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Kubowicz, Daria. "Management of cargo flow processes at a maritime terminal container with the use of information systems of the TOS type." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (2019): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.092.
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The article explains and discusses the logistic processes occuring inside a maritime container terminal. The processes relate to import as well as export of the goods. A brief characteristisc of the handling equipment, such as: Automated Guided Vehicle, Rail Mounted Gantry Crane, Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane and Ship-to-shore crane has been carried out. During the internal transportation of the containers within the terminal, all the procedures must integrate together. Due to large number of processes taking place in terminals, they base on operating systems such as: Terminal Operating Systems. The characteristics of TOS operating in polish container terminals has been performed. The TOS are IT tools facilitating management of the terminal and leading to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose of the article is to highlight advantages and benefits of using systems such as TOS..
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Muhammad Rangga Hidayat, Rizky Yudi Prasetyo, and Arif Rachman Dillah. "Peninjauan Terhadap Implementasi Sistem TOS Nusantara di Area Tanjung Priok." MIMBAR ADMINISTRASI FISIP UNTAG Semarang 20, no. 1 (2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/mia.v20i1.654.
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This study aims to find out from a review of the effective implementation of TOS NUSANTARA in the Tanjung Priuk 2 area. The research method used is a qualitative and descriptive research method where research is on observation and observation in the Pier Area 009 Tanjung Priok 1 which has implemented the TOS NUSANTARA system and solved a problem because the TOS NUSANTARA system has not been used in the Tanjung Priok 2 Domestic Area. TOS is an application system that operates Container Terminals. The system regulated in the TOS (Terminal Operating System) can view data online and in real time. The purpose of the TOS system is to manage the planning of goods, tools and all facilities used in all activities at the port efficiently and effectively. Terminal Operating Systems often use other technologies.
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Hervás-Peralta, Miguel, Sara Poveda-Reyes, Gemma Molero, Francisco Santarremigia, and Juan-Pascual Pastor-Ferrando. "Improving the Performance of Dry and Maritime Ports by Increasing Knowledge about the Most Relevant Functionalities of the Terminal Operating System (TOS)." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (2019): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061648.
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Maritime transport in the European Union has increased in the last years, triggering congestion in many of the most important sea and river ports. A lot of works have highlighted how the connection between these ports and dry ports can contribute to reducing port congestion and emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This work aims to improve the knowledge about the functionalities of Terminal Operating Systems (TOSs) managing container terminals of sea, river, and dry ports, with the aim of improving their performance and contributing to reducing congestion and GHG emissions to achieve a higher sustainability. The contribution and novelty of this paper in the field of container-terminals logistics research is the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify and hierarchize TOS functionalities. The robustness of the model was checked by applying a sensitivity analysis. One hundred and seven functionalities were grouped into six main clusters: Warehouse, Maritime Operations, Gate, Master Data, Communications, and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Dashboard. The results show that time tracking of vessels, space optimization, development of loading and unloading lists, and optimization of container locations are the most important functionalities of a TOS. This work is addressed to developers, sellers, managers, and users of TOSs and researchers working on container-terminal performance.
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Park, Nam Kyu, and Jung Hun Lee. "PoC (Proof of Concept) for Performance Monitoring Platform of Container Terminals." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (2020): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8120971.
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The purpose of this study is to prove the concept of the performance monitoring system of container terminals. PoC (Proof of Concept) is a realization of a certain method or idea in order to demonstrate its feasibility. The port authorities, such as government or local authority, are continually checking the performance of the terminals they invested in and want to reflect it in the development policy. They also want to increase competitiveness by checking performance levels, such as port handling volume, calling ships, resource utilization, and congestion. PPI (Port performance indicators) are classified into four categories: output (production), productivity, utilization, and service. In this study, 15 monitoring indicators for each stage by dividing the process from the ship’s entry to departure are defined. Four indicators, such as ship waiting ratio at anchorage, berth occupancy, storage occupancy, and truck turnaround time, are selected as PoC of monitoring platform. In addition, a method of collecting, processing, and expressing data on these four indicators in real time is presented. There are three steps to create PPI on monitoring platform. The information required for PPI is to be collected from the Port-MIS (Management Information System) and TOS (Terminal Operating System) databases. Second, the collected data from external entities are stored into the database after verification and classification. Third, descriptive PPI, predictive PPI are generated based on the input data. This study provides a 4-tier framework from the conceptual platform with the key elements of data presentation, data process and data interface and middleware. As a result of the study, it is proved to select monitoring indicators, define external entities, define internal elements of the system, develop systems, and present indicator results. However, in the process of collecting data outside the system, we have found there is confidential data of individual terminals. To this end, it is important to establish a mutual cooperation system for data collection.
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Kim, Geonho, Woo-Hyun Kim, and Chun-Kwon Lee. "Selection of TCC Curve and Protection Cooperation Method of Distribution Line Using Linear Optimization." Electronics 12, no. 12 (2023): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122705.
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Distribution systems are mostly composed of radial structures, which are susceptible to an increased variability and complexity of system operation due to frequent line changes during operation. When multiple changes in distribution lines occur simultaneously, the relative positions of protective devices also change. The existing protection coordination method of distribution lines is configured by considering the operation characteristics and coordination time interval (CTI) of all protective devices in series from the substation to the terminal load. Therefore, the protection coordination algorithm needs to be redesigned whenever a line is changed or a protective device is added to the distribution line for which the existing protection coordination algorithm has been set. In addition, existing protection coordination methods require complex calculations and procedures, which are subject to human errors and are less feasible for responding in real-time to changes in the distribution system. In this paper, we propose the adaptive time–current curve (TCC) method by selecting the time dial setting (TDS) and minimum response time (MRT) of individual protective devices in accordance with the relative distance based on the linear optimization technique. Using PSCAD/EMTDC, a power system analysis program, the minimum operating current and the fault current of each protective device are obtained, and the proposed protection coordination algorithm is verified according to the series configuration relationship of the protective devices. Finally, the proposed method is applied to an actual distribution line to verify the improvement over the existing protection coordination.
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Liu, Lei, Xiaopeng Li, Qin Jiang, et al. "A Multi-Terminal Control Method for AC Grids Based on a Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current with Cascaded MMC Converters." Electronics 12, no. 23 (2023): 4799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234799.
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The hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system with cascaded MMC converters has become a promising alternative for possessing the technical merits of both line-commuted converter (LCC) and voltage source converter (VSC), resulting in favorable characteristics and potential control of good prospect. This paper pays heightened attention to the feasible power and DC voltage control modes of a hybrid HVDC system; characteristics of master–slave control show higher flexibility than the LCC-VSC HVDC system, which demonstrates that the exceptional potential can serve to stability support the AC power grids. To optimize the control effect, besides damping level to attenuate power oscillations, the robustness suitable for various faults is also considered to obtain a multi-objective control problem. A detailed solution is proceeding using the TLS-ESPRIT identification algorithm and H2/H∞ hybrid robust control theory. This motivates multi-terminal controllers in the LCC rectifier and MMC inverters, which immensely improve the stability of both sending and receiving girds at the same time. According to the parameters of the actual hybrid HVDC project, the simulation model is established in PSCAD v4.6.2 software, and proposed control methods have been verified to satisfy damping objectives and perform well in multiple operating scenarios.
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Sahraoui, Ahmed, Nguyen Khoi Tran, Youssef Tliche, Ameni Kacem, and Atour Taghipour. "Examining ICT Innovation for Sustainable Terminal Operations in Developing Countries: A Case Study of the Port of Radès in Tunisia." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (2023): 9123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15119123.
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There is a lack of technology innovation studies in the maritime sector focusing on developing countries. Generally, these countries present various limitations due to their own social, economic, and political contexts. Moreover, the lack of leadership support, stakeholder involvement, training, resources, and financial and academic support affects successful implementation of technological innovation. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the maritime sector and port companies of developing countries by investigating the impact of an ICT solution on port operations from berth to gate through yard operations. Our case study consists of the implementation of a Terminal Operating System (TOS) in the Port of Radès, the main port in Tunisia. An examination of the port operations before and after the implementation of the TOS is carried out. Then, the effects of TOS implementation on terminal operations are studied through a survey based on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and submitted to managers of three port stakeholders. Key findings indicate that TOS allows an increase in the level of productivity from the quay crane to the gate, allowing decisions to be made based on real-time data and ensuring that the terminal is operating at its full potential. More specifically, berthing and delivery service times are improved thanks to the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and the streamlining of the gate and yard activities system. The results also indicate that reputation is progressively improving due to the ability to locate and monitor hazardous goods flowing through the port, and the ability to dispatch engine movement inside the port using the new terminal layout. However, in contrast with the port authority, the results highlight a lack of adaptability on the part of the stevedoring company, which requires time to progressively adapt to the new rules and constraints.
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Alhasnawi, Bilal, Basil Jasim, and Bayadir Issa. "Internet of Things (IoT) for Smart Precision Agriculture." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 16, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.16.1.4.
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The scarcity of clean water resources around the globe has generated a need for their optimum utilization. Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, based on the application-specific sensors’ data acquisition and intelligent processing, are bridging the gaps between the cyber and physical worlds. IoT based smart irrigation management systems can help in achieving optimum water-resource utilization in the precision farming landscape. This paper presents an open-source technology-based smart system to predict the irrigation requirements of a field using the sensing of ground parameters like soil moisture, soil temperature, and environmental conditions along with the weather forecast data from the Internet. The sensing nodes, involved in the ground and environmental sensing, consider soil moisture, air temperature, and relative humidity of the crop field. This mainly focused on wastage of water, which is a major concern of the modern era. It is also time-saving, allows a user to monitor environmental data for agriculture using a web browser and Email, cost-effectiveness, environmental protection, low maintenance and operating cost and efficient irrigation service. The proposed system is made up of two parts: hardware and software. The hardware consists of a Base Station Unit (BSU) and several Terminal Nodes (TNs). The software is made up of the programming of the Wi-Fi network and the system protocol. In this paper, an MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transportation) broker was built on the BSU and TU board.
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Safuan, Safuan. "Strategi Pencegahan Fraud di Lingkungan Pelabuhan Indonesia." Owner 8, no. 1 (2024): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i1.1940.
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The port is the gateway to a country's economy, so the port must be clean from fraud. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy developed by Pelabuhan Indonesia to prevent fraud. The method used in this research is qualitative method with a case study approach. The results and conclusions of this study are many studies on fraud prevention in the Indonesian port environment, even though Indonesian ports are one of the entry points for global trade. Therefore, Indonesian ports need an efficient fraud prevention system. The study findings show that Indonesian ports have implemented two fraud prevention strategies. The first strategy is strengthening governance within Pelindo, which includes: a) ratifying GCG guidelines; b) carrying out the signing of an integrity pact; c) gratuity control; d) a violation reporting system called "Pelindo Bersih"; e) socializing the implementation of corporate governance; and f) strengtheningPelindo'ss SMAP. The second strategy involves digitizing services such as Vessel Management System (VMS) and Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), as well as land ones such as Terminal Operating System (TOS), Multipurpose Terminal Operating System (MP-TOS), Car Terminal Operating System (CTOS), Autogate System, Single Truck Identification Data System (STID), Behandle Management System (BMS), and from the customer side such as e-Service developed into i-Hub to minimize national logistics costs, Lower the risk of fraud, and compete on a global scale.
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Choi, Hyung Rim, Hyun Soo Kim, Byung Joo Park, Nam-Kyu Park, and Sang Wan Lee. "An ERP approach for container terminal operating systems." Maritime Policy & Management 30, no. 3 (2003): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0308883032000089549.
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Jokonowo, Bambang, Riyanarto Sarno, Siti Rochimah, and Bagus Priambodo. "Process Mining: Measuring Key Performance Indicator Container Dwell Time." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 1 (2019): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i1.pp401-411.
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<span>The issues measures duration of stay the container logistic processes at ports in developing countries is often a major problem. Therefore, a knowledge process discovery, i.e., Heuristics Miner and Fuzzy Miner, can be used to discover the insight of process by creating a process model. The container import dwell time (DT) processes can be modeled based on the event log data sources are extracted from the terminal operating system (TOS). The <em>L</em>* life-cycle model is used to perform the process behavior analysis steps. The results of analysis and verification show that the container import DT processes have a median duration of 5.5 days and a mean duration of 6.07 days.</span>
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Dirhamsyah and Eddi Suprayitno. "Optimization of Business Administration in Maritime Logistics Chain." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan 13, no. 4 (2025): 2769–80. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i4.3425.
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Belawan Port plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s maritime logistics chain, yet its business administration system continues to face inefficiencies due to fragmented digital infrastructure and poor inter-agency coordination. This study aims to analyze the current administrative challenges at Belawan Port and propose strategies for optimizing business processes through digital transformation and stakeholder integration. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, using semi-structured interviews, participatory observations, and documentation analysis in 2024. Informants included stakeholders from Pelindo, PT Belawan New Container Terminal, Customs, Quarantine, and logistics companies. Thematic analysis revealed three major challenges: incomplete digitization of the Terminal Operating System (TOS), persistent administrative bottlenecks due to manual validation, and a lack of cross-agency collaboration. Despite a year-on-year increase in freight volume and container throughput, the average ship clearance time also rose from 7 hours to 8–10 hours, indicating that operational growth is not supported by administrative efficiency. The study proposes three strategic solutions: development of a unified Single Submission Platform, institutional coordination through joint task forces, and capacity building for digital literacy among port workers.
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de Langen, P. W., and A. Chouly. "Strategies of terminal operating companies in changing environments." International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 12, no. 6 (2009): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13675560902775725.
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Selmi, Tarek, and Maher Rezgui. "A Novel DC-AC Inverter Topology to Eliminate Leakage Current." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 4 (2018): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1733-1744.
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Experiments confirmed that Transformerless Inverters (TIs) deliver more reliability and higher energy efficiency. Nonetheless, one of the shortcomings of TIs is the leakage current that occurs between the photovoltaic (PV) string terminals and the ground. Such a drawback is justified by the non-galvanic isolation caused by the transformer being omitted. As such, this study is intended to develop a novel TI inverter topology for solar PV systems. The latter is meant to remove the leakage current and enhance the operating system of the entire PV conversion as well. Added to its null zero-crossing distortion and capability regarding energy efficiency, the developed TI, being validated by simulation and experiment, eradicated the leakage current.
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Jokonowo, Bambang, Nenden Siti Fatonah, and Emelia Akashah Patah Akhir. "Conformance Checking of Dwelling Time Using a Token-based Method." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Business Intelligence 7, no. 2 (2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jisebi.7.2.129-137.
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Background: Standard operating procedure (SOP) is a series of business activities to achieve organisational goals, with each activity carried to be recorded and stored in the information system together with its location (e.g., SCM, ERP, LMS, CRM). The activity is known as event data and is stored in a database known as an event log.Objective: Based on the event log, we can calculate the fitness to determine whether the business process SOP is following the actual business process.Methods: This study obtains the event log from a terminal operating system (TOS), which records the dwelling time at the container port. The conformance checking using token-based replay method calculates fitness by comparing the event log with the process model.Results: The findings using the Alpha algorithm resulted in the most traversed traces (a, b, n, o, p). The fitness calculation returns 1.0 were produced, missing, and remaining tokens are replied to each of the other traces.Conclusion: Thus, if the process mining produces a fitness of more than 0.80, this shows that the process model is following the actual business process. Keywords: Conformance Checking, Dwelling time, Event log, Fitness, Process Discovery, Process Mining
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Szpytko, Janusz, and Yorlandys Salgado Duarte. "Digital Twins Model for Cranes Operating in Container Terminal." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 10 (2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.10.014.
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Wang, Wenyuan, Ying Jiang, Yun Peng, Yong Zhou, and Qi Tian. "A Simheuristic Method for the Reversible Lanes Allocation and Scheduling Problem at Smart Container Terminal Gate." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1768536.
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Under the constraints of limited spaces and imbalanced traffic volumes (for both in and out directions) of container gates, reversible lane layouts become an economical and practical way to improve the service level of container terminal systems and make the maximum use of the current terminal resources. Together with a consideration of minimized total costs (both construction and operating) of terminal gate system, this paper first developed an optimization model to decide the number and scheduling rules of the reversible lanes at a terminal gate. A metaheuristic algorithm was built to solve the optimal model. Meanwhile, to reflect the randomness and dynamics property of the terminal gate system in practice, parameters that cannot be calculated from conventional analytic methods are obtained through a simulation model. Finally, a hub container terminal in the northeast of China was employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and provide a theoretical foundation for the construction and management of terminal gate systems.
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Lim, Yong Kon, Jong Won Park, and Hokey Min. "An integrated terminal operating system for enhancing the port security." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 34, no. 2 (2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2019.10023567.
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Min, Hokey, Yong Kon Lim, and Jong Won Park. "An integrated terminal operating system for enhancing the port security." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 34, no. 2 (2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2019.102211.
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Melvold, D. J., T. Endo, and H. P. Lips. "Effects of Operating Configurations of Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems on DC Filter Performance." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2, no. 3 (1987): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.1987.4308197.
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Sun, Ye, and Bo Zhao. "Heating Systems for Small, Scattered and Remote Residential Areas in the Tibetan Plateau." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 6 (2021): 1748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390607.
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This paper targets the heating needs of small, scattered and remote residential areas in the Tibetan Plateau. Considering the severe cold, high altitude, high radiation intensity, long sunshine duration and large temperature difference between day and night, etc. in this region, through the comparative analysis of the performance of heating terminals and heat source systems, it is proposed in this paper that the multi-energy complementary intelligent energy and clean heating approach can effectively reduce operating and maintenance costs, mitigate pollutant emissions and improve the indoor heating environment. Then, with Pagri Town, Shigatse City, Tibet as the pilot area, the multi-energy complementary smart energy and clean heating approach (with solar energy storage heat pump as the heat source + radiators as the heating terminal) was actually applied in the project. Through analysis of the indoor and outdoor temperature changes, electricity consumption and operating costs during the heating period of the pilot project, it is finally concluded that the heating model with solar energy storage heat pump as the heat source + radiators as the heating terminal is a rational choice for the heating systems for small, scattered and remote residential areas in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Parmaksizoglou, Ilias Alexandros, Alessandro Bombelli, and Alexei Sharpanskykh. "A Novel Auction-Based Truck Appointment System for Marine Terminals." Logistics 8, no. 2 (2024): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics8020040.
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Background: Increased maritime trade has led to a surge in drayage operations, causing congestion and environmental issues in port areas. Truck Appointment Systems (TASs) are commonly used to manage truck arrival rates, yet transparency and equity in slot allocation remain problematic, fostering distrust between Licensed Motor Carriers (LMCs) and Marine Terminal Operators (MTOs). Methods: This study proposes a polycentric approach to improve truck scheduling and ensure that those impacted by decisions are involved in the decision-making process. A single-round auction mechanism focused on optimizing the truck hauling process through a pricing policy that promotes sincere bidding is introduced. The proposed approach employs an optimization strategy to achieve equitable coordination in truck synchronization through means of adaptable capacity management. Results: Numerical experiments assessing scenarios of noncollaborative behavior against partial collaboration between MTOs and LMCs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing user satisfaction and terminal conditions for a case study focused on a medium-sized terminal. Collaboration between trucking companies is shown to increase utility per monetary unit spent on slot acquisition. Conclusions: The polycentric strategy offers a solution to TAS limitations by ensuring stakeholder participation with respect to flexibility and transparency by ensuring that those impacted by decisions are involved in the decision-making process.
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Wu, Yu-En, and Rui-Ru Hong. "Multi-Functional Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for Photovoltaic Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (2022): 11169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811169.
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This paper proposes a novel multi-function isolated three-port bidirectional DC–DC converter for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed topology was composed of a unidirectional step-up converter and a bidirectional step-up/step-down converter that only required one set of complementary PWM signals to control any operation mode and used multiple operating stages to improve the practicability of the converter. In addition, the proposed topology had the function of inductance energy leakage recovery to improve the conversion efficiency and used synchronous rectification technology to reduce the conduction losses from passive components. This paper implemented a 500 W converter to verify the feasibility of the proposed converter by theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiment results. The experimental results show the highest efficiency of 95.5% for the PV step-up to the DC bus, 97.8% for the PV step-down to the battery terminal, 94.5% for the battery terminal step-up to the DC bus, and 93.4% for the DC bus step-down to the battery terminal, respectively.
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Cai, Sheng Yan, Xiao Shuang Tang, Xuan Nie, and Yue Zhang. "A Color Management Solution for Mobile Terminal Based on ICC Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.37.
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To improve color consistency and accuracy of mobile terminal, a color management system for mobile terminal is built based on color management mechanism of International Color Consortium. It comprises a server-side and a client-side. The server-side consists of a computer, a spectrophotometer and relative programs, providing color measurement and profile generation for mobile terminal. Its programs comprise a communication module, a color measurement module and a profile generation module. The client-side is composed of a mobile terminal and relative programs. Its programs comprise a communication module, a screen calibration module, a screen characterization module and a color conversion module. The two communication modules connect all the other modules of two sides. The color management system for mobile terminal is applicable on any operating systems such as Android, iOS and Windows Phone System.
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KUCZYńSKI, Jacek, and BARTLOMIEJ BARWICZ. "Advancing urban noise monitoring: bridging cost and Class 1 accuracy performance in smart city applications." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 10 (2024): 1482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_2979.
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This paper extends the "Development Of Low-Cost Noise Monitoring Terminals (NMT) Based On MEMS Microphones" from Internoise 2022, introducing a cost-effective solution for urban noise monitoring in smart cities, the Svantek model SV 303. Compliant with Class 1 standards (IEC 61672-1:2013 and IEC 61260-1:2014), this terminal offers a 30 dBA to 130 dB RMS operating range, ideal for urban environments, and ensures Class 1 accuracy. A significant focus of this development is on achieving excellent directional characteristics, crucial for effective "urban noise" measurements. The terminal also boasts the best environmental performance among our NMTs, operating reliably from -20 °C to 50 °C in diverse urban settings. Equipped with USB 2.0 and UART interfaces, it integrates seamlessly into existing urban monitoring systems, accommodating a wide range of devices. This adaptability is essential for smart city applications. The paper explores the design, operational parameters, and integration potential of the terminal. By merging high-performance noise monitoring with cost efficiency, the terminal emerges as a key advancement in smart city noise monitoring, offering a practical solution for accurate, large-scale urban noise evaluation.
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Averianov, Sergei S., and Alexander V. Dvorkovich. "Capacity pre-allocation based on a traffic prediction for latency reduction in geo satellite communication systems." T-Comm 16, no. 4 (2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2022-16-4-46-51.
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Low latency is an important indicator for satellite communication systems on geo earth orbits (GEO). Transmission delay in packet networks includes access delay, propagation delay, and processing delay. The processing delay depends on the performance of the processing methods and system overload management, which is just a small fraction of the total transmission delay at low traffic load. This article dis-cusses the latency of a terminal accessing a network after a connection break. The paper proposes the scheme for maintenance a user terminal synchronization in a satellite communication net-work with bandwidth pre-assignment. The scheme is based on a traffic prediction and not requires a request from the terminal. The place of the proposed scheme in the synchronization maintenance system of the DVB-RCS2 standard is defined. A comparison of the performance of predictive traffic models is given. The latency reduction and the signal-to-noise ratio operating range extension of a user terminal from the use of the proposed scheme for maintaining synchronization is presented. The paper also presents an overview of the application of data analysis methods in the tasks of the time-frequency resource allocation in a GEO satellite communication system.
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Hasibuan, Doli, Fati Gratianus Nafiri Larosa, and Rico V. A. Simanjuntak. "ANALISIS DAN IMPLEMENTASI JARINGAN THIN CLIENT MENGGUNAKAN LINUX TERMINAL SERVER PROJECT PADA JARINGAN LAN." METHODIKA: Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi 51, no. 1 (2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/mtk.v5i1.417.
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The development of computer technology both in software and hardware is very fast. These two aspects are interrelated with each other and cannot be separated. LTSP, Linux Terminal Server Project is a project started by James A McQuillan as a diskless networking project based on the GNU/Linux operating system. Called a diskless network, because the client is not equipped with a hard disk. All application software and operating systems needed by the client computer are served and managed by the server computer. In this design, a laptop with an Intel processor is used as a server and a PC as a client. LTSP will be integrated into the Linux operating system ubuntu 16.04, and as a provider of diskless thin client service platforms is LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project). With LTSP, the construction of a diskless network is expected to be more efficient. Diskless network technology is one solution that can be applied in dealing with the problem of investing in computer technology hardware with predetermined specifications.
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Liao, Zhen, and Jing Ling Zhao. "A Cross-Platform and Context-Aware Middleware Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 2375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.2375.
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Nowadays, context-aware applications have become a hot research field. However, many context-aware applications dont fully connect to the characteristics of the Internet and the developed applications are limited by the platform, thus, the cross-platform deployment cant achieve. This paper presents a mechanism which can shield the difference among terminal operating systems andgather, store, and interpret the context information on the same smart terminal,based on the research achievements about the arithmetic of context-aware and the design of the cross-platform and context-aware middleware. To some extents, this frame can not only lessen the developers workload and avoid duplication of effort, but also speed up the applications development time and reduce the power consumption of mobile terminal.
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Wang, Jing, Nathan N. Huynh, and Edsel Pena. "Land side truck traffic modeling at container terminals by a stationary two-class queuing strategy with switching." Journal of International Logistics and Trade 20, no. 3 (2022): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jilt-05-2022-0003.
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PurposeThis paper evaluates an alternative queuing concept for marine container terminals that utilize a truck appointment system (TAS). Instead of having all lanes providing service to trucks with appointments, this study considers the case where walk-in lanes are provided to serve those trucks with no appointments or trucks with appointments but arrived late due to traffic congestion.Design/methodology/approachTo enable the analysis of the proposed alternative queuing strategy, the queuing system is shown mathematically to be stationary. Due to the complexity of the model, a discrete event simulation (DES) model is used to obtain the average waiting number of trucks per lane for both types of service lanes: TAS-lanes and walk-in lanes.FindingsThe numerical experiment results indicated that the considered queuing strategy is most beneficial when the utilization of the TAS lanes is expected to be much higher than that of the walk-in lanes.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study is that it examines the scenario where trucks with appointments switch to the walk-in lanes upon arrival if the TAS-lane server is occupied and the walk-in lane server is not occupied. This queuing strategy/policy could reduce the average waiting time of trucks at marine container terminals. Approximation equations are provided to assist practitioners calculate the average truck queue length and the average truck queuing time for this type of queuing system.
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Yoo, Jaewook, Hyeonjun Song, Hongseung Lee, et al. "Recent Research for HZO-Based Ferroelectric Memory towards In-Memory Computing Applications." Electronics 12, no. 10 (2023): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102297.
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The AI and IoT era requires software and hardware capable of efficiently processing massive amounts data quickly and at a low cost. However, there are bottlenecks in existing Von Neumann structures, including the difference in the operating speed of current-generation DRAM and Flash memory systems, the large voltage required to erase the charge of nonvolatile memory cells, and the limitations of scaled-down systems. Ferroelectric materials are one exciting means of breaking away from this structure, as Hf-based ferroelectric materials have a low operating voltage, excellent data retention qualities, and show fast switching speed, and can be used as non-volatile memory (NVM) if polarization characteristics are utilized. Moreover, adjusting their conductance enables diverse computing architectures, such as neuromorphic computing with analog characteristics or ‘logic-in-memory’ computing with digital characteristics, through high integration. Several types of ferroelectric memories, including two-terminal-based FTJs, three-terminal-based FeFETs using electric field effect, and FeRAMs using ferroelectric materials as capacitors, are currently being studied. In this review paper, we include these devices, as well as a Fe-diode with high on/off ratio properties, which has a similar structure to the FTJs but operate with the Schottky barrier modulation. After reviewing the operating principles and features of each structure, we conclude with a summary of recent applications that have incorporated them.
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Kazi, Mohamed Amine, Radouane Majdoul, Nadia Machkour, Adnane El-alami, and Ibrahim Baraka. "Master-Slave Approach for a Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC Systems Connected Offshore Wind Farm." E3S Web of Conferences 297 (2021): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129701045.
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The world is facing today the global challenge of energy transition since countries need more and more energy to grow their economy on a planet where resources are limited and poorly distributed. The integration of renewable energies and especially offshore wind energy into high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission systems demonstrates great flexibility and reliability. In this paper, a control strategy for a multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system based on Master-Slave approach is proposed to automatically share the real power variation and stabilize the DC bus voltage in presence of abnormal operating conditions.
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Jing, Liuming, Jiahe Wei, Lei Xia, Zhaolin Fan, and Jinghua Zhou. "An Improved Power-Sharing Method for a Multi-Terminal HVDC Transmission System Based on Adaptive Voltage Droop Control." Energies 16, no. 17 (2023): 6276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176276.
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The prerequisite for the normal operation of a flexible high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is the maintenance of the stability of the direct current (DC)-side voltage, and droop control has a good dynamic regulation capability. In this paper, we first study the operating characteristics of droop control and derive its equivalent circuit, as well as the power distribution equation for droop control with a four-terminal system as an example. Then, based on this, an improved droop control method is proposed so that the droop factor can be adaptively adjusted according to the power change and provide corresponding characteristics under different operating conditions to enhance the power regulation capability of the controller under high power fluctuations. Finally, a power systems computer-aided design (PSCAD) electromagnetic transient model of the four-terminal, flexible, high-voltage DC transmission system was established and verified by simulation results.
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Li, Zhou, Yan He, Ting-Quan Zhang, and Xiao-Ping Zhang. "Universal Power Flow Algorithm for Bipolar Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051053.
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An effective and accurate power flow algorithm provides control references for active power dispatch and initial steady state operating points, used for stability analysis, short-circuit calculations, and electromagnetic transient simulations, which is not only a fundamental precondition to analyze the system operating conditions, but also the basis to improve the accuracy of power flow and DC voltage control of the multi-terminal voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC). This paper proposes a nodal voltage-based universal steady-state power flow algorithm for the newly-developed bipolar multi-terminal VSC-HVDC (VSC-MTDC). Firstly, as the positive-pole and negative-pole DC network of the bipolar VSC-MTDC can be operated individually, a bipolar power flow alternating iterative method is proposed here to obtain the positive/negative-pole DC network power flow. Secondly, a series of nodal equivalent methods involving various control strategies are proposed for the universal power flow algorithm. Then the detailed calculation procedure and a general MATLAB(TM) program for the universal power flow algorithm is presented. A typical 4-terminal bipolar VSC-MTDC system was built in the PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm, and the results are discussed here. Moreover, the calculation results of more complex bipolar VSC-MTDC systems under different operating conditions, employing the proposed universal power flow algorithm, are presented to illustrate its universality and efficiency.
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Kuznetsov, A. L., A. V. Galin, and G. B. Popov. "Discrete-event modelling of container terminal cargo fronts." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 15, no. 4 (2023): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2023-15-4-589-602.
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The basis for designing and upgrading new sea ports and container terminals is regulatory documentation. A part of designing a new sea port is making key technological decisions, including on calculating its cargo throughput capacity. However a method for capacity evaluation of operating ports is not described in the regulatory documents. Operating cargo terminals often undergo significant changes since the moment they were put into operation. Equipment, resources and infrastructure of cargo fronts should not be the only thing taken into consideration when evaluating an existing container terminal capacity. The way in which a terminal interacts with external transport systems (railroad, vessel fleet, etc.) as well as interactions between cargo fronts inside a terminal should also be considered. A discrete- event simulation model for the system consisting of a railroad cargo front, a container yard and a berth cargo front of a container terminal is proposed in the paper. This model allows to evaluate the balance between calls of different modes of transport (vessel calls, cargo train calls), as well as the impact of this balance on the state of container yard and on the terminal cargo throughput capacity in general. Container terminal in terms of proposed model is not merely a set of unrelated objects, but a system. In such system interaction with one of elements has influence on all the others. The model is described as mathematical dependencies between key variables. Cargo train and vessel calls generation is performed via standard spreadsheet methods. To acquire more accurate results, specific sea port statistical data should be used.
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Kalashnikova, Vasylysa. "Application of derivative and integral terminal sliding modes in leader-follower type systems"." INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS FOR INDUSTRIES, no. 3 (29) (October 29, 2024): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/2522-9818.2024.3.005.
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Subject matter: The study focuses on the control methods for dr20 type robot swarms, specifically on the derivative and integral terminal sliding mode control combined with a nonlinear disturbance observer. The problem of effective swarm control is highly relevant in the current conditions of automation and robotics, especially in the context of performing complex tasks in limited space and in the presence of disturbances. Goal: The development and analysis of a simulation model for the movement of a robot swarm using advanced control methods to ensure system accuracy and stability. The research aims to improve the control methods for robot swarms, enhancing their efficiency and reliability in various operational conditions. Tasks: 1) Develop a simulation model of a robot swarm in the CoppeliaSimEDU environment, considering all necessary parameters for modeling real operating conditions. 2) Implement control algorithms for the leader and followers to maintain the swarm structure and avoid collisions. 3) Conduct a series of experiments to test the effectiveness of the proposed methods, analyzing the results in terms of stability and control accuracy. Methods: Modeling in CoppeliaSimEDU, implementing control algorithms based on derivative and integral terminal sliding mode control, applying a nonlinear disturbance observer to improve system stability. The applied methods allow for the consideration of various disturbances and ensure high control accuracy. Results: he proposed control model allows achieving high following accuracy and collision avoidance even in complex conditions. Experiments have shown that the control methods ensure the stability and accuracy of the robot swarm's movement, reducing the response time to external disturbances. The research results demonstrate that the use of derivative and integral terminal sliding mode control combined with a nonlinear disturbance observer significantly enhances the efficiency of multi-robot systems. Conclusions: The use of advanced control methods significantly improves the efficiency of multi-robot systems, ensuring their reliability and accuracy in real operating conditions. The proposed methods can be applied in various fields where the coordination of a large number of robots is required, including logistics, rescue operations, and environmental monitoring.
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Cho, Gyusung, and Suk-Hwan Lee. "Cloud-Based Virtual Port-Container Terminal Establishment and Operation Analysis." Electronics 9, no. 10 (2020): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101615.
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Worldwide, governments are making efforts to enhance the efficiency of port terminals by applying new technologies developed in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study aims to systematically analyze port productivity and operational efficiency by establishing cloud-based virtual port-container terminals using operational data from Busan Port terminals. Accordingly, the integrated aspect-oriented modeling approach is applied to actual operational data from port-container terminals to develop a reusable, extendible and modifiable control system. This technique is used to establish a virtualized port-container terminal. In addition, this study presents a way to solve various problems arising from port-container terminals by analyzing real-time operation data generated by the terminals through a cloud system, as well as suggests ways to streamline operations. The methodology presented in this study can be applied to establish optimal operating systems for various ports and to develop and operate future port-container terminal systems.
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Dai, Ming He, Zhi Ping Zhou, and Xing Xue. "Test and Energy Consumption Analysis of Air-Conditioning Systems in Terminal Building of Guilin Liangjiang International Airport." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2652.
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In this paper, the operating conditions of air-conditioning systems in Terminal building of Guilin LiangJiang International Airport were tested and analysed. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of chilled water temperature on water chiller performance and derives the relationship of COP of water chiller and chilled water temperature difference between inlet and outlet , and provides reference for operation mode’s optimization of the air-conditioning system and energy consumption reduction of the whole building.
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Huang, Su-Zhen, Min Wu, and Yong-Hua Xiong. "Mobile Transparent Computing to Enable Ubiquitous Operating Systems and Applications." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, no. 1 (2014): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0032.
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Mobile devices have emerged as an indispensable part of our daily life, one that has resulted in an increased demand for mobile devices to be able to access the Internet and obtain a variety of network services. However, mobile devices are often constrained by limited storage, huge power consumption, and low processing capability. This paper presents a new computing mode, mobile transparent computing (MTC), which combines ubiquitous mobile networks with transparent computing, to address the above challenges and possibly to enable a new world of ubiquitous operating systems (OSes) and applications with the following characteristics: (1) Mobile devices with no OSes pre-installed are able to load and boot multiple OSes on demand through a transparent network; (2) All resources, including the operating system (OS), applications, and user data, are stored on a transparent server (TS) rather than a mobile terminal, and can be streamed to be executed on mobile devices in small execution blocks; (3) All the personalized services (applications and data) can be synchronized to any other devices with the same user credential. Specifically, we propose a Pre OS technique, which can achieve feature (1) in the MTC model by initializing the mobile device and driving a network interface card (NIC) prior to OS loading, thereby transferring the needed OS streaming block to the mobile device. Experimental results conducted on the tablet demo-board with the model OK6410 based on the ARM11 architecture demonstrate that the Pre OS is able to support remote boot and streaming execution for both Android and Linux OS with satisfactory performance.
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Canavan, Shane, Alexander Barron, Judith Cohen, Daniel J. Graham, and Richard J. Anderson. "Best Practices in Operating High Frequency Metro Services." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 9 (2019): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119845356.
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Most metro rail systems worldwide are facing increasing demand and the need to deliver additional capacity in key corridors. Although total capacity reflects the combination of train capacity and frequency, increasing frequency is the primary strategy to increase capacity on existing lines where infrastructure is fixed. Higher frequencies also increase efficiency, by attracting more passengers and making existing journeys faster, thereby making better use of expensive rail infrastructure and increasing both metro revenues and wider economics benefits to the cities they serve. This paper is based on a study conducted for the Community of Metros, a worldwide group of metro systems, which surveyed 17 high frequency lines. The paper first documents the characteristics of high frequency lines [with 25 trains per hour (tph) or more defined as “high frequency” and 30 tph or more as “very high frequency”] and presents the various constraints to higher frequency operations, including how they interact and the various possible solutions. Five main categories of constraints were identified, relating to signaling and train control, station and train crowding, fleet, terminal turnarounds, and service complexity. To achieve the highest frequencies, it is essential for metro systems to take a holistic approach and identify not only the immediate constraints but also secondary and tertiary constraints that may prevent the full benefits of improvements from being realized. This paper provides guidance to those operating, funding, planning, and designing metro systems in how to maximize frequency and thereby deliver greater benefits to riders, transit agencies, and stakeholders.
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Kovaleva, N. A., N. S. Voronin, and A. I. Hashev. "Development of transport and technological systems in organization of container transportation with the use of modern technologies." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2023): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2023-2-119-127.
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The analysis of container cargo transportation in Russia has shown an intensive growth in the volume of traffic in recent years and increased demand for export-import transportation on the route Russia - China in 2022 [1-6, 11-12]. The technological and logistical advantages of different container technologies used in the transportation of various types of cargo are described. The characteristics and performance indicators of PJSC «TransContainer» are given and analyzed. The measures to improve the company’s activities through the use of modern technology of folding containers for cargo transportation along the direction Russia - China are considered. The main advantages of 4FOLD folding containers in comparison with Staxxon technology are presented. The analysis of the operating costs of 4FOLD folding containers was carried out and savings were calculated when using them in comparison with universal containers. The expediency of using 4FOLD folding containers from the terminal of PJSC «TransContainer» branch on the North Caucasus Railway from Rostov-Tovarny station to China (Qingdao port) is considered. The economic efficiency of the introduction of promising modern technologies - 4FOLD folding containers by the branch of PJSC «TransContainer» on the North Caucasus Railway at Rostov-Tovarny station has been substantiated. The efficiency of the proposed technology is achieved by reducing operating costs during terminal processing and transportation of empty containers.
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Kelts, Gregory I., Kevin C. McMains, Phillip G. Chen, and Erik K. Weitzel. "Monitor Height Ergonomics: A Comparison of Operating Room Video Display Terminals." Allergy & Rhinology 6, no. 1 (2015): ar.2015.6.0119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ar.2015.6.0119.
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A surgeon's eyes should be positioned 1 meter (m) distant and no more than 15° below the top of an operating monitor (0.27 m). We sought to determine which operating room video display terminal can best accommodate ergonomically optimized gaze during surgery. Floor to eye height was measured for surgeons in seated, perched, and standing positions. These ranges were then compared to vertical displacement ranges for monitors measured from floor to top of the screen. Eye height was measured for standing (1.56 −1.80 m), perched (1.40 −1.65 m), and seated (1.10 −1.32 m) positions. The minimum distance (min) between the floor and the top of the monitor and the vertical mobility range (VR) of the monitor were measured throughout a tertiary medical center including towers with boom arms (TcB) (min: 1.58 m, VR: 0.37 m), towers without booms (TsB) (min: 1.82 m, VR: 0.025 m), ceiling mounted booms (CMB) (min: 1.34 m:, VR: 1.04 m), and portable monitors (PM) (min: 1.73 m, VR: 0.04 m). The tangent of 15° declination was used to calculate a correction factor to determine the minimum optimal ergonomic display height. The correction factor was subtracted from the eye height at each position to determine the lowest target height and the highest target floor to eye distance for each position. Analysis of variance with least significant difference post hoc testing identified all minimum distances and vertical ranges to be statistically different (p < 0.001). Monitor vertical displacement varied between styles of carts. CMB video display terminal systems can accommodate standing, perched and the tallest seated surgeons. TcB, TsB and PM systems cannot adequately accommodate all standing, perched or seated surgeons.
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Cai, Guang Hui, Chuan Liang, Qian Huang, and Ying Yuan. "A Remote Intelligent Control System Based on Zigbee Wireless Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.71.
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Firstly, the Zigbee wireless technology, uCOSII real-time operating systems, gateways and other techniques were studied, and then Cortex-M3 core processor, equipped with running uCOSII operating system to set up an internal wireless network Zigbee module to achieve the end nodes of data acquisition and node control, and ultimately design and implement a remote temperature control and infrared remote control, users can realize temperature control and remote air conditioning temperature regulating heater remotely via a PC or a mobile terminal. The system is real-time, high stability, can be applied to the field of industrial control and remote areas such as intelligent home.
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Miao, Xinyue, Chengqi Xue, Xian Li, and Lichun Yang. "A Real-Time Fatigue Sensing and Enhanced Feedback System." Information 13, no. 5 (2022): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13050230.
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This paper describes a real-time fatigue sensing and enhanced feedback system designed for video terminal operating groups. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various current acquisition devices and various algorithms for fatigue perception. After comparison, this study uses an eye movement instrument to collect user PERCLOS, and then calculates and determines the user’s fatigue state. A detailed fatigue discrimination calculation method is provided in this paper. The fatigue level is divided into three levels: mild fatigue, moderate fatigue and severe fatigue. Finally, this study uses the fatigue method demonstrated above to achieve real-time discrimination of the fatigue level of the user in front of the video operation terminal. This paper elaborates a method for waking up users and enhancing feedback based on their fatigue level and the importance of information. This study provides a solution for avoiding the operational risks caused by fatigue and lays the foundation for the machine to sense the user and provide different service solutions based on the user’s status.
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Maglić, Lovro, Damir Zec, and Vlado Frančić. "Effectiveness of a Barge-Based Ballast Water Treatment System for Multi-Terminal Ports." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 5 (2015): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i5.1812.
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The paper presents outcomes of the discrete event simulation of the ballast water management in a multi-terminal port. The simulation includes ship’s manoeuvring, cargo and ballast operations and a barge-based ballast water treatment system operating within all terminal areas. The barge-based ballast water treatment system is used by ships unable to use their own equipment, not equipped with an appropriate ballast treatment system or non-compliant with the Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention 2004 for whatever reason. The main goal is to estimate the productivity and cost effectiveness of such systems as an option to support ships not able to comply with the BWM Convention, once it enters into force. The model was built and tested in Arena simulation software. Process parameters are based on real traffic data for the port of Rijeka. The results indicate that barge-based ballast treatment facility will be heavily underutilized, and that such systems are cost-effective only in ports where large volumes of ballast water need to be delivered to shore treatment systems.
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Li, Wang, Guan, et al. "A High-performance Cross-platform Map Rendering Engine for Mobile Geographic Information System (GIS)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 10 (2019): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8100427.
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With the diversification of terminal equipment and operating systems, higher requirements are placed on the rendering performance of maps. The traditional map rendering engine relies on the corresponding operating system graphics library, and there are problems such as the inability to cross the operating system, low rendering performance, and inconsistent rendering style. With the development of hardware, graphics processing unit (GPU) appears in various platforms. How to use GPU hardware to improve map rendering performance has become a critical challenge. In order to address the above problems, this study proposes a cross-platform and high-performance map rendering (Graphics Library engine, GL engine), which uses mask drawing technology and texture dictionary text rendering technology. It can be used on different hardware platforms and different operating systems based on the OpenGL graphics library. The high-performance map rendering engine maintains a consistent map rendering style on different platforms. The results of the benchmark experiments show that the performance of GL engine is 1.75 times and 1.54 times better than the general map rendering engine in the iOS system and in the Android system, respectively, and the rendering performance for vector tiles is 11.89 times and 9.52 times better than rendering in the Mapbox in the iOS system and in the Android system, respectively.
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Zub, I. V., Yu E. Ezhov, and V. L. Shchemelev. "Investigation of some issues of automation of elements of terminal complexes for transshipment of large-capacity containers." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 16, no. 4 (2024): 604–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2024-16-4-604-619.
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The topic of the work is the study of the reasons for increasing the efficiency of the use of marine container transportation in the entire supply chain. It is noted that the increase in their efficiency is explained by the possibility of transporting various types of cargo, the speed of handling vehicles, as well as the compactness of storage and safety of cargo. The problem of increasing ship capacity on the terms of shipping companies, which currently exists and is being solved by container terminal operators, has been formulated, which allows minimizing the time of ships parking in the port for processing, which in turn can be achieved by increasing the capacity of ships. Attention is drawn to the fact that reducing costs by increasing the efficiency of lifting and transport equipment stimulates investments in automation systems for almost all terminal operations, and in particular in lifting and transport equipment systems. It is emphasized that the automation process of container terminals differs depending on the task at hand (a new project is being considered or work is being carried out to automate an existing terminal). The implementation of automation at existing terminals is a more difficult task due to the problems of compatibility with the types of activities performed and resistance to ongoing changes, which primarily involve systematic and repetitive technological processes that can be programmed. Attention is drawn to the fact that container terminals use the latest operating systems to control and optimize the movement of containers inside the warehouse area (in particular, they are used at terminals where gantry cranes on a pneumatic (RTG) and on a rail (RMG) are used), and it is also emphasized that when working with RTG technology gantry cranes on a pneumatic vehicle are equipped with sensors connected to satellite positioning systems, which are located on the terminal area and on wheeled carts and are brought to the place of cargo operation by signals from the control room, at the same time, the dock operator controls only when lowering or lifting the container. Such information systems are also used on terminals operating using RMG technology. It is noted that automation of berthing container cranes is currently under development, since the complexity of its implementation lies in the fact that during pitching the vessel has a roll and a deflector, therefore, when moving it, it is difficult to determine the exact location of the container and the alignment of the spreader horizon with the container horizon, as a result, the guidance process? It requires additional time, which leads to a decrease in work productivity.
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Gridin, V. N., V. I. Anisimov, and S. A. Vasiliev. "Comparative Analysis of Microservice and Serverless Technology Building Automatic Design Systems for Calculating the Instability of the Static Mode of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits." Радиотехника и электроника 68, no. 12 (2023): 1230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0033849423120082.
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Methods for constructing distributed automation systems for circuit design to calculate the instability of the coordinates of the operating points of the static mode of nonlinear electronic circuits were considered. Two-terminal networks of type R and transmission parameters of dependent sources, as well as characteristicsof external influences (temperature, radiation, etc.) are taken as components that change under the influence of external factors. To solve the problem of calculating the instability of the coordinates of the operating points of the static mode of nonlinear electronic circuits, a technique is proposed based on the use of an auxiliary circuit, which is constructed by transposing the description of the original circuit. The features of the organization of serverless and microservice architecture for building circuit design automation systems are analyzed. The multitenant design of a microservice information system environment is described. The mechanismof operation of the service as a service is presented to ensure the operation of the business logic of the server component.
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Mohammadi, Fazel, Gholam-Abbas Nazri, and Mehrdad Saif. "An Improved Mixed AC/DC Power Flow Algorithm in Hybrid AC/DC Grids with MT-HVDC Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010297.
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One of the major challenges on large-scale Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) systems is the steady-state interaction of the hybrid AC/DC grids to achieve an accurate Power Flow (PF) solution. In PF control of MT-HVDC systems, different operational constraints, such as the voltage range, voltage operating region, Total Transfer Capability (TTC), transmission reliability margin, converter station power rating, etc. should be considered. Moreover, due to the nonlinear behavior of MT-HVDC systems, any changes (contingencies and/or faults) in the operating conditions lead to a significant change in the stability margin of the entire or several areas of the hybrid AC/DC grids. As a result, the system should continue operating within the acceptable limits and deliver power to the non-faulted sections. In order to analyze the steady-state interaction of the large-scale MT-HVDC systems, an improved mixed AC/DC PF algorithm for hybrid AC/DC grids with MT-HVDC systems considering the operational constraints is developed in this paper. To demonstrate the performance of the mixed AC/DC PF algorithm, a five-bus AC grid with a three-bus MT-HVDC system and the modified IEEE 39-bus test system with two four-bus MT-HVDC systems (in two different areas) are simulated in MATLAB software and different cases are investigated. The obtained results show the accuracy, robustness, and effectiveness of the improved mixed AC/DC PF algorithm for operation and planning studies of the hybrid A/DC grids.
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Sizov, V. A., D. M. Malinichev, and V. V. Mochalov. "Improvement of the Regulatory Framework of Information Security for Terminal Access Devices of the State Information System." Open Education 24, no. 2 (2020): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2020-2-73-79.
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The aim of the study is to increase the effectiveness of information security management for state information systems (SIS) with terminal access devices by improving regulatory legal acts that should be logically interconnected and not contradict each other, as well as use a single professional thesaurus that allows understanding and describe information security processes.Currently, state information systems with terminal access devices are used to ensure the realization of the legitimate interests of citizens in information interaction with public authorities [1].One of the types of such systems are public systems [2]. They are designed to provide electronic services to citizens, such as paying taxes, obtaining certificates, filing of applications and other information. The processed personal data may belong to special, biometric, publicly available and other categories [3]. Various categories of personal data, concentrated in a large volume about a large number of citizens, can lead to significant damage as a result of their leakage, which means that this creates information risks.There are several basic types of architectures of state information systems: systems based on the “thin clientpeer-to-peer network systems; file server systems; data processing centers; systems with remote user access; the use of different types of operating systems (heterogeneity of the environment); use of applications independent of operating systems; use of dedicated communication channels [4]. Such diversity and heterogeneity of state information systems, on the one hand, and the need for high-quality state regulation in the field of information security in these systems, on the other hand, require the study and development of legal acts that take into account primarily the features of systems that have a typical modern architecture of “thin customer". Materials and research methods. The protection of the state information system is regulated by a large number of legal acts that are constantly being improved with changes and additions to the content. At the substantive level, it includes many stages, such as the formation of SIS requirements, the development of a security system, its implementation, and certification. The protected information is processed in order to enforce the law and ensure the functioning of the authorities. The need to protect confidential information is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation [5, 6]. Therefore, to assess the quality of the regulatory framework of information security for terminal access devices of the state information system, the analysis of the main regulatory legal acts is carried out and on the basis of it, proposals are developed by analogy to improve existing regulatory documents in the field of information security.Results. The paper has developed proposals for improving the regulatory framework of information security for terminal access devices of the state information system- for uniformity and unification, the terms with corresponding definitions are justified for their establishment in the documents of the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC) or Rosstandart;- rules for the formation of requirements for terminals, which should be equivalent requirements for computer equipment in the “Concept for the protection of computer equipment and automated systems from unauthorized access to information ".Conclusion. General recommendations on information protection in state information systems using the “thin client" architecture are proposed, specific threats that are absent in the FSTEC threat bank are justified, and directions for further information security for the class of state information systems under consideration are identified. Due to the large number of stakeholders involved in the coordination and development of unified solutions, a more specific consideration of the problems and issues raised is possible only with the participation of representatives of authorized federal executive bodies and business representatives for discussion.
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Lekidis, Alexios, Angelos Georgakis, Christos Dalamagkas, and Elpiniki I. Papageorgiou. "Predictive Maintenance Framework for Fault Detection in Remote Terminal Units." Forecasting 6, no. 2 (2024): 239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast6020014.
Full textAbstract:
The scheduled maintenance of industrial equipment is usually performed with a low frequency, as it usually leads to unpredicted downtime in business operations. Nevertheless, this confers a risk of failure in individual modules of the equipment, which may diminish its performance or even lead to its breakdown, rendering it non-operational. Lately, predictive maintenance methods have been considered for industrial systems, such as power generation stations, as a proactive measure for preventing failures. Such methods use data gathered from industrial equipment and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to identify data patterns that indicate anomalies and may lead to potential failures. However, industrial equipment exhibits specific behavior and interactions that originate from its configuration from the manufacturer and the system that is installed, which constitutes a great challenge for the effectiveness of ML model maintenance and failure predictions. In this article, we propose a novel method for tackling this challenge based on the development of a digital twin for industrial equipment known as a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). RTUs are used in electrical systems to provide the remote monitoring and control of critical equipment, such as power generators. The method is applied in an RTU that is connected to a real power generator within a Public Power Corporation (PPC) facility, where operational anomalies are forecasted based on measurements of its processing power, operating temperature, voltage, and storage memory.