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1

Gan, Li-She, Sheng-Ping Yang, Yan Wu, Jian Ding, and Jian-Min Yue. "Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids fromWinchiacalophylla." Journal of Natural Products 69, no. 1 (2006): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np0502701.

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2

Awakawa, Takayoshi, and Ikuro Abe. "Biosynthesis of the teleocidin-type terpenoid indole alkaloids." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 26 (2018): 4746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob00803e.

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Teleocidin B is a terpenoid indole alkaloid with unique structures including indolactam and cyclic terpenoid, and is a strong protein kinase C activator. In this review, we describe the isolation and biosynthetic studies of teleocidins.
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3

Wang, Lei, Yu Zhang, Hong-Ping He, Qiang Zhang, Shi-Fei Li, and Xiao-Jiang Hao. "Three New Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids fromCatharanthus roseus." Planta Medica 77, no. 07 (2010): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250569.

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4

El-Sayed, Magdi, and Rob Verpoorte. "Catharanthus terpenoid indole alkaloids: biosynthesis and regulation." Phytochemistry Reviews 6, no. 2-3 (2007): 277–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-006-9047-8.

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5

Cong, Hai-Jian, Qing Zhao, Shu-Wei Zhang, Jiao-Jiao Wei, Wen-Qiong Wang, and Li-Jiang Xuan. "Terpenoid indole alkaloids from Mappianthus iodoides Hand.-Mazz." Phytochemistry 100 (April 2014): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.004.

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6

成, 海宁. "The Catharanthus Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids: Metabolic Biology Review." Botanical Research 03, no. 03 (2014): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/br.2014.33012.

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7

Akhgari, Amir, Into Laakso, Hannu Maaheimo, et al. "Methyljasmonate Elicitation Increases Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Accumulation in Rhazya stricta Hairy Root Cultures." Plants 8, no. 12 (2019): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120534.

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Methyl jasmonate is capable of initiating or improving the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants and therefore has opened up a concept for the biosynthesis of valuable constituents. In this study, the effect of different doses of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation on the accumulation of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in the hairy root cultures of the medicinal plant, Rhazya stricta throughout a time course (one-seven days) was investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out for targeted ten major non-polar alkaloids. Furthermore, overall alter
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8

Linh, Tran My, Nguyen Chi Mai, Pham Thi Hoe, et al. "Development of a Cell Suspension Culture System for Promoting Alkaloid and Vinca Alkaloid Biosynthesis Using Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Local Catharanthus roseus." Plants 10, no. 4 (2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040672.

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Cell and tissue cultures of Catharanthus roseus have been studied extensively as an alternative strategy to improve the production of valuable secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to produce C. roseus callus and suspension cell biomass of good quality and quantity to improve the total alkaloids and bis-indole alkaloids. The young stem derived-callus of C. roseus variety Quang Ninh (QN) was grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) plus 1.5 mg/L kinetin, and the growth rate increased by 67-fold after 20 days. The optimal conditions for
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9

Xing, Shi-Hai, Xin-Bo Guo, Quan Wang, et al. "Induction and Flow Cytometry Identification of Tetraploids from Seed-Derived Explants through Colchicine Treatments inCatharanthus roseus(L.) G. Don." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/793198.

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The tetraploid plants ofCatharanthus roseus(L.) G. Don was obtained by colchicine induction from seeds explants, and the ploidy of the plants was identified by flow cytometry. The optimal treatment is 0.2% colchicine solution treated for 24 hours, and the induction rate reaches up to 30%. Comparing with morphological characteristics and growth habits between tetraploids and the control, we found that tetraploids ofC. roseushad larger stoma and more branches and leaves. HPLC analysis showed tetraploidization could increase the contents of terpenoid indole alkaloids inC. roseus. Thus, tetraploid
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10

Liu, Dong-Hui, Hong-Bin Jin, Yu-Hui Chen, et al. "Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids Biosynthesis and Metabolic Engineering inCatharanthus roseus." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 49, no. 7 (2007): 961–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1672-9072.2007.00457.x.

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11

Zhu, Xiaoxuan, Xinyi Zeng, Chao Sun, and Shilin Chen. "Biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus." Frontiers of Medicine 8, no. 3 (2014): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11684-014-0350-2.

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12

Facchini, Peter J., David A. Bird, Richard Bourgault, et al. "Opium poppy: a model system to investigate alkaloid biosynthesis in plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 10 (2005): 1189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-094.

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Remarkable progress on the biology of plant secondary metabolism has recently been realized. The application of advanced biochemistry, molecular, cellular, and genomic methodologies has revealed biological paradigms unique to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids. The use of model plant systems has facilitated integrative research on the biosynthesis and regulation of each group of natural products. The model legume, Medicago truncatula Gaertn., plays a key role in studies on phenylpropanoid and flavonoid me
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13

Yu, Rongmin, Jianhua Zhu, Mingxuan Wang, and Wei Wen. "Biosynthesis and regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus." Pharmacognosy Reviews 9, no. 17 (2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.156323.

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14

Beke, Gyula, Ágnes Patthy-Lukáts, Benjamin Podányi, and László F. Szabó. "Why are the terpenoid indole alkaloids of type I homochiral?" Chirality 13, no. 8 (2001): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.1065.

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15

Dagnino, Denise, Jan Schripsema, and Robert Verpoorte. "Analysis of Several Iridoid and Indole Precursors of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids with a Single HPLC Run." Planta Medica 62, no. 03 (1996): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957879.

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16

Geerlings, A., F. J. Redondo, A. Contin, J. Memelink, R. van der Heijden, and R. Verpoorte. "Biotransformation of tryptamine and secologanin into plant terpenoid indole alkaloids by transgenic yeast." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 56, no. 3-4 (2001): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530100663.

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17

Akhgari, Amir, Into Laakso, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, et al. "Determination of terpenoid indole alkaloids in hairy roots ofRhazya stricta(Apocynaceae) by GC-MS." Phytochemical Analysis 26, no. 5 (2015): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2567.

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18

Dutta, Ajaswrata, Jyoti Batra, Sashi Pandey-Rai, Digvijay Singh, Sushil Kumar, and Jayanti Sen. "Expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway genes corresponds to accumulation of related alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don." Planta 220, no. 3 (2004): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-004-1380-9.

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19

Sazegari, Sima, Ali Niazi, Farajollah Shahriari-Ahmadi, Nasrin Moshtaghi, and Younes Ghasemi. "CrMYC1 transcription factor overexpression promotes the production of low abundance terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus." Plant Omics 11, no. 01 (2018): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/poj.11.01.18.pne1020.

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20

Binder, Bernard Y. K., Christie A. M. Peebles, Jacqueline V. Shanks, and Ka-Yiu San. "The effects of UV-B stress on the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids inCatharanthus roseushairy roots." Biotechnology Progress 25, no. 3 (2009): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.97.

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21

Verma, Priyanka, Ajay Kumar Mathur, Shamshad Ahmad Khan, Neha Verma, and Abhishek Sharma. "Transgenic studies for modulating terpenoid indole alkaloids pathway in Catharanthus roseus: present status and future options." Phytochemistry Reviews 16, no. 1 (2015): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9447-8.

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22

CAO, Ning, та Chang-Hong WANG. "Strictosidine synthase, an indispensable enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole and β-carboline alkaloids". Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 19, № 8 (2021): 591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60059-6.

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23

Zhang, Lei, Chunyan Jiao, Yunpeng Cao, et al. "Comparative Analysis and Expression Patterns of the PLP_deC Genes in Dendrobium officinale." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010054.

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Studies have shown that the type II pyridoxal phosphate-dependent decarboxylase (PLP_deC) genes produce secondary metabolites and flavor volatiles in plants, and TDC (tryptophan decarboxylase), a member of the PLP_deC family, plays an important role in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). In this study, we identified eight PLP_deC genes in Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) and six in Phalaenopsis equestris (P. equestris), and their structures, physicochemical properties, response elements, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns were preliminarily predicted an
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24

Liu, Ying, De Wen Li, Zhong Hua Zhang, and Yuan Gang Zu. "Low Light Affacting Alkaloids Accumulation and Related Biosynthetic Pathway Genes Expression in Leaves of Catharanthus roseus Seedlings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.311.

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The alkaloids contents were investigated by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in Catharanthus roseus aseptic seedlings leaves, the expressions of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) biosynthesis pathway genes were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The plastic films treatment induces a low light condition. HPLC analysis shows, the contents of vindoline (VIN) and catharanthine (CAT) are slight increase first and significant decrease (p<0.05) under plastic films, the vinblastine (VBL) content increase and reach the maximum (0.028 mg g-1±0.0051) on the 15th day of treatment. TIA b
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25

Liang, Chuxin, Chang Chen, Pengfei Zhou, et al. "Effect of Aspergillus flavus Fungal Elicitor on the Production of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Cambial Meristematic Cells." Molecules 23, no. 12 (2018): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123276.

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This study reported the inducing effect of Aspergillus flavus fungal elicitor on biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) and its inducing mechanism. According to the results determined by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS, the optimal condition of the A. flavus elicitor was as follows: after suspension culture of C. roseus CMCs for 6 day, 25 mg/L A. flavus mycelium elicitor were added, and the CMC suspensions were further cultured for another 48 h. In this condition, the contents of vindoline, catharanthine, and ajmaline were 1.45-, 3.29-, a
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26

Singh, S., S. S. Pandey, K. Shanker, and A. Kalra. "Endophytes enhance the production of root alkaloids ajmalicine and serpentine by modulating the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus roots." Journal of Applied Microbiology 128, no. 4 (2020): 1128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.14546.

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27

Sottomayor, M., I. Lopes Cardoso, L. G. Pereira, and A. Ros Barceló. "Peroxidase and the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don." Phytochemistry Reviews 3, no. 1-2 (2004): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:phyt.0000047807.66887.09.

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28

NOORMOHAMMADI, ZAHRA, MARYAM TABAN, and FARAH FARAHANI. "Short Communication: The impact of Gamma radiation on Tdc and Str gene expressions in Catharanthus roseus regenerated plantlets." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 5 (2018): 1805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190531.

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Noormohammadi Z, Taban M, Farahani F. 2018. Short Communication: The impact of Gamma radiation on Tdc and Str gene expressions in Catharanthus roseus regenerated plantlets. Biodiversitas 19: 1805-1810. Catharanthus roseus L.G. Don, is the essential medicinal plant with considerable attention. This plant is a rich source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The main alkaloids in C. roseus are vinblastine, vincristine, and ajmalicine. The tryptophan decarboxylase (Tdc) and Strictosidine synthase (Str) are key enzymes in TIA biosynthesis. In the present study, Tdc and Str gene expressions, as we
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29

KHATAEE, Elham, Farah KARIMI, and Khadijeh RAZAVI. "Chromium-induced alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don in vitro cultured shoots and related gene expression patterns particularly for the novel gene GS." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 113, no. 1 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.113.1.09.

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This study aimed to determine the effects of methyl jasmonate (Mj) combined with chromium (Cr) as elicitor on production of medicinal alkaloids, its antioxidant potential, and its effects on the expression of signaling and biosynthetic enzymes. Combined treatment had positive effects on secondary metabolism and changed genes expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (<em>MAPK3</em>), a transcription factor (TF) known as octadecanoid-responsive <em>Catharanthus</em> AP2-domain 3 (<em>ORCA3</em>) upstream of plant alkaloids biosynthetic pathway.
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30

Wang, Mingxuan, Jiachen Zi, Jianhua Zhu, et al. "Artemisinic Acid Serves as a Novel ORCA3 Inducer to Enhance Biosynthesis of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Cambial Meristematic Cells." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 6 (2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100604.

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To investigate the effect of artemisinic acid (AA) on improving the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) of Catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cells (CMCs), feeding AA to C. roseus CMCs caused 2.35-fold and 2.51-fold increases in the production of vindoline and catharanthine, respectively, compared with those of the untreated CMCs. qRT-PCR experiments showed that AA resulted in a 1.36-8.52 fold increase in the transcript levels of several related genes, including octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (ORCA3), tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), stric
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31

Li, Fangru, Yudan Wang, Shuyue He, et al. "Targeted isolation of terpenoid indole alkaloids from Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. using molecular networking and their biological activities." Industrial Crops and Products 157 (December 2020): 112922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112922.

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32

Mehrotra, Shakti, Manoj K. Goel, Vikas Srivastava, and Laiq Ur Rahman. "Hairy root biotechnology of Rauwolfia serpentina: a potent approach for the production of pharmaceutically important terpenoid indole alkaloids." Biotechnology Letters 37, no. 2 (2014): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-014-1695-y.

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33

Singh, Sucheta, Shiv S. Pandey, Rashmi Tiwari, Alok Pandey, Karuna Shanker, and Alok Kalra. "Endophytic consortium with growth-promoting and alkaloid enhancing capabilities enhance key terpenoid indole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus in the winter and summer seasons." Industrial Crops and Products 166 (August 2021): 113437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113437.

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34

Rai, Vartika, Pramod Kumar Tandon, and Sayyada Khatoon. "Effect of Chromium on Antioxidant Potential ofCatharanthus roseusVarieties and Production of Their Anticancer Alkaloids: Vincristine and Vinblastine." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/934182.

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Catharanthus roseus(L.) G. Don, a medicinal plant, has a very important place in the traditional as well as modern pharmaceutical industry. Two common varieties of this plantroseaandalbaare named so because of pink and white coloured flowers, respectively. This plant comprises of about 130 terpenoid indole alkaloids and two of them, vincristine and vinblastine, are common anticancer drugs. The effect of chromium (Cr) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components and on secondary metabolites vincristine and vinblastine was studied under pot culture conditions of both varieties ofC. rose
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35

Moreno, P. R. H., R. van der Heijden, and R. Verpoorte. "Effect of terpenoid precursor feeding and elicitation on formation of indole alkaloids in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus." Plant Cell Reports 12, no. 12 (1993): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00233423.

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36

Tiwari, Rashmi, Ashutosh Awasthi, Maneesha Mall, et al. "Bacterial endophyte-mediated enhancement of in planta content of key terpenoid indole alkaloids and growth parameters of Catharanthus roseus." Industrial Crops and Products 43 (May 2013): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.045.

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37

Sharma, Abhishek, Priyanka Verma, Archana Mathur, and Ajay Kumar Mathur. "Genetic engineering approach using early Vinca alkaloid biosynthesis genes led to increased tryptamine and terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesis in differentiating cultures of Catharanthus roseus." Protoplasma 255, no. 1 (2017): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-017-1151-7.

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38

Li, Chun Yao, and Susan I. Gibson. "Repression of ZCT1, ZCT2 and ZCT3 affects expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic and regulatory genes." PeerJ 9 (July 2, 2021): e11624. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11624.

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Terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) include several valuable pharmaceuticals. As Catharanthus roseus remains the primary source of these TIA pharmaceuticals, several research groups have devoted substantial efforts to increase production of these compounds by C. roseus. Efforts to increase TIA production by overexpressing positive regulators of TIA biosynthetic genes have met with limited success. This limited success might be due to the fact that overexpression of several positive TIA regulators turns on expression of negative regulators of TIA biosynthetic genes. Consequently, a more effective
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39

Yamamoto, Kotaro, Katsutoshi Takahashi, Hajime Mizuno, et al. "Cell-specific localization of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus stem tissue measured with Imaging MS and Single-cell MS." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 14 (2016): 3891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521959113.

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Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a medicinal plant well known for producing antitumor drugs such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are classified as terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The TIA metabolic pathway in C. roseus has been extensively studied. However, the localization of TIA intermediates at the cellular level has not been demonstrated directly. In the present study, the metabolic pathway of TIA in C. roseus was studied with two forefront metabolomic techniques, that is, Imaging mass spectrometry (MS) and live Single-cell MS, to elucidate cell-specific TIA localization in the s
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40

Mall, M., R. K. Verma, M. M. Gupta, A. K. Shasany, S. P. S. Khanuja, and A. K. Shukla. "Influence of seasonal and ontogenic parameters on the pattern of key terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesized in the leaves of Catharanthus roseus." South African Journal of Botany 123 (July 2019): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.032.

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41

Yu, Bofan, Yang Liu, Yajie Pan, Jia Liu, Hongzheng Wang, and Zhonghua Tang. "Light enhanced the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids to meet the opening of cotyledons in process of photomorphogenesis of Catharanthus roseus." Plant Growth Regulation 84, no. 3 (2018): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-017-0366-0.

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42

Yang, Lei, Han Wang, Yuan-gang Zu, et al. "Ultrasound-assisted extraction of the three terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus using ionic liquid aqueous solutions." Chemical Engineering Journal 172, no. 2-3 (2011): 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.039.

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43

Sharma, Abhishek, Ajay Kumar Mathur, Jawahar Ganpathy, Bhrugesh Joshi, and Prittesh Patel. "Effect of abiotic elicitation and pathway precursors feeding over terpenoid indole alkaloids production in multiple shoot and callus cultures of Catharanthus roseus." Biologia 74, no. 5 (2019): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-019-00202-5.

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44

Zhou, Mei-Liang, Ji-Rong Shao, and Yi-Xiong Tang. "Production and metabolic engineering of terpenoid indole alkaloids in cell cultures of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Madagascar periwinkle)." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 52, no. 4 (2009): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ba20080239.

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45

Digvijay, Singh, Pandey-Rai Shashi, Srivastava Suchi, Rai Sanjay Kumar, Mishra Raghavendra, and Kumar Sushil. "Simultaneous Quantification of Some Pharmaceutical Catharanthus roseus Leaf and Root Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids and Their Precursors in Single Runs by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 6 (2004): 1287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.6.1287.

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Abstract A new, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method with photodiode array detection is described. It allows, in a single run of 30 min, simultaneous separation of 6 pharmaceutically and biologically important Catharanthus roseus leaf and root terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) and 3 of their precursors: TIA precursors tryptophan, tryptamine, and loganine; and TIAs serpentine, catharanthine, ajmalicine, vincristine, vinblastine, and vindoline. The method involves the use of a Phenomenex Luna 5 μm, C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id) and a linear binar
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46

Zhang, Xiao-Ning, Jia Liu, Yang Liu, et al. "Metabolomics Analysis Reveals that Ethylene and Methyl Jasmonate Regulate Different Branch Pathways to Promote the Accumulation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus." Journal of Natural Products 81, no. 2 (2018): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00782.

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47

Peebles, Christie A. M., Jacqueline V. Shanks, and Ka-Yiu San. "The role of the octadecanoid pathway in the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids inCatharanthus roseushairy roots under normal and UV-B stress conditions." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 103, no. 6 (2009): 1248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22350.

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48

Panigrahi, Jitendriya, Piyush Dholu, Tanvi J. Shah, and Saikat Gantait. "Silver nitrate-induced in vitro shoot multiplication and precocious flowering in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, a rich source of terpenoid indole alkaloids." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 132, no. 3 (2017): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1351-z.

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49

Nejat, Naghmeh, Alireza Valdiani, David Cahill, Yee-How Tan, Mahmood Maziah, and Rambod Abiri. "Ornamental Exterior versus Therapeutic Interior of Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): The Two Faces of a Versatile Herb." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/982412.

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Catharanthus roseus(L.) known as Madagascar periwinkle (MP) is a legendary medicinal plant mostly because of possessing two invaluable antitumor terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), vincristine and vinblastine. The plant has also high aesthetic value as an evergreen ornamental that yields prolific blooms of splendid colors. The plant possesses yet another unique characteristic as an amiable experimental host for the maintenance of the smallest bacteria found on earth, the phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas, and serves as a model for their study. Botanical information with respect to synonyms, vernacu
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Noormohammadi, Zahra, Narges Asghari-Mooneghi, and Farah Farahani. "Effect of gamma radiation on morphological and genetic variation in regenerated plantlets Catharanthus roseus L. (G) Don." Genetika 52, no. 1 (2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2001015n.

Full text
Abstract:
Catharanthus roseus L. (G) Don, commonly known as Madagascar periwinkle, is an important medicinal plant receiving much attention from researchers. This plant is a rich source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The gamma radiation and somaclonal variation may provide suitable methods for genetic changes to increase medicinal components of C. roseus. In the present study, 30 and 60 (Gy) gamma rays were irradiated on seeds. C. roseus seeds were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in three different groups, 0 Gy (control) 30, and 60 Gy gamma irradiations. Morphological characteristics
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