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Journal articles on the topic 'Ternary surface complex'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Banaszynski, Laura A., Corey W. Liu, and Thomas J. Wandless. "Characterization of the FKBP·Rapamycin·FRB Ternary Complex." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 13 (April 2005): 4715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja043277y.

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2

Bakhtiyarly, Ikhtiyar Bahram oglu, Ruksana Jalal kizi Kurbanova, Shahri Seyfaly kizi Abdullaeva, Ziyafat Mamed kizi Mukhtarova, and Fatmahanum Mamed Mammadova. "Liquidus surface of the quasi-ternary system Cu2S–In2S3–FeS." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 23, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2021.23/3293.

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A projection of the liquidus surface of the quasi-ternary system Cu2S-In2S3-FeS was constructed as a result of experimental studies of quasi-binary and non-quasi-binary sections and based on the data on binary systems comprising a ternary system.Each section (six quasi-binary and four non-quasi-binary ones) was studied separately using complex methods of physicochemical analysis: differential thermal analysis, X-ray phase analysis, and microstructural analysis.It was found that the quasi-ternary system Cu2S-In2S3-FeS has six fields of primary crystallisation of separate phases and eleven monovariant equilibrium curves along which two phases are co-crystallised. Non-variant equilibrium points were obtained through the extrapolation of the direction of monovariant equilibrium curves.The quasi-ternary system Cu2S-In2S3-FeS is characterised by 17 non-variant equilibrium points, where Е1-Е5 are triple eutectic points.The projection diagram of the liquidus surface is characterised by three crystallisation fields of the initial componets (Cu2S, In2S3, FeS), four fields of binary compounds, and one field of a complex compound (CuFeIn3S6).Since complete solubility of the initial components in liquid and solid states is observed in the quasi-binary section CuIn5S8‑FeIn2S4, the fields of primary crystallisation of CuIn5S8 and FeIn2S4 are absent; they are replaced by an unlimited solid solution based on these components.The fields of primary crystallisation of Cu2S, FeS, and CuInS2 are the most extensive in the ternary system Cu2S-In2S3-FeS. The reactions occurring at monovariant equilibrium points are presented.
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3

Mallik, S., R. Prasad, K. Das, and P. Sen. "Alcohol functionality in the fatty acid backbone of sphingomyelin guides the inhibition of blood coagulation." RSC Advances 11, no. 6 (2021): 3390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09218e.

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4

Katona, Jaroslav, Verica Sovilj, Lidija Petrovic, and Nenad Mucic. "Tensiometric investigation of the interaction and phase separation in a polymer mixture-ionic surfactant ternary system." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 6 (2010): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100112056k.

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The interaction and phase separation in a ternary mixture composed of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) were investigated by tensiometry. Surface tension measurements of binary mixtures (0.7 % HPMC and 0.00-2.00 % SDS) and of ternary mixtures (0.7 % HPMC, 0.3 % NaCMC, and 0.00-2.00 % SDS) were performed. The measurements indicated interaction between HPMC and SDS, which resulted in HPMC-SDS complex formation. The critical association concentration, CAC, and polymer saturation point, PSP, were determined. Phase separation of ternary HPMC/SDS/NaCMC mixtures occurs at SDS concentration > CAC, i.e., when the HPMC-SDS complex is formed. The volume of the coacervate increases with increasing SDS concentration, and at SDS concentrations >1.00 %, the coacervate vanishes. The surface tensions (?) of ternary HPMC/SDS/NaCMC mixtures in the precoacervation region and at the onset of the coacervation region are similar to the ? of the corresponding binary HPMC-SDS mixtures, while in the coacervation and post coacervation region, they are close to the ? of the corresponding SDS solutions.
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5

Liu, Wei, and Vladimir Parpura. "SNAREs: Could They be the Answer to an Energy Landscape Riddle in Exocytosis?" Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 1258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.137.

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During exocytosis, chemical transmitters stored in secretory vesicles can be released upon fusion of these intracellular organelles to the plasma membrane. In this process, SNARE proteins that form a ternary core complex play a central role. This complex could provide the means for generation/storage of energy necessary for driving the fusion of vesicular and plasma membranes. Recently, the amount of energy for (dis)assembly of the ternary complex has been measured using various experimental approaches, including atomic force microscopy, the surface force apparatus, and isothermal titration calorimetry. The obtained measurements are in good agreement with the calculated energy required for membrane fusion achieved by theoretical modeling approaches. Whether the energy expenditure to form the ternary SNARE complex can be utilized towards membrane fusion and/or docking/tethering of vesicles to the plasma membrane still remains one of the key contemporary issues in biophysics and neuroscience.
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6

Swedlund, P. J., and J. G. Webster. "Cu and Zn ternary surface complex formation with SO4 on ferrihydrite and schwertmannite." Applied Geochemistry 16, no. 5 (April 2001): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(00)00044-5.

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7

Verma, Parveen Kumar, and Prasanta Kumar Mohapatra. "Effect of different complexing ligands on europium uptake from aqueous phase by kaolinite: batch sorption and fluorescence studies." RSC Advances 6, no. 87 (2016): 84464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17984c.

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The fluorescence studies suggested that the Eu(iii) sorbs as Eu(iii)–oxalate complex (binary system) onto kaolinite surface in the ternary system of Eu(iii), oxalic acid and kaolinite at circumneutral pH conditions.
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8

Goworek, J. "Adsorption of Alcohols from Multicomponent Solutions onto Silica Gel." Adsorption Science & Technology 3, no. 3 (September 1986): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361748600300303.

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Adsorption equilibria of the binary and ternary solutions of alcohols in benzene and n-heptane on silica gel have been studied in order to clarify their mechanisms of adsorption. Excess adsorption isotherms have been measured for hydrocarbon solutions of methanol, ethanol, butanol and pentanol. Interpretation of the experimental data was performed in terms of material balance between bulk and surface phase. In n-heptane solutions the multilayer surface structure is formed and the surface phase contains the alcohol only. For benzene and ternary (alcohol + benzene + n-heptane) solutions a mixed surface phase is observed whose composition is determined by competition of liquid components for silica surface as well as its tendency to complex. Moreover, the extent of adsorption in methanol systems is connected with the miscibility of liquid components.
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9

Ma, Yang-Yang, Wen-Xian Li, Yu-Shan Zheng, Jin-Rong Bao, Yi-Lian Li, Li-Na Feng, Kui-Suo Yang, Yan Qiao, and An-Ping Wu. "Preparation, characterization and luminescence properties of core–shell ternary terbium composites SiO 2(600) @Tb(MABA-Si)•L." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 171655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171655.

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Two novel core–shell structure ternary terbium composites SiO 2(600) @Tb(MABA-Si)·L(L:dipy/phen) nanometre luminescence materials were prepared by ternary terbium complexes Tb(MABA-Si)·L 2 ·(ClO 4 ) 3 ·2H 2 O shell grafted onto the surface of SiO 2 microspheres. And corresponding ternary terbium complexes were synthesized using (CONH(CH 2 ) 3 Si(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 3 ) 2 (denoted as MABA-Si) as first ligand and L as second ligand coordinated with terbium perchlorate. The as-synthesized products were characterized by means of IR spectra, 1 HNMR, element analysis, molar conductivity, SEM and TEM. It was found that the first ligand MABA-Si of terbium ternary complex hydrolysed to generate the Si–OH and the Si–OH condensate with the Si–OH on the surface of SiO 2 microspheres; then ligand MABA-Si grafted onto the surface of SiO 2 microspheres. The diameter of SiO 2 core of SiO 2(600) @Tb(MABA-Si)·L was approximately 600 nm. Interestingly, the luminescence properties demonstrate that the two core–shell structure ternary terbium composites SiO 2(600) Tb(MABA-Si)·L(dipy/phen) exhibit strong emission intensities, which are 2.49 and 3.35 times higher than that of the corresponding complexes Tb(MABA-Si)·L 2 ·(ClO 4 ) 3 ·2H 2 O, respectively. Luminescence decay curves show that core–shell structure ternary terbium composites have longer lifetime. Excellent luminescence properties enable the core–shell materials to have potential applications in medicine, industry, luminescent fibres and various biomaterials fields.
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10

Opoku, Francis, Noah K. Asare-Donkor, and Anthony A. Adimado. "Theoretical study of the gas-phase decomposition of Pb[(C6H5)2PSSe]2 single-source precursor for the chemical vapour deposition of binary and ternary lead chalcogenides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 3 (March 2015): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0440.

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A theoretical study of Pb(II) square planar thioselenophosphinate, Pb[(C6H5)2PSSe]2 precursor for the chemical vapour deposition process of preparing lead chalcogenides, has been carried out. The geometries of the species were optimized by employing the density functional theory. The transition states as well as the linked intermediates linking them were confirmed with frequency analyses. The density functional theory calculation (M06/LACVP*, gas) reveals that kinetically, the steps that lead to PbSe formation are more favourable than those that lead to PbS and ternary PbSexS1−x formation on both the singlet and the doublet potential energy surface. However, thermodynamically, the steps that lead to ternary PbSexS1−x formation are more favourable than those that lead to PbSe and PbS formation on the doublet potential energy surface. On the singlet potential energy surface, an alternative route leading to the formation of ternary PbSexS1−x is more favoured on both thermodynamic and kinetic grounds than those that lead to PbSe and PbS formation. The computational studies indicate that the decomposition of the complex in chemical vapour deposition may involve more than one step, and thus the formation of ternary PbSexS1−x is a result of thermodynamic and kinetic factors in controlling the material formed during the deposition process.
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11

Ito, Tomoko, Yoshiyuki Koyama, and Makoto Otsuka. "Analysis of the surface structure of DNA/polycation/hyaluronic acid ternary complex by Raman microscopy." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 51, no. 1 (January 2010): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.024.

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12

McKenna, Charles E., Boris A. Kashemirov, Thomas G. Upton, Vinod K. Batra, Myron F. Goodman, Lars C. Pedersen, William A. Beard, and Samuel H. Wilson. "(R)-β,γ-Fluoromethylene-dGTP-DNA Ternary Complex with DNA Polymerase β." Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, no. 50 (December 2007): 15412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja072127v.

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13

Chen, Bin, Ute Baumeister, Gerhard Pelzl, Malay Kumar Das, Xiangbing Zeng, Goran Ungar, and Carsten Tschierske. "Carbohydrate Rod Conjugates: Ternary Rod−Coil Molecules Forming Complex Liquid Crystal Structures." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 47 (November 2005): 16578–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0535357.

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14

Disse, Jennifer, Helle Heibroch Petersen, Katrine S. Larsen, Egon Persson, Naomi Esmon, Charles Esmon, Lars C. Petersen, Luc Teyton, and Wolfram Ruf. "The Endothelial Protein C Receptor Supports TF-VIIa-Xa Ternary Complex Signaling through Protease-Activated Receptors." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1144.1144.

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Abstract Abstract 1144 Protease-activated receptor (PAR) signaling is closely linked to the cellular activation of the pro- and anticoagulant pathways. In contrast to thrombin that directly binds to and activates PAR1, other coagulation factors are dependent on co-receptors for efficient PAR cleavage. The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is crucial for protein C (PC) activation by thrombomodulin-bound thrombin and supports signaling of activated PC through PAR1. EPCR may play additional roles by interacting with procoagulant proteases. EPCR binds the Gla-domain of human coagulation factor VII and conflicting reports exist about the role of EPCR as a receptor for FX. We studied the interaction of murine soluble EPCR extracellular domain (sEPCR) under physiological concentrations of divalent cations Ca2+/Mg2+. BIAcore measurements showed that murine sEPCR bound both human and mouse complexes of soluble tissue factor (TF) with FVIIa, as well as human FX. In a lipid free system measuring only protein-protein interactions, amidolytic activity of soluble TF-FVIIa was not changed by sEPCR. However, sEPCR dose dependently inhibited FX activation by both human and mouse soluble TF-FVIIa, indicating that sEPCR interacted with the TF-FVIIa-FX extrinsic activation complex. On human cells, TF forms two signaling complexes, the non-coagulant TF-FVIIa binary complex that activates PAR2 and the ternary TF-FVIIa-FXa complex that signals through PAR1 or PAR2. Overexpression of PAR2 in HUVECs resulted in PAR2 activation by activated PC, and in these transduced cells TF-FVIIa-FXa ternary complex signaling was inhibited by antibody blockade of EPCR. Human HaCaT keratinocytes constitutively synthesize TF and represent a well characterized model of TF binary and ternary complex signaling through PAR2. FACS analysis showed that EPCR was expressed on the cell surface and antibody blockade of EPCR prevented TF-FVIIa-Xa ternary, but not TF-FVIIa binary complex signaling. Mutation of FVIIa Gla residues had no effect on ternary complex signaling, indicating a primary interaction of EPCR with FX/FXa. To expand these studies to murine cells that constitutively express EPCR and TF, we isolated lung smooth muscle cells (SMC) from wild-type, PAR1-/-, PAR2-/-, and EPCRlow mice. Stimulation of SMC with thrombin, high concentrations of FXa, or FVIIa/FX, but not FVIIa alone induced PAR1-dependent signaling. While thrombin signaling was unaltered, EPCRlow SMC showed no response to the ternary complex measured by ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In order to exclude indirect effects on SMC phenotypes due to prolonged EPCR-deficiency in vivo, we further deleted EPCR in vitro by adenoviral transduction with cre recombinase from EPCRfloxflox SMC or blocked EPCR function with antibodies to murine EPCR. Both approaches inhibited TF ternary complex, but not thrombin signaling. These results show that EPCR interacts with the TF coagulation initiation complex to enable specifically ternary complex signaling and suggest that EPCR may play a role in regulating the biology of TF expressing extravascular and vessel wall cells that are exposed to limited concentrations of FVIIa and FX provided by ectopic synthesis or vascular leakage. Disclosures: Heibroch Petersen: Novo Nordisk: Employment. Persson:Novo Nordisk: Employment. Petersen:Novo Nordisk: Employment. Ruf:Novo Nordisk: Research Funding.
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15

Akel, Samah, Malak A. Sharif, Razan Al-Esseili, Mohammad A. Al-Wahish, Hamdallah A. Hodali, Peter Müller-Buschbaum, Lukas Schmidt-Mende, and Mahmoud Al-Hussein. "Photovoltaic cells based on ternary P3HT:PCBM: Ruthenium(II) complex bearing 8-(diphenylphosphino)quinoline active layer." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 622 (August 2021): 126685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126685.

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16

Strawn, Daniel G. "Sorption Mechanisms of Chemicals in Soils." Soil Systems 5, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5010013.

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Sorption of chemicals onto soil particle surfaces is an important process controlling their availability for uptake by organisms and loss from soils to ground and surface waters. The mechanisms of chemical sorption are inner- and outer-sphere adsorption and precipitation onto mineral surfaces. Factors that determine the sorption behavior are properties of soil mineral and organic matter surfaces and properties of the sorbing chemicals (including valence, electron configuration, and hydrophobicity). Because soils are complex heterogeneous mixtures, measuring sorption mechanisms is challenging; however, advancements analytical methods have made direct determination of sorption mechanisms possible. In this review, historical and modern research that supports the mechanistic understanding of sorption mechanisms in soils is discussed. Sorption mechanisms covered include cation exchange, outer-sphere adsorption, inner-sphere adsorption, surface precipitation, and ternary adsorption complexes.
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17

Banaszynski, Laura A., Corey W. Liu, and Thomas J. Wandless. "Characterization of the FKBP·Rapamycin·FRB Ternary Complex [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2005,127, 4715−4721]." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 49 (December 2006): 15928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0699788.

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18

Hayashi, Yukiko, Stefano Santoro, Yuki Azuma, Fahmi Himo, Takashi Ohshima, and Kazushi Mashima. "Enzyme-Like Catalysis via Ternary Complex Mechanism: Alkoxy-Bridged Dinuclear Cobalt Complex Mediates Chemoselective O-Esterification over N-Amidation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 135, no. 16 (April 12, 2013): 6192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja400367h.

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19

Su, Pi-Guey, and Ping-Hsiang Lu. "Electrical and Humidity-Sensing Properties of Impedance-Type Humidity Sensors that Were Made of Ag Microwires/PPy/SnO2 Ternary Composites." Chemosensors 8, no. 4 (September 27, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors8040092.

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Impedance-type humidity sensors were fabricated via one-step UV-irradiation photopolymerization of Ag microwires (Ag MWs), polypyrrole (PPy) and SnO2 ternary composite (Ag MWs/PPy/SnO2) films on an alumina substrate. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping were used to analyze the morphology, structure, and composition of Ag MWs/PPy/SnO2 ternary composite films. Microstructural observations revealed that the Ag MWs were embedded, and PPy formed on the surface of the Ag MWs/PPy/SnO2 ternary composite film. The effects of the addition amounts of loading of Ag and PPy on the electrical and humidity-sensing properties of the Ag MWs/PPy/SnO2 ternary composite films were investigated. The impedance-type humidity sensor based on Ag MWs/PPy/SnO2 ternary composite film containing 6 mg of Ag and 0.1 g of PPy had the highest sensitivity and an acceptable linearity over the RH ranged from 10% to 90% RH, a low hysteresis, a fast response time, and long-term stability. This technique is useful for practical application because its fast and ease of fabrication. The ions (H3O+) that dominate the impedance changed with relative humidity (RH) for the humidity sensor that based on Ag MWs/PPy/SnO2 ternary composite film was analyzed using complex impedance spectra.
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20

Kawada, Kenji, Geeta Upadhyay, Sébastien Ferandon, Sailajah Janarthanan, Matthew Hall, Jean-Pierre Vilardaga, and Vijay Yajnik. "Cell Migration Is Regulated by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Endocytosis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 16 (June 15, 2009): 4508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00015-09.

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ABSTRACT Cell migration requires spatial and temporal processes that detect and transfer extracellular stimuli into intracellular signals. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor is a cell surface receptor on fibroblasts that regulates proliferation and chemotaxis in response to PDGF. How the PDGF signal is transmitted accurately through the receptor into cells is an unresolved question. Here, we report a new intracellular signaling pathway by which DOCK4, a Rac1 guanine exchange factor, and Dynamin regulate cell migration by PDGF receptor endocytosis. We showed by a series of biochemical and microscopy techniques that Grb2 serves as an adaptor protein in the formation of a ternary complex between the PDGF receptor, DOCK4, and Dynamin, which is formed at the leading edge of cells. We found that this ternary complex regulates PDGF-dependent cell migration by promoting PDGF receptor endocytosis and Rac1 activation at the cell membrane. This study revealed a new mechanism by which cell migration is regulated by PDGF receptor endocytosis.
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21

Zenobi, María C., and Elsa H. Rueda. "Ternary surface complex: coadsorption of Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic) acid onto boehmite." Química Nova 35, no. 3 (2012): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40422012000300012.

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22

Xu, Xingfu, Peter Schürmann, Jung-Sung Chung, Mathias A. S. Hass, Sung-Kun Kim, Masakazu Hirasawa, Jatindra N. Tripathy, David B. Knaff, and Marcellus Ubbink. "Ternary Protein Complex of Ferredoxin, Ferredoxin:Thioredoxin Reductase, and Thioredoxin Studied by Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy." Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, no. 48 (December 9, 2009): 17576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja904205k.

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23

Basa, Prem N., Chelsea A. Barr, Kady M. Oakley, Xiaomeng Liang, and Shawn C. Burdette. "Zinc Photocages with Improved Photophysical Properties and Cell Permeability Imparted by Ternary Complex Formation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, no. 30 (June 30, 2019): 12100–12108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b05504.

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24

Reiller, P. E. "Modelling metal–humic substances–surface systems: reasons for success, failure and possible routes for peace of mind." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 7 (December 2012): 2643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.7.02.

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AbstractIron oxides and oxyhydroxides are commonly of considerable importance in the sorption of ions onto rocks, soils and sediments. They can be the controlling sorptive phases even if they are present in relatively small quantities. In common with other oxides and clay minerals, the sorption pH-edge of metals is directly linked to their hydrolysis: the higher the residual charge on the metal ion, the lower the pH-edge. Modelling of this process has been successfully carried out using different microscopic or macroscopic definitions of the interface (e.g. surface complexation or ion exchange models that may or may not include mineralogical descriptions). The influence of organic material on the sorption of many metals is of significant. This organic material includes simple organic molecules and more complex exopolymeric substances (e.g. humic substances) produced by the decay of natural organic matter. Sorption of this organic material to mineral surfaces has been the subject of a large body of work. The various types of organic substances do not share the same affinities for mineral surfaces in general, and for iron oxides and oxyhydroxides in particular. In those cases in which successful models of the component binary systems (i.e. metal–surface, metal–organic, organic–surface) have been developed, the formation of mixed surface complexes, the evolution of the surface itself, the addition order in laboratory systems, and the evolution of natural organic matter fractions during sorption, have often precluded a satisfactory description of metal–surface–organic ternary systems over a sufficiently wide range of parameter values (i.e. pH, ionic strength, concentration of humic substances). This manuscript describes the reasons for some successes and failures in the modelling of the ternary systems. Promising recent advances and possible methods of providing more complete descriptions of these intricate systems are also discussed.
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25

Zaromytidou, Alexia-Ileana, Francesc Miralles, and Richard Treisman. "MAL and Ternary Complex Factor Use Different Mechanisms To Contact a Common Surface on the Serum Response Factor DNA-Binding Domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 11 (June 1, 2006): 4134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01902-05.

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ABSTRACT The transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) interacts with its cofactor, MAL/MKL1, a member of the myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) family, through its DNA-binding domain. We define a seven-residue sequence within the conserved MAL B1 region essential and sufficient for complex formation. The neighboring Q-box sequence facilitates this interaction. The B1 and Q-box regions also have antagonistic effects on MAL nuclear import, but the residues involved are largely distinct. Both MAL and the ternary complex factor (TCF) family of SRF cofactors interact with a hydrophobic groove and pocket on the SRF DNA-binding domain. Unlike the TCFs, however, interaction of MAL with SRF is impaired by SRF αI-helix mutations that reduce DNA bending in the SRF-DNA complex. A clustered SRF αI-helix mutation strongly impairs MAL-SRF complex formation but does not affect DNA distortion in the MAL-SRF complex. MAL-SRF complex formation is facilitated by DNA binding. DNase I footprinting indicates that in the SRF-MAL complex MAL directly contacts DNA. These contacts, which flank the DNA sequences protected from DNase I by SRF, are required for effective MAL-SRF complex formation in gel mobility shift assays. We propose a model of MAL-SRF complex formation in which MAL interacts with SRF by the addition of a β-strand to the SRF DNA-binding domain β-sheet region, while SRF-induced DNA bending facilitates MAL-DNA contact.
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26

BERNARDO, M. Margarida, and Rafael FRIDMAN. "TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2) regulates MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) activity in the extracellular environment after pro-MMP-2 activation by MT1 (membrane type 1)-MMP." Biochemical Journal 374, no. 3 (September 15, 2003): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20030557.

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The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 has a crucial role in extracellular matrix degradation associated with cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. The latent form, pro-MMP-2, is activated on the cell surface by the membrane-tethered membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP, in a process regulated by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2. A complex of active MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 binds pro-MMP-2 forming a ternary complex, which permits pro-MMP-2 activation by a TIMP-2-free neighbouring MT1-MMP. It remains unclear how MMP-2 activity in the pericellular space is regulated in the presence of TIMP-2. To address this question, the effect of TIMP-2 on MMP-2 activity in the extracellular space was investigated in live cells, and their isolated plasma membrane fractions, engineered to control the relative levels of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 expression. We show that both free and inhibited MMP-2 is detected in the medium, and that the net MMP-2 activity correlates with the level of TIMP-2 expression. Studies to displace MT1-MMP-bound TIMP-2 in a purified system with active MMP-2 show minimal displacement of inhibitor, under the experimental conditions, due to the high affinity interaction between TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP. Thus inhibition of MMP-2 activity in the extracellular space is unlikely to result solely as a result of TIMP-2 dissociation from its complex with MT1-MMP. Consistently, immunoblot analyses of plasma membranes, and surface biotinylation experiments show that the level of surface association of TIMP-2 is independent of MT1-MMP expression. Thus low-affinity binding of TIMP-2 to sites distinct to MT1-MMP may have a role in regulating MMP-2 activity in the extracellular space generated by the ternary complex.
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27

Ahamed, Jasimuddin, Mattias Belting, and Wolfram Ruf. "Regulation of Tissue Factor Signaling by Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1930.1930.

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Abstract Tissue factor initiates the coagulation cascade as well as cellular signaling through the activation of cell surface protease activated receptors (PARs), relevant to inflammation, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1) is the major regulator of TF initiated coagulation, but recombinant TFPI-1 (rTFPI-1) has shown limited efficacy on sepsis-associated inflammatory responses and mortality. In TNF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we demonstrate with specific blocking antibodies that endogenous TFPI effectively controls TF procoagulant activity as well as TF-dependent signaling through PAR1 and PAR2. The effect of rTFPI-1 on coagulation and signaling was tested in TF-transfected CHO-cells or in HUVECs transduced with TF to overcome the inhibitory threshold of endogenous TFPI-1. Under conditions that specifically measure signaling of the ternary TF-VIIa-Xa complex, 2.5–5 nM rTFPI-1 inhibited TF-dependent Xa generation by >80% but the signaling of the ternary complex through PAR1 at these concentrations of rTFPI-1 was only marginally inhibited. Moreover, studies with proteoglycan-deficient CHO cells provided genetic evidence that PG binding facilitates the inhibitory activities of rTFPI-1 on coagulation and signaling. In HUVECs that co-expressed PAR2 with TF, three different signaling responses of the ternary TF-VIIa-Xa complex were inhibited by ~ 50% at 1.2–2.5 nM rTFPI-1, but the inhibitory potency of rTFPI-1 to block Xa generation was consistently higher relative to its effect on signaling. These data demonstrate that coagulation initiation phase signaling can occur in the absence of the activation of coagulation. The results also establish that endogenously expressed TFPI-1, known to be entirely GPI-anchored in endothelial cells, is a potent, negative regulator of ternary complex-mediated PAR signaling. The efficacy of rTPFI-1 appears to be influenced by the presence of PAR2, further emphasizing the close reciprocal signaling linkage of PAR2 and TF demonstrated in angiogenesis and cellular signaling targeting the TF cytoplasmic domain by phosphorylation.
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28

Ohkubo, Y. Zenmei, and Emad Tajkhorshid. "Formation of Ternary Complex of Factor VIIa, Tissue Factor, and Factor X on the Surface of Anionic Membrane." Biophysical Journal 102, no. 3 (January 2012): 260a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1432.

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29

Sun, W. S., H. F. Zhang, B. Z. Ding, and Z. Q. Hu. "Relationship of glass formation ability and eutectics in ternary Ni–Zr–B system." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 9 (September 2004): 2523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0333.

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Five Ni–Zr–B ternary eutectic alloys were synthesized by means of melt spinning and were found “amorphous” by standard surface x-ray diffraction. The thermal stability was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Glass-formation ability (GFA) was characterized by reduced glass transition temperature among the five “amorphous” alloys. The existence of intermetallic compounds which are structurally complex and have bigger lattice parameters is proved to enhance the higher GFA. The effective suppression of nucleation and growth of intermetallic compounds plays a very important role for the glass formation.
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Liang, Hai Po H., Edward J. Kerschen, Irene Hernandez, Sreemanti Basu, Mark Zogg, Fady Botros, Shuang Jia, et al. "EPCR-dependent PAR2 activation by the blood coagulation initiation complex regulates LPS-triggered interferon responses in mice." Blood 125, no. 18 (April 30, 2015): 2845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-11-610717.

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Abstract Infection and inflammation are invariably associated with activation of the blood coagulation mechanism, secondary to the inflammation-induced expression of the coagulation initiator tissue factor (TF) on innate immune cells. By investigating the role of cell-surface receptors for coagulation factors in mouse endotoxemia, we found that the protein C receptor (ProcR; EPCR) was required for the normal in vivo and in vitro induction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-regulated gene expression. In cultured bone marrow–derived myeloid cells and in monocytic RAW264.7 cells, the LPS-induced expression of functionally active TF, assembly of the ternary TF-VIIa-Xa initiation complex of blood coagulation, and the EPCR-dependent activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) by the ternary TF-VIIa-Xa complex were required for the normal LPS induction of messenger RNAs encoding the TLR3/4 signaling adaptor protein Pellino-1 and the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8. In response to in vivo challenge with LPS, mice lacking EPCR or PAR2 failed to fully initiate an interferon-regulated gene expression program that included the Irf8 target genes Lif, Iigp1, Gbp2, Gbp3, and Gbp6. The inflammation-induced expression of TF and crosstalk with EPCR, PAR2, and TLR4 therefore appear necessary for the normal evolution of interferon-regulated host responses.
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31

Baston, G. M. N., M. M. Cowper, T. G. Heath, T. A. Marshall, and S. W. Swanton. "The effect of cellulose degradation products on thorium sorption onto hematite: studies of a model ternary system." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 8 (December 2012): 3381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.8.51.

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AbstractCellulose degradation products (CDPs) can complex with radioelements causing solubility enhancement and sorption reduction, effects which are detrimental to the containment of radionuclides in the near field of a geological disposal facility and surrounding geosphere. Isosaccharinic acid (ISA) is the principal component of CDPs formed under the alkaline anaerobic conditions of a cement-based near field and appears to be largely responsible for the impact of CDPs on radionuclide solubility and sorption under near-field conditions. However, the situation appears to be more complicated under near-neutral pH geosphere conditions.A combined experimental and modelling study was undertaken to compare the impact of a CDP leachate to ISA in a simple model ternary sorption system consisting of hematite as a single mineral substrate, thorium as the radioelement and ISA or a CDP leachate as the complexant. Thorium sorbs strongly to hematite. A triple layer model for thorium sorption to hematite was refined to fit to the experimental data in the absence of ISA or CDP leachate; the effect of ISA on thorium sorption was then predicted.In the presence of CDP leachate, a significant reduction in thorium sorption was observed from pH 6 to 12 in good agreement with model predictions based on a high concentration of ISA. However, only a limited impact of ISA on thorium sorption was observed at pH 6 to 12, in contrast to predictions. The effects of ISA could be accounted for by assuming the formation of a ternary thorium–ISA–surface complex. The model has yet to be extended to the more complex CDP systems. Differences in the thorium speciation in solution due to the formation of a ternary calcium–thorium–ISA complex in the CDP leachate, which is absent from solutions with ISA only, provides the most likely explanation for the differences observed experimentally.
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Vuong, Phan Minh, Do Huu Duy Khoa, and Phan Thanh Thao. "Study on optimization of ternary complex of piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin-lysine inclusion in supercritical CO2." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.63(3).18-23.

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Piroxicam is a bioactive compound classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). However, its low solubility in water imposes a serious limitation for its application in the pharmaceutical industry. Using cyclodextrins to form complexes can enhance the dissolution rate, solubility, and bioavailability of piroxicam. In this study, piroxicam/β-cyclodextrin complexes are prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) in the solid state and the process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). UV-Vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dissolution profile in water were used to characterized the complex under optimized temperature, residence time, moisture, and ternary agent. Finally, the maximum reaction yield of the inclusion complex was predicted to be 95% at the optimal conditions of 266 bar, 136oC, 1.84:1 ratio of cyclodextrin:piroxicam, and 1.5:1 ratio of lysine:piroxicam. Large scale production of inclusion complexes can be developed from the results of this work on optimizing conditions.
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33

KAPOOR, Mili, P. L. Swarna MUKHI, Namita SUROLIA, K. SUGUNA, and Avadhesha SUROLIA. "Kinetic and structural analysis of the increased affinity of enoyl-ACP (acyl-carrier protein) reductase for triclosan in the presence of NAD+." Biochemical Journal 381, no. 3 (July 27, 2004): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040228.

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The binding of enoyl-ACP (acyl-carrier protein) reductase from Plasmodium falciparum (PfENR) with its substrates and inhibitors has been analysed by SPR (surface plasmon resonance). The binding of the substrate analogue crotonoyl-CoA and coenzyme NADH to PfENR was monitored in real time by observing changes in response units. The binding constants determined for crotonoyl-CoA and NADH were 1.6×104 M−1 and 1.9×104 M−1 respectively. Triclosan, which has recently been demonstrated as a potent antimalarial agent, bound to the enzyme with a binding constant of 1.08×105 M−1. However, there was a 300-fold increase in the binding constant in the presence of NAD+. The increase in the binding constant was due to a 17 times increase in the association rate constant (k1) from 741 M−1·s−1 to 1.3×104 M−1 ·s−1 and a 16 times decrease in the dissociation rate constant (k−1) from 6.84×10−3 s−1 to 4.2×10−4 s−1. These values are in agreement with those determined by steady-state kinetic analysis of the inhibition reaction [Kapoor, Reddy, Krishnasastry, N. Surolia and A. Surolia (2004) Biochem. J. 381, 719–724]. In SPR experiments, the binding of NAD+ to PfENR was not detected. However, a binding constant of 6.5×104 M−1 was obtained in the presence of triclosan. Further support for these observations was provided by the crystal structures of the binary and ternary complexes of PfENR. Thus the dramatic enhancement in the binding affinity of both triclosan and NAD+ in the ternary complex can be explained by increased van der Waals contacts in the ternary complex, facilitated by the movement of residues 318–324 of the substrate-binding loop and the nicotinamide ring of NAD+. Interestingly, the results of the present study also provide a rationale for the increased affinity of NAD+ for the enzyme in the ternary complex.
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Fitzhugh, Anthony L., Stephen Fodor, Seymour Kaufman, and Thomas G. Spiro. "Resonance Raman spectroscopic evidence for alternative structures in the native ternary complex formed with thymidylate synthase." Journal of the American Chemical Society 108, no. 23 (November 1986): 7422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00283a055.

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35

Xia, Shuangluo, William H. Konigsberg, and Jimin Wang. "Hydrogen-Bonding Capability of a Templating Difluorotoluene Nucleotide Residue in an RB69 DNA Polymerase Ternary Complex." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 26 (July 6, 2011): 10003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja2021735.

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36

Sevinsky, J. R., L. V. Rao, and W. Ruf. "Ligand-induced protease receptor translocation into caveolae: a mechanism for regulating cell surface proteolysis of the tissue factor-dependent coagulation pathway." Journal of Cell Biology 133, no. 2 (April 15, 1996): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.133.2.293.

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The ability to regulate proteolytic functions is critical to cell biology. We describe events that regulate the initiation of the coagulation cascade on endothelial cell surfaces. The transmembrane protease receptor tissue factor (TF) triggers coagulation by forming an enzymatic complex with the serine protease factor VIIa (VIIa) that activates substrate factor X to the protease factor Xa (Xa). Feedback inhibition of the TF-VIIa enzymatic complex is achieved by the formation of a quaternary complex of TF-VIIa, Xa, and the Kunitz-type inhibitor tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Concomitant with the downregulation of TF-VIIa function on endothelial cells, we demonstrate by immunogold EM that TF redistributes to caveolae. Consistently, TF translocates from the Triton X-100-soluble membrane fractions to low-density, detergent-insoluble microdomains that inefficiently support TF-VIIa proteolytic function. Downregulation of TF-VIIa function is dependent on quaternary complex formation with TFPI that is detected predominantly in detergent-insoluble microdomains. Partitioning of TFPI into low-density fractions results from the association of the inhibitor with glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored binding sites on external membranes. Free Xa is not efficiently bound by cell-associated TFPI; hence, we propose that the transient ternary complex of TF-VIIa with Xa supports translocation and assembly with TFPI in glycosphingolipid-rich microdomains. The redistribution of TF provides evidence for an assembly-dependent translocation of the inhibited TF initiation complex into caveolae, thus implicating caveolae in the regulation of cell surface proteolytic activity.
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37

Shigdel, Uddhav K., Seung-Joo Lee, Mathew E. Sowa, Brian R. Bowman, Keith Robison, Minyun Zhou, Khian Hong Pua, et al. "Genomic discovery of an evolutionarily programmed modality for small-molecule targeting of an intractable protein surface." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (June 30, 2020): 17195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006560117.

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The vast majority of intracellular protein targets are refractory toward small-molecule therapeutic engagement, and additional therapeutic modalities are needed to overcome this deficiency. Here, the identification and characterization of a natural product, WDB002, reveals a therapeutic modality that dramatically expands the currently accepted limits of druggability. WDB002, in complex with the FK506-binding protein (FKBP12), potently and selectively binds the human centrosomal protein 250 (CEP250), resulting in disruption of CEP250 function in cells. The recognition mode is unprecedented in that the targeted domain of CEP250 is a coiled coil and is topologically featureless, embodying both a structural motif and surface topology previously considered on the extreme limits of “undruggability” for an intracellular target. Structural studies reveal extensive protein–WDB002 and protein–protein contacts, with the latter being distinct from those seen in FKBP12 ternary complexes formed by FK506 and rapamycin. Outward-facing structural changes in a bound small molecule can thus reprogram FKBP12 to engage diverse, otherwise “undruggable” targets. The flat-targeting modality demonstrated here has the potential to expand the druggable target range of small-molecule therapeutics. As CEP250 was recently found to be an interaction partner with the Nsp13 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 disease, it is possible that WDB002 or an analog may exert useful antiviral activity through its ability to form high-affinity ternary complexes containing CEP250 and FKBP12.
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38

Sharma, Arun Kumar, Rashmi Sharma, and Antima Gangwal. "Surface tension investigation of ternary system: Copper surfactants 2-amino-6-chloro benzothiazole complex, benzene and methanol at 311." Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Chemistry 38c, no. 2 (2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-320x.2019.00019.0.

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39

Ozawa, Takeaki, Kazuki Sasaki, and Yoshio Umezawa. "Metal ion selectivity for formation of the calmodulin–metal–target peptide ternary complex studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 1434, no. 2 (October 1999): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00185-5.

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40

Kitazawa, Takehisa, Keiko Esaki, Tatsuhiko Tachibana, Shinya Ishii, Tetsuhiro Soeda, Atsushi Muto, Yoshiki Kawabe, et al. "Factor VIIIa-mimetic cofactor activity of a bispecific antibody to factors IX/IXa and X/Xa, emicizumab, depends on its ability to bridge the antigens." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 117, no. 07 (July 2017): 1348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th17-01-0030.

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SummaryEmicizumab, a humanised bispecific antibody recognising factors (F) IX/IXa and X/Xa, can accelerate FIXa-catalysed FX activation by bridging FIXa and FX in a manner similar to FVIIIa. However, details of the emicizumab–antigen interactions have not been reported so far. In this study, we first showed by surface plasmon resonance analysis that emicizumab bound FIX, FIXa, FX, and FXa with moderate affinities (K D = 1.58, 1.52, 1.85, and 0.978 μM, respectively). We next showed by immunoblotting analysis that emicizumab recognised the antigens’ epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. We then performed K D-based simulation of equilibrium states in plasma for quantitatively predicting the ways that emicizumab would interact with the antigens. The simulation predicted that only a small part of plasma FIX, FX, and emicizumab would form antigen-bridging FIX–emicizumab–FX ternary complex, of which concentration would form a bell-shaped relationship with emicizumab concentration. The bell-shaped concentration dependency was reproduced by plasma thrombin generation assays, suggesting that the plasma concentration of the ternary complex would correlate with emicizumab’s cofactor activity. The simulation also predicted that at 10.0–100 μg/ml of emicizumab–levels shown in a previous study to be clinically effective–the majority of plasma FIX, FX, and emicizumab would exist as monomers. In conclusion, emicizumab binds FIX/FIXa and FX/FXa with micromolar affinities at their EGF-like domains. The K D-based simulation predicted that the antigen-bridging ternary complex formed in circulating plasma would correlate with emicizumab’s cofactor activity, and the majority of FIX and FX would be free and available for other coagulation reactions.Institution where the work was carried out: Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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41

Vyas, J. M., R. R. Rich, D. D. Howell, S. M. Shawar, and J. R. Rodgers. "Availability of endogenous peptides limits expression of an M3a-Ld major histocompatibility complex class I chimera." Journal of Experimental Medicine 179, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.179.1.155.

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Taking advantage of our understanding of the peptide specificity of the major histocompatibility complex class I-b molecule M3a, we sought to determine why these molecules are poorly represented on the cell surface. To this end we constructed a chimeric molecule with the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of M3a and alpha 3 of Ld thereby allowing use of available monoclonal antibodies to quantify surface expression. Transfected, but not control, B10.CAS2 (H-2M3b) cells were lysed readily by M3a-restricted monoclonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, the chimera bound, trafficked, and presented endogenous mitochondrial peptides. However, despite high levels of M3a-Ld mRNA, transfectants were negative by surface staining. This finding was consistent with inefficient trafficking to the cell surface. Incubation at 26 degrees C, thought to permit trafficking of unoccupied heavy (H) chains, resulted in detectable cell surface expression of chimeric molecules. Incubation with exogenous peptide at 26 degrees C (but not at 37 degrees C) greatly enhanced expression of M3a-Ld molecules in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting stabilization of unoccupied molecules. Stable association of beta 2-microglobulin with the chimeric H chain was observed in labeled cell lysates only in the presence of exogenous specific peptide, indicating that peptide is required for the formation of a ternary complex. These results indicate that surface expression of M3a-Ld is limited largely by the steady-state availability of endogenous peptides. Since most known M3a-binding peptides are N-formylated, native M3a may normally be expressed at high levels only during infection by intracellular bacteria.
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42

Beattie, James, Kirsten Phillips, John H. Shand, Malgorzata Szymanowska, David J. Flint, and Gordon J. Allan. "Molecular recognition characteristics in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-insulin-like growth factor binding protein -3/5 (IGFBP-3/5) heparin axis." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 34, no. 1 (February 2005): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.1.01656.

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Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) -3 and -5 are known to interact with various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM; e.g. heparin and heparan sulphate) and this interaction is believed to affect the affinity of both IGFBP species for their cognate ligands – IGF-I and -II. There is little detail on the nature of the molecular complex formed between ECM components, IGFBPs and IGFs although the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparin has been reported to reduce the affinity of IGFBP-5 for IGF-I. In order to investigate this phenomenon further, we have undertaken an extensive surface plasmon resonance based biosensor study to report the affinity of IGFBP-3 and -5 for binding heparin (22 and 7 nM respectively). We have also shown that pre-complexation of IGFBP with IGF-I and -II inhibits the subsequent association of IGFBP with heparin and conversely that heparin complexation of IGFBP-3 and -5 inhibits IGFBP binding to biosensor surfaces containing immobilised IGF-I. In addition we have used both IGF-I and heparin coated biosensor surfaces in an attempt to build ternary IGF–IGFBP–heparin complexes in order to gain some insight into the nature of inhibition by heparin of IGFI–IGFBP complex formation. Our data lead us to conclude that the inhibition by heparin is partly competitive in nature, and that ternary complexes of IGF–IGFBP–heparin are either unable to form, or only form unstable transient complexes. The potential biological significance of our data is highlighted by the demonstration that IGF-I and IGF-II can displace endogenous IGFBP-5 from monolayer cultures of the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11.
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43

Hughes, Scott J., and Alessio Ciulli. "Molecular recognition of ternary complexes: a new dimension in the structure-guided design of chemical degraders." Essays in Biochemistry 61, no. 5 (November 8, 2017): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170041.

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Molecular glues and bivalent inducers of protein degradation (also known as PROTACs) represent a fascinating new modality in pharmacotherapeutics: the potential to knockdown previously thought ‘undruggable’ targets at sub-stoichiometric concentrations in ways not possible using conventional inhibitors. Mounting evidence suggests these chemical agents, in concert with their target proteins, can be modelled as three-body binding equilibria that can exhibit significant cooperativity as a result of specific ligand-induced molecular recognition. Despite this, many existing drug design and optimization regimens still fixate on binary target engagement, in part due to limited structural data on ternary complexes. Recent crystal structures of protein complexes mediated by degrader molecules, including the first PROTAC ternary complex, underscore the importance of protein–protein interactions and intramolecular contacts to the mode of action of this class of compounds. These discoveries have opened the door to a new paradigm for structure-guided drug design: borrowing surface area and molecular recognition from nature to elicit cellular signalling.
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44

Bell, Franziska, Qiao N. Ruan, Amir Golan, Paul R. Horn, Musahid Ahmed, Stephen R. Leone, and Martin Head-Gordon. "Dissociative Photoionization of Glycerol and its Dimer Occurs Predominantly via a Ternary Hydrogen-Bridged Ion–Molecule Complex." Journal of the American Chemical Society 135, no. 38 (September 11, 2013): 14229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja405511v.

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45

Hong, Eugene Yau-Hin, Chun-Ting Poon, and Vivian Wing-Wah Yam. "A Phosphole Oxide-Containing Organogold(III) Complex for Solution-Processable Resistive Memory Devices with Ternary Memory Performances." Journal of the American Chemical Society 138, no. 20 (May 10, 2016): 6368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b02629.

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46

Carreno, Marie Paule, Denis Labarre, FranÇOise Maillet, Marcel Jozefowicz, and Michel D. Kazatchkine. "Regulation of the human alternative complement pathway: formation of a ternary complex between factor h, surface-bound c3b and chemical groups on nonactivating surfaces." European Journal of Immunology 19, no. 11 (November 1989): 2145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830191126.

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47

Kaur, Harjeet, Chang Shin Park, Jodee M. Lewis, and Jason M. Haugh. "Quantitative model of Ras–phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling cross-talk based on co-operative molecular assembly." Biochemical Journal 393, no. 1 (December 12, 2005): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20051022.

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In growth-factor-stimulated signal transduction, cell-surface receptors recruit PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) and Ras-specific GEFs (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) to the plasma membrane, where they produce 3′-phosphorylated phosphoinositide lipids and Ras-GTP respectively. As a direct example of pathway networking, Ras-GTP also recruits and activates PI3Ks. To refine the mechanism of Ras–PI3K cross-talk and analyse its quantitative implications, we offer a theoretical model describing the assembly of complexes involving receptors, PI3K and Ras-GTP. While the model poses the possibility that a ternary receptor–PI3K–Ras complex forms in two steps, it also encompasses the possibility that receptor–PI3K and Ras–PI3K interactions are competitive. In support of this analysis, experiments with platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated fibroblasts revealed that Ras apparently enhances the affinity of PI3K for receptors; in the context of the model, this suggests that a ternary complex does indeed form, with the second step greatly enhanced through membrane localization and possibly allosteric effects. The apparent contribution of Ras to PI3K activation depends strongly on the quantities and binding affinities of the interacting molecules, which vary across different cell types and stimuli, and thus the model could be used to predict conditions under which PI3K signalling is sensitive to interventions targeting Ras.
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48

García-González, Nidia, Eduardo Ordoñez-Regil, María Guadalupe Almazán-Torres, and Eric Simoni. "Interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate and its reactivity toward uranium (VI)." Radiochimica Acta 106, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2017-2816.

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AbstractThe interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate surface and its reactivity toward uranium (VI) was investigated. The interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate was firstly studied using several analytical techniques including atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sorption of uranium (VI) onto surface-modified zirconium diphosphate was evaluated by the classical batch method at room temperature. This study showed that the uranium (VI) sorption onto zirconium diphosphate is influenced by the presence of salicylic acid. A fluorescence spectroscopy study revealed the presence of a uranyl specie onto the modified solid surface. The spectroscopy results were then used to restrain the modeling of experimental sorption data, which are interpreted in terms of a constant capacitance model using the FITEQL code. The results indicated that interaction between the uranium (VI) and the surface of zirconium diphosphate modified with salicylic acid leads to the formation of a ternary surface complex.
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49

Yakar, Shoshana, Mary L. Bouxsein, Ernesto Canalis, Hui Sun, Vaida Glatt, Caren Gundberg, Pinchas Cohen, et al. "The ternary IGF complex influences postnatal bone acquisition and the skeletal response to intermittent parathyroid hormone." Journal of Endocrinology 189, no. 2 (May 2006): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06657.

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The role of circulating IGF-I in skeletal acquisition and the anabolic response to PTH is not well understood. We generated IGF-I-deficient mice by gene deletions of IGF ternary complex components including: (1) liver-specific deletion of the IGF-I gene (LID), (2) global deletion of the acid-labile (ALS) gene (ALSKO), and (3) both liver IGF-I and ALS inactivated genes (LA). Twelve-week-old male control (CTL), LID, ALSKO, and LA mice were treated with vehicle (VEH) or human PTH(1–34) for 4 weeks. VEH-treated IGF-I-deficient mice (i.e. LID, ALSKO and LA mice) exhibited reduced cortical cross-sectional area (P = 0.001) compared with CTL mice; in contrast, femoral trabecular bone volume fractions (BV/TV) of the IGF-I-deficient mice were consistently greater than CTL (P<0.01). ALSKO mice exhibited markedly reduced osteoblast number and surface (P<0.05), as well as mineral apposition rate compared with other IGF-I-deficient and CTL mice. Adherent bone marrow stromal cells, cultured in β-glycerol phosphate and ascorbic acid, showed no strain differences in secreted IGF-I. In response to PTH, there were both compartment- and strain-specific effects. Cortical bone area was increased by PTH in CTL and ALSKO mice, but not in LID or LA mice. In the trabecular compartment, PTH increased femoral and vertebral BV/TV in LID, but not in ALSKO or LA mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the presentation of IGF-I as a circulating complex is essential for skeletal remodeling and the anabolic response to PTH. We postulate that the ternary complex itself, rather than IGF-I alone, influences bone acquisition in a compartment-specific manner (i.e. cortical vs trabecular bone).
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50

Zhan, Fuchao, Jing Li, Minqi Shi, Di Wu, and Bin Li. "Foaming Properties and Linear and Nonlinear Surface Dilatational Rheology of Sodium Caseinate, Tannin Acid, and Octenyl Succinate Starch Ternary Complex." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67, no. 8 (January 14, 2019): 2340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06356.

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