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1

Mwansoko, Hermas J. M. "The modernization of Swahili technical terminologies : an investigation of the linguistics and literature terminologies." Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276546.

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2

MONGO, ROCH. "Manutention - entreposage : terminologies francaise et anglaise." Lille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL30008.

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Techniques employees a l'interieur ou a l'exterieur des entrepots, pour assurer le chargement et le dechargement de marchandises, leur deplacement, leur transport, leur stockage ou pour en assurer la distribution, au moindre cout possible, par des methodes appropriees et des appareils specialises. La manutention comporte aussi le levage et la pose de tout produit, sans regarder a sa taille, sa forme ou son poids
The techniques employed within or outside warehouses for loading and unloading, moving, transporting, storing or distributing goods at the lowest cost possible through the use of proper means and specialised equipment. Materials handling also involves the lifting and placing of any material regardless of size, form or weight
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3

Hanoka-Maitenaz, Valérie. "Extraction et complétion de terminologies multilingues." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://hal.science/tel-01257201.

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Les processus d'extraction terminologique automatique ont été jusqu'ici majoritairement conçus pour être appliqués à de corpus monolingues et dans des registres de langue uniformes. Cette thèse propose une séquence de traitements pour l'extraction automatique de « termes de terrain » qui soit faiblement dépendante de la langue, du registre de langue ou du domaine. Suivant une réflexion fondée sur différents aspects de typologie linguistique appliquée à sept langues, nous proposons des prétraitements textuels préliminaires au calcul de traits numériques pour l'entraînement de modèles statistiques de type CRF. Un ensemble de modèles sont sélectionnés grâce à une évaluation automatisée pour chaque langue. Une seconde série d'évaluations est ensuite réalisée pour étudier l'exploitabilité de ces modèles pour d'autres langues que celles sur lesquelles ils ont été entraînés. Il ressort de ces expériences que cette méthode aboutit à une extraction de termes de terrain de qualité satisfaisante. Les meilleurs scores obtenus (pour une évaluation monolingue des modèles) atteignent 0, 9 de f-score. La seconde partie de notre travail présente nos travaux relatifs à la complétion automatique de terminologies structurées multilingues. Nous avons proposé 2 algorithmes de complétion qui prennent en entrée un graphe de traduction multilingue (construit à partir de ressources libres) et une terminologie multilingue structurée. Ils proposent alors de nouveaux candidats termes pour cette dernière. Notre approche permet de compléter la terminologie structurée dans une langue qu'elle couvre déjà, mais également d'étendre sa couverture à de nouvelles langue
This work focuses on the analysis of verbatim produced in the context of employee surveys carried out within multinational companies and processed by the Verbatim Analysis - VERA company. It involves the design and development of a processing pi¬peline for automatically extracting terminologies in a virtually language-independent, register-independent and domain-independent way
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4

Chen, Jieying. "Knowledge Extraction from Description Logic Terminologies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS531.

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Un nombre croissant d'ontologies de grandes tailles ont été développées et mises à disposition dans des référentiels tels que le NCBO Bioportal. L'accès aux connaissances les plus pertinentes contenues dans les grandes ontologies a été identifié comme un défi important. À cette fin, nous proposons dans cette thèse trois notions différentes : modules d’ontologie minimale (sous-ontologies conservant toutes les implications sur un vocabulaire donné), meilleurs extraits ontologiques (certains petits nombres d’axiomes qui capturent le mieux les connaissances sur le vocabulaire permettant un degré de perte sémantique) et un module de projection (sous-ontologies d'une ontologie cible qui impliquent la subsomption, les requêtes d'instance et les requêtes conjonctives issues d'une ontologie de référence). Pour calculer le module minimal et le meilleur extrait, nous introduisons la notion de justification de subsomption en tant qu'extension de la justification (ensemble minimal d'axiomes nécessaires pour conserver une conséquence logique) pour capturer la connaissance de subsomption entre un terme et tous les autres termes du vocabulaire. De même, nous introduisons la notion de justifications de projection qui impliquent une conséquence pour trois requêtes différentes afin de calculer le module de projection. Enfin, nous évaluons nos approches en appliquant une implémentation prototype sur de grandes ontologies
An increasing number of ontologies of large sizes have been developed and made available in repositories such as the NCBO Bioportal. Ensuring access to the most relevant knowledge contained in large ontologies has been identified as an important challenge. To this end, in this thesis, we propose three different notions: minimal ontology modules (sub-ontologies that preserve all entailments over a given vocabulary), best ontology excerpts (certain, small number of axioms that best capture the knowledge regarding the vocabulary by allowing for a degree of semantic loss) and projection module (sub-ontologies of a target ontology that entail subsumption, instance and conjunctive queries that follow from a reference ontology). For computing minimal module and best excerpt, we introduce the notion of subsumption justification as an extension of justification (a minimal set of axioms needed to preserve a logical consequence) to capture the subsumption knowledge between a term and all other terms in the vocabulary. Similarly, we introduce the notion of projection justifications that entail consequence for three different queries in order to computing projection module. Finally, we evaluate our approaches by applying a prototype implementation on large ontologies
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5

Mahsan, Khaled. "Terminologies scientifique et technique dans le monde arabe, terminologie du langage économique : essai de modélisation d'un dictionnaire de terminologie du système bancaire." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030026.

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La terminologie est une discipline qui a acquis récemment une importance et une place reconnue parmi les disciplines qui s'occupent de la langue. Dans le monde arabe, les terminologies scientifiques et techniques, parmi lesquelles la terminologie économique, sont en évolution. La langue arabe, ancien véhicule de sciences, essaie de rattraper son retard en terminologie en utilisant plusieurs procédés tels que la dérivation, la composition, etc. Pour pouvoir exprimer les nouveaux concepts, elle opte quelquefois à l'emprunt et au calque, deux procédés qui ne font l'unanimité des langagiers arabes. Ces procédés mènent à la synonymie qui perturbe la communication interarabe. La normalisation des termes constitue une solution à ce problème. En fait, les académies et les instituts de la langue arabe conjuguent leurs efforts dans le but de normaliser les terminologies dans les deux parties du monde arabe: l'Orient et le Maghreb. Elles essaient également de profiter du succès de l'informatique et d'Internet en élaborant des bases de données terminologiques multilingues et en produisant des logiciels de traitement automatique de l'arabe qui permettent de tenir les données mises à jour
Terminology is a discipline that has recently acquired an important and recognized position among the disciplines concerned with the study of language. In the Arab world, scientific and technical terminology, including economic terminology, are in evolution. The Arabic language, which used to be the vehicle of scientific research, has employed such word-formation processes as derivation and composition in an endeavour to keep up with the growth of terminology. To be able to express new concepts, sometimes it opts for borrowing and calque, two processes which are not unanimously received by Arab linguists. These processes lead to synonymy that disturbs communication among Arabic users. The standardization of terms is a solution to this problem. In fact, the academies and institutes of Arabic combine their efforts in order to standardize the terminology in both parts of the Arab world: the East and the Maghreb. They also try to take advantage of the success of computers and the internet in developing databases for multilingual terminology and producing software for the automatic processing of Arabic, which allows for the continual updating of data
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6

Duvoskeldt, Eric. "Terminologies anglaise, française et néerlandaise du houblon." Lille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL30030.

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Cet ouvrage présente, au total, près de 2500 syntagmes simples ou composés, répartis sur trois langues : l'anglais, le français et le néerlandais. Une démarche sémasiologique a été choisie, en partant d'unités lexicales ou de syntagmes observés en discours. Les termes sélectionnés ont été cités dans le co-texte qui nous paraissait le plus pertinent. Nous avons inclus les termes dialectaux - chacune des régions houblonnières citées possédant un vocabulaire propre pour de nombreux signifiés - ainsi que les dénominations savantes dites "latines" de plantes, de maladies et de nuisibles. Les proverbes et dictons relatifs à la plante et à sa culture sont également mentionnés et traduits. Afin de replacer les différentes entrées du lexique dans le contexte plus large de l'évolution du monde houblonnier, nous retraçons dans une première partie les échanges houblonniers entre l'Angleterre et les Flandres française et belge, et considérons les facteurs qui ont freiné, ou au contraire fait progresser, la culture du houblon. Nous donnons également une description botanique de la plante et rappelons les divers travaux que nécessite sa culture. Nous examinons enfin les phénomènes de contact de langues entre les trois aires linguistiques
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7

Sun, Yi. "Querying with Ontological Terminologies And their Annotations." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1177653662.

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8

Loubatières, Jean Vérin Pierre. "Terminologies linguistiques occidentales et apprentissage des langues orientales : la mort obligée des terminologies linguistiques "occidentales" et de la grammaire enseignée /." Lille : Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411548120.

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9

Loubatières, Jean. "Terminologies linguistiques occidentales et apprentissage des langues "orientales" : la mort obligée des terminologies linguistiques "occidentales" et de la grammaire enseignée." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0015.

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La grammaire des langues n'est pas la description transparente - immanente - des structures d'un corpus dit être du latin, du français ou du wolof (par exemple). C'est une doctrine forte, peut-être la seule à avoir progressivement recouvert la totalité du monde en balayant toute résistance : elle est, actuellement, la seule en usage (sauf quelque résistance très minoritaire dans la grammaire arabe et celle, juive, des kinnuyim). Cette théorie - dont l'origine est un ensemble de textes de l'Antiquité, conçue comme ce qui est enseigné dans les Humanités - plonge ses racines dans une vision particulière du politique, du religieux et du juridique et en utilise les concepts. A ce titre, les grammaires des différentes langues ne sont, chacune, qu'une variante de la grammaire latine étendue illustrée par des exemples (traduits dans ces différentes langues), et, en aucun cas, la description "scientifique" de la langue étudiée. Une des preuves du besoin urgent à l'abandonner définitivement comme support de description linguistique est son incapacité radicale à être utilisée dans des systèmes automatiques. La thèse circonscrit quelques notions historiquement vulgarisées et inculquées au point de paraître des données naturelles (1ère partie), ensuite une création ex nihilo de cette théorie, le "tzigane", des éléments centraux de la doctrine et la poursuite de la colonisation des langues d'Afrique (et orientales) couplée à ses nécessaires échecs (3e et 4e parties)
Any grammar of any language should not be considered as an objective description of its structures (which could have been said thus, Latin, French, or Wolof Grammars, for example (s). It appears that grammar is a strongly shaped doctrine, perhaps the only one which has succeed in overwhelming the whole world (not only in linguistics) without real opposition : now the only one method in linguistics, if we exclude some fragments of non-obedient Arabic or Jewish (the doctrine of "kinnuyim"). This doctrine or theory - which roots to a mass of works from the Ancient Rome-and-Athens as we say when teaching Humanities - can be understood as a reflection of mixed social, religious and judicial concepts. And, therefore, the grammars of different languages illustrate, strictly speaking, one only (and sole) theory : the (first) Latin (then world-) Extended Grammar ; in fact, this theory is unable to describe languages. One of the most important gap is, nowadays, its uselessness for automatic translations. In this thesis, a sketch of some widely taught linguistic concepts - so widely taught that they appear to be natural beings (1°part), then an example of the power of linguist's fancy, the Gypsy language (2°part), an evaluation of some vertex of linguistics and the use of them as intellectual means to complete colonization upon African (and "eastern") languages (3rd and 4th parts)
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10

DEMORY, THIERRY. "Terminologies anglaise et francaise de la gravure d'art." Lille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL30005.

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Les principaux domaines explorés sont la gravure en relief, la taille-douce, la lithographie et la sérigraphie (procédés non industriels)
The major fields explored are relief printmaking, intaglio printmaking, lithography and serigraphy (to the exclusion of photomechanical processes)
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11

Kontonatsios, Georgios Nikolaos. "Automatic compilation of bilingual terminologies from comparable corpora." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/automatic-compilation-of-bilingual-terminologies-from-comparable-corpora(7d4ea62b-74ad-4dc9-8511-cfb14d43ae13).html.

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Bilingual terminological resources play a pivotal role in human and machine translation of technical text. Owing to the immense volume of newly produced terminology in the biomedical domain, existing resources suffer from low coverage and they are only available for a limited number of languages. The need for term alignment methods that accurately identify translations of terms, emerges. In this work, we focus on bilingual terminology induction from freely available comparable corpora, i.e. thematically related documents in two or more languages. We investigate different sources of information that determine translation equivalence, including: (a) the internal structure of terms (compositional clue), (b) the surrounding lexical context (contextual clue) and (c) the topic distribution of terms (topical clue). We present four novel compositional alignment methods and we introduce several extensions over existing compositional, context-based and topic-based approaches. Furthermore, we combine the three translation clues in a single term alignment model and we show substantial improvements over the individual translation signals when considered in isolation. We examine the performance of the proposed term alignment methods on closely related (English-French, English-Spanish) language pairs, on a more distant, low-resource language pair (English-Greek) and on an unrelated (English-Japanese) language pair. As an application, we integrate automatically compiled bilingual terminologies with Statistical Machine Translation systems to more accurately translate unknown terms. Results show that an up-to-date bilingual dictionary of terms improves the translation performance of SMT.
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12

Mabika-Birangui, Léontine. "Le Crédit bancaire : étude de terminologies française et anglaise." Lille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL30023.

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Le sujet de cette thèse portant sur le crédit bancaire : étude de terminologies francaise et anglaise, les problèmes relatifs à la terminologie et aux méthodes de travail y afférentes ont été analysés. Au cours des travaux de recherche, théoriques et pratiques, le credit bancaire a été étudié sous divers aspects : sa definition, ses bénéficiaires, ses conditions d'octroi dont les unes sont liées à la personnalité, la solvabilité et les garanties de l'emprunteur et les autres aux faits économiques tels que la conjoncture, la trésorerie de la banque, la politique du credit en vigueur, les instruments de controle du crédit à savoir les contrôles de crédit quantitatifs et qualitatifs, les réserves obligatoires, la politique du taux d'escompte, l'opération dite de l'"openmarket" et la pression ou l'autorité morale (moral suasion). La langue de départ du glossaire établi est la langue anglaise compte tenu de sa preeminence dans les milieux d'affaires et les organismes internationaux. Les unites terminologiques l'entrée au glossaire sont en rapport avec le crédit bancaire tel qu'il a été étudié au cours des travaux de recherche. Leur traduction francaise ne saurait être definitive. Ces unités terminologiques ont été étayées par des contextes les montrant en situation concrète d'emploi et sont parfois suivies de leurs synonymes
As the thesis focusses on bank credit : a study of french and english terms, problems relating to terminology and its methods have been discussed. During theoretical and practical research work, various aspects of bank credit have been examined : its definition, its recipients, conditions for extending credit some of which are related to the borrower's character, solvency and collateral security and the others to economic factors such as the business cycle, the bank's cash position, the prevailing credit policy, credit control instruments namely quantitative and qualitative credit controls, the minimum reserve requirements, the discount rate policy, the open-market operation and moral suasion. The "source" language of the glossary developed is english, given its predominance in business circles and international organizations. The entries selected and forming this glossary deal with bank credit as studied during research work. Their translation into french cannot be considered a final one. These entries are supported by contexts illustrating their practical use and are sometimes followed by their synonyms
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13

Griffon, Nicolas. "Modélisation, création et évaluation de ux de terminologies et de terminologies d'interface : application à la production d'examens complémentaires de biologie et d'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877697.

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Les intérêts théoriques, cliniques et économiques, de l'informatisation des prescriptions au sein des établissements de santé sont nombreux : diminution du nombre de prescriptions, amélioration de leur pertinence clinique, diminution des erreurs médicales... Ces béné ces restent théoriques car l'informatisation des prescriptions est, en pratique, confrontée à de nombreux problèmes, parmi lesquels les problèmes d'interopérabilité et d'utilisabilité des solutions logicielles. L'utilisation de terminologies d'interface au sein de ux de terminologies permettrait de dépasser ces problèmes. L'objectif principal de ce travail était de modéliser et développer ces ux de terminologies pour la production d'examens de biologie et d'imagerie médicale puis d'en évaluer les béné ces en termes d'interopérabilité et d'utilisabilité. Des techniques d'analyse des processus ont permis d'aboutir à une modélisation des ux de terminologies qui semble commune à de nombreux domaines. La création des ux proprement dits repose sur des terminologies d'interface, éditées pour l'occasion, et des référentiels nationaux ou internationaux reconnus. Pour l'évaluation, des méthodes spéci- ques mises au point lors du travail d'intégration d'une terminologie d'interface iconique au sein d'un moteur de recherche de recommandations médicales et d'un dossier médical, ont été appliquées. Les ux de terminologies créés induisaient d'importantes pertes d'information entre les di érents systèmes d'information. En imagerie, la terminologie d'interface de prescription était signi cativement plus simple à utiliser que les autres terminologies, une telle di érence n'a pas été mise en évidence dans le domaine de la biologie. Si les ux de terminologies ne sont pas encore fonctionnels, les terminologies d'interface, elles, sont disponibles pour tout établissement de santé ou éditeur de logiciels et devraient faciliter la mise en place de logiciels d'aide à la prescription.
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14

Griffon, Nicolas. "Modélisation, création et évaluation de flux de terminologies et de terminologies d'interface : application à la production d'examens complémentaires de biologie et d'imagerie médicale." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES008.

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Les intérêts théoriques, cliniques et économiques, de l'informatisation des prescriptions au sein des établissements de santé sont nombreux : diminution du nombre de prescriptions, amélioration de leur pertinence clinique, diminution des erreurs médicales. . . Ces bénéfices restent théoriques car l'informatisation des prescriptions est, en pratique, confrontée à de nombreux problèmes, parmi lesquels les problèmes d'interopérabilité et d'utilisabilité des solutions logicielles. L'utilisation de terminologies d'interface au sein de flux de terminologies permettrait de dépasser ces problèmes. L'objectif principal de ce travail était de modéliser et développer ces flux de terminologies pour la production d'examens de biologie et d'imagerie médicale puis d'en évaluer les bénéfices en termes d'interopérabilité et d'utilisabilité. Des techniques d'analyse des processus ont permis d'aboutir à une modélisation des flux de terminologies qui semble commune à de nombreux domaines. La création des flux proprement dits repose sur des terminologies d'interface, éditées pour l'occasion, et des référentiels nationaux ou internationaux reconnus. Pour l'évaluation, des méthodes spécifiques mises au point lors du travail d'intégration d'une terminologie d'interface iconique au sein d'un moteur de recherche de recommandations médicales et d'un dossier médical, ont été appliquées. Les flux de terminologies créés induisaient d'importantes pertes d'information entre les différents systèmes d'information. En imagerie, la terminologie d'interface de prescription était signicativement plus simple à utiliser que les autres terminologies, une telle différence n'a pas été mise en évidence dans le domaine de la biologie. Si les flux de terminologies ne sont pas encore fonctionnels, les terminologies d'interface, elles, sont disponibles pour tout établissement de santé ou éditeur de logiciels et devraient faciliter la mise en place de logiciels d'aide à la prescription.
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Carlsson, Mats. "Methods and computer based tools for handling medical terminologies and classifications /." Linköping : Univ, 2000. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2000/tek645s.pdf.

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16

Veenhuizen, Jacob. "On Cosmological Terms : A Study on Terminological Equivalence and Insufficient Terminologies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-63467.

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Terminology is an aspect of scientific-technical texts that can be quite problematic to deal with for a translator, depending on the subject. In many fields of study, the terminology is highly specific and each term clearly defined as relating to a certain concept. The problem for the translator then is to find a term within the terminology of the target language that relates to the same concept. The purpose of this paper is to examine the issue of translating terminology in an advanced text on cosmology. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are used in order to indicate the frequency of various problems relating to the translation of terminology and what strategies can be used to solve the various problems in a satisfactory manner, respectively. These analyses involve a study of terminological equivalence as well as the challenges that arise when the terminology of a given field lacks certain terms in a given language. The paper will show that a certain lack of terminological equivalence between English and Swedish as well as the greater issue of a limited development of the cosmological terminology in Swedish are two considerable problems when translating an advanced cosmological text from English into Swedish.
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17

Nikiema, Jean. "Intégration de connaissances biomédicales hétérogènes grâce à un modèle basé sur les ontologies de support." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0179/document.

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Dans le domaine de la santé, il existe un nombre très important de sources de connaissances, qui vont de simples terminologies, classifications et vocabulaires contrôlés à des représentations très formelles, que sont les ontologies. Cette hétérogénéité des sources de connaissances pose le problème de l’utilisation secondaire des données, et en particulier de l’exploitation de données hétérogènes dans le cadre de la médecine personnalisée ou translationnelle. En effet, les données à utiliser peuvent être codées par des sources de connaissances décrivant la même notion clinique de manière différente ou décrivant des notions distinctes mais complémentaires.Pour répondre au besoin d’utilisation conjointe des sources de connaissances encodant les données de santé, nous avons étudié trois processus permettant de répondre aux conflits sémantiques (difficultés résultant de leur mise en relation) : (1) l’alignement qui consiste à créer des relations de mappings (équivalence et/ou subsumption) entre les entités des sources de connaissances, (2) l’intégration qui consiste à créer des mappings et à organiser les autres entités dans une même structure commune cohérente et, enfin, (3) l’enrichissement sémantique de l’intégration qui consiste à créer des mappings grâce à des relations transversales en plus de celles d’équivalence et de subsumption.Dans un premier travail, nous avons aligné la terminologie d’interface du laboratoire d’analyses du CHU de Bordeaux à la LOINC. Deux étapes principales ont été mises en place : (i) le prétraitement des libellés de la terminologie locale qui comportaient des troncatures et des abréviations, ce qui a permis de réduire les risques de survenue de conflits de nomenclature, (ii) le filtrage basé sur la structure de la LOINC afin de résoudre les différents conflits de confusion.Deuxièmement, nous avons intégré RxNorm à la sous-partie de la SNOMED CT décrivant les connaissances sur les médicaments afin d’alimenter la SNOMED CT avec les entités de RxNorm. Ainsi, les médicaments dans RxNorm ont été décrits en OWL grâce à leurs éléments définitionnels (substance, unité de mesure, dose, etc.). Nous avons ensuite fusionné cette représentation de RxNorm à la structure de la SNOMED CT, résultant en une nouvelle source de connaissances. Nous avons ensuite comparé les équivalences inférées (entre les entités de RxNorm et celles de la SNOMED CT) grâce à cette nouvelle structure avec les équivalences créées de manière morphosyntaxique. Notre méthode a résolu des conflits de nomenclature mais s’est confrontée à certains conflits de confusion et d’échelle, ce qui a mis en évidence le besoin d’améliorer RxNorm et SNOMED CT.Finalement, nous avons réalisé une intégration sémantiquement enrichie de la CIM10 et de la CIMO3 en utilisant la SNOMED CT comme support. La CIM10 décrivant des diagnostics et la CIMO3 décrivant cette notion suivant deux axes différents (celui des lésions histologiques et celui des localisations anatomiques), nous avons utilisé la structure de la SNOMED CT pour retrouver des relations transversales entre les concepts de la CIM10 et de la CIMO3 (résolution de conflits ouverts). Au cours du processus, la structure de la SNOMED CT a également été utilisée pour supprimer les mappings erronés (conflits de nomenclature et de confusion) et désambiguïser les cas de mappings multiples (conflits d’échelle)
In the biomedical domain, there are almost as many knowledge resources in health as there are application fields. These knowledge resources, described according to different representation models and for different contexts of use, raise the problem of complexity of their interoperability, especially for actual public health problematics such as personalized medicine, translational medicine and the secondary use of medical data. Indeed, these knowledge resources may represent the same notion in different ways or represent different but complementary notions.For being able to use knowledge resources jointly, we studied three processes that can overcome semantic conflicts (difficulties encountered when relating distinct knowledge resources): the alignment, the integration and the semantic enrichment of the integration. The alignment consists in creating a set of equivalence or subsumption mappings between entities from knowledge resources. The integration aims not only to find mappings but also to organize all knowledge resources’ entities into a unique and coherent structure. Finally, the semantic enrichment of integration consists in finding all the required mapping relations between entities of distinct knowledge resources (equivalence, subsumption, transversal and, failing that, disjunction relations).In this frame, we firstly realized the alignment of laboratory tests terminologies: LOINC and the local terminology of Bordeaux hospital. We pre-processed the noisy labels of the local terminology to reduce the risk of naming conflicts. Then, we suppressed erroneous mappings (confounding conflicts) using the structure of LOINC.Secondly, we integrated RxNorm to SNOMED CT. We constructed formal definitions for each entity in RxNorm by using their definitional features (active ingredient, strength, dose form, etc.) according to the design patterns proposed by SNOMED CT. We then integrated the constructed definitions into SNOMED CT. The obtained structure was classified and the inferred equivalences generated between RxNorm and SNOMED CT were compared to morphosyntactic mappings. Our process resolved some cases of naming conflicts but was confronted to confounding and scaling conflicts, which highlights the need for improving RxNorm and SNOMED CT.Finally, we performed a semantically enriched integration of ICD-10 and ICD-O3 using SNOMED CT as support. As ICD-10 describes diagnoses and ICD-O3 describes this notion according to two different axes (i.e., histological lesions and anatomical structures), we used the SNOMED CT structure to identify transversal relations between their entities (resolution of open conflicts). During the process, the structure of the SNOMED CT was also used to suppress erroneous mappings (naming and confusion conflicts) and disambiguate multiple mappings (scale conflicts)
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18

Ye, Xin, and Xintong Zhang. "PLM for Multiple Lifecycle Product : Concepts, terminologies, processes for collaborative information management." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141017.

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Natural raw materials are consumed at a rapid rate due to the ever-growing population and the endless pursuance of higher living standard of human kind, which alerts the manufacturing industry that resource crisis would come soon if no proactive actions are taken. Rapid manufacturing and consuming of products also brings about the serious environmental problems, e.g. over mining leads to surface water and groundwater pollution, energy consumption emits huge greenhouse gases, countless solid wastes threats human’s health and the sustainable use of land. Manufacturing industry is faced with the dilemma of either to keep the economic growth to meet the increasing society demand by immolating the earth and eco-system, or to save the earth by sacrificing economic growth. However, besides those two alternatives, we could rethink about developing innovative sustainable manufacturing strategies to find the balance point of environmental, economic and social sustainability. In this thesis, Multiple Lifecycle Product (MLP) is put forward as a solution towards sustainable manufacturing. It aims to shift the current open loop manufacturing model i.e. “take-make-dispose” to a seamless closed loop manufacturing model, which enables a product to have multiple lifecycles for maximizing the utilization of raw material, minimizing the consumption of energy and recapture the utmost value-added i.e. inputs in terms of labor, plant, equipment, etc. Resource Conservative Manufacturing (ResCoM) is such a closed loop manufacturing system developedbased on MLP concept, which implements MLP through a series of meticulous and collaborative works of product design, business model, closed loop supply chain and remanufacturing. Numberless information will be generated from the collaborative work during the implementation of MLP, and in each lifecycle of a MLP a wide range of product-related information has to be archived properly. Therefore, this research work starts to develop a new PLM for MLP, also called ResCoM PLM which will be one of the most powerful support tools for information management and decision-making of MLP manufacturing. As the beginning of ResCoM PLM research, this thesis targets to create a framework and foundation of ResCoM PLM research. Concepts and terminologies in the area of PLM for MLP are established systematically, and the ambiguous or overlapped concepts and terms presented in the state-of-the-art will be compared and explained. IDEF0 information model of MLP is createdby investigating the essential activities of implementing MLP, i.e. product design, business design, closed loop supply chain management and remanufacturing/manufacturing. Through elaborating the mutual interdependence, interactions, feedback and causalities among the essential activities and revealing the information and material flows of MLP manufacturing helps the readers to have deep understanding of MLP manufacturing and identify the issues of ResCoM PLM research.
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19

Palmer, Blair D. "Production grammars for the kinship terminologies of Burmese and several Indonesian languages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37156.pdf.

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20

Josselin-Leray, Amélie Thoiron Philippe. "Place et rôle des terminologies dans les dictionnaires généraux unilingues et bilingues." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/josselin_a.

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21

Arkhipova, Anna. "Formes du figement dans les terminologies juridiques française et russe : étude comparée." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL030.

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Les formes du figement dans les terminologies juridiques françaises et russes. Étude comparée.Le but de cette recherche est de décrire la formation des collocations spécialisées vues dans une optique contrastive, au sein de la langue spécialisée juridique française et de la langue russe. L'objet de la recherche est la modélisation des liens syntagmatiques des termes de la langue spécialisée juridique. Nous nous sommes inspirée de la sémantique des cadres, notamment du frame filmorien qui structure notre étude. L'unité d'analyse est une collocation de la langue spécialisée juridique appélée combinaison lexicale spécialisée.L'approche onomasiologique pose la problématique de l'étude des systèmes conceptuels des combinaisons lexicales spécialisées (ou CLS). L'approche sémasiologique s'occupe de la modélisation des CLS au niveau de la langue. Ainsi, les deux approches proposées - l'onomasiologique et la sémasiologique - servent respectivement aux besoins de la construction de deux champs, le notionnel et le sémantique, sur lesquels se fonde la typologie interlinguistique. Nous utilisons une approche comparative pour pouvoir trouver les parallélismes dans la procédure de création et de stabilisation de la signification dans les deux langues spécialisées, française et russe. C'est au cours de la confrontation de deux langues spécialisées que nous analysons les différences de créativité linguistique pour ensuite pouvoir en déduire les principes communs de formation des CLS juridiques. La méthode de traduction nous permet de juger de la stabilisation de la signification de la CLS en question et ensuite du degré de sa terminologisation. La comparaison interlinguistique, plus précisément pour ce qui nous concerne, la méthode de traduction, si elle révèle les propriétés extérieures au système des langues spécialisées française ou russe, sert également aux besoins de la modélisation lexico-sémantique de leurs moyens combinatoires
General outline of the thesis: The forms of the unchanging nature of the French and Russian terminology. A comparative study.This research aims at describing the setting up of specialized collocations with a contrastive perspective t, within the French and Russian specialized legal language.The aim of this research deals with the modelling of the syntagmatic links regarding the terms of the specialized legal language. We have drawn our inspiration from the ideas of the semantics of the framework, in particular, of the Filmorian frame that structures our study. The analysis unit is a collocation of the specialized legal language, which is called specialized lexical combination.The onomasiological approach sets the problem of the study of the conceptual systems concerning the SLC. The semasiological approach deals with the modelling of the SLC at language level. Thus, the two suggested approaches, the onomasiological and the semasiological ones, both answer the needs of the setting up of the two fields: the notional as well as the semantic ones that, in turn, lay the foundation of the interlinguistic typology. We use a comparative approach to be able to find some kind of parallelism within the process of creation and stabilisation of the two specialized languages: French and Russian. While making a comparison between the two specialized languages, we can analyse the difference of linguistic creativity in order to be able to infer the common principles that govern the formation of the SLC. The method of translation, even if it points out the properties outside the system of the concrete specialized language, either French or Russian, does answer the needs of the lexico-semantic modelling of their perspective means of combination.Key words : jurdical terminology, frame, collocation, specialized lexical combination, onomasiological approach, semasiological approach, conceptual systems, comparative approach, translation
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22

Dias, Thiago Fernandes de Freitas. "Método para mapeamento entre terminologias em saúde, visando a interoperabilidade entre sistemas de informação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-28032016-135323/.

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A alta disponibilidade de informações em saúde por meio de sistemas de informação só pode ser proporcionada com a utilização de sistemas que sejam capazes de trocar dados de forma segura e consistente. Para isso, estes sistemas necessitam ser interoperáveis, capazes de trocar informações. Uma das características mais importantes de tais sistemas é a utilização de terminologias em saúde, permitindo a codificação dos termos clínicos de maneira robusta e consistente. Algumas das terminologias mais conhecidas e utilizadas são: SNOMED-CT, ICD-CM, ICD, LOINC, NANDA, TUSS, CBHPM, Tabela de Procedimentos SUS, entre outras. Quando os sistemas não se utilizam de uma mesma terminologia para codificação de um mesmo conceito é necessário a realização de mapeamentos e traduções entre as terminologias. O mapeamento entre terminologias consiste em estabelecer as associações pertinentes às terminologias para que cada termo pertencente a uma possa ser associado a algum termo da outra. Este mapeamento, geralmente, é criado por especialistas de domínio, que atuam analisando as duas terminologias em questão e estabelecendo manualmente estas associações. Neste trabalho, propomos uma metodologia que visa facilitar a realização deste tipo de mapeamento, por meio da utilização de dois recursos: Regras de Associação, para extração das associações preexistentes entre as terminologias em registros clínicos; e Busca Textual, para pareamento entre conceitos das duas terminologias baseado na identificação de termos comuns. O auxílio à criação destes mapeamentos é proporcionado por meio de sugestões de relações existentes entre as terminologias. Como resultado deste trabalho obtivemos uma metodologia genérica de mapeamento entre terminologias capaz de auxiliar com sucesso os especialistas. Em aproximadamente 40% dos casos os especialistas concordaram com uma das sugestões apresentadas. De forma complementar, obtivemos o mapeamento parcial entre duas terminologias: a ICD9-CM e a TUSS, utilizadas como caso de uso para validação da metodologia.
The high availability of health information through information systems can be provided only with the use of systems that are able to exchange data securely and consistently. To this end, these systems need to be interoperable, capable of exchanging information that is understood both at one end as the other. One of the most important characteristics of such systems is the use of terminologies in health, allowing the coding of clinical terms in a robust and consistent manner. Some of the most known and used terminologies are: SNOMED-CT, ICD-CM, ICD, LOINC, NANDA, TUSS, CBHPM, and SUS Procedures Table, among others. When systems do not use the same terminology for encoding the same concept, it is necessary to perform mappings and translations between the terminologies. The mapping between terminologies consists on establishing the relevant associations present in terminologies, so that each term belonging to one can be associated unambiguously to the terms belonging to another. This mapping is typically created by domain experts who work analyzing the two terms in question and manually setting these associations. In this paper, we propose a methodology that aims to facilitate this type of mapping, through the use of two frameworks: Association Rules, for the extraction of preexisting associations between the terminologies in clinical records; and Textual Search, for pairing between the two terminologies concepts based on the identification of common terms. The creation of these mappings by experts is aided by the method suggesting links between the terminologies through the Association Rules or Textual Search. As a result of this work we obtained a generic methodology for mapping between terminologies able to successfully assist the experts. In approximately 40% of cases the experts agreed with the suggestions. As a complement, we obtained a partial mapping between two specific terminologies for coding surgical procedures: the ICD9-CM and TUSS, used as use case to validate the methodology.
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23

Sakji, Saoussen. "Recherche d'information et indexation automatique des médicaments à l'aide de plusieurs terminologies de santé." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES032.

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L'utilisation des données médicales et l'accès à une information concise sont devenus des enjeux majeurs, non seulement pour les professionnels de santé mais aussi pour le grand public. Pour faciliter à atteindre cet objectif, plusieurs terminologies médicales ont été développées. Ces dernières sont employées généralement pour des finalités différentes. Par exemple, la classification ATC est utilisée pour classer les médicaments, la nomenclature SNOMED pour lke codage clinique, les classifications CIM-10 et CCAM pour le codage épidémiologique puis médico-économique, le thésaurus MeSH pour la bibliographie. . . Ainsi, dans un contexte appliqué au domaine de la recherche d'information médicale, les objectifs de cette thèse ont été la création d'un modèle de recherche utilisant plusieurs terminologies médicales, dans un premier temps. Cet univers multi-terminologique permet d'améliorer la qualité de l'information restituée selon les propres connaissances des utilisateurs. Ensuite, nous avons été amenés à concevoir une approche d'indexation auttomatique, par la classification ATC, pour les ressources du Portail d'Information sur les Médicaments (PIM), conçu dans le cadre du projet européen PSIP. Cette indexation a pour but d'améliorer l'indexation des médicaments afin de fournir à l'utilisateur une information plus fine et détaillée. Enfin, nous avons modifié notre algorithme de recherche afin de l'adapter à notre nouvelle structure multi-terminologique.
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24

Arockiasamy, Savarimuthu. "Using the SKOS Model for Standardizing Semantic Similarity and Relatedness Measures for Ontological Terminologies." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1250095881.

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25

Rananga, Namadzavho Esther. "Mushumo wa vhalala kha mvelele ya Tshivenda zho livhanywa na theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2323.

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Thesis (M.A.(African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2009.
Tshipikwa tsha ngudo iyi ho vha u sedzulusa zwine vhalala vha nga thusa ngazwo kha u kona u tandulula thaidzo dzine ra vha nadzo ano maḓuvha. Ri tshi sedza miṱa i khou pwashea ḓuvha ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe nga ṅwambo wa u shaya ngeletshedzo dza vhalala nga maanḓa vha vhushaka ha malofha. Zwo vhonala kha ino ngudo uri vhaṅwe vhaṅwali na vhasengulusi vho vhona zwi zwa ndeme u kona u ṱalutshedza ndeme ya vhalala na zwine vha eletshedza. U shumiswa ha theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha zwo kona u vhonala uri nga ngoho, ya swika hune ya tevhelwa na u ṱhonifhiwa zwi ḓo ita uri ḽi kone u lala miṱani yashu. Nga u nyadza ngeletshedzo dzi bvaho kha vhalala zwo sumbedzwa kha ino ngudo uri vhathu vha nga dzula vha tshi vhaisala vhutshiloni havho. Zwenezwo theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha ndi zwa ndeme uri i ṱhonifhiwe ngauri i ṋea tshirunzi miṱa na uri miṱa ya sa kwashekane na u fhalala.
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26

Wilkins, Jordan W. "Electronic nicotine delivery system reporting practices in young adults| Effects of including multiple device terminologies." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10129643.

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Despite the rapidly expanding body of literature relating to electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use, notable gaps in the available literature are apparent. Many different models and types of ENDS are available, such as electronic cigarettes, electronic hookahs, and newer-generation ENDS devices (vapes/mods). Yet, the scientific community has been slow to identify and investigate different ENDS products other than “e-cigarettes.” The current project serves to bring a level of specificity to ENDS research that has not yet been seen in the published literature. The current study used a multi-site, cross-sectional, experimental design to test 1) whether endorsement of ENDS usage is affected by the language used in measurement, and 2) whether the perceived risk associated with ENDS differs by product type. Lifetime ENDS use was significantly affected by the specific terms used in measurement within a sample of 546 undergraduate students. When presented with response options for multiple ENDS types, lifetime use was 17% greater than when asking about e-cigarettes alone. Significant perceptual differences between ENDS devices were apparent. E-hookahs and vapes/mods were seen as significantly less harmful to use during pregnancy, less harmful to one’s health, and less addictive than either cigalike e-cigarettes or conventional tobacco cigarettes. Together, these findings suggest using generic, single-item measures that only ask about e-cigarettes are problematic.

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27

Meadeb, François. "La céramique achrome de l'Incoronata : concepts, terminologies, typologies d'une production indigène de l'Âge du Fer." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20008.

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Cette thèse doctorale constitue une enquête éminemment céramologique, prenant pour cadre historique le phénomène de la « protocolonisation » grecque en Italie méridionale, et plus particulièrement dans une région du littoral ionien. Elle prend en considération la céramique auparavant considérée et dite « commune », classe de matériel aux contours incertains et à la définition particulièrement fluctuante. En effet, contrairement à la production fine indigène décorée ou à celle produite localement par des migrants Grecs, dont les formes et les motifs décoratifs sont nettement identifiables, la céramique commune, qu’elle soit de production hellénique ou indigène, apparaît comme une classe relativement peu étudiée et fonctionnellement hétéroclite.Il s’agit ici d’étudier et d’approfondir les perspectives théoriques, conceptuelles et anthropologiques, autour de cette céramique caractérisée notamment par des critères techniques et esthétiques, à savoir une facture de moyenne voire de mauvaise qualité, des formes relativement simples et achromes, et une polyvalence théorique à définir ; et d’autre part de proposer un catalogue typochronologique et contextualisé du matériel en céramique fine achrome de l’Incoronata, excluant de facto la céramique a impasto et es très grands conteneurs.Il conviendra évidemment de multiplier les confrontations en s’intéressant d’une part, à tous les types de contextes, grecs, indigènes ou mixtes, fouillés dans le Métapontin et la Siritide, mais également en élargissant le cadre géographique de l’enquête à toute l’Italie méridionale, voire au-delà
This doctoral thesis constitutes an eminently ceramological investigation, within the historic background of the henomenon of the Greek «protocolonization» in Southern Italy, more particularly in the Ionian coast district. This survey takes into consideration the ceramic previously treated and said as «plain ware», class of material which outlines and definition are uncertain and particularly fluctuating. Indeed, contrary to the indigenous fine ware production or to the local greek production, among whom the forms and the ornamental motives are clearly recognizable, the common ceramic, whether it is of greek or indigenous production, appears as a class relatively little studied and functionally heterogeneous.Here we aim to study and to deepen the theoretical, abstract and anthropological perspectives, around this ceramic traditionally characterized by technical and esthetic criteria: namely a poor quality average, relatively simple forms and achromy, and a polyfonctionality to be defined; on the other hand we’ll try to propose a typo-chronological and contextualized catalog of the achromic ceramic material from Incoronata, excluding de facto the impasto class and the major containers.Obviously, it will be advisable to multiply the confrontations by being interested on one hand, to all the types of contexts, Greek, native or mixed, between the Metapontino and the Siritide, but also by widening the geographical frame to the Southern Italy and even beyond
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Merabti, Tayeb. "Méthodes pour la mise en relations des terminologies médicales : contribution à l'interopérabilité sémantique Inter et Intra terminologique." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES010.

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Depuis une vingtaine d'années, l'accès et l'utilisation des données médicales sont devenus des enjeux majeurs pour les professionnels de santé comme pour le grand public. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs terminologies médicales spécialisées ont été créées. Ces terminologies ont pour la plupart des formats de représentation et visées différentes : la nomenclature SNOMED 3. 5 pour le codage d'informations cliniques, les classifications CIM10 et CCAM pour le codage épidémiologique puis médico-économique, le thésaurus MeSH pour la bibliographie. . . Devant ce constat et la nécessité grandissante de permettre la coopération de différents acteurs de la santé et des systèmes d'information associés, il apparaît nécessaire de rendre les terminologies "interopérables". Notre travail qui s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR InterSTIS (Interopérabilité Sémantique des Terminologies dans les Systèmes d'informations de Santé Français), vise à mettre en œuvre des méthodes permettant de contribuer à l'interopérabilité entre les différentes terminologies francophones qui seront intégrées dans un même serveur Multi-Terminologique. De plus, nous utilisons nos différents algorithmes conjointement avec le métathésaurus UMLS afin d'apporter une plus grande couverture au niveau des relations entre les terminologies. Nous bénéficions, notamment, dans le cadre de cette thèse, d'une expérience riche dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique de la Langue (TAL) issue des précédents travaux de recherche dans les équipes CISMeF et LERTIM
Since twenty years ago, access and use of medical data become major issues for health professional and lay people. In this context, multiphe health terminologies were be developped. Theses terminologies have mostly different format and purpose : SNOMED International for clinical coding, CCAM and ISD10 used for epidemiological and medico-economic purposes, MeSH thesaurus for bibliographic databases. Hence, and given the growing need for cooperation between health practitioners, a new "intreoprable" terminoloy base is now required. This work take place in a more global InterSTIS project (french acronym of Semantic Interoperabiblity of terminologies in French Health Information Systems) funded by the French National Research Agency. The goal of InterSTIS is to make interoperable the main French medical terminologies within a "Health Multi-Terminology Server" (HMTS). We use also UMLS to provide a large coverage of relations between terminologies. We benefit in the case of this PhD of an extensive experience in the Natural Language Processing field from a multiple CISMEF and LERTIM research projects
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Lara, Cássia Vale. "Batalhas simbólicas e controvérsias terminológicas: os discursos de pesquisadores sobre a identidade do campo da comunicação na área de comunicação organizacional." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2059.

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Verificar a validade da hipótese segundo a qual as terminologias relacionadas à área de Comunicação emergem em meio a lutas simbólicas pelo lugar de fala constitui o pilar central desta pesquisa. Os dez autores de Comunicação Organizacional mais citados pelo portal Google Acadêmico têm suas estruturas discursivas analisadas. O estudo parte de referenciais teóricos nos quais as identidades são concebidas como construções sociais, regidas por disputas de poder, também presentes no ato de classificar. As entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com os pesquisadores são submetidas a Análise de Conteúdo, predominantemente sob a concepção de Bardin, e a Análise Crítica de Discurso, utilizando-se da noção de fórmula, de Krieg-Planque. Por meio de grupos focais, também são analisadas as concepções de professores e profissionais relacionados à área, que trabalham na cidade de Juiz de Fora. Eles discutem em que medida percebem conflitos simbólicos entre os escritores e o quanto a variedade de terminologias pode impactar sua rotina de trabalho.
The main aim of this research is to verify the hypothesis according to which the terminologies related to Communication appear among symbolic struggles. The top ten writers of Business Communication mentioned by Google Scholar have their discursive structures analysed. This project is based on a theory in which identities are conceived of as social constructions conducted by power struggles, which are also present in the classification. All the interviews carried out in depth with the researchers have been submitted to Content Analysis, as conceived by Bardin and to Critical Discourse Analysis, a technique used by Krieg-Planque. Focus groups have also been used to analyse the conceptions of lecturers and Communication professionals who work in Juiz de Fora. They have discussed to what extent they perceive symbolic struggles among the writers and how much the variety of terminologies can have an impact on their daily routine.
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30

Josselin-Leray, Amélie. "Place et rôle des terminologies dans les dictionnaires généraux unilingues et bilingues : étude d'un domaine de spécialité : volcanologie." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/josselin_a.

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La thèse a pour objectif d'améliorer le traitement des termes, c'est-à-dire des mots appartenant aux langues de spécialités, dans les dictionnaires généraux unilingues et bilingues usuels. Pour cela, elle dresse d'abord un historique — dans la tradition lexicographique francophone et anglophone — de l'inclusion des termes dans les dictionnaires généraux, et dresse le bilan des constats établis par divers lexicographes et métalexicographes quant au traitement macrostructurel et microstructurel des termes. Ayant par ce biais justifié la raison d'être (ou la place) de ce type d'unité lexicale dans ce type de dictionnaire, elle expose le point de vue des utilisateurs sur ce sujet. Une enquête a ainsi été menée auprès de trois catégories d'utilisateurs susceptibles de s'intéresser aux termes dans le dictionnaire général : les scientifiques, les langagiers et le grand public, afin de déterminer s'ils souhaitent voir figurer des termes dans les dictionnaires généraux, quelles informations concernant ces termes ils utilisent, et, enfin, quel est leur degré de satisfaction concernant différents aspects (richesse de la nomenclature, exactitude scientifique des définitions, précision du marquage, etc. ). Les résultats fournis par 647 sondages, dont la méthodologie de constitution est préalablement expliquée, sont ensuite détaillés. La thèse analyse également les choix éditoriaux relatifs au traitement d'une terminologie en particulier (celle de la volcanologie) dans divers types de dictionnaires généraux (dictionnaires unilingues français, dictionnaires unilingues anglais, dictionnaires bilingues anglais-français). Cette analyse se fait à la lumière des données d'un corpus comparable et d'un corpus traduit de vulgarisation de la volcanologie, corpus dont la construction est décrite au préalable. La thèse finit par montrer quel rôle joue l'inclusion des termes dans les dictionnaires généraux dans le processus global du rapport à la connaissance
The main objective of the thesis is to improve the treatment of terms (i. E. Words belonging to special fields) in general monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. To reach that goal, the thesis first examines the literature written on that topic by metalexicographers, and the guidelines on the inclusion of terms written by lexicographers. The review of the literature seems to justify why terms are included in general dictionaries from the point of view of lexicographers and metalexicographers. Metalexicographers also assess the treatment of terms as far as the macrostructure and microstructure of the dictionaries are concerned. However, one point of view is missing : that of the user. Thus, a survey was designed and sent to the three categories of users who are most likely to look up terms in a general dictionary : first, scientists; second, langue specialists; three, the general public. The aim was to determine whether they wish to have terms included in their dictionaries, what type of information about terms they look up, and, finally, whether they are satisfied with various aspects of the treatment (such as the total number of terms included, the scientific accuracy of the definitions, the use and number of field labels, etc. ). The results provided by the 647 surveys collected are thoroughly detailed, after the methodology concerning the designing process of the survey has been described. The thesis also analyses the treatment of the vocabulary of one field in particular (volcanology) in several dictionaries (monolingual French dictionaries, monolingual English dictionaries, bilingual English-French dictionaries). The analysis relies on the data provided by two corpora: a comparable corpus, and a translation corpus, both dealing with popular science texts related to volcanology. The corpus-building process is also described step by step. The thesis ends with an explanation about the role of terms in the more general process of knowledge-building
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31

Otman, Gabriel. "Les représentations sémantiques en terminologie : la modélisation des unités terminologiques sous la forme de réseaux sémantico-terminologiques." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040112.

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Cette these presente un modele theorique de representation formelle des unites terminologiques d'un domaine specialise des sciences et des techniques, baptise reseau semantico-terminologique (rst). Le modele de reference est le reseau semantique de r. Quilian et le domaine terminologique retenu celui de l'intelligence artificielle. L'objectif a terme est l'implantation de ce modele sur une base de connaissances terminologiques (bct) afin de permettre a des terminologiques (ou a d'autres professionnels de la langue) d'extraire a l'aide d'un systeme de requete des connaissances terminologiques de cette base par des modes d'interrogation et de circulation que n'autorisent pas les dictionnaires et les bases de donnees terminologiques actuels
This thesis describes a theoric model for the formal representation of terminological units in a specialised field of science and technology, named "reseau semantico-terminologique" (rst). The reference model is r. Quillian's semantic network and the terminological field is artificial intelligence. The final objective is to implement this model on a terminological knowledge base (tbk) so as to enable terminologists (or any language professional) to extract by the means of a request system terminological knowledge from this base using means of interrogagion and navigation not allowed by traditional terminological dictionnaries and current terminological databases
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32

Sferle, Adriana. "Etude comparative des terminologies juridiques française et roumaine. Elaboration d'un dictionnaire bilingue du droit des contrats de commerce international." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030045.

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Notre thèse étudie les principaux aspects liés au langage juridique, plus particulièrement à la terminologie juridique dans une perspective comparative entre le français et le roumain, et dans ce contexte elle fait une analyse en vue d’élaborer un type de dictionnaire terminologique bilingue des contrats de commerce international. Par cette recherche nous souhaitons contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la terminologie juridique en roumain. La Roumanie connaît dernièrement, surtout depuis l’adhésion à l’Union Européenne [le 1er janvier 2007] un réel besoin d’études terminologiques, d’élaboration de dictionnaires et de bases de données dans tous les domaines d’activité nécessitant la traduction et l’interprétariat. La thèse est structurée en trois parties marquant une progression : • le cadre théorique — démontrant la nécessité de délimiter et de dénommer notre champ d’étude ; •le cadre méthodologique — justifiant la nécessité d’une ontologie, d’un classement des concepts permettant de préciser la nature et l’utilisation des termes et leur définition dans notre dictionnaire ; •le cadre des applications — illustrant notre travail par l’élaboration d’un type de dictionnaire bilingue du droit des contrats de commerce international [français-roumain et roumain-français] pouvant répondre aux besoins des spécialistes qui, à des titres divers, œuvrent dans le domaine du commerce international, professionnels du droit et traducteurs liés à ces activités
Our dissertation is a comparative study investigating the main aspects of legal terminology in French and Romanian. In this context, the analysis aims at elaborating a bilingual, French - Romanian, Romanian - French, terminological dictionary of international commercial contracts. With this study we intend to improve the knowledge of legal terminology in Romanian. Romania has been faced lately, particularly since January 1st 2007, when it joined the European Union, with a real need for terminological studies, for dictionaries and data bases in all fields relating to translation and interpreting. The dissertation is structured in three parts marking a progression: •the theoretical framework - illustrating the need to define and delimit our field of study •the methodological framework - justifying the need for an ontology, for a classification of concepts that would enable the clarification of the nature and usage of the terms and their definition in our dictionary •the sphere of applications - illustrating our work by the elaboration of a bilingual, French - Romanian, Romanian - French, terminological dictionary of international commercial contracts, able to meet the needs of specialists working in the field of international trade, law professionals and translators working in these areas
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33

Terenzi, Lucia. "La terminologia: sviluppo, teorie e strumenti per la ricerca terminologica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18822/.

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In questo elaborato si analizzano le varie fasi di sviluppo della disciplina della terminologia, dalla sua nascita fino all'avvento dei computer e della rete Internet; si esaminano i suoi supporti, cartaceo o digitale, l’affidabilità delle fonti e la difficoltà nell'indicare i limiti nei quali questa disciplina opera. In primo luogo, viene introdotto il concetto di “termine” e viene spiegata la relazione che esiste tra documentazione e terminologia e lessicografia e terminologia. In secondo luogo, vi è un'analisi storiografica della disciplina. L'analisi è effettuata in progressione cronologica, partendo dai primi glossari commerciali della Mezzaluna Fertile, passando per le glosse medioevali, per arrivare all'Illuminismo francese e alla Teoria Generale del terminologo austriaco Eugen Wüster. Vengono analizzate non solo la teoria della scuola di Vienna, di cui Wüster faceva parte, ma anche quelle della scuola di Mosca e Praga, principali scuole di terminologia del secolo scorso. Successivamente, si tratta anche il tema della standardizzazione voluta da organizzazioni internazionali quali l’UNESCO e l’ISO durante il XX secolo e portata avanti grazie agli studi del terminologo austriaco. Inoltre, vengono analizzate altre due teorie terminologiche più recenti, formulate a cavallo tra il XX e il XXI secolo, cioè la Teoria Comunicativa della Terminologia di Maria Teresa Cabré e la Teoria Sociocognitiva di Rita Temmerman. Infine si analizza l’era dell’espansione della terminologia, dovuta alla computerizzazione dei metodi di raccolta ed immagazzinamento della terminologia e della documentazione. Si presentano i software e gli strumenti più utilizzati da traduttori ed interpreti per creare e analizzare corpus ed estrarre terminologia.
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34

Tseng, Hui-Chen. "Use of standardized nursing terminologies in electronic health records for oncology care: the impact of NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1409.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of cancer patients and the most frequently chosen nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions chosen for care plans from a large Midwestern acute care hospital. In addition the patients' outcome change scores and length of stay from the four oncology specialty units are investigated. Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model is the framework for this study. This is a descriptive retrospective study. The sample included a total of 2,237 patients admitted on four oncology units from June 1 to December 31, 2010. Data were retrieved from medical records, the nursing documentation system, and the tumor registry center. Demographics showed that 63% of the inpatients were female, 89% were white, 53 % were married and 26% were retired. Most patients returned home (82%); and 2% died in the hospital. Descriptive analysis identified that the most common nursing diagnoses for oncology inpatients were Acute Pain (78%), Risk for Infection (31%), and Nausea (26%). Each cancer patient had approximately 3.1 nursing diagnoses (SD=2.5), 6.3 nursing interventions (SD=5.1), and 3.7 nursing outcomes (SD=2.9). Characteristics of the patients were not found to be related to LOS (M=3.7) or outcome change scores for Pain Level among the patients with Acute Pain. Specifically, 88% of patients retained or improved outcome change scores. The most common linkage of NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC (NNN), a set of standardized nursing terminologies used in the study that represents nursing diagnoses, nursing-sensitive patient outcomes and nursing interventions, prospectively, was Acute Pain--Pain Level--Pain Management. Pain was the dominant concept in the nursing care provided to oncology patients. Risk for Infection was the most frequent nursing diagnosis in the Adult Leukemia and Bone Transplant Unit. Patients with both Acute Pain and Risk for Infection may differ among units; while the traditional study strategies rarely demonstrate this finding. Identifying the pattern of core diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes for oncology nurses can direct nursing care in clinical practice and provide direction for future research tot targets areas of high impact and guide education and evaluation of nurse competencies.
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35

Dupuch, Marie. "Détection de termes sémantiquement proches : clustering non supervisé basé sur les relations sémantiques et le degré d'apparenté sémantique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066327.

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L'utilisation de termes équivalents ou sémantiquement proches est nécessaire pour augmenter la couverture et la sensibilité d'une application comme la recherche et l'extraction d'information ou l'annotation sémantique de documents. Dans le contexte de l'identification d'effets indésirables susceptibles d'être dûs à un médicament, la sensibilité est aussi recherchée afin de détecter plus exhaustivement les déclarations spontanées et de mieux surveiller le risque médicamenteux. C'est la raison qui motive notre travail. Dans notre travail de thèse, nous cherchons ainsi à détecter des termes sémantiquement proches et à les regrouper en utilisant plusieurs méthodes : des algorithmes de clustering non supervisés, des ressources terminologiques exploitées avec le raisonnement terminologique et des méthodes de Traitement Automatique de la Langue, comme la structuration de terminologies, où nous visons la détection de relations hiérarchiques et synonymiques. Nous avons réalisé de nombreuses expériences et évaluations des clusters générés, qui montrent que les méthodes proposées peuvent contribuer efficacement à la tâche visée
The use of equivalent terms or semantically close is necessary to increase the coverageand sensitivity of applications such as information retrieval and extraction or semanticannotation of documents. In the context of the adverse drug reactions identification, sensitivityis also sought to detect more exhaustively spontaneous reports and better monitordrug risk. This is the reason that motivates our work. In our work, we thus seek to detectsemantically close terms and the together using several methods : unsupervised algorithms, terminological resources exploited with terminological reasoning and methodsof Natural Language Processing, such as terminology structuring, where we aim to detecthierarchical and synonymous relations. We conducted many experiments and evaluations of generated, which show that the proposed methods can efficiently contribute tothe task in question
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36

Gastaldello, Giada. "Sistematizzare la terminologia della distillazione: una proposta di database terminologico bilingue per le Distillerie Bagnoli." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13785/.

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La presente tesi di laurea è il risultato della collaborazione con un’azienda della provincia di Padova: le Distillerie Bagnoli. Il progetto consiste nella sistematizzazione della terminologia bilingue della distillazione ed è volto a proporre un database terminologico italiano-inglese contenente i termini principali che ricorrono nei materiali informativi dell’azienda: cataloghi e sito web. Il database terminologico è pensato per l’azienda stessa e per i traduttori che dovranno tradurre nuovi materiali aziendali. Per il presente lavoro si è creato un sistema concettuale italiano-inglese, rappresentativo del dominio delle distillerie, sulla base del quale si sono individuati i 28 termini più rilevanti e i rispettivi equivalenti in inglese. Infine, si sono compilate 5 schede terminologiche complete bilingui. La tesi si divide in tre capitoli: nel primo si fornisce il contesto teorico, nel secondo si descrive il progetto e nel terzo si espongono i risultati del lavoro terminologico. In particolare, nel primo capitolo si tratta il tema delle lingue speciali e del loro rapporto con la lingua generale, si definiscono le unità terminologiche e si introduce la terminologia, soffermandosi infine sulla terminologia basata sui corpora. Nel secondo capitolo si descrive il progetto terminologico. Innanzitutto si presenta l’azienda per poi passare ad esporre la metodologia di lavoro adottata, concentrandosi sulla fase di pianificazione terminologica e sulla creazione dei corpora di riferimento. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo è dedicato all’estrazione dei candidati termini e alla creazione del sistema concettuale e delle schede terminologiche complete bilingui. Tutti i risultati ottenuti verranno riportati nelle appendici.
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37

Papaleo, Eva. "Terminologia accademico-istituzionale in inglese lingua franca: Revisione del database terminologico dell'università di Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8986/.

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Il presente lavoro rientra nella cornice dei progetti volti ad agevolare la traduzione e produzione da parte delle Università italiane di contenuti online e documentazione ufficiale anche in ELF, in modo da renderli più facilmente accessibili a livello internazionale. Uno strumento utile a questo scopo, di cui molte università si stanno dotando, è un supporto terminologico relativo al dominio accademico-istituzionale. Questo elaborato si suddivide in sei capitoli. Il primo capitolo, di introduzione, è seguito dal capitolo 2, che presenta la terminologia come disciplina, offre una descrizione dei concetti della terminologia classica rilevanti per il lavoro, seguita da una panoramica degli strumenti di sistematizzazione della conoscenza utilizzati. Il capitolo 3 introduce il processo europeo di riforma dei sistemi di istruzione superiore, che ha motivato la creazione da parte di diverse università europee di strumenti di gestione della terminologia accademico-istituzionale. Vengono anche illustrate alcune Banche Dati terminologiche reperite presso altre università europee. Segue l’analisi dei progetti avviati dall’Università di Bologna, in particolare della Banca Dati di terminologia riferita alla Didattica e all’Organizzazione dell’Ateneo creata dall’Ufficio Relazioni Internazionali. All’interno del capitolo 4 viene descritto il lavoro di analisi delle fonti utilizzate durante la creazione della Banca Dati. Il capitolo 5 introduce le fonti aggiuntive utilizzate nel processo di revisione e compilazione, ovvero i corpora specialistici di dominio accademico-istituzionale, e descrive il processo di analisi metodologica e le modifiche strutturali implementate sulla Banca Dati originale, per poi illustrare le modalità di ricerca e di compilazione dei campi della Banca Dati. L’ultimo capitolo descrive la Banca Dati finale, riassumendo brevemente i risultati del lavoro svolto e presentando la proposta del metodo di assegnazione della tipologia di scheda terminologica a ciascun termine in base alle sue caratteristiche funzionali come punto di riferimento per la successiva compilazione delle restanti sezioni della Banca Dati.
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38

Avillach, Paul. "Du système d'information clinique au système d'information épidémiologique : apport de l'intéropérabilité sémantique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20697.

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Les informations médicales recueillies dans le cadre du soin doivent être utilisables pour répondre à d’autres objectifs plus collectifs. Dans ce contexte de réutilisation des données d’un système d’information clinique pour de la recherche en épidémiologie, l’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’apport de l'intéropérabilité sémantique à travers un certain nombre de situations concrêtes que nous avons rencontrées et étudiées et qui illustrent la nature des problèmes de cohérence sémantiques liés au traitement des données médicales et de santé.La coexistence, à un moment donné, de plusieurs référentiels sémantiques ne doit pas être considéré comme un obstacle à l'interopérabilité. Des outils génériques peuvent être conçus et développés pour passer de façon transparente d'un composant à un autre avec aussi peu de perte d’information que possible. L’Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) est un de ses outils d’intégration sémantique. Son usage dans le cadre de ces travaux montre le caractère général de cette méthode et son potentiel pour résoudre cette classe de problèmes d’intéropérabilité sémantique.La richesse de chacune des terminologies permet, lorsqu’elles sont associées dans un même référentiel sémantique pivot, d’enrichir l’ensemble des terminologies prises individuellement pour une meilleur représentation des connaissances.L’interopérabilité sémantique améliore la disponibilité et la qualité des données réutilisables pour des recherches en santé publique. Elle permet d’enrichir les données existantes. Elle fournit les moyens d'accéder à de nouvelles sources de données, agrégées de manière valide, permettant des analyses comparatives ou des analyses plus riches
Medical information collected during clinical care must be re-used to address other more collective goals. In this context of re-using data from a clinical information system for epidemiological research, the objective of this work is to study the contribution of semantic interoperability across a number of practical situations we have met and discussed which illustrate the nature of semantic consistency problems associated with processing of medical data.Coexistence at a given time, of several semantic repositories should not be considered as an obstacle to interoperability. Generic tools can be designed and developed to move seamlessly from one component to another with as little loss of information as possible. The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is one of the semantic integration tools. Its use in this work shows the generality of this method and its potential for solving this class of semantic interoperability problems.The richness of each of the terminology can, when combined into a single pivot semantic repository, enrich the set of terminologies individually for a better representation of knowledge.Semantic interoperability improves the availability and quality of reusable data for public health research. It also enriches existing data. It provides access to new sources of data, aggregated in a valid manner, allowing benchmarking or richer analysis
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Silveira, Theciana Silva. "Maranhão, terra das palmeiras: um estudo da sinonímia na terminologia do babaçu." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1377.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA)
La synonymie est beaucoup discutée dans le domaine de la Sémantique et de la Terminologie, puisque cette question défie le principe de l'univocité, objet de recherche des études classiques sémantique et terminologiques.Ce phénomène est discuté a partir de différentes approches: certains auteurs pensent que l'élimination de la variation dénominative se rend nécessaire, considérant qu‟elle pose un problème à la communication; tandis que d'autres chercheurs défendent l'indispensabilité de la synonymie pour la comprehénsion de la réalité de l'univers terminologique. En ce sens, ce travail est basé sur des discussions théoriques de l'étude de la synonymie dans le domaine de la sémantique, presentes dans les travaux de Barbosa (1999), Ullmann (1964) et Lyons (1977); de la terminologie, presentes dans les travaux d‟Auger (2001 ), Wüster (1998), Cabré (1999), Temmerman (2001) et Kocourek (1991); et les modèles principales d'analyse synonymiques utilisées pour des recherches terminologiques, a partir des modèles d‟Araújo (2006) et de Contente (2009). On recueille les termes liés à la noix de coco babaçu dans l'environnement social dans lequel ils sont produits et utilisés, afin de décrire et d'analyser les types de synonymie y présents, basé sur le discours des briseuses de noix de coco du Maranhão. Le corpus de cette recherche se compose de textes des discours de briseuses de noix de coco babaçu de sept municipalités du Maranhão. Ces textes, extraits de la base de données du Projet Atlas Linguistique du Maranhão (ALiMa), ont été recueillis par l'application du questionnaire lexico-sémantique (QLS), qui contient cinquante-quatre questions. Pour le choix des termes, les programmes informatiques Antconc ont été utilisés. Ils se constituent d'un ensemble d'outils d'analyse de corpus, en particulier des outils wordlist et concordance et CmapTools, qui permetent la création de microcartes. Basés sur la description et l'analyse des données, on a pu identifier les processus qui motivent le phénomène synonymique dans la terminologie étudiée, à savoir: les processus métaphoriques, métonymiques, hiperonymiques/hiponymiques et holonymiques/meronymiques et démontrer que les termes synonymes sont importants dans le discours spécialisé, opposant à l'idée que la synonymie est un obstacle à la communication et, pourtant, qui doit être éliminée.
A sinonímia tem sido muito discutida no domínio da Semântica e da Terminologia, já que essa questão desafia o princípio da univocidade, tão buscada pelos estudos clássicos da Semântica e da Terminologia. O fenômeno é discutido em diferentes abordagens: alguns autores julgam que é necessária a eliminação da variação denominativa, considerando-a como um problema para a comunicação, já que buscam a univocidade; enquanto outros estudiosos discordam dessa postura, entendendo a imprescindibilidade da sinonímia para compreensão da realidade do universo terminológico. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho se fundamenta nas discussões teóricas do estudo da sinonímia no domínio da semântica, com os trabalhos de Barbosa (1999), Ullmann (1964) e Lyons (1977), e na terminologia, com os trabalhos de Auger (2001), Wüster (1998), Cabré (1999), Temmerman (2001) e Kocourek (1991), e nos principais modelos de análise sinonímica utilizados nas pesquisas terminológicas, tomando como base os modelos de Araújo (2006) e de Contente (2009). Recolhem-se os termos relativos ao babaçu no meio social em que são produzidos e usados, objetivando descrever e analisar os tipos de sinonímia presentes na terminologia do babaçu, com base na fala das quebradeiras de coco do Maranhão. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído por textos da fala das quebradeiras de coco babaçu, de sete municípios maranhenses. Esses textos, extraídos do banco de dados do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Maranhão (ALiMA), foram recolhidos por meio da aplicação do questionário semântico-lexical (QSL), que contém cinquenta e quatro questões. Para a seleção dos termos, foram utilizados os programas computacionais Antconc, que consiste em um conjunto de ferramentas de análise de corpus, principalmente, as ferramentas wordlist e concordance, e CmapTools, que possibilita a criação de micromapas. Com base na descrição e análises dos dados, puderam-se identificar os processos que motivam o fenômeno sinonímico na terminologia estudada, a saber: os processos metafóricos, metonímicos, hiperonímicos/hiponímicos e holonímicos/meronímicos, bem como demonstrar que os termos sinônimos mostram-se importantes no discurso especializado, opondo-se à ideia de que a sinonímia é um empecilho para a comunicação, devendo ser eliminada.
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40

Fiorentino, Giancarlo. "Terminologia basata su corpora ed estrazione terminologica automatica: costruzione di una termbase inglese-italiano nel dominio COVID-19." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23297/.

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A seguito dello scoppio della pandemia globale di COVID-19, iniziative come TICO-19, partnership pubblico-privata volta a rendere disponibili memorie di traduzione e strumenti per lo sviluppo di sistemi di traduzione automatica, hanno cercato di stimolare la coordinazione internazionale per favorire la produzione di risorse traduttive dedicate al dominio della malattia in più lingue possibili. Nell'ottica di inserirsi in questo solco, il progetto si prefigge di costruire una termbase che copra il dominio COVID-19 nella combinazione linguistica inglese-italiano. La termbase è composta di unità terminologiche estratte sia manualmente che automaticamente. Il ricorso all'estrazione terminologica automatica è stato dettato dal secondo obiettivo della tesi: valutare le potenzialità di Almaligner, software di estrazione terminologica automatica attualmente in fase di sviluppo. Il programma è in grado di diminuire drasticamente i tempi dell'identificazione dei candidati termini, il che può rappresentare un'abilità chiave in situazioni emergenziali in cui il tempo è prezioso. Come prima cosa, Almaligner è stato utilizzato per estrarre una lista di candidati termini bilingue da sottoporre a un processo di validazione manuale. Mediante la validazione è stato possibile identificare i problemi ricorrenti e formulare una serie di proposte che permettessero di risolverli sfruttando funzioni preesistenti o che verranno implementate con aggiornamenti futuri. Inoltre, per confrontare Almaligner con TermoStat Web, software di estrazione terminologica automatica ibrido, e con l'algoritmo del C-value in PyATE, programma che implementa più tecniche di individuazione dei termini, sono stati condotti due esperimenti. Il primo prevedeva il riconoscimento di termini semplici e composti, il secondo solo di termini composti. In entrambi i test Almaligner ha ottenuto punteggi bassi, ma la salienza dei risultati potrebbe essere limitata date le ristrette dimensioni dei gold standard.
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41

Sibachir, Zina. "La traduction en arabe de la terminologie des Sciences du langage : structuration morphosémantique des unités terminologiques : approche traductive Français-Arabe." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_sibachir.pdf.

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La traductionn de la terminilogie métalinguistique du français vers l'arabe souffre de problèmes sérieux dont les conséquences peuvent menacer le processus de la communication scientifique en langue arabe sous toutes ses formes. Ce travail rendra compte du diagnostic de cette situation qui semble être critique car il reflète un état dans lequel règne un désaccord important entre les traducteurs-linguistes : un terme métalinguistique du français a plus d'un équivalent en langue arabe. C'est une situation qui concerne la majorité des termes d'où l'importance de cette étude. Nous posons la question du degré d'adéquation des équivalents proposés. Chaque équivalent d'un etrme est une possibilité de traduction dont le sens rendu est interprété par les lecteurs en fonction de la structure morphosémantique de cet équivelent. Cette variation terminologique crée une situation délicate et soulève un problème important ayant trait à l'interprétabilité des équivalents obtenus par traduction.
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42

Deléger, Louise. "Exploitation de corpus parallèles et comparables pour la détection de correspondances lexicales : application au domaine médical." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066400.

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Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à mettre des propriétés des corpus textuels (parallélisme et comparabilité) à profit pour l'Informatique Médicale, en détectant des correspondances lexicales de deux types: des traductions de termes médicaux afin d'enrichir des terminologies; des paraphrases d'expressions spécialisées et grand public dans le but d'aider à rédiger des documents grand public. Une première expérience se base sur des approches éprouvées et un corpus parallèle, et met en place des méthodes d'alignement de corpus. Ceci nous a permis d'obtenir de nouvelles traductions françaises de termes anglais, dont certaines sont maintenant intégrées au thésaurus MeSH. Une seconde expérience examine les possibilités d'exploitation de corpus comparables monolingues. Deux méthodes ont été conçues: une première recherche des paraphrases de nominalisations; la deuxième des paraphrases de composés savants. Diverses paraphrases semblant cohérentes avec l'opposition spécialisé/grand public étudiée ont été obtenues.
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43

Brandt, Sebastian-Philipp. "Standard and Non-standard reasoning in Description Logics." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1151394867948-82136.

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The present work deals with Description Logics (DLs), a class of knowledge representation formalisms used to represent and reason about classes of individuals and relations between such classes in a formally well-defined way. We provide novel results in three main directions. (1) Tractable reasoning revisited: in the 1990s, DL research has largely answered the question for practically relevant yet tractable DL formalisms in the negative. Due to novel application domains, especially the Life Sciences, and a surprising tractability result by Baader, we have re-visited this question, this time looking in a new direction: general terminologies (TBoxes) and extensions thereof defined over the DL EL and extensions thereof. As main positive result, we devise EL++(D)-CBoxes as a tractable DL formalism with optimal expressivity in the sense that every additional standard DL constructor, every extension of the TBox formalism, or every more powerful concrete domain, makes reasoning intractable. (2) Non-standard inferences for knowledge maintenance: non-standard inferences, such as matching, can support domain experts in maintaining DL knowledge bases in a structured and well-defined way. In order to extend their availability and promote their use, the present work extends the state of the art of non-standard inferences both w.r.t. theory and implementation. Our main results are implementations and performance evaluations of known matching algorithms for the DLs ALE and ALN, optimal non-deterministic polynomial time algorithms for matching under acyclic side conditions in ALN and sublanguages, and optimal algorithms for matching w.r.t. cyclic (and hybrid) EL-TBoxes. (3) Non-standard inferences over general concept inclusion (GCI) axioms: the utility of GCIs in modern DL knowledge bases and the relevance of non-standard inferences to knowledge maintenance naturally motivate the question for tractable DL formalism in which both can be provided. As main result, we propose hybrid EL-TBoxes as a solution to this hitherto open question.
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Miyoshi, Newton Shydeo Brandão. "Arquitetura e métodos de integração de dados e interoperabilidade aplicados na saúde mental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-20072018-100724/.

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A disponibilidade e integração das informações em saúde relativas a um mesmo paciente entre diferentes níveis de atenção ou entre diferentes instituições de saúde é normalmente incompleta ou inexistente. Isso acontece principalmente porque os sistemas de informação que oferecem apoio aos profissionais da saúde não são interoperáveis, dificultando também a gestão dos serviços a nível municipal e regional. Essa fragmentação da informação também é desafiadora e preocupante na área da saúde mental, em que normalmente se exige um cuidado prolongado e que integra diferentes tipos de serviços de saúde. Problemas como a baixa qualidade e indisponibilidade de informações, assim como a duplicidade de registros, são importantes aspectos na gestão e no cuidado prolongado ao paciente portador de transtornos mentais. Apesar disso, ainda não existem estudos objetivos demonstrando o impacto efetivo da interoperabilidade e integração de dados na gestão e na qualidade de dados para a área de saúde mental. Objetivos: Neste contexto, o projeto tem como objetivo geral propor uma arquitetura de interoperabilidade para a assistência em saúde regionalizada e avaliar a efetividade de técnicas de integração de dados e interoperabilidade para a gestão dos atendimentos e internações em saúde mental na região de Ribeirão Preto, assim como o impacto na melhoria e disponibilidade dos dados por meio de métricas bem definidas. Métodos: O framework de interoperabilidade proposto tem como base a arquitetura cliente-servidor em camadas. O modelo de informação de interoperabilidade foi baseado em padrões de saúde internacionais e nacionais. Foi proposto um servidor de terminologias baseado em padrões de informação em saúde. Foram também utilizados algoritmos de Record Linkage para garantir a identificação unívoca do paciente. Para teste e validação da proposta foram utilizados dados de diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde provenientes de atendimentos na rede de atenção psicossocial na região de Ribeirão Preto. Os dados foram extraídos de cinco fontes diferentes: (i) a Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família - I, de Santa Cruz da Esperança; (ii) o Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde, de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro; (iii) o Hospital Santa Tereza; (iv) as informações de solicitações de internação contidas no SISAM (Sistema de Informação em Saúde Mental); e (v) dados demográficos do Barramento do Cartão Nacional de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde. As métricas de qualidade de dados utilizadas foram completude, consistência, duplicidade e acurácia. Resultados: Como resultado deste trabalho, foi projetado, desenvolvido e testado a plataforma de interoperabilidade em saúde, denominado eHealth-Interop. Foi adotada uma proposta de interoperabilidade por meio de serviços web com um modelo de integração de dados baseado em um banco de dados centralizador. Foi desenvolvido também um servidor de terminologias, denominado eHealth-Interop Terminology Server, que pode ser utilizado como um componente independente e em outros contextos médicos. No total foram obtidos dados de 31340 registros de pacientes pelo SISAM, e-SUS AB de Santa Cruz da Esperança, do CAIS de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, do Hospital Santa Tereza e do Barramento do CNS do Ministério da Saúde. Desse total, 30,47% (9548) registros foram identificados como presente em mais de 1 fonte de informação, possuindo diferentes níveis de acurácia e completude. A análise de qualidade de dados, abrangendo todas os registros integrados, obteve uma melhoria na completude média de 18,40% (de 56,47% para 74,87%) e na acurácia sintática média de 1,08% (de 96,69% para 96,77%). Na análise de consistência houve melhoras em todas as fontes de informação, variando de uma melhoria mínima de 14.4% até o máximo de 51,5%. Com o módulo de Record Linkage foi possível quantificar, 1066 duplicidades e, dessas, 226 foram verificadas manualmente. Conclusões: A disponibilidade e a qualidade da informação são aspectos importantes para a continuidade do atendimento e gerenciamento de serviços de saúde. A solução proposta neste trabalho visa estabelecer um modelo computacional para preencher essa lacuna. O ambiente de interoperabilidade foi capaz de integrar a informação no caso de uso de saúde mental com o suporte de terminologias clínicas internacionais e nacionais sendo flexível para ser estendido a outros domínios de atenção à saúde.
The availability and integration of health information from the same patient between different care levels or between different health services is usually incomplete or non-existent. This happens especially because the information systems that support health professionals are not interoperable, making it difficult to manage services at the municipal and regional level. This fragmentation of information is also challenging and worrying in the area of mental health, where long-term care is often required and integrates different types of health services and professionals. Problems such as poor quality and unavailability of information, as well as duplicate records, are important aspects in the management and long-term care of patients with mental disorders. Despite this, there are still no objective studies that demonstrate the effective impact of interoperability and data integration on the management and quality of data for the mental health area. Objectives: In this context, this project proposes an interoperability architecture for regionalized health care management. It also proposes to evaluate the effectiveness of data integration and interoperability techniques for the management of mental health hospitalizations in the Ribeirão Preto region as well as the improvement in data availability through well-defined metrics. Methods: The proposed framework is based on client-service architecture to be deployed in the web. The interoperability information model was based on international and national health standards. It was proposed a terminology server based on health information standards. Record Linkage algorithms were implemented to guarantee the patient identification. In order to test and validate the proposal, we used data from different health care levels provided by the mental health care network in the Ribeirão Preto region. The data were extracted from five different sources: the Family Health Unit I of Santa Cruz da Esperança, the Center for Integrated Health Care of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, Santa Tereza Hospital, the information on hospitalization requests system in SISAM (Mental Health Information System) and demographic data of the Brazilian Ministry of Health Bus. Results: As a result of this work, the health interoperability platform, called eHealth-Interop, was designed, developed and tested. A proposal was adopted for interoperability through web services with a data integration model based on a centralizing database. A terminology server, called eHealth-Interop Terminology Server, has been developed that can be used as an independent component and in other medical contexts. In total, 31340 patient records were obtained from SISAM, eSUS-AB from Santa Cruz da Esperança, from CAIS from Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, from Santa Tereza Hospital and from the CNS Service Bus from the Brazillian Ministry of Health. 47% (9548) records were identified as present in more than 1 information source, having different levels ofaccuracy and completeness. The data quality analysis, covering all integrated records, obtained an improvement in the average completeness of 18.40% (from 56.47% to 74.87%) and the mean syntactic accuracy of 1.08% (from 96,69% to 96.77%). In the consistency analysis there were improvements in all information sources, ranging from a minimum improvement of 14.4% to a maximum of 51.5%. With the Record Linkage module it was possible to quantify 1066 duplications, of which 226 were manually verified. Conclusions: The information\'s availability and quality are both important aspects for the continuity of care and health services management. The solution proposed in this work aims to establish a computational model to fill this gap. It has been successfully applied in the mental health care context and is flexible to be extendable to other medical domains.
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45

Stissi, Arianna. "Creazione di un database terminologico inglese-russo per la piattaforma Wipo Pearl: l’ambito della ceramica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17196/.

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The main objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the methodological process adopted for the creation a terminological database, an activity which was carried out in collaboration between the University of Bologna and WIPO. The work consisted in creating 71 terminological entries in English and Russian regarding the field of ceramics. The dissertation consists of three main parts. The first provides an overview of the main theoretical aspects of terminology, information mining, and corpus linguistics, focusing on their definitions, characteristics and application methods. The second part is the practical one, consisting in a preliminary overview of the context and nature of the collaboration and an analysis of the workflow. The third part focuses on the presentation of the final work and the problems faced during the terminological activity. The terminological entries and the conceptual maps are to be found in the appendix.
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46

Postaci, Senan. "An Advanced Personal Health Record Platform For Patient Empowerment." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614583/index.pdf.

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In recent years, many Personal Health Record (PHR) systems have been developed to retrieve patients&rsquo
Electonic Health Records (EHRs) from external sources. However, current PHRs can provide access to only a small number of EHR systems, since there are many dierent interfaces, data formats and medical terminologies among dierent systems. When this is the case, all these diversity yields high integration costs. Development of such systems is dicult and expensive because of the reasons such as accessing to evidence based medical information, utilization of social networks to share information, incorporation of available medical knowledge models, etc. Due to the technical diversity of external information systems, a developer of a PHR system faces a dicult integration process when he wants to integrate a new source or service. Integration of medical devices is also important and necessary in a PHR system. However, most of the medical device vendors use proprietary formats and protocols for communicating their devices with external systems
again, causing high integration eorts and costs. In this thesis, these problems and challenges are addressed by providing an on-line personal iv healthcare management platform, i.e. eSaglikKaydim which is built on top of a highly modular architecture and provides services based on worldwide standards. In this way, eSaglikKaydim platform can be integrated with any external health information service and medical device so that it maximizes the data variety retrieved from all kinds of external health data sources. The work presented in this thesis is part of the OSAmI project supported by European ITEA and funded by the TU¨
BI
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47

Lindh, Cecilia. "Klimattermer på Naturvårdsverkets webbplats : Klimat och miljö i allmänhet och klimatpåverkan och klimatbelastning i synnerhet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105185.

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Uppsatsen analyserar klimatterminologin på Naturvårdsverkets webbplats under vårvintern 2009. Fokus ligger på termerna miljö, klimat, klimatbelastning och klimatpåverkan. Syftet är att se om terminologin är enhetlig för om den är enhetlig, så når man lättare ut med sitt budskap.   Genom att sålla ut klimattermerna från Naturvårdsverkets webbplats har begreppen fastställts och terminologin analyserats med hjälp av fackexperter och terminologisk metod.   Nybildning av klimattermer innebär ofta sammansättningar med ordet klimat. Vissa termer används konsekvent medan andra förklaras på olika sätt i en och samma text. Klimat är en term som är tydligt och klart definierad och används konsekvent i texten. Det kan bero på att definitionen är matematiskt formulerad. Miljö är en term som har en definition som är lite mjukare till sin utformning och därför inte lika lätt att greppa och ta fasta på.   Avgränsning av termer är ett kritiskt moment som inte har studerats så noga. För att kunna göra en avgränsning bör man utgå från ett eller några centrala begrepp. Utifrån de begreppen avgör man vilka som är relevanta och relaterade. Experter inom samma område kan ha helt olika uppfattning om vilka termer inom deras område som är just termer.
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Duarte, Sara Isabel Leal. "Análise, estudo comparativo e tradução de fraseologias de contratos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13936.

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Mestrado em Tradução Especializada
A tradução jurídica tem ganho um espaço cada vez mais significativo no universo da tradução. Assim, é cada vez mais urgente que sejam criados recursos e ferramentas apropriados que auxiliem o processo de tradução de terminologia jurídica e que melhorem as metodologias atuais de tradução. O presente projeto tem o intuito de refletir sobre algumas questões da tradução jurídica, e mais especificamente de contratos, com o objetivo de construir uma base de fraseologias típicas de contratos para que seja disponibilizada e possa assistir a tradução deste tipo de documentos.
Legal translation has enhanced its relevance within the translation field and, therefore, it becomes increasingly imperative to create resources and tools that are appropriate and that can help the translation process of legal terminology, in this way also improving current translation methodologies. This project aims to address some of the issues regarding legal translation, namely the translation of contracts, in order to create a phraseology database for contracts that can be provided to translators to assist them in the translation of this type of document.
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An, Vo Tuan Anh. "Terminologie informatique : approche socioterminologique." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL010.

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La présente étude vise à décrire la terminologie informatique. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à la construction des connaissances spécialisées en langue anglo-américaine de l’informatique et à l’élaboration des termes informatiques de la langue vietnamienne. Pour étudier le langage des informaticiens, nous avons inscrits notre problématique dans le cadre de l’histoire de l’informatique alliant à la fois les avantages de la dimension historique et les apports de l’approche socioterminologique, les progrès de la linguistique de corpus et la dimension lexico-morphologique de la langue vietnamienne. La dimension historique permet de comprendre les circonstances qui expliquent et déterminent l’évolution des techniques du traitement de l’information. Elle permet de restituer le contexte historique de l’apparition de l’informatique dans la société occidentale ainsi que les conditions sociales et matérielles de l’émergence de la discipline à part entière d’aujourd’hui, tout en révélant les fondements techno-scientifiques de la discipline. La socioterminologie permet de décrire conceptuellement la construction des connaissances des termes informatiques mis en discours dans l’ensemble des processus de production, de réception et de circulation sociale envisagée dans leur dimension historique, socio-économique, technologique, conjoncturelle et pragmatique. La socioterminologie s’intéresse à l’interprétation de la connaissance spécialisée grâce aux relations sémantiques entre les termes informatiques, à travers les contextes extraits de la revue scientifique internationale Advances in Computers choisie pour le corpus. L’approche sociolinguistique de la terminologie permet d’analyser les mécanismes d’intégration des emprunts à l’anglo-américain. La linguistique de corpus permet d’élaborer une ressource socioterminographique des termes informatiques en recourant à l’ensemble des critères extra-linguistiques. La dimension lexico-morphologique de la langue vietnamienne s’intéresse à l’analyse des procédés de formation des termes vietnamiens de l’informatique en usage dans les interfaces d’utilisateur graphiques de la suite bureautique Microsoft Office
The present study aims to describe the terminologies of the computer science. We are concerned to the construction of specialized knowledge in English of computer science as well as the elaboration of computing terminologies in Vietnamese. Tending to research language for computing experts, we have framed our questions in the computing history combining at the same time the advantages of the historic dimension, the contribution of the socioterminology the advances of the corpus linguistics, the lexically and morphological dimension of the Vietnamese language. The historical dimension allows us to understand the circumstances that determine and explain the evolution of the computer science in the western world as well as the physical and social conditions of the emergence of a full discipline as we see today, while revealing all the technical and scientific basic of the discipline. The sociolinguistic approach of the terminology can describe conceptually the specialized knowledge construction at the computing terms used in discourse in all processes of production, reception and social movement, considered in their historic, social, economic, technological, pragmatic and contextual dimensions. The socioterminographic dimension deals with interpreting the specialized knowledge thanks to semantic relationships between terms through the international scientific journal Advances in Computers selected as a corpus. The sociolinguistic approach of the technical and scientific terminology allows to analyse the terminological borrowing to the American English. The corpus linguistics helps to elaborate a socioterminographic resource of the computing terms by resorting to extra-linguistic criteria. The lexical and morphological dimension of the Vietnamese linguistics deals with the analysing of the creation of the Vietnamese computing terms used in the graphical user interfaces of the Microsoft Office
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50

Rabello, Cleiton Eduardo. "Terminologia científica e terminologia técnico/tecnológica: um estudo contrastivo." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5379.

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Abstract:
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T13:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Eduardo Rabello_.pdf: 1244857 bytes, checksum: c7ff119863885a243423abd401bacbe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Pró-Sinos - Consórcio Público de Saneamento Básico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
Esta tese tem por objetivo a investigação dos processos de formação de termos, examinando-se como a dimensão cognitiva das diferentes áreas ou subáreas do conhecimento se mostra nas escolhas lexicais para a formação morfológica das unidades especializadas. Além disso, partimos do pressuposto de que os termos das grandes áreas especializadas, área científica e técnico/tecnológica, apresentam características distintas, mesmo que compartilhem algumas, o que justifica que sejam examinados de modos diferentes. A pesquisa se apoia nos fundamentos trazidos por Sager (1993), Temmerman (2000) e Cabré e Estopà (2007) em relação aos diferentes processos de formação terminológicas, que possibilitam a criação de termos. Partimos do pressuposto de que a dimensão cognitiva das áreas ou subáreas de especialidade exerce significativa influência na formação morfológica dos termos e que, devido a essa influência, os termos passam a refletir o conhecimento dos setores dos quais se originam. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por 240 termos selecionados a partir de glossários e dicionários especializados e de manuais técnicos de quatro diferentes subáreas especializadas: Dermatologia, Geologia, Indústria moveleira e setor de Manutenção, Reparo e Revisão de aeronaves (MRO). A análise partiu da organização dos termos de acordo com seus respectivos processos de formação morfológica. Depois disso, a partir de mapas conceituais desenvolvidos para cada setor de especialidade, analisou-se o papel da dimensão cognitiva nos processos de formação. Mediante a análise, foi possível identificar que os conhecimentos específicos de cada área são acionados na formação dos termos e que, através das escolhas morfológicas realizadas, se mostram nas unidades de especialidade. Além disso, foi possível identificar diferenças na configuração dos termos das diferentes áreas, o que justifica que sejam divididos em distintas categorias, científica e técnico/tecnológica, e que, a partir disso, sejam examinados de modo particular.
This thesis aims to investigate the formation processes of the terms, examining how the cognitive dimension of the different areas or subareas of knowledge are shown in lexical choices for the morphological formation of specialized units. Moreover, we assume that the terms of large specialized areas, scientific and technical/technological, have different characteristics, even though they share some, which justifies be examined by different ways. The research is based on the foundations brought by Sager (1993), Temmerman (2000) and Cabré and Estopà (2007), in relation to the different terminological processes that enable the creation of terms. We assumed that the cognitive dimension of the areas or subareas of specialty has significant influence on the morphological formation of terms and that due to this influence, the terms tend to reflect the knowledge of the sectors from which they originate. The corpus of the research consists of 240 terms that were selected from glossaries and specialized dictionaries and technical manuals of four different specialized sub-areas: Dermatology, Geology, Furniture industry and MRO sector. The analysis was started with the organization of the terms according to their morphological formation processes. After that, from conceptual maps developed for each specialty sector, we analyzed the role of cognitive dimension in the training process. With the analysis, it was possible to identify that the specific knowledge of each area is used during the formation of terms and, through morphological choices made, are shown in the specialty units. Moreover, it was possible to identify differences in the arrangement of the terms of different areas, which justifies that be divided into different categories, scientific and technical/technological, and, from that, may be examined in particular.
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