Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Terapia de reposição de enzimas'
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Gomes, Dalila Fernandes. "Efetividade clínica da terapia de reposição enzimática com Galsulfase no tratamento da Mucopolissacaridose tipo vi : revisão sistemática." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31071.
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Introdução: A mucopolissacaridose VI é uma doença rara caracterizada pela deficiência da enzima arilsulfatase B, responsável por diferentes manifestações clínicas. O tratamento consiste na terapia de reposição enzimática com administração intravenosa do medicamento galsulfase. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da terapia de reposição enzimática com galsulfase no tratamento da mucopolissacaridose VI. Método: Trata-se de revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais. Os estudos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs e Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. As listas das referências bibliográficas dos estudos relevantes foram consultadas para identificar artigos potencialmente elegíveis. Não foram aplicadas restrições em relação à data de publicação, idioma ou status de publicação. Os estudos foram selecionados por duas avaliadoras independentes que também extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade metodológica dos estudos. Resultados: Dezenove estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, dos quais nove foram série de casos, cinco relatos de caso, três coortes e dois transversais. Um total de 414 indivíduos com mucopolissacaridose tipo VI foram avaliados e quatorze desfechos diferentes relacionados ao efeito do tratamento foram identificados. Oito desfechos apresentaram resultados positivos, caracterizados como (1) redução de glicosaminoglicanos urinário, (2) melhora da função respiratória, (3) aumento da amplitude do movimento das articulações, (4) aumento da taxa de crescimento dos pacientes, (5) maior resistência física, (6) redução do tamanho do fígado e baço, (7) melhora da qualidade de vida e (8) normalização das dimensões cardíacas. Outros desfechos permaneceram estáveis, como o desenvolvimento cognitivo, acuidade visual, capacidade auditiva e apneia do sono. Quanto à segurança, reações adversas leves de hipersensibilidade como urticária e pirexia foram relatadas. Conclusão: Limitações metodológicas impossibilitaram a análise da efetividade do tratamento. No entanto, os achados do estudo indicam que a terapia de reposição enzimática tem efeito positivo na maioria dos desfechos associados à doença. Portanto, novos estudos devem ser fomentados a fim de melhorar a qualidade das evidências.
Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis VI is a rare disease characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase B, responsible for different clinical manifestations. Treatment consists of enzyme replacement therapy with intravenous administration of the galsulfase drug. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy with galsulfase in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis VI. Method: This is a systematic review of observational studies. The studies were searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease databases. The reference lists of relevant studies for consultation to identify potentially eligible articles. No restrictions were applied regarding publishing data, language, or publishing status. The studies were selected by two independent evaluators who also extracted the data and evaluated the methodological quality of the studies. Results: nineteen studies completed the inclusion criteria, of which nine were case series, five case reports, three cohorts and two cross-sectional. A total of 414 people with mucopolysaccharidosis VI were evaluated and fourteen different outcomes related to the treatment effect identified. Eight outcomes presented positive results, characterized as (1) reduction of urinary glycosaminoglycans, (2) improvement of respiratory function, (3) increased range of joint motion, (4) increased patient growth rate, (5) increased physical resistance, (6) reduction of liver and spleen size, (7) improvement of quality of life, and (8) normalization of cardiac dimensions. Other outcomes remained stable, such as cognitive development, visual acuity, hearing capacity and sleep apnea. About safety, mild adverse reactions of hypersensitivity such as urticaria and pyrexia have been reported. Conclusion: Methodological limitations made it impossible to analyze the effectiveness of the treatment. However, the study findings indicate that enzyme replacement therapy has a positive effect on most disease associated outcomes. Therefore, further studies should be fomented to improve the quality of the evidence.
Baldo, Guilherme. "Mucopolissacaridoses : mecanismos patogênicos e abordagens terapêuticas baseadas em terapia gênica e reposição enzimática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55087.
Full textIn this work we aimed to study the pathogenesis of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), especially organs that have been described as difficult-to-reach by current therapies. We also aimed to evaluate new therapies for these diseases. Our studies focused on MPS I and VII mice showed an increase in the activity of proteases, including cathepsins and metallopeptidases, that can contribute to the disease pathogenesis in the aorta, joints and brain. In the same organs, we observed activation of inflammatory pathways, including the complement system, the toll-like recetor pathway and a neuroinflammatory process, who can also contribute to the abnormalities observed. Two gene terapy protocols were tested and, while the cell encapsulation only achieved transient correction in vivo (possibly due to a pericapsular fibrosis), the use of a retroviral gene vector reached supernormal serum IDUA levels and correction of brain abnormalities. Finally the use of enzyme replacement therapy from birth showed improvements in visceral organs, specially the aorta and heart valves, and a reduction in the levels of serum anti-IDUA antibodies. Surprisingly, the enzyme could be detected in the brain, suggesting that a fraction crosses the blood-brain-barier. Our data altogether suggest the participation of inflammatory pathways and proteases in the pathogenesis of MPS, and although the treatment with microcapsules still presents limitations, retroviral gene therapy and enzyme replacement therapy started from birth are promising treatment alternatives.
Silva, Anna Victoria Borges Fragoso Rodrigues da. "Perfil clínico e nutricional de pacientes submetidos à ressecção pancreática em terapia de reposição de enzimas pancreáticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-27092017-132431/.
Full textBACKGROUND: After pancreatic surgery, exocrine function is determined by the extent of resection and the amount of remaining pancreatic tissue, and all patients should be evaluated for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Pancreatic enzyme replacement is the mainstay of EPI treatment, since it improves fat absorption, reduces symptoms related to malabsorption and improves quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE: Knowing that the adjustment of pancreatic enzymes dose is based on the clinical signs reported by the patient, the present study aims to deepen the clinical evaluation and to evaluate the current protocol of treatment, maintaining or improving patients quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in which adults were evaluated 6 months or more after pancreatic resection. At time 1, anthropometric evaluation and food recall, clinical evaluation of quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire), intestinal habits and laboratory tests were performed. At time 2 a new consultation was conducted to discuss the results and to provide individualized nutritional guidance. For the correlations analysis the Pearson test was used, for associations the Fisher test and for comparison of means the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: 39 patients were evaluated, 22 (56.4%) female; 33 (84.6%) >= 60 years; Time after surgery 14.1 ± 6.8 years; Biochemical tests: at all dosages most patients present results within the reference values, but there is a high prevalence of fat-soluble vitamins deficiency; The patients have good nutritional status since a great part presents eutrophy according to the BMI (46.1%) and according to the percentage of body fat (35.9%); In general they do not report adverse gastrointestinal symptoms: 61.5% with feces formed, 53.8% without abdominal pain, 84.6% without steatorrhea; Adequacy in macronutrient consumption: 51.3% adequate consumption of carbohydrates and lipids, and 64.1% excessive consumption of proteins; Positive correlations: enzyme dose correlates with pain (p = 0.004) and BMI (p = 0.009); that is, patients who report more pain and who weigh more are those who receive the highest doses of pancreatic enzymes; Negative correlations: functional capacity and nutritional assessment parameters such as BMI (p = 0.004), and body fat percentage (p = 0.028), as well as clinical parameters such as enzyme dose (p = 0.022) and number of bowel movements per day p=0.024); Associations: the dietary lipid consumption inadequacy is associated with important gastrointestinal symptoms such as soft stool consistency (p=0.005) and flatulence (p=0.012), and emphasizes the importance of nutritional guidance to patients on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: Most patients presented good results of biochemical tests, quality of life, macronutrient consumption, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms. Significant correlations and associations have been observed that evidence that nutritional status, food intake and enzyme dose interferes with gastrointestinal symptoms and self-perceived quality of life of patients. Therefore, the current protocol is valid, but should be associated with individualized nutritional guidance
Guarany, Nicole Ruas. "Avaliação do efeito da terapia de reposição enzimática na capacidade funcional de pacientes com mucopolissacaridose." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/31815.
Full textIntroduction: The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic disorders caused by a deficiency in lysosomal enzymes that affect the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans and cause their accumulation, resulting in a multisystemic clinical picture. Their clinical manifestations result in limitations to perform daily life tasks. Objectives: To evaluate functional capacity, joint range of motion (ROM), and the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in both variables in patients with MPS followed at the reference center for lysosomal disorders at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods: The present was a prospective, longitudinal study with convenience samples. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were used to evaluate functionality, and goniometry was used to evaluate ROM, at three moments (study allocation, and 6 and 12 months after study inclusion). For the analysis, three groups were formed, as follows: Group 1 (patients without ERT); Group 2 (patients on ERT before and after study inclusion), and Group 3 (patients that initiated ERT after study inclusion). Results: 21 patients were included: 7 in Group 1 (MPS II: 3, MPS III-B: 2, MPS IV-A: 2); 6 in Group 2 (MPS I: 3; MPS VI: 3), and 8 in Group 3 (MPS I: 3, MPS II: 4, MPS VI: 1). A statistically significant difference was found in the area of self-care of the PEDI for Group 3 (p=0,05), and clinical improvement in ROM was seen only in Group 3. Group 2 showed higher scores in all domains evaluated by the FIM. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups for ROM in the three moments evaluated. There was a positive correlation between the area of self-care of the PEDI and wrist flexion (r=0.718). Discussion/Conclusion: ERT seems to promote maintenance of ROM and functionality. However, it is difficult to evaluate whether or not this is due to ERT, to the general clinical improvement resulting from the treatment, or the combination of both. The preservation of functionality is an increasing challenge in the treatment of these patients, and maintenance of occupational performance should be defined as an objective to be reached by therapies used.
Martinelli, Bárbara Zambiasi. "Microencapsulação de células recombinantes superexpressando α-L-iduronidase para o tratamento da mucopolissacaridose tipo 1." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/107279.
Full textMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is caused by a deficiency of α-Liduronidase (IDUA), a lysosomal hydrolase responsible for the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) heparan and dermatan sulfate. The consequent accumulation of these substrates throughout the cells affects several biochemical and physiological processes, leading to multisystemic pathological condition. Although the clinical benefits of the treatments currently available, several limitations have been noted and the search for alternative therapeutic strategies are necessary. A promising gene/cell therapy approach for treating MPS I is the microencapsulation of genetically modified cells. In this work, we produced microcapsules containing recombinant cells overexpressing IDUA, which were implanted in MPS I mice in order to evaluate their efficiency as a treatment. In the first study, capsules were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue for a 120-days treatment. Serum IDUA activity was slightly increased in the first 45 days. After 120 days, IDUA activity was detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The biochemical measurement of GAG accumulation in the tissues revealed decreased levels in the kidney. The histological analysis confirmed these results and, interestingly, showed a reorganization of the hepatic parenchyma with less cell vacuolization. In addition, microcapsules were retrieved for histological analysis and it was observed the presence of inflammatory cells and a fibrotic layer around the capsules. The second study was a 60- day treatment with the microcapsules implanted in the omentum. Serum IDUA levels were transient over treatment and 60 days post-implantation the enzyme activity was detected only in the heart. The evaluation of GAG storage did not reveal differences between treated and untreated MPS I mice. In both studies, some animals were used for a shortterm experiment and increased IDUA levels were observed in the tissues 24 h after capsules implantation. In conclusion, microencapsulated cells were able to correct some aspects of the disease. However, factors such as immune response against the enzyme and the biomaterial or the dose of cells in the capsules could be impairing the efficiency of the treatment, suggesting that modifications on the technique are necessary to achieve a better performance.
Martins, Maria Isabel Morgan. "A reposição de estrogênio diminui o dano oxidativo, aumenta a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e melhora a função cardíaca em ratas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24696.
Full textMenopause is characterized by a progressive decrease on hormonal level and is usually associated with an increase in cardiovascular disfunctions. Given that estrogen has been considered as a possible antioxidant, this work deals with experimental evaluation of the effects of estrogen withdrawal and replacement therapy on myocardial and systemic oxidative stress. Superoxide anion production and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrate and nitrite) in plasma and cardiac tissue of female Wistar rats were investigated. Hemodynamic evaluations were performed in the whole animal and analysis of Starling curves and ischemia and reperfusion effects were studies in the isolated and perfused heart. Three experimental groups were established: a) Control (CO): ovariectomy was simulated and received placebo pellets; b) Castrated (CS): bilateral ovarietomy was done and received placebo pellets; c) Castrated + hormone (CH): ovariectomy was done and 17 b-estradiol pellets were implanted. 17 b-estradiol was given by three different ways: intramusculary (IM), intraperitoneal (IP) and transdermal (VT). In the IM and IP way, the estradiol dose utilized was 40 μg/Kg bodyweight or the same volume of placebo during seven days. In the VT, 0.25 mg pellets were implanted and hormone was released during 21 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was evaluated by chemiluminescence (CL) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). The CH group has shown lower myocardial as well as systemic LPO than CSl, and the last was not different from CO. In terms of antioxidant enzyme activities, in the CH group was found higher SOD, GPx, GST activities and higher GSH concentration in cardiac tissue as compared to the CS ones. In the NO/metabolites evaluation, cast+horm group presented higher plasma and tissue levels of nitrate. This data reinforces the idea that estrogen induces NO formation. Superoxide anion production was estimated through lucigenin method, which evaluates NADH/NADPH oxidase activity in isolated aorta. The activity of this enzyme was enhanced in the CH group. Since not only did the group animals that received hormone replacement show higher superoxide anion formation but also higher levels of NO than CS group, no significant hemodynamic changes were observed. Analysis of Starling curves did not show differences among the three groups studied. In terms of ischemia and reperfusion, the CH group has shown the best recovery as compared to the others while CS group exhibited an important ischemic contracture. The achieved results clearly indicate cardiovascular benefits when using estrogen therapy with the isquemic cardiac damages. Additionally, no major variations in the hemodynamics variables could be observed. These results also indicate that an increase in the antioxidants defenses led to a reduction in the oxidative stress.
Unfer, Taís Cristina. "INFLUÊNCIA DA TERAPIA DE REPOSIÇÃO HORMONAL SOBRE A ATIVIDADE DE ENZIMAS ANTIOXIDANTES, NÍVEIS DE ESTRÔNCIO E FERRO, E METABOLISMO ÓSSEO EM MULHERES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11156.
Full textNatural loss of estrogen occurring in menopausal process may contribute to various health problems many of them possibly related to oxidative stress. Decrease in circulating estrogen levels and increase in follicle stimulating hormone levels (FSH) in menopausal status are related with decrease in bone mineral density. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most common treatment to attenuate menopausal disturbances and strontium (Sr) and iron (Fe) have been suggested to influence to bone metabolism. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the influence of HRT on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in menopausal women and to determine blood strontium and iron levels and their relationship with bone mineral density and biochemical parameters in pre and postmenopausal women with or without HRT. Blood antioxidant enzyme activities were determined in premenopausal (n=18) and in postmenopausal healthy women without (n=21) or with HRT (n=19) (mean ages: 47, 59, and 57, respectively). Whole blood Sr and Fe levels were determined by spectrometric methods (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - ICP-MS and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry - ICP-OES, respectively) in premenopausal (n=17) and postmenopausal women without (n=20) or with HRT (n=19) (mean ages: 47, 60 and 57 years, respectively). Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated at the lumbar spine (BMD L1-L4) and femoral neck (BMD femur) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). TBARS, CAT, and GPx activity were not significantly different among the groups of study. However, SOD activity was significantly lower in postmenopausal women without HRT (0.68±0.04 U/mg Hb) when compared both to premenopausal women (0.91±0.04 U/mg Hb) and to postmenopausal women with HRT (0.89±0.07 U/mg Hb). SOD activity was positively correlated to the duration of HRT in the postmenopausal groups (r=0.33, p<0.05). Blood Sr and Fe levels in premenopausal (33.66±3.57 µg L-1 and 502.09±19.90 mg L-1, respectively) and postmenopausal women without (31.47±2.58 µg L-1 and 523.65±9.91 mg L-1, respectively) or with HRT (29.74±3.02 µg L-1 and 540.30±20.24 mg L-1, respectively) were not significantly different among study groups. BMD L1-L4 and BMD femur were significantly higher in premenopausal women (1.05±0.23 and 0.84±0.02 g/cm2, respectively) when compared both to postmenopausal women without (0.90±0.37 and 0.75±0.02 g/cm2, respectively) and to postmenopausal women with HRT (0.94±0.04 and 0.74±0.02 g/cm2, respectively). However, BMD had no relationship with blood metal levels, but was negatively influenced by FSH levels (β=-0.47, p<0.01 for BMD L1-L4 and β=-0.42, p<0.01 for BMD femur) and age (r=-0.48, p<0.01 for BMD L1-L4 and r=-0.38, p<0.01 for BMD femur). We concluded that HRT antagonizes the decrease of SOD activity that occurs after menopause, suggesting that HRT may play a beneficial role in the protection against oxidative stress. It was also shown that the physiologic whole blood Sr and Fe levels had no significant effect in BMD or other biochemical parameters in pre and postmenopausal women. BMD decreased with the increased in FSH levels and with aging.
A redução natural nos níveis de estrogênio, que ocorre na menopausa pode contribuir para vários problemas de saúde muitos deles também possivelmente relacionados ao estresse oxidativo. A diminuição dos níveis circulantes de estrogênio e o aumento de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) em mulheres na menopausa estão sendo associados à perda óssea. A terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) é o tratamento mais comum para atenuar os distúrbios menopáusicos e, as concentrações sanguíneas de estrôncio (Sr) e ferro (Fe) têm mostrado influenciar no metabolismo ósseo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a influência da TRH na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, CAT e GPx) e lipoperoxidação (TBARS); e determinar os níveis de Sr e Fe e sua relação com a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e parâmetros bioquímicos em mulheres na pré e pós menopausa com e sem TRH. As atividades das enzimas antioxidantes foram determinadas no sangue total de mulheres na pré-menopausa (n= 18) e na pós-menopausa sem (n= 21) e com TRH (n= 19); a idade média dos grupos foi de 47, 59 e 57 anos, respectivamente. As concentrações de Sr e Fe foram avaliadas por espectrofotometria (espectrometria de massas com plasma acoplado indutivamente - ICP-MS e espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente - ICP-OES, respectivamente), no sangue de mulheres na pré-menopausa (n= 17) e na pós-menopausa sem (n= 20) e com TRH (n= 19), com idade média de 47, 60 e 57 anos, respectivamente. A DMO foi determinada na lombar (L1-L4) e no colo do fêmur por absorciometria de duplo feixe de raios-X (DEXA). Em nosso estudo TBARS, CAT e GPx não foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. No entanto, a atividade da SOD foi significativamente menor em mulheres na pós-menopausa sem TRH (0,68±0,04 U/mg Hb) quando comparado com os grupos pós-menopausa com TRH (0,89±0,07 U/mg Hb) e na pré-menopausa (0,91±0,04 U/mg Hb). A atividade da SOD também apresentou correlação positiva com o tempo de TRH (r=0,33; p<0,05) nas mulheres menopausadas. As concentrações de Sr e Fe não diferiram entre as mulheres não menopausadas (33,66±3,57 µg L-1 e 502,09±19,90 mg L-1, respectivamente) e aquelas na pós-menopausa sem (31,47±2,58 µg L-1 e 523,65±9,91 mg L-1, respectivamente) ou com TRH (29,74±3,02 µg L-1 e 540,30±20,24 mg L-1, respectivamente). A DMO da L1-L4 e fêmur foi maior nas mulheres que não estavam na menopausa (1,05±0,23 e 0,84±0,02 g/cm2, respectivamente) quando comparado com os grupos de mulheres na pós-menopausa sem (0,90±0,37 e 0,75±0,02 g/cm2, respectivamente) e com TRH (0,94±0,04 e 0,74±0,02 g/cm2, respectivamente). No entanto, a DMO não apresentou correlação com as concentrações de metais encontradas. A DMO foi negativamente influenciada pelos níveis de FSH (β=-0,47, p<0,01 para DMO L1-L4 e β=-0,42, p<0,01 para DMO fêmur), e pela idade (r=-0,48, p<0,01 para DMO L1-L4 e r=-0,38, p<0,01 para DMO fêmur). Concluiu-se que a TRH antagoniza a diminuição da atividade antioxidante da SOD que ocorre após a menopausa, sugerindo o papel protetor da terapia contra o estresse oxidativo. Também demonstramos que as concentrações sanguíneas de Sr e Fe encontradas não exerceram efeito significativo na DMO e outros parâmetros bioquímicos e não foram influenciadas pela menopausa ou pela TRH em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa. A diminuição na DMO observada foi em decorrência do aumento nos níveis circulantes de FSH e do processo de envelhecimento.
Franco, José Francisco da Silva. "Avaliação clínico-laboratorial dos pacientes com mucopolissacaridose tipos I,II e VI em terapia de reposição enzimática (TRE)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-24032016-142203/.
Full textIntroduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are lisosomal storage disorders caused by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) enzymatic catabolism deficiencies, leading to mucopolysaccharides organ and tissues deposition. MPS types I, II and VI are due to deficiency of respectively, alpha-L-iduronidase, iduronate-2sulfatase and N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase. Clinical manifestations are progressive and multisystemic. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory data of patients with MPS types I, II and VI receiving Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT). Methods: This study involved 27 patients with MPS (13 MPS I; 8 MPS II and 6 MPS VI) diagnosed by enzymatic and urinary GAGs measurement, followed in three reference centers for ERT. Results: Five patients were familial cases (3 MPS I and 2 MPS VI). All patients. All patients were born without clinical complications and their mothers referred the first signs and symptoms (coarse face, enlarged abdomen, stiff joints, short stature) had started at 6mo to 8y: MPS I Hurler (mean 7mo), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (mean 2y), MPS I Scheie (mean 6y10mo), MPS II (mean 3y6mo) and MPS VI (mean 1y). The mean age of diagnosis was: MPS I Hurler (1y6mo), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (4y8mo), MPS I Scheie (13y7mo), MPS II and VI (5y). There were five familial cases, including a MPS VI family (two sisters) and a MPS I Scheie family (two brothers and one cousin). All patients presented progressive typical facial coarsening. Other frequent findings were: stiff joints, clowded hands, macrocrania, failure to thrive. The prevalence of developmental milestones delay and/or mental intellectual disability was: MPS I Hurler (3/3), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (3/5) and MPS II (4/8). The age of onset of ERT ranged from 1y 2mo to 31y 9mo. The follow-up time after ERT initiation ranged from 40w to 556w (mean 259w). The baseline levels of urinary GAGs were increased two to 13 folds compared to reference values according to age. Approximately 26 weeks after ERT, urinary GAGs levels decreased. Normal levels of urinary GAGs in 12/27 (44%) and slightly increased in 15/27(56%) patients were observed. Before ERT, 24/26 (92%) patients presented echocardiographic abnormalities, which persisted or worsened in spite of ERT. Polysomnography was performed in 10 patients before ERT and revealed obstructive sleep apnea in nine patients (2 MPS I Hurler, 3 MPS I Hurler-Scheie, 3 MPS II and 1 MPS VI); the apnea/hypopnea index increased after ERT. Adverse infusion reactions were reported in 55% (15/27) of patients. Most of them was observed during the first weeks of treatment and included: skin rash, arterial hypertension, fever and bronchospasm, and were solved with antihistamines, antipyretics and/or reduction of infusion rate. Severe reactions were noted in two patients. Regarding clinical complications, arterial hypertension (25%), hypoacusia (37%) and hydrocephalus (15%) were diagnosed before ERT. After ERT arterial hypertension (37%), hypoacusia (59%) and hydrocephalus (22%) were reported. Among the patients that undergone surgical procedures, five presented anesthestical complications and two patients deceased during the procedure. Conclusions: This study showed both inter and intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity. ERT is able to ameliorate but not to stop the progression of the disease that remains with high mortality rate. This study emphasizes that the early diagnosis and ERT are critical for a better outcome and for enhancing the quality of life of these patients
Biancini, Giovana Brondani. "Investigação de parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e inflamação em pacientes com doença de Fabry submetidos à terapia de reposição enzimática : correlações com globotriaosilceramida." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49339.
Full textFabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism due to deficient activity of C-galactosidase A. Patients present as main findings angiokeratomas in skin and acroparesthesias and usually die in adult age of renal failure and stroke. As a consequence of the enzyme deficiency, the substrates (mainly globotriaosylceramide - Gb3) accumulate in body fluids and lysosomes of many cell types of organism. Since 2001, the available therapy for FD is the Enzyme Replacemente Therapy (ERT). Before that, treatment was just for the symptoms. Some pathophysiology hypotheses are intimately linked to reactive species production and inflammation, but until this moment there were no in vivo studies about it. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines and Gb3 in patients with FD under treatment with ERT and, finally, to establish a possible relation between them. We analyzed blood and urine samples of Fabry patients under ERT (n=14) and healthy age-matched controls (n=14). Patients presented decreased levels of antioxidant defenses, assessed by glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increased superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) ratio in erythrocytes. Concerning to the damage to biomolecules (lipids and proteins), we verified in patients increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl groups in plasma and of dityrosine (di-Tyr) in urine. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-C were also increased in plasma from patients. Urinary Gb3 presented significant direct correlation with the plasma levels of IL-6, carbonyl groups and MDA. IL-6 was directly and significantly correlated with di-Tyr and inversely correlated with GPx activity. This data suggest that a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state occur, are correlated and seem to be induced by Gb3 in Fabry patients under ERT treatment.
Dornelles, Alícia Dorneles. "Avaliação de tecnologias em saúde para doenças raras : revisão sistemática e meta-análise sobre terapia de reposição enzimática para mucopolissacaridose tipo I." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157629.
Full textBackground: With the advancement of health technologies, new therapeutic options are emerging, including those targeted at rare diseases, and whose efficacy and safety are difficult to determine when using the methods originally designed for frequent illnesses. In this case, systematic reviews of existing high-cost rare disease treatments are important for the decision-making process in order to define the profile of patients who are most likely to respond positively to each treatment. Type I mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the absence or deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase alpha-L-Iduronidase activity, with broad clinical spectrum and multisystemic involvement. Intravenous (IV) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with 0.58 U / kg / weekly infusion laronidase is currently approved to treat these patients in different clinical settings. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV ERT with laronidase for the treatment of patients with MPS I. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed by searching the ClinicalTrials.gov, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases. The search was limited to clinical trials published until December 31, 2015. The first inclusion criterion was being a randomized controlled trial (RCT). If fewer than five RCTs were identified, open-label and nonrandomized trials, controlled or uncontrolled (quasi-experimental), including ≥ 5 patients, and evaluating relevant outcomes defined a priori, were also included. The systematic review was conducted according to Cochrane Collaboration, while the meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. Outcomes not included in meta-analysis with a GRADE classification of moderate or better were deemed indicative of evidence of efficacy or safety. Results: The selection phase retrieved 613 articles. During the first phase of selection, 66 duplicated entries were excluded and 547 articles were screened, of which 155 had the abstract or full text read for assessment of eligibility. Of these papers, nine (only two RCTs) were ultimately included for qualitative synthesis. Four papers were included in the meta-analysis, which was performed for the following outcomes: occurrence of treatment-emergent or infusion-related adverse events (65%), mild in most cases (rash, urticaria, and fever), development of IgG antibodies to laronidase (88%), apnea-hypopnea index [mean change 0.05 (95%CI -10.3, 10.4)], urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) [mean change -65.5 μg/mg creatinine (95%CI -68.8, -62.3)], liver size [mean change -31.03% (95%CI -36.1, -25.9)], left ventricular mass index [mean change 0.49 (95%CI -2.3, 3.3)], and distance covered in the 6-minute walk test [mean change 17.25 m (95%CI -6.64, 41.13)]. Among the outcomes not included in meta-analysis, we found evidence for benefit of laronidase regarding shoulder flexion. Conclusions: Our results suggest, as expected for rare disorders, that there are few studies on this issue published in the literature, and this studies are very heterogeneous, mainly concerning the way outcomes are evaluated, preventing most variables to be meta-analyzed. Our findings suggest that IV laronidase effectively reduces the urinary GAG excretion and hepatomegaly associated with MPS I and can improve shoulder flexion in these patients. Laronidase also appears to be safe in the studied population, with generally mild adverse events. We believe that this proposed methodology, including studies with other designs besides ECR, is capable of adequately assessing the available evidence for rare diseases, as shown by the results obtained.
Donida, Bruna. "Investigação dos biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e inflamação em pacientes portadores de mucopolissacaridose tipo IVA submetidos à terapia de reposição enzimática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158766.
Full textThe Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by impaired degradation of keratan sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAG), due to a deficiency on the enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase. Since the pathophysiology of this disease is still not totally elucidated and many studies demonstrated the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of other mucopolysaccharidoses types, the principal objective of this study was to investigate oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory mediators in MPS IVA patients under enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Urine anda blood samples of MPS IVA patients under ERT (n= 17) and healthy age-matched controls (n= 10-14) were evaluated. Patients presented a significant decrease in antioxidant defenses levels, assessed by reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes. With regard to the biomolecules damage, was observed that patients presented lipid peroxidation (increase of isoprostanes urinary levels) and protein damage (increase of di-tyrosine urinary levels and decrease of sulfhydryl groups in plasma), when compared to controls. Our results showed higher DNA damage levels in MPS IVA patients compared to control group, in both pyrimidines and purines bases. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) was significantly increased in patients and showed an inverse correlation with GSH levels, showing a possible link between inflammation and oxidative stress in MPS IVA disease. Considering that GAG urinary level were still high in ERT patients compared to the control group, we propose that GAG are, at least in part, related with oxidative damage found in MPS IVA patients. The data presented suggest that pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant states occur in MPS IVA patients under ERT, and the supplementation of antioxidants in combination with ERT can be investigated with the purpose of improving the patient’s life quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in patients relating MPS IVA with oxidative stress and inflammation.
Bitencourt, Fernanda Hendges de. "Aspectos farmacoeconômicos associados à terapia de reposição enzimática para mucopolissacaridoses tipo I, II e VI : um estudo com ênfase em intervenções médicas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71291.
Full textIntroduction: The mucopolysaccharidoses type I (MPS I), II (MPS II) and VI (MPS VI) are lysosomal disorders (LSD) for which enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with laronidase, idursulfase and galsulfase, respectively, are available. Principal objective: To analyze the annual frequency of medical interventions (number of medical appointments, hospital admissions, surgical procedures, exams performed, medications prescribed, ancillary therapies and the use of medical devices) in a sample of Brazilian patients with MPS I, II and VI, and thus, contribute to the understanding of some pharmacoeconomic aspects related to these diseases. Methodology: Retrospective, exploratory, hospital-based study, based on medical records review, with convenience sampling, which was conducted in two steps (steps 1 and 2). A specific data collection instrument for both steps was designed by the study team, which is multidisciplinary. The chosen outcomes were: annual frequencies of medical interventions (medical appointments, exams, surgical procedures, hospital admissions, medications used and ancillary therapies). Step 1 was a pre-experimental study conducted at the Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (SGM-HCPA), and compared the variables of interest between the pre and post-ERT periods for the same group of patients. The patient inclusion criteria were: a biochemical diagnosis of MPS I and regular follow-up at SGM-HCPA since diagnosis; ERT for at least 1 year; no enrollment in any clinical trials involving ERT, and no history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Step 2 was a cross-sectional and multicentric estudy (Centers included: SGM-HCPA), the Department of Medical Genetics of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas - PUC-Campinas, and the Department of Pediatrics at Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, which compared the variables of interest between different groups of patients (those receiving and those not receiving ERT). For this step only data from 2010 were considered. The inclusion patient criteria were: a biochemical diagnosis of MPS I, II or VI; no enrollment in any clinical trials involving ERT, and no history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to be on ERT for at least 12 months before the start of data collection or to undergo regular follow-up for at least 12 months before the start of data collection. Results: Step 1 – Nine MPS I patients (severe=3; attenuated phenotype=6) were included in the study with median age at diagnosis was 4.4 years. Only the number/year/patient of surgeries was found to be dependent on length of disease (p=0.0004) and on severity of phenotype (p=0.014). Regarding pre- and post-ERT comparisons, the variables for which a significant difference was detected (mean number/year/patient) were exams (pre-ERT, 10.2±2.7; post-ERT, 22.5±2.1; p=0.005) and hospital admissions (pre-ERT, 0.05±0.04; post-ERT, 0.30±0.11; p=0.013). For the other variables, no association was found. Step 2: Thirty-four patients with MPS I, II and VI were included (I=12, II=17, VI=5). From them, 27 on ERT (“ERT group”) and 7 receiving supportive care only (“non-ERT group”). There were no significant correlation between length of disease and any of the variables of interest. There were significant between-group differences in the median number of hospital admissions and surgical procedures, both of which were higher in the non-ERT group [1(0-2) vs. 0 (0-1), p=0,015; e 0 (0-2) vs. 0 (0-0), p=0,040, respectively]. There were no significant between-group differences when only children and adolescents (<18 years) were taken into account. Patients with cognitive involvement used more medications than the others (p=0.024). A correlation was detected between time on ERT and the hospital admissions variable (r= -0.504; p=0.007). Discussion/conclusions: This was one of the first studies to evaluate aspects related to pharmacoeconomics of ERT for MPS. According to the results of step 2, and not acknowledging the costs associated with recombinant enzyme infusions, patients with MPS who undergo ERT generate less cost to SUS than patients on symptomatic treatment. On the other hand, according to the results of step 1, ERT seems not to stop the disease progress, at least in respect to MPS I, and thus, for each year of a patient life occurred an increase in cost associated with treatment. Additional studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
Turcatel, Elias. "Investigação da capacidade antioxidante, perfil inflamatório e dano ao DNA em pacientes com Doença de Gaucher tratados com a terapia de reposição enzimática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129765.
Full textGaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding β-glucosidase enzyme, this enzyme deficiency leads to glucosylceramides accumulation in the lysosomes of the reticulum endothelial system. GD divided into three types, where in type I is the mildest and most prevalent form of disease. The consequences of this disease include hepatosplenomegaly, bone impairments, hematologic manifestations and neurodegeneration, but pathophysiology mechanisms are still not well elucidated. Therefore, in order to clarify the pathophysiology involved in GD, the present study evaluated reactive oxygen species production, superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthatione peroxidase activities, nitrite levels, immunocontent of iNOS and pNF-κB, DNA damage and sulfhydryl content in differents components of blood from affected individuals.Patients were divided into two groups: controls with negative diagnosis to GD and patients diagnosed to GD type I treated with enzyme replacement therapy. Blood were collected 5 minutes before the treatment. Results showed that superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in erythrocytes while gluthatione peroxidase activity was increased in plasma of GD patients. Nitrite levels and pNF-κB immunocontent were significantly increased in plasma and leukocytes, respectively. Comet assay was performed in whole blood and indicated DNA damage. We also observed an oxidative damage to proteins elicited by decreased sulfhydryl content in plasma and erythrocytes. Our findings suggest that patients with GD, even in treatment, have altered oxidative/nitrative status and inflammatory parameters, as well as evidence of DNA damage in blood, what could be at least in part, associated with pathophysiology of GD.
Biancini, Giovana Brondani. "Estudos bioquímicos em pacientes com Doença de Fabry antes e durante a terapia de reposição enzimática de longa duração : novos achados fisiopatológicos e o efeito in vitro da globotriaosilesfingosina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148961.
Full textFabry disease (FD, OMIM 301500) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in GLA gene that lead to translated lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidade A (α-gal A, EC 3.2.1.22) with deficient or absent activity. Consequently, the enzyme’s substrates (mainly globotriaosylceramide – Gb3 and glotriaosylsphingosine – lyso-Gb3) accumulate in various tissues and body fluids of FD patients. Studies have pointed that inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress may be involved in FD pathophysiology, which is not completely known. It was previously described an increase of inflammatory and prooxidative parameters in FD patients during enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), although it is necessary to evaluate these parameters before the beginnig of ERT. Using in vivo and in vitro assays in blood and urine samples of FD patients, we evaluated abnormalities of redox status, oxidative damage to biomolecules (including lipids, proteins and DNA) and Gb3 urinary levels. In order to investigate the biological effects of the latest described biomarker for FD, lyso-Gb3, we performed in vitro assays in human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HEK-293T). We demonstrated, for the first time, increased DNA damage in FD patients. Then, we observed increased reactive species generation (by dichlorofluorescein – DCF - probe) in the same samples and, by comet assay with endonucleases, we verified that DNA damage has an oxidative origin in purines in these patients. In order to evaluate repair capacity towards an oxidative insult, a challenge assay with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was performed, which demonstrated that patients had increased repair (probably as response to chronic stress), but not sufficiently effective to reduce basal oxidative damage in purines to healthy individuals’ levels. We also observed that FD patients even before initiating ERT already had increased lipid peroxidation levels (by thiobarbituric acid reactive species - TBARS - and malondialdehyde - MDA content) and nitrosative stress (by urinary nitrate and nitrite), as well as imbalances in glutathione (GSH) redox system (GSH – the main intracellular antioxidant, evaluated by GSH content and glutathione reductase, GR, and glutathione peroxidase, GPx, enzyme activities). After long-term ERT (approximately five years), lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress remained increased, although GSH metabolism was restored to the level of healthy subjects (also probably as an adaptive response to stress). Gb3 urinary levels decreased after ERT, but remained already increased when compared to controls. Lyso-Gb3 levels similar to that found in plasma of FD patients caused significative cytotoxic effect on kidney cells, caused DNA damage (including oxidative damage to purines and pyrimidines) and induced increase in the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) activity and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) expression (key enzyme in DNA base excision repair). To conclude, analysing together the in vitro data, we could suggest a mechanism of action to lyso-Gb3 in which H2O2, reactive specie with well known signaling function, acts as a mediator. H2O2 has also a central role in the mechanism proponed by the in vivo studies, so that the findings are complementary and provide new data about FD pathophysiology that could be useful to future studies looking for complementary therapies to ERT, necessary to improvement in clinical aspects and life quality of FD patients.
Munõz, Rojas Maria Verônica. "Tratamento inovador da compressão medular com reposição enzimática intratecal nas mucopolissacaridoses tipos I e VI : relato de uma série de casos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29034.
Full textThe mucopolysaccharidoses present a progressive natural course caused by defects on glycosaminoglycan degradation pathways. Usually severe, the mucopolysaccharidoses considerably shorten patient lifespan. Although in many cases the cognitive function is preserved, considerable neurological morbidity can be present due to spinal cord compression which is secondary to glycosaminoglycan storage in the meninges. Treatment for this complication usually requires surgical intervention with cervical laminectomy for thickened meninges removal. Enzyme replacement therapy used for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses reduces lysosomal storage and ameliorates many somatic symptoms but does not provide any direct benefit to central nervous system as the enzyme does not cross the blood-brain-barrier. Due to this limitation of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy some researchers have been working with an alternative option of enzyme delivery with direct action on central nervous system through the extensive close contact provided by cefalo-spinal fluid and meniniges and arachnoid villosities, to the treatment of some lysosomal disorders. Animal model studies have been conducted and some promising results have been achieved. This study intends to present an alternative route for the administration of a recombinant enzyme, directly in the cefalo-spinal fluid, which was used in two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I and one patient with mucopolysaccharidois VI. These patients gained access to this therapy by individual compassionate use enrollment approved by local Ethics Board at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. So far, only animal model trials had been conducted with the use of this administration route in lysosomal storage diseases, and these were the first three patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and cord compression to receive intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in the world. In 2005, an adult mucopolysaccharidosis I patient presenting cervical cord compression was enrolled in a compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy, at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In 2006, a girl with mucopolysaccharidosis I presenting spinal cord compression was also enrolled in a compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy, at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In 2007, a boy with mucopolysaccharidosis VI and cord compression was enrolled in compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in the same hospital.
Thofehrn, Scheila Pretto Almeida. "Avaliação da função renal e da proteinúria de 24 horas em pacientes portadores da Doença de Fabry, por 36 meses, com terapia de reposição da enzima agalsidade alfa : uma experiência brasileira." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8725.
Full textGiugliani, Luciana. "Estudo sobre as manifestações gastrointestinais em pacientes com mucopolissacaridoses." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96653.
Full textIntroduction: The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are lysosomal storage disorders characterized by a deficiency in enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycan degradation. Abnormal accumulation of this molecule compromises cellular and organic function, leading to a spectrum of progressive, multisystem clinical manifestations. Gastrointestinal manifestations, such as frequent episodes of loose stools and diarrhea, are often reported by patients with MPS. Although these gastrointestinal symptoms are often overshadowed by severe neurological phenotypes, they can have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients and their family members. Objective: To assess gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with MPS who were or not receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Furthermore, we sought to assess bowel mucosa histology in a mouse model of MPS I. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling strategy. The sample comprised patients with a diagnosis of MPS of any type and regardless of ERT status. Patients were assessed by means of a dietary recordatory and an interview focused on gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as a battery of biochemical tests. Bioelectrical Impedance was performed for body composition assessment.Patient DNA samples were also tested by molecular tests for primary lactase hypolactasia, and bowel mucosa specimens from MPS I mice underwent histological examination. Results: A total of 27 MPS patients were included, 15 (55.6%) female and 12 (44.4%) male, with a median age of 12 (1-28) years. The most prevalent gastrointestinal symptoms were flatulence, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and loose stools. A significant difference in the prevalence of flatulence was observed among different MPS types (p=0.004). The prevalence of flatulence and abdominal distension was significantly higher in the non-ERT group than in the ERT group (p = 0.04 and 0.03 respectively). Most biochemical tests performed to work up and/or rule out specific conditions were within normal limits, which suggests that the development of gastrointestinal systems in these patients may be due to MPS itself through an independent pathophysiological mechanism. Histological analysis of smallbowel tissue from MPS I mice found increased cell volume indicative of some form of intracellular accumulation. On molecular testing for lactase deficiency, 58.8% of patients had the CC genotype, which is consistent with lactose intolerance. Bioelectrical Impedance analysis suggest that patients with TRE have lower proportion of fat mass (FM) compared to patients who were not on ERT. Conclusion: This was the first study to assess gastrointestinal manifestations in Brazilian patients with different MPS subtypes.Several signs and symptoms were observed with higher relative prevalence in MPS I, II, III and IV to that in MPS VI. The most frequently reported symptom was flatulence. Although was no statistical difference the proportion of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was lower in patients on ERT.The lactose intolerance observed in a higher proportion of MPS patients with gastrointestinal manifestations, body composition assessment and observed changes in the bowel mucosa of MPS I mice should be taken into account when interpreting the results. Further studies focusing on the gastrointestinal manifestations of MPS are warranted to corroborate our findings and provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with these symptoms in affected patients.
Unfer, Taís Cristina. "Influência de estrógenos e progestinas sobre a atividade da superóxido dismutase e o estatus oxidativo em mulheres." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3841.
Full textThe deficit of estrogen that accompanies menopause may be involved in the metabolic changes and increased oxidative stress during non-reproductive female life. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used to attenuate the menopausal symptoms. It is prescribed either as the replacement of estrogen alone or the combination of estrogen with progestins. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key enzyme in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and SOD modulators may have potential use as therapeutic agents in oxidative stress-associated disorders. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: i) the effects of natural and synthetic estrogens and progestins on the activity of SOD from human blood in vitro; and ii) the effect of the hormone therapy with estrogen or estrogen plus progestin on the markers of oxidative stress in the blood of postmenopausal women and the relationship among these markers and the serum levels of estradiol and progesterone. The in vitro effect of steroid hormones (17 β-estradiol 17-acetate, progesterone, β-estradiol 3-benzoate and medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate) was evaluated in the enzyme purified from human erythrocytes (CuZnSOD) (Sigma) and in samples of erythrocytes (cytosolic CuZnSOD) and platelets-rich plasma (PRP) (MnSOD and cytosolic and extracellular CuZnSOD) obtained from healthy men and women. Hormones caused a dose-dependent stimulation of erythrocyte CuZnSOD activity at low concentrations (physiological), but this effect was abolished at higher concentrations. The combination of an estrogen with a progestin had a synergic effect on the erythrocyte CuZnSOD activity. In the PRP the activity of MnSOD was not affected by hormones, whereas the CuZnSOD activity was modulated only by the natural, but not by the synthetic hormone derivatives. Four groups of women were selected to evaluate blood markers of oxidative stress: premenopausal women (n=24), postmenopausal women without hormone therapy (HT) (n=31), postmenopausal women with estrogen-only HT (ET) (n=12) and estrogen plus progestin HT (EPT) (n=16). The levels of protein carbonyl, lipid peroxidation and the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase did not differ among groups. However, the activities of SOD isoforms (CuZn and MnSOD) and total plasma antioxidant power (FRAP) were significantly higher in postmenopausal women under EPT compared with postmenopausal women without HT, whereas ET increased only the activity of CuZnSOD in postmenopausal women. The duration of HT and serum E2 levels were positively correlated with the activity of CuZnSOD and the total antioxidant power of plasma (FRAP levels), whereas progesterone levels were positively correlated with the activity of CuZnSOD and negatively correlated with protein carbonyl levels. The total antioxidant power of plasma was positively correlated to the CuZnSOD activity and to the GPx activity. The present study demonstrated for the first time, that the natural and synthetic steroid hormones have a direct biphasic effect on CuZnSOD activity of human erythrocytes in vitro. We also observed that the hormone replacement therapy increase the antioxidant status of postmenopausal women due to an increase of the enzymatic antioxidant defenses and this effect is more remarkable with the combined hormone therapy (estrogen plus progestin).
O déficit de estrogênio, que acompanha a menopausa pode ser relacionado às alterações metabólicas e ao aumento do estresse oxidativo, observados na fase não reprodutiva feminina. A terapia de reposição hormonal é utilizada para atenuar os sintomas da menopausa. Ela é prescrita como reposição de estrogênio ou uma combinação de estrogênio com progestina. A superóxido dismutase (SOD) é uma enzima chave no controle dos níveis de espécies reativas de oxigênio e, moduladores da SOD podem ser úteis como agentes terapêuticos em desordens associadas ao estresse oxidativo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar: i) os efeitos, in vitro, de estrógenos e progesterona, naturais e sintéticos, sobre a atividade da SOD presente em sangue humano, e ii) o efeito da terapia hormonal com estrogênio ou estrogênio mais progestinas sobre os marcadores de estresse oxidativo no sangue de mulheres na pós-menopausa e a relação entre esses marcadores e os níveis séricos de estradiol e progesterona. O efeito, in vitro, de hormônios esteroides (acetato de 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterona, 3-benzoato de 17β-estradiol e 17-acetato de medroxiprogesterona) foi avaliado na enzima purificada a partir de eritrócitos humanos (CuZnSOD) (Sigma), e em amostras de eritrócitos (CuZnSOD citosólica) e de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) (CuZnSOD, citosólica e extracelular, e MnSOD, mitocondrial), obtidas a partir de homens e mulheres saudáveis. Os hormônios, em concentrações baixas (fisiológica), causaram uma estimulação, dose dependente, da atividade da CuZnSOD eritrocitária, embora, este efeito tenha sido suprimido em concentrações mais elevadas. Ademais, a combinação de um estrogênio com uma progestina apresentou um efeito sinérgico sobre a atividade da CuZnSOD eritrocitária. No PRP a atividade da MnSOD não foi afetada por hormônios, enquanto que a atividade da CuZnSOD foi modulada apenas pelos esteroides naturais. Quatro grupos de mulheres foram selecionados para avaliar marcadores sanguíneos de estresse oxidativo: mulheres na pré-menopausa (n = 24), mulheres na pós-menopausa sem terapia hormonal (TH) (n = 31), mulheres na pós-pausa utilizando TH, composta apenas de estrogênio (ET) (n = 12), ou de uma combinação de estrogênio mais progestinas (EPT) (n = 16). Os níveis de proteína carbonilada, peroxidação lipídica e da atividade de catalase e glutationa peroxidase (GPx) não diferiram entre os grupos. No entanto, as atividades das isoformas da SOD (CuZn e MnSOD) e o poder antioxidante total do plasma (FRAP) foram significativamente maiores em mulheres na pós-menopausa sob EPT em comparação com mulheres na pós-menopausa sem TH, enquanto que a ET aumentou apenas a atividade da CuZnSOD em mulheres na pós-menopausa. A duração da TH e os níveis séricos de E2 foram positivamente correlacionados com a atividade da CuZnSOD e com o poder antioxidante total do plasma (FRAP), enquanto que os níveis de progesterona foram positivamente correlacionados com a atividade da CuZnSOD e negativamente correlacionados com os níveis de proteína carbonilada. O poder antioxidante total do plasma foi positivamente correlacionada com a atividade da CuZnSOD e da GPx. O presente estudo demonstrou, pela primeira vez, que os hormônios esteroides, naturais e sintéticos, têm um efeito direto e bifásico na atividade da CuZnSOD eritrocitária humana in vitro. Também foi observado que a terapia de reposição hormonal aumenta a capacidade antioxidante de mulheres na pós-menopausa devido a um aumento das defesas antioxidantes enzimáticas (SODs) e que este efeito é ainda mais pronunciado com o uso de terapia hormonal combinada (estrogênio e progestinas).
Magalhães, Tatiana de Sá Pacheco Carneiro de. "O tratamento da doença de Gaucher no Sistema Único de Saúde: o caso do Rio de Janeiro." Instituto Fernandes Figueira, 2013. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8266.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
A Doença de Gaucher (DG) é uma Doença de Depósito Lisossômico (DDL) e seu tratamento baseia - se na terapia de reposição enzimática. Tal terapia foi um marco na vida de pacientes e especialistas, pois mudou a história da evolução da doença, caracterizando um a nova era na Genética Médica. Este trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa as perspectivas trazidas por profissionais, com experiência em trata r a Doença de Gaucher no Sistema Único de Saúde no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Uma vez que a DG é a única condição d o grupo das DDL a ser contemplada por uma Política Ministerial, promovendo acesso a drogas de alto custo através de um Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDT). O o bjetivo geral foi a nalisar a prática da aplicação do protocolo oficial de tratame nto da DG e o seu entendimento a partir da ótica dos médicos tratadores, profissionais de saúde e gestores do Centro de Referência , o Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (HEMORIO). Os objetivos específicos foram primeiramente id entificar a formaçã o profissional dos envolvidos no programa, analisar a ótica desses profissionais sob re as recomendações do PCDT e como estes situam o Centro de Referência (CR) e m seu atual funcionamento , e d iscutir de maneira crítica a visão dos profiss i onais a respeito dos benefícios e de possíveis falhas do programa. Foram realizadas entrevistas temáticas semiestruturadas e a elas aplicou - se a análise de conteúdo. No que tange ao entendimento sobre o PCDT - DG e o seu viii funcionamento, os resultados apontam a importância da existência de um balizador, um programa robusto governamental, revisado por especialistas bem capacitados no tema. O PCDT - DG foi um avanço na saúde, oficializando e garantindo o acesso à medicação de maneira embasada, controlada por câmar as técnicas estaduais, permitindo a efetuação de pregões públicos, uma maneira transparente de aquisiçã o de drogas de alto custo comparada a medidas judiciais . Os sujeitos da pesquisa são favoráveis ao programa, no entanto possuem uma abordagem crítica ao sistema de saúde no que diz respeit o a entraves na rede de assistência cirúrgica e de reabilitação. Um grande gargalo atualmente no SUS não é exclusivo ao programa da DG: certos questionamentos éticos na fomentação do diagnóstico laboratorial por parte da indústria farmacêutica, apesar de haver relações amigáveis entre esses dois atores no CR. Concluímos que muitos avanços foram conquistados a partir da implementação do protocolo e que talvez este possa servir como modelo para garantir acesso ao tratamento de outras DDL. Algumas incongruências do siste ma são questionáveis e discutida s entre gestores, médicos e usuários, entretanto ainda são muito poucos os estudos publicados no Brasil sobre o tema .
Gaucher disease (GD) is a Lysosomal Storage Disease (LSD) and its treatment is based on enzyme replacement therapy. Such therapy was a milestone in patients `s lives and experts in the field, changing the disease natural history . This work aims at present ing the treatment of GD in the Unified Health System i n the state of Rio de Janeiro, as it is the only LSD to be covered by a Ministerial policy , which promotes access to high cost drugs through a Clinical Gui deline (CG) . The overall objective was to analyze the practical application of the CG protocol in the treatment of GD, and how this guideline was interpreted and used by the medical c haracters , health professionals and ma nagers of the Reference Center and the State Institute of Hematology Arthur de Siquei ra Cavalcanti (HEMORIO ). The specific objectives were to identify the training of those involved in the program, to analyze how professionals viewed the recommendations included in the CP, what they thought about the Reference Center for GD and to critical ly discuss the benefits and possi ble shortcomings of the program . Thematic semi - structured interviews were conducted, and the content analysis was applied. Regarding the understanding of the CP - GD and its op eration, the results point the importance of t he existence of a robust government program, reviewed by well - trained experts in the subject. The CP - GD was a health`s breakthrough , ensuring access to medication, controlled by state technical chambers, a llowing the practice of public auctions, a transpar ent way of purchasing high - cost drugs when compared to individual litigation. The steakeholder`s research were x favo rable to the program, although they criticized the health network constraints for specialized care, such as surgical services and rehabilitat ion. Another major bottleneck in the health system, not exclusive for G D is ethical issues regarding laboratory diagnosis by the pharmaceutical industry. We conclude d that many advances have been achieved from the implementation of the CP, and that hopeful ly this can serve as a model to ensure access t o treatment for other LSD. Managers, physicians and users point out some inconsistencies in the system although there is still limited published data on this subject in Brazil.
Camargos, Ana Leticia. "Menopausa, terapia de reposição hormonal e desempenho intelectual: um estudo transversal." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/TMCB-7WTPHU.
Full textA expectativa de vida da população aumentou bastante nos últimos anos. O envelhecimento ocasiona um declínio normal na cognição. Além da idade, outras variáveis se relacionam com esse declínio. No decorrer do seu ciclo de vida, as mulheres passam por um evento específico denominado climatério. A terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) é o tratamento indicado para alívio dos sintomas típicos dessa fase. Mas, apesar de décadas de estudos, esse tratamento ainda é muito controverso e seus efeitos para a saúde da mulher permanecem incertos. Recentemente, descobriu-se que a TRH poderia trazer benefícios adicionais, os quais se referem a proteger as mulheres contra o declínio cognitivo associado à idade. Os efeitos da TRH sobre o desempenho cognitivo de mulheres idosas foi o tema de interesse do presente trabalho. Também foram investigadas variáveis relacionadas ao período reprodutivo e à menopausa. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo transversal e exploratório com 125 mulheres entre 65 e 94 anos de idade. Para levantamento de dados socioeconômicos, de saúde e, histórico da menopausa e da TRH foram utilizados dois questionários. Para avaliação do desempenho intelectual foi aplicado o teste WAIS-III. De acordo com os resultados, as mulheres com histórico de TRH apresentaram melhor desempenho no QIT, QIE, IOP e nos subtestes Completar Figuras, Cubos, Aritmética e Raciocínio Matricial em relação àquelas que nunca fizeram tal tratamento. Ou seja, as mulheres com histórico de TRH se saíram melhor em tarefas que demandam habilidades relacionadas à inteligência fluida. A idade da menarca, o uso da pílula anticoncepcional, o número de gravidezes, a duração do período reprodutivo e a idade da menopausa também se associaram ao melhor desempenho no teste. Após o controle das variáveis idade, anos de estudo e renda os resultados deixaram de ser significativos. Apesar de ser plausível, do ponto de vista biológico, que o estrógeno tenha efeitos positivos sobre a cognição, os resultados reportados na literatura e no presente estudo ainda são insuficientes para indicar a TRH na prevenção do declínio cognitivo associado à idade. Serão necessárias mais pesquisas com intuito de elucidar os benefícios dessa terapia, a influência dos hormônios no envelhecimento, e outros fatores associados com a menopausa e a TRH que possam também influenciar na cognição. Assim, o desenvolvimento de investigações que permitam aprofundar a compreensão da relação entre hormônios sexuais e cognição poderá contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das mulheres, particularmente, na terceira idade.
Santos, Cesar Cabello dos 1964. "Efeitos da terapia de reposição hormonal na densidade mamografica de mulheres menopausadas." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313172.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Doutorado
Amoretti, Carolina Friedrich. "Reposição de corticoesteróides em crianças com choque séptico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4632.
Full textObjectives: To evaluate hydrocortisone treatment and response to ACTH adrenal stimulation test, with or without respect to basal cortisol, in children with volume refractory septic shock. Method: Randomized placebo controlled clinical trial, including children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at São Lucas Hospital (HSL-PUCRS, Brazil) with a diagnosis of volume refractory septic shock, between Jun/2008 and Sep/2012. Basal cortisol level was determined and, then, ACTH test (1mcg/1,73m2) was performed. Then, patients were randomized to hydrocortisone or placebo treatment groups. Study protocol was approved by the HSL´s ethics committee. Results: Fifty six patients were analyzed. Median age was 5 months old, and mortality was 17. 8%. Mortality rate was higher in patients that failed to respond to ACTH test, regardless of treatment (36% versus 6%; p=0. 01). There was no difference between treatment groups regarding time and dose of vasoactive drugs, PICU length of stay and mortality, even when those who fail to respond to ACTH test were analyzed separately. Conclusion: Mortality was higher among patients who failed to respond to ACTH stimulation test, regardless of group of treatment. In our study, steroid replacement in children with volume refractory septic shock failed to improve mortality or any other studied outcome. More studies are needed to confirm these results.
Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do tratamento com hidrocortisona e da resposta ao teste de estimulação adrenal com ACTH, com e sem relação ao cortisol basal, em pacientes pediátricos com choque séptico refratário a volume.Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo cego, placebo controlado, incluindo crianças admitidas na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica do Hospital São Lucas, entre junho/2008 e setembro/2012. Os pacientes tinham diagnóstico de choque séptico refratário a volume. Foi dosado cortisol basal e após, realizado o teste de estimulação com ACTH (1mcg/1,73m2). O paciente era então randomizado para tratamento com hidrocortisona ou placebo. O protocolo de estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do referido hospital. Resultados: Foram analisadas 56 crianças. A mediana de idade foi de 5 meses, e a mortalidade foi de 17,8%. A mortalidade foi mais alta entre pacientes que não responderam ao teste com ACTH, independente do tratamento recebido (36% versus 6%; p=0,01). Não houve diferença estatística entre os pacientes tratados ou não com hidrocortisona, com relação à mortalidade, horas e quantidade de drogas vasoativas e tempo de internação em UTIP. Este resultado se mantém, mesmo quando analisados separadamente os pacientes que responderam ou não ao teste do ACTH. Conclusão: Pacientes que não respondem a estímulo com ACTH apresentaram mortalidade aumentada, independente do tratamento recebido. A reposição de corticoesteróides em crianças com choque séptico refratário a volume não mostrou melhora de mortalidade, ou dos outros desfechos avaliados neste estudo. Novos estudos são necessários para confirmar estes achados.
Yakabe, Clarice. "Determinação do 17 β-estradiol em formas farmacêuticas utilizadas na terapia de reposição hormonal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-16042015-182319/.
Full textNowadays, estrogen - based hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is the treatment of choice for menopause symptoms. For adequate treatment, one of the most widely used estrogens in HRT is 17β-estradiol, which is available in several pharmaceutical dosage forms. A visible spectrophotometric method was developed for quantification of 17β-estradiol in gel, tablets and patches. The method was based on the diazotization reaction of sulfanilamide and azo coupling with 17β-estradiol, forming the brown - reddish azo compound. The reaction behavior was observed for reagent concentration, absorption spectra and color stability. The linearity of the method was observed in a concentration range from 10,0 to 28,0 µg/mL, with correlation coefficient of 0,9996. The detection limit was 0,76 µg/mL and the quantitation limit was 2,30 µg/mL. The standardized method was applied to dosage formulations and simulated samples; the relative standard deviations (RSD) were below of 2% and the average percentage recoveries of standards varied from 98 to 101%. The colorimetric method showed precise, accurate and inexpensive, and can be used for quantitative determination of 17β-estradiol in pharmaceutical formulations studied. On the UV spectrophometric method, the 17β-estradiol was extracted with ethanol absolute. After determining analytical parameters, this method showed very simple, fast, precise, accurate and more economic than colorimetric method but only be applied for tablet formulations.
Pasqualim, Gabriela. "Efeitos da terapia de reposição enzimática com início tardio no modelo miurino de mucopolissacaridose do tipo I." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72370.
Full textMucopolysaccharidosys type I (MPS I) is a rare disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase α-L-iduronidase (IDUA, EC 3.2.1.76). This deficiency leads to progressive storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan and dermatan sulphate, with subsequent disturbances in cell function and multiorgan damage. There is a consensus in the literature that early Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) leads to a better outcome, particularly in patients with the severe form of the disease (Hurler syndrome), preventing or minimizing irreversible damage. Since most Brazilian patients are diagnosed late and don’t receive immediate treatment, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of late ERT on symptom reversibility in a MPS I murine model. We treated 10 MPS I mice from 6 to 8 months (ERT 6-8mo) with 1.2mg laronidase/kg every 2 weeks and compared to 8 months-old wild-type (Normal) and untreated animals (MPS I). Late ERT was effective reducing urinary and visceral GAGs to normal levels. Although myocardium GAGs and left ventricular (LV) shortening fraction were normalized, cardiac function wasn’t completely restored. LV ejection fraction and acceleration/ejection ratio at the pulmonary valve reached intermediary levels between normal and untreated MPS I mice. While no significant results were found on aortic wall width, heart valves were significantly smaller in the ERT 6-8mo than in untreated mice. A wide variability was found on the behavior tests of treated animals. No correlation was found between this finding and any other variable, such as GAG levels, cerebral cortex cathepsin D activity, heart function or antibody formation. All animals treated with laronidase developed antibodies against the enzyme but no correlation was found with other parameters analyzed. In conclusion, late ERT improves many aspects of the disease and should be considered whenever possible.
Fernandes, Eney Oliveira. "Terapia de reposição hormonal não altera a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em mulheres pós-menopáusicas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3914.
Full textBackground: Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of coronary heart disease. Observational studies have demonstrated that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) improves lipid profile and cardiac autonomic modulation. The cardioprotective effect attributed to HRT has not been tested in randomized, placebo-controlled trials to compare the two most frequently used regimens. This study evaluates cardiac autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women using time domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and indices derived from the three-dimensional return map, and investigates whether continuous HRT for three months, either with estradiol alone (ERT) or with estradiol and norethisterone (HRT), increases HRV in postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty postmenopausal women aged 46 to 63 years were consecutively and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: HRT, ERT, or placebo. For all women, clinical, gynecological and laboratory data (glucose, estradiol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, mammography and transvaginal sonography) were collected. Patients underwent 24-h ECG before and after the treatment to evaluate HRV indices. Results: Time domain indices of HRV as well as indices derived from the threedimensional return map presented no significant changes after interventions. The only significant difference between HRT and ERT groups was in lipid profile. HDL cholesterol levels decreased 12.4% (p = 0.008) for women who used HRT. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, continuous hormone replacement therapy with estradiol or estradiol with norethisterone for 3 months does not affect cardiac autonomic modulation evaluated by HRV.
Castro, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de. "Comparação entre duas estratégias para reposição volêmica perioperatória em cirurgias abdominais infusão contínua versus bolus /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153606.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A reposição volêmica é necessária em praticamente todos os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia, porém o manejo perioperatório adequado permanece controverso, com grande variabilidade na prática clínica. O volume administrado inadequadamente aumenta as complicações pós-operatórias, assim, o desenvolvimento e a implementação de protocolos para reposição volêmica, baseado em variáveis hemodinâmicas, individualizando o tratamento, é recomendado. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de duas estratégias de reposição volêmica: uma, “convencional”, baseada em infusão contínua de fluidos e outra na administração de bolus com volumes pré-determinados, guiada por parâmetros hemodinâmicos específicos (TAC), na evolução perioperatória e na incidência de complicações pós-operatórias de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias abdominais de médio e grande porte por via aberta. Foi realizado estudo clínico, randomizado, prospectivo, controlado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP entre maio de 2012 a dezembro de 2014, após aprovação do comitê de ética. Os critérios de inclusão foram pacientes classificados como ASA I, II ou III, submetidos a cirurgias abdominais de médio e grande porte por via aberta com duração mínima de 120 minutos, sob anestesia geral. Os critérios de exclusão foram IMC > 35kg/m2, gestação, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica ou infecção brônquica, coagulopatias, histórico de alterações da função renal pré-operatória, sepsis ou sinais de síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, sinais de insuficiência hepática, pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de urgência ou emergência e aqueles que se recusaram a participar do estudo. Foram incluídos 85 pacientes, randomizados em dois grupos (infusão contínua ou controle (C) e bolus (B)). Em ambos os grupos os alvos hemodinâmicos foram: pressão arterial média (PAM) entre 65 a 80mmHg e delta-PP ≤12%. No grupo C, o anestesiologista estava livre para administrar fluidos de acordo com seu julgamento crítico, em forma de infusão contínua de fluidos, ou seja, sem protocolo. No grupo B, a administração de fluidos foi guiada por um protocolo baseado em administração de bolus fixos. Os fluidos disponíveis em ambos os grupos foram os mesmos. O volume total e a qualidade de fluidos administrados em cada grupo foram avaliados, bem como, o tempo em que permaneceram dentro dos parâmetros pré-estabelecidos. Em seguida, os pacientes foram analisados quanto à presença de complicações pós-operatórias e ao retorno da função do trato gastrointestinal. Os grupos foram homogêneos em relação aos parâmetros antropométricos, ao sexo, à duração da cirurgia, à classificação “ASA” e às comorbidades. O grupo B recebeu uma quantidade total menor de fluidos graças à menor quantidade de cristaloides administrados. Porém, este regime mais restritivo não cursou com menor tempo de internação, em retorno mais precoce da função gastrointestinal ou na diminuição de mortalidade. No grupo B houve uma menor taxa de complicações pulmonares (2% vs 36%; p=0,001), não houve diferença quanto às demais complicações pós-operatórias. Assim, a fluidoterapia realizada pela infusão de bolus e baseada em protocolo previamente estabelecido mostrou-se tão eficiente e segura quanto a reposição volêmica usual, porém resultou em menor volume infundido e na diminuição das complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias.
Volume replacement is necessary in almost all patients submitted to surgery. However, adequate preoperative procedure remains controversial, with several variants in clinical practice. Administered volume, if inadequate, can significantly increase postoperative related complications. Therefore, development and implementation of protocols for volume replacement, based on hemodynamic evaluation, individualizing treatment, is recommended. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of two different strategies for volume replacement: one based on continuous infusion of fluids and another based on administration of bolus with pre-determined volumes, and guided by goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT), on perioperative evolution and on the incidence of postoperative related complication in patients submitted to medium and major open abdominal surgery. A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was made, at the Clinic Hospital of Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, between May 2012 and December 2014, after approval from the ethics committee. Criteria for patient inclusion were classification as ASA I, II or III, submission to medium or major open abdominal surgery, with minimum duration of 120 minutes, under general anesthesia. Criteria for patient exclusion were BMI > 35kg/m2, pregnant women, chronical obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial infection, coagulopathies, a history of pre operatory kidney function alteration, sepsis or signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, signs of hepatic insufficiency, submission to urgent or emergency surgeries, and those who refused to participate. 85 patients were included, and then randomized into two groups (continuous infusion (C) and bolus (B)). In both groups, hemodynamic goals were mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 65 and 80 mmHg and delta-PP ≤ 12%. On group C, the anesthesiologist was free to administer fluids continuously, according to his critical judgement, with no pre-determined protocol. On group B, fluid administration was guided by a fixed bolus administration protocol. Available fluids were the same for both groups. Total volume and quality of administered fluid on each group was assessed, as well as how long patients remained within the specified parameters. Next, patients were analyzed for the presence of post operatory complications and return of gastrointestinal tract function. Groups were homogeneous regarding anthropometric parameters, gender, surgery duration, "ASA" classification and comorbidities. B group received a smaller total fluid volume, due to a less amount of crystalloids. However, this restrictive regime did not course with a shorter hospitalization period, earlier recovery of gastrointestinal function or a decreased mortality rate. Group B showed a smaller rate of pulmonary complication (2% vs 36%; p=0.001), there was no difference for the other post operatory complications. Therefore, fluid therapy based on a previously determined fixed bolus infusion protocol showed to be as efficient and safe as usual volume replacement therapy. However, it resulted on a smaller volume of infused fluid and diminished post operatory pulmonary complications.
FAPESP : 2012/18870-9
Sa, Danielle Santos Bezerra. "Frequencia e intensidade das ondas de calor em mulheres climatericas." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310235.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência e intensidade das ondas de calor em mulheres climatéricas residentes em Campinas, São Paulo. Métodos: análise secundária de banco de dados de estudo descritivo de corte transversal, de base populacional. Foram selecionadas 456 mulheres por processo de amostragem, entre 45-60 anos de idade, no período de outubro de 1997 a janeiro de 1998. A análise da intensidade das ondas de calor foi realizada incluindo-se apenas as 334 mulheres que referiram esse sintoma, e mensurada através do cálculo do índice circulatório. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas domiciliares, com questionários estruturados e pré-testados, fornecidos pela Fundação Internacional de Saúde/Sociedade Internacional de Menopausa e Sociedade Norte-Americana de Menopausa e adaptados pelos autores. Avaliaram-se a idade, cor, escolaridade, estado marital, emprego, estrato social, região geográfica, idade à menarca, paridade, número de abortos, uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e terapia hormonal, antecedente de laqueadura tubária, índice de massa corpórea, estado menopausal, tempo de menopausa, antecedente de histerectomia, ooforectomia bilateral e tabagismo. Foram calculadas a média, mediana e as freqüências absolutas e relativas, de acordo com o tipo de variável. A medida de associação utilizada foi a razão de prevalência (RP). Foram realizadas as análises bivariada e de regressão múltipla, utilizando o processo de seleção passo a passo para identificação dos fatores associados à ocorrência e intensidade das ondas de calor, adotando-se intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Quando se avaliou a ocorrência de ondas de calor, a análise bivariada mostrou que mulheres na pós-menopausa (RP:1,42; IC95%:1,06-1,90) e histerectomizadas (RP:1,50; IC95%:1,05-2,14) apresentaram chance significativamente maior de referir ondas de calor. A análise de regressão múltipla não mostrou associação significativa entre a presença de ondas de calor e as variáveis avaliadas. Quando se avaliou a intensidade das ondas de calor, mulheres com tempo de menopausa superior a 61 meses (RP: 0,59; IC 95%:0,39-0,88) apresentaram chance significativamente menor de referir ondas de calor intensas, enquanto o antecedente de ooforectomia bilateral (RP: 1,95; IC 95%: 1,08-3,50) associou-se significativamente à intensidade das ondas de calor. Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram coerência com estudos internacionais, ou seja, ainda existem muitas dúvidas sobre quais fatores estariam realmente associados à ocorrência das ondas de calor. Os fatores associados às ondas de calor de maior intensidade, tempo de menopausa e ooforectomia bilateral sugerem o hipoestrogenismo como causa comum para as ondas de calor mais intensas. Mulheres com esses fatores devem ser alvo de atenção especializada, e mais estudos são necessários, visto que ainda existem dúvidas sobre quais fatores estariam realmente associados à ocorrência e intensidade das ondas de calor
Abstract: Objective: to identify factors associated with the occurrence of hot flashes in climacteric women living in Campinas, São Paulo. Methods: secondary analysis of a data bank of a cross-sectional descriptive population-based study. The selection of 456 women aged 45-60 years was done through area cluster sampling, from October, 1997 to January, 1998. The analysis of the intensity of the hot flashes included 334 women who refered hot flashes and it was measured using the circulatory index. The data were collected via home interviews using a structured, pre-tested questionnaires provided by the International Health Foundation/International Menopause Society and by the North American Menopause Society and adapted by the authors. The variables analyzed were age, race, educational level, marital status, employment, social level, age of menarche, parity, number of abortions, use of contraceptive methods and hormonal therapy, tubal ligation, body mass index, menopausal status, time since menopause, hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy and cigarette smoking. The statistical analysis was performed by using the mean, median, absolute and relative frequencies according to the type of variable. The prevalence ratio (PR) was used to measure association. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression using the stepwise selection process with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to identify the factors associated with the occurrence and intensity of hot flashes. Results: when the occurrence of hot flashes was evaluated, bivariate analysis showed that postmenopausal women (PR: 1.42, CI 95%: 1.06-1.90) and those who performed a hysterectomy (PR: 1.50, CI 95%: 1.05-2.14) had a significantly greater chance of presenting hot flashes. After applying multiple regression analysis, there was not a significantly association between hot flashes and the evaluated variables. When the intensity of hot flashes was evaluated, women with time since menopause over 61 months (PR: 0.59; IC 95%: 0.39-0.88) had a significantly lower chance of presenting intense hot flashes. The antecedent of bilateral oophorectomy (PR: 1.95; IC 95%: 1.08-3.50) was significantly associated with the intensity of hot flashes. Conclusion: The results were consistent with international studies. Many doubts still exist about which factors would be really associated with the occurrence of hot flashes. The factors associated with more intense hot flashes, time since menopause and bilateral oophorectomy, suggest hypoestrogenism as a common cause to hot flashes with greater intensity. Women with these factors should have a specialized care and more studies are necessary because still exist doubts about which factors would be really associated with hot flashes
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
Schvartzman, Luiza. "Endométrio na terapia hormonal pós-menopausa : ensaio clínico randomizado comparando estradiol em baixa dose associado ao sistema intrauterino com levonorgestrel ou à drospirenona." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/48986.
Full textFerreira, Kariny Maria Silva. "Resposta ao uso da terapia de reposição enzimática na doença de pompe: uma revisão sistemática com metanálises." Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/20900.
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Contexto: A Doença de Pompe, também conhecida como Doença de Depósito do Glicogênio tipo II ou Deficiência de maltase ácida, caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo de glicogênio intralisossomal devido à atividade insuficiente da enzima alfa-glucosidase ácida. Isso acarreta disfunções principalmente nos tecidos musculares cardíaco, respiratório e esquelético. É considerada uma doença rara com padrão de herança autossômico recessivo, cuja incidência total é estimada em 1:40.000 nascimentos vivos. A apresentação clínica é bastante diversificada e pode se manifestar em qualquer idade. Inicialmente, não existia nenhum tratamento específico para a Doença de Pompe e as medidas estavam voltadas para cuidados paliativos. Em 2006, a Terapia de Reposição Enzimática (TRE) com alfa-glucosidase ácida foi aprovada como tratamento específico dessa patologia. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do tratamento com TRE em pacientes com Doença de Pompe através de uma revisão sistemática com metanálises. Método: A revisão sistemática foi realizada a partir de buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas, com restrição do ano de publicação em 2006, e nas listas de referências dos artigos selecionados. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais prospectivos que avaliaram determinadas variáveis relacionando-as com a eficácia da TRE a partir da evolução dos doentes antes e após o tratamento. As variáveis utilizadas foram: teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M), capacidade vital forçada (CVF), nível sérico de creatinoquinase (CK) e índice de massa ventricular esquerda (IMVE). Resultados: Foram identificados 14 estudos para inclusão nas metanálises. Individualmente, poucos estudos mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante: 01 estudo primário na variável TC6M no referente à diferença média; e 2 na variável IMVE em ambas as metanálises nos cálculos de diferença média e diferença média padronizada. No referente à medida resumo, esta também se apresentou estatisticamente significante no TC6M e no IMVE no referente à diferença média e diferença média padronizada. Nenhum viés de publicação foi encontrado. Conclusões: O impacto da intervenção, no geral, nas quatro medidas representativas das variáveis, foi considerado de pequena magnitude (TC6M e CK com pequena magnitude; CVF sem efeito e IMVE com média magnitude). Porém, o IMVE que assumiu o maior valor correspondente à magnitude média. Outros estudos devem continuar sendo realizados porque apesar das diferenças identificadas entre os mesmos, o impacto clínico considerado como melhora, por menor que seja, merece destaque ao influenciar na sintomatologia do quadro grave da doença e no contexto o qual o paciente com a Doença de Pompe está inserido.
Oliveira, Taciana Sarmento Cardoso de. "Estudo do efeito da terapia de reposição hormonal no potencial evocado auditivo de mulheres na pós-menopausa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/11512.
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Introdução: No climatério, as mudanças no sistema auditivo têm sido atribuídas, em parte, aos baixos níveis de hormônio ovariano. Teoricamente, o estrógeno e, em menor escala, a progesterona, podem influenciar a função auditiva em diferentes níveis do sistema nervoso central (SNC) através da sua ação em receptores específicos existentes em vários órgãos e sistemas, incluindo a orelha interna. Há vários estudos que correlacionam as alterações da orelha interna com a ação de hormônios. Todavia, os resultados são controversos e contraditórios. Alguns estudos relatam efeitos positivos, outros, efeitos negativos ou nulos. Objetivo: Investigar a influência da terapia de reposição hormonal no potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE) em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo clínico prospectivo com 19 mulheres na pós-menopausa que utilizaram terapia de reposição hormonal (Grupo de Estudo - GE) e 25 mulheres na pós- menopausa que não utilizaram terapia de reposição hormonal ou placebo (Grupo Controle - GC), com idades entre 45 a 60 anos e limiar auditivo tonal maior ou igual a 25 dB nas frequências de 500 e 2.000 Hz, e até 40 dB nas frequências de 3.000 a 8.000 Hz. O PEATE foi avaliado antes e depois de três meses, em ambos os grupos. Foram comparadas as latências das ondas I, III, V, os interpicos I-III, III-V, I-V, as diferenças interaurais da onda V e do interpico I-V entre os dois grupos. Resultados: A média de idade não foi diferente entre os grupos (GE: 51,5 ± 0,7; GC: 52,9 ± 0,6). Não houve diferença significativa dos resultados entre os dois grupos (GE e GC) em termos das latências das ondas, interpicos ou diferenças interaurais (p>0,05), exceto em relação ao interpico III-V, que apresentou latências maiores no GC tanto no início quanto no final do estudo (p=0.003). Conclusão: Concluímos que a terapia de reposição hormonal oral combinada (acetato de noretisterona com estradiol) não modificou o PEATE de mulheres na pós-menopausa após três meses de uso contínuo. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Introduction: In menopause, changes in the auditory system have been attributed in part to low levels of ovarian hormone. Estrogen and to a lesser extent, progesterone, can influence auditory function at different levels of the central nervous system (CNS) through its action on specific receptors in various organs and systems, including the inner ear. There are several studies that correlate changes in the inner ear with the action of hormones. However, the results of these studies are controversial and contradictory. Some reported positive effects, other, null or negative effects. Objective: To investigate the influence of hormone replacement therapy in modifying the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in postmenopausal women. Methods: This is a clinical prospective study with 19 postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy (study group – SG) and 25 postmenopausal women who did not use either hormone replacement treatment or placebo (control group – CG), with ages ranging from 45 to 60 years and pure-tone thresholds of 25 dB or better at frequencies between 500 and 2.000 Hz and of 40 dB or better at frequencies between 3.000 and 8.000 Hz. The auditory brainstem response was evaluated before and after three months in both groups. We compared the latencies of the waves I, III, V; the interpeak intervals I-III, III-V, I-V; interaural differences of wave V latency and interpeak interval I-V between the two groups. Results: The mean ages was not different between groups (SG: 51.5±0.7; CG: 52.9±0.6). There were no significant differences on the results between the two groups (SG and CG) in terms of the latencies of the waves, interpeak intervals or interaural differences (p>0.05), except for the interpeak III-V in the CG that showed longer latencies at the beginning and at the end of the study (p=0.003). Conclusion: We concluded that combined oral hormone replacement therapy (estradiol plus northisterone acetate) had no effect over scores of ABR after three months of continuous use in postmenopausal women.
Lazar, Junior Felipe. "Terapia de reposição hormonal e indices de pulsatilidade das arterias uterina e carotida interna na pos-menopausa." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313356.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo ¿ Avaliar os efeitos da terapia de reposição hormonal sobre os índices de pulsatilidade das artérias uterinas e carótidas internas em mulheres na pósmenopausa. Sujeitos e Método ¿ Realizou-se um ensaio clínico prospectivo, controlado, aleatorizado e duplo cego. Oitenta mulheres foram alocadas e acompanhadas por 12 semanas em dois grupos de tratamento: 40 pacientes receberam 2mg de estradiol associados a 1mg de acetato de noretisterona de forma contínua, comparadas com 40 pacientes que receberam placebo. Setenta e seis mulheres concluíram o estudo, 38 em cada grupo. Foram realizadas medidas dos índices de pulsatilidade das artérias uterinas e carótidas internas através de ultra-sonografia bidimensional com Doppler em cores utilizando equipamento Aloka SSD 2000 com transdutor linear de 7,5MHz para as artérias carótidas e de 5,0MHz para as artérias uterinas. As aferições foram realizadas antes do início, com quatro e 12 semanas de tratamento. Análise dos dados ¿ Foi utilizado o teste t de student para amostras independentes na comparação das médias entre os grupos. A comparação das médias entre grupos ao longo do tempo foi feita com análise de variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA). O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para testar a correlação entre as diversas variáveis. Resultados ¿ A comparação das características das mulheres nos dois grupos mostrou que foram semelhantes em relação à idade, tempo de menopausa, índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial, colesterol total e frações e estradiol plasmático pré-tratamento. Nas artérias uterinas houve queda significativa no índice de pulsatilidade ao redor de 32%, atingindo o máximo na 12ª semana do estudo no grupo de usuárias de TRH. Nas artérias carótidas internas, os resultados mostraram que não houve diminuição significativa do índice de pulsatilidade nos grupos estudados. Observou-se através do coeficiente de correlação linear, que as variáveis idade e índice de massa corporal mostraram-se diretamente associadas ao índice de pulsatilidade da artéria carótida interna. No grupo que utilizou placebo, não houve alterações significativas entre quatro e 12 semanas de tratamento quando comparadas aos valores pré-tratamento. Conclusão ¿ A Terapia de Reposição Hormonal contínua foi efetiva em reduzir o índice de pulsatilidade da artéria uterina, sendo que este mesmo efeito não foi observado nas artérias carótidas internas. O efeito observado neste estudo sugere que a terapia de reposição hormonal combinada com estrogênios atua de forma diversa e individual sobre os vasos, dependendo do território estudado
Abstract: Objective: To compare the short-term effects of oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and placebo on carotid and uterine vascular impedance. Methods: Eighty postmenopausal women were randomized to 3 months treatment with oral continuous combined HRT or placebo. Carotid and uterine arteries pulsatility indices (PIs) were assessed by color Doppler at baseline, and after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. Seventy-six women completed the trial, 38 in the TRH group and 38 in the placebo group. The study had a 90% power to detect a difference between treatment groups of 0.05 in the carotid artery and of 0.25 in uterine artery PI at the 5% significance level. Results: The carotid PI did not decrease significantly in both groups. In the uterine arteries, the drop in PI was steeper and greater and reached its maximum at 3 months (32%). Drops in carotid PI correlated positively with baseline PI values, but were affected positively by age, time since menopause and BMI. Drops occurred at despite of the supposed counteract effect of norethisterone acetate. In the placebo group, there was no significantly difference between 4, and 12 weeks of treatment with the baseline. Conclusion: Oral continuous HRT are effective at 12 weeks in reducing impedance to flow in uterine circulation. This effect did not occur in the carotid circulation. This short-term vascular effect suggests that the vascular effect of HRT is not the same when comparing different territories
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
Castanho, Vera Sylvia. "Efeitos da menopausa e da terapia de reposição hormonal sobre parametros bioquimicos e radiologicos de aterosclerose precoce." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309021.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Esta tese envolveu estudos com 287 mulheres, 69 não menopausadas e 218 pós-menopausadas; destas 84 em e 124 sem terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH), todas atendidas em hospitais públicos da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo. As voluntárias foram recrutadas junto aos ambulatórios de dislipidemias (n=193), do Hospital das Clínicas Unicamp, e do ambulatório de menopausa (n=94), do CAISM/Unicamp. Seu intervalo de idades foi de 20 a 82 anos. As pós-menopausadas apresentavam idade acima de 40 anos e amenorréia por período superior a um ano. O grupo em terapia de reposição hormonal foi subdividido de acordo com o tipo de TRH em 2 subgrupos: pacientes em uso de estrógenos isoladamente (0.625mg/dia, n=48) ou pacientes em reposição hormonal combinada com acetato de medroxiprogesterona, (2,5mg/dia, 10% e 5mg/dia, 90%, n=36), por no mínimo um ano. Caracterizaram a metodologia a definição da menopausa, através do preenchimento de questionário sobre o tempo de amenorréia natural, a determinação do uso e tipo de terapia de reposição hormonal por meio de entrevistas, seguidas de exame médico clínico. Foi objetivo a determinação dos efeitos do uso da terapia de reposição hormonal oral no período pós-menopausal, estrogênica ou estrogênica associada à progestágenos sobre diversos marcadores séricos de oxidação no plasma. Como evento ponto-final da aterosclerose precoce determinou-se os efeitos da menopausa e da menopausa tratada com reposição hormonal sobre a aterosclerose precoce carotidiana e sua regulação metabólica. A abordagem de efeitos metabólicos da TRH foi realizada com a determinação após uso da terapia de reposição hormonal oral das atividades de proteínas reguladoras do metabolismo das lipoproteínas plasmáticas: a lípase hepática, a lipoproteína lipase, a proteína de transferência de colesteril-éster e a proteína de transferência de fosfolípides. Foram analisados também os seguintes parâmetros: colesterol, não HDL colesterol (NHDLcol), colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDLcol), colesterol de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDLcol), triglicérides (TG), apolipoproteínas (AI e B 100), lipoproteína (a) Lp(a), autoanticorpos anti-LDL oxidada, anticorpos anti-epítopos proteicos da apolipoproteína B oxidada (anti-D, anti-D2 e anti-A); atividades das proteínas de transferência de colesteril-éster (CETP) e de fosfolípides (PLTP), da lipase hepática (LH), da lipoproteína lipase (LPL), a atividade séricas da catalase, determinação do nitrato, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e PCR séricos. O parâmetro radiológico medido foi o espessamento íntimo-médio da camada carotídiana (EIM) das artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda (ultra-sonografia Doppler). A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através do programa SAS. Procedeu-se à correções para idade e IMC, quando indicado. A analise de regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para acessar a influência dos diversos parâmetros bioquímicos e antropométricos sobre a EIM carotídea. Foram observados vários efeitos bioquímicos e antropométricos pró-aterogênicos da menopausa: aumento do EIM, do IMC, da medida da cintura e títulos de autoanticorpos anti-LDL oxidada e anti-D. A terapia de reposição hormonal apresentou efeitos modificadores benéficos reduzindo a lipase hepática (maior magnitude com a terapia conjugada), aumento de HDLcol, redução de autoanticorpos anti-D2 e aumento da concentração da catalase, (maior magnitude na terapia combinada). Outros marcadores de estresse oxidativo os nitratos, as substancias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico e os lipoperóxidos não se modificaram com a TRH. Nas análises multivariadas a TRH conjugada e estrogênica modulou a EIM através de três fatores: via triglicérides, CETP (negativo) e lipoperóxidos (ao contrário do grupo sem TRH, com sete fatores de regulação); a terapia estrogênica atuou apenas via TG. Houve influência positiva do tratamento sobre a regulação positiva pela PCR a qual desapareceu. Este estudo reitera o risco aumentado para a doença cardiovascular (DCV) pelo aumento de um conjunto de fatores de risco na mulher em pós-menopausa, fato já demonstrado em estudos prévios. A TRH foi benéfica do ponto de vista de melhora do perfil de lípides. Modificou favoravelmente a lípase hepática aumentando o colesterol da HDL, lipoproteína anti-aterogênica. A redução de autoanticorpos contra a oxidação apoproteica B100 e o aumento da atividade sérica da catalase demonstram capacidade antioxidante maior e dredução do estersse oxidativo plasmático. Não menos importante e apesar do efeito ter sido insuficiente amostra populacional para alterar a EIM, a TRH modificou a modulação da aterosclerose precoce no sentido de maior ateroproteção
Abstract: This thesis was composed of studies conducted on 287 women: pre menopausal (69) and post (218); the last with (n=84, WHRT) and without (n=134, WTRT) hormone replacement therapy (HRT), attended at the UNICAMP university hospitals, São Paulo state. The volunteers were recruited from Hospital de Clínicas (n=193) and CAISM hospital (n=94). They aged from 20 to 82 years (y). Postmenopausal women were 40y old and above and presented amenorrhea for at least 1 year. WHRT women were subdivided in 2 groups: one using conjugated estrogens (0.625mg/day, n=48) or estrogen associated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5, 10% of all or 5mg/day 90% of all, n=36). The methodology was characterized by the menopause definition and through questionnaires and a clinical exam. The objective of this study was to verify if HRT, estrogenic or combined, modified plasmatic oxidative markers. The end-point for atherosclerosis was the measurement of common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as well as its metabolic regulation. The study also dtermined the activities of several proteins of lipid metabolism: lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, cholesteryl ester and phospholipid transfer protein under HRT estrogenic or combined. ELISA, nephelometric, enzymatic and radiometric methods were used to determine several parameters: cholesterol, non HDL cholesterol (NHDLchol), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol triglycerides (TG), apolipoproteins (AI e B 100), lipoprotein (a), Lp(a), autoantibodies against oxidized LDL, epitopes of oxidized apolipoprotein B100 (anti-D, anti-D2 e anti-A); activities of CETP, PLTP, HL LH and LPL, catalase, nitrates, TBARS, lipid peroxides, CRP. The radiologic common carotid intima-media thickness was done by Doppler ultrasound. The data were analyzed by the SAS statistical package. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the influence of diverse biochemical markers on carotid IMT. In this study several postmenopausal anthropometric and biochemical effects were pro-atherogenic: increases in IMT, BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), antibodies against oxidized LDL and anti-apoD antibodies titers. HRT showed beneficial actions, decreasing HL activity, reducing anti-D2 antibody titers, increasing HDLchol and catalase activity. The nitrate concentration, TBARS and hydroperoxides showed no changes with HRT. HRT improved the women¿s lipid profiles but not ApoAI and B100. decreased hepatic lipase and increased HDLchol, an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein, reduced anti-D2 and increased catalase activity. Although HRT was insufficient to modify IMT, the multivariate analysis demonstrated that conjugated and estrogen HRT modulated IMT through triglycerides concentration, CETP (negative) and lipid peroxides a situation differently from non-treated women that presented 7 modulators; under estrogenic treatment only TG regulated IMT. As well the hormone treatment influenced favorably excluding the effects positive of CRP. This study reinforces the higher risk of CAD in post-menopausal women and the beneficial action of HRT by improving lipid profiles. It changed favorably HL, HDL-cholesterol, decreased antibodies against oxidized apoB100 and increased catalase activity indicating reduced oxidative stress; not less important are the results showing that HRT although not changing carotid IMT, modified beneficially the relationship of precocious atherosclerosis and its modulators suggesting an atheroprotective action
Doutorado
Patologia Clinica
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Lacerda, Marília Santana Sousa de. "Associação entre climatério e indicadores nutricionais de obesidade em mulheres não usuárias de terapia de reposição hormonal." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1027.
Full textAt the beginning of climacteric women experience progressive weight gain and metabolic complications and evolve with changes in the distribution of body fat deposits. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between menopause and nutritional indicators of obesity, adjusted for age, lifestyle and resistênncia insulin in nonusers women hormone replacement therapy. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in the period from August to December 2015, with 103 women attending the Climacteric Clinic of the University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão and Clinical Research Center. It was applied to hum questionnaire containing sociodemographic variables, lifestyle and climacteric stage. Were assessed the nutritional indicators: body mass index, waist circumference, waist height and abdominal sagittal diameter. In addition to the biochemical blood glucose and fasting insulin markers, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and fractions. We used Poisson regression model with robust variance to verify the association between menopause and anthropometric indicators of obesity. In this study, women in the postmenopausal age group had between 50 and 65 years (p <0.001), with more than 10 years of education (62.1%), income below the minimum wage (50.5%) and up to 3 children (68.9%). As for lifestyle 49.5% were classified as sedentary and most reported not drinking alcohol (72.8%) and smoking (95.1%). Observed higher percentages of WHtR (82.2% vs. 63.8%; p = 0.039) and triglycerides (48.9% vs. 22.4%; p = 0.005) higher compared with women in pre- menopause. There was no statistically significant difference for BMI and WC. In the analysis of nutritional indicators of obesity with climacteric adjusted for age, HOMA, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking, menopause was associated only with the WHtR model (PR = 1.15; p = 0.011) and HOMA-IR, with models IMC, CC, WHtR and SAD (PR = 1.51; 1.20; 1.22; 1.30, respectively;. p <0.001 was concluded that all models analyzed were associated with HOMA-IR . Only the model of WHtR was associated with perimenopause, demonstrating that this indicator has identified increased adiposity in the abdomen in postmenopausal women.
No início do climatério as mulheres apresentam progressivo aumento de peso e evoluem com complicações metabólicas e alterações na distribuição dos depósitos de gordura corporal. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre o climatério e indicadores nutricionais de obesidade, em mulheres não usuárias de terapia de reposição hormonal. Realizou-se um estudo transversal analítico, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2015, com 103 mulheres atendidas no Ambulatório de Climatério do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão e no Centro de Pesquisa Clínica. Aplicou-se um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, estilo de vida e fase do climatério. Foram aferidos os indicadores nutricionais: índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, relação cintura estatura e diâmetro abdominal sagital. Além dos marcadores bioquímicos glicemia e insulina de jejum, HOMA-IR, colesterol total e frações. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para verificar a associação entre climatério e indicadores antropométricos de obesidade. Nesse estudo, as mulheres na pós-menopausa apresentaram faixa etária entre 50 e 65 anos (p<0,001), com mais de 10 anos de estudo (62,1%), renda inferior a um salário mínimo (50,5%) e com até 3 filhos (68,9%). Quanto ao estilo de vida 49,5% foram classificadas como sedentárias e a maioria referiu não consumir bebida alcoólica (72,8%) e não fumar (95,1%). Observou-se maiores percentuais de RCEst (82,2% vs 63,8%; p=0,039) e níveis de triglicerídeos (48,9% vs 22,4%; p=0,005) elevados quando comparadas com as mulheres na pré-menopausa. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para o IMC e a CC. Na análise dos indicadores nutricionais de obesidade com o climatério ajustada para idade, HOMA, atividade física, etilismo e tabagismo, o climatério apresentou associação apenas com o modelo da RCEst (RP= 1,15; p=0,011) e o HOMA-IR, com os modelos IMC, CC, RCEst e DAS (RP= 1,51; 1,20; 1,22; 1,30, respectivamente; p<0,001. Conclui-se que todos os modelos analisados apresentaram associação com o HOMA-IR. Apenas o modelo da RCEst apresentou associação com o climatério, demonstrando que este indicador identificou o aumento da adiposidade na região abdominal na pós-menopausa.
Monteiro, Siomara da Cruz. "Alterações bioquímicas e comportamentais causadas pela ovariectomia em ratas adultas. Efeito da suplementação com antioxidantes e soja." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10532.
Full textEstrogen also exerts diverse non-reproductive actions on multiple organs, including the brain, and it has been shown that estrogenic deprivation is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions and cerebral ischemia. There is a large body of literature to suggest that postmenopausal women are more vulnerable than younger women to such diseases and to cognitive deficits. However, due to the possible side effects of hormonal replacement therapy, such as breast cancer and increased risk of brain damages, there is a growing demand for alternative treatments of pathological processes and symptoms associated with menopause. In the present work, we investigated the effect of ovariectomy on biochemical parameters (Na+,K+- ATPase, cholinesterases and gangliosides), as well as on some parameters of oxidative stress and on spatial memory tasks. We also determined the actions of vitamins E and C or soy isoflavones on parameters altered by ovariectomy. Our results showed that ovariectomy increased significantly the activities of acetylcholinesterase, Na+, K+-ATPase and catalase, and did not alter the gangliosides content and profile, in brain of female adult rats. The activity of butyrylcholinesterase was inhibited by ovariectomy in serum. This effect on acetylcholinesterase activity could decrease acetylcholine levels, leading to reduction of cholinergic neurotransmission. The activation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity could cause hyperpolarization of synaptic membrane. Increased catalase activity could be a consequence of oxidative stress induced by ovariectomy. Besides, the present study reported an impairment of spatial navigation caused by ovariectomy in adult rats. Afterwards, we decided to evaluate the influence of vitamins E and C and soy isoflavone diet on parameters altered by ovariectomy. The treatment with vitamins E and C reversed the ovariectomy action on Na+,K+- ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities and on spatial memory. The supplementation with soy isoflavones reversed the activation of acetylcholinestersase caused by ovariectomy and did not alter the incresead in Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Both treatments used in this study were unable to alter the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase caused by ovariectomy. Besides, soy isoflavones diet, in the long term (60 days) and in the short term (30 days), protected against memory spatial deficit caused by ovariectomy. Considering that AMPA receptor modulation has been described as a necessary step to activation of cellular cascades during learning and memory formation, we also decided to investigate the effect of ovariectomy and the administration of vitamins E and C on the phosphorilation of different AMPAr subunits and on the possible modulation of the ERK1/2 – CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Our results show that ovariectomy significantly increases the phosphorilation of AMPAr subunit pGLU 2/3 Ser 880/891 and the treatment with vitamins E plus C reverts this activation. We did not find any modification in the levels of other phosphorilated subunits of AMPAr and no changes were found in the levels of pERK1/2 and pCREB between groups showing that ovariectomy and the treatment with these antioxidants were unable to alter the ERK1/2 – CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results show the effects of hormonal depletion on some biochemical viii and behavioral parameters and contribute to understand the symptoms and neurological dysfunction found in some menopausal women. Assuming the possibility that these phenomena may occur in humans, these dada are very encouraging, since vitamins E plus C and soy isoflavones may constitute a good alternative to a novel therapeutic strategy to block injurious effects associated to menopause.
Vailati, Beatriz. "Efeito do raloxifeno e baixa dose de 17 beta estradiol percutâneo nos sintomas climatéricos e endométrio: ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado com placebo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12642.
Full textMaia, Edna Marina Cappi. "Avaliação da espessura da pele apos terapia de reposição hormonal em mulheres menopausadas com dois esquemas terapeuticos ciclicos." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310109.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a espessura da pele em pacientes submetidas a um ano de terapia de reposição hormonal, com dois esquemas cíclicos diferentes. Para tanto foram estudadas 40 pacientes sendo que 20 delas receberam valerato de estradiol (2mg.) por 21 dias e acetato de ciproterona (1 mg.) nos últimos 10 dias, e as demais' receberam estrogênios eqüinos conjugados (0,625mg.) associado ao acetato de medroxiprogesterona (5mg.) nos últimos 10 dias, por um ano. A espessura da pele foi calculada através de medida ultrasonográfica em nível de trocanter femoral bilateral. A análise estatística foi realizada através do cálculo do QUI QUADRADO e análise de variância. Observou-se que após um ano de tratamento não ocorreram mudanças significativas na espessura da pele
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate skin thickness in patients submitted for one year of hormone replacement therapy using two differents cyclic schemes. Forty women were therefore studied, 20 of which received estradiol valerate (2mg) for a period of 21 days and cyproterone acetate (lmg) during the last 10 days for a period of one year. The other 20 women received a combination of equine conjugated estrogene (0,625mg) for a period of 21 days and medroxy progesterone acetate during the last 10 days, for a period of one year. Skin thickness was evaluated by means of pulsed ultrasound technique at a bilateral femoral trochanter leveI. The statistical analisys showed no significant changes in skin thickness after one year of treatment
Doutorado
Tocoginecologia
Doutor em Medicina
Andrade, Carlos Augusto Ferreira de. "Efeito dos contraceptivos orais e de terapia de reposição hormonal sobre a artrite reumatóide: abordagem pela utilização meta-análise." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2003. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4408.
Full textIntrodução: A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma doença inflamatória sistêmica crônica, de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada pelo acometimento das articulações periféricas. Entre seus fatores predisponentes destaca-se o papel dos hormônios sexuais femininos. Estudos realizados para avaliar o efeito dos contraceptivos orais (CO) e da terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) no risco e na atividade da AR apresentaram resultados contraditórios. Pela utilização da meta-análise (MA) pode-se abordar associações entre exposições e desfechos para os quais existem estudos com resultados inconclusivos ou contraditórios. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito dos CO e da TRH no risco de AR e da TRH na atividade da AR. Metodologia: Foram realizadas três MA (...). A análise dos dados compreendeu a estimativa das medidas-sumário para dados categóricos e contínuos, como o uso de técnicas para investigar heterogeneidade de resultados. Resultados: Foram encontrados 20 estudos para a MA referente ao uso passado ou presente (qualquer uso) de CO e o risco de AR, estimando um odds ratio ajustado combinado (ORajc) de 0,73 (0,58-0,92; p=0,008) para os estudos caso-controle e um risco relativo ajustado e combinado (RRajc) de 0,95 (0,78-1,15; p=0,58) para estudos de coorte. Houve uma importante heterogeneidade entre os resultados dos estudos caso-controle. As variáveis responsáveis por esta heterogeneidade foram o país onde se realizou o estudo, a origem dos casos e dos controles, assim como o número de variáveis usadas no ajuste do OR. Seis estudos foram identificados sobre o efeito da TRH no risco de AR, observando um ORajc de 0,76 (0,37-1,53; p=0,43) para os estudos caso-controle e um Rrajc de 0,78 (0,49-1,24; p=0,29) para estudos de coorte. Assim como no caso anterior, observou-se heterogeneidade entre os resultados dos estudos caso-controle. Dentre os quatro estudos referentes ao efeito da TRH na atividade da AR, apenas um mostrou efeito sobre a atividade da doença. Conclusões: 1) Há uma tendência à proteção contra AR pelo uso de CO, pelo menos nos estudos caso-controle. 2) Não há evidências de proteção ou risco de AR pelo uso de TRH. 3) Não há evidências de que a TRH atue na atividade de doença da AR. 4) Existe uma importante heterogeneidade entre os estudos, tanto de CO quanto de TRH. 5) Do ponto de vista clínico, as evidências ainda parecem pouco claras para recomendar o uso de CO na prevenção da AR, contudo, aparentemente também não há aumento de risco de AR pelo uso de CO.
Vairo, Filippo Pinto e. "O sistema imune na Doença de Gaucher." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117908.
Full textBackground: Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by the reduced activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, which leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside in the macrophages and a chronic stimulation of the immune system. Although the macrophage has been better studied, there are some findings regarding the role of other immunological cells in the pathophysiology of GD. GD patients have elevated levels of immunoglobulins and an increased incidence of hematological malignancies, possibly due to the imbalance of regulatory cytokines. Objectives: To characterize the involvement of the immune system in GD by analyzing clinical and biochemical features, variability of HLA and KIR genes and the cytokines expression in a cohort of patients from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methodology: Regarding the HLA and KIR genes study, DNA samples from 31 patients with GD type I were analyzed and compared to 250 healthy controls. For studies related to the variation of cytokines, samples from 14 patients with Gaucher type I off treatment and after 6 months of regular treatment were compared. Results/Discussion: The HLA B37 allele was more frequent in patients with GD than in controls (p = 0.01). The age of onset was associated with KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 combination with its ligand HLA-C1 (p = 0.038). Patients with the HLA-C2 appear to exhibit increased susceptibility to develop monoclonal or polyclonal bands on protein electrophoresis (p = 0.007, OR = 21.3). An association between the DR11 (p=0.008) and DR13 (p=0.011) alleles and disease severity was found. BDNF is decreased in patients with GD compared to healthy controls and increases after ERT while osteopontin seems to be more sensitive than chitotriosidase for assessing response to treatment. When evaluating the variation of cytokines, we found a significant decrease of TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and MDC and significant increased GRO, PAI-1 and leptin after treatment. Conclusion: Our data suggest a possible association between variants of KIR and HLA genes and phenotypic expression presented by GD patients. Furthermore, we demonstrate the variability of different cytokines after treatment and some of them can be used for monitoring the response to treatment of patients.
Fávaro, Wagner José 1980. "Expressão e reposição estrogenica e androgenica no lobo ventral da prostata de camundongos diabeticos (NOD) frente a terapia insulinica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/318010.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Estudos clínicos e experimentais indicam que o diabetes provoca alterações no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal, prejudicando o funcionamento prostático. Assim, os objetivos do presente estudo foram caracterizar os aspectos morfológicos, proliferativos e imunológicos dos compartimentos epitelial e estromal do lobo ventral da próstata de camundongos diabéticos após controle glicêmico prolongado e reposição hormonal. Além disso, correlacionaram-se os resultados obtidos a possíveis processos de patogênese prostática. Um total de 40 camundongos machos da linhagem Nod (diabético não-obeso) e 08 camundongos controles BALB/c/ Uni, com 18 semanas de idade, foram divididos em seis grupos, após 20 dias de diabetes: Grupo Controle recebeu injeções subcutâneas de 5mL/Kg de soro fisiológico 0,9% diariamente por 20 dias; Grupo Diabético recebeu o mesmo tratamento que o grupo controle; Grupo Diabético-Insulina recebeu injeções subcutâneas de 4-5UI de insulina NPH diariamente por 20 dias; Grupo Diabético- Testosterona recebeu injeções subcutâneas de 5mg/Kg de Cipionato de Testosterona em dias alternados por 20 dias; Grupo Diabético-Estrógeno recebeu injeções subcutâneas de 25µg/Kg de 17ß-estradiol em dias alternados por 20 dias; Grupo Diabético-Insulina- Testosterona-Estrógeno recebeu tratamento simultâneo com insulina, testosterona e estrógeno, nas mesmas concentrações que nos grupos diabético-insulina, diabéticotestosterona e diabético-estrógeno. Após 20 dias de tratamento todos os animais foram sacrificados e amostras do lobo ventral da próstata foram coletadas para análises morfológicas, morfométricas, imunohistoquímicas, Western Blotting e hormonais. Os resultados mostraram marcantes desorganizações estruturais e diminuição das proteínas de adesão, a e ß distroglicanas, as quais foram mais intensas no grupo diabético em relação aos demais grupos. O estado diabético mostrou uma taxa de proliferação e apoptose duas vezes maior em relação ao grupo controle. Ainda, os resultados mostraram diminuição dos níveis séricos de testosterona e seus receptores, sendo que o grupo diabético apresentou menor valor para essa variável seguido em ordem crescente pelos grupos diabético-insulina, diabético-testosterona, diabético-estrógeno e diabético-insulina-testosterona-estrógeno. Os níveis séricos de estradiol e seus receptores tiveram relação oposta à testosterona. O receptor de IGF-1 apresentou intensa localização no grupo diabético. Assim, pode-se concluir que o diabetes comprometeu o balanço hormonal e a interação epitélio-estroma, causando prejuízo morfológico e funcional desse órgão caracterizado pela diminuição da imunolocalização das proteínas de adesão. A associação entre insulina e reposição de hormônios sexuais esteróides foi determinante para a recuperação estrutural e hormonal. Além disso, o aumento da imunolocalização de IGF-1 sugeriu que o diabetes pode ser considerado um fator deflagrador de processo mitogênico na próstata. Contudo, a reposição hormonal não recuperou os níveis normais de IGFR-1. Por outro lado, a reposição de insulina e hormônios esteróides indicou recuperação parcial dos níveis desse receptor. Um bom entendimento da relação entre esses fatores poderá melhorar as atuais terapias para o tratamento de doenças prostáticas, bem como dos processos diagnósticos nesse órgão.
Abstract: Diabetes adversely affects prostate morphology and function through alterations in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize morphological, proliferative and immunological features of the prostate of diabetic mice after long term glycemic control and hormonal replacement, and as well as to relate these parameters to prostate pathogenesis. A total of 40 mice Nod (Non-obese diabetic) and 8 control mice (BALB/c/Uni), 18 weeks old, were divided into six groups after 20 days of diabetes: the control group received a daily dose of 0.9% NaCl (5 mL/kg, s.c.) for 20 days, as did the diabetic group. The diabetic-insulin group received daily doses of NPH insulin (4-5 IU, s.c.), the diabetic-testosterone group received a supraphysiological dose of testosterone cypionate (5 mg/kg, s.c.) every other day for 20 days, the diabetic-estrogen group received a supraphysiological dose of 17ß-estradiol (25 µg/kg, s.c.) every other day for 20 days and the diabetic-insulin-testosterone-estrogen group received insulin, testosterone and estrogen, simultaneously, at the same concentrations given to the other groups. The mice were sacrificed after 20 days of treatment and samples from the prostatic ventral lobe were processed for morphological, morphometrical, immunological, western blotting and hormonal analyses. The results showed structural disorganization and diminished adhesion proteins, a and b dystroglycans, which were more intense in the diabetic group than in the other groups. The diabetic state showed a proliferation and apoptosis rate that was two times higher than that found in the control group. Also, there was a decrease in serum testosterone levels (diabetic mice and diabetic-insulin-testosteroneestrogen mice had the greatest and smallest decreases, respectively) and in the level of androgen receptor immunolocalization. The serum estrogen level and its receptor showed changes opposite to those of testosterone and its receptor. The greatest IGF receptor localization occurred in diabetic mice. Thus, it could be concluded that diabetes disturbed the prostatic hormonal balance and the stroma-epithelium interaction, leading to morphological and functional imbalance of this organ characterized by the decrease immunolocalization of the adhesion proteins. Concomitant treatment with insulin and steroid hormone therapy was determinative for glandular structural and hormonal restoration. Furthermore, the increased immunolocalization of IGF-1 suggested that diabetes may be an important factor to the mitogenic process. However, hormonal therapy did not restore the distribution of IGF-1 to normal. On the other hand, concomitant treatment with insulin and steroid hormone therapy showed partial recovery of the IGFR-1 levels. A proper understanding of the relationship between these two factors could improve the current therapies for treating prostate diseases as well as diagnostics.
Doutorado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Silva, Maria Fernanda Gouveia da. ""Alterações cognitivas em mulheres com quadros depressivos na perimenopausa: o efeito da terapia de reposição hormonal com estradiol transdérmico"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-13042006-164334/.
Full textPerimenopause is the female reproductive life period characterized by several changes including cognitive impairments related to hypoestrogenism. In a randomized double-blind study 16 depressive perimenopaused women took estradiol, while another group of 16 depressive perimenopaused women took placebo. Cognitive alterations associated to attention, memory and language, and estradiol hormone replacement therapy effects were evaluated. In addition, correlations among symptoms of depression and menopause, and cognitive alterations were also analyzed. The results had shown, in both groups, an improvement in inhibitory mental control, in immediate and delayed (verbal and visual) memory, and in naming capacity. In the group that received hormone replacement therapy our findings revealed a weakening of depression and menopause symptoms, which had shown no correlation with cognitive functions
Filippon, Letícia. "Investigação de parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em pacientes com mucopolissacaridose tipo II o efeito da terapia de reposição enzimática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28826.
Full textMucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal storage disease, which has Xlinked inheritance, caused by deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatan and heparan sulfate. The partially degraded GAGs accumulate in lysosomes, leading to cellular, tissue and organic dysfunction. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of this disease are not completely understood. Considering that the generation of free radicals is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including some inborn errors of metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress parameters in patients with MPS II, before and during the first six months of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). It was veified significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl group content in plasma as well as erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activity in patients with MPS II before treatment when compared with controls. On the other hand, plasma sulfhydryl group content and total antioxidant status (TAS) were significantly reduced, while erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not altered before the beginning of treatment when compared to controls. During ERT, there was a significant reduction in MDA levels and a significant increase in sulfhydryl groups, when compared to pretreatment. Also, it was analyzed the DNA damage in peripheral leukocytes by the comet assay in MPS II patients at pretreatment and during ERT. It was verified a significant increase in DNA damage before treatment when compared with controls and ERT induced a significant reduction of this damage compared to pretreatment. Furthermore, we observed a significant positive correlation between DNA damage and MDA levels as well as with carbonyl group content. Our results show that MPS II patients are subject to lipid, protein and DNA oxidative damage and, for the first time, show that ERT is able to protect them against such damage.
Souza, Monica Vinhas de. "Avaliação de tecnologias de saúde envolvendo doenças raras e tratamentos inovadores : Doença de Fabry e terapia de reposição enzimática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/152861.
Full textBACKGROUND. According to the WHO definition rare diseases occur between 0.65-1/1,000 individuals. The U.S. 'Orphan Drug Act' in 1983', the first legislation with incentives for the development of therapies for rare diseases had an impact on the development of treatments for these diseases. Fabry Disease (FD) is a rare genetic disease characterized by accumulation of glycosphingolipids in vascular endothelium leading to systemic dysfunction (renal, cardiovascular, and neurologic disease). This disease has specific treatment available, with two options of recombinant enzymes (alfa or betagalsidase) for enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). There are few controlled trials evaluating their effects, indicating some improvements in neuropathic pain, in heart abnormalities and in globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) levels. Nevertheless most of the clinical benefits of ERT are still unclear. Another aspect is the high cost associated with this treatment which makes it not easily accessible. OBJECTIVES: General Objective: Evaluate access to rare disease treatments in Brazil and the applicability of health technology assessment (HTA) in the context of these diseases. Specific objectives: 1) Evaluate the Brazilian governmental policies for rare diseases treatment and how the access to the treatments is actually done. 2) Evaluate the applicability of health technology assessment (HTA) in the context of rare diseases, using the example of Fabry disease. 3) Identify and propose strategies that could contribute to a fair access to clinically effective treatments for of rare diseases. METHODS: An extensive literature review about the Brazilian policies in the area was performed. In the sequence a systematic review about the subject ERT and FD was conducted. After this, a model estimating the likelihood of nephropathy progression with or without ERT was built, followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis. Another literature review focused in the identification of obstacles to accessibility and possible strategies to overcome them was conducted. RESULTS: 1) There is no specific policy in Brazil regarding high cost drugs for the treatment of rare diseases. 2) ERT appears to slow the progression of nephropathy in the Fonly proteinuria subgroup '. However the cost associated is very high making this option not cost-effective. 3) The accessibility to innovative treatments for rare diseases is not adequate and the high cost of these therapies is a major obstacle to change this scenario. CONCLUSION: There are no policies in Brazil to systematize the access to the specific (high cost) treatments for rare diseases. The model evaluating TRE in FD nephropathy was able to identify benefits for a subgroup of patients. It was the first known model using this specific outcome and built focusing the Brazilian context. However the ERT strategy was not cost-effective for this outcome. The costs associated with these therapies are very high and an important limiting factor to the access. the central. New options should be considered to offer adequate access to the (effective) therapies.
Netto, Claudia Cardoso. "Avaliação da biopotencia dos frutooligossacarideos (FOS) e da terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) no metabolismo de calcio de ratas ovarectomizadas." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256027.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
Salum, Lívia de Barros. "Estudos in silico no planejamento de candidatos a novos fármacos na terapia do câncer de mama e de reposição hormonal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-09042008-121318/.
Full textEstrogens exert important physiological effects through two human estrogen receptor subtypes (hERs), alpha (hER?) and beta (hER?). While hER? is a macromolecular target of great importance for breast cancer therapy, hER? is an attractive drug target for the development of novel therapeutic agents for hormone replacement therapy. Progress towards the design of modulators having improved potency, affinity and selectivity requires the optimization of multiple ligand-receptor interactions. The strong multidisciplinary character of modern Medicinal Chemistry supplies a rich arsenal of useful rational strategies for the design of new drug candidates. Molecular modeling tools and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) are integrated into the drug design process in the search of bioactive molecules having optimized properties. In this study, standard data sets were organized for different chemical classes of ER modulators, integrating the qualified information about chemical structure associated to the corresponding pharmacological property. The data sets established the scientific basis for the development of models employing the hologram QSAR, CoMFA and GRID/PCA methods. The final HQSAR and CoMFA models possess high internal and external consistency, with good correlative and predictive power. The generated QSAR and GRID/PCA models as well as the information gathered from the 3D contour maps provide useful guidelines for the design of new selective ER modulators having improved affinity and potency.
Lima, Junior Jose Alaercio de Toledo. "Variações no indice de massa corporal, pressão arterial, colesterol e triglicerides em usuarios ou não de terapia de reposição hormonal." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313653.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da terapia de reposição hormonal sobre a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, índice de massa corporal, colesterol total e triglicérides de mulheres na pós-menopausa. Foram avaliadas retrospectivamente, por um período de três anos, 166 usuárias e 136 não-usuárias de reposição hormonal, acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Menopausa do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, avaliando-se a variação desses parâmetros ao final de cada ano em relação aos parâmetros iniciais. A análise dos dados foi realizada usando-se o Teste T de Student, Teste de Mann-Whitney e o Teste Não-Paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Observou-se que a pressão arterial sistólica das usuárias de terapia de reposição hormonal foi estatisticamente menor ao final do terceiro ano de uso quando comparada com os valores iniciais (p=0,01). Não houve diferença significativa na pressão arterial diastólica entre as usuárias e as não-usuárias. Não foram observadas variações significativas no índice de massa corporal, colesterol total e triglicérides quando se comparou as usuárias e não-usuárias durante os três anos de observação. Concluiu-se que a terapia de reposição hormonal não produziu alterações nos parâmetros estudados em mulheres adequadamente acompanhadas durante o seu uso
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the body mass index, the total cholesterol and the triglycerides of postmenopausal women. For this purpose, 166 users and 136 non-users of hormone replacement were evaluated retrospectively in a period of three years. All women were assisted at the Menopause Outpatient Clinic of CAISM -UNICAMP, where the variations of these parameters were evaluated at the end of each year in relation to the initial parameters. The data analysis was performed through Student's t test, Mann-Whitney test, and the Wilcoxon nonparametric test. We observed that the systolic blood pressure of HRT users was statistically lower at the end of the third year of use, comparing to the initial values (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure between users and non-users. There were no significant variations observed in the body mass index, the total cholesterol and triglycerides when comparing users and non-users during the three years of observation. It is concluded that Hormone Replacement Therapy did not produce changes in the parameters studied in women properly assisted during the use of HRT
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Lopes, Cristina Garcia. "Integralidade na saúde da mulher: a questão do climatério." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2007. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5359.
Full textO presente estudo, do tipo qualitativo e exploratório, teve por objetivo analisar o atendimento à mulher no climatério dentro da atenção primária à saúde, sob a perspectiva da integralidade, a partir da observação desse atendimento em uma rede municipal específica. Foram entrevistadas onze (11) mulheres participantes dos grupos de climatério e sete (7) profissionais de saúde de duas unidades básicas de saúde e do Departamento de Saúde da Mulher, na cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, selecionadas aleatoriamente. O trabalho permitiu a caracterização do climatério como uma fase crítica para a saúde da mulher, onde cuidados são necessários e intervenções em saúde são possíveis, o que mostra a importância da incorporação desse atendimento específico na rede pública de saúde. Os grupos de climatério se mostraram como uma ação de importância para a atenção à mulher nessa fase, sendo percebida de modo positivo tanto pelas usuárias quanto pelos profissionais envolvidos. Porém, problemas quanto à continuidade da ação e acesso ao serviço foram relatados tanto por usuárias quanto por profissionais, o que merece reavaliação pela rede municipal em questão. Na rede municipal de saúde estudada, a perspectiva da integralidade esteve presente no planejamento de algumas ações específicas para a mulher no climatério, mas a tradição de ações verticalizadas de saúde ainda compromete o alcance desse princípio dentro da rede citada, entre outros problemas relatados. Na percepção do climatério, houve uma concordância em caracterizá-lo como um período que tende a alterar o modo normal de vida, independente de haver sintomas associados. A complexidade de fatores envolvidos mostra a necessidade de atenção e investigação do climatério por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Acreditamos, com esse estudo, estarmos contribuindo na formulação de novas questões sobre o tema e no planejamento de ações destinadas à mulher no climatério, sob a perspectiva da integralidade.
Oneda, Bruna. "Efeitos da terapia de reposição estrogênica nas respostas hemodinâmicas e neurais ao exercício físico agudo em mulheres no período pós-menopausa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-19032010-114027/.
Full textThe post-menopause is marked by physiological hemodynamic and metabolic changes. The estrogen replacement therapy is a way to reduce the consequences of hormone deficiency and physical exercise contributes significantly to the reduction of cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate in post-menopausal women the isolated and associated effects of oral estrogen therapy (TRH) and physical training (TF) in the neural and hemodynamic responses during baseline and \"handgrip\" exercises. Forty-five women (51 ± 3 years), hysterectomized, with or without ovaries, healthy, participated of an initial session and then they were divided into 4 groups SEDPLA (n = 11), SED-TRH (n = 14), TF-PLA (n = 12) and TF-TRH (n = 8). The TRH groups received estradiol valerate 1 mg / day; PLA placebo; TF, performed aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer for 50 minutes, 3 times a week and SED remained sedentary. All subjects participated in a second experimental session after 6 months of follow-up. In the experimental sessions peripheral sympathetic nerve activity (ANSP - microneurography), blood pressure, heart rate (FC - oscillometry - Dixtal lower limb), forearm blood flow (FSA - plethysmography) were evaluated at the baseline period and during static and dynamic \"handgrip\" exercises at 30% of the maximum force. ANOVA was used for the statistica analysis. The TF alone decreased ANSP from 40 ± 7 to 34 ± 4 bursts/min, P = 0.01 and increased FSA 1.92 ± 0.96 to 2.65 ± 1.34 ml (min.100ml), P = 0.03 at the baseline. The association of TRH and TF reduced HR at the baseline from 65 ± 8 to 62 ± 7 bpm (P=0.01) and during exercise with static and dynamic \"handgrip\". HRT alone or associated with TF decreased the HR responses during static and dynamic \"handgrip exercises. In conclusion, the interventions alone or in an associated way promote neural and hemodynamic changes that may contribute to cardiovascular risk reduction in healthy postmenopausal women.
Labidi, Afef Tlili. "PERFIL ALIMENTAR, AVALIAÇÃO DO FLUXO SALIVAR E XEROSTOMIA EM MULHERES NO CLIMATÉRIO USUÁRIAS E NÃO USUÁRIAS DE TERAPIA DE REPOSIÇÃO HORMONAL." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1165.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
INTRODUCTION: In climateric, there are sweeping changes that can be felt also in the oral cavity by hyposalivation or xerostomia, which can be minimized with Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). The dietary profile in premenopausal women helps prevent the most prevalent diseases in this age group. Therefore, the analysis of food consumption in premenopausal women helps deepen new approaches to dietary intervention for the prevention and control, enabling them a better quality of life. OBJECTIVES: We aim to investigate the dietary profile and the relationship between low flow rate of saliva and xerostomia in menopausal women users and nonusers of HRT. METHODS: Cross and prospective research by the application of questionnaires and salivary flow analysis in menopausal women who attended the University Hospital of UFMA in 2009 and 2010. They were divided into two groups A and B. Group A was composed of women using HRT and Group B for non-users. RESULTS: Group A had a higher volume of salivary flow compared with Group B (p = 0.021). Xerostomia was found to be a symptom independent of salivary flow rate, and was present mostly in Group B. The highest mean BMI was found in Group B. The consumption of sugars and fats dominated in obese type II, in thin vegetables, of fruits in overweight, and of milk and dairy products in normal weight. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the assessment of dietary consumption, this study showed that menopausal women eat incorrectly in quantitative and qualitative terms, with a trend toward greater consumption of fats. We also conclude that HRT is beneficial regarding symptoms of dry mouth and increase of salivary flow.
INTRODUÇÃO: No climatério, há intensas transformações que podem ser sentidas também na cavidade oral, pela hipossalivação ou xerostomia, o que pode ser minimizado com a Terapia de Reposição Hormonal (TRH). O adequado perfil alimentar em mulheres climatéricas ajuda a prevenir as doenças mais prevalentes nessa faixa etária. Portanto, a análise do consumo alimentar de mulheres climatéricas ajuda a aprofundar novas abordagens na intervenção alimentar para a prevenção e controle, possibilitando-lhes uma melhor qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS: Investigar o perfil alimentar e a relação existente entre hipofluxo salivar e xerostomia em mulheres climatéricas usuárias e não usuárias de TRH. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e prospectivo pela aplicação de questionários e análise do fluxo salivar em mulheres climatéricas que compareceram ao Hospital Universitário da UFMA em 2009 e 2010. Elas foram divididas em dois grupos A e B. O Grupo A foi composto por mulheres usuárias de TRH (estradiol 1mg/dia durante 12 meses seguidos) e o Grupo B por não usuárias. RESULTADOS: O Grupo A apresentou maior volume de fluxo salivar em comparação com o Grupo B (p=0,021). A xerostomia mostrou-se um sintoma independente da taxa de fluxo salivar, e esteve presente, em sua maioria, no Grupo B. O maior IMC médio foi encontrado no Grupo B. O consumo de açúcares e gorduras predominou nas obesas grau II, de hortaliças nas magras, de frutas nas com sobrepeso e de leites e derivados nas eutróficas. CONCLUSÕES: A partir da avaliação do consumo alimentar, este estudo demonstrou que as mulheres climatéricas alimentam-se de forma incorreta do ponto de vista quantitativo e qualitativo, havendo uma tendência ao maior consumo de gorduras. Conclui-se também que a TRH traz benefícios em relação aos sintomas de secura bucal e aumento do fluxo salivar.
Barbosa, Jorge Antônio Rodrigues. "Qualidade de vida na deficiência isolada e genética do hormônio de crescimento (GH). Efeitos da terapia de reposição com o GH." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2007. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3728.
Full textReduction in the quality of life (QOL) is commonly described in the growth hormone (GH) deficiency, with reports of benefits of GH replacement therapy in QOL. In most of the descriptions, GH deficiency is not isolated, of adult onset type and has multiple causes with its respective treatments that by themselves can influence QOL. In the present work we evaluated (QOL) by the questionnaire Questions on Life Satisfaction Hypopituitarism Module (QLS-H) in 20 adult with isolated deficiency of GH (IGHD) due to a mutation in the GH releasing hormone receptor gene (IGHD, 10 men) comparing with 20 controls (CO, 10 men). Additionally IGHD group was evaluated after 6 months of treatment with long acting GH (Nutropin Depot®, Genentech ) given subcutaneously every 15 days ( pGH) and after 12 months of its interruption (12M). There was not difference in the total score of QOL (TSQOL) among the groups IGHD and CO, 90(50,25) and 93 (79,25) respectively, median (interquartile range) and nor in any of the nine categories that composes the TSQOL. Similar results were obtained when data were analyzed by sex. Despite modest but significant trough serum insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) increase GH treatment didn't influence TSQOL in pGH 100(51) and 12M 93(38). Only the score of perception of the satisfaction with the physical resistance increased (p=0,01) in the time pGH. In conclusion, genetic and lifelong DIGH doesn't reduce the QOL and the treatment with long-acting GH for 6 months didn't also influence it, in spite of the improvement of the perception of the satisfaction with the physical resistance, obtained with the treatment.
Redução na qualidade de vida (QV) é comumente descrita na deficiência do hormônio do crescimento (GH) com relatos de benefícios de terapia de reposição com o GH sobre a mesma. Na maioria das descrições, a deficiência do GH não é isolada, tem início na idade adulta e comporta múltiplas etiologias com seus respectivos tratamentos, os quais por si próprios podem influenciar a QV. No presente trabalho avaliamos a QV através do questionário Questions on Life Satisfaction Hypopituitarism Module (QLS-H) de 20 indivíduos adultos com deficiência isolada do GH devido a uma mutação no gene do receptor do hormônio liberador do GH (DIGH, 10 homens) comparando com 20 controles (CO, 10 homens). Adicionalmente o grupo DIGH foi avaliado após 6 meses de tratamento com GH de depósito ministrado subcutâneo a cada 15 dias (após GH) e após 12 meses da sua interrupção (12M). Não houve diferença no escore total de qualidade de vida (ETQV) entre os grupos DIGH e CO, 90(50,25) e 93 (79,25), respectivamente, mediana (distância interquartilica) e nem em alguma das nove categorias que compõem o ETQV. Resultado semelhante foi obtido quando analisado por sexo. Apesar de modesto, mas significante aumento dos níveis de vale do fator de crescimento semelhante a insulina tipo I (IGF-I), o tratamento com GH não influenciou o ETQV após GH 100(51) e 12M 93(38). Apenas o escore de percepção da satisfação com a resistência física aumentou (p=0,01) no tempo após GH. Em conclusão, DIGH genética e vitalícia não reduz a qualidade de vida e o tratamento com GH de depósito durante 6 meses também não a influenciou, apesar da melhora na percepção da satisfação com a resistência física obtida com o tratamento.
Pádua, Márcia Aparecida de Faria. "Terapia hormonal em mulheres na pós-menopausa com hepatite crônica pelo vírus C." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-20082007-155806/.
Full textOBJECTIVE: To analize climacteric symptoms, liver function, hemostasis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, during hormone therapy. DESIGN: Patients were divided in two groups: Group TH (Case Group) - 25 patients on transdermal hormone therapy (50mcg of estradiol and 170 mcg of norethisterone/day) for 9 months, and Group NT (Control Group) - 25 hormone-untreated patients, both with climacteric symptoms. Menopause was confirmed by measuring FSH, LH and estradiol, and hepatitis C was diagnosed by serology, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and liver biopsy (histological type stages I to IV). Both groups were evaluated in the months 0, 1, 4, 7 and 9; and the climacteric symptoms measured by using Kupperman menopausal index, liver function and hemostasis by the following laboratory tests: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time (PT), factor V, fibrinogen and platelets. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student\'s t test, Mann-Whitney test and two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures were applied. After analysis of variance, multi-factor analysis of variance was applied for the statistically significant effects using contrasts or Dunnett?s test. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 53.72 and the mean age of menopause was 47.3 years. The total mean scores for vasomotor symptoms, fatigue, palpitations and the sum of the values attributed to Kupperman menopausal index do change throughout time (p<0.05). Levels of alkaline phosphatase show alteration throughout time (p<0.05), although, other measures for liver function and hemostasis present no mean difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: There was an improvement in climacteric symptoms. No change was found in hemostasis levels or liver function. However, alkaline phosphatase levels significantly improved in Group TH starting in month 4; therefore, an increase in quality of life was observed.