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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Termism'
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Patrick, Carol A. "Short-termism : an investigation of some UK evidence." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26689.
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The aim of this thesis is to undertake an empirical investigation into the assertion that UK investors display short-term behaviour. The thesis starts by reviewing the existing literature which comprises a diverse set of explanations of the concept of short-termism. This survey results in, firstly, a more concise definition of short-termism and, secondly, a framework into which the various theories may be placed. The various approaches to short-termism are categorised into two effects: the numerator effect and the denominator effect. The former refers to the underestimation of future cash flows while the latter refers to those cases in which an excessively high discount rate is used. Both these effects result in the present value of a proposed project being reduced. therefore causing the project to be rejected when it might otherwise have been accepted. Although the literature covers many different approaches to short-termism this thesis concentrates only on one aspect of short-termism. namely the denominator effect. Such an approach is advantageous in that it allows the consideration, and possible elimination, of a particular type of short-termism. thus giving direction to future research. By decomposing the discount rate into the following components: a time value of money, a liquidity premium, an equity risk premium and an exchange rate risk premium it becomes possible to distinguish between "true" short-term ism and "general" short-termism. "True" short-termism refers to the existence ofa high time value of money whilst "general" short-termism refers to the use of a high discount rate for whatever reason. whether it be a high time value of money, liquidity premium or equity risk premium. A preliminary investigation into the existence of both types of short-termism is carried out by the comparison of international real rates of return and risk premia as a means of testing for differences in the behaviour of investors across countries. The results of this investigation lend little support to the assertion that UK investors are short-termist, but suggest that if short-termism is present it is in the form of "true" short-termism. Following these results, further empirical analysis is carried out into the issue of "true" short-termism. A key feature of this analysis is the relaxation of the assumption of the rational expectations in both the interest rate and foreign exchange market. The effect of this is two-fold: firstly, ex post and ex ante rates need no longer only differ by a random error, and secondly, a non-zero exchange rate risk premium may exist. Therefore the thesis also derives an ex ante interest rate series and an exchange rate volatility series using the methodology of Mishkin(1984a,b) and a Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity framework respectively. Throughout the thesis a parallel hypothesis is considered of whether a distinction could be drawn between investor behaviour in countries with capital market-based financial systems and those with bank-based financial systems. The thesis finds little support, given the assumptions made and dataset used, for the assertion that UK investors are more short-termist than elsewhere and no evidence to support a distinction between investor behaviour across countries.
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GARRÌ, ICONIO. "ELECTORAL ACCOUNTABILITY, POLITICAL SHORT - TERMISM, AND POLICY (UN) PERSISTENCE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/503.
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Nei paesi democratici, le elezioni rappresentano il principale meccanismo per garantire che, una volta eletto, un politico agisca effettivamente nell'interesse della collettività. Nel primo capitolo, presento una rassegna della letteratura sull'electoral accountability. Nel secondo capitolo, mostro come la presenza delle elezioni possa essere la causa della riluttanza dei politici ad investire in beni pubblici di lungo periodo (political short-termism), e come tale comportamento possa essere ottimale per la collettività. Nel terzo capitolo, mostro come l'interesse per la rielezione possa indurre un politico a continuare una politica che aveva intrapreso in passato anche quando sarebbe ottimale per la collettività cambiare politica , e a non continuare una politica introdotta in passato da un politico rivale anche quando sarebbe ottimale per la collettività non cambiare politica. Questi risultati possono aiutare a spiegare perchè i politici in carica hanno un "vantaggio elettorale" rispetto ai nuovi politici.In the democratic countries, elections are the primary mechanism for ensuring that, once in office, a politician actually acts in the collectivity's interest. In the first chapter, I present a survey of the literature on electoral accountability. In the second chapter, I show that the presence of the elections may be the cause of the politicians' reluctance to invest in long-term public goods (political short-termism), and such behavior may be optimal for the collectivity. In the third chapter, I show that reelection concern may induce a politician to continue a policy he introduced in the past even when a policy change would be optimal for the collectivity, and not to continue a policy introduced in the past by a rival politician even when a policy change would not be optimal for the collectivity. These results may help to explain why the incumbent politicians have an "electoral advantage" over new politicians.
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Kassa, Haimanot. "Three Essays in Finance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367937084.
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Riveros, Angela. "A test of short-termism in the New York stock exchange." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29513.
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Raiend, August, and Erik Svedberg. "Decision making and company performance - During a turbulent time period." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389357.
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This thesis examines short- and long-term decision making, CEO-remuneration and its effects on company performance measured as return on assets during a time-period containing market up- and downturns with regards to company resilience. We examined this in a Swedish context by looking at listed companies on the Stockholm stock exchange during the period 2004 to 2014. The research was conducted using a multiple regression analysis to capture relationships between the dependent variable, the independent- and control variables over the observed time-period. We measure short-term action as decreases in R&D-spending, CapEx and number of employees, that can create short-term profits, whilst long-term actions is the opposite which are expected to generate a high level of company performance in the long run. In our observed population we find that companies who balance short- and long-term actions have a higher company performance, thus deviating from previous research. We also find that an increase in CEO-remuneration will not yield higher company performance when regarding firm size. The results of the study indicate that the companies in our sample have a goal alignment between the CEO and owners, although it shows tendencies of risk adversity in decision making. We find there is a more complex relationship between decision making, the CEO, and company performance than first expected.
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Hargreaves, John Richard. "Social housing : the causes and consequences of short-termism for outsourced maintenance." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/7576/.
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The study sought to identify the possible impact of short-term duration contracts on stakeholders engaged in a sector of the FM market place. Its focus is on the trading relationships between private sector “Suppliers” and public sector “Buyers” providing Repairs and Maintenance (R&M) services to the Social housing market sector. Outsourcing is a feature of this market, with notices being published on OJEU. In 2010 the value of these contracted services was in excess of £10.0bn. The context of the study relates to my appointment as an Interim Operations Director for a FM service provider. Analysis of its contracts by duration identified a disparity in performance for all stakeholders. Contracts of less than 48 months were challenging in terms of service capacity, returned poorer gross and net margins, and had lower customer satisfaction and staff satisfaction survey results, particularly when TUPE was involved. The longer term contracts had differing problems but were on target for operational and financial budgets, which was also reflected within higher customer satisfaction scores. Given this dichotomy why were the R&M contracts for such short durations? Was this a feature of this market or outsourced FM contracts in general? The study focuses on the causes for short duration trading and the consequences for the stakeholders that potentially arise out of short-term contracts. A pragmatic approach to the research methodology was adopted that used both quantitative and qualitative methods within a triangulated process. Semi-structured interviews, Ethnography and document analysis were utilised to gather data. The findings from the research demonstrated that EU procurement regulations coupled with traditional working practices within the value network and supported by the standard forms of contract introduced excessive transaction costs, impeded innovation, investment and, inhibited service quality and the creation of value for all stakeholders.
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Pugh, Emma. "The nature and extent of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/107192/.
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This thesis researches the nature and extent of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism. It is empirically based, with the relationship being investigated by way of a critical realist informed case study of a multinational retail organisation. To unpack the relationship and drill down further into the issues involved, the research addresses four questions: How do managers understand the short, medium, and long term? How do inter-temporal decisions manifest? What is the nature of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism? What is the extent of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism? Utilising a combination of semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and company documents, the thesis argues that the concepts of short, medium, and long term are empirically messy due to heterogenous meanings. By linking managers’ views about their time horizons to their involvement in different inter-temporal decisions, the thesis proposes that any future definition of short-termism should not just emphasise the inter-temporal trade-off involved in actions, but also the intention that underpins those actions. The thesis reshapes the financial/non-financial dichotomy to illustrate that quantitative (financial and non-financial) measures can lead to short-termism. Nevertheless, between-person differences in inter-temporal responses to how performance measurement information is used to evaluate and reward managers complicates this relationship. Thus, over the course of this thesis, a contingency-based framework is developed; the framework provides individual-level explanations about when, how, and why short-termism occurs. The thesis contributes to the behavioural accounting literature, particularly the empirical literature, which examines the behavioural effects of financial measures by advancing the conceptualisation of short-termism, and provides a nuanced understanding of how short-termism manifests. It also contributes to this literature by synthesising the conceptual landscape in order to build an integrated framework of the nature and extent of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism.
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Källum, Martin, and Hampus Sturesson. "“I never think of the future, it comes soon enough” : En studie om bolagsstyrningens tidshorisonter inom den svenska IT-branschen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74830.
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Bakgrund: Short-termism beskrivs i såväl den vardagliga debatten som i akademiska undersökningar som ett hinder för bolags långsiktiga värdeskapande. Trots detta så är inte relationen mellan short-termism och långsiktigt värdeskapande undersökt tillräckligt. Utöver detta så har tidigare studier funnit att tidshorisonten inom bolagsstyrning påverkar ett bolags finansiella prestationer, men inte kunnat fastställa hur relationen mellan short-termism, långsiktigt värdeskapande och finansiella prestationer ser ut. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelse för relationen mellan short-termism, långsiktigt värdeskapande och finansiella prestationer, samt förklara vilka faktorer som påverkar variation av short-termism inom den svenska IT-branschen. Metod: Genom en kvantitativ metod i kombination med en deduktiv ansats så har studien undersökt hur relationen mellan olika fenomen inom bolagsstyrningen ser ut. Detta är gjort med ett urval bestående av IT-bolag som är noterade på Stockholmsbörsen. Slutsats: I en svensk kontext är agentteorin applicerbar, där ägande tycks vara starkast drivande faktorn när det kommer till tidshorisonten inom bolagsstyrning. Studien finner inte några empiriska bevis för att en relation mellan short-termism och långsiktigt värdeskapande finns, vilket påvisar att dessa två fenomen inom bolagsstyrning inte nödvändigtvis har en negativ relation mellan sig. Resultat från studien har dock visat att short-termism har en positiv relation till kortsiktiga finansiella prestationer, medan långsiktigt värdeskapande har en negativ relation till kortsiktiga finansiella prestationer. Det ser studien som ett empiriskt bevis för nyttan av att kunna balansera short-termism och långsiktigt värdeskapande för att uppnå en effektiv bolagsstyrning.Background: Short-termism is described in both commonplace debate and academic research as an obstacle to company's long-term value creation. Nevertheless, the relationship between short-termism and long-term value creation is not investigated enough. In addition to this, previous studies have found that the time perspective within corporate governance affects a company's financial performance, but has not been able to determine how the relationship between short-termism, long-term value creation and financial performance appears. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of the relationship between short-termism, long-term value creation and financial performance, as well as explain the factors that influence the variation of short-termism within the Swedish IT industry. Method: Through a quantitative method in combination with a deductive approach, the study has investigated the relationship between different phenomena within corporate governance. The sample consists of companies from the IT industry listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Conclusion: In a Swedish context, the agency theory is applicable, where ownership seems to be the strongest driving factor when it comes to the time perspective within corporate governance. The study does not find any empirical evidence that a relationship between short- termism and long-term value creation exists, which shows that these two phenomena of corporate governance do not necessarily have a negative relationship to each other. However, the results of the study have shown that short-termism has a positive relation to short-term financial performance, while long-term value creation has a negative relation to short-term financial performance. These empirical evidences indicate the benefit of being able to balance short-term and long-term value creation in order to achieve effective corporate governance.
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Lundin, Kalle. "”Man kan ju knappast binda upp sig mer” : En studie om sociala institutioners betydelse för hur unga svenska kvinnor förhåller sig till en eventuell föräldradebut." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101122.
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This study aims to contribute to the broad field of research regarding changes in fertility and postponement of parenthood. To accomplish this, I combine Richard Sennett’s exposition of “the new culture of capitalism” (2006 s. 126) and one of Daoud and Larsson’s (2014 s. 52) interpretations of the sociological term embeddedness. More particularly, the present study intends to investigate whether the social institutions that, in line with Sennett (2006 s. 25, 35), promote short-termism and flexibility, have come to be internalized (i.e., embedded) in the way women relate to the long-term investment of making a parental debut. The data consist of statements derived from eight semi-structured interviews with women aged between 20 and 28. The interviews executed to answer the following questions: • How can we understand the way young Swedish women, without children, relate to committing parental debut? • Which factors do young Swedish women, without children, emphasize regarding a possible parental debut? Although the results were not unambiguous, there are indications that women choose, or have chosen, to postpone their parental debut due to ambivalence regarding making long-term commitments. Another result was that a possible parental debut not always is considered as a priority to other aspects. This included education and career, as well as the ability to be “free” and make self-sufficient decisions. To a certain extent, this rationale and reasoning were prevalent regardless of age and occupation, which was positive concerning the generalizability of the results. On the other hand, it was also clear that other aspects were considered important, which stresses the importance of taking the theoretical context into account. A suggestion is that further research should enlarge the number of survey units to increase the possibility to generalize the results. Furthermore, my opinion is that prospective research should take this kind of institutional approach into account in the attempts of understanding other trends and phenomena in society.
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Jaeglé, Thomas. "L'actionnaire de court-terme dans les offres publiques." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936020.
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Cette thèse vise à analyser les aspects juridiques du rôle joué par les acteurs ayant une stratégie actionariale de court-terme (hedge funds,...) dans le cadre des offres publiques d'acquisition. Outre l'identification de ces acteurs et la description des méthodes employées, il s'agit aussi de s'interroger sur les moyens à disposition de la société cible pour se défendre et de se demander si des évolutions législatives ne seraient pas nécessaires.
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Alexander, Justin. "Short-Termism and Corporate Myopia: The Values Assigned by the Market to Short-Term and Long-Term Firms." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1499.
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Short-termism and myopia on the part of corporate managers, analysts, and investors have created a business environment driven by the excessive focus on short-term results and the need to meet earnings targets at the expense of long-term value creation. These are accompanied by numerous consequences, including the potential for short-term-oriented firms, particularly in the U.S., to lag behind global long-term-oriented firms, as well as the potential for short-term mindsets in the corporate world to catalyze financial crises. In this paper, I demonstrate that the market generally assigns higher values to long-term firms rather than short-term ones. This is evidenced by the fact that firms characterized to be long-term according to various financial metrics have higher valuation multiples than their short-term counterparts. The results suggest that the market has a degree of sophistication that rewards investments for the future rather than earnings management and present gratification, and that the corporate world should therefore increasingly develop a long-term mentality.
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Willey, Kim. "Beyond short-termism : effective regulatory and financial industry reform for sustainable long-term investment in publicly listed companies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289708.
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This thesis examines responses to the problem of stock market short-termism ('SMST'). SMST is defined as investors preferring short-term financial returns over potentially more profitable longer-term investment opportunities. Such short-termism may result in serious real-world consequences. Company executives appear to respond to short-term pressures in ways that jeopardize the long-term sustainability of listed companies negatively impacting investors and other stakeholders including employees, customers and the community at large. This thesis provides an original contribution to the academic literature via an in-depth examination of all significant regulatory and financial industry efforts meant to reform SMST in major capital markets after the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. I hypothesize that the extensive discussion of the SMST issue has generated substantial reforms. Based on an analysis of the implemented reforms, I reveal that the anticipated surge of SMST reform has not occurred. I then explore why the widespread SMST discussion has not resulted in greater reform efforts. This examination reveals the complex nature of the SMST problem and the evidentiary issues inherent in viably identifying and measuring the harms of SMST. However, I determine that there is probable cause for concern justifying SMST reform measures. Further, I conclude that SMST issues arise because investors are biased towards short-term returns when calculating risk. This bias is evident in share pricing, meaning that share prices are not a reliable indicator of fundamental corporate value. Based on this conclusion, an original dual pathway for SMST reform is proposed. This dual pathway indicates that SMST reform measures must either: (1) reduce the actual or perceived excessive discounting of future returns by investors (i.e. make share prices better reflective of long-term value); or (2) cut-off the transmission mechanisms of SMST into the listed company (i.e. sever the link between share prices and corporate decision-making). Assessing the reforms against this dual pathway reveals that few of the reforms are conceptually effective. Of the few reforms that are conceptually effective, most are relatively 'light' touch. A 'light' touch approach may not be problematic, however, as such measures are easier to implement than 'hard' law. In the case of regulatory reforms, a 'light' touch approach provides scope for flexibility to minimize the many potential harms associated with 'hard' law measures. Consequently, this thesis concludes that SMST reform is more likely to occur if reformers pursue a 'lighter' touch approach meant to reduce excessive discounting of future returns and 'nudge' capital markets away from their harmful short-termism focus.
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Bučelienė, Jolanta. "Kalbotyros terminai J. Palionio ,,Kalbos mokslo pradmenyse"." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_184823-23341.
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Darbe analizuojama kalbotyros mokslo terminų, pavartotų J. Palionio vadovėlyje, kilmė ir sandara. Čia aprašoma terminų kilmė, daryba, sudėtinių terminų struktūra, jų dėmenų sintaksiniai ryšiai. Nustatomas įvairių rūšių terminų (vienažodžių ir sudėtinių; lietuviškų, hibridinių ir tarptautinių ir pan.) procentinis santykis. Iš viso surinkta 2280 terminai. Rasti terminai abėcėlės tvarka surašyti darbo pabaigoje pridėtoje terminų rodyklėje. Terminais šiame darbe laikomi tik daiktavardžiai. Antroje dalyje aptariami J. Palionio ,,Kalbos mokslo pradmenų“ vadovėlio vienažodžiai kalbotyros terminai kilmės atžvilgiu – išskirti ir aprašyti lietuviški, tarptautiniai ir hibridiniai terminai, taip pat aptariama terminų daryba. Lietuviški ir hibridiniai terminai čia skirstomi pagal darybos būdus (priesagų, galūnių, priešdėlių vediniai ir dūriniai), o tarptautiniai – pirminius, darinius ir darybiškai neaiškius. Trečioje dalyje nagrinėjama sudėtinių terminų sandara. Atskirai aptariami sudėtiniai dvižodžiai, trižodžiai ir daugiažodžiai terminai. Aprašoma ir sudėtinių terminų dėmenų kilmė. Terminai grupuojami pagal jų dėmenų sintaksinius santykius, struktūrą. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos apibendrintos analizės išvados, šaltiniai, naudotos literatūros sąrašas.The paper analyses the origin and structure of linguistic terms used in J. Palionis textbook. The paper describes the origin and composition of terms as well as the structure of compound terms and syntactical relations of components. It establishes the percentage of different types of terms (one-words and compounds; Lithuanian, hybrid and international, etc). The total of 2280 terms were collected. The gathered terms are attached in the alphabetical order in the Terms Index of the final section of the paper. This paper considers the terms as nouns. The second section discusses the origin of linguistic one-word terms provided in the textbook “Basics of Linguistics“ by J. Palionis – it identifies and describes Lithuanian, international and hybrid terms as well as discusses the composition of terms. Lithuanian and hybrid terms are grouped on the basis of the methods of composition (suffixes, endings, derivatives and compounds of prefixes) and international terms are grouped into original, compounds and ambiguous terms. The third section deals with the structure of compound terms. It discusses separately compound two-word, three- word and multi-word terms. The section also describes the origin of components of compound terms. The terms are grouped on the basis of the syntactical relations of their components and the structure. The final section of the paper presents the summarized conclusions of the analysis, references and the list of literature.
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Bracone, Nicola. "Isolamento termico di balconi a sbalzo realizzati con giunto termico: analisi con un modello di calcolo agli elementi finiti e studio della trasmittanza termica lineare." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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L' argomento principale della tesi è il calcolo del valore della trasmittanza termica lineare di un ponte termico balcone-solaio isolato termicamente da un giunto termico. Dopo una prima definizione di ponte termico, segue un’analisi dei vari metodi utilizzati per smorzare gli effetti provocati. Per ricavare questo valore sono state analizzate e seguite le linee guida definite nelle normative di riferimento. E' stato utilizzato il software TRISCO, strumento digitale utilizzato per l’analisi termica dei componenti edilizi, con il quale verranno analizzati otto modelli di balcone a sbalzo differenziati nella stratigrafia della parete, balcone e la presenza o meno del giunto termico. Si concluderà con un confronto tra i risultati ottenuti dall’ analisi dei vari modelli proposti ed una verifica termoigrometrica sullo spigolo parete-solaio evidenziando l’efficacia ed i benefici derivanti dall’utilizzo di un giunto termico proponendo il metodo migliore di isolamento termico da adottare su edifici esistenti e di nuova costruzione.
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Beya, Issam. "La gouvernance plurale et la création de valeur globale et durable pour les entreprises : le cas des entreprises françaises cotées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0018.
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Notre recherche a mis en en exergue les limites de la gouvernance disciplinaire focalisée davantage sur la répartition de la valeur plutôt que sa création. Certains auteurs la qualifient de trop statique et court termiste car elle s’inscrit dans le modèle actionnarial qui trouve ses fondements dans la théorie de l’agence (Jensen et Meckling, 1976). Cette dernière centre l’analyse de la firme sur la relation qui unit l’agent (dirigeant) et le principal (l’actionnaire). Elle favorise la maximisation de la valeur actionnariale au détriment des autres parties prenantes. Cette pression est, pour de nombreux auteurs, à l’origine des scandales financiers (crise de 2000 et de 2007). Le principe de maximisation de la valeur actionnariale est aujourd’hui remis en cause. Dans l’approche partenariale qui trouve ses fondements dans la théorie de l’agence élargie (Fama et Jensen, 1983), l’entreprise n’as plus pour seule vocation la création de valeur pour les seuls actionnaires, mais pour toutes les parties prenantes. C’est ainsi que l’objectif est déplacé vers la maximisation la valeur globale (Blair, 1996). Malgré cette avancée théorique, la gouvernance d’entreprise abordent la question délicate de la création et la répartition de valeur à travers les relations entre le dirigeant et un ou plusieurs autres acteurs de l’environnement, qu’il s’agisse des actionnaires (cas du modèle actionnarial) ou des parties prenantes (cas du modèle partenarial). Parallèlement à ces deux théories, a émergé une troisième théorie, appelée théorie cognitive de la gouvernance.Notre recherche a exploré les mécanismes de gouvernance plurale (disciplinaire, cognitive et comportementale) dans la création la valeur globale et durable. Ce champ d’investigation a fait l’objet de plusieurs contributions théoriques, mais reste très peu exploré d’un point de vue empirique. Notre étude empirique a permis une remise en question de l’utilité et la fiabilité de la performance opérationnalisé par la maximisation de la valeur actionnariale car jugé trop statique et court termiste. Enfin, notre travail a étudié le positionnement des engagements RSE dans la performance et création de valeur globale comme mécanismes de gouvernance. On parle ainsi de la gouvernance responsableOur research explored the mechanisms of plural governance (disciplinary, cognitive and behavioral) in creating global and sustainable value. This field of investigation has been the subject of several theoretical contributions, but remains very little explored from an empirical point of view. Our empirical study based on french listed companies (SBF120) has allowed a questioning of the utility and the reliability of the operationalized performance by the maximization of the shareholder value because considered too static and short termist. Finally, our work has studied the positioning of CSR commitments in performance and global value creation as governance mechanisms: we introduce to responsible governance
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Wiklund, Daniel, Samuel Sölgén, and Oskar Olsson. "Swedish Companies´ Perception of Quarterly Reports." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-749.
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Aim of the Thesis: To investigate from a company’s perspective if the pressure for companies to produce quarterly reports has turned away their attention from working towards long-term value creation. The companies investigated are listed on the large-cap section on the Swedish stock exchange (OMX Nordic Exchange Stockholm AB).
Methodology: A quantitative approach has been used and empirical data has been collected through questionnaires. The data has been analyzed and presented with descriptive statistics.
Theoretical Perspectives: A literature review has been conducted and resulted in a theoretical framework illustrating the concepts of quarterly reporting, long-term value creating, short-termism and forecasting.
Empirical data: The empirical data was collected by distributing questionnaires to the companies listed on the large-cap section of the OMX.
Conclusion: Companies listed on the large cap section of the OMX do not perceive that the pressure to produce quarterly reports affects them in a negative way. The study also showed that many companies lack awareness of the risks associated with short-termism.
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Xie, Yutong. "Two Essays on Corporate Finance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93575.
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This Dissertation consists of two essays. The first essay examines how corporate financial policies depend on the properties of future cash flows. In contrast to prior literature, we investigate the role of asymmetries in the distributionof cash flows. We document the relevance of such asymmetries for firms' payout, liquidity, and capital structure policies. Policies are more sensitive to downside volatility and the directional effect of upside variation is often opposite that of downside. Controlling for cash flow volatility,policies significantly relate to measures of skewness. Firms adopt more conservative policies (lower propensity to pay, more cash, less leverage) when cash flow news is more negatively skewed.
The second essay addresses a mythical relationship between corporate payout and short-termism. Over the past 30 years, aggregate investment by US public corporations has declined, and corporate payout has increased. These facts are interpreted as evidence that public firms are plagued by short-termism and are foregoing valuable investment opportunities to support the large payouts. We find that large increases in corporate payout do not impact firm investment or innovative activities in the short run. In the long run, firms which increase their payout invest more in physical capital than control firms and that their RandD spending is comparable. Firms which increase their payout do not experience a decline in operating profitability or valuation in the long run. These conclusions hold when we restrict our attention to firms who persist in making large payouts and for those high payout firms that rely on internal funds. Our results are inconsistent with the view that unusually high payout harms the long-term viability of US firms. The evidence in the paper suggests that the high payers are from industries with declining growth opportunities but the firms themselves are expecting their high profitability and cash flow to persist.Doctor of Philosophy
Large increases or decreases in a company’s earnings or stock returns are breathcatching. Do such large changes contain information about the company’s future performance? If so, what information do they carry? My first essay answers these questions by looking into the data. We find that extreme stock returns do carry information about firms’ long-run performance, and this information effectively predicts firms’ financial decisions including payout, cash balance, and leverage. U.S. public firms have been decreasing their capital investment and increasing their cash payout to shareholders in the past 30 years. This create a concern because these firms are supposed to support economy growth and create jobs. Some commenters would conclude that if public firms payout so much money to shareholders, they would not have enough resource to support economy growth and create jobs. We try to find evidence from the data to support or refute this argument. The data shows that firms that payout a large amount of cash to shareholders do not reduce investment relative to their otherwise similar peers, neither in the short run nor in the long run. We also find that the firms that payout high amount are from industries with declining growth opportunities but the firms themselves are expecting their high profitability and cash flow to persist.
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Nachemson-Ekwall, Sophie. "An institutional analysis of cross-border hostile takeovers : shareholder value, short-termism and regulatory arbitrage on the Swedish stock market during the sixth takeover wave." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Företagande och Ledning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1907.
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Taking a sociological perspective on the market for corporate control this thesis calls into question financial capitalism with its preference for clear shareholder-value governance of the corporation. The institutional setting chosen to show this is Sweden, with its particularly shareholder friendly governance regime and its very active takeover market. To this is added three longitudinal case studies of cross-border hostile takeover processes during the sixth takeover wave in Europe. These reveal that the success of cross-border hostile bids has little to do with the theory of the market for corporate control, as a market where contests enable “good managers” to win over “bad managers”, with the overarching goal of enhancing wealth creation for society at large. Instead the most successful actors on a market for corporate control are those who best understand that market’s power dynamics – including the use of regulatory and moral arbitrage between different national frameworks and the leveraging of short-termism of institutional investors. The case studies are then analyzed in relation to the revised Swedish takeover rules of 2009. This shows that the revision did not address the problems detected, focusing instead on enhancing deal making and further limiting the board’s ability to work for long term value creation. As a whole this thesis calls for a development of a theory of a market for corporate control that in a more sustainable way will enable board of directors to focus on the corporation as value accretive entity. Sophie Nachemson-Ekwall has conducted her PhD work at the Stockholm School of Economics and is today a researcher
at the Center for Management and Organization at the Stockholm School of Economics Institute for Research (SIR). She has a background as a prize winning financial journalist for over 20 years and has co-authored three books about delicate issues in large Swedish corporations.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2012
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Gokavarapu, Naga Sai Pavan Rahul. "Termisk cyklisk utmattning studie av Gd2Zr2O7 / YSZ flerskikts termiska barriärbeläggningar." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för tillverkningsprocesser, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8266.
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From many years YSZ is used as the top coat material for TBC's, as it has good phase stability up to 1200°C, higher fracture toughness, lower thermal conductivity, erosion resistance & higher coefficient of thermal expansion. But, it has a drawbacks at high temperature such as sintering and transformation of phases. For this reason new ceramic materials with pyrochlores crystal structure such as Gd2Zr2O7 are being considered as it has high melting points, phase stability, lower thermal conductivity and CMAS resistance. But it has low fracture toughness when compared to YSZ. In order to take advantage of low thermal conductivity and high thermal stability of gadolinium zirconate and avoiding the drawbacks of low coefficient of thermal expansion and low toughness using YSZ, a double/multi-layer coatings approach is being used. Therefore, multi-layer TBCs are sprayed and compared with single layer coating in this work. These coatings are processed by suspension plasma spraying. For single layer coating YSZ is used, for double layer coating YSZ as the intermediate coating and Gd2Zr2O7 as the top coat is used. Additionally, a triple layer coating system comprising YSZ, Gd2Zr2O7 and dense Gd2Zr2O7 as top coat is also sprayed. The as sprayed coatings are characterized for microstructure analysis using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis of TGO using Energy-Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). XRD analysis was done to identify various phases in the coating. Porosity analysis using Archimedes principle was carried out. Thermal cyclic fatigue (TCF) test of the sprayed coatings was carried out at 1100°C. Failure analysis of the TCF specimens was carried out using SEM/EDS. TCF results showed that the triple layer coatings (dense Gd2Zr2O7/Gd2Zr2O7/YSZ) had higher thermal cyclic fatigue life and lower TGO thickness when compared to single layer (YSZ) and double layer (Gd2Zr2O7/YSZ) TBCs.
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Tepe, Mete. "Two Essays on Executive Compensation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78706.
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This dissertation consists of two essays, both co-authored with Ugur Lel. The first essay (Chapter 1) examines whether high CEO pay inequality (CPI), the share of total managerial pay captured by the CEO, is an outcome of poor corporate governance, and its implications for shareholder wealth. We exploit the 2002 NYSE and NASDAQ governance reforms that mandated firms to have majority independent boards as a quasi-exogenous source of variation in the internal governance environment of firms. Results show that CPI decreases following the passage of these exchange listing regulations, but only in firms with entrenched CEOs affected by the exchange listing regulations. Firm value also increases for these firms. These results are robust to a variety of robustness checks such as a matched sample analysis and placebo tests. Overall, our results suggest that poor governance environments are associated with high managerial pay differences and consequently lower firm valuations, supporting the view that high CEO pay inequality reflects managerial entrenchment.
The second essay (Chapter 2) examines whether shareholders use executive compensation channel to align managerial horizon with their investment horizon. We utilize a newly emerged empirical measure, pay duration, to measure managerial horizon. For shareholder horizon, we use the fraction of long-term institutional ownership in the firm. Results show that there is a positive association between long-term institutional ownership and CEO pay duration, suggesting that shareholder horizon is a determining factor in compensation contracts. We address reverse causality using indexer institutions. We also establish a causal link from investor horizon to CEO pay duration using institution mergers as a source of exogenous variation in investor horizon of the firm. We extend our results to hedge fund activism and document a negative relation between hedge fund activism and pay duration, which is consistent with our argument. Overall our results suggest that shareholders structure CEO pay in a way that is consistent with their investment horizon.Ph. D.
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Martin, Flores José Maria. "Non-Regulatory Incentives and Bank Behavior : the Stock-market, Taxes and Social Capital." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E022.
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Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse, nous étudions l’impact du marché boursier sur la résistance des banques en temps de crise. Comme pour les banques cotées, nous observons que les banques privées qui sont vulnérables dans une crise financière tendent à le rester dans la crise suivante. Toutefois, pour les banques privées, il existe également un groupe de banques résilientes à des chocs successifs. L’examen des banques devenant cotées révèle que les banques davantage exposées à des investisseurs de court terme tendent à accroître leurs risques. Les banques résilientes aux chocs quand elles étaient privées, deviennent alors plus vulnérables aux crises lorsqu’elles sont soumises à certaines pressions à court terme du marché. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous examinons l’impact d’un changement fiscal visant à réduire le traitement fiscal déséquilibré entre capitaux propres et dettes en ce qui concerne la déductibilité de leurs coûts respectifs. Nous observons que la mise en place d’un tel changement fiscal induit une augmentation de fonds propres des banques. La suppression de cette mesure induit chez les banques un comportement inverse de réduction du capital. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions comment le niveau de capital social (mesuré par l’adhésion aux normes civiques et la densité des réseaux sociaux) peut influer le comportement des banques. Nous mettons en évidence le fait que le capital social réduit la probabilité qu'une banque commette une fraude. Nous montrons également qu’une fois que la faute est révélée, les banques perdent davantage des parts de marché dans les zones géographiques caractérisées par des niveaux de capital social plus élevésIn the first chapter of this thesis, we study how stock-market forces determine the persistence of bank performance across crises. In this analysis, we observe that the persistence of business models that make banks more vulnerable across crises is not a specificity of publicly held banks but also applies to privately held institutions. However, for privately held banks, there is a group of banks that perform well across crises. This result suggests that stock-market listing may have adverse effects on the ability of banks to withstand crises well. To deepen this analysis, we look at banks that make a private-to-public transition between crises. Our results indicate that, after becoming publicly held, banks more subject to short-termist market pressures increase risk which makes top performer banks in one crisis more vulnerable to ubsequent shocks. In the second chapter, we study the effect of tax incentives on bank capital. We exploit a tax change that reduces significantly the unequal tax treatment between equity and debt with respect to interests and cost of equity deductibility and show that banks increase their equity ratios following this tax change. When this tax incentive is removed we observe a reduction of bank capital ratios. In the third chapter, we focus on bank misconduct. We document that social capital (defined as strength of civic norms and density of social networks where a bank is headquartered) is negatively related to the probability that a bank is involved in misconduct Moreover, we show that once misconduct is revealed, banks tend to lose greater percentages of deposits market-share in areas higher social capital areas
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Kohont, Alexander, and Roger Can Isik. "TERMISKT SMARTA HANTERINGSSYSTEM FÖR LITIUMJONBATTERIER : Analys av litium-jonbatteriets termiska beteende." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55065.
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Batteries play an important role in a sustainable future. As the development for better andsmarter batteries continues, new areas of use emerge boosting its demand. Controlling thetemperature of a battery cell is a vital objective to ensure its longevity and performance. Bothcooling and heating methods can be applied to keep the temperature within a certain rangedepending on its need. This study will review the technical aspects of lithium-ion batteries,observe the different thermal management systems and cooling methods, and lastly examinethe required cooling flow needed for a battery cell to prevent its temperature from rising tocritical levels during its discharge. Using CFD ANSYS Fluent as a simulation tool, the resultsshow that different charging rates, in terms of C-rate, require different rates of mass flow tocontrol the temperature. Simulating the cell with natural convection, the cell peaks at hightemperatures even at lower C-rates, reaching up to 36,4°C and 48,8°C for 1C and 2C,respectively. Applying the cooling method with a flow rate of 0,0077kg/s reduces thetemperature significantly, resulting in temperatures of 26,95°C and 31,27°C for 1C and 2C,respectively.
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Saulis, Antonas. "THE PECULIARITIES OF MARKETING TERMS AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO LITHUANIAN IN THE MARKETING TEXTBOOK BY PH. KOTLER AND G. ARMSTRONG “PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING” (“RINKODAROS PRINCIPAI“)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080929_141127-91926.
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After the literature analysis has been performed, the present research states that terms are related with the scientific discourse, i.e. they are used exclusively by educated people. On the whole, the peculiarities of marketing terms and their translation into Lithuanian are analyzed here. Special attention is paid to the semantics of marketing terms, the issues related with the translation of marketing terms are discussed and the solutions to the issues are suggested in the thesis.Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą konstatuojama, kad terminai – mokslinio diskurso, t.y. išsilavinusiu žmonių savastis. Taip pat šiame darbe nagrinėjami rinkodaros terminų ypatumai ir jų vertimas į lietuvių kalbą. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas rinkodaros terminų semantiniam dalykam, gilinamasi į problemas susijusias su rinkodaros terminų vertimu, bei pasiūlomos išeitys joms spręsti.
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Angelini, Andrea. "Impianti di riscaldamento per edifici residenziali, confronto tra metodo dinamico e stazionario." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5992/.
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Dopo un'introduzione sulla neccessità di ottimizzare i consumi energetici relativi all'ambito edilizio, si analizza attraverso due differenti metodologie di calcolo (dinamica/stazionaria) i fabbisogni energetici di una palazzina costituita da 15 appartamenti.
Sono stati utilizzati Trnsys 17 e Termus.
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Storm, Josef. "Termisk utmattning : Hur termiska belastningar avgör livslängden på en Pressure seal-dysa och en bultad dysa." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85207.
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Thermal fatigue is a major problem in various mechanical constructions. Details with strict boundary conditions subjected to cyclic thermal loadings experience significant internal stresses. Due to the capability of materials to expand or contract differently, components in separate materials, assembled, behave in their own ways. The cyclic thermal loads result in strains that cause stresses in the exposed materials. The magnitude of the resulted stresses is commonly dependent on the thermal loads and the material properties, and even if the magnitude of the stresses is too low to cause an immediate failure of the material, these stresses applied repeatedly will eventually result in localized plastic deformation. In the heavily deformed locations, stresses might reach the ultimate tensile strength of the material and thus initiate a fatigue crack. Repeated exposure to stresses will lead to crack growth and failure of components. In the present work a stress computational model in Abaqus was built up to calculate the stresses generated when components are subjected to thermal loads. The stress analysis was performed on two different spray nozzles attached to a steam pipe. The nozzles work under cyclic conditions, they start at a rather high temperature which decreases while cold water is passed through. This occurrence is repeated since the water flow runs sporadically. Cold water runs only when the temperature is too high, it is applied to regulate the temperature inside the steam pipe. The nozzle covers are the main differences between them, one is called a Pressured seal nozzle while the other nozzle is sealed with bolts. The results of the stress analysis showed that the highest stresses were found in the welding between the nozzle and the steam pipe. The Pressured sealnozzle’s stresses were more uniformly distributed around the welding compared to the nozzle with the bolts, which experienced stresses a little more varying in its welding. Worth to remark, the nozzle with bolts had one smaller area in the welding where the stresses were significantly higher than what appeared to be the average value of the stress in the welding of the Pressured seal nozzle. These results indicate that the Pressured seal nozzle’s welding should experience a more uniform fatigue while the other nozzle might get larger fatigue symptoms in a smaller area, while the rest of the part is not so heavily stressed.
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Sah, Nilesh. "Essays on the impact of CEO gender on corporate policies and outcomes." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5771.
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In the first essay I examine the cash policies of female-led firms. Recent research finds that female CEOs eschew riskier corporate policies, but it makes contradicting claims whether this is due to risk aversion. Benchmarking risk aversion by the management of firms’ cash, I find that female CEOs are risk averse relative to male CEOs. Specifically, they hold significantly (18%) more cash, even for the same level of dividend payout as male CEOs. Further, they have significantly higher speed of adjustment for cash deficits, are more likely to use excess cash to increase dividends, but are equally likely to use it to increase investment. Collectively, these results indicate that greater risk aversion in the general female population continues beyond the glass ceiling and likely influences female CEOs’ corporate policies. Nonetheless, cash held by female CEOs has greater marginal value, suggesting a dividend-clientele effect.
In the second essay I examine the impact of CEO gender on compensation keeping in view the corporate outcomes that they beget. Risk aversion may influence CEOs’ intertemporal choices and effort regarding short-term and long-term corporate activities. Given that females are more risk averse, I examine whether there are gender-based differences in short- and long-term corporate outcomes and whether these lead to gender-based disparity in CEO compensation. I find that female CEOs have significantly (10%) superior performance on short-term firm outcomes, but inferior (24%) performance on long-term outcomes, relative to male CEOs. However, for a given level of short-term (long-term) performance female CEOs obtain relatively more (less) short-term (short-term and long-term) compensation. The end result is that there is no difference in the total compensation between male and female CEOs. This suggests that female CEOs are well rewarded for their short-termism, enough to make up for their relative underperformance on long-term goals.
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Correa, Jorge Emanuel. "Analise dinamica do comportamento integrado de edificações e sistemas de climatização." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1998. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77362.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro TecnologicoMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T03:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-09T00:31:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 149253.pdf: 25632414 bytes, checksum: fc54988b4184d3b5b1b0c94fca665a04 (MD5)
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Jahnke, Karin Anete. "Análise do desempenho térmico de painéis de vedação e mantas para subcobertura com a reutilização de embalagem LV." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88997.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e UrbanismoMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T15:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 237205.pdf: 53733531 bytes, checksum: ced4adedc9fd7038d86ef25724a1e463 (MD5)
O presente trabalho pretende avaliar a possibilidade de aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos na construção civil, especialmente embalagens do tipo longa vida e, complementarmente, valorizar a conscientização ambiental e os princípios de sustentabilidade. O estudo refere-se à aplicação de resíduo sólido urbano - embalagem do tipo Longa Vida (LV) - composta por alumínio, papel e polietileno na confecção de componentes para a construção. Considera-se que a construção civil apresenta maior capacidade de absorver novos materiais e novas tecnologias. Tem-se por objetivo desenvolver painéis de vedação e manta para subcobertura térmica para habitação. Dois painéis são propostos: o primeiro é composto pela junção de camadas de polietileno e alumínio a uma placa de madeira, enquanto o outro painel consiste no reaproveitamento das unidades LV com argamassa. Os painéis seguem o conceito de construção pré-fabricada, tecnologia esta que substitui as técnicas construtivas tradicionais e que, atualmente, já é incorporada aos projetos de edificações. Um exemplo também termicamente avaliado neste estudo é o gesso acartonado, material de referência indicado para parede de vedação interna de qualquer tipo de construção. Para a análise térmica destes painéis e da subcobertura, foi utilizado o método fluximétrico, que tem por finalidade determinar a resistência térmica dos materiais. Este método proporciona maior precisão à utilização destes materiais em relação aos comercializados. A aplicação de embalagem LV em subcoberturas, bem como em painel de vedação, contribui para a redução de das trocas de calor com o ambiente externo, proporcionando a redução do consumo de energia no condicionamento artificial de ar. O uso de resíduos sólidos urbanos na construção civil é uma possibilidade que não pode ser descartada, oferecendo melhor qualidade nas habitações, viabilidade econômica e auxilia a redução dos impactos ambientais.
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Andrade, Lucia Machado de. "Uso de termos personificadores por professores de química: uma análise qualitativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81132/tde-29082018-165545/.
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O propósito deste estudo foi investigar o uso de termos personificadores por professores de química do ensino médio, dando ênfase ao tipo de uso - consciente ou inconsciente, à ocorrência de cada tipo - animismo e antropomorfismo (literal, metafórico e teleológico), aos motivos e contextos que acarretariam no seu uso e às concepções dos professores em relação à sua influência no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O trabalho está estruturado em duas partes: na primeira, foram analisadas quinze encomendas de simulações computacionais elaboradas por um total de trinta e seis professores participantes do projeto LabVirt da Escola do Futuro da USP. Na segunda parte do trabalho, os termos personificadores detectados nas encomendas dessas simulações serviram de subsídio para a elaboração de um conjunto de tarefas e entrevistas (estruturada e semi-estruturada) que foram utilizadas para a análise de outro grupo de seis professores. A partir dos dados desta pesquisa, pode-se dizer que o uso de termos personificadores é uma prática comum dos professores investigados, embora isso ocorra de forma inconsciente. Esse uso aparece indistintamente entre professores com diferentes perfis acadêmicos e experiência docente. A recorrência ao uso desses termos está relacionada à abstração do conceito químico trabalhado em sala por estes professores. Eles consideram, ainda, que o uso desses termos auxilia no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de seus alunos. O antropomorfismo metafórico é o tipo mais freqüentemente utilizado. Além disso, os termos personificadores mostraram-se eficientes instrumentos de análise para inferir sobre os possíveis modelos mentais dos professores em relação a alguns conceitos químicos. Tais modelos foram revelados por meio do uso desses termos pelos professores, utilizados em seus respectivos modelos expressos. Tais resultados revelam que o uso inconsciente desses termos impossibilita uma autonomia do professor no que se refere ao controle da influência da linguagem sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of personifying terms by high school chemistry teachers, giving emphasis to the type of use - conscious or unconscious, to the occurrence of each type - animism and anthropomorphism (literal, metaphoric and teleological), to the reasons and contexts which entail their use and to teachers\' conceptions related to their influence on teaching and learning. The project is structured in two parts: in the first, fifteen scripts for learning objects elaborated by a group of teachers (a total of thirty six teachers) who participated in the LabVirt project from \"Escola do Futuro - USP\" were analyzed. In the second part, the personifying terms detected on these scripts were used to elaborate a set of tasks and interviews (structured and semi-structured) which were used to analyze another group of six teachers. From these results, was possible to admit that the use of personifying terms is a common practice among these investigated teachers, although it happens unconsciously. This practice appears indistinctively between teachers with different academic profiles and experience. The recurrence of these terms is related to the abstraction of the concept studied. Behind, these teachers consider that the use of these terms helps in the teaching learning process. The metaphoric anthropomorphism is the most frequent term used. Besides that, the personifying terms were efficient analysis instruments to infer about the possible mental models of the teachers. These models were revealed by the use of the personifying terms in their respective expressed models. These results point to the fact that the unconscious use of the personifying terms impedes the autonomy of the teacher in terms of the influence of language about the teaching learning process.
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Berger, Michael. "Managermyopie in deutschen Unternehmen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-94820.
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Unterlassen die Vorstände deutscher Unternehmen wirtschaftlich sinnvolle Investitionen, um einer auf Quartalszahlen fokussierten Financial Community befriedigende Ergebnisse präsentieren zu können?
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Frage nach der Existenz von solch kurzfristigem Verhalten, bezeichnet als Managermyopie bzw. Managerial Myopia, sowie den Einflussfaktoren auf dieses Verhalten gestellt.
Zur Beantwortung wurden eine postalische, anonymisierte Fragebogenumfrage unter den Finanzvorständen der CDAX-Unternehmen mit einer Rücklaufquote von 21% sowie teilstrukturierte Interviews durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse liefern deutliche Hinweise auf die Existenz von kurzfristigem Verhalten. Die Faktoren Kapitalmarktdruck, Unternehmensgröße und Fremdkapitalquote besitzen einen statistisch messbaren Einfluss auf kurzfristiges Verhalten. Die Untersuchung liefert direkte Erkenntnisse über Kapitalmarktdruck, das tatsächlich ausgeübte Maß von kurzfristigem Verhalten und die aktuelle Debatte über die verpflichtende Einführung von Quartalsberichterstattung.
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Cepollaro, Bianca. "La sémantique et la pragmatique des termes d'offense et des termes éthiques épais." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE003/document.
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Dans ma thèse, je développe une analyse uniforme des insultes et des termes épais en termes de présuppositions. Je soutiens que les insultes et les termes épais - même si ils ont été étudiés par différentes disciplines - appartiennent à la même classe de «evaluatives hybrides». Mon travail vise à combler le fossé entre la recherche sur les termes d'épaisseur d'une part et la recherche sur les insultes de l'autre, en montrant que le mécanisme sous-jacents les insultes et les termes d'épaisseur est le même et que les différences phénoménales que on peut observer dépendent des particularités de leur contenu descriptifIn this thesis I develop a uniform account of slurs and thick terms in terms of presuppositions. I argue that slurs and thick terms – even though they were studied by different disciplines – belong to the same class of ‘hybrid evaluatives’. My work aims to fill the gap between the research on thick terms on the one hand and the research on slurs on the other, by showing that the mechanisms underlying slurs and thick terms is one and the same and that the phenomenal differences that one can observe depend on the peculiarities of their descriptive content
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Klingberg, Hans, and Marcus Stendal. "Termisk Vattenpump." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Mechanical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9208.
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This degree project aims at developing a concept for how to use solar energy to pump up water. The target audience is people living in areas where the functioning of the electricity and water network is absent. In these areas, the hand-powered water pump is the most common technology. The degree project's goal is to find an economically viable alternative to the time consuming hand-powered water pumps. The power comes from solar energy. Studies have shown that 90% of the hand pumps that have been installed have broken down within the first three years. This is because of an incorrect basic design that severely shortens lifetime.
How would a simple and robust design look like? An information seeking phase about the conditions and techniques that exist in these areas, were the basis for the requirements of the concept. Because of this the authors chose a concept similar to a simple steam engine. The pump uses vaporized water, by means of concentrating sunlight to pump up water. In total, 33 different concepts were created. The concepts were filtered in three stages that resulted in a final concept. The final concept contains a reflective dish that concentrates the sunlight to a receiver where the water evaporates. The built up pressure forces up water towards the surface from a tank located below the groundwater. The system is designed to supply 25 families with 2.5 cubic meters of water a day. The pump is working during the daily 8 hours of sunshine. The system will have an expected low efficiency <5.3% which is the theoretical maximum efficiency. Further development of the system requires a detailed analysis of the situation on the ground. Tests should be performed to examine how well the technology works and how sensitive the system is to disturbances.
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Fredriksson, Linda, and Julia Johansson. "Termisk energilagring." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36899.
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Sweden is only utilizing half of the available excess heat. To utilize more of the excess heat a seasonal thermal energy storage could be implemented to store excessed heat from the summer when the demand is lower to the winter when the demand is higher. This can be achieved by an integration of a seasonal thermal energy storage to the district heating system. A seasonal thermal energy storage may also reduce the need of the system’s peak load, which often is economically costly and adversely affect the environment. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the possibility for Skövde Värmeverk to implement a seasonal thermal storage. The paper is performed by a literature collection and calculations are made by software programs. The result shows that it is technically possible to implement a pit thermal energy storage and a borhole thermal energy storage, but no outcome shows a profitability within 20 years. A pit thermal energy storage can replace the system’s peak load up to 79 percent and a borhole thermal energy storage up to 2,8 percent. The most suitable case for Skövde Värmeverk is to install a pit thermal energy storage with a storage capacity of 4 GWh.
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Tordi, Gabriele. "Analisi delle proprietà meccaniche al variare dei parametri termici dell’eutettoide nella ghisa sferoidale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Find full textAbstract:
Il controllo del processo di solidificazione in fonderia viene effettuato mediante l’acquisizione di curve di analisi termica ottenute facendo raffreddare il fuso in coppette contenenti una termocoppia. Mediante un apposito software le curve di raffreddamento sono analizzate al calcolatore e da queste vengono ricavate informazioni circa i parametri termici dell’eutettico. L’obiettivo dell’analisi consiste nel correlare il valore di tali parametri con la microstruttura del prodotto finale.
Si può ipotizzare che seguendo il percorso di raffreddamento della ghisa fino alle temperature eutettoidiche risulti possibile prevedere le caratteristiche meccaniche, anticipando le informazioni riguardanti la resistenza a trazione, la durezza, il contenuto di perlite e ferrite, l’allungamento e quindi la lavorabilità e la compattezza del pezzo quando questo è ancora a 700 °C.
Nella normale attività di produzione di fonderia ci si limita solamente all’osservazione del passaggio attraverso il punto eutettico, però se l’ipotesi fosse verificata, continuando con l’analisi del processo di solidificazione fino al punto eutettoidico i vantaggi sarebbero non indifferenti; si potrebbe infatti prevedere se il pezzo è utilizzabile oppure scarto, se necessita di un trattamento termico o se può essere lavorato meccanicamente, con i relativi risparmi in termini economici derivanti dalla riduzione degli scarti.
In questa tesi si vuole verificare questa ipotesi, indagando l’influenza dei parametri termici eutettoidici sulle proprietà meccaniche e sulla formazione della perlite nella ghisa sferoidale; costruendo, se possibile, un modello statistico affidabile con lo scopo di prevedere le proprietà meccaniche allargando lo studio dell’analisi termica all’eutettoide.
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Kavaliauskaitė, Aušra. "Edukologijos terminų daryba ir kirčiavimas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120831_092014-03582.
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Baigiamajame bakalauro darbe išanalizuoti 1077 edukologijos terminai, išrinkti iš L. Jovaišos Enciklopedinio edukologijos žodyno (2007). Jų sandara, kilmė, daryba ir kirčiavimas iki šiol plačiau nenagrinėti. Edukologijos terminai sandaros atžvilgiu suskirstyti į vienažodžius ir sudėtinius (dvižodžius, trižodžius ir keturžodžius) terminus, nustatytos jų kirčiuotės. Dauguma edukologijos terminų yra vienažodžiai terminai – 655 (60,8 proc.), sudėtinių terminų rasta 422 (39,2 proc.). Daugiau nei pusė vienažodžių edukologijos terminų yra lietuviški žodžiai – 378 (57,7 proc.). Net 592 vienažodžiai terminai (90,4 proc.) yra pirmosios ir antrosios kirčiuočių – atitinkamai 363 ir 229. Trečiosios kirčiuotės rasti 35, o ketvirtosios – 26 terminai. Lietuviški vienažodžiai pirmosios kirčiuotės edukologijos terminai dažniausiai turi priesagą -imas (60), reiškiančią veiksmų pavadinimus. Tarp antrosios kirčiuotės lietuviškų edukologijos terminų daugiausia turinčių priesagas -umas (56), kuri reiškia ypatybių pavadinimus, ir -imas (47), reiškiančią įvairius veiksmus. Iš tarptautinių pirmosios kirčiuotės vienažodžių edukologijos terminų daugiausia yra su baigmeniu -ija (74), antrosios kirčiuotės – su baigmeniu -izmas (22). Iš sudėtinių edukologijos terminų daugiausia yra dvižodžių terminų – 355 (84,1 proc.). Tarp jų vyrauja terminai su prepoziciškai prijungtais dėmenimis.The bachelor thesis analyzes 1077 terms of education which were selected from Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Education (Enciklopedinis edukologijos žodynas) by L. Jovaiša (2007). Their structure, origin, formation and accentuation have not been analyzed in detail yet. In regard to the structure, terms of education are divided into one-word and compound (consisting of two, three and four words) terms. Their accentuation classes have been determined. Most terms of education are one-word terms – 655 (60,8%), 422 (39,2%) compound terms have been found. More than a half of one-word terms of education are Lithuanian words – 378 (57,7%). 592 (90,4%) one-word terms, respectively 363 and 229 ones, are of the first and second accentuation classes. There have been found 35 terms of the third accentuation class and 26 ones – of the fourth accentuation class. Lithuanian one-word terms of education belonging to the first accentuation class often have the suffix -imas (60) which expresses the names of actions. Lithuanian terms of education belonging to the second accentuation class generally have the suffixes -umas (56) (expresses the names of characteristics) and -imas (47) (expresses various actions). International one-word terms of education belonging to the first accentuation class have the ending -ija (74), while the terms of the second accentuation class have the ending -izmas (22). A vast majority of compound terms of education are two-word terms – 355 (84,1%). Terms with... [to full text]
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Milebe, Malanda Fleury Florence. "La traduction des termes médicaux liés au cancer du sein." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65488.
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Breast cancer is a disease that affects many women in the world. That’s why many European states and even other nations in the rest of the world are spending a lot of money on early detection of disease, treatment, research and even the follow-up of patients after recovery. Today, with the development of science and globalization, the European states share the results of their research to permit to all women in Europe and in the world to benefit from this progress. But for these sharing of experiences to be possible, different documents in relation to the disease and its treatment must be translated from one language to another. In this study, we have translated a Swedish health website (Vårdguiden 2016) into French, specifically its pages devoted to breast cancer, and written by Anna Dahllöv. The aim of this work is to analyze the translation of specialized words from Swedish into French and to see what translation strategies are used for this type of text. Also, taking into account the specificity of medicine, this translation work requires a knowledge in this area not only in the source language, but also in the target language. During this study, several specialized words that are almost identical in both languages (Swedish and French) were discovered. These words have been borrowed from Greek or Latin and are now to be found in several Western languages. That is why we used the theories of Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet who, in their book Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais (1958) to explain the strategies of adaptation, explanation, borrowing, additions and deletions or suppressions. These different theories helped us to bring the message of the source text into the target text, and to keep the same technical and straightforward style used by the source text of Anna Dahllöv.
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Hassan, Qalil. "Termisk värmelagring i kontorsbyggnader." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34856.
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Haugen, Marie Seltveit. "Termisk lagringssystem for vedovner." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18297.
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En ny generasjon vedovner tilpasset dagens nye boliger er under utvikling, og i den sammenheng skal vedovner med varmelagring vurderes. Varmelagring bidrar blant annet til en mer stabil varmeavgivelse fra vedovnen ved at varmelageret absorberer effekttoppene. Hensikten med denne oppgaven er å beskrive en første gjennomgang av et konsept for et latent varmelager for vedovner. Latent varmelagring vil si at varmen lagres i et materiale som gjennomgår faseovergang. Fordelen med latent varmelagring, i forhold til tradisjonelle lagringsmetoder med kleberstein og keramikk som lagringsmedium, er at vekt og volum reduseres for samme mengde lagret varme, og at varmen tas opp og avgis ved tilnærmet konstant temperatur. Latent varmelagring for vedovner, er så vidt forfatteren kjenner til, ikke tidligere rapportert om i litteraturen. I dette studiet er ulike faseovergangsmaterialer (Phase Change Material, PCM) for varmelagring undersøkt, og blant dem har salthydratet natriumacetat trihydrat og sukkeralkoholet erythritol vist seg å ha egenskaper som gjør dem egnet for formålet. To utfordringer knyttet til bruk av PCM for vedovner er lav termisk konduktivitet og risiko for overoppheting med påfølgende degradering av materialegenskaper. Metoder for å unngå overoppheting av faseovergangsmaterialene er vurdert i rapporten, og et konsept for et varmelager foreslått. Lageret har konsentrisk geometri med innvendige metallfinner og oppvarmingen skjer hovedsakelig ved stråling. Et luftsjikt mellom lageret og ovnsoverflater gir mulighet for konveksjonskjøling, og luftstrømmen kan stenges og åpnes med spjeld. Det er gjennomført numeriske beregninger av modellen med tre ulike finneløsninger, ved bruk av simuleringsprogrammet COMSOL Multiphysics®, for henholdsvis oppvarmings- og nedkjølingssykluser. Sukkeralkoholet erythitol ble brukt som PCM i simuleringene, og faseovergangen er beregnet ved bruk av ekvivalent varmekapasitetsmetode. Resultatet viser at løsningen med fri luftgjennomstrømning og seks sirkulære finner kan unngå overoppheting i to timer og førtito minutter ved konstant fyring. De numeriske resultatene må imidlertid benyttes med forbehold, på grunn av forenklingene som er forklart i rapporten. Når mer informasjon om samspillet mellom ovnstemperaturer og varmelager etterhvert blir kjent, kan modellen videreutvikles og optimaliseres, og konseptet kan testes eksperimentelt i laboratorium.
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Kuylenstierna, Julia. "Termisk energilagring i fjärrvärmenät." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-245058.
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District heating is the most common form of heating in Sweden and as other industries it faces challenges in terms of increased resource utilization and transition to 100% renewable energy sources. Thermal energy storage in district heating networks can bring several advantages, for example enabling the use of excess energy, reduction of equipment size and capacity, as well as load leveling. By replacing peak load equipment, thermal energy storages can be an important enabler for systems entirely based on renewable energy. In district heating networks today, buffer tanks are usually used to meet short-term variations, other storage solutions are rare. This study aims to contribute with knowledge about the potential of alternative thermal energy storages in the district heating networks. This is done by compiling comparable parameters for commercialized storages and storages in development phase. The parameters used within the study are energy density [MWh/m3], power density [kW/m3], investment cost per installed capacity [kSEK/MWh] and power [kSEK/kW], charging temperature, discharging temperature, and return temperature during charging [°C], efficiency [%], system integration, operational availability, implementation and environmental impact/emissions. Among the sensible storages the identified techniques are pressurized buffer tanks, aquifer-, borehole-, rock cavern-, pit- and hot water storages. For latent storages, which are in the development phase, experiments, pilot plants and studies have been compiled. The same applies to thermochemical storages. For comparison with a fully commercialized technology, data for buffer tanks has been compiled. Thermochemical storages based on sorption have the highest energy density followed by hot water storages, latent storages with inorganic phase change materials, pit storages and thermochemical storages based on chemical reactions without sorption. Pressurized buffer tanks have the highest power density followed by latent storages with inorganic phase change materials, buffer tanks and thermochemical storages based on sorption. The investment cost per installed capacity is significantly lower among sensible storages than among latent and thermochemical storages. Among the sensible storages, the investment cost is lowest for borehole, aquifer and hot water storages. For latent storages, the investment cost per installed capacity differs markedly depending on whether the phase change material is organic or inorganic where the storages with organic phase change material presents higher investment costs. The investment cost of the thermochemical storages varies but is generally lower than the cost of latent and higher than the cost of sensible storages. The investment cost per installed power is lowest for buffer tanks followed by other sensible storages with water as storage material (pressurized buffer tank, pit storage, rock cavern storage and hot water storage). The remaining storages has several times (75 - 216) higher investment costs per installed power. Efficiency for pressurized buffer tanks, hot water storages, latent storages and pit storage is highest where all have maximum values above 80%. Aquifer and borehole storages have efficiencies around 50%. For rock caverns the reported value for efficiency is 65%. Information about efficiency is missing for thermochemical storages. The temperature levels differ between the various installations, but in summary, the temperatures for the Swedish aquifer storages are relatively low with discharge temperatures between 8 - 28 ° C. The discharge temperatures of the borehole storages are between 35 - 55 ° C. For storages with water as storage material (rock caverns, pits and water tanks), the temperatures are generally higher. The upper limits for the working temperatures in pit and hot water storage is 95 and 90 ° C respectively. The discharge temperatures for rock caverns vary between 65 and 82 ° C. With the exception of some high temperature storages, the reported working temperature of latent storages is up to 90 ° C and the discharge temperatures for thermochemical storages 30 - 120 ° C. The sensible storages are implemented centrally in their systems. Among the latent and thermochemical storages, the majority are placed centrally in their systems, but storages close to the property and mobile storages occur. At current investment cost, economically competitive alternatives to buffer tanks are questionable for storages where high effects are required. Borehole-, pit- and rock cavern storages are considered to have the potential to fit as long-term storage in district heating networks as they have relatively low investment costs per installed capacity and high storage capacities. Pit- and rock cavern storages could also be suitable for meeting short term variations as the storage medium, water, can theoretically reach high discharge power.Fjärrvärme är den vanligaste uppvärmningsformen i Sverige och som andra branscher står den för utmaningar i form av ökat resursutnyttjande och övergång till 100 % förnybara energikällor. Termiska energilager i fjärrvärmenät kan medföra flera fördelar, till exempel möjliggjord användning av överskottsenergi, minskning av utrustningsstorlek och kapacitet samt lastutjämning. Genom att ersätta spetslastutrustning kan termiska lager vara en viktig möjliggörare för system helt baserade på förnybar energi. I fjärrvärmenät idag används vanligen ackumulatortankar för utjämning av korttidsvariationer, andra lösningar är sällsynta. Denna studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap om alternativa termiska energilagers potential i fjärrvärmenät. Detta genom att sammanställa jämförbara parametrar för kommersialiserade lager och lager i utvecklingsfas. De parametrar som kartläggningen utgått ifrån är energitäthet [MWh/m3], effekttäthet [kW/m3], investeringskostnad per installerad lagringskapacitet [kSEK/MWh] och effekt [kSEK/kW], laddningstemperatur, urladdningstemperatur, och returtemperatur vid laddning [°C], verkningsgrad [%], systemintegration, drifttillgänglighet, implementering och miljöpåverkan/utsläpp. Bland de sensibla lagren har lagringsteknikerna akviferlager, borrhålslager, bergrumslager, groplager, hetvattenlager och trycksatta ackumulatortankar kartlagts. För latenta lager, som befinner sig i utvecklingsfas, har experiment, pilotanläggningar och studier kartlagts. Det samma gäller för termokemiska lager. För jämförelse med en fullt kommersialiserad teknik har data för ackumulatortankar sammanställts. Termokemiska lager baserade på sorption har högst energitäthet följt av hetvattenlager, latenta lager med oorganiska fasändringsmaterial, groplager och termokemiska lager som bygger på kemiska reaktioner utan sorption. Trycksatta ackumulatortankar har högst effekttäthet följt av latenta lager med oorganiska fasändringsmaterial, ackumulatortankar och termokemiska lager som bygger på sorption. Investeringskostnaden per installerad lagringskapacitet är markant lägre bland sensibla lager än bland latenta och termokemiska lager. Bland de sensibla lagren är investeringskostnaden lägst för borrhåls-, akvifer- och hetvattenlager. För latenta lager skiljer sig investeringspriset per installerad lagringskapacitet markant beroende på om fasändringsmaterialet är organiskt eller oorganiskt där de lager med organiskt fasändringsmaterial är behäftade med högre kostnader. Investeringskostnaden för de termokemiska lagren varierar men är generellt lägre än de latenta och högre än de sensiblal lagren. Investeringskostnaden per installerad effekt är lägst för ackumulatortankar följt av andra sensibla lager med vatten som lagringsmaterial (trycksatt ackumulatortank, groplager, bergrumslager och hetvattenlager). Resterande lager har flertal gånger (75 - 216) högre investeringskostnader per installerad effekt. Verkningsgrad för trycksatta ackumulatortankar, hetvattenlager, latenta lager och groplager är högst där alla har maximala värden över 80 %. Akvifer- och borrhålslager har verkningsgrader runt 50 % och för bergrumslager finns ett rapporterat värde för verkningsgrad på 65 %. För termokemiska lager saknas information om verkningsgrad. Temperaturnivåerna skiljer sig mellan de olika installationerna men sammanfattningsvis är temperaturerna för de svenska akviferlagren relativt låga men urladdningstemperaturer från 8 - 28 °C. Urladdningstemperaturerna för borrhålslagren är 35 – 55 °C. För de lager med vatten som lagringsmaterial (bergrumslager, groplager och vattentankar) är temperaturerna generellt högre. Övre gräns för groplagers och hetvattenlagers arbetstemperaturer är 95 respektive 90 °C, urladdningstemperaturerna för bergrumslager är mellan 65 och 82 °C. Med undantag för vissa hög-temperaturlager är arbetstemperaturerna för latenta lager upp till 90 °C och urladdningstemperaturerna för termokemiska lager 30 – 120 °C. De sensibla lagren är implementerade centralt i sina system. Bland de latenta och termokemiska lagren förekommer, förutom centralt placerade lager, även fastighetsnära och mobila lager. För lager där höga effekter efterfrågas är ekonomiskt konkurrenskraftiga alternativ till ackumulatortankar tveksamma idag. Borrhålslager, groplager och bergrumslager anses ha potential att passa som långtidslager i fjärrvärmenät då de har relativt låga investeringskostnader per installerad lagringskapacitet och höga lagringskapaciteter. Groplager och bergrumslager skulle eventuellt också kunna passa för utjämning av korttidsvariationer då lagringsmediet är vatten vilket teoretiskt kan uppnå höga urladdningseffekter.
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Sivertsen, Sebastian. "Termisk utmattning av verktygsstål." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43790.
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Ameli, Simone. "Impianti solari termici a concentrazione:analisi e simulazione numerica di un sistema di stoccaggio termico con materiali a cambiamento di fase." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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L’obiettivo della tesi, sviluppata presso i laboratori del C.R. ENEA di Casaccia, è lo sviluppo di un modello numerico per la simulazione di un sistema di accumulo termico operante con materiale a cambiamento di fase per impianti solari a concentrazione (CSP). Nella prima parte della tesi si analizza lo stato dell’arte della tecnologia CSP. Particolare attenzione è rivolta alle tecniche di stoccaggio e in particolare all'accumulo termico a calore latente con materiali a cambiamento di fase (PCM) come i sali fusi. Nella seconda parte è presentato il modello matematico realizzato in Matlab sviluppato per la caratterizzazione dell’accumulo termico a tubi verticali in cui il mezzo di accumulo è costituito da “sale solare”. Nella terza parte sono riportati i risultati delle analisi di sensibilità del modello alla discretizzazione spaziale e temporale della griglia di calcolo. Dalle simulazioni numeriche, condotte nella quarta parte della tesi, è risultato che nelle fasi di riscaldamento e raffreddamento, il processo avviene più lentamente per il PCM per via dello scambio termico tra olio e sali. Inoltre, in prossimità della temperatura di fusione, è identificata una zona a temperatura costante in cui il PCM inizia il processo di fusione migliorando il coefficiente di scambio tra olio e sali come evidenziato dal rateo di crescita molto elevato della temperatura immediatamente dopo la zona a temperatura costante. Nell'ultima parte è infine riportata la validazione del modello confrontando i risultati con le prove effettuate su un impianto sperimentale presente nel centro. Il modello sviluppato risulta un buon strumento per la simulazione di sistemi di accumulo con PCM, consentendo a tecnici del settore di realizzare una migliore progettazione rispetto a quella ottenibile con i modelli attualmente presenti. Tuttavia, un ulteriore miglioramento può essere conseguito identificando sperimentalmente il valore del coefficiente di scambio termico tra serbatoio e ambiente esterno.
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Kanapeckas, Irmantas. "Metaphorical Business Terms in the English Language and Their Translation into Lithuanian." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080929_113740-52455.
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Over a thousand English metaphorical business terms collected from Longman Business English Dictionary, Dictionary of Economics, Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics and The Encyclopedical Lithuanian-English Dictionary of Banking and Commerce are analyzed in the Master’s thesis. Since often the same English terms can have multiple equivalents in Lithuanian language, it is essential to choose and consistently use the same terminology when translating. However, the analysis of authentic contemporary translations of such terms collected from Translation Memory of the European Commission's Directorate General for Translation and Donelaitis Parallel Corpus demonstrates that this rule is often ignored and various translation strategies are employed. Furthermore, multitude of proposed translations of such terms in the dictionaries shows that Lithuanian business terminology is still under development, but tendency not to preserve metaphoricity can be observed.Magistro darbe nagrinėjama daugiau kaip tūkstantis metaforinių anglų kalbos verslo terminų, surinktų iš Longman Business English Dictionary, Ekonomikos terminų žodyno, Aiškinamojo ekonomikos anglų-lietuvių kalbų žodyno bei Lietuvių-anglų kalbų aiškinamojo bankinių ir komercinių terminų žodyno. Kadangi neretai tie patys angliški terminai lietuvių kalboje gali turėti kelis atitikmenis, verčiant ypač svarbu pasirinkti ir nuosekliai vartoti vienodą terminiją. Tačiau šiuolaikinių tokių terminų vertimų, surinktų iš Europos Komisijos generalinio vertimo direktorato vertimų atminčių bei Donelaičio lygiagrečiojo tekstyno, analizė rodo, kad ši taisyklė dažnai ignoruojama ir taikomos įvairios vertimo strategijos. Be to, žodynuose siūloma tokių terminų vertimų gausa rodo, kad lietuviškoji verslo terminija dar nėra nusistovėjusi, bet pastebima tendencija atsisakyti metaforiškumo.
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Crociani, Matteo. "Progettazione del sistema di isolamento termico per serbatoi criogenici." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Il presente elaborato, svolto in collaborazione con l’azienda Paresa S.p.A, ha come obiettivo lo sviluppo di un foglio di calcolo da impiegare nella progettazione del sistema di isolamento termico per serbatoi criogenici in cui viene stoccato gas naturale liquefatto alla temperatura di -165°C.
Lo studio effettuato riguarda principalmente la conduzione del calore all’interno di una parete composta da più strati di materiale diverso, con particolare attenzione ai fattori che influenzano la conducibilità termica dei principali materiali isolanti.
Infine, il foglio di calcolo sviluppato per poter essere validato viene applicato al più recente progetto realizzato dall’azienda, in modo da confrontare i risultati ottenuti con quelli della relazione di calcolo redatta dalla società di ingegneria a cui il progetto era stato commissionato.
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Rabello, Cleiton Eduardo. "Terminologia científica e terminologia técnico/tecnológica: um estudo contrastivo." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5379.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Pró-Sinos - Consórcio Público de Saneamento Básico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
Esta tese tem por objetivo a investigação dos processos de formação de termos, examinando-se como a dimensão cognitiva das diferentes áreas ou subáreas do conhecimento se mostra nas escolhas lexicais para a formação morfológica das unidades especializadas. Além disso, partimos do pressuposto de que os termos das grandes áreas especializadas, área científica e técnico/tecnológica, apresentam características distintas, mesmo que compartilhem algumas, o que justifica que sejam examinados de modos diferentes. A pesquisa se apoia nos fundamentos trazidos por Sager (1993), Temmerman (2000) e Cabré e Estopà (2007) em relação aos diferentes processos de formação terminológicas, que possibilitam a criação de termos. Partimos do pressuposto de que a dimensão cognitiva das áreas ou subáreas de especialidade exerce significativa influência na formação morfológica dos termos e que, devido a essa influência, os termos passam a refletir o conhecimento dos setores dos quais se originam. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por 240 termos selecionados a partir de glossários e dicionários especializados e de manuais técnicos de quatro diferentes subáreas especializadas: Dermatologia, Geologia, Indústria moveleira e setor de Manutenção, Reparo e Revisão de aeronaves (MRO). A análise partiu da organização dos termos de acordo com seus respectivos processos de formação morfológica. Depois disso, a partir de mapas conceituais desenvolvidos para cada setor de especialidade, analisou-se o papel da dimensão cognitiva nos processos de formação. Mediante a análise, foi possível identificar que os conhecimentos específicos de cada área são acionados na formação dos termos e que, através das escolhas morfológicas realizadas, se mostram nas unidades de especialidade. Além disso, foi possível identificar diferenças na configuração dos termos das diferentes áreas, o que justifica que sejam divididos em distintas categorias, científica e técnico/tecnológica, e que, a partir disso, sejam examinados de modo particular.
This thesis aims to investigate the formation processes of the terms, examining how the cognitive dimension of the different areas or subareas of knowledge are shown in lexical choices for the morphological formation of specialized units. Moreover, we assume that the terms of large specialized areas, scientific and technical/technological, have different characteristics, even though they share some, which justifies be examined by different ways. The research is based on the foundations brought by Sager (1993), Temmerman (2000) and Cabré and Estopà (2007), in relation to the different terminological processes that enable the creation of terms. We assumed that the cognitive dimension of the areas or subareas of specialty has significant influence on the morphological formation of terms and that due to this influence, the terms tend to reflect the knowledge of the sectors from which they originate. The corpus of the research consists of 240 terms that were selected from glossaries and specialized dictionaries and technical manuals of four different specialized sub-areas: Dermatology, Geology, Furniture industry and MRO sector. The analysis was started with the organization of the terms according to their morphological formation processes. After that, from conceptual maps developed for each specialty sector, we analyzed the role of cognitive dimension in the training process. With the analysis, it was possible to identify that the specific knowledge of each area is used during the formation of terms and, through morphological choices made, are shown in the specialty units. Moreover, it was possible to identify differences in the arrangement of the terms of different areas, which justifies that be divided into different categories, scientific and technical/technological, and, from that, may be examined in particular.
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Curado, Thiago Luiz. "Terms of trade, macroeconomic dynamics and default decisions." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13657.
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There is substantial evidence that terms of trade behavior are relevant to understand both the macroeconomic dynamics and the default risk of emerging markets. Nevertheless, the literature of sovereign debt that follows Eaton and Gerzovitz (1981) and Arellano (2008) has not yet adequately explored the connections between terms of trade and default incentives. We advance in this field, introducing terms of trade volatility to the model proposed by Mendoza and Yue (2012), where the sovereign debt decisions are linked to a general equilibrium model for the domestic economy. We find that an economy that faces stochastic terms of trade innovations can produce a consumption variability that highly exceeds the output variability, which is a key stylized fact of emerging markets business cycles. Our exercises also show that default episodes are driven by sudden shifts in the terms of trade but are no necessary related with bad times.
A evidência empírica aponta que Termos de Troca é uma variável relevante tanto para dinâmica macroeconômica como para o risco de default em países emergentes. No entanto, a literatura de dívida soberana baseada nos trabalhos de Eaton e Gerzovitz (1981) e Arellano (2008) ainda não explorou de forma adequada as conecções entre a dinâmica de termos de troca e incentivos ao default. Nós contribuímos nessa área, introduzindo volatilidade de Termos de Troca no modelo proposto por Mendoza e Yue (2012), no qual as decisões de dívida soberana são vinculadas à um modelo de equilíbrio geral para a economia doméstica. Nós encontramos que uma economia exposta à volatilidade dos termos de troca consegue produzir uma variabilidade do consumo que supera significativamente a variabilidade do produto, característica que constitui um fato estilizado chave de business cycles de países emergentes. Nossos exercícios também mostram que decisões de default são geradas por mudanças bruscas nos termos de troca, mas não necessariamente estão vinculados à estados ruins da economia.
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Albertazzi, Ugo. "Essays in banking." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209878.
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Cette thèse contient trois études sur le fonctionnement des banques.Le premier Chapitre analyse empiriquement comment la capacité d’offrir des emprunts à long terme est influencée par la dimension des intermédiaires financiers.
Le deuxième Chapitre analyse, avec un model théorique caractérisé par la présence de soft-budget constraint, ratchet effect et short-termism, comment la pression compétitive influence la capacité des banque de financer le firmes ayant des projets de bonne qualité.
Le troisième Chapitre examine, avec un model théorique du type moral hazard common agency, le conflits d'intérêts des banques universelles.
Financial intermediaries are recognized to promote the efficiency of resource allocation by mitigating problems of incentives, asymmetric information and contract incompleteness. The role played by financial intermediaries is considered so crucial that these institutions have received all over the world the greatest attention of regulators.
Across and within banking sectors it is possible to observe a wide variety of intermediaries. Banks may differ in their size, market power and degree of specialization. This variety raises interesting questions about the features of a well functioning banking sector. These questions have inspired an important body of economic literature which, however, is still inconclusive in many aspects. This dissertation includes three studies intending to contribute in this direction.
Chapter 1 will empirically study the willingness of smaller and larger lenders to grant long-term loans which, as credit to SME's, constitute an opaque segment of the credit market. Chapter 2 analyzes, with a theoretical model, the effects of competition on the efficiency of the banking sector when this is characterized by dynamic commitment issues which brings to excessive refinancing of bad quality investments (so called soft-budget constraint) or excessive termination of good ones (ratchet effect and short-termism). Chapter 3 presents a model to investigate to what extent the distortions posed by conflicts of interest in universal banks can be addressed through the provision of appropriate incentive schemes by the different categories of clients.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Villa, Valeria. "Analisi sperimentale e modellazione della conducibilità termica in materiali per la protezione passiva da incendio esterno." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5799/.
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Numerosi incidenti verificatisi negli ultimi dieci anni in campo chimico e petrolchimico sono dovuti all’innesco di sostanze infiammabili rilasciate accidentalmente: per questo motivo gli scenari incidentali legati ad incendi esterni rivestono oggigiorno un interesse crescente, in particolar modo nell’industria di processo, in quanto possono essere causa di ingenti danni sia ai lavoratori ed alla popolazione, sia alle strutture.
Gli incendi, come mostrato da alcuni studi, sono uno dei più frequenti scenari incidentali nell’industria di processo, secondi solo alla perdita di contenimento di sostanze pericolose. Questi eventi primari possono, a loro volta, determinare eventi secondari, con conseguenze catastrofiche dovute alla propagazione delle fiamme ad apparecchiature e tubazioni non direttamente coinvolte nell’incidente primario; tale fenomeno prende il nome di effetto domino. La necessità di ridurre le probabilità di effetto domino rende la mitigazione delle conseguenze un aspetto fondamentale nella progettazione dell’impianto.
A questo scopo si impiegano i materiali per la protezione passiva da fuoco (Passive Fire Protection o PFP); essi sono sistemi isolanti impiegati per proteggere efficacemente apparecchiature e tubazioni industriali da scenari di incendio esterno. L’applicazione dei materiali per PFP limita l’incremento di temperatura degli elementi protetti; questo scopo viene raggiunto tramite l’impiego di differenti tipologie di prodotti e materiali.
Tuttavia l’applicazione dei suddetti materiali fireproofing non può prescindere da una caratterizzazione delle proprietà termiche, in particolar modo della conducibilità termica, in condizioni che simulino l’esposizione a fuoco. Nel presente elaborato di tesi si è scelto di analizzare tre materiali coibenti, tutti appartenenti, pur con diversità di composizione e struttura, alla classe dei materiali inorganici fibrosi: Fibercon Silica Needled Blanket 1200, Pyrogel®XT, Rockwool Marine Firebatt 100. I tre materiali sono costituiti da una fase solida inorganica, differente per ciascuno di essi e da una fase gassosa, preponderante come frazione volumetrica. I materiali inorganici fibrosi rivestono una notevole importanza rispetto ad altri materiali fireproofing in quanto possono resistere a temperature estremamente elevate, talvolta superiori a 1000 °C, senza particolari modifiche chimico-fisiche. Questo vantaggio, unito alla versatilità ed alla semplicità di applicazione, li rende leader a livello europeo nei materiali isolanti, con una fetta di mercato pari circa al 60%.
Nonostante l’impiego dei suddetti materiali sia ormai una realtà consolidata nell’industria di processo, allo stato attuale sono disponibili pochi studi relativi alle loro proprietà termiche, in particolare in condizioni di fuoco.
L’analisi sperimentale svolta ha consentito di identificare e modellare il comportamento termico di tali materiali in caso di esposizione a fuoco, impiegando nei test, a pressione atmosferica, un campo di temperatura compreso tra 20°C e 700°C, di interesse per applicazioni fireproofing. Per lo studio delle caratteristiche e la valutazione delle proprietà termiche dei tre materiali è stata impiegata principalmente la tecnica Transient Plane Source (TPS), che ha consentito la determinazione non solo della conducibilità termica, ma anche della diffusività termica e della capacità termica volumetrica, seppure con un grado di accuratezza inferiore.
I test sono stati svolti su scala di laboratorio, creando un set-up sperimentale che integrasse opportunamente lo strumento Hot Disk Thermal Constants Analyzer TPS 1500 con una fornace a camera ed un sistema di acquisizione dati. Sono state realizzate alcune prove preliminari a temperatura ambiente sui tre materiali in esame, per individuare i parametri operativi (dimensione sensori, tempi di acquisizione, etc.) maggiormente idonei alla misura della conducibilità termica. Le informazioni acquisite sono state utilizzate per lo sviluppo di adeguati protocolli sperimentali e per effettuare prove ad alta temperatura.
Ulteriori significative informazioni circa la morfologia, la porosità e la densità dei tre materiali sono state ottenute attraverso stereo-microscopia e picnometria a liquido. La porosità, o grado di vuoto, assume nei tre materiali un ruolo fondamentale, in quanto presenta valori compresi tra 85% e 95%, mentre la frazione solida ne costituisce la restante parte. Inoltre i risultati sperimentali hanno consentito di valutare, con prove a temperatura ambiente, l’isotropia rispetto alla trasmissione del calore per la classe di materiali coibenti analizzati, l’effetto della temperatura e della variazione del grado di vuoto (nel caso di materiali che durante l’applicazione possano essere soggetti a fenomeni di “schiacciamento”, ovvero riduzione del grado di vuoto) sulla conducibilità termica effettiva dei tre materiali analizzati.
Analoghi risultati, seppure con grado di accuratezza lievemente inferiore, sono stati ottenuti per la diffusività termica e la capacità termica volumetrica. Poiché è nota la densità apparente di ciascun materiale si è scelto di calcolarne anche il calore specifico in funzione della temperatura, di cui si è proposto una correlazione empirica.
I risultati sperimentali, concordi per i tre materiali in esame, hanno mostrato un incremento della conducibilità termica con la temperatura, da valori largamente inferiori a 0,1 W/(m∙K) a temperatura ambiente, fino a 0,3÷0,4 W/(m∙K) a 700°C.
La sostanziale similitudine delle proprietà termiche tra i tre materiali, appartenenti alla medesima categoria di materiali isolanti, è stata riscontrata anche per la diffusività termica, la capacità termica volumetrica ed il calore specifico.
Queste considerazioni hanno giustificato l’applicazione a tutti i tre materiali in esame dei medesimi modelli per descrivere la conducibilità termica effettiva, ritenuta, tra le proprietà fisiche determinate sperimentalmente, la più significativa nel caso di esposizione a fuoco. Lo sviluppo di un modello per la conducibilità termica effettiva si è reso necessario in quanto i risultati sperimentali ottenuti tramite la tecnica Transient Plane Source non forniscono alcuna informazione sui contributi offerti da ciascun meccanismo di scambio termico al termine complessivo e, pertanto, non consentono una facile generalizzazione della proprietà in funzione delle condizioni di impiego del materiale. La conducibilità termica dei materiali coibenti fibrosi e in generale dei materiali bi-fasici tiene infatti conto in un unico valore di vari contributi dipendenti dai diversi meccanismi di scambio termico presenti: conduzione nella fase gassosa e nel solido, irraggiamento nelle superfici delle cavità del solido e, talvolta, convezione; inoltre essa dipende fortemente dalla temperatura e dalla porosità.
Pertanto, a partire dal confronto con i risultati sperimentali, tra cui densità e grado di vuoto, l’obiettivo centrale della seconda fase del progetto è stata la scelta, tra i numerosi modelli a disposizione in letteratura per materiali bi-fasici, di cui si è presentata una rassegna, dei più adatti a descrivere la conducibilità termica effettiva nei materiali in esame e nell’intervallo di temperatura di interesse, fornendo al contempo un significato fisico ai contributi apportati al termine complessivo. Inizialmente la scelta è ricaduta su cinque modelli, chiamati comunemente “modelli strutturali di base” (Serie, Parallelo, Maxwell-Eucken 1, Maxwell-Eucken 2, Effective Medium Theory) [1] per la loro semplicità e versatilità di applicazione. Tali modelli, puramente teorici, hanno mostrato al raffronto con i risultati sperimentali numerosi limiti, in particolar modo nella previsione del termine di irraggiamento, ovvero per temperature superiori a 400°C. Pertanto si è deciso di adottare un approccio semi-empirico: è stato applicato il modello di Krischer [2], ovvero una media pesata su un parametro empirico (f, da determinare) dei modelli Serie e Parallelo, precedentemente applicati. Anch’esso si è rivelato non idoneo alla descrizione dei materiali isolanti fibrosi in esame, per ragioni analoghe. Cercando di impiegare modelli caratterizzati da forte fondamento fisico e grado di complessità limitato, la scelta è caduta sui due recenti modelli, proposti rispettivamente da Karamanos, Papadopoulos, Anastasellos [3] e Daryabeigi, Cunnington, Knutson [4] [5].
Entrambi presentavano il vantaggio di essere stati utilizzati con successo per materiali isolanti fibrosi. Inizialmente i due modelli sono stati applicati con i valori dei parametri e le correlazioni proposte dagli Autori.
Visti gli incoraggianti risultati, a questo primo approccio è seguita l’ottimizzazione dei parametri e l’applicazione di correlazioni maggiormente idonee ai materiali in esame, che ha mostrato l’efficacia dei modelli proposti da Karamanos, Papadopoulos, Anastasellos e Daryabeigi, Cunnington, Knutson per i tre materiali analizzati.
Pertanto l’obiettivo finale del lavoro è stato raggiunto con successo in quanto sono stati applicati modelli di conducibilità termica con forte fondamento fisico e grado di complessità limitato che, con buon accordo ai risultati sperimentali ottenuti, consentono di ricavare equazioni predittive per la stima del comportamento, durante l’esposizione a fuoco, dei materiali fireproofing in esame.
Bologna,
Luglio 2013
Riferimenti bibliografici:
[1] Wang J., Carson J.K., North M.F., Cleland D.J., A new approach to modelling the effective thermal conductivity of heterogeneous materials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49 (2006) 3075-3083.
[2] Krischer O., Die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Trocknungstechnik (The Scientific Fundamentals of Drying Technology), Springer-Verlag, Berlino, 1963.
[3] Karamanos A., Papadopoulos A., Anastasellos D., Heat Transfer phenomena in fibrous insulating materials. (2004) Geolan.gr
http://www.geolan.gr/sappek/docs/publications/article_6.pdf Ultimo accesso: 1 Luglio 2013.
[4] Daryabeigi K., Cunnington G. R., and Knutson J. R., Combined Heat Transfer in High-Porosity High-Temperature Fibrous Insulation:
Theory and Experimental Validation. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 25 (2011) 536-546.
[5] Daryabeigi K., Cunnington G.R., Knutson J.R., Heat Transfer Modeling for Rigid High-Temperature Fibrous Insulation. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer. AIAA Early Edition/1 (2012).
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Caleffi, Vanessa. "A legislação brasileira na conservação das áreas úmidas - compilação de termos e definições." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2308.
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O presente artigo pretende estudar as áreas úmidas, trazendo sua definição e identificação, além de suas funções e importâncias. Um histórico a respeito das leis que envolvem esse tipo de ecossistema está incluído neste trabalho, juntamente com as legislações brasileiras, em nível federal e estadual, voltadas às áreas de preservação permanente ou a conservação de áreas úmidas. Os principais resultados deste estudo encontram-se sob a forma de artigo científico, complementado com anexos onde se destaca a presença de um glossário de termos de áreas úmidas. As considerações finais da dissertação estão fundamentadas nos resultados encontrados que forneceram subsídios importantes e adicionais para a preservação de áreas úmidas.
This article aims to explore the wetlands, bringing its definition and identification, in addition to his duties and importance. A history to the laws involving this type of ecosystem is included in this work, together with the Brazilian laws, in federal and state level, focusing on areas of permanent preservation or conservation of wetlands. The main results of this study are found in the form of scientific article, supplemented with attachments where highlights the presence of a glossary of terms of wetlands. The final of the dissertation are based on results that provide important and additional allowances for the preservation of wetlands.
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Marzari, Marica. "Utilizzo della modellazione energetica per ottimizzare le scelte progettuali di involucro. Il caso studio del nuovo centro residenziale a Pieve di Cento." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17554/.
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Nel seguente elaborato di tesi è stata eseguita una lottizzazione nel Comune di Pieve di Cento (BO), sono stati scelte le stratigrafie delle componenti opache, i componenti vetrati gli impianti e le fonti rinnovabili in modo tale che tutte le unità immobiliari risultassero nZeb. E' quindi stato mostrato il procedimento che ha portato le diverse scelte progettuali eseguito su un software di simulazione energetica in condizioni semi-stazionarie, necessario per attribuire la classe energetica alle unità immobiliare, le quali sono risultate tutte in classe A4.
Successivamente con l'ausilio del software Design Builder è stato creato un modello dinamico, con lo scopo di valutare le condizioni delle u.i in relazione alle diverse temperature orarie; si sono così valutati i consumi durante la stagione invernale ed estiva per i tre edifici modellati, relazionandoli con l'energia prodotta dal fotovoltaico posto in copertura.
Con lo scopo di diminuire ulteriormente i consumi sono state proposte due diverse stratigrafie di pareti. E' stato creato un nuovo modello in condizioni semi-stazionarie per le due casistiche e si è osservato come i consumi diminuissero ulteriormente. A partire dal modello semi-stazionario si è individuata la stratigrafia più performante e si è implementata su Design Builder ciò ha permesso di valutare le diminuzioni in termini di consumi orari per i tre edifici.
Infine è stata definita la stratigrafia in grado di garantire un miglior comfort nella stagione estiva e si è dimostrato come essa riesca a far ridurre notevolmente il numero di giorni in cui è necessario che sia attivo l'impianto di raffrescamento.
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Moita, Carina Teixeira. "Caracterização da atividade bactericida da água termal do Cró." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7969.
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Mestrado em MicrobiologiaAs águas minerais em Portugal têm uma longa tradição, fazendo parte da cultura e herança do nosso país. A riqueza hidromineral de apreciável valor, não só pela quantidade de nascentes como também pela qualidade das águas, tem permitido a sua utilização no termalismo, tanto na vertente medicinal como turística. Atualmente, a eficácia terapêutica das águas termais é, na generalidade, reconhecida. No entanto, os mecanismos da sua ação permanecem em grande parte desconhecidos, assim como a sua capacidade bactericida, in vitro. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar a atividade bactericida da água termal. Pretendeu-se ainda inferir quanto à suscetibilidade das bactérias no que concerne à água termal. Para o efeito, foram preparados meios Tripto Caseína Soja (TCS) com diferentes percentagens de água termal, sendo posteriormente usados para cultivar isolados bacterianos, selecionados de utentes da comunidade local e hospitalar. A recolha da amostra decorreu no período de dezembro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, perfazendo um total de 60 isolados bacterianos. A análise dos resultados mostrou que o crescimento bacteriano foi menor no meio TCS com 100% de água termal. No entanto, apenas foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para a bactéria S. aureus. O teor desta bactéria aumentou à medida que diminuiu a percentagem de água termal do meio. Verificou-se ainda que as estirpes A. baumannii e P. aeruginosa cresceram em meio Pastagar B com água desionizada e com água termal, apesar de não serem observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. O presente estudo permitiu evidenciar que a água termal diminuiu o crescimento de S. aureus, sugerindo a sua potencial aplicação como coadjuvante no tratamento local de infeções por esta bactéria. No entanto, sugerem-se novos estudos, no sentido de perceber de que forma a água termal interfere no crescimento de S. aureus e se é específica para esta estirpe ou se também se observa com outras bactérias Gram-positivo.
In Portugal the mineral waters have a long tradition, being part of the culture and heritage of our country. The hydromineral resources of appreciable value, not only due to the amount of springs but also the quality of water, have allowed its use in hydrotherapy, both in the medical and touristic aspects. Currently, the therapeutic efficacy of thermal waters is generally recognized. However, the mechanisms of their action remain largely unknown, as well as their in vitro bactericidal capacity. Thus, the main objetive of this study was to analyze the bactericidal activity of the thermal water. It was also intended to infer the susceptibility of bacterium in relation to the thermal water. For this purpose, culture Trypto-Casein-Soy (TCS) mediums with different percentages of thermal water were prepared, which were subsequently used to cultivate bacterial isolates, chosen from the local community and hospital patients. The sample collection took place from December 2010 to February 2011, ending up with a total of 60 bacterial isolates. The analysis of the results showed that the bacterial growth was lower in the TCS medium with 100% of thermal water. However, statistically significant differences were only observed on the bacteria S. aureus. The content of this bacteria increased as the percentage of thermal water in the medium decreased. It was also evidenced that the strains A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa grew in Pastagar B medium with deionized water and with thermal water, despite the fact that statistically significant differences were not observed. Through this study it became evident that the thermal water decreased the growth of S. aureus, suggesting its potential use as an adjuvant to local treatment of infections by this bacterium. Nevertheless, new studies have to be performed in order to understand how the thermal water interferes with the growth of S. aureus and if it is specific to this strain or if it extends to other Gram-positive bacteria.