Academic literature on the topic 'Terrain characteristics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Terrain characteristics"

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Frade, Miguel, F. Fernandez de Vega, and Carlos Cotta. "Breeding Terrains with Genetic Terrain Programming: The Evolution of Terrain Generators." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2009 (2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/125714.

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Although a number of terrain generation techniques have been proposed during the last few years, all of them have some key constraints. Modelling techniques depend highly upon designer's skills, time, and effort to obtain acceptable results, and cannot be used to automatically generate terrains. The simpler methods allow only a narrow variety of terrain types and offer little control on the outcome terrain. The Genetic Terrain Programming technique, based on evolutionary design with Genetic Programming, allows designers to evolve terrains according to their aesthetic feelings or desired featur
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Huang, Guosheng, Mingli Wu, Zhen Qiao, et al. "Characteristics and Simulation of Icing Thickness of Overhead Transmission Lines across Various Micro-Terrains." Energies 17, no. 16 (2024): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17164024.

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The hazard of ice accretion on overhead power circuits is significant, yet predicting it is very difficult. The key reason lies in the shortage of sufficient observational data on ice thickness, and previous studies have also rarely taken into account micro-terrain and micro-meteorological conditions. In response to the challenge of simulating overhead line icing, this study introduces a new icing simulation technique that fully considers the effects of micro-terrain and micro-meteorology. For this technique, typical micro-terrains of overhead line areas are first identified by using high-reso
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Huai, Xiaowei, Li Li, Jun Guo, Shifeng Wu, and Zhou Jian. "Numerical study of the aerodynamic characteristics around typical terrain with different temperature." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018502021.

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The distributions of near-surface meteorological elements, such as wind, are greatly affected by the terrain underneath, which makes the power structure of micro geomorphic area more vulnerable to the influence of local climate. Single hills with length are one of typical terrains in microrelief. In this paper, the circulation caused by buoyant flows and temperate within typical single hilly terrain with length is studied. The Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) is used to integrate buoyancy, turbulence and micro-terrain into a single model and it is applied to the special situation of micro-terrai
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Wang, Yin, Ming Xu, Lingling Wang, et al. "Numerical Investigation of the Stress on a Cylinder Exerted by a Stratified Current Flowing on Uneven Ground." Water 15, no. 8 (2023): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15081598.

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In this study, a three-dimensional internal wave (IW)—cylinder—terrain coupled numerical model is established. Based on the large-eddy simulation (LES) method, the IW mechanical characteristics of the cylinder and the flow field evolution around the cylinder over different types of terrains are explored. The similarities and differences in the mechanical characteristics of the cylinders in the environments with and without terrains are compared. The research results show that, when the IWs propagate over terrain, the waveform structures are prone to continuous changes. The intense reverse alte
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Hu, Peng, Yilin Chen, Yan Han, Fei Zhang, and Yongjian Tang. "Numerical Simulation of Characteristics of Wind Field at Bridge Sites in Flat and Gorge Terrains under the Thunderstorm Downburst." Shock and Vibration 2021 (July 26, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9962519.

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To investigate the effects of thunderstorm downburst on the characteristics of wind field at bridge sites in flat and gorge terrains, firstly, numerical simulation of wind fields in the flat terrain under the thunderstorm downburst was conducted through the SST k-ω turbulence model, combined with the impinging jet technology. After verification of the reliability of the numerical model, settings, and methods, the characteristics of wind field over a long-span bridge site in a gorge terrain under the thunderstorm downburst were investigated and the distributions of wind speed and wind attack an
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Li, Yongle, Xinyu Xu, Mingjin Zhang, and Youlin Xu. "Wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of wind characteristics at a bridge site in mountainous terrain." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 8 (2016): 1223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216673377.

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Wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics simulation were conducted to study the wind characteristics at a bridge site in mountainous terrain. The upstream terrains were classified into three types: open terrain, open terrain with a steep slope close to the bridge, and open terrain with a ridge close to the bridge. Results obtained from the two methods were compared, including mean speed profiles in the vertical direction and variations of wind speed and angle of attack along the bridge deck. In addition, turbulence intensities at the bridge site obtained from wind tunnel test were dis
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Zhang, Yinglong, Baoru Huang, Meng Hong, Chao Huang, Guan Wang, and Min Guo. "A Terrain Classification Method for Quadruped Robots with Proprioception." Electronics 14, no. 6 (2025): 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061231.

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Acquiring terrain information during robot locomotion is essential for autonomous navigation, gait selection, and trajectory planning. Quadruped robots, due to their biomimetic structures, demonstrate enhanced traversability over complex terrains compared to other robotic platforms. Furthermore, the internal sensors of quadruped robots acquire rich terrain-related data during locomotion across diverse terrains. This study investigates the relationship between terrain characteristics and quadruped robots based on proprioception sensor data, and proposes a simple, efficient, and motion-independe
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Zou, Zan, Yue Du, and Huixing Song. "Fractal Features in Terrain Restoration of Jiuzhai Valley, a World Natural Heritage Site in China." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 12 (2023): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7120863.

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Jiuzhai Valley, a World Natural Heritage Site, was significantly damaged by an earthquake in 2017. However, case studies on the restoration of World Natural Heritage sites are lacking. This study aimed to use the box-counting method to analyze fractal characteristics of the terrain in Shuzheng Valley. Research data were used to conduct artificial intervention restoration of the earthquake-damaged terrain. Our results showed that (i) the travertine terrain shows self-similarity at different scales. The fractal dimension was related to terrain complexity: the more complex the terrain, the higher
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Kharchenko, Sergey, and Yury Belyaev. "Hydrographic and erosional dissection pattern as an indicator of landform type of the Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya Tundra." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016304003.

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The paper describes the methodology and presents the results of the calculation of the spectral characteristics of the terrain for the territory of the Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya Tundra (the north of the European part of Russia). There are nine terrain clusters, differing in the topographic dissection pattern. Their geomorphological interpretation is given. Three clusters characterize mountainous and coarsely hilly terrain with the depth of dissection from 150 m and more. The others are low and elevated terrains with much lower depths of dissection (up to 50 m) and different patterns
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Yan, Chunxiang, and Xiying Li. "Research on Stability Control System of Two-Wheel Heavy-Load Self-Balancing Vehicles in Complex Terrain." Applied Sciences 14, no. 17 (2024): 7682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14177682.

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In complex terrain, such as uneven roads or irregular terrain, two-wheeled heavy-duty self-balancing vehicles are easily affected by external interference factors, causing rollover or rendering the vehicle unable to move, which poses a greater challenge to its stability control. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a kinematic model of a two-wheeled vehicle and design a control system to study its driving stability. This paper aims to study the stability control system of a two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle under complex terrain. First, a self-balancing vehicle modeling method based on com
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Terrain characteristics"

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Wilson, Jessica L. "CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES AND THEIR OPERATORS ON KENTUCKY FARMS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/5.

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All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) were first developed and marketed in the U.S. in the 1970s. They have soared in popularity for occupational and recreational uses since that time. In 2008, there were approximately 10.2 million all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) in use in the United States. In 2001, it was estimated that 23 million Americans rode ATVs; 69% were adults and 31% children (CPSC, 2003). Deaths and injuries from ATVs have increased over time. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Kentucky led the nation for ATV deaths from 2002-2006, with increasing numbers of fatalities annu
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Hartshorne, James Byng. "Assessing the influence of digital terrain model characteristics on tropical slope stability analysis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336822.

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Landl, Barbara Maria. "Investigation of small scale characteristics of the energy balance over snow covered Alpine terrain /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17116.

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Campbell, Jacob. "Characteristics of a real-time digital terrain database Integrity Monitor for a Synthetic Vision System." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1177441410.

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Jeong, Gwanyong [Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Huwe. "Digital Soil Mapping for Functional Analysis of Site Characteristics in Complex Terrain / Gwanyong Jeong. Betreuer: Bernd Huwe." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1110966695/34.

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Biswas, Baidurya. "Effects of terrain characteristics on land use land cover in Sanka river basin (West Bengal and Jharkhand)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4746.

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Biswas, Baidurya. "Effects of terrain characteristics on land use land cover in sanka river basin (West Bengal and Jharkhand)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4747.

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Warscher, Michael [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Kunstmann. "Performance of Complex Snow Cover Descriptions in a Distributed Hydrological Model System and Simulation of Future Snow Cover and Discharge Characteristics: A Case Study for the High Alpine Terrain of the Berchtesgaden Alps / Michael Warscher. Betreuer: Harald Kunstmann." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079793763/34.

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Kay, Andrew. "Sm-Nd isotope, major element, and trace element geochemistry of the Nashoba terrane, eastern Massachusetts." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107672.

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Thesis advisor: Christopher J. Hepburn<br>The Nashoba terrane in eastern Massachusetts comprises Cambrian-Ordovician mafic to felsic metavolcanic rocks and interlayered sediments metamorphosed during the mid-Paleozoic and intruded by a series of dioritic to granitic plutons during the Silurian to earliest Carboniferous. This work comprises two parts discussing the Sm-Nd isotope characteristics and major and trace element geochemistry of the Nashoba terrane: the first discusses the Cambrian-Ordovician metamorphosed units, the second discusses the Silurian-Carboniferous plutons. Part I: The Nash
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Gaspar, Meliam Viganó. "A cerâmica arqueológica na terra indígena Kaiabi (MT/PA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-13012015-110614/.

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Este trabalho apresenta os resultados do estudo inicial das características tecnológicas do material cerâmico arqueológico coletado na Terra Indígena (T. I.) Kaiabi, localizada na região do baixo rio Teles Pires (Mato Grosso/Pará). Esta área ainda é bastante desconhecida do ponto de vista arqueológico, inserindo-se em um contexto que se relaciona tanto com o Brasil Central como com a Amazônia Meridional, tendo sido palco de ocupações e deslocamentos de diferentes populações indígenas ao longo do tempo. Para compreender melhor o que siginificam os conjuntos cerâmicos neste contexto, analisamos
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Books on the topic "Terrain characteristics"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Remote sensing of earth terrain: Progress report. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Remote sensing of earth terrain: Progress report. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Aiken, Edwin W. Effects of side-stick controllers on rotorcraft handling qualities for terrain flight. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1985.

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Center, Ames Research, ed. Effects of side-stick controllers on rotorcraft handling qualities for terrain flight. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1985.

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Center, Ames Research, ed. Effects of side-stick controllers on rotorcraft handling qualities for terrain flight. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1985.

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Center, Ames Research, ed. Effects of side-stick controllers on rotorcraft handling qualities for terrain flight. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1985.

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Center, Ames Research, ed. Effects of side-stick controllers on rotorcraft handling qualities for terrain flight. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1985.

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1942-, Kong Jin Au, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Remote sensing of Earth terrain: Period covered January 1, 1990- June 30, 1990. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Electromagnetic Theory and Applications, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 1990.

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Yueh, H. A. Remote sensing of Earth terrain: Period covered January 1, 1990- June 30, 1990. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Electromagnetic Theory and Applications, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 1990.

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Hansen, Bruce P. Use of surface and borehole geophysical surveys to determine fracture orientation and other site characteristics in crystalline bedrock terrain, Millville and Uxbridge, Massachusetts. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Terrain characteristics"

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Shaban, Amin. "Atmospheric Regime and Terrain Characteristics." In World Water Resources. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48717-1_2.

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Shafeek, N., K. Anjana, G. Tom, et al. "Effect of Unusual Terrain on Local Wind Characteristics." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4183-4_4.

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Brunner, Michael, Dirk Schulz, and Armin B. Cremers. "Adhering to Terrain Characteristics for Position Estimation of Mobile Robots." In Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19539-6_10.

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Hegazy, M. N., and H. Effat. "Exploring the Egyptian Terrain Characteristics from Space for Strategic Planning." In Survival and Sustainability. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5_75.

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Reddy, Mallikarjuna, Sanyam Kakkar, Prabhu Pal Singh, and Uma Shankar Lath. "Modeling and Validation of Ride Characteristics of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6374-0_60.

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Zhang, Yu, Qi Yuan, and Wei He. "Wind load characteristics of single column three-sided billboards on sloping terrain." In Atlantis Highlights in Engineering. Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-312-2_15.

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Chen, Fangjian, Jing Zhang, Haitao Hu, Changzhao Qian, and Changping Chen. "Field Measurement Study on Wind Characteristics of Monsoon in Coastal Terrain of Xiamen." In Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56056-9_33.

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Mei, Hongbo, Guangdao Hu, Linli Zhou, and Huiqin Zeng. "Evaluation of Cobalt-Rich Crust Resources Based on Fractal Characteristics of Seamount Terrain." In Advances in Computation and Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04843-2_26.

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Floris, Antonio, and Lucio Di Cosmo. "Protective Function and Primary Designated Management Objective." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98678-0_11.

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AbstractIn a framework of multiple services supplied simultaneously by forests, the protection against natural hazards is one of the most important. Forests deliver conservation of natural resources, including soil and water, and other environmental services. They slow water dispersion and allow for infiltration and percolation of rainwater, which recharges soil and underground water storage. Forest cover, moreover, protects soil from wind and water erosion, avalanches and landslides. INFC collects a wide range of information related to the protective function of Italian wooded areas. This cha
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Ramana, G. V., Arif Ali Baig Moghal, and Shashank Pathak. "Reappraisal on the Field Tests for Determination of Rock Mass Characteristics for Open Terrain (s)." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6466-0_66.

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Conference papers on the topic "Terrain characteristics"

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Jepson, W. Paul, and Cheolho Kang. "Modeling CO2 Corrosion in Hilly Terrain Pipelines." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04352.

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Abstract The corrosion rate is generally measured using intrusive technologies such as coupons and electrical resistance probes. Field trials were carried out to detect flow characteristics (e.g. type of flow, liquid film height) and subsequent corrosion in hilly terrain pipelines using high-precision, non-intrusive ultrasound techniques. The ultrasound corrosion monitor was based on very fast response data collection, signal identification, and signal analysis. A cross-correlation, pulse-echo technique was used for the measurement of multiphase flow characteristics. The field pipeline was exa
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Li, Lu, Guanhongye Peng, and Xin-cheng Ren. "Study on the Characteristics of Composite Electromagnetic Scattering from Actual Terrain Surfaces with Multiple Targets." In 2024 14th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isape62431.2024.10840627.

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Wyszyński, Marek, Tobiasz Wieczorek, and Wiktoria Szmagała. "Evaluating Factors Influencing Passability: Determining terrain passability for military vehicles based on their basic characteristics." In 2025 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmt65201.2025.11061291.

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Kharchenko, Sergey, and Sergey Kharchenko. "IMPORTANCE OF GEOMORPHOMETRIC AND GEOLOGIC VARIABLES FOR AUTOMATED DELINEATION OF GEOMORPHOLOGICAL UNITS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF YAMAL PENINSULA)." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/2.1/s08.14.

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This study assesses the efficiency of various geomorphometric terrain characteristics and a number of categorical geological parameters in training statistical models to create geomorphological maps. The study area is the central sector of the western coast of Yamal Peninsula (S = 10 400 km2). The terrain is exceptionally flat and morphologically similar, but the genesis and age of the surfaces are diverse. The background surface type is marine terraces of various (Middle Pleistocene to Holocene) ages, subsequently reworked by fluvial, cryogenic, and other exogenous processes. The classificati
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Kharchenko, Sergey, and Sergey Kharchenko. "AN EXPERIMENT OF AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING OF THE LANDFORMS OF THE YAMAL PENINSULA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/2.1/s08.13.

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This study investigates the potential of automated geomorphological mapping using geomorphometric analysis and machine learning on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. The research aims to classify landforms based solely on geomorphometric characteristics, bypassing traditional manual interpretation of aerial imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs). The study utilized a DEM of the Yamal Peninsula and a reference geomorphological map, including 10 distinct landform types. A total of 119 geomorphometric variables, including spectral characteristics of the terrain, were calculated and used for traini
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Hu, Longteng, Feng Xue, Chen Yao, et al. "Terrain Classification Using Inside-Wheel Cameras Based on Wheel-Terrain Interaction Characteristics." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio58561.2023.10354894.

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Ghodrat, Maryam. "Effect of terrian characteristics on wind fire interaction in wildland urban interface." In International Conference on Fire Safety Engineering Research and Practice. Science Technology and Management Crescent Australia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.71427/icfserp2024/81.

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The present study investigates how sloped terrain and wind velocity impact the dynamics of wildfire at the Wildland-Urban Interface. Using FireFOAM solver within the OpenFOAM open-source CFD code, the governing equations are numerically solved. Validation of the numerical results is conducted by comparing them with two different experimental measurements and one numerical study, focusing on a cubic building structure located downstream from the fire source. Various upslope terrains, representing the diverse topography of wildlands, along with different wind velocities, are simulated to analyse
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Lu, Jinghui, Gang Zhu, and Cesar Briso-Rodriguez. "Fading Characteristics in the Railway Terrain Cuttings." In 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2011-Spring). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2011.5956605.

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Zheng, Guohua, J. P. Brill, and Ovadia Shoham. "Hilly Terrain Effects on Slug Flow Characteristics." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/26566-ms.

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Jia, Yudong, Xiaoqing Zhang, Yong Lv, and Xiaoping Lang. "Lidar echo characteristics analysis for stepped terrain." In International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation 2012, edited by Jie Lin. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2014743.

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Reports on the topic "Terrain characteristics"

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Dobis, Elizabeth A., John Cromartie, Ryan Williams, and Kyle Reed. Characterizing rugged terrain in the United States. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134137.ers.

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Mountains and other topographic features with variable elevation provide benefits to residents and visitors but may also impose barriers to travel and restrict economic development. ERS researchers develop two national representations of relative topographic variability for census tracts: the Area Ruggedness Scale characterizes overall ruggedness and the Road Ruggedness Scale characterizes ruggedness along roads. To understand variation of characteristics by terrain ruggedness ERS researchers analyze population, population density, and income across road ruggedness categories, rurality, and re
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Hayward, N., and J. J. Ryan. Geophysical characteristics of the northern Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326069.

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Geophysical data acquired under the Geological Survey of Canada's GEM Cordillera project provide a foundation to a broad range of geological investigations in the northern Canadian Cordillera. For areas of specific geological interest, over 230 000 km of high-resolution aeromagnetic data form a mosaic of comprehensive coverage over a total area of more than 82 000 km2. The data provide a powerful and valuable legacy data set for current and future activities by the Geological Survey of Canada and academic and industry partners and clients. Foremost, geophysical data interpretation complements
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Rehrer, Sarah, Andrew Griffin, and Matthew Renner. Cross country mobility (CCM) modeling using triangulated irregular networks (TIN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46082.

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Cross country mobility (CCM) models terrain that has insufficient or unavailable infrastructure for crossing. This historically has been done with either hand-drawn and estimated maps or with raster-based terrain analysis, both of which have their own strengths and weaknesses. In this report the authors explore the possibility of using triangulated irregular networks (TINs) as a means of representing terrain characteristics used in CCM and discuss the possibilities of using such networks for routing capabilities in lieu of a traditional road-based network. The factors used to calculate CCM are
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Charusiri, Punya, Wasant Pongsapich, and Chakkaphan Sutthirat. Petrochemistry of probable gem-bearing basalts in Sop Prap-Ko Kha Area, Changwat Lampang : research report. Chulalongkorn University, 1996. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1996.17.

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The project area covers approximately 300 km[superscript 2] encompassing parts of Amphoe Sop Prap, Amphoe Ko Kha, and Amphoe Mae Tha of Changwat Lampang. The area is mainly occupied by sedimentary (and metamorphic) rocks of Permian, Triassic, Tertiary and Quaternary ages. The Triassic rocks include the Phra That, the Pha Kan, and the Hong Hoi Formations of the Lampang Group. Igneous rocks comprise Permo-Triassic volcanics, Triassic granodiorite, and Cenozoic basalts. Sapphires are frequently found in alluvial and residual deposits, particularly in the northern basaltic area. Sapphires in the s
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Bodie, Mark, Michael Parker, Alexander Stott, and Bruce Elder. Snow-covered obstacles’ effect on vehicle mobility. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38839.

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The Mobility in Complex Environments project used unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to identify obstacles and to provide path planning in forward operational locations. The UAS were equipped with remote-sensing devices, such as photogrammetry and lidar, to identify obstacles. The path-planning algorithms incorporated the detected obstacles to then identify the fastest and safest vehicle routes. Future algorithms should incorporate vehicle characteristics as each type of vehicle will perform differently over a given obstacle, resulting in distinctive optimal paths. This study explored the effect of
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Haring, Christopher, and Michael Dougherty. Geomorphic metrics used in FluvialGeomorph. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47494.

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FluvialGeomorph (FG) is a geographic information system-based geomorphic analysis toolkit that analyzes high-resolution terrain data to provide river-reach assessments for watershed studies. This report demonstrates the utility of FG to identify physical stream channel characteristics that are used to determine channel stability. The FG toolbox is a remote-sensing approach based on lidar data, designed to measure channel, floodplain, valley, and watershed metrics necessary for watershed assessments. Currently, channel slope and cross-sectional analysis and planform metrics are being evaluated
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Beckett-Brown, C. E., A. M. McDonald, and M. B. McClenaghan. Discovering a porphyry deposit using tourmaline: a case study from Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331349.

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As the exploration for porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits has become increasingly challenging, the development of more effective techniques directed at detecting buried deposits has become critical. One methodology is to focus on key minerals, one of which is tourmaline, a robust, ubiquitous mineral in most mineralized porphyry systems. Overall, a combination of physical and chemical characteristics including 1) macro-color, 2) morphology, 3) inclusion populations, and 4) trace-element compositions are useful in discriminating between porphyry- versus non-porphyry-derived (or related) tourmaline in su
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Fassnacht, Steven, Kazuyoshi Suzuki, Jessica Sanow, et al. Snow surface roughness across spatio-temporal scales. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49199.

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The snow surface is at the interface between the atmosphere and Earth. The surface of the snowpack changes due to its interaction with precipitation, wind, humidity, short- and long-wave radiation, underlying terrain characteristics, and land cover. These connections create a dynamic snow surface that impacts the energy and mass balance of the snowpack, blowing snow potential, and other snowpack processes. Despite this, the snow surface is generally considered a constant parameter in many Earth system models. Data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cold Land Processe
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Goswami, Amlanjyoti, Sudeshna Mitra, Deepika Jha, Kaye Lushington, and Sahil Sasidharan. Land Records Modernisation in India: An Institutional, Legal & Policy Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195489305.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems at the national level. Introducing property records and patterns of ownership in India, it provides an overview of various central government schemes promoting land records modernisation. It discusses the systemic and legal characteristics of land records and the proposed shift to conclusive land titling system, drawing attention to issues of tenure and property rights, especially in the urban and peri-urban context. Presenting multiple case studies on ongoing modernisation ini
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Lee, Huey-Lin, Thomas Hertel, Brent Sohngen, and Navin Ramankutty. Towards An Integrated Land Use Database for Assessing the Potential for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation. GTAP Technical Paper, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp25.

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This paper describes the GTAP Land Use Data Base designed to support integrated assessments of the potential for greenhouse gas mitigation. It disaggregates land use by agro-ecological zone (AEZ). To do so, it draws upon global land cover data bases, as well as state-of-the-art definition of AEZs from the FAO and IIASA. Agro-ecological zoning segments a parcel of land into smaller units according to agro-ecological characteristics, including: precipitation, temperature, soil type, terrain conditions, etc. Each zone has a similar combination of constraints and potential for land use. In the GTA
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