Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Terapia cognitiva'
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Amorim, Matheus Caiano Simões. "Terapia cognitiva construtivista e epistemologia." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/801.
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Esta pesquisa aborda o tema do arcabouço conceitual da Terapia Construtivista, e mais especificamente, de suas afiliações epistemológicas. A importância deste trabalho é baseada no fato de que o Construtivismo enquanto enfoque terapêutico é recente e inovador, e sua produção teórica têm crescido significativamente, mas suas posições epistemológicas permanecem obscuras e com poucos estudos sistematizados. Assim, torna-se uma necessidade o entendimento filosófico mais consistente e claro sobre tais posições, auxiliando os profissionais adeptos desta corrente em psicoterapia a tornar sua prática mais respaldada e consistente. O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer as posições epistemológicas assumidas explícita ou implicitamente pelos principais autores da Terapia Cognitiva Construtivista e esclarecer quais as diferenças nos pressupostos epistemológicos assumidos por estes autores. Para atingir esses objetivos foram determinados em pesquisa histórica e teórica os principais autores construtivistas. Com base nas fontes primárias dos autores em questão, foi realizada uma análise lógica das posições estabelecidas para determinar o nível de consistência de suas obras em relação à determinada teoria epistemológica declarada como base, assim como a possível existência de um núcleo básico de crenças compartilhado entre eles. O enfoque construtivista nas Terapias Cognitivas constituiu-se num marco da revolução em psicoterapia. Tal abordagem psicoterápica deve seu nome à concepção acerca dos processos de obtenção do conhecimento como sendo primariamente afetivos; assim como uma concepção acerca do ser humano como ativo, e não passivo, na construção dos significados na experiência vivida, de modo que esta concepção impõe uma série de mudanças e especificidades na prática psicoterápica. A psicoterapia construtivista apresenta importantes diferenças em suas bases epistemológicas, de maneira que os pressupostos que dizem respeito à relação observador/observado, sujeito/objeto, à noção de realidade, conhecimento e verdade, enfim, aos aspectos da interação entre organismo e ambiente apresentam grandes variações. Sendo assim, o construtivismo compartilha uma instância epistemológica comum, e mesmo havendo diferenças perceptíveis entre as várias terapias sistêmicas, elas concordam em considerar o conhecimento como um processo de construção, em vez de uma representação direta da realidade. Considerando que o conhecimento do mundo externo é ativamente construído pelo sujeito observador num dado contexto social, a ideia de que existe um conhecimento totalmente verdadeiro acerca da realidade desaparece. Dessa forma, a formulação de que a realidade pode ser interpretada de várias maneiras é partilhada por muitos construtivistas. Os terapeutas construtivistas, então, rejeitam os pressupostos do objetivismo tradicional de forma que uma psicoterapia construtivista não acredita na existência de apenas uma avaliação da realidade e que nenhum nível de conhecimento possa ser, em última análise, validado por qualquer autoridade absoluta.
This research addresses the issue of the conceptual framework of Constructivist Therapy, and more specifically, its epistemological affiliations. The importance of this work is based on the fact that constructivism as a therapeutic approach is new and innovative, and their theoretical production has grown significantly, but their epistemological positions remain unclear and few systematic studies. Thus, it becomes a necessity as consistent and clear position on such philosophical understanding, helping the supporters of this current in psychotherapy professionals make their most supported and consistent practice. The objective of this work is to establish the explicitly or implicitly assumed epistemological positions by the main authors of Constructivist Cognitive Therapy and clarify the differences in the epistemological assumptions made by these authors. To achieve these goals were determined in historical and theoretical research leading constructivist authors. Based on the primary sources of the authors in question, a logical analysis of the positions set out to determine the level of consistency of their works in relation to certain declared epistemological theory as a basis was provided as well as the possible existence of a basic core beliefs shared between them. The constructivist approach in Cognitive Therapies constituted a landmark revolution in psychotherapy. This psychotherapeutic approach owes its name to the conception of the processes of obtaining knowledge as being primarily affective, as well as a conception of the human being as active, not passive, in the construction of meanings in lived experience, so that this conception imposes a series of changes and specificities in psychotherapeutic practice. The constructivist psychotherapy presents important differences in their epistemological foundations, so that the assumptions concerning the relative observer/observed, subject/object, to the notion of reality, knowledge and truth, in short, the aspects of the interaction between organism and environment present major variations. Thus, constructivism shares a common epistemological instance, and even with noticeable differences between the various systemic therapies, they agree to consider knowledge as a process of construction, rather than a direct representation of reality. Whereas knowledge of the external world is actively constructed by observing subject in a given social context, the idea that there is a totally true knowledge about reality disappears. Thus, the formulation of that reality can be interpreted in many ways is shared by many constructivists. Constructivist therapists then reject the assumptions of traditional objectivism so that constructivist psychotherapy does not believe in the existence of only one measure of reality and that no level of knowledge can be ultimately validated by any absolute authority.
Gonçalves, Carlos Henrique. "A terapia cognitiva e a teoria cognitiva da emoção de Lazarus." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/841.
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Este trabalho investiga a influência da teoria da emoção de Richard Lazarus sobre a Terapia Cognitiva (TC) de Aaron Beck. As primeiras abordagens denominadas cognitivo-comportamentais, com foco nos processos cognitivos, surgiram no período em que, segundo alguns autores, ocorreu a chamada revolução cognitiva. A TC de Aaron Beck é uma das que mais se destacaram nesse movimento. Em seu modelo cognitivo, Beck sustenta que a percepção dos eventos influenciam as emoções e os comportamentos, e defende a primazia da cognição sobre processos emocionais. Concomitantemente, a emoção começa a ser investigada experimentalmente, colocando em evidência o problema da relação entre cognição e emoção. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise teórica, procurou-se revisar o estado do conceito de emoção na Psicologia dando ênfase à teoria da emoção de Lazarus. Como resultado apontamos o papel da emoção, tanto para Lazarus quanto para Beck, como fonte de informação dos processos psicodinâmicos, apesar de postularem a primazia da cognição e comungarem da visão construtivista do conhecimento. A semelhança entre a visão conceitual das emoções básicas: raiva, ansiedade e tristeza e seus modelos de acionamento, a utilização dos conceitos de Lazarus de avaliação primária e secundária na TC, a possibilidade de controle da emoção pela razão e o conceito de empatia, foram pontos levantados como influências diretas de Lazarus sobre a TC. Verificou-se ainda ao final do estudo, o movimento atual de Beck em buscar compatibilizar a TC com os resultados da neuropsicologia e em se aproximar de teorias que privilegiam a emoção, o que pode ser observado em sua Teoria dos Modos.
This paper investigates the influence of the theory of emotion from Richard Lazarus on the Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy (CT). The first called ‘cognitive-behavioral’ approaches, focused on cognitive processes, emerged in the period, which, according to some authors, the so-called ‘cognitive revolution’ occurred. The Aaron Beck’s TC is one of the most outstanding in this movement. In his cognitive model, Beck argues that the perception of events influence emotions and behaviors, and defends the primacy of cognition over emotional processes. Concomitantly, emotion begins to be experimentally investigated, highlighting the problem of the relationship between cognition and emotion. Through literature research and theoretical analysis, we sought to review the status of the concept of emotion in psychology emphasizing the theory of emotion from Lazarus. As a result, we point out the role of emotion, both for Lazarus and for Beck, as a source of information to psychodynamic processes, meanwhile positing the primacy of cognition and the constructivist view of knowledge. The similarity between the conceptual views of basic emotions: anger, anxiety and sadness and their drive models, the use of Lazarus primary and secondary evaluation concepts on CT, the ability to control emotion by reason and the concept of empathy, points direct influences from Lazarus on TC. It is also pointed at the end of the study the current movement of Beck in seeking conciliation with the results of neuropsychology and with theories that emphasize emotion, what is seen in his Theory of Modes.
Rocha, Natália Quintela. "A teoria da personalidade na terapia congitiva de Aaron Beck." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2314.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo inventariar as teses sobre personalidade de Aaron Beck e realizar uma análise em relação ao estado em que se encontra a teoria da personalidade de sua abordagem. O campo teórico da Terapia Cognitiva é um tanto negligenciado e possui ainda muitas lacunas, sendo o da teoria da personalidade uma das principais. Para analisar o estado atual do problema na TC, primeiramente descrevemos alguns critérios de teoria científica e da personalidade, além de apresentar brevemente uma discussão e histórico sobre o conceito de personalidade e suas teorias. Posteriormente descrevemos as teses de Beck a partir dos modelos que ele apresentou ao longo de sua obra, sendo o primeiro deles o modelo de depressão, que foi elaborado inicialmente por Beck para explicar e tratar pacientes deprimidos, o segundo o modelo de psicopatologia, em que o autor propõe uma expansão da teoria original para outros transtornos psiquiátricos com poucas alterações na estrutura teórica básica, e o terceiro o modelo modal, sua recente proposta teórica com a apresentação e incorporação de novos conceitos e hipóteses à teoria original, que surge como tentativa de resolver alguns problemas levantados por Beck e seus críticos. Por fim, realizamos a avaliação das teses encontradas. Concluímos que apesar de as teses de Beck sobre personalidade serem relevantes e consistentes, não constituem ainda uma teoria da personalidade completa, pois existem nela lacunas importantes. As principais delas se referem ao posicionamento em relação a uma teoria da motivação e a uma teoria explícita de funcionamento da personalidade não patológica.
This research aims to survey the Aaron Beck’s thesis about personality and analyse the state of the theory of personality in his approach. The theoretical framework of Cognitive Therapy is somewhat neglected and still has many gaps, especially in personality theory. To analyze the current state of this problem in the Cognitive Therapy, we first described some criteria of scientific theory and personality theory, and briefly present a discussion about the concept of personality and its theories. Later we described Beck's thesis from the models he showed throughout his work, the first of them, his model of depression, which was originally developed by Beck to explain and treat depressed patients.The second, the psychopathology model , in which the author proposes an expansion of the original theory to other psychiatric disorders with little change in the basic theoretical framework, and the third is the modal model, his recent theoretical proposal in which he presented and incorporated new concepts and hypotheses to the original theory. This model appears as an attempt to solve some problems in TC raised by Beck himself and by his critics. Finally, we evaluate the thesis found. We conclude that although Beck's thesis about personality are relevant and consistent, don't constitute a complete theory of personality, because of important gaps. The main of them refer to a lack of a theory of motivation and an explicit theory of nonpathological personality.
Souza, Cláudia Luísa Sena Gomes de. "Construção e análise psicométrica do questionário de distorções cognitivas, versão para adolescentes - (CD-Quest-T)." Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/22542.
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O CD-Quest (Questionário de Distorções Cognitivas) é um questionário que identifica equívocos lógicos ou distorções cognitivas e é utilizado como instrumento na Terapia Cognitivo-Processual (TCP). O objetivo deste estudo é construir e analisar as propriedades psicométricas do CD-Quest-T, versão para adolescentes em uma amostra de 299 estudantes entre 11 e 17 anos de escolas públicas e privadas em Salvador/BA. Na fase de construção, os itens foram reduzidos de 15 itens para 8 itens e a linguagem foi adaptada para essa faixa etária, a estrutura continuou idêntica a original, que passou pela avaliação de 5 juízes. Na avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do CD-Quest-T, o questionário foi divido para análise em uma escala total e duas subescalas de frequência e intensidade. A consistência interna na escala total foi de (α=0,77). Foi utilizado o SCARED-R (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- Revised) e CDI (Children's Depression Inventory) para avaliar a validade convergente, o que confirma a confiabilidade e fidedignidade do instrumento. Portanto, o CD-Quest-T apresenta propriedades psicométricas adequadas e satisfatórias
Oyama, Silvia Maria Ribeiro. "A Teoria Cognitiva Comportamental na intervenção telefônica para cessação do tabagismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-24022011-134134/.
Full textCognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) has been used in programs for stopping smoking and has shown satisfactory results in their application. The telephone approach has also been used in the access to smokers, this use is recent and its effectiveness is not yet consolidated. In Brazil, there is no record for dealing in telephone approach to smoker (CBT), so this study is aimed to verify the effectiveness for stopping smoking based on the use of both. Therefore, the profile of the tobacco user and nicotine dependence were assessed using a questionnaire after the time control, intervention and six months after the end of the approach. 101 members of UBS in the state of Sao Paulo were enrolled in the program. Each person received eight contacts with an average duration of forty minutes, which dealt with the identification and analysis of automatic thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs, functional behavior analysis and use of techniques to change behavior. Results showed an immediate withdrawal of 67.3% (p = 0.001) and 37.6% after six months of abstinence. We observed a significant reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (p = 0.001) and decreased nicotine dependence measured by the test of nicotine dependence, Fargeström test (p = 0.001). There has been an association between sex of participants and the study\'s outcome. These results suggest effectiveness of using a protocol based on Cognitive Behavioral Theory in telephone intervention for stopping smoking in this population
Fioravante, Melissa Gevezier. "Uma análise comparativa entre a Terapia Cognitiva de Aaron Beck e a Terapia do Esquema de Jeffrey Young." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6932.
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Este estudo tem por objetivo dissertar sobre as confluências e divergências teóricas entre a Terapia Cognitiva de Aaron Beck e a Terapia do Esquema de Jeffrey Young. Nos últimos 30 anos, surgiu um esforço de alargamento das terapias cognitivas para atender pacientes com patologias graves e com transtornos de personalidade, pois esses casos acabavam por não responder, de maneira satisfatória, ao tratamento de terapia cognitiva tradicional. Dentro desta perspectiva, as diferentes abordagens são definidas em 1ª geração e 2ª geração de terapias cognitivas. A distinção entre ambas as gerações ocorre na adaptação de três pontos importantes: conceitual, estrutural e de processo. Atualmente, observa-se o crescimento de Terapias Cognitivas com proposta integrativa, às quais, além de apresentarem características pertencentes as três abordagens, somam-se preocupações pertinentes às diferenças culturais e espiritualidade. A Terapia dos Esquemas surgiu em 1990 para tratar pacientes com transtornos de personalidade ou transtornos mais severos e arraigados. Através deste estudo, buscou-se analisar as semelhanças e divergências entre os conceitos e hipóteses usados em ambas as teorias: o conceito de “esquema”, o papel da emoção, perspectiva de tratamento para pacientes com transtorno de personalidade e pacientes caracteriológicos ou com transtornos crônicos, o modelo modal e a relação terapêutica e escalas utilizadas. Analisando o conceito de esquema na Terapia do Esquema, observa-se que a definição é significativamente vaga. Quanto à origem dos esquemas disfuncionais, a Terapia Cognitiva aponta para uma falha no processamento de informação diante das situações vivenciadas na realidade. Já a Teoria do Esquema, os esquemas pessoais refletem com bastante precisão o seu ambiente remoto. Quanto ao aspecto relacionado à relação terapêutica, Young apropria-se da ideia de “experiência emocional corretiva” de Alexander e French para dar formas ao seu constructo denominado reparação parental limitada, cujo objetivo é diminuir conflitos remotos através da relação terapêutica, causados por necessidades emocionais não supridas. Diferentemente, a Terapia Cognitiva de Beck aponta para o papel importante da relação terapêutica, defendendo o papel do terapeuta como conselheiro ou modelo, nos casos de pacientes com Transtorno de Personalidade, não objetivando a resolução de conflitos emocionais remotos.
This study aims to work on the confluences and divergences between the theoretical Aaron Beck’ Cognitive Therapy and Jeffrey Young’ Schema Therapy. Over the past 30 years, there has been a broadening effort from cognitive therapies to assist patients with serious illnesses and personality disorders, because these cases ended up in not respond satisfactorily to the treatment of traditional cognitive therapy. Within this perspective, the different approaches are defined in "1st generation" and "2nd generation" cognitive therapies. The distinction between the two generations of adaptation occurs in three major issues: conceptual, structural and process. Currently, there is growth of integrative Cognitive Therapies, which, besides having the three characteristics of all three approaches, add to the concerns about cultural differences and spirituality. Schema Therapy emerged in 1990 to treat patients with personality disorders or those with more severe or entrenched disorders. Through this study, we sought to examine the similarities and differences between the hypothesis and concepts used in both theories: the concept of "scheme", the role of emotion, the prospective treatment for patients with personality disorder or with chronic disorders, the modal model, the therapeutic relationship and the scales. Analyzing the concept of schema in Schema Therapy, it is observed that the definition is significantly vague. Regarding the origin of dysfunctional schemas, Cognitive Therapy points to a failure in the information processing at the situations experienced in reality. Regarding the Theory of Schema, personal schemes reflect quite accurately your remote environment. About the therapeutic relationship, Young appropriates the idea of "corrective emotional experience" from Alexander and French to shape his construct called “limited parental repair”, whose goal is to reduce remote conflicts through the therapeutic relationship, caused by unmet emotional needs. Differently, the Beck Cognitive Therapy points to the important role of the therapeutic relationship, defending the role of counselor or therapist as model in cases of patients with personality disorder, not aiming at the resolution of remote emotional conflicts.
Saffi, Fabiana. "Avaliação de terapia cognitiva-comportamental para prevenção de reincidência penitenciária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-31082009-152701/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The idea of rehabilitating individuals after they have committed an antisocial act came about during the Enlightenment. Nowadays, a lot of researches have been done to realize the efficacy of offenders social rehabilitation. However, in Brazil don´t exist studies systematized for prison population. As a result of this a therapeutic intervention for prevention of prison recidivism was systematized. METHODS: The technique used in this program is cognitive-behavioral therapy, composed of 10 structured meetings. The group of subjects in the study comprehended 43 inmates (20 of them from the control group and 23 from the experimental group) who served their terms in medium security prisons, and who were serving, at least, their second term. A directed interview and some questionnaires or scales were applied both before and after the program. Results: Regarding re-offense, when we compare accumulated monthly rate, we cannot see statistic difference neither of all the subjects that started the program or those that finished the program. Based on analysis of the data collected it can be asserted that: the Penitentiary Re-offense Prevention Program reduces the fear of negative evaluation; participants in the control group had a decreased score in the Stress and Social Escape Scale; inmates who finished the program had a greater score in the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, a greater fear of a negative evaluation at the beginning of the program and a greater score in the Stress and Social Escape Scale. Subjects that re-offended at least one year after the end of the program showed a tendency to have a lower score in the Self-esteem Scale before the intervention. Those who were in the control group and re-offended showed tendency to have lower fear of a negative evaluation before the beginning of the program and had the lowest score rate in the Stress and Social Escape Scale, following the program. For inmates who finished the program and re-offense, the intervention caused a decrease on the results of the score in the Stress and Social Escape Scale, and a trend towards a decrease in the Questionnaire on Automatic Thoughts. Among the non-re-offenders there is a noticeable trend in reducing negative evaluation after the program. The non-re-offenders who were members of the experimental group showed a tendency to have a lower score in fear of a negative evaluation scale. CONCLUSION: From this study it was noted that cognitive therapy for preventing of prison recidivism, although they had some positive results, such as reducing the fear of negative evaluation needs to be revised and recast.
Duran, Érica Panzani. "Eficácia da terapia cognitiva processual no transtorno de estresse pós-traumático." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-20042016-163324/.
Full textObjective: To evaluate the efficacy of Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy in the improvement of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Study design - Randomized study with two parallel groups. Interventions - Two Models of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy (TBCT) and Exposure (patients received pharmacological treatment). Duration and frequency: After the initial assessment (week 0), psychotherapy sessions were held weekly for eleven weeks and twice a week for four weeks, a total of thirteen (13) sessions. Psychotherapy sessions were one (1) hour long. Patients were reassessed after three months. Total Duration: 13 sessions of treatment and three months follow-up. Number of Participants: Convenience sample involveing 86 patients, 42 in the exposure group and 44 in the TrialBased Therapy group. Results and Conclusion: Both groups improved, but improvements in the symptoms of PTSD depression and anxiety were not statistically significant among the two treatment groups (p > 0.1; p > 0.2). These results suggest that Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy is as effective as the gold standard Exposure
Félix, Ana Luísa da Silva. "Intervenção cognitiva em adolescentes com fobia social." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23125.
Full textIntrodução: A perturbação de ansiedade é caracterizada pelo medo intenso de situações sociais nas quais o indivíduo pode ser avaliado por um público. Os modelos cognitivos que pretendem explicar a perturbação baseiam-se na importância dos sintomas cognitivos (e.g., pensamentos automáticos negativos, distorções cognitivas, crenças), focando-se na importância da mudança cognitiva como promotora da subsequente mudança comportamental. Objetivos: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o impacto da mudança cognitiva na sintomatologia da ansiedade social em adolescentes diagnosticados com perturbação de ansiedade social e contribuir para o campo de estudo das terapias empiricamente validadas, com foco especial na adolescência. Em particular, foi considerada a mudança ao nível da sintomatologia cognitiva. Métodos: Este estudo contou com um screening prévio a uma amostra alargada, de onde resultou a seleção de um grupo restrito de adolescentes com níveis elevados de ansiedade social autorrelatada, cujos membros foram individualmente avaliados via entrevista de diagnóstico clínico estandardizada. Após selecionados para o estudo, os participantes foram aleatoriamente divididos pelos grupos de intervenção e lista de espera. Depois do tempo de espera, ambos os grupos foram intervencionados de acordo com um programa de intervenção cognitiva composto por seis sessões. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 10 participantes, dos quais quarto fizeram também parte da lista de espera. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa na alteração sintomatológica desde o início até ao final do programa, todavia os participantes autoavaliaram-se como mais aptos para performances sociais (p<.05) e mais recuperados quanto aos pensamentos ruminativos. Discussão/Conclusão: A ausência de resultados estatisticamente significativos mostra a ineficácia de um programa que aplica de forma isolada apenas a terapia cognitiva. Estes resultados vão de encontro aos estudos já realizados que sugerem que a terapia cognitiva-comportamental é a mais eficaz para o tratamento da perturbação de ansiedade social.
Introduction: Anxiety disorder is characterized by intense fear of social situations in which the individual can be assessed by an audience. Cognitive models that attempt to explain the disorder are based on the importance of cognitive symptoms (e.g., negative automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, beliefs), focusing on the importance of cognitive change as a promoter of subsequent behavioural change. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of cognitive change on social anxiety symtoms in adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and to contribute to the knowlegde of empirically validated therapies with a particular focus on adolescence. In particular, the change of cognitive symptoms. Methods: The study subjects were previously screened from a large sample, through a standardized clinical diagnosis interview, which resulted in the selection of a restricted group of adolescents with high levels of self-reported social anxiety. The selected participants were randomly divided into intervention group and waiting list. After the waiting time, both groups were enrolled in a cognitive intervention program of six weekly sessions. Results: The sample consisted of 10 participants, of which four were also part of the waiting list. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the symptom change from the baseline to the end of the program, however, the participants assessed themselves as more suitable for social performances (p <.05) and more recovered as far as ruminal thoughts were concerned. Discussion/Conclusion: The absence of statistically significant results shows the inefficacy of a program that applies only cognitive therapy alone. These results are in line with previous studies that suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective treatment for social anxiety disorder.
Holdefer, Lisiane. "Associação da terapia de retreinamento do zumbido com a terapia cognitivo comportamental no tratamento do zumbido." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/7932.
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Embora os tratamentos em grupos para o zumbido sejam uma área bem documentada na literatura internacional, até onde se sabe, nunca foi documentada no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar pacientes com zumbido antes e depois do tratamento em grupo estruturado com base na terapia de retreinamento do zumbido e na terapia cognitivo comportamental. Quanto aos pacientes e métodos, adotou-se o estudo de coorte prospectivo, no qual 56 sujeitos foram recrutados para a pesquisa, respondendo ao Inventário do Handicap do Zumbido (THI) e à escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD), antes e depois do tratamento. Foram realizadas 6 sessões estruturadas segundo os princípios da terapia de retreinamento do zumbido, associada a técnicas cognitivo comportamentais. Os resultados obtidos foram: 56 pacientes iniciaram e 37 terminaram o tratamento (19 foram excluídos); 19 (51,35%) eram homens e 18 (48,65%) e a idade média foi de 48 anos. Os resultados do THI antes e depois do tratamento foram, respectivamente: funcionais 29,4 e 13,3; emocional 23,8 e 9,4; e catastrófico 12,7 e 5,3. Os resultado da escala HAD antes e após o tratamento foram: ansiedade 11,6 e 7,7; depressão 9,4 e 5,6. Conclui-se que o tratamento descrito é efetivo na melhora do zumbido. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Introduction: Although group treatments is a known research area documented in international literature, as far as we know it has never been done in Brazil. This study is about an experience of a group treatment for tinnitus based on tinnitus retraining therapy allied with cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. We evaluated patients whit tinnitus before and after they had gone through a structures group treatment program using tinnitus retraining therapy, associated with cognitive behavioral techniques. Methods: Cohort prospective study: 56 subjects were included. They answered the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, before and after treatment. Patients went through 6 structured sessions based in the tinnitus retraining therapy associated with techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy. Results: 56 patients initiated and 37 completed the treatment (19 patients were excluded); 51,35% were males and mean age was 48 years old. The THI results before and after treatment, respectively was: functional 29,4 and 13,3; emotional 23,8 and 9,4; catastrophic 12,7 and 5,3 and HAD scale score was 11,6 and 7,7 for anxiety and 9,4 and 5,6 for depression. Conclusion: The results support the efficacy of the group treatment.
Lima, Bruna Jalles Peixoto. "Dificuldades no estabelecimento de metas em terapia cognitiva : diferenças entre psicólogos experientes e iniciantes." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/21489.
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O presente estudo foi composto por duas etapas, sendo que o objetivo da Etapa I foi identificar as dificuldades inerentes ao processo de estruturação da Lista de Problemas e Metas (LPM) entre psicoterapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais, assim como esboçar um perfil sobre a formação desses profissionais. Uma amostra de 14 psicoterapeutas (93% deles especialistas e 7% em especialização), todos agremiados a Associações Profissionais brasileiras, respondeu a um questionário online sobre o uso da LPM em TCC, que incluía os transtornos que dificultam essa prática, aspectos da abordagem terapêutica que a facilitam e a dificultam, estratégias para aperfeiçoar o desempenho nessa tarefa e uma autoavaliação de suas habilidades na execução da lista. Dentre os diversos aspectos complicadores citados, selecionou-se a subjetividade da apresentação da queixa e a associação a transtornos como elementos a serem explorados na Parte II deste estudo. Entre os aspectos relevantes para a estruturação da LPM, foram consideradas como mais relevantes a aliança terapêutica e a motivação do paciente. Quanto à formação, o perfil dos terapeutas indica profissionais que pouco investem em cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu e um maior investimento em especialização entre terapeutas com 4 a 9 anos de experiência. O objetivo da Parte II foi comparar o desempenho de terapeutas com diferentes tempos de prática (≤5,9 anos e ≥6 anos) quanto à elaboração da hipótese diagnóstica e número de metas propostas, dadas 2 versões de um caso clínico fictício de Transtorno de Personalidade Esquiva. Os casos clínicos se diferenciavam quanto ao grau de objetividade no relato do caso, sendo apresentado um caso subjetivo, onde os sintomas eram pouco explicitados e um caso objetivo, cujos sintomas foram organizados de acordo com os critérios diagnósticos descritos no DSM-5 (2014). Era esperado que terapeutas mais experientes apresentassem maior taxa de acerto quanto ao diagnóstico e um maior número de metas pertinentes em função de um conjunto mais extenso e organizado da informação armazenada na memória de longo-prazo. Por fim, foi proposta uma tarefa de autoavaliação para mensurar a dificuldade na tarefa apresentada. Os resultados não evidenciaram quaisquer diferenças significativas quanto ao número de metas propostas e medidas de autoavaliação consideradas à luz das hipóteses principais. Quanto à hipótese diagnóstica, 89% dos participantes consideraram o caso descritivo como um Transtorno de Ansiedade Social, um quadro bastante prevalente na população clínica e comórbido com o Transtorno de Personalidade Esquiva. Observou-se, no entanto, um efeito de interação na medida de autovaliação, quando consideradas conjuntamente as variáveis tempo de experiência e tipo de caso, sendo que o caso subjetivo foi avaliado como mais difícil pelo grupo de terapeutas mais experientes e o caso objetivo avaliado como mais difícil entre os terapeutas menos experientes, confirmando parcialmente a hipótese para essa interação. Os resultados foram discutidos considerando a possibilidade do presente estudo não ter considerado aspectos relativos à validade ecológica e comorbidade do transtorno. São sugeridos estudos longitudinais, aprimoramento do instrumento desenvolvido como entrevista semiestruturada e gravação de sessões reais para avaliação da competência de construção da lista. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This study consisted of two stages. The objective of Phase I was to identify the difficulties inherent to the process of structuring the Problems and Goals List (LPM) by cognitive-behavioral psychotherapists, as well as outlining a profile of their training. A sample of 14 psychotherapists (93% of experts and 7% in training), all enrolled in Brazilian professional associations, responded to an online questionnaire about the use of the LPM in therapy, disorders that hinder this practice, aspects of therapeutic approach that facilitate and hinder strategies to optimize performance in this task and made a self-assessment of their skills in the execution of the list. The most relevant aspects for structuring the LPM were the therapeutic alliance and the patient's motivation. The profile identified indicates professionals who invest little in stricto sensu postgraduate courses and increased investment in specialization among therapists with 4-9 years of experience. Among the many complicating aspects cited, the subjectivity and the association with disorders were picked to be experimentally explored in the Phase II of this study. The objective of Phase II was to compare the performance of therapists with different times of practice (≤5,9 years and ≥6 years) and the development of the diagnosis and number of proposed goals, given two versions of a fictitious clinical case of Avoidant Personality Disorder. The clinical cases differed in the degree of objectivity of the case reported, where a subjective case included the symptoms presented in a less explicited way and the objective case presented the symptoms organized accordingly to the diagnostic criteria described in the DSM-5. It was expected that more experienced therapists achieved a greater rate of success on the establishment of the diagnosis and a greater number of relevant goals due to a more extensive and organized set of information stored in long-term memory. Finally, the study proposed a self-assessment task to measure the difficulty presented in setting goals for the case. The results did not show any significant differences in the number of proposed goals and self-assessment measures considered in the light of the main hypotheses. As for the hit rate, 89% of participants classified the case as a Social Anxiety Disorder, a high prevalent case in clinical population and highly comorbid with Avoidant Personality Disorder. It was observed, however, an interaction effect on the measure of self-evaluation, when were considered together variables such as experience time and the case type. The subjective case was evaluated as more difficult by the group of experienced practitioners and objective case was evaluated as more difficult among the least experienced therapists. These results were contrary to the hypothesized expectations and were discussed evaluating the possibility of the lack of consideration due the aspects of ecological validity and the prevalence of the comorbid disorder. Longitudinal studies, an improvement of the instrument developed as semi-structured interviews and recording sessions for actual assessment of the LPM are suggested.
SILVA, Tatiana Araújo Bertulino da. "Terapia cognitivo comportamental versus psicoeducação como tratamentos em adolescentes diagnosticados com bulimia nervosa." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/20006.
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Os adolescentes aprendem em nossa sociedade que uma das características do sucesso é o corpo magro. Esta pressão social pela magreza está mais presente nas adolescentes, criando o aumento da insatisfação corporal nesta população. A insatisfação com a própria imagem corporal é o cerne dos transtornos alimentares. Entre os transtornos alimentares destaca-se a bulimia nervosa, caracterizada pelos comportamentos de compulsão alimentar associado à purgação. O tratamento clínico recomendável para a bulimia nervosa é a terapia cognitivo-comportamental, realizado por um especialista em transtornos alimentares. Outras formas de intervenção nos pacientes com transtornos alimentares também são utilizadas, entre elas a psicoeducação. O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar as possíveis diferenças entre a intervenção psicoterápica do tipo cognitivocomportamental e a intervenção psicoeducativa em adolescentes diagnosticadas com bulimia nervosa. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico, constituído de 11 adolescentes do sexo feminino entre 13 a 19 anos com diagnóstico de bulimia nervosa. Para o diagnóstico utilizou-se a entrevista clínica diagnóstica: Levantamento sobre o Desenvolvimento e Bem – Estar de Crianças e Adolescentes (DAWBA). As adolescentes foram divididas em dois grupos: controle e experimental. No grupo controle, constituído de cinco adolescentes, o tratamento utilizado foi a terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo durante 13 encontros em 12 semanas. No grupo experimental, constituído de seis adolescentes, o tratamento utilizado foi a psicoeducação em grupo, em 13 encontros semanais. As medidas primárias de eficácia no estudo foram: diminuição dos sintomas de bulimia nervosa, diminuição dos sintomas de compulsão alimentar e diminuição da insatisfação corporal. Houve diminuição de sintomas de bulimia nervosa nos dois grupos, porém não se comprovou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Em relação a compulsão alimentar não houve modificação nos sintomas em nenhum dos grupos. A insatisfação corporal foi a variável que demonstrou melhora significativa quando os grupos foram analisados em conjunto, porém não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Na terapia cognitivocomportamental é aceitável que após o tratamento da bulimia nervosa, os pacientes ainda apresentem sintomas de transtorno alimentar, como a compulsão alimentar, pois o principal objetivo é que o sistema de manutenção das crenças que mantem a bulimia nervosa seja interrompido. A psicoeducação possui como foco o aumento da satisfação com a imagem corporal, o que de fato ocorreu no estudo. A psicoeducação não foca especificamente na melhora da bulimia nervosa e de seus sintomas, como a compulsão alimentar. Apesar de estudos anteriores terem encontrado melhora na relação alimentar dos participantes de psicoeducação, além da melhora nos sintomas da insatisfação corporal. Os dois tratamentos realizados na pesquisa demonstraram diminuição de sintomas, porém essa diminuição não foi significativa em nenhum dos grupos quando avaliados individualmente. É necessária a continuação da pesquisa, com o aumento da amostra e se possível com a análise qualitativa dos dados. A pesquisa demonstrou a possibilidade da utilização da psicoeducação, em um primeiro momento, em populações não crônicas.
Teenagers learn in our society that one of the characteristics of success is a thin body. This social pressure for thinness is more prevalent among the girls, causing increased body dissatisfaction in their group. Dissatisfaction with their own body image is the core of eating disorders. Among the eating disorders, bulimia nervosa stands out, characterized by binge eating behaviors associated with purging. The recommended medical treatment for bulimia nervosa is cognitive-behavioral therapy with a specialist in eating disorders. Other forms of intervention in patients with eating disorders are also used, including psychoeducation. The goal of this study was to evaluate possible differences between the psychotherapeutic intervention of cognitive-behavioral type and the psychoeducational intervention in female teenagers diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. A clinical trial was performed, consisting of 11 female teenagers between 13 and 19 years old, all of whom were diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. The clinical interview Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) was used for the diagnosis. The teenagers were split into two groups: control and experimental. In the control group, consisting of five teenagers, the treatment used was cognitive-behavioral group therapy for 13 meetings in 12 weeks. In the experimental group, consisting of six teenagers, the treatment used was group psychoeducation, in 13 weekly meetings. The primary effectiveness measures in the study were: reduction of the symptoms of bulimia nervosa, decreased symptoms of binge eating, and decreased body dissatisfaction. There was a reduction of the symptoms of bulimia nervosa in both groups; however, no significant difference was proved between them. Regarding binge eating, there was no change in symptoms in either group. Body dissatisfaction was the variable that showed most significant improvement when the groups were analyzed together, but once again there was no significant difference between groups. In cognitive-behavioral therapy, it is acceptable that after the treatment of bulimia nervosa, patients still present symptoms of eating disorders such as binge eating, because the main goal is that the system of beliefs which sustains bulimia nervosa is interrupted. Psychoeducation, on the other hand, focuses on increasing body image satisfaction, which actually happened in the study; psychoeducation does not focus specifically on the improvement of bulimia nervosa and its symptoms, though previous studies have found an improvement in the participants' relationship with food, besides an improvement in the symptoms of body dissatisfaction. Both treatments carried out in the research showed decreased symptoms, but this decrease was not significant in either group when assessed individually. Continued research, with a larger sample and qualitative data analysis, if possible, is required. The study has shown the possibility of using psychoeducation, at first, in nonchronic populations.
Sousa, Marcelo Basso de. "Terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo e sertralina no tratamento do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5548.
Full textBraga, Daniela Tusi. "Terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo para o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo : 2 anos de acompanhamento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8773.
Full textObjective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disorder with high rates of relapse according to longitudinal studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) for OCD over a 2-years follow-up period. Method: Forty-two OCD patients, who completed 12 sessions of CBGT, were followed for 2-years. Measures of the severity of symptoms were obtained after the acute treatment, and at 3, 6,12, 18 and 24 months after CBGT using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). The group of patients that improved with CBGT (n=31) (reduction > 35% in Y-BOCS), was evaluated for maintenance of therapeutic response and relapse at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the end of the treatment. It was considered maintenance of therapeutic response if the patient had no changes in Y-BOCS and CGI, and relapse if the patient that improved with the therapy had an increase > 35% in Y-BOCS and CGI > 2 during the follow-up period. Full remission was considered if the patient present score<8 in the Y-BOCS and CGI<2, and partial remission if there was a reduction > 35% in the Y-BOCS, but the total score of this rating scale was > 8. Results: The reduction on the severity of symptoms observed at the end of the treatment was maintained during 2 years (F2;41=0,999; P=0,409). Two years afer CBGT 13 patients (31%) showed full remission. Thirteen patients (41,9%) relapsed in the follow up period. The intensity of improvement (Log Rank=13,39, GL=1, P=0.0003) and full remission (Log Rank=7,88; GL=1; P=0.005) were strong predictors for non-relapsing. Conclusions: CBGT can be considered an effective treatment for OCD, and its results are maintained for 2-years period follow-up.
Niederauer, Kátia Gomes. "Impacto da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo na qualidade de vida de pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo : acompanhamento de um ano." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10739.
Full textObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disabling chronic disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that occupies great part of the individual’s day. OCD symptoms cause high distress and discomfort to patients. Studies about cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) in OCD patients have increased, as besides being effective it is also very accessible and low-cost, allowing a higher number of patients to benefit in a shorter period of time. However, there is a lack of studies assessing its short and long term impacts and benefits on the quality of life of OCD patients.To assess the impact of CBGT on the quality of life of patients for one year and to verify if there is an association between the intensity in the improvement of symptoms and quality of life of patients. Most affected areas were also investigated.Eighty-two outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for OCD recruited from the Anxiety Disorders Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), were followed for one year after completing twelve CBGT sessions. Quality of life was assessed through the World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref Form (WHOQOL-BREF) and OCD severity was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Such instruments were applied in three different moments: before CBGT, soon after and after one year of completion. CBGT significantly (p<0.001) improved domains of quality of life, and such an improvement persisted during the following year after therapy completion. Patients with higher reduction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were shown to have higher quality of life scores after the period. Obsessions had higher interference on quality of life than compulsions, and patients with obsessions remission had higher quality of life improvement. Most affected areas were psychological well-being, followed by social relations.CBGT had a considerable impact on the quality of life of patients, promoting significant and longlasting improvement of patients’ quality of life and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Obsessions were shown to be more deeply associated to quality of life; therefore, focusing on the treatment of obsession and developing strategies to remit its symptoms will help improve the quality of life of OCD patients.
Zimmer, Marilene. "Avaliação de um programa de terapia cognitivo comportamental para pacientes com esquizofrenia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8464.
Full textThere is evidence for positive results on the employment of the Integrated Psychological Therapy Program (IPT) for schizophrenia from different areas of countries like Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Spain, the United States, and Canada, as well as a noted absence of Brazil-performed studies in this area. After the discovery of research on new pharmaceuticals for schizophrenia treatments we are faced with the need of finding newer and more adequate techniques to help into the lessening of those disorder-caused handicaps and flaws on the social behavior of such patients that are affected by this illness. However, in the absence of standardized psychosocial rehabilitation programs, the need arises for effect measuring of those therapy programs that are currently being employed, for which the request by patients and their families has been progressively growing. GOALS: The main target for this study is that of testing the IPT effects upon schizophrenic patients in a large Southern Brazilian urban center. As part of the process specific objectives were generated, as following a literature survey and data collection, the three of which all originated scientific papers. Paper #1 -- A three-year-long naturalistic study on the employment of IPT; paper #2 -- A determination of IPT variables associated with subjective perception by schizophrenic patients treated by this technique in three different Southern Brazilian health centers; paper #3 -- An assessment on effect differences upon cognitive, social, and family functioning, as well as life quality perception among schizophrenic patients subjected to a randomized clinical experiment consisting of 12-session IPT-program intervention as compared to the usual treatment. METHODS: The first study underwent a retrospective-evaluation naturalistic design; the second, employed qualitative content analysis, all the while the third was a randomized clinical assay. In all the aforementioned studies, the patients had been diagnosed as schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, while their age brackets ranged between 18 and 65 years. The first study was performed in a private facility. The second spanned participants from three different health centers, to wit, the Instituto de Capacitação e Reorientação Ocupacional [Qualification and Occupational Rehabilitation Institute] - ICARO - from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state; the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial do HCPA/Porto Alegre [the Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital Psychosocial Care Center] and the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Tubarão [Tubarão Psychosocial Care Center] of Tubarão, Santa Catarina state. And the third study was conducted with patients from the HCPA's Programa de Esquizofrenia e Demências [Schizophrenia and Dementiae Program] (Prodesq). RESULTS: In a succinct way, results from these three studies afforded evidences of positive IPT clinical effect upon Southern Brazil schizophrenic patients, allowing for a 12-session of IPT application. Paper #1 resulted into evidencing a more positive response of schizophrenic patients as compared to those bearing bipolar humor disorder, as refers to those subjects who participated in a psychosocial rehabilitation program employing IPT-based cognitive-behavioral technique. Paper #2 resulted on a perception of the adequacy of this treatment, along with a suggestion for the withdrawal of the following steps: the Cognitive Differentiation Subprogram (conceptual verbal systems, conceptual hierarchies, synonyms, antonyms, word definition, word cards, sorting of words bearing different meanings according to their contexts) and the Verbal Communication Subprogram (self-formulated sentence repeating according to their meaning, self-directed questioning with pertinent replies, group interview of one of their participants, and free communication), according to evidence gleaned from qualitative analysis of specific patient verbalization contents within discussion groups. Finally, Paper #3 shows positive results for a randomized clinical experiment within a universe of 56 patients diagnosed as CID-10 Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective disorder, comparing their functioning (social, familiar, cognitive) results with their own perception of their life quality in a universe of 20 patients given IPT-program sessions plus the usual treatment as compared to a control group of 36 patients receiving only the usual standard treatment. CONCLUSION: The mean effect found in these studies seems to correspond with those findings reached to in other countries' studies (effect size average = 0.8). According to the studies' results it was rendered possible to verify that an IPT 12-week intervention affords positive effects upon the assessed areas as in comparison to the usual standard treatment. Therefore, grounded on these findings, the designing of further and broader studies is suggested, into which more segment time and the comparison to other techniques should be added as well as the need for wider diffusion of this technique is indicated, which could be accomplished by means of the training of Mental Health public network teams.
Heldt, Elizeth Paz da Silva. "Terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo para pacientes com transtorno de pânico resistentes à medicação : preditores de resposta em até cinco anos de seguimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8540.
Full textINTRODUCTION Panic disorder (PD) is a chronic and recurrent condition characterized by the presence of sudden panic attacks, accompanied by physical and psychological symptoms, as well as by the fear of having a new attack and by the avoidance of places or situations in which the patients have experienced the panic attacks. Pharmacotherapy is frequently the first choice treatment; however 50 to 80% of those patients continue symptomatic after the use of medication. Studies have suggested that individual or group cognitive behavior-therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment strategy for patients with PD who have failed responding to the pharmacological treatment. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to the identification of predictor factors that are associated to the longterm outcome. OBJECTIVE To identify the predictors of outcome to cognitive-behavior group therapy (CBGT) for PD up to five years after the end of the treatment and to evaluate the impact of that treatment response in patients’ quality of life. METHODS The participants come from the Anxiety Disorders Program of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. All patients have PD diagnosis with or without agoraphobia, according to the DSM-IV criteria and had undergone through 12 session protocol of CBGT, from 1998 to 2004. In order to be included in the study, patients should present residual symptoms of PD (panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety and phobic avoidance) and should be on stable doses of medication for at least four months. To confirm the PD diagnosis and to identify the presence of comorbidity, the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI) was used. The Panic Inventory, Global Clinical Impression (CGI) and Hamilton-Anxiety (HAM-A) instruments were used before and after the 12 sessions of CBGT in order to evaluate the severity of the PD, as well as in one, two and five years follow-up period. The quality of life and the defensive style mechanisms were also assessed through self-applied instruments (WHOQOL-bref and DSQ-40, respectively). Demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics were evaluated as potential predictors of response in short and long term. The outcome measures were: remission, when CGI ≤ 2 and there was absence of panic attacks, relapse when CGI ≥ 3 or when there was presence of panic attacks, after a remission period and non-response were considered when patients present CGI ≥ 3 or panic attacks without having experienced remission. RESULTS Ninety patients (14 groups, 7 participants’ average) completed the CBGT protocol. The sample was characterized by presenting comorbidity with mood disorder and other anxiety disorders. The reduction of the symptoms (anticipatory anxiety and phobic avoidance, general anxiety, panic attacks and overall functioning) reach statistical significance (p < 0.001) in up to five years after the end of the therapy. However, a subgroup of patients presented a less favorable response, either with relapses of PD after a year of therapy or non-response at all to CBGT. The predictors of relapse were recent stressful life events, mainly interpersonal conflicts, and the use of neurotic defenses. Comorbidity with dysthymia and stressful life events were independent predictors of non-response to CBGT in five years follow-up period. The results corroborate that residual symptoms of PD, as anticipatory anxiety and agoraphobia (p < 0.05), have a larger negative impact in the patients’ quality of life than episodic panic attacks. Finally, patients who do not respond to CBGT in five years also account for the worst quality of life in all of the domains compared to the ones who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS CBGT was effective as a next step in patients with PD resistant to the pharmacological treatment, with the maintenance of the gains through the time. The comorbidity with dysthymia, the occurrence of life stressful events and the way that an individual deal with these situations seems to influence the response to CBGT. New strategies could be added to the current protocol.
Santos, Junior Randolfo dos. "Terapia cognitivo comportamental em grupo para pacientes com dor crônica." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/416.
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The assessment and management of chronic pain are an important focus of attention, since these are pointed out as a major cause of disability and demand for health care.Objective: To evaluate the self-efficacy and indicators of anxiety and depression in patients diagnosed with chronic pain in two forms of treatment: a) structured program of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in group; B) control group who undergone the usual treatment of the institution.Materials and Methods: Adult patients of both genders at the beginning of care in the Pain Clinics. Those who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study were randomized to allocation in the Experimental Group (EG) or Control Group (CG). All participants were evaluated in three moments: initial evaluation, reassessment and follow-up. They answered the following instruments: Questionnaire on clinical and sociodemographic data; Self-Efficacy Scale for Chronic Pain; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Numeric Pain Rating Scale; Inventory of Attitudes and Beliefs Facing Chronic Pain. The experimental group received, besides the habitual treatment provided by the institution, 10 sessions of Cognitive-Behavioral intervention in group. The control group received the usual treatment provided by the Pain Clinics. Results:A total of 114 adult patients undergoing chronic pain treatment participated in the first part of this study. Data pointed out high indicators of anxiety (53%) and depression (55%), in addition to low self-efficacy (63%). Low self-efficacy was associated with beliefs and dysfunctional attitudes towards pain and to higher indicators of anxiety and depression were observed. In the second part of the study, all participants were randomized into two groups: Experimental Group (EG) and Control Group (CG) . Fifty-seven patients participated in all the stages of this part of the study, 31 in EG and 26 in CG. Comparing the two groups according to the follow-up, the results showed that the experimental group had significantly higher self-efficacy scores (p <0.026) and. significantly lower anxiety scores (p < 0 , 01) and depression (p <0.023).Conclusion: In this study, the cognitive-behavioral therapy in group has improved important benefits for patients with chronic pain, playing on their beliefs and attitudes toward pain, anxiety management and reduction on depression indicators.
A avaliação e o manejo da dor crônica constituem importante foco de atenção, uma vez que são apontadas como uma das principais causas de incapacidade e de procura por cuidados de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar autoeficácia e indicadores de ansiedade e depressão em pacientes com diagnóstico de dor crônica alocados em duas modalidades de tratamento: a) programa estruturado de Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental em grupo; b) grupo controle, que recebeu o tratamento habitual fornecido pela instituição. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos, em início de atendimento na Clínica da Dor. Aqueles que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e concordaram em participar do estudo foram randomizados para alocação no Grupo Experimental (GE) ou no Grupo Controle (GC). Todos os participantes foram avaliados em três momentos: avaliação inicial, reavaliação e seguimento. Responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de dados clínicos e sociodemográficos; Escala de Autoeficácia para Dor Crônica; Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão; Escala Numérica de Dor; Inventário de Atitudes e Crenças Diante da Dor Crônica. O grupo experimental recebeu, além do tratamento habitual fornecido pela instituição, 10 sessões de intervenção Cognitivo Comportamental em grupo. O grupo controle recebeu o tratamento habitual, oferecido pela Clínica da Dor. Resultados: Participaram da primeira parte deste estudo 114 pacientes adultos em tratamento de dor crônica. Os dados apontaram indicadores elevados de ansiedade (53%) e depressão (55%), além de baixa autoeficácia (63%). Observou-se que a baixa autoeficácia está associada às crenças e atitudes disfuncionais diante da dor e a indicadores mais elevados de ansiedade e depressão. Na segunda parte do estudo, todos os participantes foram distribuídos por meio de randomização em dois grupos: Grupo Experimental (GE) e Grupo Controle (GC). Participaram de todas as etapas desta parte do estudo 57 participantes, sendo 31 no GE e 26 no GC. Comparando-se os dois grupos no que se refere ao seguimento, os resultados apontaram que o grupo experimental apresentou em relação ao grupo controle, escores significativamente maiores de autoeficácia (p < 0,026) e, significativamente,menores de ansiedade (p < 0,01) e depressão (p < 0,023). Conclusão: Neste estudo, a Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental em grupo promoveu benefícios importantes aos pacientes com dor crônica, atuando em suas crenças e atitudes diante da dor, manejo de ansiedade e redução nos indicadores de depressão.
Caetano, Kátia Alessandra de Souza. "Eficácia da terapia cognitiva processual no tratamento do transtorno de ansiedade social: avaliação de um ensaio clínico randomizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-26062017-233129/.
Full textDifferent randomized clinical trials show that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is highly effective in the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). However, a large number of patients do not show improvement after receiving CBT. This indicates that it is important to develop new treatments for SAD. Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy (TBCT) is a new approach within the field of CBT area. It aims to help patients to identify and to modify their dysfunctional core beliefs. One of the main TBCT techniques proposed by TBCT is the Trial. Some research studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Trial in the treatment of SAD, and other disorders. However, further investigation is needed to firmly establish the efficacy not just for the Trial technique, but also the TBCT approach as a treatment for SAD and other disorders. This research aims to evaluate wheter SAD participants receiving TBCT individual-sessions differ from a SAD waiting list group condition regarding symptoms of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance and distress, anxiety, depression, mental suffering, and attentional bias. This is a randomized clinical trial comparing TBCT and a Waitlist control condition for the treatment of SAD. The study has three groups: TBCT (n =18), Wailist (n =21), and healthy group (n =19). An independent researcher to study distributed randomly the participants with SAD between TBCT or Waitlist condition. Assessments were made at pre and post-test using several self-report scales, and the emotional Stroop test in the three groups. Additionaly, the TBCT group answered these scales each four sessions. The treatment was delivered in sixteen 1.5 hour sessions using the individual TBCT format. There were reductions in social anxiety, anxiety, depression, social avoidance and distress, and mental suffering symptoms at TBCT group (p < 0.05), but not in the Waitlist group (p > 0.05). Those reductions were associated with a large effect size. There was a significant reduction at fear of negative evaluation after Trial use, and reductions at cognitive distortions throughout the treatment as well (p < 0.05). There were no differences among the three groups regarding attentional bias at pre-test nor at post-test (p > 0.05). This study suggests that TBCT may be a new effective clinical approach to treat SAD associated with high rates of comorbidity, as there were significant reductions in the comorbid symptoms
Castro, Ana Elisa Marques. "Programa de estimulação cognitiva em idosos institucionalizados: impacto no desempenho cognitivo e na sintomatologia depressiva." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7007.
Full textO crescente envelhecimento da população a nível mundial tem despertado um grande interesse nesta área. A institucionalização dos idosos está associada ao agravamento do seu estado de saúde, à incapacidade funcional e ao comprometimento cognitivo. A prevenção do declínio no funcionamento cognitivo das pessoas idosas pode ser obtida através da implementação de Programas de Estimulação Cognitiva (PEC). O objectivo deste estudo é verificar o impacto do PEC no desempenho cognitivo e na sintomatologia depressiva de um grupo de idosos institucionalizados após 16 sessões de estimulação cognitiva. A amostra é constituída por idosos da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Oliveira de Azeméis. O grupo experimental é composto por 8 idosos (6 mulheres e 2 homens) com uma média de idades de 73.75 anos (DP=8.57) e o grupo controlo é composto por 7 idosos (5 mulheres e 2 homens) com uma média de idades de 79.14 anos (DP=8.53). A avaliação do PEC foi feita através da aplicação da Sub-Escala Cognitiva da Escala de Avaliação da Doença de Alzheimer (ADAS-Cog) e da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS), no pré e no pós-teste. Os resultados desta investigação evidenciaram: (a) uma diferença estatisticamente significativa no desempenho cognitivo do grupo experimental do pré-teste (M=17, DP=5.53) para o pós-teste (M=11.25, DP=4.84) (t(8)=13.96, p≤0.001); (b) uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa no desempenho cognitivo do grupo controlo do pré-teste (M=20.28, DP=6.47) para o pós-teste (M=18.14, DP=5.79) (t(7)=3.38, p≤0.05); (c) a ausência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas no que se refere à sintomatologia depressiva em ambos os grupos; (d) uma alteração categorial no grupo experimental relativamente à sintomatologia depressiva, com uma diminuição de 10.37 no pré-teste (limiar entre a depressão e a ausência de depressão) para 9 no pós-teste (ausência de depressão). Este estudo confirma a importância da implementação de PEC nas instituições e centros de dia, de modo a prevenir e/ou atenuar o prejuízo cognitivo dos idosos e consequentemente melhorar a sua qualidade de vida.
The worldwide crescent aging population has increased the interest in this area. The institutionalization of the elderly is associated with worsening of their health status, functional disability and cognitive impairment. Several studies have shown a relationship between depressive symptoms and poor cognitive performance. The prevention of cognitive decline in older people may be achieved through the implementation of Cognitive Stimulation Programs (CSP). The aim of this study consisted in verifying the effects of exposure to 16 sessions of CSP on the cognitive and depressive symptoms of an institutionalized elderly group. The sample consisted of 15 elderly institutionalized at Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Oliveira de Azeméis. The experimental group was composed of 8 elderly (6 women and 2 men) with a mean age of 73.75 years (SD = 8.57) and the control group was composed of 7 elderly patients (5 women and 2 men) with a mean age of 79.14 years (SD = 8.53).The evaluation of the CSP was made by applying the Cognitive subscale of the Scale for Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease and the Geriatric Depression Scale at pre and posttest. The research results showed: (a) a statistically significant difference in cognitive performance in the experimental group from pretest (M = 17, SD = 5.53) to posttest (M = 11.25, SD = 4.84) (t (8) = 13.96, p ≤ 0.001); (b) a statistically significant decrease in cognitive performance in the control group from pretest (M = 20.28, SD = 6.47) to posttest (M = 18.14, SD = 5.79) (t (7) = 3.38, p ≤ 0.05); (c) the absence of statistically significant differences with regard to depressive symptoms on both groups; (d) a categorical change in the experimental group with regard to depressive symptoms with a decrease of 10.37 in the pretest (threshold between depression and no depression) to 9 in the posttest (absence of depression). This study confirms the importance of implementation of the CSP in institutions and day centers in order to improve the quality of life and prevent or alleviate cognitive impairment of elder people.
Rossi, Maria Lucia. "Jogo terapêutico computadorizado na terapia com crianças." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-12052015-103032/.
Full textIntroduction: Computer-mediated child psychotherapy can make patients more collaborative and motivated, decrease the stigma of going to therapy, closen and improve the relationship with the therapist, facilitate the understanding of fundamental therapeutic concepts within the cognitive-behavioral approach, improving their problem solving skills, as well as structure therapy sessions. Objective: To create a computerized protocol for psychotherapeutic treatment of children called Projeto Transformador. To assess the project\'s feasibility and usefulness as a therapeutic instrument. Method: Two studies were performed, one with children and one with therapists. Both studies were open and used quantitative and qualitative methods. The first study (A) was conducted with ten children with anxiety disorders who responded to evaluation scales and questionnaires. In the second study (B), twelve therapists used Projeto Transformador in their clinical practice and their experiences were heard and analyzed. Results: The data collected showed that both children and therapists were satisfied with the computerized program Projeto Transformador and that the program proved to be useful, motivating the implementation of randomized clinical tests
Santos, Curt Hemanny Menezes. "Avaliação do uso do registro de pensamentos baseado no “processo” na reestruturação de crenças nucleares." Universidade Federal da Bahia - Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/15634.
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Introdução: A Terapia Cognitiva Processual (TCP) é um modelo de terapia modificado a partir da Terapia Cognitiva (TC). Uma das principais técnicas da TCP é o Registro de Pensamento Baseado no Processo (RPBP) ou simplesmente “Processo”, aplicado durante uma ou mais sessões. Trata-se de um registro com 7 colunas ou etapas, no qual o cliente simula um processo jurídico; nele coloca sua crença nuclear negativa em julgamento, que consiste numa crença absoluta sobre si mesmo e responsável pelos sintomas. Ao longo do uso desta técnica, o paciente assume ativamente as figuras de promotoria, advogado de defesa e júri, promovendo um diálogo consigo mesmo. Ele pode fazer isso sentado em diferentes cadeiras para falar com outra figura do júri (modo cadeira vazia) ou pode fazer sem essa mudança de cadeiras (modo estático). Em cada etapa, são avaliados o quanto acredita em sua crença nuclear e a intensidade da emoção associada, acessados na primeira coluna. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do uso do Processo na redução do crédito dado às crenças nucleares negativas e na redução da intensidade das emoções correspondentes. Métodos: O Processo foi aplicado em pacientes (n=166) com vários transtornos mentais para acessar e modificar suas crenças nucleares e emoções correspondentes. Terapeutas treinados em TCP (n=32) aplicaram o procedimento no decorrer de uma sessão, e puderam ser divididos em grupos de terapeutas experientes e menos experientes com relação ao uso da técnica. O local de aplicação foi o consultório público ou privado dos terapeutas de diferentes cidades do Brasil. Resultados: Houve significativa redução no crédito dado às crenças nucleares negativas após a aplicação do Processo. Reduções ocorreram entre a primeira e a segunda alegação do advogado de defesa, bem como após o veredicto do júri, em comparação com a fase de investigação. Não houve diferença de resultados entre pacientes tratados por terapeutas experientes ou menos experientes. Os resultados dos pacientes submetidos ao Processo no modo estático não foram estatisticamente diferentes daqueles submetidos ao Processo no modo cadeira-vazia. Conclusões: O processo pode ajudar os pacientes, pelo menos temporariamente, a reduzir o crédito dado às suas crenças nucleares negativas e a intensidade das emoções correspondentes. Os resultados mostram que o Processo é promissor como estratégia de intervenção em vários transtornos mentais. Aspectos teóricos e correlações com outros estudos são discutidos.
Ribeiro, Vanessa Andrade. "Programa de apoio psicológico no idoso®(PAPI): um estudo de estimulação cognitiva em idosos institucionalizados." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15476.
Full textEm Portugal a tendência para o envelhecimento demográfico tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos. O índice de envelhecimento entre 2012 e 2060 poderá aumentar de 131 para 307 idosos por cada 100 jovens (INE, 2014). Recentemente têm sido realizados vários estudos com idosos que realçam a necessidade de se intervir, junto de uma população idosa em várias dimensões de vida em particular na intervenção cognitiva com idosos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caraterizar e realizar uma intervenção cognitiva nos utentes das Instituições do Centro Paroquial Social de Meãs do Campo e do Centro Social Paroquial da Carapinheira, com idades superiores a 54 anos. O estudo inseriu-se num projeto de investigação mais amplo intitulado Programa de Apoio Psicológico no Idoso® (PAPI) que tem como principal objetivo a avaliação e a estimulação cognitiva (individual). Mediante a autorização das Instituições para a realização deste estudo, foram selecionados 37 utentes que cumprissem os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foi criado um Grupo Experimental (GE) o qual foi submetido à aplicação do PAPI e um Grupo de Controlo (GC) sem intervenção. O GE foi constituído por 18 indivíduos (10 mulheres e 8 homens) com idades compreendidas entre os 63 e os 93 (M=81,81;DP=1,37). O GC foi constituído por 19 indivíduos (13 mulheres e 6 homens) com idades compreendidas entre os 58 e os 90 anos (M=79,76;DP=1,29). A avaliação psicológica no PAPI foi feita através da aplicação dos instrumentos: MoCA, MMSE, GDS, IAG no pré e pós-teste e, as sessões de estimulação apenas foram aplicadas ao GE. Os resultados desta investigação evidenciam que aplicação do PAPI foi gratificante, houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo experimental e o grupo de controlo. No GE em relação ao género, os idosos do sexo feminino tiveram efeito nos resultados do MMSE (t(9)=-2,8), do MoCA (t(9)=3,078) e do EGD (t(9)=-10,12), e os do sexo masculino apenas tiveram efeito nos resultados do MMSE (t(7)=-2,728) e do MoCA (t(7)=-10,267). No GC não há evidência de que os resultados tenham sofrido alterações para ambos os sexos. Relativamente ao nível de escolaridade, verificou-se que no GE os idosos com e sem escolaridade obtiveram efeitos positivos nos resultados, contudo o mesmo não se verificou no GC, pois não há evidências que os resultados tenham sofrido alterações para os idosos com e sem escolaridade. Relativamente à escolaridade no GE os idosos obtiveram efeitos positivo nos resultados assim como os idosos sem escolaridade, o mesmo não se verificou no GC, pois não há evidências que os resultados tenham sofrido alterações para os idosos com e sem escolaridade. São referidas algumas implicações para a prática de intervenção Psicológica com a população idosa, visando a prevenção dos declínios cognitivos e a promoção da qualidade de vida dos idosos.
In Portugal the trend towards an aging population has been increasing in recent years. The aging index between 2012 and 2060 may increase from 131 to 307 elderly per 100 youth (INE, 2014). Recently several studies have been conducted with seniors that highlight the need to intervene, along with an elderly population in various dimensions of life in particular in cognitive intervention with the elderly. This study aims to characterize and perform a cognitive intervention on users of the institutions of the Social Parish Centre Meãs do Campo and the Parish Social Center Carapinheira, aged over 54 years. The study was part of a broader research project entitled Psychological Support Program in Idoso® (PAPI) whose main objective evaluation and cognitive stimulation (individual). With the permission of the institutions to carry out this study, we selected 37 clients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An Experimental Group (GE) which was submitted to the application of PAPI and Control Group (CG) without intervention was created. The GE consisted of 18 subjects (10 women and 8 men) aged between 63 and 93 (M = 81.81, SD = 1.37). The GC consisted of 19 subjects (13 women and 6 men) aged between 58 and 90 years (M = 79.76, SD = 1.29). A psychological evaluation in PAPI was made through the application of instruments: MoCA, MMSE, GDS, IAG pre- and posttest and the stimulation sessions were only applied to GE. The results of this research show that implementation of the PAPI was rewarding, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. In GE in relation to gender, female seniors had an effect on the results of the MMSE (t (9) = - 2.8), the MoCA (t (9) = 3.078) and the EGD (t (9) = - 10,12) and male only had an effect on the results of the MMSE (t (7) = - 2.728), and MoCA (t (7) = - 10.267). In the control group there is no evidence that the results have been modified for both sexes. As regards the level of education, it was found that the GE older people with and without education had positive effects on the results, but the same did not occur in the GC because there is no evidence that the results have been modified for older people with and without education. With regard to education in the EG the elderly had a positive effect on the results as well as older people with no education, the same did not occur in the CG, because there is no evidence that the results have been modified for the elderly with and without schooling. They are referred to some implications for the practice of Psychological intervention with the elderly, aimed at the prevention of cognitive decline and promote the quality of life for seniors.
Lerner, Théo. "Terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo no tratamento de disfunções sexuais femininas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-24052012-160753/.
Full textIntroduction: Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) have high prevalence, and therapeutic options available are a challenge in gynaecological practice. Objective: to evaluate the effects of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for women with sexual dysfunction. Methods: A total of 106 women diagnosed with sexual dysfunctions was equally divided into subjects (n=53), who underwent group CBT for 8 weekly sessions, and controls (n=53), who were given expectant treatment. Assessment of sexual function was carried out at an interview at baseline and at the endpoint after six months using Abdos female sexual quotient questionnaire (FSQ). Results: At baseline both groups had similar characteristics as to sexual response, self-image and relationship with a partner. The women who went into therapy showed significant improvement in sexual function when compared with those in the control group: The FSQ had an average growth of 18.08 points (95%CI: 12.87 to 23.28) in the therapy group against an average decrease of 0.83 points (95%CI: 3.43 to 1.77) among the controls (p<0.001). The five domains discriminated by the questionnaire also showed significant improvement in the therapy group: desire and interest (p=0.003), foreplay (p=0.003), excitation and tuning (p<0.001), comfort (p<0.001), and orgasm and satisfaction (p<0.001). Conclusion: group CBT was shown to be an effective tool for the treatment of female sexual dysfunctions
Vieira, Paula Cunha Pegado de Souza Aranha. "Desenvolvimento, avaliação e manualização de um programa piloto de tratamento cognitivo comportamental para adolescentes brasileiros com anorexia nervosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-06042018-124923/.
Full textIntroduction: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder with high morbimortality rates. The standard treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa always includes the family. The earlier treatment is initiated, higher the chances of avoiding chronicity. Family based treatment (FBT) might not work for all families and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) becomes an alternative. However the scientific reaserch investigating effectiveness of CBT for adolescents with anorexia nervosa still needs to develop further. Objective: To develop and evaluate the effects of a pilot program of CBT in group when treating adolescents with AN. Primary outcomes: weight gain based on adjustment to or improvement of percentile for their age according to the growth curve, and improvement in symptoms assessed through Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Secondary outcomes: Global functioning assessed through the Children Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (CGAS), self-esteem through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), motivation measure by the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) and life satisfaction according to the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale (ESMVA). Method: Clinical trial with 22 AN patients (DSM IV) divided into two groups: intervention group (IG) (n = 11; received CBT, psychiatric, nutritional and psychoeducational treatment) and control group (CG) (n = 11; received psychiatric, nutritional and psychoeducational treatment. Data collected at baseline, post-treatment and at a 6-month follow-up were analysed. Results: Homogeneous baseline groups, with the exception of the superior overall functioning measure in the IG (p=0,024). Adherence to treatment was 91% in the IG vs 54% in the CG (Z=1,91; p=0,05). All patients who completed the IG (n=10) and the CG (n=06) regained weight and decreased symptoms of eating disorders (ED). Although only the restriction subscale of the EDE-Q presented a statistically significant difference in the comparison between groups. At follow-up the descriptive analysis of the means of all scales of the EDE-Q were lower in the IG, which indicates a lower severity of eating disorder symptoms (W=6,19, p=0,012). The secondary outcomes showed that the two groups produced positive effects between baseline and post-treatment and between baseline and follow-up. IG differed from CG because it presented effects between the end and the follow-up, with significant improvement in measures of self-esteem, motivation and the dimensions \"self\" and \"non-violence\" at the life satisfaction scale, suggesting that IG might continue to show effects even after the end of treatment, possibly decreasing the risk of relapse. Conclusion: The results suggest that the program of group CBT was accepted, produced positive effects and can be applied in Brazilian adolescents with AN, as a coadjuvant in a multidisciplinary approach to improve adherence and avoid the risk of relapse
Cordioli, Aristides Volpato. "Terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1806.
Full textChomalí, Gallardo Claudia. "Exploración y análisis desde la teoría cognitiva a la sexualidad de pacientes adictos a cocaína." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130042.
Full textEl objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar la sexualidad de pacientes adictos a cocaína principalmente a través de entrevistas en profundidad. Desde la psicología es el modelo cognitivo el que cuenta con mayor eficacia en el abordaje de las adicciones, por ello se realizó un rastreo cognitivo, indagando en la sexualidad previa, en las atribuciones que se le entregan a la cocaína antes de vivir la sexualidad bajo sus efectos, en los pensamientos que emergen durante el acto sexual bajo el efecto de la sustancia, y también la percepción de esta combinación estando en etapa de abstinencia. Los resultados destacan la importancia del abordaje de la sexualidad en el tratamiento de rehabilitación y más específicamente en la prevención de recaídas, debido a la importante asociabilidad encontrada, además de la mutación que experimenta la sexualidad incluso después que los pacientes han suspendido el consumo
Villarrubia, Pacheco Claudia Isabel. "Distorsiones cognitivas y ansiedad ante los exámenes en estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología en la Universidad Continental, 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Continental, 2019. http://repositorio.continental.edu.pe/handle/continental/5342.
Full textRaffin, Andrea Litvin. "Preditores de resposta à terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo de tempo limitado no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10857.
Full textObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently is a chronic disorder that incapacitates about 10% of patients. Symptoms severety affect the life of patients, change their routines and cause misunderstandings with family and all those that have contact with the patient. Group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) in 12 two-hour weekly sessions is an efficient treatment that reduces OCD symptoms in over 70% of the patients and results in complete remission of symptoms in 27%. However, about 30% of the patients do not show any improvement. The knowledge of reasons why these patients do not improve and the identification of factors associated with these different therapy outcomes may help to understand OCD better, and may inform treatment indications and the development of strategies to increase its efficacy. This study included 181 patients with OCD treated with 12 session of GCBT from October 1991 to December 2006 at the Anxiety Disorders Program (Programa dos Transtornos de Ansiedade – PROTAN) of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of response to GCBT.The following instruments were used to evaluate patients before and at the end of the treatment: Y-BOCS, Y-BOCS checklist, CGI, WHOQOL-BREF. Evaluation was conducted by means of a structured clinical interview to collect data about the patient’s symptoms, disease history, previous treatments, and OCD diagnosis according to DSM-IVTR (APA, 2002). Demographic and socioeconomic data, occupational status, use of medication and criteria for inclusion in the study were also recorded. The interview wascomplemented with the MINI (International Neuropsychiatric Interview) to investigate comorbidities. Response criteria were: >35% reduction in Y-BOCS scores and normal or borderline CGI scores at post-treatment evaluation. The study investigated the possible association of the following variables with response to treatment: sex, age at beginning of treatment, disease duration, age at onset, marital status, education, occupation, type of disease onset, disease course, intensity of OCD symptoms at beginning of treatment, insight, family history, types of symptoms, and use of antiobsessional medications during GCBT. The Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between categorical variables and response to treatment. Yates correction was performed for dichotomous variables. The Student t test for independent samples was used to evaluate quantitative variables in relation to categories of response to treatment. Variables that achieved a p value lower than 0.25 were included in the initial logistic regression model, which evaluated the predictors of response to treatment and also controlled for possible confounding variables. The following factors showed associations with response to GCBT: women had greater odds of responding to treatment (p=0.074); better insight into disease symptoms was associated with better results (p=0.017); better quality of life before the beginning of treatment was also associated with better results (physical domain: p=0.039; psychological domain: p<0.001; environmental domain: p=0.038; social domain: p=0.053); patients with greater global severity of disease according to CGI had worse results (p=0.007); a greater number of associated comorbidities (p=0.063), social phobia (p=0.044) and dysthymia (p=0.072) were associated with poorer results; repeating compulsion was also associated with lower odds of responding to treatment (p=0.104).In the second stage of statistical analysis, all variables associated with results in the first analysis were included in the multivariate model, and the variables that retained significance were: female sex (ORAdjusted=2.58; p=0.021); WHOQOL-BREF psychological domain (ORAdjusted=1.05; p=0.011); insight (ORAdjusted=2.67; p=0.042) and CGI-severity before GCBT (ORAdjusted=0.62; p=0.045). Although we identified some factors associated with response to treatment, predicting which patients will benefit from therapy and which will not is still an open question. The reasons for such different outcomes may be associated with the heterogeneity of OCD and of the samples used in different studies, as well as with the lack of standardization of the psychotherapeutic techniques used. Finally, unspecific factors not associated with the person of the therapist, the quality of the therapeutic relationship, and the patient’s motivation and tolerance to frustration may play an important role that remains to be evaluated.
Dantas, Luã Carlos Valle [UNESP]. "A ressignificação na terapia cognitiva: uma análise a partir do modelo do Sistema de Esquema de Ações e Operações sobre Símbolos e Signos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137868.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
No presente trabalho, discutimos a noção de Ressignificação em Terapia Cognitiva e sua análise através do Modelo do Sistema de Esquemas de Ações e Operações sobre Símbolos e Signos, de maneira abreviada, MoSEAOSS, modelo embasado na Epistemologia Genética. O intuito desta pesquisa é o de responder à questão: sendo o MoSEAOSS um modelo fundamentado na Epistemologia Genética, uma teoria epistemológica, que possui uma fundamentação teórica e experimental e que pretende mostrar como o ser humano constrói a significação da realidade, é possível explicar o processo de ressignificação que ocorre na Terapia Cognitiva através do olhar da Epistemologia Genética? O presente trabalho responde positivamente a essa questão e buscar mostrar como, a partir da aplicação do MoSEAOSS como ferramenta de análise desse recorte, é possível explicar o processo de ressignificação através de um olhar baseado na Epistemologia Genética.
In the following dissertation we discuss the notion of resignification in the Cognitive Therapy and we present an analysis of that notion using the Model of the System of Schemata of Actions and Operations on Symbols and Signs, the MoSEAOSS (in Portuguese), a model based on genetic epistemology. The goal of this research is to answer the following question: being the MoSEAOSS a model based on genetic epistemology, which is an epistemological theory that has both a theoretical and an experimental ground and that intends to explain how the human being constructs his/her signification of reality, is it possible for the MoSEAOSS to explain from the genetic epistemology perspective the resignification process that occurs in the Cognitive Therapy? Our research presents a positive answer to that question and, besides that, it aims at showing how the MoSEAOSS, used as an analytical tool, explains the process of resignification from the genetic epistemology point of view.
CAPES: 00.889.834/0001-08
Arantes, Carolina Faria. "Cinematerapia : uma proposta psicoeducativa segundo a teoria de Jeffrey Young." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2014. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/17231.
Full textO objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar aos terapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais uma técnica cinematerápica, baseada nos filmes animados da Disney, que possa ser utilizada para psicoeducar crianças e adolescentes sobre os esquemas de arrogo/grandiosidade e autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes, que compõem o Domínio III Limites prejudicados, de acordo com a teoria de Jeffrey Young. Participaram deste estudo sete profissionais experts na área clínica de abordagem cognitivo-comportamental, com idade entre 26 e 47 anos (𝑥= 33; DP = 8,01) e tempo médio de atuação de 𝑥 = 9 anos (DP = 7,1). Todos os participantes possuíam título de especialista em Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC), além de 29% possuírem mestrado e 29% pós-doutorado. O instrumento utilizado foi uma prova de juízes composta pela transcrição do conteúdo verbal e não verbal de 19 cenas relativas aos filmes Carros , A Bela e a Fera , Detona Ralph e Valente . Os juízes deveriam ler e julgar qual categoria estava sendo retratada na cena em questão: arrogo/grandiosidade ou autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes. Os dados coletados através da prova de juízes, que se tratavam de variáveis nominais, foram transformados em variáveis binomiais e então submetidos ao teste Wilcoxon. Os resultados indicaram quais cenas possuíam prevalência de um dos esquemas do domínio limites prejudicados. Com relação ao filme Carros , foi encontrado predomínio do esquema de arrogo/grandiosidade em três cenas; em A Bela e a Fera três cenas foram consideradas representativas do esquema de arrogo/grandiosidade e duas de autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes; em Detona Ralph quatro cenas foram consideradas exemplos desses esquemas, sendo três referentes ao autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes e uma ao arrogo/grandiosidade; finalmente, em Valente foi encontrada prevalência do esquema de autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes em duas cenas. No total, foi encontrado predomínio de características dos esquemas referentes aos limites prejudicados em 14 cenas, os quais são representados através de falas e linguagem não verbal dos personagens. Essas cenas podem ser utilizadas para psicoeducar crianças e adolescentes a respeito desses esquemas. A utilização de ferramentas capazes de envolver a criança e despertar o seu interesse é de grande relevância na ludoterapia cognitiva e sabe-se que a cinematerapia possui um alto potencial de motivação dos pacientes. A psicoeducação é uma prática essencial na TCC, pois interfere na adesão do paciente ao tratamento e possibilita o alcance dos demais objetivos da terapia. Portanto, aplicar a cinematerapia na psicoeducação de crianças e adolescentes colabora para o aumento da eficácia do processo terapêutico. Este trabalho contribui para a ampliação do arsenal de técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais, uma vez que sugere cenas que podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas psicoeducativas na ludoterapia cognitiva, baseando-se em uma categorização sistematizada.
Mestre em Psicologia Aplicada
Ismael, Silvia Maria Cury. "Efetividade da terapia cognitivo-comportamental na terapêutica do tabagista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-21062007-113413/.
Full textTobaccoism has been considered as a World Public Health problem according to the World Health Organization. More than 10 million deaths in the world caused by problems related to tobacco is the prevision for 2020. Therefore, it is important to improve ways of treatment for smokers who would like to quit smoking and search for help for not being able to do so by themselves. The purpose of this present proposal was to check whether the effectiveness of a treatment based on Cognitive-Behavior Therapy associated with medication was better than the literature reported to abstinence/relapse. The effectiveness criterion was the self- mentioned smoking cessation by the participants in 6 months of the treatment. 61 smokers aged 18-60 years both male and female were evaluated. These smokers were divided into three groups: patients who did not give up smoking (group 1), the abstinence smokers (group 2) and the relapse ones (group 3). The results showed that by the end of 6 months of treatment 78,7% of this population had become abstainers. At first, as an average they smoked for 24,6 years, 22,6 cigarettes a day; 62,3% was on contemplation stage according to Prochaska. The most frequent mentioned causes for the relapse were stress (61,9%) and anxiety (19%). Fagerström general average was 4,18 (low tolerance) so that group 1 showed a lower degree of tolerance of the sample. 77,4% of the smokers mentioned to be happy with the treatment due to the psychological support and group interaction as main reasons. The General Health Index of the sample is compatible with general population and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) showed higher levels of depression in groups 1 and 3. Indicators of higher relapse risk were suggested: the participant smoking time (higher), how many cigarettes a day (lower), having always smoked the same quantity of cigarettes a day, living with another smokers, low nicotine in the cigarette in relation to the medium and high ones, absence of previous attempts to stop smoking, low frequency of participation in the meetings for treatment, using the cigarette as a stimulant, smoking when the smoker is excited, when he can\'t help remaining where smoking is forbidden, when the smoker mention to be sorry for himself, when the smoker presents no pleasure in relation to work and life. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that 49,7% of this sample must continue in abstinence for one year, a higher index than the reported revised literature. It is suggested to perform randomized studies, with a bigger population, to validate the appointed indicators and the comparative effectiveness of the program.
Tamashiro, Leiliane Aparecida Diniz. "Funções mnésticas e atencionais em mulheres na pós-menopausa com ou sem sintomas depressivos e a eficácia da terapia cognitiva comportamental na pós-menopausa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-24102016-153310/.
Full textFor this study, we observed and evaluated 112 postmenopausal women without hormonal reposition, with or without depression. Personal quantitative characteristics are described using summary statistics (average, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum) and the personal qualitative characteristics described using absolute and relative frequencies. The main goal of this study was to verify if women diagnosed with depression show different results in mnestics and attentional tests when compared to women without depression. The work also verified if symptoms of hot flashes, night sweats, mnestics and attentional functions were associated with tests results of women with and without depression. The tests were applied four times: (T0) initial evaluation, (T1) second evaluation, (T2) third evaluation, and (T3) last evaluation, performed six months after the end of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Passing score was correlated with the Greene Climacteric Scale initial time to obtain the Pearson correlation coefficient and validation of Cronbach\'s criteria, with 0.91 as general index of sensitivity and 0.82 of specificity, significance level of 5%, with a confidence level power of 95%.This research showed the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of anxiety, depression, hot flashes, night sweats, memory and attention functions in postmenopausal women with and without depression, without hormonal reposition
Chakr, Rafael Mendonça da Silva. "Efeitos da terapia cognitivo-comportamental na responsividade nociceptiva de mulheres com fibromialgia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/31874.
Full textOBJECTIVES: To study the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy administered in six weekly consecutive interviews on fibromyalgia pain responsiveness. METHODS: Fibromyalgia women (n=32) were randomized to either six weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy or usual care. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 visits. RESULTS: After six weeks of follow-up, nociceptive flexion reflex threshold was higher in cognitive-behavioral treatment group, and lower in usual care group (mean ± SD, 4,4 ± 13,7mA vs. -10,2 ± 9,9mA; P=0,005). This difference was also seen at week 12 (mean ± SD, 7,3 ± 9,2mA vs. -5,4 ± 13,5mA, in cognitive-behavioral therapy and usual care groups, respectively; P=0,01). CONCLUSION: Cognitive-behavioral therapy increases nociceptive flexion reflex threshold among women with fibromyalgia.
Braga, Daniela Tusi. "Funcionamento neuropsicológico no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e resposta à terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35092.
Full textThe relationship between neuropsychological functioning and therapeutic outcome of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients has been poorly investigated. In this study, our object was two-fold. Firstly, we aimed at evaluating the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) on cognitive functions (including attention, memory and executive functioning) of OCD patients. Secondly, we assessed whether baseline cognitive dysfunction was able to predict therapeutic response of OCD patients to CBGT. To reach these goals, 103 OCD patients were randomized to receive 12-week CBGT (n=61) or to remain in a waiting list (WL; n=42) for the corresponding period. Participants had several neuropsychological domains evaluated both at baseline and at end-point. Significant differences were observed between treated and control groups in attention and working memory domains. However, no significant difference was found between treated patients and waiting list (WL) in neuropsychological measures after 3 months of CBGT. Responders to CBGT (i.e. individuals showing a reduction > 35% on the Y-BOCS and CGI-S < 2 at end point) performed better in the organization strategies measured by Rey (F=6.417, p=0.014) when compared with non-responders. Greater executive function measured by TMT B (F=16.12, df=57, p=0.025) and working memory abilities by TMT B-A (F=13.5, df=57, p=0.011) at baseline predicted response to CBGT. In conclusion, there seems to be an association between obsessive-compulsive symptoms remission and visual-spatial organization performance, because the improvement of this abilities were restricted to OCD responders. Greater executive function and working memory abilities were predictors of good response to CBGT in OCD. In addition, this thesis verified the association between neuropsychological functioning and severity of OCS, as well as between the different dimensions of OCD, obsessing, washing, checking, neutralizing (mental compulsions), ordering and hoarding. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating 141 OCD patients, through of the neuropsychological evaluation of attention, memory and executive functions domains. The results of this study suggest that the higher the executive IQ deficit greater the severity of compulsive symptoms (adjusted =- 0.338) and greater the injury of visual-spatial memory (adjusted =- 0.213), but not of the obsessive symptoms. Moreover, the severity of obsessive symptoms was associated with a lower capacity of inhibitory control (adjusted =- 2.12). The distinct dimensions of OCD symptoms were associated with different neuropsychological performances. The hoarding dimension was associated with better performance in organizational strategies by Rey, while all other dimensions were associated with a poor performance, thus suggesting a distinct cognitive pattern depending on the predominant symptoms.
Peres, Alexandre José de Souza. "Esquemas cognitivos e crenças mal-adaptativos da personalidade : elaboração de um instrumento de avaliação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2008. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/6636.
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A teoria cognitiva da psicopatologia postula que cada transtorno mental é caracterizado por um conjunto específico de esquemas mal-adaptativos. Este estudo levantou e testou a hipótese de que os esquemas idiossincráticos dos transtornos da personalidade também se distribuem em uma estrutura fatorial em amostras não-clínicas. Para tanto, foi construído um questionário de avaliação dos esquemas mal-adaptativos (QECP) teoricamente relacionados aos transtornos das personalidades dependente, obsessivo-compulsiva e histriônica. A estrutura fatorial encontrada se assemelha à teoria. Os índices de confiabilidade variaram entre 0,81 e 0,91. A análise de correlação de Pearson entre os componentes QECP e dos fatores do Inventário Fatorial da Personalidade, apresentaram evidências para validade convergente do questionário. Os resultados apontaram evidências de que os esquemas avaliados desempenham alguma função na personalidade dos indivíduos, independente de um diagnóstico de transtorno da personalidade. Novos estudos com amostras mais abrangentes e instrumentos que avaliem os esquemas relacionados a todos os transtornos da personalidade são necessários. Palavras-chave: personalidade; transtornos da personalidade; esquemas da personalidade; crenças da personalidade; terapia cognitiva. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The cognitive theory of psychopathology posits that each mental disorder is characterized by a specific set of maladaptive schemata. This study raised and tested the hypothesis that the personality disorders schemata can also be distributed in a factor structure in nonclinical samples. A questionnaire for assessing maladaptive schemata theoretically related to the dependent, obsessive-compulsive and histrionic personality disorders was elaborated. Component analysis supported the existence of tree hypothesized set of schemata, which were similar to the theory. Reliability indices ranged between 0.81 and 0.91. Analysis using Pearson correlations between QECP’s components and Inventário Fatorial da Personalidade (Personality Factorial Inventory) showed evidences of convergent validity of the questionnaire. Evidences that schemata assessed by QECP plays a role in the personality of subjects, regardless of a personality disorder diagnostic were found. Further studies with instruments that assess the schemata related to all of the personality disorders and more comprehensive samples and are necessary.
Balaguer, Fort Gemma. "La utilidad clínica de la terapia cognitivo conductual aplicada en un centro universitario de formación de terapeutas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666741.
Full textOBJECTIVES. Analyzing viability and generalizability of cognitive behaviour therapy for several psychological disorders (encompassed in Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders and Eating Disorders) in a private university service applied by trainee therapist (Behavioural Therapy Unit - Unidad de Terapia de Conducta, UTC_UB). The obtained results are subsequently compared to those of other studies. DESIGN. An ex post facto study was done, without varying normal psychological therapy conditions, to study viability and generalizability of the treatments applied during 15 years in a private university service. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy administered in a private university service was compared to that of those found in meta-analysis and revisions of controlled studies. METHODS. In a final sample of 533 clients, drop-out was assessed in accordance to 6 definitions (treatment duration, clinical judgement, lack of improvement -partially and completely- and lack of recovery -partially and completely-). Percentages of dropping-out patients, moment of the drop- out and their reasons and associated variables were assessed. In relation to generalizability, the magnitude of the difference between pre and post treatment measured using the effect size (ES), as well as the percentages of improved and recovered patients were assessed and then compared to those found in meta-analysis and revisions of national and international studies. RESULTS. Drop-out rates at the UTC_UB were higher than those published in efficacy and effectiveness studies, especially the ones derived from definitions based on improvement and recovery (partial and total). The effect size (ES) was medium in the total sample of clients who started therapy (ITT) (except for some case in which it was low) for all measures in all diagnostic groups. The effect size (ES) was high or very high in the clients that finished the treatment (except for some case in which it was medium) for all measures in all diagnostic groups and under all definitions of treatment ending. With some exception, the ES were lower to those obtained through efficacy meta-analysis and comparable to those found in effectiveness studies. Under those who started a treatment, at least 39,4% improved and 35% recovered, while of those who finished the treatment, 72% improved and 65,1% recovered, under the definition Treatment duration. In total improvement and recovery, percentages were 25,9% and 22,5% under those who started and 47,3% and 41,1% under those who finished. With some exception, percentages of completely improved and recovered patients were lower to those found in efficacy studies and closer to those found in effectiveness studies. CONCLUSIONS. Cognitive-behavioural therapy applied by supervised trainee therapists at the UTC_UB seems to be as effective as the one applied in a habitual clinical practice, but less effective than in laboratory context. Furthermore, treatment duration can be much higher, as well as the percentage of drop-outs.
Gomes, Bernardo Carramão. "Estudo controlado de terapia cognitivo comportamental em grupo no tratamento de pacientes com transtorno bipolar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-27082010-172817/.
Full textCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment for a wide number of psychiatry disorders and it is, nowadays, the psychotherapeutic approach with the largest number of controlled trials for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Its use in group format for bipolar disorder has already been tested in open trials, demonstrating good feasibility. Such format has not yet been applied in a controlled trial. This is a two-phase study. For the initial phase, we selected bipolar I and II patients, with scores equal or lower to 8 in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17 items, and equal or lower to 6 in the Young Mania Rating Scale. They were then randomly selected for receiving pharmacological treatment alone (N = 27), or added to 18 sessions of group CBT (N = 23). The sessions were based on an experimental manual developed for this study and lasted 90 minutes each, for a total of six months. The second phase, initiated after the treatment was completed, all patients were evaluated by telephone interview, repeated every three months. The outcome measures were the interval until the first new episode and the presence of new episodes following the treatment, according to the criteria defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM IV). Eighty one patients were included in this study, of which fifty have completed the intervention phase and a twelve-month follow-up. Their results are presented in this study. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that there was no difference between groups in terms of time until the first relapse (Wilcoxon = 0.667; p= 0.414). When considering the polarity of the first relapse, this result remained the same for both depressive (Wilcoxon = 3.328; p=0.068), and mania (Wilcoxon =1.498; p=0.221) episodes. The presence of episodes was not statistically different between groups (2 = 0.28, p= 0.6) either. In this pioneer study, we could not demonstrate a significant improvement in the prophylaxis of new mood episodes when adding group CBT sessions to the treatment commonly offered to people with bipolar disorder
Sanhueza, Zamora Marcelo. "Coaching: su Constructo y su Concepción desde la Perspectiva Cognitivo-Conductual." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106613.
Full textHeldt, Elizeth Paz da Silva. "Avaliação de resposta à terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo para transtorno de pânico em curto e longo prazo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3724.
Full textDuque, Soto Dominique. "Captador de puntos. Sistema de ayuda cognitiva para el tejer con agujas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/139933.
Full textLa ansiedad y la depresión son unas de las principales enfermedades de salud mental- emocional a nivel mundial y una alternativa terapéutica a esta situación es la actividad de tejer. Ésta, y como en general las actividades manuales, requiere de ciertas capacidades motrices y cognitivas y quienes no están al nivel tienden a presentar errores que desencadenan en la pérdida gradual o definitiva de sus beneficios. A partir del Diseño Industrial, el siguiente proyecto propone ayudar a los procesos cognitivos de cada tejedor para que estos no sean una limitante. Para ello se observó, investigó y analizó sobre las capacidades cognitivas, la actividad misma, su rutina, sus técnicas, entre otras, y como resultado se incorporó la tecnología electrónica, la cual en conjunto con la disciplina base permitió el diseño del Captador de Puntos acondicionado para la actividad de tejer con agujas.
Carvalho, Camila Magalhães Seixas de. "Análise psicométria do Questionário de Distorções Cognitivas (CD-Quest)." Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17934.
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Este trabalho envolve a análise psicométrica do Questionário de Distorções Cognitivas (CD-Quest), cujo objetivo é verificar a frequência e a intensidade das distorções cognitivas, além do escore global. As referidas distorções são equívocos lógicos cometidos em diferentes situações. Constituem-se de pensamentos automáticos (PA) disfuncionais, a serem identificados e avaliados, possibilitando a atuação do terapeuta e auxiliando o paciente a modificá-los e a mudar as emoções negativas e os comportamentos disfuncionais. Para a terapia cognitiva (TC), as distorções cognitivas são a base geradora ou mantenedora dos transtornos psicológicos e psiquiátricos, sendo assim, importantes elementos de dedicação dos terapeutas cognitivos. Este trabalho foi realizado em duas fases, respectivamente com 184 (estudo 1) e 260 (estudo 2) estudantes da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) e de uma faculdade privada da cidade de Salvador-Bahia. Buscou-se, mediante estes estudos, verificar a validade, a consistência interna e a confiabilidade do CD-Quest. A validade tipo concorrente//divergente foi realizada com o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) e o Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). O CD-Quest apresentou boa consistência interna, com alpha de 0,85 (estudo 1) e 0,77 (estudo 2). O BDI e o BAI apresentaram correlações fortes com o CD-Quest e a análise fatorial sugeriu um único fator nos 2 estudos. Assim, o CD-Quest demonstrou bons indicies psicométricos, mostrando-se um instrumento útil para a identificação das distorções cognitivas em população normal.
This work involves the psychometric analysis of the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest), whose purpose is to assess the frequency of occurrence and the intensity of adherence to cognitive distortions, as well as the total score. Such distortions are logical errors made in different situations. They consist of dysfunctional automatic thoughts to be identified and evaluated, enabling the therapist's practice and helping the patient to modify them and to change negative emotions as well as dysfunctional behaviors. For cognitive therapy (CT), cognitive distortions are the generating or maintaining basis of psychological and psychiatric disorders, thereby being important elements of the cognitive therapists’ focus. This work was conducted in two phases, with, respectively, 184 (study 1) and 260 (Study 2) students at the Federal University of Bahia and a private college in the city of Salvador, Bahia. The group endeavored, through these studies, to assess the validity, internal consistency, and reliability of the CD-Quest. Concurrent/divergent validity was calculated against the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The CD Quest presented good internal consistency, with alpha of 0.85 (study 1) and 0.77 (Study 2). Both the BDI and the BAI showed strong correlations with the CD-Quest. The factor analysis suggested a one-factor structure for both studies. Thus, the CD-Quest has demonstrated good psychometric indicies, being a useful tool for the identification of cognitive distortions in normal population means.
Kunzler, Lia Sílvia. "Pense saudável : contribuições da terapia cognitiva para promoção da saúde e incremento da qualidade de vida." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2011. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/8777.
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Nas últimas décadas, apesar dos avanços alcançados em saúde, ainda persistem desafios conceituais, metodológicos e técnicos acerca da promoção da saúde e do incremento da qualidade de vida da população em geral. Neste sentido, é importante investigar as contribuições de diferentes abordagens psicológicas para subsidiar ações no nível primário de assistência. Sendo assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa com o objetivo de aplicar e avaliar uma técnica denominada “Tomada de Decisão e Qualidade de Vida”, elaborada com base nas orientações gerais da Terapia Cognitiva. Essa técnica específica propõe a reestruturação cognitiva em nível de crença condicional e a identificação das emoções, comportamentos e consequências. A intervenção focalizou, de um lado, a redução de comportamentos não saudáveis, e de outro lado, a construção e a manutenção de comportamentos saudáveis. Participaram desta proposta – intitulada „Projeto Pense Saudável‟ – 18 servidoras de uma instituição de ensino superior, divididas em dois grupos de oito e 10 integrantes. A pesquisa foi previamente autorizada por comitê de ética reconhecido e todos os participantes expressaram sua concordância por meio da assinatura de um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Nas etapas de admissão e de encerramento da atividade, foram respondidos questionários individualizados e complementados pela aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: Versão Abreviada de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL - bref), Inventário Beck de Ansiedade (BAI) e Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI). A intervenção propriamente dita abrangeu 12 sessões grupais organizadas semanalmente. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados com auxílio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 16.0). Utilizou-se o Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test para a comparação das etapas de admissão e de encerramento. Em relação à qualidade de vida, os dados referentes aos seis domínios do WHOQOL - bref somente não apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos no domínio „relações sociais‟. Na análise do Questionário - Etapa de Encerramento, 89% dos participantes afirmaram que houve melhora. Quanto aos escores de ansiedade, não se verificaram mudanças significativas ao final da avaliação (p=0,259). Em contrapartida, os escores de depressão indicaram diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,019), ao se comparar ambas as etapas. A análise de conteúdo das respostas obtidas com o exercício sistematizado identificou oito categorias gerais de comportamentos saudáveis: relacionar-se bem com outras pessoas, estudar, controlar as emoções, ter disciplina, parar de ruminar acontecimento do passado, ser organizada, melhorar o autocuidado e concluir tarefas. Em relação às emoções e aos sentimentos, a rejeição, a ansiedade, o medo, a tristeza, a raiva e a incerteza foram as unidades temáticas mais freqüentes. Em suma, os resultados mostram que a técnica proposta pode contribuir para a promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida. Porém, sugere-se a realização de investigações sobre a reestruturação cognitiva em nível de crença condicional com amostras maiores e diversificadas. Recomenda-se a condução de pesquisas acerca das vantagens decorrentes da complementação com sessões mensais destinadas ao monitoramento dos resultados alcançados. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In recent decades, despite the advances in health, it still remains conceptual, methodological and technical challenges on the health promotion and improvement of population‟s quality of life in general. In this concept, it is important to investigate the contributions of different psychological approaches to support programs in primary care. Therefore, it was carried out a research in order to implement and assess a technique called “Decision Making and Quality of Life”, developed based on the general guidelines of Cognitive Therapy. This particular technique offers the cognitive restructuring at the level of conditional belief and the identification of emotions, behaviors and consequences. The intervention focused, on the one hand, on the reduction of unhealthy behaviors, and on the other hand, on the construction and maintenance of healthy behaviors. Eighteen employees from a higher education institution, divided into two groups of eight and ten members, participated in this proposal - titled “Think Healthy Project”. The research was previously approved by an accredited ethics committee and all participants expressed their agreement by signing a Free Consent Term. In the stages of admission and conclusion of activity, individualized and complemented questionnaires were completed by the following instruments: Abbreviated Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL – bref), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The intervention itself included 12 group sessions held weekly. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 16.0). It was used the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test to compare the stages of admission and conclusion. As for the quality of life, the data for the six domains regarding to the WHOQOL – bref, did not showed statistically significant results only in the „social relationships‟ domain. In the questionnaire analysis of conclusion stage, 89% of participants reported an improvement. As for the anxiety scores, there were no significant changes by the end of evaluation (p = 0.259). In contrast, the depression scores showed significant differences (p = 0.019), when comparing both stages. From the content analysis of answers obtained with systematic exercise, it was drawn out eight broad categories of health behaviors: relate well with others, study, control emotions, be disciplined, stop ruminating past event, be organized, improve self-care and complete tasks. In relation to emotions and feelings, rejection, anxiety, fear, sadness, anger and uncertainty were the most frequent thematic units. In short, this research suggests that the proposed technique can contribute to health promotion and quality of life. However, it is suggested to conduct investigations on the cognitive restructuring at the level of conditional belief with larger and diverse samples. It is recommended to conduct research on the benefits resulting from supplementation of monthly sessions aimed at monitoring outcomes.
Marques, Fernando Jaime da Silva. "Intervenções especializadas de enfermagem de prevenção da recaída no cliente com dependência alcoólica." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/15999.
Full textMestrado, Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria, 2012, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa
O presente relatório tem como finalidade descrever o percurso de aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências, no âmbito do estágio do 2.º Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem, Área de Especialização em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica. Os problemas ligados ao consumo de álcool constituem em Portugal um problema de saúde pública. Tenho constatado, ao longo da prática clínica, que o cliente com dependência alcoólica apresenta múltiplos reinternamentos, ou seja, a recaída é frequente. Segundo alguns autores a recaída é mais frequente nos três primeiros meses. A revisão da literatura foi fundamental no delinear das intervenções, tal como os contributos do modelo conceptual de Betty Neuman na compreensão da pessoa em situação de dependência alcoólica. O estágio decorre em dois contextos clínicos do Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa: a Área Dia da Unidade de Tratamento e Reabilitação Alcoológica (UTRA) e no Núcleo de Intervenção Comunitária de Loures (NIC de Loures). A Área Dia da UTRA teve como finalidade desenvolver um Plano de Prevenção de Recaída baseado em técnicas da terapia cognitivo-comportamental e da entrevista motivacional. O NIC de Loures teve como objectivo identificar problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool, através da aplicação do AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test). Na análise dos resultados, verificou-se que as intervenções tiveram um impacto positivo no cliente através de um melhor estado de saúde destes. Os dois contextos clínicos permitiram o desenvolvimento de perícias e habilidades de Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica.
Knapp, Werner Paulo. "Tendências históricas e atuais das terapias cognitivo-comportamentais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139800.
Full textDespite being an essential part of clinical practice in psychiatry and mental health, psychotherapies are still poorly investigated from a scientific point of view. This study aims to examine the endorsements of mental health professionals to psychotherapeutic orientations throughout history and to investigate the current clinical applications of one of the most practiced psychotherapeutic approaches. To our knowledge, this study is the first one to conduct a systematic review and meta-regression examining the prevalence of theoretical orientations amongst psychotherapists worldwide in the last 50 years, particularly in the last decade, as presented in the first article. The current uses of cognitive-behavioral interventions in a wide scope of psychiatric and other medical disorders was the second article focus. From a computerized literature search, we conducted a systematic review of the literature identifying any research conducted with health professional published in the period between January 1960 and December 2012. Sixty papers containing original data about the single preferred orientation of psychotherapists for one of the five most endorsed schools of psychotherapy were included in the final analysis. Then a second systematic review of the literature of all published papers in the year of 2014 describing randomized controlled trials that compared cognitive behavioral therapies with another form of psychosocial intervention or medical treatment was conducted. Three hundred ninety four studies were identified and included in the final analysis. The analysis of the data from the first study shows that in the last decade cognitive-behavioral therapy is the theoretical model practiced by around 28% of the researched psychotherapists, followed by the eclectic/integrative approach preferred by around 23% individuals. The psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theoretical orientation was endorsed by 15% of health professionals. In the second study, extracted data from papers published in the year of 2014 revealed that around 58,000 individuals underwent cognitive and behavioral interventions for the treatment of 22 different medical and psychiatric diagnoses. As expected, treatments for depressive disorders were the focus in 20% of trials. Other medical conditions, as chronic pain and fatigue, and collateral symptoms of cancer treatments, and insomnia, were treated with cognitive behavioral interventions in 75 studies, 19% of total. One in every 4 studies conducted group treatments; 65/394 studies performed computer-assisted psychosocial interventions; and almost all (95% of total) were conducted in high-income economy countries. There is a growing interest by mental health professionals in the cognitivebehavioral model. Since its appearance, this approach was the only one amongst the 5 studied that showed systematic increases in the percentages of therapists’ endorsements. The high number of randomized clinical trials conducted in a single year, with study samples from all planet quadrants, reporting an increasingly widespread use for different clinical conditions, demonstrates a definite consolidation of cognitive behavioral therapies in our therapeutic arsenal.
Mondin, Thaíse Campos. "Avaliação do ritmo biológico em um ensaio clpinico para depressão." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2013. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/344.
Full textBackground: There is evidence that the biological rhythm influence mood disorders. Studies indicate that individuals with mood disorders are more likely to present a new mood episode when the biological rhythms markers are deregulated. Objective: To verify the capacity regulation of biological rhythms in two models of brief psychotherapy for the remission of depressive symptoms Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial with young adults aged 18 to 29 years old who met diagnostic criteria for depression according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). In order to assess the biological rhythm the Biological Rhythm of assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) interview was used, whereas the severity of depression was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). The psychotherapy models consisted on two cognitive psychotherapies: Cognitive Narrative Therapy (CNT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Results: The sample included 97 individuals evenly distributed between the models of psychotherapy. Patients obtained regulation in biological rhythm in CBT and CNT models: the baseline means were 40.89 (±8.32) and 41.17 (±7.81) and at six-month follow-up the means were 32.61 (±11.53) and 29.82 (±9.66), respectively.. Regarding the biological rhythm, there were no differences between the models at post-intervention (p=0.209) and at 6-months follow-up (p=0.323). Concerning the remission of depressive symptoms CBT was more effective at the final evaluation (p = 0.018), however, at 6-months follow-up the effectiveness of the psychotherapies were homogeneous (p=0178). There was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0566 p≤0.001) between the regulation of biological rhythms and the remission of depressive symptoms. 52 Conclusion: The two models of brief psychotherapies were effective in the remission of depressive symptoms as well as the regulation of biological rhythms in the follow-up of 6 months. Brief psychotherapies are low cost to public health and this study demonstrates that act regulating the biological rhythm
Introdução: Há evidências de que o ritmo biológico influencia nos transtornos de humor de forma a contribuir para manutenção dos sintomas. Estudos indicam que quando os marcadores de ritmo biológico estão desregulados há uma maior probabilidade de ocorrer um episódio de transtorno de humor. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a capacidade da psicoterapia cognitiva atuar na regularização do ritmo biológico em pacientes deprimidos atendidos em dois modelos de psicoterapia breve para remissão de sintomas depressivos. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado com jovens de 18 a 29 anos que preencheram critérios diagnósticos para depressão segundo a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). O ritmo biológico foi avaliado através da Biological Rythm interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), enquanto a severidade da depressão foi avaliada através da Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). Os modelos de psicoterapia cognitiva utilizados foram: Terapia Cognitivo Narrativa (TCN) e Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC), ambos com sete sessões. Foram realizadas avaliações pós-intervenção e follow-up de 6 meses. Resultados: A amostra final contou com 97 indivíduos distribuídos de forma homogênea entre os modelos de psicoterapia. Os pacientes regularizaram o ritmo biológico nos dois modelos TCC e TCN, obtendo no baseline em média 40.89(±8.32) e 41.17(±7.81) pontos, e no follow-up de seis meses 32,61(±11,53) e 29,82(±9,66) pontos respectivamente. Na avaliação do ritmo biológico não houve diferenças entre os modelos no pós - intervenção (p=0.209) e follow-up de 6 meses (p=0.323). Para a remissão dos sintomas depressivos a TCC obteve uma maior eficácia na avaliação final (p=0.018), no entanto, no follow-up de 6 meses as psicoterapias mostraram-se homogêneas quanto sua eficácia (p=0.178). Houve uma correlação moderada positiva 50 (r= 0.566 p≤0.001) entre a regularização do ritmo biológico e a remissão dos sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: Os dois modelos de psicoterapia breve mostraram-se eficazes na remissão da sintomatologia depressiva bem como na regularização do ritmo biológico no follow-up de 6 meses. Psicoterapias breves são de baixo custo para saúde pública e demonstram neste estudo que atuam regulando o ritmo biológico
Garavito, Badaracco Pablo. "Mindfulness y ansiedad en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8965.
Full textTesis
Silva, Juliana Vieira Almeida. "Efeitos da terapia cognitivo comportamental na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e desempenho cognitivo em crianças com TDAH." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/99483.
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Este estudo objetivou analisar as alterações no desempenho cognitivo, comportamentos e na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) submetidas à intervenção terapêutica Cognitivo-Comportamental. Foi utilizado um estudo experimental, tendo como delineamento pré-teste e pós-teste, sendo assim composto por grupo de controle e experimental. Neste estudo, a variável independente considerada foi a intervenção por meio da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e as variáveis dependentes: desempenho cognitivo; variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e comportamentos. Foram realizados 4 etapas: a) Etapa 1: caracterização geral de 33 participantes com informações sobre dados sociodemográfico e de saúde, sendo que 19 delas apresentam descrições das características do TDAH e desempenho cognitivo mediante Cogstate; 9 delas têm delineados seus índices de VFC; e 23 delas apresentam o desempenho cognitivo segundo o ProA, porém 14 não têm os dados sociodemográficos; b) Etapa 2: intervenção terapêutica segundo o modelo de TCC de Knapp e cols. (2002) com aplicação do Cogstate e VFC com 10 crianças, cinco compondo o grupo experimental e cinco, o grupo controle; c) Etapa 3: intervenção terapêutica segundo modelo de TCC criado pela pesquisadora com aplicação do Cogstate, VFC e ProA com 9 participantes, distribuídos em grupo experimental com 5 crianças e grupo controle com 4 crianças; d) Etapa 4: comparação de algumas variáveis entre as crianças dos GE após a intervenção. Para o registro da VFC, utilizou-se um cardiofrequêncímetro quando aplicada uma atividade cognitiva. Com o Kubios HRV Analyses, investigou-se indicadores linear e não linear. Os dados foram organizados e tabulados com o SPSS versão 17.0 ,e em todas as análises, o intervalo de confiança foi de 95% com alfa 0.05. Os resultados indicaram que houve homogeneidade entre os participantes e que, após a aplicação do Modelo Cognitivo-Comportamental, as crianças apresentaram mudanças em alguns aspectos do desempenho cognitivo; as crianças medicadas apresentaram resultados positivos em relação a um menor tempo de reação nas escolhas, Memória de Trabalho e Memória de Curto Prazo; as crianças que passaram por mais sessões de intervenção foram beneficiadas com tomadas de decisões mais rápidas e mudanças positivas nos sintomas de hiperatividade e impulsividade.
Pereira, Carlos Fernando. "Supervisão em psicologia clínica e da saúde: modelo cognitivo comportamental." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/452.
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Objectives: To identify, characterize and compare the process of cognitive-behavioral supervision in Clinical Psychology and Health Psychology, under the perspective of supervisors and supervisees. Methodology: Sixty individuals, 30 supervisors and 30 supervisees, randomly chosen, participated in the study. Data were collected in accredited institutions, which maintained the Cognitive-Behavioral model as a training. Protocols for collection were: Data of Sociodemographic Identification, Training and Experiences of the Participants; Questionnaire Pereira & Valerio on the Supervision Process and Questionnaire on the Trainee and Supervisor Versions, adapted from the Questionnaire of Deadlock in the Psychotherapy Supervision of Nigam, Camerom and Leverette, by Oliveira et al., for the Brazilian population. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative information was grouped according to categories of answers schematized by interdependent judges, with a Concordance Index equal to or greater than 75% among them. For the quantitative variables, descriptive statistics were used by frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviation, considering the dispersion of the phenomena studied. Results: The participants' ages ranged from 31 to 61 years for supervisors and from 23 to 42 for supervisees. For all the groups, female sex and catholic religion were predominant; married civil status was pointed out by supervisors and the single one by supervisees. São José do Rio Preto, SP was referred as the city of origin, home at present and local of formation by the majority of the respondents. The training time ranged from one to 36 years, and supervision was from one to 33 years, the longer time pointed out by the groups of supervisors and the shorter by the supervisees group. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and health psychology are the basic models of action and Lato-Sensu specialization courses more mentioned by both groups; Master and Doctorate degrees most indicated by the supervisors. For the supervision process, data showed high scores in all domains, in the Pereira & Valerio instrument. However, Ethics and Teaching predominated with higher percentages among all groups, while Assistance, Management and Research varied among them, with the lowest performances. Analysis of the factors investigated by the instrument of Oliveira et al. have pointed out to the Improvement of Learning as the most marked by most groups, and Understanding, with the worst results. Conclusion: Socio-demographic data and aspects of supervision are according to the related literature as well as expected for this population and will allow the drawing of projects and programs for the qualified development of the supervision process.
Esse estudo é de extrema importância, pois tem como tripé a supervisão, supervisor e supervisionandos. Objetivos: Identificar, caracterizar e comparar o processo de supervisão cognitivo-comportamental em Psicologia Clínica e em Psicologia da Saúde, sob as perspectivas de supervisores e de supervisionandos. Métodologia: Participaram do estudo, 60 indivíduos sendo 30 supervisores e 30 supervisionandos, escolhidos aleatoriamente. Os dados foram coletados em Instituições devidamente credenciadas, as quais mantinham o modelo Cognitivo-Comportamental como formação. Para a coleta, foram utilizados protocolo contendo: Dados de Identificação Sociodemográfica, de Formação e Experiências dos Participantes; Questionário Pereira & Valerio sobre o Processo de Supervisão e Questionário nas Versões para Estagiário e para Supervisores, adaptado do Questionário de Impasses na Supervisão de Psicoterapia de Nigam, Camerom e Leverette, por Oliveira e colaboradores, para a população brasileira. Os dados foram analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. As informações qualitativas foram agrupadas por categorias de respostas esquematizadas por Juízes interdependentes, com Índice de Concordância igual ou superior a 75% entre eles. Para as variáveis quantitativas foi utilizada estatística descritiva por frequência, porcentagem, média, mediana e desvio padrão, considerando-se a dispersão dos fenômenos estudados. Resultados: A idade dos participantes variou de 31 a 61 anos para supervisores e de 23 a 42 para supervisionandos. O sexo feminino e a religião católica foram predominantes para todos os grupos; o estado civil casado foi indicado por supervisores e o de solteiro, por supervisionandos. São José do Rio Preto, SP foi referida como a cidade de origem, moradia atual e de formação educacional pela maioria dos respondentes. O tempo de formação variou de um a 36 anos, e como supervisão foi de um a 33 anos, sendo o maior indicado pelos grupos de supervisores e o menor pelo grupo de surpevisionandos. A Terapia Cognitivocomportamental e a Psicologia da Saúde constituem os modelos de base de atuação e os cursos de especialização Lato-Sensu mais mencionados por ambos os grupos; o mestrado e o doutorado mais indicados pelos supervisores. Para o processo de supervisão ,os dados demonstram altas pontuações em todos os domínios, no instrumento Pereira & Valerio. Entretanto, Ética e Ensino predominam com maiores porcentagens entre todos o grupos, enquanto que Assistência, Gerenciamento e Pesquisa variaram entre estes, com os menores desempenhos. Análise dos fatores investigados pelo instrumento de Oliveira et al. aponta o Aprimoramento do Aprendizado como o mais assinalado pela maior parte dos grupos, e a Compreensão, com os piores resultados. Conclusão: Os dados sociodemográficos e os aspectos sobre supervisão estão compatíveis com a literatura pertinente ao tema e esperados para esta população e permitirão a elaboração de projetos e programas para o desenvolvimento qualificado do processo de supervisão.
Amancio, Rodrigo Teixeira. "Disfunção cognitiva e HIV identificação de biomarcadores para o diagnóstico precoce." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14227.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Após a implementação da Terapia Antirretroviral combinada (TARVc), observou-se uma melhora importante na sobrevida dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV, trazendo uma maior prevalência de doenças crônico-degenerativas, incluindo as doenças neurológicas. As manifestações neurológicas, denominadas HANDs (HIV-associated neurcognitive disorders - HAND), interferem na capacidade laborativa e na sobrevida dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Os mecanismos envolvidos no desenvolvimento das HANDs não estão bem estabelecidos, e sua maior compreensão pode impactar num melhor manejo clínico, diagnóstico e terapêutico destes pacientes. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar as relações entre disfunção cognitiva, resposta inflamatória sistêmica e alterações morfológicas e metabólicas cerebrais em uma população de pacientes infectados pelo HIV, assintomáticos, sem exposição prévia à TARVc. Fizemos um estudo transversal, observacional, no qual selecionamos pacientes infectados pelo HIV em acompanhamento ambulatorial no Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI/FIOCRUZ). Os pacientes foram submetidos a uma avaliação neurocognitiva e classificados como normais (N), ou como portadores de alguma alteração cognitiva: déficit cognitivo assintomático (DCA); déficit cognitivo leve (DCL) e demência associada ao HIV (DAH). Além disso, foram coletadas amostras de plasma para dosagem de 37 biomarcadores (inflamatórios e neurodegenerativos); os pacientes foram, também, submetidos a ressonância magnética para avaliação morfológica, espectroscopia e tractografia Incluímos 52 pacientes, com mediana de idade de 33 anos (IQR, 25-75: 28 \2013 43,75), com predomínio do sexo masculino (65%), com mediana da contagem de CD4+ de 578 células/mm3 (IQR, 25-75: 432-743). Destes, 31 (59,5%) apresentaram desempenho cognitivo normal (N), 15 (29%) DCL ou DCA, e 6 (11,5%) DAH, sendo, portanto, a prevalência de HANDs de 40,5%. Comparamos 12 biomarcadores no plasma (pacientes HIV vs não HIV), observamos níveis significativamente maiores nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV em 9 destes: PDGF-BB, IP-10, BDNF, Catepsina D, PAI-1, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, RANTES, sICAM-1. Comparando os níveis destes biomarcadores entre pacientes infectados pelo HIV (N vs DCA+DCL vs DAH), não observamos diferença significativa. Analisando o parênquima (neuroimagem estrutural), não encontramos alterações que justificassem a ocorrência das HANDs. Através da espectroscopia, detectamos um aumento na relação MI/NAA (Mio-Inositol/N-acetil-aspartato) no lobo parietal posterior, em pacientes classificados como portadores de DAH. As análises da tractografia evidenciaram alterações de conectividade de substância branca nos pacientes com DAH, no corpo caloso (CC), na coroa radiada do tálamo anterior (esquerda e direita), no trato corticoespinhal (esquerda e direita), fórceps maior e menor, fascículo fronto-occipital inferior (esquerda e direita), e fascículo uncinado (esquerda e direita) (p <0,05). Dentre os pacientes avaliados, observamos alterações cognitvas sub-diagnosticadas em 40,5% da amostra. Acreditamos que a toxicidade pelo próprio vírus seja o mecanismo mais precoce envolvido no fisiopatologia das HANDs, o que também parece estar relacionado com as alterações de conectividade de substância branca no cérebro desses indivíduos
After combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) implementation there was a significant improvement on HIV infected patient’s survival, which increased the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, including neurocognitive diseases. The neurological manifestations, called HANDs (HIV-associated neurcognitive disorders), interfere with work capacity, and survival of HIV infected patients. The mechanisms involved on HANDs development are not well established, and a better understanding can impact directly on clinical management, diagnosis and treatment of those patients. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between cognitive dysfunction, systemic inflammatory response and brain morphological and metabolic changes in a population of asymptomatic HIV-infected patients, without prior exposure to cART. We did a cross-sectional observational study, in which we selected HIV-infected patients in attendance at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (INI/FIOCRUZ). After neurocognitive evaluation patients classified as normal (N), or as having some cognitive impairment: asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI); mild neurocognitive disorder (MND) and HIV associated dementia (HAD). We collected plasma samples to evaluate 37 biomarkers (inflammatory and neurodegenerative). The patients underwent MRI to morphological, spectroscopy and tractography evaluation. We included 52 patients, median age of 33 years (IQR, 25-75: 28 to 43.75), with a predominantly male (65%), with 578 median CD4+ counts (IQR, 25-75: 432-743). Among the patients included 31 (59.5%) presented normal cognitive performance (N), 15 (29%) MND or ANI, and 6 (11.5%) HAD, which is a 40,5% of HANDs prevalence. Among 37 biomarkers evaluated we analyzed 12 of them, those that were detectable above 75% of sample tested. Comparing 12 biomarkers in plasma (HIV vs non-HIV), we observed levels statistically higher (p <0.05) in HIV patients in 9 of them: PDGF-BB, IP-10, BDNF, Cathepsin D, PAI-1, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB / BB, RANTES, sICAM-1. We observe no significant difference in biomarkers levels amog patients stratified by cognitive evaluation (N + vs ANI+MND vs HAD) Cerebral parenchyma evaluated by magnetic ressonace (structural neuroimaging) we did not observed alteration that coud explain the occurrence of HANDs. Analyzing spectroscopy we observed an increase in the ratio MI/NAA (myo-inositol / N-acetyl-aspartate), in posterior parietal lobe in patients classified as HAD. Analyzing tractography data we observed white matter connectivity integrity altered in patients with HAD, in the corpus callosum (CC), in corona radiata of the anterior thalamus (left and right) in costicoespinhal tract (left and right), major and minor forceps, fronto-occipital (left and right), and the uncinate fasciculus (left and right) (p <0.05). Among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients, we observe cognitive changes under diagnosed in 40.5% of our sample. Among the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of HANDs, toxicity by the virus itself seems to be the earliest and most important, which seems to be related to white matter connectivity changes in the brain of patients with HANDs.
2016-08-02