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Journal articles on the topic 'Terrain attributes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Zhang, Yinglong, Baoru Huang, Meng Hong, Chao Huang, Guan Wang, and Min Guo. "A Terrain Classification Method for Quadruped Robots with Proprioception." Electronics 14, no. 6 (2025): 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061231.

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Acquiring terrain information during robot locomotion is essential for autonomous navigation, gait selection, and trajectory planning. Quadruped robots, due to their biomimetic structures, demonstrate enhanced traversability over complex terrains compared to other robotic platforms. Furthermore, the internal sensors of quadruped robots acquire rich terrain-related data during locomotion across diverse terrains. This study investigates the relationship between terrain characteristics and quadruped robots based on proprioception sensor data, and proposes a simple, efficient, and motion-independe

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de Oliveira, Jairo Calderari, Vander de Freitas Melo, Luiz Claudio de Paula Souza, and Hélio Olympio da Rocha. "Terrain attributes and spatial distribution of soil mineralogical attributes." Geoderma 213 (January 2014): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.020.

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Penížek, V., and L. Borůvka. "Soil depth prediction supported by primary terrain attributes: a comparison of methods." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 9 (2011): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3461-pse.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the benefits of methods that incorporate terrain attributes as covariates into the prediction of soil depth. Three primary terrain attributes &ndash; elevation, slope and aspect &ndash; were tested to improve the depth prediction from conventional soil survey dataset. Different methods were compared: 1) ordinary kriging (OK), 2) co-kriging (COK), 3) regression-kriging (REK), and 4) linear regression (RE). The evaluation of predicted results was based on comparison with real validation data. With respect to means, OK and COK provided the be

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Ahmad, Sarfaraz, and Khatib Khan. "Impact of Elevation - Glaciation - Tectonics on landscape characteristics of the watersheds in Bhagirathi valley, Garhwal Himalaya." Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists 37, no. 2 (2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v37i2.110.

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Terrain attributes of watersheds i.e., mean , maximum, minimum elevation, mean slope elevation, mean aspect, HI (Hypsometrical Integral), Plan and Profile curvature index were determined using ASTER DEM in Bhagirathi basin, Uttaarakhand. These attributes are used in determine the impact of elevation, glaciations and tectonic processes on terrain characteristics of the watersheds. The scatter diagrame between altitude and terrain attribute were used to analyse th impact of altitude and impact of glacition is revealed through Box Whisker diagram using moderate and fully glacier watersheds. The r

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Abdul Rahman, A., H. Rashidan, I. A. Musliman, G. Buyuksalih, S. Bayburt, and P. Baskaraca. "3D GEOSPATIAL DATABASE SCHEMA FOR ISTANBUL 3D CITY MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-11-2019.

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Abstract. This paper describes the development of 3D database for Istanbul 3D city models. The schema is based on object-relational technology and also called spatially-enhanced relational database management system (SRDBMS). The 3D city models were generated based on LiDAR points cloud with other several typical GIS datasets like terrain, orthophoto, Point of Interests (POIs), and other attribute data. The database is based on PostGIS schema and CityGML schema (3DCityDB). Two major datasets, namely, terrain data (with several formats), and 3D city models were populated in the database. Terrai

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Pennock, D. J. "Terrain attributes, landform segmentation, and soil redistribution." Soil and Tillage Research 69, no. 1-2 (2003): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(02)00125-3.

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Mkrtchian, Alexander. "FEATURES OF ECOLOGICAL GEOMORPHOMETRY AS A PROSPECTIVE FIELD OF STUDY, ITS MAIN CONCEPTS AND METHODS." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 11(01) (January 13, 2021): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2020.1.3205.

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Abstract. The main concepts and methods of ecological geomorphometry as a research field aimed at studying relationships between terrain morphometric characteristics and ecological factors and processes are reviewed in the paper. The progress in this research field has been conditioned by the propagation of high-resolution digital elevation models in free access and of methods of their digital analysis, namely: the calculation of derivative quantitative characteristics (attributes and indices) of terrain and the statistical models of analyzing the relationships between the latter and the ecolo

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Zádorová, T., O. Jakšík, R. Kodešová, and V. Penížek. " Influence of terrain attributes and soil properties on soil aggregate stability." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 3 (2011): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2011-swr.

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&nbsp; The study on the relationship between the soil aggregates stability assessed using water stable aggregate (WSA) index and the selected terrain and soil properties was performed on a morphologically diverse study site in Chernozem soil region of Southern Moravia. Soil analyses and detailed digital elevation model processing were the main methods adopted in the study. The soil structure stability is negatively influenced by the soil material removal from the steep parts of the back-slope and re-deposition of the mineral loess material at the base of the slope. The highest aggregates s

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Ziadat, Feras M. "Analyzing Digital Terrain Attributes to Predict Soil Attributes for a Relatively Large Area." Soil Science Society of America Journal 69, no. 5 (2005): 1590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.0264.

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10

Gessler, P. E., O. A. Chadwick, F. Chamran, L. Althouse, and K. Holmes. "Modeling Soil-Landscape and Ecosystem Properties Using Terrain Attributes." Soil Science Society of America Journal 64, no. 6 (2000): 2046–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6462046x.

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11

Deng, Y., J. P. Wilson, and B. O. Bauer. "DEM resolution dependencies of terrain attributes across a landscape." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 21, no. 2 (2007): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810600894364.

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12

Qi, Jinping, Mengxing Fan, Hongtai Shang, Jiayun Kan, and Xiangdong Zheng. "A Study on Motorists’ P&R Use Behavior in a River–Valley-Type City Considering the Moderating Effect of Terrain Spatial Perception." Applied Sciences 14, no. 16 (2024): 6920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14166920.

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Traffic problems in China’s river–valley-type cities are prominent. In order to solve these traffic problems, this paper presents four aspects of motorists’ terrain spatial perception according to the characteristics of river–valley-type cities. Based on the structural equation model (SEM), four-dimensional terrain spatial perception is reduced by second-order confirmatory factor analysis. The SEM–Logit model was constructed to analyze the influences of individual socioeconomic attributes, objective built-environment attributes, travel characteristics, and terrain spatial perception on Park an

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Riza, Sativandi, Masahiko Sekine, Ariyo Kanno, Koichi Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Imai, and Takaya Higuchi. "Modeling soil landscapes and soil textures using hyperscale terrain attributes." Geoderma 402 (November 2021): 115177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115177.

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McMaster, Gregory S., Timothy R. Green, Robert H. Erskine, Debora A. Edmunds, and James C. Ascough. "Spatial Interrelationships between Wheat Phenology, Thermal Time, and Terrain Attributes." Agronomy Journal 104, no. 4 (2012): 1110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0323.

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15

Johnson, Chris E., Javier J. Ruiz-Méndez, and Gregory B. Lawrence. "Forest Soil Chemistry and Terrain Attributes in a Catskills Watershed." Soil Science Society of America Journal 64, no. 5 (2000): 1804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6451804x.

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Winzeler, H. Edwin, Phillip R. Owens, Brad C. Joern, et al. "Potassium Fertility and Terrain Attributes in a Fragiudalf Drainage Catena." Soil Science Society of America Journal 72, no. 5 (2008): 1311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0382.

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17

Rahman, S., L. C. Munn, R. Zhang, and G. F. Vance. "Rocky Mountain forest soils: Evaluating spatial variability using conventional statistics and geostatistics." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 76, no. 4 (1996): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss96-062.

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Spatial variability of soils is a landscape attribute which soil scientists must identify and understand if they are to construct useful soils maps. This paper describes the spatial variability of soils in a forested watershed in the Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming, using both conventional statistics and geostatistics. Principle Components Analysis indicated that flow accumulation and aspect were the two terrain attributes that most economically described terrain variability. Thickness of A and B horizons, organic carbon and solum coarse fragments were variable in the study area (CVs of 40 to

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18

Blackman, C. P., and I. R. Maclachlan. "ALV Navigation Using Terrain Databases." Journal of Navigation 44, no. 1 (1991): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300009723.

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A navigation strategy for an autonomous land vehicle (ALV) based on the Defence Geographic Database is currently being developed under the auspices of. the Mobile Advanced Robotics Defence Initiative (MARDI). The database is hierarchically structured, and supports the storage of an unlimited number of attributes for each geographical feature. It also expressly identifies the interconnectivity of adjacent features, making it ideal for automatic route calculation. Tactical battlefield information is being combined with the database resulting in a composite link-node map which will be searched fo

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19

Jiang, Zhuo-Dong, Phillip R. Owens, Amanda J. Ashworth, et al. "Evaluating tree growth factors into species-specific functional soil maps for improved agroforestry system efficiency." Agroforestry Systems 96, no. 3 (2021): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00693-9.

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AbstractAgroforestry systems play an important role in sustainable agroecosystems. However, accurately and adequately quantifying the relationships between environmental factors and tree growth in these systems are still lacking. Objectives of this study were to quantify environmental factors affecting growth of four tree species and to develop functional soil maps (FSM) for each species in an agroforestry site. The diameter at breast height, absolute growth rate (AGR), and neighborhood competition index of 259 trees from four species (northern red oak [Quercus rubra], pecan [Carya illinoinens

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van Tol, Johan. "Mapping and understanding degradation of alpine wetlands in the northern Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa." Journal of Mountain Science 21, no. 9 (2024): 2956–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-8671-3.

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AbstractThe alpine terrestrials of the Maloti-Drakensberg in southern Africa play crucial roles in ecosystem functions and livelihoods, yet they face escalating degradation from various factors including overgrazing and climate change. This study employs advanced Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) techniques coupled with remote sensing to map and assess wetland coverage and degradation in the northern Maloti-Drakensberg. The model achieved high accuracies of 96% and 92% for training and validation data, respectively, with Kappa statistics of 0.91 and 0.83, marking a pioneering automated attempt at wet

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21

Safanelli, José, Raul Poppiel, Luis Ruiz, et al. "Terrain Analysis in Google Earth Engine: A Method Adapted for High-Performance Global-Scale Analysis." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 6 (2020): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060400.

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Terrain analysis is an important tool for modeling environmental systems. Aiming to use the cloud-based computing capabilities of Google Earth Engine (GEE), we customized an algorithm for calculating terrain attributes, such as slope, aspect, and curvatures, for different resolution and geographical extents. The calculation method is based on geometry and elevation values estimated within a 3 × 3 spheroidal window, and it does not rely on projected elevation data. Thus, partial derivatives of terrain are calculated considering the great circle distances of reference nodes of the topographic su

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22

Hu, Chenxia, Alan Wright, and Gang Lian. "Estimating the Spatial Distribution of Soil Properties Using Environmental Variables at a Catchment Scale in the Loess Hilly Area, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (2019): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030491.

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A comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of soil properties are the basis for sustainable land management. Topography and land use types are key factors affecting soil property variability. This study analyzed the effects of land use types and landscape locations on soil properties, based on data from 111 points of surface soil (0–20 cm) in the Zhujiagou catchment on the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Soil properties include clay, silt, bulk density (BD), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Land use types include slo

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23

BAGHERI BODAGHABADI, Mohsen, JoséAntonio MARTÍNEZ-CASASNOVAS, Mohammad Hasan SALEHI, et al. "Digital Soil Mapping Using Artificial Neural Networks and Terrain-Related Attributes." Pedosphere 25, no. 4 (2015): 580–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(15)30038-2.

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24

Obi, J. C., P. I. Ogban, U. J. Ituen, and B. T. Udoh. "Development of pedotransfer functions for coastal plain soils using terrain attributes." CATENA 123 (December 2014): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.015.

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25

Rußwurm, Marc, and Antoni Moore. "“Visualising the project landscape”: a spatialisation describing workload attributes as terrain." Environmental Earth Sciences 74, no. 10 (2015): 7159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4757-0.

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26

Bhagyanathan, Anjana, A. K. Kasthurba, Santosh G. Thampi, and Deepak Dhayanithy. "Terrain Attributes of Sacred Grove Locations Point towards Conscious Spatial Delineation." Current Science 114, no. 05 (2018): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i05/957-959.

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27

Lecours, Vincent, Rodolphe Devillers, Vanessa L. Lucieer, and Craig J. Brown. "Artefacts in Marine Digital Terrain Models: A Multiscale Analysis of Their Impact on the Derivation of Terrain Attributes." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 55, no. 9 (2017): 5391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2707303.

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28

Shukla, Tarini, Wenwu Tang, Carl C. Trettin, Gang Chen, Shenen Chen, and Craig Allan. "Quantification of Microtopography in Natural Ecosystems Using Close-Range Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 15, no. 9 (2023): 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092387.

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Microtopography plays an important role in various ecological, hydrologic, and biogeochemical processes. However, quantifying the characteristics of microtopography represents a data-intensive challenge. Over the last decade, high-resolution or close-range remote sensing data and techniques have emerged as powerful tools to quantify microtopography. Traditional field surveys were mostly limited to transects or small plots, using limited sets of observations but with the decrease in the cost of close-range remote sensing technologies and the increase in computing performance, the microtopograph

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Kleinn, Christoph, Berthold Traub, and Christian Hoffmann. "A note on the slope correction and the estimation of the length of line features." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 4 (2002): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-004.

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Length of line features, such as forest border, is among the ecologically interesting attributes estimated from forest inventories. In hilly terrain, observed line lengths must be corrected for slope. Contrary to the correction for standard area-related attributes (like volume per hectare), an overall correction of plot size is not sufficient, but the actual inclination of each individual line segment must be used for slope correction. This topic is discussed, and a mean correction factor is calculated as a function of terrain inclination assuming a uniform angular distribution of lines on the

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Möller, Markus, Simone Zepp, Martin Wiesmeier, Heike Gerighausen, and Uta Heiden. "Scale-Specific Prediction of Topsoil Organic Carbon Contents Using Terrain Attributes and SCMaP Soil Reflectance Composites." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (2022): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102295.

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There is a growing need for an area-wide knowledge of SOC contents in agricultural soils at the field scale for food security and monitoring long-term changes related to soil health and climate change. In Germany, SOC maps are mostly available with a spatial resolution of 250 m to 1 km2. The nationwide availability of both digital elevation models at various spatial resolutions and multi-temporal satellite imagery enables the derivation of multi-scale terrain attributes and (here: Landsat-based) multi-temporal soil reflectance composites (SRC) as explanatory variables. In the example of a Bava

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Gao, Shuo, Yixuan Wang, Chaoming Fang, and Lijun Xu. "A Smart Terrain Identification Technique Based on Electromyography, Ground Reaction Force, and Machine Learning for Lower Limb Rehabilitation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082638.

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Automatic terrain classification in lower limb rehabilitation systems has gained worldwide attention. In this field, a simple system architecture and high classification accuracy are two desired attributes. In this article, a smart neuromuscular–mechanical fusion and machine learning-based terrain classification technique utilizing only two electromyography (EMG) sensors and two ground reaction force (GRF) sensors is reported for classifying three different terrains (downhill, level, and uphill). The EMG and GRF signals from ten healthy subjects were collected, preprocessed and segmented to ob

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Peña-Arancibia, J. L., A. I. J. M. van Dijk, M. Mulligan, and L. A. Bruijnzeel. "The role of climatic and terrain attributes in estimating baseflow recession in tropical catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 11 (2010): 2193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2193-2010.

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Abstract. The understanding of low flows in rivers is paramount more than ever as demand for water increases on a global scale. At the same time, limited streamflow data to investigate this phenomenon, particularly in the tropics, makes the provision of accurate estimations in ungauged areas an ongoing research need. This paper analysed the potential of climatic and terrain attributes of 167 tropical and sub-tropical unregulated catchments to predict baseflow recession rates. Daily streamflow data (m3 s–1) from the Global River Discharge Center (GRDC) and a linear reservoir model were used to

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Márquez, Juan D., Luis E. Peña, Miguel Barrios, and Julián Leal. "Detection of rainwater harvesting ponds by matching terrain attributes with hydrologic response." Journal of Cleaner Production 296 (May 2021): 126520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126520.

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34

Pike, A. C., T. G. Mueller, A. Schörgendorfer, S. A. Shearer, and A. D. Karathanasis. "Erosion Index Derived from Terrain Attributes using Logistic Regression and Neural Networks." Agronomy Journal 101, no. 5 (2009): 1068–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0207x.

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35

Erskine, Robert H., Timothy R. Green, Jorge A. Ramirez, and Lee H. MacDonald. "Digital Elevation Accuracy and Grid Cell Size: Effects on Estimated Terrain Attributes." Soil Science Society of America Journal 71, no. 4 (2007): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0142.

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36

Romano, Nunzio, and Mario Palladino. "Prediction of soil water retention using soil physical data and terrain attributes." Journal of Hydrology 265, no. 1-4 (2002): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(02)00094-x.

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Devine, Scott M., Anthony T. O'Geen, Han Liu, et al. "Terrain attributes and forage productivity predict catchment-scale soil organic carbon stocks." Geoderma 368 (June 2020): 114286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114286.

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Chaplot, Vincent. "Impact of terrain attributes, parent material and soil types on gully erosion." Geomorphology 186 (March 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.031.

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Craig Dobson, M., Fawwaz T. Ulaby, and Leland E. Pierce. "Land-cover classification and estimation of terrain attributes using synthetic aperture radar." Remote Sensing of Environment 51, no. 1 (1995): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)00075-x.

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40

Moudrý, Vítězslav, Vincent Lecours, Marco Malavasi, et al. "Potential pitfalls in rescaling digital terrain model-derived attributes for ecological studies." Ecological Informatics 54 (November 2019): 100987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.100987.

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Koganti, Triven, Diana Vigah Adetsu, John Triantafilis, Mogens H. Greve, and Amélie Marie Beucher. "Mapping peat depth using a portable gamma-ray sensor and terrain attributes." Geoderma 439 (November 2023): 116672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116672.

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Kim, Jinwook, and Hosung Shin. "Soil Depth Prediction Model Using Terrain Attributes in Gangwon-do, South Korea." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031453.

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Soil depth is a crucial parameter in slope stability analysis in mountainous areas. The drilling survey is the most reliable method for determining soil depth, but it requires a high cost for the vast geographical area. Therefore, this study proposes a soil depth prediction model for mountainous areas that uses Terrain Attributes (TAs) from digital maps. Gangwon-Do, a predominantly mountainous region in South Korea, is selected as the study target area. The study area is classified by parent rock type into igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, and sedimentary rocks. The correlation with TAs is ana

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Ogiesoba, Osareni C., Alexander Klokov, and Rodolfo Hernandez. "Diffraction imaging of polygonal faults within a submarine volcanic terrain, Maverick Basin, south Texas." Interpretation 3, no. 1 (2015): SF81—SF99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0105.1.

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Polygonal fault systems are common structural features of intracratonic continental margins. The map-view geometry of these faults became apparent with the use of powerful fault-imaging seismic attributes, such as coherence and curvature. However, these attributes lack the amplitude information necessary for lithological evaluation. We developed a 3D diffraction volume that not only imaged faults but also contained amplitude information. From the unmigrated stack volume, we extracted diffractions that were transformed into amplitude envelope and root-mean-square amplitude volumes. These attrib

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Chen, Yuwen. "GIS-statically-based modelling the groundwater quality assessment coupled with soil and terrain attributes data." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0292680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292680.

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In this study, we investigated the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for groundwater quality assessment through the integration of statistical models with soil and topographical data. Our primary objectives were to identify soil parameters and topographical attributes contributing to groundwater quality assessment and to evaluate the potential of geostatistics and GIS for spatial analysis of groundwater resources. Groundwater samples were collected from 43 agricultural wells, and surface soil layer samples (0–20 cm) were obtained near each well. We measured groundwater qualit

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Holopainen, M., M. Vastaranta, M. Karjalainen, et al. "FOREST INVENTORY ATTRIBUTE ESTIMATION USING AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING, AERIAL STEREO IMAGERY, RADARGRAMMETRY AND INTERFEROMETRY–FINNISH EXPERIENCES OF THE 3D TECHNIQUES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W4 (March 11, 2015): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w4-63-2015.

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Three-dimensional (3D) remote sensing has enabled detailed mapping of terrain and vegetation heights. Consequently, forest inventory attributes are estimated more and more using point clouds and normalized surface models. In practical applications, mainly airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been used in forest resource mapping. The current status is that ALS-based forest inventories are widespread, and the popularity of ALS has also raised interest toward alternative 3D techniques, including airborne and spaceborne techniques. Point clouds can be generated using photogrammetry, radargrammetry an

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Dimitrov, H., and D. Petrova-Antonova. "3D CITY MODEL AS A FIRST STEP TOWARDS DIGITAL TWIN OF SOFIA CITY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-23-2021.

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Abstract. Semantic 3D city models are increasingly applied for a wide range of analysis and simulations of large urban areas. Such models are used as a foundation for development of city digital twins, representing with high accuracy the landscapes and urban areas as well as dynamic of the city in terms of processes and events. In this context, this paper presents a 3D city model, which is a starting point for development of digital twin of Sofia city. The 3D model is compliant with CityGML 2.0 in LOD1, supporting integration of the buildings and terrain and enriching the buildings’ attributes

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Medrano, F. Antonio. "Effects of raster terrain representation on GIS shortest path analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250106.

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Spatial analysis extracts meaning and insights from spatially referenced data, where the results are highly dependent on the quality of the data used and the manipulations on the data when preparing it for analysis. Users should understand the impacts that data representations may have on their results in order to prevent distortions in their outcomes. We study the consequences of two common data preparations when locating a linear feature performing shortest path analysis on raster terrain data: 1) the connectivity of the network generated by connecting raster cells to their neighbors, and 2)

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Rossi, Fernando, Johannes Breidenbach, Stefano Puliti, Rasmus Astrup, and Bruce Talbot. "Assessing Harvested Sites in a Forested Boreal Mountain Catchment through Global Forest Watch." Remote Sensing 11, no. 5 (2019): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050543.

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Global Forest Watch (GFW) provides a global map of annual forest cover loss (FCL) produced from Landsat imagery, offering a potentially powerful tool for monitoring changes in forest cover. In managed forests, FCL primarily provides information on commercial harvesting. A semi-autonomous method for providing data on the location and attributes of harvested sites at a landscape level was developed which could significantly improve the basis for catchment management, including risk mitigation. FCL in combination with aerial images was used for detecting and characterising harvested sites in a 16

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Qi, Jie, Bo Zhang, Huailai Zhou, and Kurt Marfurt. "Attribute expression of fault-controlled karst — Fort Worth Basin, Texas: A tutorial." Interpretation 2, no. 3 (2014): SF91—SF110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0188.1.

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Much of seismic interpretation is based on pattern recognition, such that experienced interpreters are able to extract subtle geologic features that a new interpreter may easily overlook. Seismic pattern recognition is based on the identification of changes in (1) amplitude, (2) phase, (3) frequency, (4) dip, (5) continuity, and (6) reflector configuration. Seismic attributes, which providing quantitative measures that can be subsequently used in risk analysis and data mining, partially automate the pattern recognition problem by extracting key statistical, geometric, or kinematic components o

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Li, Yunfei, Hongda Zeng, Jingfeng Xiong, and Guofang Miao. "Influence of Topography on UAV LiDAR-Based LAI Estimation in Subtropical Mountainous Secondary Broadleaf Forests." Forests 15, no. 1 (2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010017.

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The leaf area index (LAI) serves as a crucial metric in quantifying the structure and density of vegetation canopies, playing an instrumental role in determining vegetation productivity, nutrient and water utilization, and carbon balance dynamics. In subtropical montane forests, the pronounced spatial heterogeneity combined with undulating terrain introduces significant challenges for the optical remote sensing inversion accuracy of LAI, thereby complicating the process of ground validation data collection. The emergence of UAV LiDAR offers an innovative monitoring methodology for canopy LAI i

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