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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Termites'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Baker, Paul B., and Ruben Marchosky. "Arizona Termites of Economic Importance." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146733.

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2

Gouge, Dawn, Carl Olson, and Paul Baker. "Drywood Termites." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146713.

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Mosquitoes, Scorpions; Revised
In nature, termites function as decomposers that breakdown dead wood that accumulates in and on the soil. The beneficial products of this breakdown process are returned to the soil as humus. Drywood and subterranean termites are the most destructive insect pests of wood, causing more than $1.7 billion in damages and cost of control each year in the U.S. alone. Their presence in structures is seldom noticed until damage is discovered or the termites swarm within the building. Drywood termites are found in the southern tier of states, from North Carolina through the Gulf Coast, Arizona and into the coastal areas of California.
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3

Roisin, Yves. "Caste evolution in termites." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211869.

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4

Leniaud-Dallard, Laurianne Bagnères-Urbany Anne-Geneviève. "Potentialités ontogéniques, différenciation des castes et conséquences sur la structure génétique des termites du genre reticulitermes." Tours : SCD de l'université de Tours, 2008. http://www.applis.univ-tours.fr/theses/priv/laurianne.leniaud-dallard_2780.pdf.

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5

Casarin, Fabiana Elaine. "Seleção de ingredientes ativos para o controle do cupim subterrâneo Coptotermes gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106559.

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Resumo: O cupim exótico Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896) é a principal praga responsável por danos econômicos nas áreas urbanas da região sudeste do Brasil. No presente estudo foram realizados testes laboratoriais e de campo para avaliar a eficiência dos ingredientes ativos sulfluramida, hidrametilnona, ácido bórico, fipronil, piriproxifen e ciromazina para uso em iscas de controle desse cupim. Inicialmente, foram realizados experimentos em placas de Petri com o objetivo de selecionar as melhores concentrações de baixa toxicidade e que não fossem repelentes ou inibissem a alimentação dos cupins. As concentrações selecionadas foram usadas em uma segunda etapa de testes, nos quais foram utilizados um número maior de cupins. Os experimentos laboratoriais permitiram a seleção das seguintes concentrações para testes em campo: 0,01 ppm de sulfluramida; 200 ppm de hidrametilnona; entre 12.500 e 15.000 ppm de ciromazina; entre 1.000 e 12.500 ppm de piriproxifen; entre 3.000 e 2.000 ppm de ácido bórico. Somente, o ingrediente ativo fipronil não se mostrou adequado para uso em isca, devido à alta mortalidade obtida em todos os experimentos. Previamente aos testes de campo, foram estimados os territórios e as populações forrageiras das colônias de C. gestroi das áreas escolhidas. Os resultados de campo obtidos para C. gestroi nas áreas I (P.S.), II (L.U.) e III (S.O.R.) mostraram que não ocorreu nenhuma repelência ou inibição do consumo do papelão impregnado com os princípios ativos sulfluramida à 0,1 ppm, hidrametilnona à 400 ppm e ciromazina à 15.000 ppm. Contudo, o número de iscas e as concentrações utilizadas destes produtos não foram suficientes para eliminar nenhuma das colônias estudadas. Os resultados também sugerem que, em colônias naturais, as diferentes fontes alimentares exploradas pelos cupins subterrâneos e a competição... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896) is a pest of major economic importance in the urban environments of southeastern Brazil. In this study, we performed laboratory and field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of sulfluramid, hydramethylnon, boric acid, fipronil, pyriproxyfen and cyromazine as active ingredients in bait. In the first experiment, we tested different concentrations of these active ingredients in Petri dishes, searching for the best slow-acting and non-repellent concentrations for this termite. Concentrations selected from the initial experiment were used in a second laboratory experiment using a large number of individuals. From the results of this second experiment we selected the following concentrations to be fieldtested: 0.01 ppm of sulfluramid; 200 ppm of hydramethylnon; between 12,500 and 15,000 ppm of cyromazine; between 1,000 and 12,500 ppm of pyriproxyfen; between 3,000 and 2,000 ppm of boric acid. The data displayed a fast mortality of termites exposed to fipronil, even in small concentrations, therefore demonstrating that it is not a suitable chemical to be used in baits against C. gestroi. For field experiments, we estimated population and territory size from three colonies of C. gestroi present at the experimental site. Field results showed no repellence for site I (P.S.), II (L.U.) and III (S.O.R.) using sulfluramid 0.1 ppm, hydramethylnon 400 ppm, and cyromazine 15,000 ppm. However, the number of baited used at the selected concentrations were not sufficient to totally eliminate the colonies. This result suggests that, in natural colonies of subterranean termites, different food resources and competition, in this case with the native species Heterotermes tenuis, could influence the success of the control programs.
Orientador: Ana Maria Costa Leonardo
Coorientador: Odair Correa Bueno
Banca: Maria Santina de Castro Morini
Banca: José Eduardo Marcondes de Almeida
Banca: Ana Eugenia de C. Campos Farinha
Banca: Alexandre de Sene Pinto
Doutor
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6

Pinzon, Florian Olga Patricia. "Comparing the diversity, geographic distribution, and intraspecific variation of subterranean termites (Reticulitermes: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) occuring in woodlands and urban environments of Missouri using morphology and 16s mtDNA." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4872.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 28, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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7

Weil, Tobias. "Caste differentiation in lower termites." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2010/1097/.

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8

Dahlsjö, Cecilia A. L. "Termite assemblage structure and function : a study of the importance of termites in lowland equatorial forests." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:28a37283-4013-4c5a-be2e-aac26d97f838.

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Termites are important ecosystem engineers in tropical and sub-tropical terrestrial regions where they influence ecosystem processes by altering the physical and chemical structure of the habitat. Termites affect nutrient availability by decomposition and comminution (shredding) of organic matter and act as agents of bioturbation as they re-work substrates during the construction of nests, tunnels and runways. At present we have a relatively good understanding of termite diversity patterns in the tropics through the extensive use of the standardised transect sampling protocol by Eggleton et al. (1995). These diversity data suggest that there is a functional difference in termite assemblage structure, and potentially in termite abundance and biomass, among comparable habitats across continents. However due to the lack of comparable abundance and biomass data from South America this has not previously been confirmed. In this thesis I, therefore, collected extensive data on termite taxonomic and functional assemblage structure in a South American site in Peru. The data were used to compare termite abundance and biomass from two comparable sites in Africa (Cameroon) and south east Asia (Malaysia) in order to gain better understanding of the role termites play in ecosystem processes. I found that there was an intercontinental difference in the abundance and biomass of termite feeding-groups mainly due to the dominance of soil-feeding termites in Cameroon and the absence of fungus-growing termites from Peru. The impact of certain lineages on the intercontinental differences suggests that the differences may be due to biogeographical evolution. Moreover, Eggleton et al. (1998) show that larger-bodied soil-feeding termites in Cameroon process more energy per unit area than predicted by their body size. Due to the need for an examination of the allometric relationships in termite assemblages outside Africa and the development of a more sophisticated feeding-group classification I explore the findings in Eggleton et al. (1998) further using population density - body mass relationships in three termite feeding-groups among the three continental sites in Cameroon, Peru and Malaysia. I found that large-bodied soil-feeding termites in Cameroon and large-bodied wood-feeding termites in Peru had higher population densities than expected by their body masses. As the population density - body mass relationship is inverse to that of the energy - body mass relationship the results suggest that the two feeding-groups also use more energy than expected by their body masses. Further, we have a relatively good understanding of the role termites play as ecosystem engineers e.g. in nutrient cycling and distribution, however, compared with our understanding of wood and litter decomposition in tropical forests quantitative data on the impact of termites in soil processes is poorly understood. In this thesis I conducted, to our knowledge, the first in situ soil macrofauna exclusion experiment using translocated soil in Peru to examine the impact of termites on soil C and N loss. I found that termites promote soil C and N loss which may be linked to the increase in microbial activity due to the passage of soil through the termite gut as well as the affect termites have on bioturbation and nutrient distribution. To conclude, in this thesis I present the first intercontinental comparison of abundance and biomass as well as the first in situ soil macrofauna exclusion experiment to date. The link between termite ecology, biogeography and evolution is discussed as well as the contribution of this thesis to the field of termite ecology.
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9

Peters, Brenton Charles. "Xylophagous insects : developments in feeding assays /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20041123.093606/index.html.

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10

Baker, Paul B. "Termite control for homeowners." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146732.

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Termites are considered Arizona's number one urban pest. All termites can be placed into 3 broad categories based on their habitat: damp-wood, dry-wood and subterranean. In Arizona, damp-wood and dry wood termites are not major wide spread problems but can be under selected conditions. Subterranean termites on the other hand are considered one of our major urban pests. Detection of the presence of termites in many cases can be difficult to do. A discussion of construction practices is presented to keep termites from invading your home. Control technologies such as a pre and post-treatment using a termiticide, physical barriers and baiting systems are presented.
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11

Marynowska, Martyna. "Unravelling the termite digestion process complexity - a multi-omics approach applied to termites with different feeding regimes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/304812.

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With its unique consortium of microorganisms from all domains of life, termite gut is considered one of the most efficient lignocellulose degrading systems in nature. Recently, host diet and taxonomy as well as gut microenvironmental conditions have emerged as main factors shaping microbial communities in termite guts. The aim of this thesis was to investigate this highly efficient lignocellulolytic system at holobiont level, with a particular focus on gut microbiome function and composition in relation to the host diet. As a starting point, we optimised a complete framework for an accurate termite gut prokaryote-oriented metatranscriptomics, which was at the basis of all subsequent sequencing assay designs and analyses performed in the course of the work. Afterwards, we characterised the compositions and functions of biomass-degrading bacterial communities in guts of plant fibre- and soil-feeding higher termites, proving the existence of functional equivalence across microbial populations from different termite hosts. We also showed that each termite is a reservoir of unique microorganisms and their accompanying genes. We further extended above approach to metagenomics and bacterial genomes reconstruction and we applied it to explore the process of biomass digestion in the different sections of the highly compartmented gut of soil feeding Labiotermes labralis. We showed that primarily cellulolytic activity of the termite host was restricted to foregut and midgut, while bacterial contribution was most pronounced in P1 and P3 hindgut compartments and included activities targeting broad range of lignocellulose components. Finally, we investigated the adaptation of a laboratory-maintained grass-feeding higher termite colony of Cortaritermes spp. to Miscanthus diet at host and symbiont levels. A natural system of a termite gut was shown to progressively change in composition to yield a consortium of microbes specialised in degradation of a specific biomass. Overall, the integrative omics approach proposed here provide a framework for a better understanding of a complex lignocellulose degradation by a higher termite gut system and pave a road towards its future bioprospecting.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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12

Glenn, Grady J. "Termite baiting system technology: utilization and evaluation for integrated management of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) subterranean termite populations, with seasonal variation and spatial patterns exhibited in foraging strategies." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3044.

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Commercial termite baiting systems were utilized and evaluated under real-world conditions in order to provide a comparison of efficacy in the management of subterranean termites. Three commercial termite baiting systems available for comparison included: FirstLine® (FMC Corp.), Sentricon® (Dow AgroSciences), and Terminate® (United Industries, Inc). The time required for foraging termites to locate and begin feeding on both the Sentricon® and the Terminate® bait stations was approximately one-half the time required to locate and begin feeding on the FirstLine® system, for both R. flavipes and C. formosanus. The time required for C. formosanus to locate and begin feeding on all termite baiting systems was approximately one-half the time required for R. flavipes. There were no significant differences in efficacy between the three baiting treatment systems against R. flavipes, with a mean of 84% efficacy for all systems. The Sentricon® system was able to achieve efficacy (88%) results with few additional residual liquid termiticide treatments. FirstLine® efficacy (80%) and Terminate® efficacy (84%) results required initial and subsequent multiple spot treatments with residual termiticide for comparable results. The Sentricon® baiting system yielded positive results in the management of C. formosanus, if utilized in an aggressive, active management program, involving multiple supplementary in-ground and above-ground bait stations at both points of active infestation and at areas with conditions conducive to infestation. Optimum results were achieved when monitoring of the bait stations occurred twice each month, rather than the standard monthly monitoring regime. The two termite baiting systems with Sulfluramid as the active ingredient required spot treatments with termiticides in order to protect the structures. Grids of bait stations were installed and termite activity and foraging strategies were monitored for a five-year period. Treatment with sulfluramid required 472 active ingredient tubes, over a 37-month period, in order to reduce subterranean termite populations. Observations of seasonal variation and spatial patterns of foraging by native subterranean termites, R. flavipes, in a typical urban/suburban setting provided information with direct application to an effective termite baiting system program.
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13

Shuttleworth, Cindy. "Ecological relationships between the armadillo lizard, Cordylus cataphractus, and the southern harvester termite, Microhodotermes viator." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1205.

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14

Carion, Catherine. ""Réticulitermes santonensis" : progression de la termitose à Paris et méthodes de lutte actuelles." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P101.

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15

Ensaf, Alireza. "Les Isoptera de la Guyane Française." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0001.

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La faune des termites de Guyane française représente environ le quart des espèces connues d'Isoptera de la région des Guyanes [Guyane française, Surinam, Guyane britannique, Brésil amazonien et Venezuela]. En Gyane se trouve 3 familles des termites : Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae et Termitidae. La majorité des espèces rencontrées en Guyane appartiennent à cette dernière famille. Nasutitermes y est largement dominant. Nos travaux démontrent que les termites sont sensibles aux variables environnementales. La diversité spécifique et l'abondance des termites sont deux fois plus importantes en forêt dense qu'en forêt secondaire et dix fois plus importantes que celles des forêts ouvertes, des savanes, des inselbergs et des zones anthropisées. La diminution de la diversité végétale, la fragmentation des forêts et l'utilisation de leurs ressources naturelles produisent un déséquilibre pouvant déboucher sur des perturbations écologiques, perceptibles au travers de la diversité des termites. La richesse spécifique des termites est un indicateur important pour l'estimation de la biodiversité
The termites species of French Guiana represents approximately a quarter of the known species of Isoptera of the area (French Guiana, Surinam, British Guiana, Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela). The Termitidae include the majority of the species and dominate the other two families (Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae). The genus Nasutitermes is largely dominant in the family Termitidae. Our work shows that the termites are sensitive to the environmental variables. Species diversity and the abundance of termites in the dense forests are two times more than in the secondary forests. They are 10 times more important than those of the open forests, savannas, inselbergs and anthropized zones. The reduction in plant diversity, the fragmentation of the forests and the use of their natural resources produce an imbalance which can lead to ecological perturbation, which are perceptible through the diversity of the termites. The diversity and specific abundance of termites are significant indicators for estimating the biodiversity
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16

Biswa, Ritesh. "Study on termites of tea plantations in terai region of Darjeeling foothills with insecticide tolerance status of two commonly occurring termite pests." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2723.

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17

Myles, Timothy George. "Termite social evolution." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558092.

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18

Siderhurst, Matthew Samuel. "Antimicrobial and autophototoxic effects of norharmane in termites." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 7.05 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131701.

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19

Han, Sun Heat. "Fondation et croissance des colonies de termites supérieurs." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS033.

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Etude chez 4 espèces de termites. Dynamique du développement: croissance lente, sans alimentation du couple reproducteur puis explosion démographique et alimentation. Croissance de certaines colonies par une suite de migrations et constructions de nids plus vastes. Physogastrie: augmentation très importante de la surface d'absorption de l'intestin, avec assimilation rapide (étude en microscopie électronique). Comparaison entre colonies jeunes et adultes sur l'origine des soldats: différence uniquement chez N. Lujae. Couple royal intervient directement dans stratégie de défense des colonies par stimulation de la protection de la caste soldat
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20

Han, Sun-Heat. "Fondation et croissance des colonies de termites supérieurs." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376057909.

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21

Yamada, Akinori. "The ecological function of termites in tropical forests." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147861.

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22

Duboisset, Arnaud Garnier-Zarli Evelyne. "L'importance agricole des termitières épigées dans le nord du Cameroun l'exemple des nids de Macrotermes subhyalinus et d'Odontotermes magdalenae /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2003. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0215008.htm.

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23

Roose-Amsaleg, Céline Harry Myriam. "Diversité microbienne des termitières de Cubitermes (Isoptères, Termitidae) et des sols d'une forêt gabonaise." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0394940.htm.

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Thèse de doctorat : Écologie microbienne : Paris 12 : 2003.
Version électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 301 réf.
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24

Akama, Pierre. "Evaluation des perturbations de l'oléoduc Tchad-Cameroun sur les assemblages de termites." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209574.

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Les perturbations sont des événements séparés dans le temps qui modifient une population, un écosystème ou un paysage, en changent la structure, le milieu physique et le fonctionnement. Ces événements font partie intégrante de la dynamique des écosystèmes, mais les hommes en ont changé le régime par l’agriculture, les travaux de génie civil, etc. Elles sont devenues une menace pour la biodiversité. C’est ainsi qu’une étude a été menée pour évaluer l’influence du projet de pipeline Tchad-Cameroun sur les assemblages de termites, cinq ans après son achèvement.

Les recherches ont été menées dans les écosystèmes de savane et de forêts camerounaises via deux méthodes d’échantillonnage. La méthode des transects belts d’Eggleton et Jones (2000) a permis de collecter 99 espèces de termites (36 transects dans 4 écosystèmes) ;en complément à celle-ci, la méthode quantitative des carottages de Wood et Sands (1978) a permis de récolter 70 espèces de termites (480 carottes). La différence de richesse spécifique résulte du sous échantillonnage par la méthode des carottages parce que certains habitats susceptibles d’abriter des termites ne sont pas explorés.

Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’infrastructure a perturbé sensiblement les paramètres texturaux, la densité apparente, les propriétés hydriques et la matière organique du sol. Il a diminué la richesse spécifique globale des termites, et essentiellement celle des humivores. Il a augmenté la densité des termites du groupe II et diminué celle des termites du groupe IV mais la densité globale des termites n’a pas été modifiée. En fait, les milieux témoins que nous avons échantillonnés étaient déjà moyennement dégradés avant la pose de l’oléoduc.

L’étude de l’évolution de la litière de Milicia excelsa en litter bags a permis de montrer que ni le l’infrastructure ni la variabilité des écosystèmes n’exercent un effet sur la vitesse de décomposition de cette litière ;en revanche, la dimension de la maille, autorisant ou non le passage des termites, a montré que ceux-ci interviennent pour environ 20 % dans la perte de masse de la litière.

L’apport expérimental d’infusions à base de Chromolaena odorata et d’Alchornea cordifolia a sensiblement abaissé le rapport C/N du sol mais n’a eu qu’un effet très limité sur les assemblages de termites.


Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Waite, Troy David. "Field studies of exterior-only applications with fipronil (Termidor SC) for the post-construction control of interior populations of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1625.

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Thirty-two privately owned structures were treated with a 0.06% exterior and interior, 0.06% exterior-only, or 0.125% exterior-only application of fipronil (Termidor SC®) in order to compare their efficacies in the post-construction control of interior populations of Reticulitermes spp. (Holmgren). The concentration of fipronil in the soils from the structures was measured pre-treatment and at 1 week, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months post-treatment. Bioassays conducted with fipronil-treated soils from five locations in Texas determined the minimum effective concentration (minimum concentration necessary to stop termites from breeching a 50 mm column of treated soil) was < 1.0 ppm. Lethal concentration (LC50) values ranged from 0.19 to 0.60 ppm for Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). All structures receiving a 0.06% fipronil exterior and interior or 0.125% exterior-only application showed full control of interior termite populations within 6 months. In contrast, 36% of the structures that received a 0.06% fipronil exterior-only application still had termites 6 months post-treatment. When taking the point of termite entry into account, it was shown that only structures treated with fipronil at the point of entry into the structure by termites showed full control within 6 months. This indicated that the placement of the termiticide at the point of subterranean termite entry, and not the rate at which it was applied, was the most important factor that predicted whether a post-construction application of fipronil provided full control of an interior infestation. Results also indicated that Termidor SC® was effective when used according to the current product label, which calls for a thorough application including exterior and interior applications for post-construction termite control. Soil monitoring data for fipronil indicated that the technical material provided by the manufacturer of Termidor SC® was labeled appropriately in terms of concentration. Tank mix samples, while variable, were between 83 - 96% of the labeled concentrations. Post-treatment soil samples and bioassays with treated soil showed that fipronil concentrations were adequate to effectively control termites through the first 18 months.
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26

Casarin, Fabiana Elaine [UNESP]. "Seleção de ingredientes ativos para o controle do cupim subterrâneo Coptotermes gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106559.

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O cupim exótico Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896) é a principal praga responsável por danos econômicos nas áreas urbanas da região sudeste do Brasil. No presente estudo foram realizados testes laboratoriais e de campo para avaliar a eficiência dos ingredientes ativos sulfluramida, hidrametilnona, ácido bórico, fipronil, piriproxifen e ciromazina para uso em iscas de controle desse cupim. Inicialmente, foram realizados experimentos em placas de Petri com o objetivo de selecionar as melhores concentrações de baixa toxicidade e que não fossem repelentes ou inibissem a alimentação dos cupins. As concentrações selecionadas foram usadas em uma segunda etapa de testes, nos quais foram utilizados um número maior de cupins. Os experimentos laboratoriais permitiram a seleção das seguintes concentrações para testes em campo: 0,01 ppm de sulfluramida; 200 ppm de hidrametilnona; entre 12.500 e 15.000 ppm de ciromazina; entre 1.000 e 12.500 ppm de piriproxifen; entre 3.000 e 2.000 ppm de ácido bórico. Somente, o ingrediente ativo fipronil não se mostrou adequado para uso em isca, devido à alta mortalidade obtida em todos os experimentos. Previamente aos testes de campo, foram estimados os territórios e as populações forrageiras das colônias de C. gestroi das áreas escolhidas. Os resultados de campo obtidos para C. gestroi nas áreas I (P.S.), II (L.U.) e III (S.O.R.) mostraram que não ocorreu nenhuma repelência ou inibição do consumo do papelão impregnado com os princípios ativos sulfluramida à 0,1 ppm, hidrametilnona à 400 ppm e ciromazina à 15.000 ppm. Contudo, o número de iscas e as concentrações utilizadas destes produtos não foram suficientes para eliminar nenhuma das colônias estudadas. Os resultados também sugerem que, em colônias naturais, as diferentes fontes alimentares exploradas pelos cupins subterrâneos e a competição...
The subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896) is a pest of major economic importance in the urban environments of southeastern Brazil. In this study, we performed laboratory and field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of sulfluramid, hydramethylnon, boric acid, fipronil, pyriproxyfen and cyromazine as active ingredients in bait. In the first experiment, we tested different concentrations of these active ingredients in Petri dishes, searching for the best slow-acting and non-repellent concentrations for this termite. Concentrations selected from the initial experiment were used in a second laboratory experiment using a large number of individuals. From the results of this second experiment we selected the following concentrations to be fieldtested: 0.01 ppm of sulfluramid; 200 ppm of hydramethylnon; between 12,500 and 15,000 ppm of cyromazine; between 1,000 and 12,500 ppm of pyriproxyfen; between 3,000 and 2,000 ppm of boric acid. The data displayed a fast mortality of termites exposed to fipronil, even in small concentrations, therefore demonstrating that it is not a suitable chemical to be used in baits against C. gestroi. For field experiments, we estimated population and territory size from three colonies of C. gestroi present at the experimental site. Field results showed no repellence for site I (P.S.), II (L.U.) and III (S.O.R.) using sulfluramid 0.1 ppm, hydramethylnon 400 ppm, and cyromazine 15,000 ppm. However, the number of baited used at the selected concentrations were not sufficient to totally eliminate the colonies. This result suggests that, in natural colonies of subterranean termites, different food resources and competition, in this case with the native species Heterotermes tenuis, could influence the success of the control programs.
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27

Semmak-Merlin, Latifa. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux produits de préservation du bois en série ammonium." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10434.

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L'étude des interactions entre le bois et les N-alky1 isoindolinium, produits nouveaux dans le domaine de la préservation, met en évidence une grande résistance au lessivage intensif contre des sciures traitées et permet d'obtenir une protection durable contre les basidiomycètes lignivores. Les activités fongicides et antitermites des polyborates d'ammonium préparés, confèrent au bois traité une protection totale vis à vis des agressions biologiques. Nous avons montré, lors de l'étude de l'interaction de ces produits avec le bois par le dosage du bore sur la sciure, que les liaisons ioniques prédominent sur les liaisons par paires d'ions.
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28

Delgarde, Stéphanie. "Utilisation de nouvelles molécules dans la lutte contre plusieurs espèces de termites d'importance économique." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120004.

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Les termites constituent l'un des plus importants groupes d'insectes nuisibles. Ces insectes sociaux causent des dégâts considérables à de nombreuses plantes vivrières en zone tropicale (Termitidae) et aux bois ouvrés des zones urbaines dans les régions tempérées (Rhinotermitidae). Actuellement, malgré l'impact économique de ces nuisibles, aucun traitement chimique n'est entièrement satisfaisant. C'est pourquoi à la demande des firmes Aventis et Novartis, l'efficacité et le mode d'action de deux nouvelles molécules chimiques, le fipronil et le thiamethoxam, ont été testés sur plusieurs espèces de termites trois espèces africaines Trinervitermes trinervius, Odontotermes smeathmani, Amitermes evuncifer, trois espèces sud-américaines Syntermes molestus, Cornitennes snyderi, Nasutitermes costalis et une espèce européenne Reticulitermes santonensis. Les DL5O diffèrent en fonction des espèces et de l'insecticide. A faible dose, ces deux produits présentent une action suffisamment lente pour permettre leur transmission d'individus contaminés à des individus sains. Lorsqu'un papier traité leur est proposé comme seule source de nourriture, certaines espèces se révèlent consommatrices, d'autres non. Par contre, en proposant aux termites le choix entre un papier traité et un non traité, plusieurs espèces même consommatrices détectent l'insecticide et ne consomment pas le papier traité. Pour ces dernières, ces insecticides exercent un effet anti-appétant voire répulsif, incompatible avec leur emploi en appât. Une nouvelle molécule, le X94, présente des propriétés appétantes sur Reticulitermes santonensis. Il contrebalance les effets anti-appétants du thiamethoxam vis-à-vis de cette espèce. Un essai d'isolement de la fraction active a été entreprise par HPLC et testée sur ce termite. Cette molécule attractive permettra, dans un avenir proche, de mettre au point un appât prometteur
Termites constitute one of the most important groups of harmful insects. These social insects cause considerable damage to many food crops in tropical areas (Termitidae) and to buildings from temperate regions (Rhinotermitidae). Despite the economic impact of these pests, no chemical control is actually entirely effective. This is why at firms Aventis and Novartis' s request, effectiveness and mode of action of two new molecules, fipronil and thiamethoxam, were tested on several termite species : three African species Trinervitermes trinervius, Odontotermes smeath,nani, Amitermes evuncifer, three South American species Syntermes molestus, Cornitermes snyderi, Nasutitermes costalis and one European species Reticulitermes santonensis. LD5O differ according to species and insecticide. With low dose, these two products present a slow action to allow their transmission of contamined individuals to hea individuals. When a treated paper is proposed to termites as only food source, some species consume, others do not. On the other hand, by proposing to termites choice between a treated and an untreated papers, some species even consuming ones detect insecticide and do not consume treated paper. For the latest, these toxicants have a repellent effect incompatible with their use as bait. A new molecule, X94, acts as a phagostimulant on R. Santonensis. It counterbalances anti-feeding effects of thiamethoxam towards this species. An attempt of active molecule isolation was realized using HPLC method and tested on this termite. This attractant will allow, in the near future, to develop a promising bait
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Dibangou, Valentin. "Étude comparée de la biologie et du métabolisme digestif de deux espèces de termites (Pseudacanthotermes spiniger et P. Milititaris) des plantations de canne à sucre de la vallée du Niari (Congo)." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120039.

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Les travaux effectues dans les plantations de canne a sucre de la vallee du niari au congo ont montre une forte reduction du nombre d'especes de termites par rapport a la savane avoisinante et aux cultures traditionnelles du manioc et d'arachides. Deux especes de termites champignonnistes appartenant toutes les deux a un meme genre pullulent de maniere presque exclusive dans ces plantations: il s'agit de pseudacanthotermes spiniger et de p. Militaris. La premiere se caracterise par des constructions epigees dures qui genent considerablement la recolte mecanique. Elle evolue plus vite dans le milieu que la deuxieme qui est une espece hypogee et qui ne presente jusqu'alors aucune action deletere. L'etude de leurs particularites biologiques, ecologiques, ainsi que des caracteristiques de leur metabolisme digestif et de celles de leur champignon symbiote a permis de montrer leurs differentes capacites d'adaptation au milieu. Toutes ces donnees ont egalement permis de tester la sensibilite de ces deux especes aux differentes methodes de lutte utilisant des fongicides
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30

Donovan, Sarah Elizabeth. "Soil-feeding in termites set within a phylogenetic framework." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322576.

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31

Kadir, Roszaini. "Wood extracts as natural preservatives against termites and fungi." Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536483.

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32

Abdulahi, Abdurahman. "Foraging activity and control of termites in western Ethiopia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47734.

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33

Ohmura, Wakako. "Studies on Wood Components Affecting the Behavior of Termites." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78101.

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34

Peppuy, Alexis. "Termites du Nord Vietnam : communication chimique et isolement spécifique." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066646.

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35

Benmoussa-Haichour, Dalila. "Relations termites-nématodes entomopathogènes : applications à la lutte biologique." Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120039.

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Les termites sont des grands ravageurs en afrique sur culture de la canne a sucre. Une nouvelle strategie de lutte preventive s'est averee necessaire contre la caste des sexues, elle est demontree dans ce travail. Les essais de pathogenecite ont montres clairement le potentiel des steinernema e2 et k27 comme agent de controle biologique contre les differentes especes de termite chez les macrotermitinae : ancistrotermes guineensis, pseudacanthotermes spiniger, odontotermes sp. , macrotermes bellicosus et une espece xylophage reticulitermes santoneensis (rhinotermitidae) en provoquant des mortalites de 100% des individus en moins de 20 jours. La souche heterorhabditis bacteriophora s'est revelee la moins efficace. Seule la caste des soldats est la moins sensible aux differentes souches testees. La caste aile presente une forte teneur en lipide et en glucide, compares aux autres castes des differentes especes ce qui permet la multiplication des nematodes entomopathogenes. Steinernema kushidai penetre dans la caste ailee par voie buccale. Les activites heterosidasiques chez le sexue traite chutent par rapport au sexue non traite. Il est montre qu'a de fortes infestations la physiologie digestive est perturbee. La paralysie est observee et la mort survient par septicemie generalisee en 40 heures. Un fort effet pathogene de la souche steinernema carpocapasae est aussi montre par l'essai pilote conduit a la sonasut (tchad) sur les ailes ancistrotermes guineensis, la dose de 1 millions de l3 suffit a provoquer leur mortalite en une semaine. Une multiplication intense en moins de 14 jours est enregistree chez 60% des ailes testes. La sensibilite des nematodes entomopathogenes aux differents produits pesticides utilises a la sonasut (tchad) a permis de confirmer que les heterorhabditis sont plus sensibles aux differents pesticides, alors que les deux souches steinernema carpocapsae et steinernema kushidai permettent la recherche de l'hote et l'infestation apres une immersion de 4 jours dans les produits phytosanitaires. Ainsi un seul traitement au moment de l'essaimage permettrait de limiter l'implantation de nouvelles colonies de termites en afrique.
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Fougeyrollas, Romain. "Stratégies de reproduction et de dispersion chez deux termites humivores de Guyane, Embiratermes neotenicus et Silvestritermes minutus (Termitidae, Syntermitinae)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1112/document.

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Chez les insectes sociaux, les reproductrices doivent faire face à un dilemme entre coûts et bénéfices de la reproduction asexuée et sexuée. Récemment, il a été montré que les reines termites pouvaient résoudre ce dilemme en optant pour l’utilisation alternée de la reproduction asexuée et sexuée, en produisant des femelles secondaires néoténiques par parthénogenèse, et les ouvriers, soldats et futurs essaimants par reproduction sexuée. Cette stratégie, appelée AQS pour « Asexual Queen Succession », a été décrite chez trois termites souterrains xylophages de la famille des Rhinotermitidae. Deux espèces humivores appartenant à la famille des Termitidae et particulièrement abondantes en forêt néotropicale, Embiratermes neotenicus et Silvestritermes minutus (Syntermitinae), semblaient être des nouvelles candidates pour cette stratégie, car elles présentaient des nids menées par de nombreuses femelles néoténiques. Pour confirmer cette hypothèse et déterminer l’origine génétique de ces femelles, des castes stériles et des futurs essaimants, nous avons développé une banque de microsatellites spécifiques pour E. neotenicus et S. minutus, et génotypé une dizaine de colonies du site de Petit Saut en Guyane, pour chaque espèce. Nous avons confirmé que les castes stériles et les imagos étai ent issus pour la très grande majorité de reproduction sexuée, alors que les femelles néoténiques étaient issues de parthénogenèse avec fusion centrale, un mécanisme différent de celui décrit chez les Rhinotermitidae. La reconstruction détaillée du cycle de vie de S. minutus nous a permis de conclure que l’AQS, au-delà des bénéfices communs à toutes les espèces i.e. la succession de plusieurs générations de reproductrices sans dilution de la participation génétique de la reine fondatrice, l’augmentation du potentiel reproductif de la colonie et la prévention de la consanguinité chez les castes stériles et les imagos, permettait à cette espèce d’investir dans un seul évènement massif d’essaimage pendant un cycle de vie très court. D’autre part, nous avons réalisé une analyse de structuration génétique des colonies et des populations d’E. neotenicus et de S. minutus dans le but de comprendre les conséquences de la dispersion, des modalités d’appariement et de la participation des différents reproducteurs sur la consanguinité des colonies et la potentialité de colonisation de ces espèces. Pour environ 40 colonies de chaque espèce, nous avons montré que les reproducteurs fondateurs étaient très majoritairement non apparentés, et une absence de viscosité à une échelle locale (1 à 11 km), suggérant une dispersion importante des essaimants. De plus, seule une très faible structuration génétique a pu être détectée sur l’ensemble du site d’échantillonnage, indiquant des flux de gènes peu contraints
In social insects, reproductive females have to face a dilemma between costs and advantages of asexual and sexual reproduction. Recently, termite queens were shown to be able to solve this dilemma by using alternatively asexual and sexual reproduction, with the production of secondary neotenic females by parthenogenesis, and workers, soldiers and future alate reproductives by sexual reproduction. This strategy, called AQS for Asexual Queen Succession, was described in three subterranean xylophagous termites of the Rhinotermitidae family. Two soil-feeding species belonging to the Termitidae family, and particularly abundant in Neotropical forest, Embiratermes neotenicus and Silvestritermes minutus (Syntermitinae), seemed to be new candidates for this strategy since they showed colonies headed by numerous neotenic females. In order to confirm this hypothesis and determine the genetic origin of these females, of sterile castes and future imagoes, we developed specific microsatellite libraries for E. neotenicus and S. minutus, and genotyped about ten colonies for each species, on the site of Petit Saut in French Guiana. We confirmed that sterile castes and imagoes were mostly produced by sexual reproduction, while neotenic females were produced by parthenogenesis with central fusion, a mechanism different from that described in Rhinotermitidae species. The detailed reconstruction of S. minutus life cycle allowed us to conclude that AQS, in addition to advantages common to all species i.e. succession of queen generations with undiluted genetic input of the foundress, multiplication of reproductive potential of the colony and prevention of inbreeding in sterile castes and dispersers, would allow this species to optimize a single dispersal event within a very short life cycle. Otherwise, we realized an analysis of colony and population genetic structuration of both species in order to understand consequences of dispersion, mating strategies and parental allocation on inbreeding and colonization abilities of both species. For about 40 colonies of each species, we showed that most of founding reproductives were not related, and absence of genetic viscosity at a local scale (1 to 11 km) suggesting long dispersal flights of alates. Furthermore, only a weak genetic structuration was detected, indicating unfettered gene flows on the sampling site
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37

Diouf, Michel Ngor. "Les communautés fongiques des structures de récolte de plusieurs espèces de termites macrotermitinae : origine et évolution." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002531430204611&vid=upec.

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L’impact de l’activité de construction de trois espèces de termites Macrotermitinae sur les communautés fongiques du sol a été étudié en combinant des méthodes traditionnelles de microbiologie à des méthodes biochimiques (ergostérol), enzymatiques et moléculaires (PCR-DGGE). Dans les structures de récolte récentes, les communautés fongiques sont très différentes de celles du sol aussi bien superficiel que profond. Au niveau fonctionnel ces différences se traduisent par des activités protéolytiques plus élevées dans les structures jeunes que dans le sol. Lors du vieillissement des structures de récolte, les communautés fongiques y deviennent moins abondantes et moins diversifiées et, à terme, la structure de la mycoflore des placages les plus âgés présente beaucoup de similitudes avec celle du premier centimètre du sol. L’origine des communautés fongiques abondantes dans les structures de récolte fraîches a été recherchée, elle résulte de l’incorporation par le termite de propagules fongiques présentes sur le végétal récolté. Le rôle de ces constructions temporaires de récolte dans le fonctionnement biologique du sol est ensuite discuté
The impact of sheetings of three species of termites (Macrotermitinae) on soil fungal communities was studied by combining culture-dependent methods (MPN. Plate count technique) and biochemical methods (ergosterol, enzyme activities) and molecular approacb (PCR-DGGE) as well. Fungal communities of recent sheetings were different from those found in soil. At the functional level these differences resuit in higher proteolytic activities in the young structures than in the soil. At the time of the ageing of sheetings, fungal commumties become less abundant and less diversified and, in the long term, they exhibited much similarities with that of the first centimeter of the soil. The origin of the abundance of fungal communities in the fresh sheetings was addressed and seems to result from incorporation by the termite of fungal propagules from the plant. The role of these temporarv sheetings in the biological function of the soil is then discussed
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38

Tso, Wing-yin Paul. "Termite control strategies of heritage buildings with case studies of Hong Kong SAR /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42181264.

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39

Diouf, Michel Ngor Rouland Corinne. "Les communautés fongiques des structures de récolte de plusieurs espèces de termites macrotermitinae origine et évolution /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0253143.htm.

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Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la vie et de la santé : Paris 12 : 2003.
Thèse électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
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40

Mampouya, David. "Les populations de termites d'une culture de canne à sucre irriguée dans un écosystème sahélien : le fipronil dans une lutte ciblée contre les termites." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120037.

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L'étude des populations réalisée dans la plantation de canne a sucre de la css (Richard-Toll, Sénégal) a permis de montrer une faible richesse spécifique en termites par rapport aux biotopes environnants. La situation d'une nappe phréatique salée a une faible profondeur et l'irrigation régulière des parcelles constituent des facteurs qui ne sont pas favorables à une colonisation du milieu par les termites. Il a été établi que quatre espèces causent des dégâts à la canne a sucre : Microcerotermes parvulus, Ancistrotermes cavithorax, Amitermes evuncifer sur les boutures et Trinervitermes trinervius sur les feuilles de canne et les jeunes plants ; cette espèce emprisonne à certains endroits les tiges de canne. Les zones préférentielles d'attaque sont les bordures des nouvelles parcelles plantées après une courte jachère de 3 a 4 mois. Les constructions hypogées d'A. Cavithorax et d'Odontotermes sp. Aff. Interveniens ainsi que les nids de T. Trinervius risquent à terme de dégrader les ouvrages d'irrigation. L'étude enzymologique et la détermination des capacités de biodégradation de la matière végétale (polysaccharides et lignine) effectuées chez T. Trinervius et o. Sp. Aff. Interveniens sur des populations provenant du périmètre sucrier et de la savane ont permis de préciser les différences entre leurs capacités digestives. Les essais de lutte au Fipronil (nouvel insecticide appartenant aux phenylpyrazoles) ont montré que le produit peut être efficace dans la lutte contre les termites.
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41

Parmentier, Dominique. "Developmental flexibility and evolution of the worker caste in termites." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210790.

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42

Nunes, Lina Maria Ribeiro. "The effect of boron-based wood preservatives on subterranean termites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267839.

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43

Organ, A. J. "Structural and synthetic studies in the defensive chemistry of termites." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370388.

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44

Tokoro, Masahiko. "Studies on Trail Pheromones Isolated from the Japanese Rhinotermitid Termites." Kyoto University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168791.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第5137号
農博第720号
新制||農||625(附属図書館)
学位論文||H4||N2451(農学部図書室)
UT51-92-J184
京都大学大学院農学研究科林産工学専攻
(主査)教授 髙橋 旨象, 教授 髙橋 正三, 教授 島田 幹夫
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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45

Davies, Andrew Byron. "The functional importance of termites across a savanna rainfall gradient." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79223.

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Termites are ecosystem engineers with well documented functional roles in African savannas. However, how their importance changes across environmental gradients, such as rainfall and nutrition, is less understood. Using LiDAR data from the Carnegie Airborne Observatory, I mapped the distribution of termite mounds across an entire river catchment in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Abiotic factors shaped mound densities at broader landscape scales, while local hillslope morphology strongly influenced mound distribution at finer scales. Mound distribution exhibited a clustered pattern throughout the landscape, occurring at higher densities on crests, which are nutrient-poor. However, at fine scales mounds exhibited over-dispersion so that evenly spaced aggregations of termite mounds are embedded within a landscape of varying mound densities. The activity status of mounds also varied across the catchment, with a higher proportion of mounds active in drier sites. A key mechanism accounting for the importance of termite mounds is the high concentration of nutrients they hold. Although these nutrient-hotspots are known to enhance savannah biodiversity and attract herbivores, what is less clear is whether they are as important in nutrient-rich compared to dystrophic savannas. Working across a rainfall gradient, I investigated grass communities on and off termite mounds and along transects away from mounds in order to calculate the spatial influence of termite mounds on grass communities and how this changes with landscape context. Although grass species richness was lower on mounds than in the savanna matrix, the assemblage composition varied significantly, with higher nutrient concentrations in grasses located on mounds; this pattern became more distinct with increasing rainfall. The spatial extent of these nutrient-rich grasses also differed Abstract across the rainfall gradient, with a larger sphere of influence around mounds in the wetter, nutrient-poor areas, due to patterns in soil nutrients. Using termite mound densities estimated from airborne LiDAR, I upscaled field-based results to determine the percentage of the landscape influenced by termite activity, showing that mounds distinctly altered grass communities over ~2% of the landscape. The impact these altered grass communities have on savanna grazing herbivores was then investigated across the rainfall gradient. Grasses on termite mounds were preferentially grazed at all rainfall sites and in both seasons tested. Importantly, however, mound influence varied in time and space. Mounds were more heavily grazed at wetter savanna sites and influenced more of the landscape here during the wet season. However, during the dry season, when mound utilisation was higher, this pattern was reversed, with more of the landscape (19%) influenced at the driest site. Southern slopes of termite mounds exhibited higher grazing pressure and insects were also shown to prefer mound grasses. Finally, through measuring the decomposition rate of four savanna grass species, I show that grass decomposition in African savannas varies significantly along rainfall gradients, with various factors, including termites, becoming influential in different habitats. Importantly, I demonstrate that fire does not always slow decomposition and that it interacts with other factors to influence the process. Overall, termites are important contributors to savanna heterogeneity, with functional importance varying with landscape context.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Zoology and Entomology
PhD
Unrestricted
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46

Chouvenc, Thomas. "Defense mechanisms in termites against the infection of Entomopathogenic fungi." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024715.

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47

Lee, Timothy Robert Charles. "Molecular phylogenetic, ecological, and evolutionary studies of Australian Rhinotermitid termites." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14528.

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The termite family Rhinotermitidae contains some of the world’s most economically significant pests. In Australia, members of the Rhinotermitidae are found distributed across nearly all environments on the mainland. Some Australian species in this family are of particular evolutionary significance because they are the only species in the family to build mounds above ground- the other species nest underground or in wood. How these Australian rhinotermitids- in the genus Coptotermes- acquired the ability to build mounds has not been studied, nor has the time of their arrival in Australia or how they diversified there. Little is known also about the colony and population structure of many species in the Australian Rhinotermitidae. This thesis describes the use of several different methods to address the issues above. I conducted a mitochondrial and nuclear molecular phylogenetic analysis, including all Australian species of Coptotermes as well as members of the genus from around the world to estimate the timing and pattern of diversification in this group. Using environmental niche analysis software, I estimated the environmental niches of all Australian Coptotermes and compared them to determine environmental influences on the evolution of moundbuilding behaviour in this group and to analyse patterns of diversification in the group over evolutionary time. Having found two divergent genetic lineages among the Australian Coptotermes, I described two new species from Queensland and Western Australia based on morphological and molecular data. I performed the first investigation of colony and population structure in the Australian pest rhinotermitid Schedorhinotermes intermedius, using five microsatellites markers I discovered, and I also tested one hypothesis concerning the presence of all-female workers and soldiers in this species. Finally, we investigated the role of juvenile hormone analogues in inducing the differentiation of presoldiers in Coptotermes lacteus, S. intermedius, and Mastotermes darwiniensis. My project shows that the Australian Coptotermes termites arrived in Australia from South- East Asia about 12.5 million years ago and rapidly diversified, adapting to newly developing environments very different to those in which their ancestors existed. I found that the Australian Coptotermes’ niches diverged rapidly and that the degree of niche similarity between taxa was uncorrelated with their degree of phylogenetic relatedness. I also found that the Australian mound-building Coptotermes live in significantly different ecological niches from one another. My project also adds two new species to the known Australian Coptotermes fauna- C. cooloolae and C. nanus- and provides evidence that there are yet more species undiscovered in this group. This project also confirms genetically that S. intermedius colonies are usually headed by a single king and queen, with some being headed by secondary reproductives. I was able to rule out parthenogenesis as a mechanism maintaining its strongly biased sex ratio. Finally, this project demonstrated that C. lacteus and S. intermedius workers can be induced to differentiate into presoldiers using juvenile hormone analogues Hydroprene and Methoprene, with the former much more readily differentiating than the latter. This study furthers our understanding of the Australian termite fauna. My work contributes to the discussion of the systematics of the Australian Rhinotermitidae, our understanding of their evolution and colony dynamics.
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48

Scicchitano, Vito <1989&gt. "Genetic diversity and breeding systems of European termites (Blattodea, Termitoidae)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8371/1/vito_scicchitano_tesi.pdf.

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Termitoidae is an epifamily of the order Blattodea comprising hemimetabolous eusocial insects commonly known as termites. My PhD research project focused on the analysis of the genetic diversity and breeding systems in native European termite species belonging to Reticulitermes and Kalotermes genera. Investigations were performed at the intrageneric level with comparisons also at the intergeneric one in order to highlight new insights on the evolution of eusociality. My surveys, performed through genetic and morphological approaches, had the following main goals: i) a deep phylogeographic investigation of Balkan, Italian, and French colonies of R. urbis in order to clarify the invasive status of this species and to identify the native source population(s); ii) a more detailed picture of Kalotermes biogeography and evolution in Europe, quantifying, in addition, the real extent of colony mixing in these termites; iii) a microsatellite survey of the French R. grassei, R. flavipes and Italian R. lucifugus populations in order to verify, providing genetic evidences, the reproductive strategies of the former two species and to describe new insights of the AQS strategy in Italian colonies of R. lucifugus; iiii) a preliminary molecular investigation, using the bacterial FtsZ marker, on Reticulitermes and Kalotermes termite species in order to identify Wolbachia infection and to characterize the relevant strains, paying particular attention to the AQS species R. lucifugus and to mixed colonies of the Kalotermes genus to verify whether Wolbachia presence can be related to particular breeding systems.
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49

Rouland-Lefèvre, Corinne. "Contribution à l'étude des osidases digestives de plusieurs espèces de termites africains : purification et caractérisation des cellulases et des xylanases du termite Macrotermes mülleri (Termitidae, Macroterminae) et de son champignon symbiotique." Paris 12, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA120022.

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L'etude des osidases digestives presentes dans l'intestin moyen et l'intestin posterieur de 6 especes de termites a ete entreprise afin de preciser le mode de nutrition de ces termites et leur impact sur les differents substrats vegetaux et de comparer les roles respectifs du termite et des micro-organismes symbiotiques dans la degradation de la matiere vegetale
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50

Laduguie, Marcel Nathalie. "Phéromones de piste et phéromones sexuelles chez les termites : étude chez Reticulitermes Santonensis Feytaud, Pseudacanthotermes Spiniger (Sjostedt) et Nasutitermes Lujae (Wasmann)." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS026.

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Le comportement de recherche de nourriture a été etudié chez le termite nasutitermes lujae. Un polyéthisme de caste entre ouvriers et soldats est apparu: ces derniers ne participent pas directement a la recherche. Il existe également un polyéthisme temporel entre les ouvriers, à relier avec un polymorphisme temporel: les ouvriers les plus agés participent plus aux activités extérieures. La phéromone de piste produite par la glande sternale sert à baliser les pistes. Chez Pseudacanthotermes spiniger et Reticulitermes santonensis, la phéromone de piste est le (ZZE)-3,6,8-dodécatrien-1-ol. Chez Nasutitermes Lujae, cette molécule est très active mais n'est pas la vraie phéromone. La phéromone de piste apparait très peu spécifique chez les termites, que ce soit au niveau de l'espèce ou de la caste. Chez les essaimants, la même glande sternale produit la phéromone sexuelle. Cette phéromone, qui permet le rapprochement des partenaires, a été identifiée comme étant également le dodécatrienol chez Reticulitermes santonensis. Ainsi, cette molécule peut induire des comportements différents selon la concentration à laquelle elle est émise et la sensibilité de l'individu qui la perçoit
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