involved in the reproductive process. In this work, we selected nine candidate genes for expression studies of our transcriptome data, which have the potential of being involved in the reproductive process in Anastrepha because they belong to gene families that have already been associated to the reproductive process, and showed differential expression between the contrast of virgin and post-mating of transcriptome data in Anastrepha flies. Since no qPCR study has been done to date in Anastrepha, we tested several reference genes for normalization of expression data. The genes Rpl18, Rps17 and Ef1a were deemed suitable and used here to standardize studies of expression between life stages of A. obliqua. The qPCR gene expression analysis revealed interesting gene expression patterns for AttA, Obp56a and Obp99c, which increases the potential of these genes being involved in the reproductive process. Obp56a showed a higher expression in virgin females in contrast to postmating, whereas AttA and Obp99c showed higher expression in male in contrast to females, which may be interesting for genetic control techniques. We applied the RNAi silencing technique with AttA and Obp99c, aiming to generate information about the participation of these genes in reproduction. Thus, our results pointed for three candidate genes that could be interesting for population control techniques, with potential of being involved in the reproductive process, which stimulates further researches in Anastrepha obliqua.
A maioria das espécies do gênero Anastrepha é endêmica à região neotropical e diversas têm importância econômica por causar grandes prejuízos às culturas de frutos. O Brasil tem baixa inserção no mercado internacional de frutas frescas devido às exigências por produtos de qualidade e sem resíduos de agrotóxicos, o que força o aprimoramento das técnicas de controle de insetospraga. Uma das alternativas é a Técnica do Inseto Estéril (SIT), que visa à redução da população da praga pela liberação em massa de insetos estéreis. Porém, a esterilização por radiação traz muitos efeitos colaterais, diminuindo a competitividade dos machos liberados em relação aos machos selvagens. Por esse motivo, diferentes estratégias têm sido utilizadas como a produção de indivíduos transgênicos visando não só a esterilidade como também o aumento do vigor apresentado por esses machos em relação aos selvagens. Para isso, uma abordagem importante seria o estudo de genes envolvidos no processo reprodutivo. Neste trabalho selecionamos nove genes para estudos de expressão por qPCR candidatos de nossos dados de transcriptomas com potencial de estarem envolvidos no processo reprodutivo em Anastrepha por pertencerem a famílias já relacionadas ao processo reprodutivo, além de apresentarem expressão diferencial entre os transcriptomas de machos virgens e machos pós-cópula. Como nenhum estudo de qPCR havia sido feito ainda em Anastrepha, testamos diversos genes de referência para a normalização dos dados de expressão. Os genes rpl18, rps17 e ef1a foram considerados adequados e padronizados para estudos de expressão entre fases de vida de A. obliqua. As análises de expressão por qPCR revelaram que os genes AttA, Obp56a e Obp99c apresentam padrões de expressão interessantes para investigação e aumentam o potencial desses genes estarem de fato participando do processo reprodutivo. Obp56a apresentou maior expressão em fêmeas virgens em relação às pós-cópula. Já AttA e Obp99c apresentaram maior expressão em machos em relação às fêmeas, fato que pode ser interessante para técnicas de controle genético. Aplicamos a técnica de silenciamento por interferência por RNA nesses genes, com o objetivo de trazer informações sobre a participação desses genes na reprodução. Dessa forma nossos resultados apontam para três genes candidatos que podem ser interessantes para técnicas de controle de populações, com potencial de estar participando do processo reprodutivo o que estimula futuras investigações destes em Anastrepha obliqua.
Giudici, Michelle Catherine. "The Phenology of the Apple Maggot Fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), in the Southern Appalachians." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03162006-082548/.
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