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Journal articles on the topic 'Terpolymer hydrogels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Okudan, Ahmet, and Abdullah Altay. "Investigation of the Effects of Different Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Comonomers on the Volume Phase Transition Temperatures and Thermal Properties of N-Isopropylacrylamide-Based Hydrogels." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (June 10, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7324181.

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In this work, a series of thermally responsive terpolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) with three different comonomer contents was synthesized, and their swelling behaviour was studied as a function of composition and temperature. Temperature-sensitive, random cross-linked terpolymers of NIPA were prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA), N-tert-butylacrylamide (NTBA), and acrylic acid (AA) using a free radical polymerization method. In the synthesis of terpolymer hydrogels, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) was used as cross-linkers and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The NIPA content of the monomer feed varied from 80 to 50 mol %, and other comonomer feed varied from 40 to 5 mol %. The swelling equilibrium of these hydrogels was studied as a function of temperature and hydrophobic and hydrophilic comonomer contents. The swelling properties of the polymers were investigated in pure water at temperatures from 10 to 80°C. All of the synthesized gels were found to be sensitive to temperature. Glass transition temperature analyses and thermal analyses of the synthesized hydrogels were studied. The volume phase transition temperature and the swelling equilibrium (r) values of NIPA-based hydrogels synthesized in different feed ratios and in varying monomer contents were found in the range of 17–52°C and 14–51 g H2O/g polymer, respectively. The glass temperature (Tg) of the NIPA/AA/(MMA or NTBA) hydrogels synthesized with feed ratios of 50/40/10 was found to be 133 or 142°C, respectively. The initial and the end degradation that were determined for hydrogels at high temperatures indicated the quite good thermal stability of hydrogels. When the mass loss of the synthesized hydrogels was 50%, the temperatures were measured between 247 and 258°C.

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2

Shan, Jun, Zhanjun Liu, Fanqin Li, Guanghan Zuo, Jun Ji, and Yanjun Zhang. "Bubble-Film Network Structures of Radiation Synthesized Terpolymer Hydrogels." Polymer Journal 29, no. 7 (July 1997): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.29.580.

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3

Alzari, Valeria, Andrea Ruiu, Daniele Nuvoli, Roberta Sanna, Javier Illescas Martinez, Dietmar Appelhans, Brigitte Voit, Stefan Zschoche, and Alberto Mariani. "Three component terpolymer and IPN hydrogels with response to stimuli." Polymer 55, no. 21 (October 2014): 5305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.004.

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4

Reinicke, Stefan, Stefan Döhler, Sandrine Tea, Marina Krekhova, Renate Messing, Annette M. Schmidt, and Holger Schmalz. "Magneto-responsive hydrogels based on maghemite/triblock terpolymer hybrid micelles." Soft Matter 6, no. 12 (2010): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c000943a.

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5

Mu, Shengdong, Wentao Liu, Li Zhao, Yanru Long, and Haibin Gu. "Antimicrobial AgNPs composites of gelatin hydrogels crosslinked by ferrocene-containing tetrablock terpolymer." Polymer 169 (April 2019): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.047.

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6

Ngadaonye, Jude I., Martin O. Cloonan, Luke M. Geever, and Clement L. Higginbotham. "Synthesis and characterisation of thermo-sensitive terpolymer hydrogels for drug delivery applications." Journal of Polymer Research 18, no. 6 (June 23, 2011): 2307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-011-9644-0.

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7

Farag, Reem K., Ahmed Labena, Sahar H. Fakhry, Gehan Safwat, Ayman Diab, and Ayman M. Atta. "Antimicrobial Activity of Hybrids Terpolymers Based on Magnetite Hydrogel Nanocomposites." Materials 12, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213604.

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In the past few years, the development of hydrogel properties has led to the emergence of nanocomposite hydrogels that have unique properties that allow them to be used in various different fields and applications such as drug delivery, adsorption soil containing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, and especially antimicrobial applications. Thus, this study was conducted in order to fabricate a novel crosslinked terpolymer nanocomposite hydrogel using the free radical copolymerization method based on the usage of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile (AN), and acrylic acid (AA) monomers and iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles and using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker. The structure of the synthesized composite was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements. Furthermore, the surface morphology and the magnetic nanoparticle distributions were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement. In addition, the swelling capacity of the hydrogel nanocomposite was measured using the swelling test. Lastly, the efficiency of the produced composite was evaluated as an antimicrobial agent for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and a fungal strain.

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8

Yu, Hua, and David W. Grainger. "Amphiphilic Thermosensitive N-Isopropylacrylamide Terpolymer Hydrogels Prepared by Micellar Polymerization in Aqueous Media." Macromolecules 27, no. 16 (August 1994): 4554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00094a019.

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9

Gümüşderelioğlu, Menemşe, and Ilknur Uysal Topal. "Vinyl ether/acrylic acid terpolymer hydrogels synthesized by -radiation: characterization, thermosensitivity and pH-sensitivity." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 73, no. 5 (August 2005): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.09.019.

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10

Li, Youcheng, Zhangxin Ye, Liangliang Shen, Yuanyuan Xu, Anqi Zhu, Peiyi Wu, and Zesheng An. "Formation of Multidomain Hydrogels via Thermally Induced Assembly of PISA-Generated Triblock Terpolymer Nanogels." Macromolecules 49, no. 8 (April 5, 2016): 3038–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02538.

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11

Khan, Abbas, Mehvish Afzal, Luqman Ali Shah, Khair Zaman, Gul Shahzada Khan, and Amir Badshah. "Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Dual Responsive and Chemically Modified Cellulose Based Copolymer Hydrogels." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 234, no. 10 (October 25, 2020): 1623–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2019-1470.

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AbstractThis research work is based on the preparation and physicochemical characterization of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)–Cellulose–Poly(Acrylic acid) [PNIPAAm–Cellulose–PAAc] based terpolymer hydrogels. The free radical polymerization reaction was initiated by the presence of ammonium persulphate (APS) and crosslinking between different monomers was occurring through N,Nl- Methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA). Confirmation of polymerization process was done by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The prepared hydrogels were further characterized by different physicochemical techniques like rheology, Ostwald viscometry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The effect of external stimuli like temperature, pH and composition of the samples on the physicochemical behavior was also carried out by dynamic rheology, swelling measurement and DLS. Various other properties like elasticity, shear stress, shear strain, loss modulus, storage modulus and complex viscosity was investigated by rheology. DLS was used to trace the size and swelling behavior of the samples. From the results obtained it was found that all the microgel samples are stimuli responsive and most of their physicochemical properties were prominently varying while changing the internal as well as the external experimental variable. These changes in physicochemical behavior of the gel can be attributed to two possibilities; the change in the hydrophobic character of gel (PNIPAAm) with temperature and also to the weakening of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with increase in temperature. As a result of this the PAA chains may undergo a transition from a compact conformation to an expanded coil conformation, resulting in the swelling of the hydrogels.

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12

Smith, Anton A. A., Caitlin L. Maikawa, Hector Lopez Hernandez, and Eric A. Appel. "Controlling properties of thermogels by tuning critical solution behaviour of ternary copolymers." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 13 (2021): 1918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01696a.

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Thermogelling tri-block terpolymers were made from a bifunctional PEG RAFT agent. The critical solution behavior was tunable by alteration of the terpolymer composition, enabling modulation of gelation temperatures and hydrogel viscoelasticity.

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13

Stavrouli, Nikoletta, Apostolos Kyriazis, and Constantinos Tsitsilianis. "Reversible Hydrogels from an Ampholytic A n (B-b- C) n Heteroarm Star Block Terpolymer." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 209, no. 21 (September 12, 2008): 2241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200800287.

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14

Lipowczan, Agnieszka, and Andrzej W. Trochimczuk. "Phosphates-Containing Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) Acting as Slow Release Fertilizer Hydrogels (SRFHs) Suitable for Agricultural Applications." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 2893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112893.

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Novel, phosphorus-containing slow release fertilizer hydrogels (SRFHs) composed of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with very good swelling and mechanical properties have been obtained and characterized. It was found that introducing organophosphorus polymer based on a commercially available monomer, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate (MEP), as the IPN’s first component network results in much better swelling properties than for a terpolymer with acrylic acid (AAc), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate (MEP) and bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) when the same weight ratios of monomers are employed. The procedure described in this paper enables the introduction of much larger amounts of phosphorus into polymer structures without significant loss of water regain ability, which is crucial in the application of such materials in the agricultural field.

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15

Singha, Nayan Ranjan, Arnab Dutta, Manas Mahapatra, Mrinmoy Karmakar, Himarati Mondal, Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay, and Dilip K. Maiti. "Guar Gum-Grafted Terpolymer Hydrogels for Ligand-Selective Individual and Synergistic Adsorption: Effect of Comonomer Composition." ACS Omega 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 472–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01682.

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16

Stavrouli, Nikoletta, Ilias Katsampas, Sotirios Aggelopoulos, and Constantinos Tsitsilianis. "pH/Thermosensitive Hydrogels Formed at Low pH by a PMMA-PAA-P2VP-PAA-PMMA Pentablock Terpolymer." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 29, no. 2 (January 17, 2008): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200700593.

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17

Dalaran, Mert, Serkan Emik, Gamze Güçlü, Tülin Banu İyim, and Saadet Özgümüş. "Removal of acidic dye from aqueous solutions using poly(DMAEMA–AMPS–HEMA) terpolymer/MMT nanocomposite hydrogels." Polymer Bulletin 63, no. 2 (April 18, 2009): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-009-0077-4.

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18

Ortaboy, Sinem, Elif T. Acar, Gülten Atun, Serkan Emik, Tülin B. İyim, Gamze Güçlü, and Saadet Özgümüş. "Performance of acrylic monomer based terpolymer/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels for U(VI) removal from aqueous solutions." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 91, no. 4 (April 2013): 670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2012.12.007.

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19

Tessarolli, Fernanda, Sara Souza, Ailton Gomes, and Claudia Mansur. "Gelation Kinetics of Hydrogels Based on Acrylamide–AMPS–NVP Terpolymer, Bentonite, and Polyethylenimine for Conformance Control of Oil Reservoirs." Gels 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels5010007.

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Relatively smaller volumes of gelling systems had been used to address conformance problems located near the wellbore in oil reservoirs with harsh temperature and salinity conditions. These gelling systems were formulated with high concentrations of low-molecular-weight acrylamide-based polymers crosslinked with polyethylenimine (PEI). However, for in-depth conformance control, in which large gelant volumes and long gelation times were required, lower-base polymer loadings were necessary to ensure the economic feasibility of the treatment. In this study, a gelling system with high-molecular weight 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), acrylamide terpolymer, and PEI, with the addition of bentonite as a filler, was formulated. The influence of the gelant formulation and reservoir conditions on the gelation kinetics and final gel strength of the system was investigated through bottle tests and rheological tests. The addition of clay in the formulation increased the gelation time, thermal stability, and syneresis resistance, and slightly improved the final gel strength. Furthermore, samples prepared with polymer and PEI concentrations below 1 wt %, natural bentonite, and PEI with molecular weight of 70,000 kg/kmol and pH of 11: (i) presented good injectivity and propagation parameters (pseudoplastic behavior and viscosity ~25 mPa·s); (ii) showed suitable gelation times for near wellbore (~5 h) or far wellbore (~21 h) treatments; and (iii) formed strong composite hydrogels (equilibrium complex modulus ~10–20 Pa and Sydansk code G to H) with low syneresis and good long-term stability (~3 to 6 months) under harsh conditions. Therefore, the use of high-molecular-weight base polymer and low-cost clay as active filler seems promising to improve the cost-effectiveness of gelling systems for in-depth conformance treatments under harsh conditions of temperature and salinity/hardness.

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20

Singha, Nayan Ranjan, Manas Mahapatra, Mrinmoy Karmakar, Himarati Mondal, Arnab Dutta, Mousumi Deb, Madhushree Mitra, Chandan Roy, Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay, and Dilip K. Maiti. "In Situ Allocation of a Monomer in Pectin-g-Terpolymer Hydrogels and Effect of Comonomer Compositions on Superadsorption of Metal Ions/Dyes." ACS Omega 3, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 4163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00446.

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21

Okten Besli, Nur Sena, and Nermin Orakdogen. "Charge-balanced terpolymer poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid) hydrogels and cryogels: scaling parameters and correlation with composition." Soft Matter 16, no. 46 (2020): 10470–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01306d.

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Scaling parameters relating the preparation conditions to the swelling degree, reduced modulus and effective crosslinking density of poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid) gels.

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22

Nurabay, Nazerke, M. Abutalip, Raikhan Rakhmetullayeva, and Grigoriy Mun. "Development of the technology for obtaining new hydrogel materials based on acrylic monomers." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb959.

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Smart water-soluble polymers and hydrogels are capable to reversibly react to insignificant changes of the medium properties (pH, temperature, ionic strength, a presence of some substances, illumination, electric field). The reacting of a system is visible to the naked eye (the formation of a new phase in a homogeneous solution, or compression of the hydrogel). The properties of such polymers and hydrogels are considered. For the first time, the stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and acrylic acid (AA) have been synthesized by free initiation of radical copolymerization. The purpose of the research is to obtain stimuli-responsive cross-linked terpolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and acrylic acid and study their physicochemical properties. The physicochemical methods such as scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, gravimetry, cathetometric and thermogravimetric analyses were used in this study. To determine the thermal and pH – sensitivity of the modified copolymer, the effect of temperature on the NIPAAM-НEA-AA nets (in different pH media) was studied. They are characterized by a thermally induced collapse and a dependence on a medium pH. The interaction of copolymers with drugs such as lincomycin and gentamicin was studied for using the new copolymers as a drug carrier. To study the antibacterial properties and the transportation of physiologically active substances of hydrogel, the elimination of specially prepared bacteria by hydrogels with various medicinal ingredients were conducted.

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23

Taribagil, Rajiv R., Marc A. Hillmyer, and Timothy P. Lodge. "A Compartmentalized Hydrogel from a Linear ABC Terpolymer." Macromolecules 42, no. 6 (March 24, 2009): 1796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma8025089.

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24

Singha, Nayan Ranjan, Mrinmoy Karmakar, Manas Mahapatra, Himarati Mondal, Arnab Dutta, Mousumi Deb, Madhushree Mitra, Chandan Roy, and Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay. "An in situ approach for the synthesis of a gum ghatti-g-interpenetrating terpolymer network hydrogel for the high-performance adsorption mechanism evaluation of Cd(ii), Pb(ii), Bi(iii) and Sb(iii)." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 17 (2018): 8078–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01106k.

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25

Mahkam, Mehrdad. "New terpolymers as hydrogels for oral protein delivery application." Journal of Drug Targeting 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611860802438728.

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26

Wu, Yufeng, Dingwei Zhu, Zanru Guo, and Yujun Feng. "Rheology and phase behavior of thermo-reversible pentablock terpolymer hydrogel." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 51, no. 18 (July 10, 2013): 1335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.23343.

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27

Zhou, Can, Gilman E. S. Toombes, Matthew J. Wasbrough, Marc A. Hillmyer, and Timothy P. Lodge. "Structure of Two-Compartment Hydrogels from Thermoresponsive ABC Triblock Terpolymers." Macromolecules 48, no. 16 (August 7, 2015): 5934–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00584.

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28

Guerlain, Claire, Sandie Piogé, Christophe Detrembleur, Charles-André Fustin, and Jean-François Gohy. "Self-assembly of a triblock terpolymer mediated by hydrogen-bonded complexes." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 53, no. 3 (December 2, 2014): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27471.

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29

ANAÇ, İlke, and Anıl BOZDOĞAN. "Optical characterization of salt-induced swelling behavior ofpoly(N-isopropylacrylamide) terpolymer hydrogel layers." TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 43, no. 4 (August 6, 2019): 1052–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-1903-27.

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30

Malana, Muhammad Aslam, Rubab Zohra, and Muhammad Saleem Khan. "Rheological characterization of novel physically crosslinked terpolymeric hydrogels at different temperatures." Korea-Australia Rheology Journal 24, no. 3 (September 2012): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13367-012-0019-9.

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31

Beines, Patrick W., Iris Klosterkamp, Bernhard Menges, Ulrich Jonas, and Wolfgang Knoll. "Responsive Thin Hydrogel Layers from Photo-Cross-Linkable Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Terpolymers†." Langmuir 23, no. 4 (February 2007): 2231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la063264t.

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32

Shekhar, Suman, M. Mukherjee, and Akhil Kumar Sen. "Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties of NIPAM-based terpolymeric hydrogel." Polymer Bulletin 73, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-015-1476-3.

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33

Hwang, Monica, Kevin Nixon, Rui Sun, Carl Willis, and Yossef A. Elabd. "Sulfonated pentablock terpolymers as membranes and ionomers in hydrogen fuel cells." Journal of Membrane Science 633 (September 2021): 119330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119330.

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34

Zhou, Can, Marc A. Hillmyer, and Timothy P. Lodge. "Efficient Formation of Multicompartment Hydrogels by Stepwise Self-Assembly of Thermoresponsive ABC Triblock Terpolymers." Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 25 (June 13, 2012): 10365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja303841f.

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35

Chen, Lifeng, Xiaoming Zhu, Meilong Fu, Hui Zhao, Gang Li, and Jiaqi Zuo. "Experimental study of calcium-enhancing terpolymer hydrogel for improved oil recovery in ultrodeep carbonate reservoir." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 570 (June 2019): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.025.

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36

Quintieri, Giada, Marco Saccone, Matthias Spengler, Michael Giese, and André H. Gröschel. "Supramolecular Modification of ABC Triblock Terpolymers in Confinement Assembly." Nanomaterials 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8121029.

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The self-assembly of AB diblock copolymers in three-dimensional (3D) soft confinement of nanoemulsions has recently become an attractive bottom up route to prepare colloids with controlled inner morphologies. In that regard, ABC triblock terpolymers show a more complex morphological behavior and could thus give access to extensive libraries of multicompartment microparticles. However, knowledge about their self-assembly in confinement is very limited thus far. Here, we investigated the confinement assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PS-b-P4VP-b-PT or SVT) triblock terpolymers in nanoemulsion droplets. Depending on the block weight fractions, we found spherical microparticles with concentric lamella–sphere (ls) morphology, i.e., PS/PT lamella intercalated with P4VP spheres, or unusual conic microparticles with concentric lamella–cylinder (lc) morphology. We further described how these morphologies can be modified through supramolecular additives, such as hydrogen bond (HB) and halogen bond (XB) donors. We bound donors to the 4VP units and analyzed changes in the morphology depending on the binding strength and the length of the alkyl tail. The interaction with the weaker donors resulted in an increase in volume of the P4VP domains, which depends upon the molar fraction of the added donor. For donors with a high tendency of intermolecular packing, a visible change in the morphology was observed. This ultimately caused a shape change in the microparticle. Knowledge about how to control inner morphologies of multicompartment microparticles could lead to novel carbon supports for catalysis, nanoparticles with unprecedented topologies, and potentially, reversible shape changes by light actuation.

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37

Nafliu, Ion Marius, Hussam Nadum Abdalraheem Al Ani, Alexandra Raluca Grosu (Miron), Szidonia Katalin Tanczos, Ioana Maior, and Aurelia Cristina Nechifor. "Iono-molecular Separation with Composite Membranes. VII. Nitrophenols pertraction on capilary polypropylene S-EPDM composite membranes." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.4.5064.

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In the present paper the authors study the pertraction of the nitrophenols through the immobilization using chemical reaction in receiving phase, using a laboratory installation conceived by the Group of Membranes, Materials and Membrane Processes within University Politehnica of Bucharest. This installation was developed using liquid synthetically solutions, through composite membranes having a matrix of capillary polypropylene and inclusions of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer sulfonic acid (S-EPDM) or sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (S-EPDM). The results were follow: The permeation through the compartments of the system with composite S-EPDM membranes is limited, in the aqueous phases, by the solubility of the compound about to be separated, namely the membrane itself, and subsequently by its diffusion from the feed compartment to the collection compartment. The chemical reaction of immobilization, in the receiving phase, can be achieved in several variants (neutralization, esterification, complexation, oxidation, coupling, oxidative degradation); The biggest flows are obtained in compensation of the o-nitrophenol with ferric ions and then, in acetylation of the o-nitrophenol with acetic anhydride. However, we can emphasize that the derivatization of the o-nitrophenol through complexation and acetylation reactions requires its use as such in later processes, unlike the neutralization, for which the nitrophenolate ion easily frees the nitrophenol for future applications;For the neutralization reaction, the removing coefficient grows with decreasing of pKa value of the nitrophenols. For complexation reaction, the most favorable results were obtained for o-nitrophenol - over 66%;The coupling reaction of the o-nitrophenol, in the receiving phase, with the diazonium chloride of the p-nitroaniline and hydrogen peroxide 3% in sulfuric acid 20%, respectively, concludes with the exhaustion of the source phase, after 24 hours of operation.

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38

Wen, Shengwu, Ailan Qu, Shikai Wu, Yifan Cui, and Xinmei Xu. "Template-free assembly of nanoporous terpolymer sheets with internal heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water." Applied Catalysis A: General 542 (July 2017): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2017.06.007.

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39

Nonaka, Takamasa, Kenji Yamada, Tsutomu Watanabe, and Seiji Kurihara. "Preparation of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels from trialkyl-4-vinylbenzyl phosphonium chloride-acrylamide-methylenebisacrylamide terpolymers and their properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 78, no. 10 (2000): 1833–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20001205)78:10<1833::aid-app160>3.0.co;2-w.

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40

Ghobashy, Mohamed Mohamady, Ahmed M. Elbarbary, and Dalia E. Hegazy. "Gamma radiation synthesis of a novel amphiphilic terpolymer hydrogel pH-responsive based chitosan for colon cancer drug delivery." Carbohydrate Polymers 263 (July 2021): 117975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117975.

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41

López Manchado, Miguel A., and José M. Kenny†. "Use of Benzene-1,3-Bis(Sulfonyl)Azide as Crosslinking Agent of TPVs Based on EPDM Rubber—Polyolefin Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3544944.

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Abstract The use of innovative crosslinking agents for the preparation of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) is investigated. In this preliminary study, the most common TPV systems, based on polypropylene (iPP) and ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer rubber (EPDM) blends, are studied. Among typical vulcanization agents, only the peroxides are able to crosslink saturated elastomers, however, they present the disadvantage that give rise to chain scission of the thermoplastic matrix. For this reason, the main goal of the present study is to investigate a new vulcanization agent for elastomeric matrices, which also permit the dynamic vulcanization process in their blends with polyolefins. This agent is based on a diazide derivative, benzene-1,3-bis(sulfonyl)azide that, for the specific behavior of the sulfonyl azide group, allows its interaction with the carbon—hydrogen bonds of the elastomeric phase and of the polyolefin. The study includes the dynamic vulcanization of PP—EPDM blends and their rheological, mechanical and thermal characterization. A comparison with traditional TPVs prepared with sulfur as vulcanization agent is also presented.

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Boyd, M., I. Therrien, and Richard J. Pazur. "CHARACTERIZATION AND CORRELATION OF THE NETWORK CHAIN DENSITY TO THE PROPERTIES OF FLUOROELASTOMER RUBBER." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 93, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.20.80367.

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ABSTRACT The concentrations of triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) in a peroxide-curable fluoroelastomer terpolymer containing 67 wt% of fluorine were varied to generate compounds of differing crosslink densities. Experimental analysis was undertaken using rheometry, hardness, stress–strain (Mooney–Rivlin), equilibrium solvent swell, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using the double quantum (DQ) technique. Increasing the TAIC concentration caused a systematic rise in rheometry elastic torque, hardness, and tensile strength, whereas both elongation at break and swelling levels decreased. These results are concurrent with an enhanced overall level of crosslinking, which was confirmed by the steady increase of the Mooney–Rivlin C1 values. DQ NMR analysis using hydrogen and fluorine probes and subsequent application of fast Tikhonov regularization to the corrected intensity data were particularly useful in discerning the inhomogeneous nature of the compound morphology. The spatial distribution of the crosslink density suggests that the compound consists of small, highly crosslinked/entangled polymerized TAIC domains embedded within the elastic crosslinked matrix. A concentration of 3 phr of TAIC is optimal according to compression set testing.

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París, Rodrigo, José Manuel Barrales-Rienda, and Isabel Quijada-Garrido. "Dynamic swelling of hydrogels based on random terpolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide, methacrylic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomer." Polymer 50, no. 9 (April 2009): 2065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.028.

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Das, Dipankar, Hana Cho, Nahye Kim, Thi Thu Hien Pham, In Gul Kim, Eun-Jae Chung, and Insup Noh. "A terpolymeric hydrogel of hyaluronate-hydroxyethyl acrylate-gelatin methacryloyl with tunable properties as biomaterial." Carbohydrate Polymers 207 (March 2019): 628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.020.

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Gianneli, Maria, Ilke Anac, Robert Rostkamp, Bernhard Menges, Benoit Loppinet, Uli Jonas, Wolfgang Knoll, and George Fytas. "Dynamic Response of Anchored Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid-co-benzophenone methacrylate) Terpolymer Hydrogel Layers to Physicochemical Stimuli." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 216, no. 3 (November 18, 2014): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201400361.

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Malana, Muhammad Aslam, Sidra Parveen, Raheela Beenish Qureshi, and Muhammad Saleem Khan. "Synthesis, Characterization and Rheological Studies of Novel Acrylic Acid-co-Acrylonitrile-co-N-Isopropylacrylamide Terpolymeric Hydrogels." Asian Journal of Chemistry 27, no. 4 (2015): 1462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.18479.

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Bajpai, SK, and Seema Dubey. "Modulation of dynamic release of vitamin B2 from a model pH-sensitive terpolymeric hydrogel system." Polymer International 53, no. 12 (2004): 2178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1651.

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Das, Dipankar, Thi Thu Hien Pham, and Insup Noh. "Characterizations of hyaluronate-based terpolymeric hydrogel synthesized via free radical polymerization mechanism for biomedical applications." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 170 (October 2018): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.059.

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Miyase, Haruko, Yusuke Asai, Atsushi Takano, and Yushu Matsushita. "Kaleidoscopic Tiling Patterns with Large Unit Cells from ABC Star-Shaped Terpolymer/Diblock Copolymer Blends with Hydrogen Bonding Interaction." Macromolecules 50, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02406.

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Khakpour, Hossein, and Mahdi Abdollahi. "Synthesis, characterization and rheological properties of acrylamide/ acidic monomer/ N-(4-ethylphenyl) acrylamide Terpolymers as pH- responsive hydrogels and nanogels." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials 59, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25740881.2019.1669645.

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