Relevant bibliographies by topics / Termites Sols

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Termites Sols'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Termites Sols"

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Li, Ying, Zhi-Yong Dong, Dong-Zi Pan, Cun-Hong Pan, and Lai-Hua Chen. "Effects of Termites on Soil pH and Its Application for Termite Control in Zhejiang Province, China." Sociobiology 64, no. 3 (October 17, 2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v64i3.1674.

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Soil dwelling termites dig nests in the ground that have a significant impact on the soil environment. Activities of termites can result in accumulation of organic matter and enrichment of nutrients and minerals in the soil. Samples from the nest/surrounding soils of two termite species (Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) and Reticulitermes flaviceps (Oshima)) and termite non-invaded soils in the seawall of the Qiantang River, Zhejiang Province, China were collected and analysed for soil pH. The results show that the observed termites prefer an acidic environment and that their activities elevate the pH of termite mound soil compared with surrounding soil. Considering the differences in the distribution areas, termite species, and properties of termite mounds and surrounding soils, this paper also examines the literature concerning the effects of termites on soil pH. After summarizing the pH of the termite survival soil environment, the feasibility of termite control by modifying the soil pH is addressed. Finally, some topics for future research are discussed.
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Garnier-Sillam, E., E. Braudeau, and D. Tessier. "R�le des termites sur le spectre poral des sols forestiers tropicaux. Cas deThoracotermes macrothorax Sj�stedt (Termitinae) et deMacrotermes m�lleri(Sj�stedt) (Macrotermitinae)." Insectes Sociaux 38, no. 4 (December 1991): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01241874.

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Holt, JA, LN Robertson, and BJ Radford. "Effects of tillage and stubble residue treatments on termite activity in two central Queensland vertosols." Soil Research 31, no. 3 (1993): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930311.

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The effects of tillage and stubble residue management practices on the activity and composition of the termite fauna of some central Queensland Vertosols has been examined, using a combination of spade sampling, baiting and deep coring techniques. Uncultivated Vertisols , previously thought to be devoid of termites, are now known to support at least five species of subterranean termites. They are Amitermes obtusidens Mjoberg, A. agrilus Gay, Microcerotermes serratus (Froggatt), Heterotermes paradoxus (Froggatt) and Termes sp. Clearing and cultivation for dryland cropping virtually eliminated termites from these soils. The adoption of zero till and stubble retention practices however, resulted in the re-appearance of subterranean termites. The implications of increased termite activity in cropping soils are also discussed.
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Sarcinelli, Tathiane Santi, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer, Elpídio Inácio Fernandes Filho, Reginaldo Gonçalves Mafia, and Andreza Viana Neri. "Soil modification by termites in a sandy-soil vegetation in the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 5 (August 28, 2013): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000497.

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Abstract:Termites play a critical role in the regulation of soil processes, for example, water retention, nutrient cycling, and the formation and maintenance of soil structure. There is a consensus that mound-building termites modify physical and chemical soil properties in clay soils, but there is limited investigation into their influence for sandy soils in the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. We tested the hypotheses that the termitosphere effectively improves properties of sandy soil, and that the role of termite soil particle selection is of greater importance in soils with higher sand concentration and lower nutrient status. The work was conducted in three vegetation physiognomies: woodland, savanna and grassland. In the woodland physiognomy we sampled in the border and in the interior, totalling four studied areas. We described a soil profile and collected five samples of termitaria and surface soil in each area. Also, in three 100-m2 plots allotted in each area, termite-mound density and volume were estimated, and termites were collected for taxonomic identification. Soil samples were submitted to physical and chemical analysis, and regression models were employed to analyse termite particle selection ability in different soil conditions. In most areas, the concentrations of nutrients, organic carbon and clay-size particles were significantly higher in termite mounds than in surface soils. On a weight basis, termite mounds had up to 32 times more nutrients, 12 times more organic carbon, and five times more clay than surrounding soils, however, aluminium toxicity was lower in termite mounds. Regression models demonstrated that the role of termites in soil particle selection is of greater ecological importance with decreasing soil nutrient status and increasing sand concentration. Therefore, termites greatly improve soil properties, representing truly ecosystem engineers in sandy soils, with an average soil turnover by mound-building activity reaching 10.5 m3 ha−1.
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Coventry, RJ, JA Holt, and DF Sinclair. "Nutrient cycling by mound building termites in low fertility soils of semi-arid tropical Australia." Soil Research 26, no. 2 (1988): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880375.

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The capacity of three species of mound-building termites, Amitermes vitiosus Hill, Drepanotermes perniger (Froggatt), and Tumulitermes pastinator (Froggatt), to turn over plant nutrients was quantified in a semi-arid tropical woodland near Charters Towers in north-eastern Queensland. Various chemical attributes of the red and yellow earth soils, of low inherent fertility and unmodified by recent termite activity, are compared with those of the mounds of the three termite species and with the underlying, termite-modified soils. The mounds contain 21 Mg ha-l of soil, representing only 1% of the total mass of soil in the Al soil horizon but 5-7% of the plant nutrients in this system. Nutrients in the termite mounds, temporarily withheld from plant growth, are eventually returned to the soil surface by erosion of abandoned mounds. We estimate that the termites can turnover annually 300-400 kg ha-1 of soil material with nutrient levels 2-7 times that of the Al soil horizon.
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Echezona, B. C., C. A. Igwe, and L. A. Attama. "Properties of Arboreal Ant and Ground-Termite Nests in relation to Their Nesting Sites and Location in a Tropical-Derived Savanna." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/235840.

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Ecosystem engineers such as ants and termites play an important role in the fertility of tropical soils. Physicochemical analyses were thus carried out on some arboreal ant nests collected from mango (Mangifera indica), bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis), kola (Cola nitida), newbouldia plant (Newbouldia laevis), and oil bean plant (Pentaclethra macrophylla) and on ground nest of termite,Odontotermes sudanensisSjost. (Isoptera: Termitidae) in Nigeria. Arboreal nests, particularly those ofM. indica, were significantly richer in the chemical constituents sampled, compared to those of ground-termite nests or adjacent unaffected soils. Available water capacity of nests fromM. indica(60.0%) was significantly higher than those of other sites or locations sampled. While biogenic structures were sandy-loamy in texture, their corresponding adjacent soils were either sandy or sandy-loamy. Soils worked by ants and termites had greater proportions of silt-sized (17.9 versus 9.7) and clay-sized (19.2 versus 9.3) to the detriment of coarse-sized particles (51.2 versus 60.9) and fine-sand-sized particles (11.7 versus 20.1) relative to the adjacent soils. Generally, biogenic structures were about 348% richer in P than their corresponding adjacent soils; an attribute, which holds a strong promise in bioremediation and biofortification of soils especially during amendment.
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Cunha, Hélida Ferreira da, and Pedro Paulo Aquino Moura Morais. "Relação Espécie-Área em Cupinzeiros de Pastagem, Goiânia-GO, Brasil." EntomoBrasilis 3, no. 3 (November 15, 2010): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v3i3.102.

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O desmatamento no Cerrado para a formação de pastagens e criação de rebanhos bovinos tem prejudicado a diversidade e a conservação das espécies de cupins. A presença de cupinzeiros em pastagens está associada a solos degradados, mas a maioria das espécies atua como consumidores primários e decompositores, auxiliando na ciclagem de nutrientes, aeração e formação do solo. Se os cupinzeiros correspondem a “ilhas” inseridas na matriz da pastagem, então, diferentes tamanhos de cupinzeiros podem agrupar diferentes números de espécies. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estimar a relação espécie-área em cupinzeiros epígeos de uma pastagem em uma área periférica do município de Goiânia-GO. O estudo foi executado em um hectare da pastagem, todos os cupinzeiros foram contados e mensurados (circunferência da base) para calcular a área da base (m²). Outras espécies habitantes do ninho foram amostradas em 10% dos cupinzeiros. A maioria dos cupinzeiros era de Cornitermes snyderi Emerson, que abrigava outras espécies de cupins inquilinos e de termitófilos. Nos cupinzeiros maiores e mais antigos da pastagem há uma tendência em encontrar um maior número de espécies de cupins e de termitófilos, em uma relação de cerca de cinco espécies para quase 3m² (S= 5,13*A2,8). Embora visualmente as pastagens estejam repletas de cupinzeiros, a maioria das espécies que habitam os cupinzeiros colabora com a decomposição de matéria seca e reciclagem de nutrientes para a pastagem. Por isso, a presença de cupinzeiros na paisagem contribui para a preservação de diferentes espécies do bioma. Specie-Area Relationship of Termite Nests of the Pasture, Goiânia-GO, Brazil Abstract. Deforestation in the Cerrado for pastures and livestock raising cattle has damaged the diversity and conservation of the termite species. The presence of termite nests in pastures is associated with degraded soils, but most species acts as primary consumers and decomposers, assisting in the cycling of nutrients, aeration and soil formation. If termites are “islands” inserted in the matrix of pasture, so, different sized termite nests can group different numbers of species. The aim of this study was to estimate the species-area relationship in termite nests of the pasture in a peripheral area of the municipality of Goiânia-GO. The study was performed on one hectare of pasture, all termite nests were counted and measured (circumference of the base) to calculate the base area (m²). Other species inhabiting the termite nests were sampled in 10% of the nests of the pasture. Most of the nests were of Cornitermes snyderi Emerson, which sheltered other inquiline termite species and termitophiles. In oldest and largest termite mounds of the pasture there is a tendency to find a superior number of species of inquiline termites and termitophiles, at a ratio of about five species for almost 3m² (S= 5.13*A2, 8). Although visually the pastures are full of termite nests, the majority of species inhabiting the nest collaborates with the decomposition of dry matter and recycling nutrients to the pasture. Therefore, the presence of termites in the landscape contributes to the preservation of various species of the biome.
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Jones, Julia Allen. "Termites, soil fertility and carbon cycling in dry tropical Africa: a hypothesis." Journal of Tropical Ecology 6, no. 3 (August 1990): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400004533.

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ABSTRACTTermites, particularly the mound building, fungus growing Macrotermitinae, reach densities of up to 400 termites m−2in soils of dry tropical Africa. The influence of Macrotermi tinae in increasing certain soil nutrients in mounds compared to adjacent soils has been documented, but the links between litter harvesting by termites, soil fertility, and global C cycling have not been explored. This study reviews the evidence from soil science, ecology and atmos pheric chemistry and generates hypotheses to explain the role of termites in dry tropical eco systems. It is suggested that termite activity exhaustively partitions litterfall among adjacent com peting colonies, where it is so thoroughly decomposed that little or no organic C is incorporated into the soils. Associated N, P, and cations build up in the mounds, but C apparently is emitted as CO2and CH4from the mounds. While not adequate to calculate nutrient fluxes through termites, the data available support the argument that termites contribute significantly to atmospheric fluxes of CO2and CH4. Moreover, they suggest a coupling of regional soil forming processes and the global C budget.
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Tokuda, Gaku, and Hirofumi Watanabe. "Hidden cellulases in termites: revision of an old hypothesis." Biology Letters 3, no. 3 (March 20, 2007): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0073.

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The intestinal flagellates of termites produce cellulases that contribute to cellulose digestion of their host termites. However, 75% of all termite species do not harbour the cellulolytic flagellates; the endogenous cellulase secreted from the midgut tissue has been considered a sole source of cellulases in these termites. Using the xylophagous flagellate-free termites Nasutitermes takasagoensis and Nasutitermes walkeri , we successfully solubilized cellulases present in the hindgut pellets. Zymograms showed that the hindguts of these termites possessed several cellulases and contained up to 59% cellulase activity against crystalline cellulose when compared with the midgut. Antibiotic treatment administered to N. takasagoensis significantly reduced cellulase activity in the hindgut, suggesting that these cellulases were produced by symbiotic bacteria.
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Fall, Saliou, Jérôme Hamelin, Farma Ndiaye, Komi Assigbetse, Michel Aragno, Jean Luc Chotte, and Alain Brauman. "Differences between Bacterial Communities in the Gut of a Soil-Feeding Termite (Cubitermes niokoloensis) and Its Mounds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 16 (June 15, 2007): 5199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02616-06.

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ABSTRACT In tropical ecosystems, termite mound soils constitute an important soil compartment covering around 10% of African soils. Previous studies have shown (S. Fall, S. Nazaret, J. L. Chotte, and A. Brauman, Microb. Ecol. 28:191-199, 2004) that the bacterial genetic structure of the mounds of soil-feeding termites (Cubitermes niokoloensis) is different from that of their surrounding soil. The aim of this study was to characterize the specificity of bacterial communities within mounds with respect to the digestive and soil origins of the mound. We have compared the bacterial community structures of a termite mound, termite gut sections, and surrounding soil using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis and cloning and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. DGGE analysis revealed a drastic difference between the genetic structures of the bacterial communities of the termite gut and the mound. Analysis of 266 clones, including 54 from excised bands, revealed a high level of diversity in each biota investigated. The soil-feeding termite mound was dominated by the Actinobacteria phylum, whereas the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla dominate the gut sections of termites and the surrounding soil, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a distinct clustering of Actinobacteria phylotypes between the mound and the surrounding soil. The Actinobacteria clones of the termite mound were diverse, distributed among 10 distinct families, and like those in the termite gut environment lightly dominated by the Nocardioidaceae family. Our findings confirmed that the soil-feeding termite mound (C. niokoloensis) represents a specific bacterial habitat in the tropics.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Termites Sols"

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Duboisset, Arnaud Garnier-Zarli Evelyne. "L'importance agricole des termitières épigées dans le nord du Cameroun l'exemple des nids de Macrotermes subhyalinus et d'Odontotermes magdalenae /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2003. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0215008.htm.

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Roose-Amsaleg, Céline Harry Myriam. "Diversité microbienne des termitières de Cubitermes (Isoptères, Termitidae) et des sols d'une forêt gabonaise." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0394940.htm.

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Thèse de doctorat : Écologie microbienne : Paris 12 : 2003.
Version électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 301 réf.
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Garnier-Sillam, Evelyne. "Biologie et rôle des termites dans les processus d'humification des sols forestiers tropicaux du Congo." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120005.

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L'etude du metabolisme digestif de quatre especes de termites a regimes alimentaires differents (thoracotermes macrothorax, macrotermes muelleri, nasutitermes lujae et sphaerotermes sphaerothorax) a permis de montrer que la matiere organique vegetale, subit une succession de decompositions et de syntheses c'est a dire une humification sous l'action mecanique et enzymatique du termite et de sa microflore symbiotique associee. Ces transformations aboutissent a differentes fractions humifiees (acides fulviques, acides humiques et humine) et chez les especes, qui par leur comportement de construction ou de nutrition integrent simultanement des particules minerales, a l'apparition de micro-agregats, premiers maillons dans la formation d'une structure et donc d'un sol
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Maiga, Oumar. "Etude hydro-dynamique et mécanique de sols organiques rigides : le cas des termitières." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0072.

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Ce travail porte sur des matériaux provenant de nids de termites (genres Cubitermes et Trinervitermes) du Mali. Sur l' ensemble des travaux consacrés aux termitières, peu d'auteurs ont mis l'accent sur la tenue à l'eau des matériaux, encore moins sur le comportement mécanique. Une des difficultés majeur du point de vue Génie civil, réside dans l'hétérogénéité des matériaux. Cette hétérogénéité est double. Elle concerne la nature des constituants (minéral, organique, vides) et leur distribution spatiale. L'étude des influences respectives de ces éléments sur le comportement mécanique et hydrique des matériaux est rendue possible par l'établissement d'une méthodologie incluant d'une part, les méthodes de la Géotechnique, de la Science du sol et de la construction en terre, et d'autre part, une étude identique sur matériau remanié qui sert de référence. La synthèse des résultats expérimentaux passe par l'analyse macroscopique et microscopique des matériaux
This work was carried out on samples of various termite nests (genus Cubitermes and Trinervitenues) of Mali. In papers that have been written on termite nests, very few authors have stressed the importance of structural stability and even less so, the mechanical behaviour of these materials. One of the major difficulties for Civil engineers is the heterogeneity of the material. This heterogeneity is twofold: concerning both the nature of the components (mineral, organic, void) and their spatial distribution. Study of the respective influences ' that these elements have on the mechanical and hydric behaviour of the material is made possible by establishing a methodology. This includes, on the one hand, geotechnic, earth construction and pedology methods and, on the other hand, an identical stud on reworked material which serves as a reference. The results of the experiments are interpreted after analysing the material at macroscopic and microscopic edges
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Reatto, Adriana Bruand Ary Brossard Michel. "Nature et propriétés de l'horizon diagnostic de Latosols du Plateau Central brésilien." S. l. : Orléans, 2009. ftp://ftp.univ-orleans.fr/theses/adriana.reattodossantosbraga_1710.pdf.

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Fall, Saliou. "Réponse des communautés microbiennes d'un sol sahélien à la modification de ses habitats : cas de l'activité de construction d'un termite humivore Cubitermes niokoloensis." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10101.

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L'objectif de ce travail est de caractériser l'impact des activités de construction d'un termite humivore (Cubitermes niokoloensis) sur la communauté microbienne d'un sol de savane sub-saharienne. La termitière a été considérée comme un site microbien hétérogène à l'échelle des compartiments du nid (murailles interne et externe) ainsi qu'à l'échelle des microhabitats (agrégats). Par rapport au sol de savane, la termitière est considérablement enrichie en carbone (5 fois), azote (10 fois) et carbonhydrate (4 fois). Elle est également enrichie (5 fois) en particules fines (argiles et limons). L'activité de construction des termites humivores résulte en la formation de deux nouveaux micro-environnements dans les agrégats limoneux-sableux (20-50 micromètres ; 50-200 micromètres) où sont concentrés respectivement près de 50 % du carbone total et 37 % du glucose total du nid. L'activité de construction des termites a pour conséquence une augmentation significative de la densité (2,5 fois) et de la distribution des bactéries surtout dans les agrégats grossiers (>20 micromètres). L'analyse de la structure génétique par inventaire moléculaire (DGGE, RISA) démontre, quelle que soit l'échelle d'analyse, la grande spécificité de la communauté microbienne du nid principalement composée d'actinomycètes. Cette étude démontre que, via leurs activités de construction, les termites humivores constituent un ingénieur de l'écosystème modèle en savane en modifiant profondément et durablement les habitats microbiens du sol. Le rôle possible de cet îlot de fertilité au sein de la savane est discuté.
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Thomas, Fabien Garnier-Zarli Evelyne. "Rôle de deux ingénieurs de l'écosystème le termite Cornitermes sp. et l'annélide Andiodrilus pachoensis sur le fonctionnement du sol dans le Sud-est amazonien /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0246057.pdf.

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Cheik, Sougueh Sougueh. "Rôle fonctionnel des termites champignonnistes sur la structure des sols tropicaux et leur fonctionnement hydrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS353.

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L’étude de l'impact des ingénieurs écologiques du sol est nécessaire à la définition de pratiques agricoles durables, en particulier sous les tropiques. Cette thèse pose la question de l’influence des termites champignonnistes sur les dynamiques du sol et de l’eau le long d’un gradient pédoclimatique allant du Sud de l’Inde au Nord du Vietnam. Ce travail de thèse confirme dans un premier temps l’impact positif des termites sur l’infiltration de l’eau dans le sol. Bien que l’importance de cet effet varie selon les conditions pédoclimatiques et selon la biodiversité des autres espèces ingénieures (termites vs. coléoptères et vers de terre), les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de démontrer que la stimulation de l’activité des termites est également possible à condition d’utiliser des substrats organiques spécifiques. Dans une seconde partie, ce travail de thèse a porté sur l’architecture porale et la stabilité des galeries grâce à des reconstructions 3D à partir d’images obtenues par tomographie à rayons X. Les galeries de termites ont été comparées avec celle des scarabées et des vers de terre dépendamment des milieux considérés et leurs conséquences sur les transferts d’eau ont été étudiées. L’application de ces méthodes nous a permis de mieux décrire le réseau poral mais aussi de démontrer l’importance de prendre en compte la dynamique des galeries pour mieux appréhender de la dynamique de l’eau dans les sols
The definition of sustainable agricultural practices calls for the study of the ecological impact of soil ecological engineers, especially in the tropics. This thesis raises the question of the influence of fungus-growing termites on soil and water dynamics along a pedoclimatic gradient from southern India to northern Vietnam. First, this thesis work confirms the positive impact of termites on soil water infiltration. Although the extent of this effect varies according to pedoclimatic conditions and to the biodiversity of soil engineers (termites vs. beetles and earthworms). The results obtained have enabled us to demonstrate that stimulation of termite activity is possible if specific organic substrates are used. In a second chapter, this thesis focused on the architecture and stability of galleries through the use of 3D image analyses obtained from computer assisted tomography. Termite galleries were compared with those of beetles and earthworms and their effects on water transfers were studied. The application of these methods have enabled us to better describe the poral network, as well as to demonstrate the importance of taking into account the dynamic of the galleries for a better understanding water dynamic in soil
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Garnier-Sillam, Evelyne. "Biologie et rôle des termites dans les processus d'humification des sols forestiers tropicaux du Congo." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376052840.

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Duboisset, Arnaud. "L'importance agricole des termitières épigées dans le nord du Cameroun : l'exemple des nids de Macrotermes subhyalinus et d'Odontotermes magdalenae." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002150080204611&vid=upec.

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Cette étude vise à décrire les caractéristiques agropédologiques des nids de M. Subhyalinus et d'O. Magdalenae et à déterminer leur importance dans deux agrosystèmes du nord du Cameroun. Elle montre que les propriétés pédologiques des nids font de ces stations un élément indépendant du découpage du parcellaire et de la conduite des itinéraires techniques. Dans les sols ferrugineux de piémont, les nids de Macrotermes génèrent de véritables îlots de fertilité desquels sont dégagées des productions substantielles en céréale. En redistribuant des argiles 2/1 en surface du sol, ils augmentent la CEC et les teneurs en cations échangeables, tout en favorisant la structuration des horizons superficiels. Dans les vertisols, les nids d'Odontotermes détruits se singularisent par une forte macroporosité qui leurs confère un comportement hydrique et mécanique spécifique. L'hétérogénéité ainsi créée est valorisée pour réduire la durée des pépinières de muskuwaari et étaler les chantiers de repiquage
This work aims to describe the agropedologic characteristics of the mounds built by M. Subhyalinus and O. Magdalenae and to specify their role in two farming systems of the north of Cameroon. It shows that the singular pedological properties of the nests put these stations as an area independent of the field pattern and the crop managment. On an arenitic alfisol, the mounds of Macrotermes create true islands of fertility from which substantial productions of cereals are obtained. By redistribuiting 2/1 clays on the soil surface, they increase the CEC and the contents of exchangeable cations, while promoting structuring processes. On a vertisol, the mounds of Odontotermes, after their pulling-down, are made conspicuous by a strong macroporosity which confer theni specific water retention and particular mechanical behavior. Heterogeneity thus created s used to reduce the time required for seedbeds of muskuwaari and to lengthen the operations of the transplanting of sorghum
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Books on the topic "Termites Sols"

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The identification of worker castes of termite genera from soils of Africa and the Middle East. Oxon: Cab International in association with Natural Resources International, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Termites Sols"

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Mulrooney, J. E., T. L. Wagner, and P. D. Gerard. "Fipronil: Toxicity to Subterranean Termites and Dissipation in Soils." In ACS Symposium Series, 107–23. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1015.ch009.

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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_1.

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AbstractThe rapidly changing global climate due to increased emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) is leading to an increased occurrence of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves. The three major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The major natural sources of CO2 include ocean–atmosphere exchange, respiration of animals, soils (microbial respiration) and plants, and volcanic eruption; while the anthropogenic sources include burning of fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, and oil), deforestation, and the cultivation of land that increases the decomposition of soil organic matter and crop and animal residues. Natural sources of CH4 emission include wetlands, termite activities, and oceans. Paddy fields used for rice production, livestock production systems (enteric emission from ruminants), landfills, and the production and use of fossil fuels are the main anthropogenic sources of CH4. Nitrous oxide, in addition to being a major GHG, is also an ozone-depleting gas. N2O is emitted by natural processes from oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic N2O emissions occur mostly through agricultural and other land-use activities and are associated with the intensification of agricultural and other human activities such as increased use of synthetic fertiliser (119.4 million tonnes of N worldwide in 2019), inefficient use of irrigation water, deposition of animal excreta (urine and dung) from grazing animals, excessive and inefficient application of farm effluents and animal manure to croplands and pastures, and management practices that enhance soil organic N mineralisation and C decomposition. Agriculture could act as a source and a sink of GHGs. Besides direct sources, GHGs also come from various indirect sources, including upstream and downstream emissions in agricultural systems and ammonia (NH3) deposition from fertiliser and animal manure.
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Juo, Anthony S. R., and Kathrin Franzluebbers. "Soil Biology and Microbiology." In Tropical Soils. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195115987.003.0008.

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Soil organisms are fauna and flora that spend all or part of their life in the soil. They play a vital role in the maintenance of soil fertility through processes such as the accumulation of soil organic matter, soil aggregation, and the mineralization of organic matter which releases nutrients available to higher plants. Moreover, many antibiotics are produced from microorganisms isolated from soils. Soil fauna include macrofauna (> 2 mm in width, such as mice, earthworms, termites, and millipedes), through mesofauna (0.2-2 mm, such as collembola and mites), to microfauna (<0.2 mm, such as nematodes and protozoa). Soil flora include macroflora (such as the roots of higher plants), and microflora (such as algae, fungi, actinomycetes, and bacteria). The activities of soil fauna and flora are intimately related in what ecologists call a food chain or, more accurately, a food web. Higher plants play the role of primary producers by using water and energy from the sun, and carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide to make organic molecules and living tissues. Soil organisms that eat live plants, such as mice or termites, are called herbivores. Most soil organisms, however, use the debris of dead tissues left by plants and animals (detritus) as their source of food, and are called detritivores. Soil organisms that consume live animals, such as centipedes, mites, spiders, or nematodes, are predators and are called carnivores. Some organisms that live off, but do not consume, other organisms are called parasites. Mycrophytic feeders are organisms that use microflora as their source of food, and include certain collembola, mites, termites, nematodes, and protozoa. The actions of soil fauna in the food web are both physical and chemical, while those of the microflora are mostly biochemical. The actions of mesofauna and macrofauna enhance the activities of the microflora in several ways. First, the chewing action fragments the litter to expose the more easily decomposed cell contents for microbial digestion. Second, the fragmented plant tissues are thoroughly mixed with microorganisms in the animal gut, where conditions are ideal for microbial action. Third, the mobile animals carry microorganisms with them and help them to disperse and find new food sources.
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FIZAINE, Florian. "La substitution : promesses, principes et principales contraintes." In L’économie des ressources minérales et le défi de la soutenabilité 2, 129–45. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9025.ch5.

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Ce chapitre propose d’explorer la théorie standard qui sous-tend la substitution entre matériaux. Il revient notamment sur les notions de courbe de la demande, d’élasticité-prix et d’élasticité-prix croisée de la demande tout en soulignant leurs lacunes. En particulier, il éclaire aussi l’hétérogénéité des situations existant au travers des différentes échelles de substitution matérielle. Enfin, il termine en explicitant les multiples contraintes techniques, économiques, socioculturelles et juridiques qui limitent la substitution matérielle.
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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Animals, Fungi, and Microorganisms." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0011.

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Although plants are the major living components of terrestrial geoecosystems, other organisms are very important. Some animals move large amounts of soil, and many microoganisms promote the weathering of rocks and minerals in soils. Perhaps the greatest effects of animals, fungi, and microorganisms on geoecosystems are indirect through their effects on plants and plant communities. Mycorrhizal fungi are beneficial to plants in nutrient-limiting substrates where the fungi can scavenge phosphorous and nitrogen for plants. Many animals, from large ungulates (moose, elk, deer, etc.) to microscopic nematodes, graze on the leaves and roots of plants. Microorganisms cause many diseases in plants. A complete inventory of plant interactions with other organisms is virtually limitless. This chapter concentrates on organisms that live in serpentine soils, that live on ultramafic rocks, or that are dependent on plants that grow on serpentine soils. There have been few field investigations of living organisms, other than plants, on serpentine soils. Many of the investigations on animals, fungi, and microorganisms in serpentine soils of the western North America have been conducted on Jasper Ridge in San Mateo County, and some have been on Coyote Ridge in Santa Clara County and on the McLaughlin Reserve in Napa and Lake counties, California. Some investigations of animals and other organisms for which there are no published accounts relating to serpentine soils in western North America (e.g., termites) are cited from other areas. The associations of organisms with serpentine soils, whether utilization or avoidance, largely depend on the chemistry of the soil parent materials. Therefore, this chapter begins with a review of the effects of serpentine chemistry on living organisms. Organisms are about 50% or more water. Moss plants that are less than 50% water when desiccated can absorb much more water than their dry weights to increase their weights several fold within hours. About half of the biomass of living organisms that is not water is carbon. Other than water, carbon dominates the chemistry of all organisms. It forms large polymers that are far beyond the capabilities of other elements. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the primary source of carbon in soils.
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Trauner, D. "Reaction on the C-Terminus with C-Electrophiles." In X-Ene-X (X=F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, Se, Te, N, P), Ene-Hal, and Ene-O Compounds, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-032-00617.

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Trauner, D. "Reaction of Enolates on the C-Terminus with Electrophilic Heteroatom Species." In X-Ene-X (X=F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, Se, Te, N, P), Ene-Hal, and Ene-O Compounds, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-032-00621.

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8

Zhang, L. "Reactions of Substrates with Functionality at the Alkyne Terminus of the Propargylic Group." In Compounds of Groups 12 and 11 (Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au), 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-103-00021.

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