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Journal articles on the topic 'Terrain characteristics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Frade, Miguel, F. Fernandez de Vega, and Carlos Cotta. "Breeding Terrains with Genetic Terrain Programming: The Evolution of Terrain Generators." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2009 (2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/125714.

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Although a number of terrain generation techniques have been proposed during the last few years, all of them have some key constraints. Modelling techniques depend highly upon designer's skills, time, and effort to obtain acceptable results, and cannot be used to automatically generate terrains. The simpler methods allow only a narrow variety of terrain types and offer little control on the outcome terrain. The Genetic Terrain Programming technique, based on evolutionary design with Genetic Programming, allows designers to evolve terrains according to their aesthetic feelings or desired featur

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2

Huang, Guosheng, Mingli Wu, Zhen Qiao, et al. "Characteristics and Simulation of Icing Thickness of Overhead Transmission Lines across Various Micro-Terrains." Energies 17, no. 16 (2024): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17164024.

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The hazard of ice accretion on overhead power circuits is significant, yet predicting it is very difficult. The key reason lies in the shortage of sufficient observational data on ice thickness, and previous studies have also rarely taken into account micro-terrain and micro-meteorological conditions. In response to the challenge of simulating overhead line icing, this study introduces a new icing simulation technique that fully considers the effects of micro-terrain and micro-meteorology. For this technique, typical micro-terrains of overhead line areas are first identified by using high-reso

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Huai, Xiaowei, Li Li, Jun Guo, Shifeng Wu, and Zhou Jian. "Numerical study of the aerodynamic characteristics around typical terrain with different temperature." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018502021.

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The distributions of near-surface meteorological elements, such as wind, are greatly affected by the terrain underneath, which makes the power structure of micro geomorphic area more vulnerable to the influence of local climate. Single hills with length are one of typical terrains in microrelief. In this paper, the circulation caused by buoyant flows and temperate within typical single hilly terrain with length is studied. The Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) is used to integrate buoyancy, turbulence and micro-terrain into a single model and it is applied to the special situation of micro-terrai

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Wang, Yin, Ming Xu, Lingling Wang, et al. "Numerical Investigation of the Stress on a Cylinder Exerted by a Stratified Current Flowing on Uneven Ground." Water 15, no. 8 (2023): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15081598.

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In this study, a three-dimensional internal wave (IW)—cylinder—terrain coupled numerical model is established. Based on the large-eddy simulation (LES) method, the IW mechanical characteristics of the cylinder and the flow field evolution around the cylinder over different types of terrains are explored. The similarities and differences in the mechanical characteristics of the cylinders in the environments with and without terrains are compared. The research results show that, when the IWs propagate over terrain, the waveform structures are prone to continuous changes. The intense reverse alte

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Hu, Peng, Yilin Chen, Yan Han, Fei Zhang, and Yongjian Tang. "Numerical Simulation of Characteristics of Wind Field at Bridge Sites in Flat and Gorge Terrains under the Thunderstorm Downburst." Shock and Vibration 2021 (July 26, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9962519.

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To investigate the effects of thunderstorm downburst on the characteristics of wind field at bridge sites in flat and gorge terrains, firstly, numerical simulation of wind fields in the flat terrain under the thunderstorm downburst was conducted through the SST k-ω turbulence model, combined with the impinging jet technology. After verification of the reliability of the numerical model, settings, and methods, the characteristics of wind field over a long-span bridge site in a gorge terrain under the thunderstorm downburst were investigated and the distributions of wind speed and wind attack an

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6

Li, Yongle, Xinyu Xu, Mingjin Zhang, and Youlin Xu. "Wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of wind characteristics at a bridge site in mountainous terrain." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 8 (2016): 1223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216673377.

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Wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics simulation were conducted to study the wind characteristics at a bridge site in mountainous terrain. The upstream terrains were classified into three types: open terrain, open terrain with a steep slope close to the bridge, and open terrain with a ridge close to the bridge. Results obtained from the two methods were compared, including mean speed profiles in the vertical direction and variations of wind speed and angle of attack along the bridge deck. In addition, turbulence intensities at the bridge site obtained from wind tunnel test were dis

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Zhang, Yinglong, Baoru Huang, Meng Hong, Chao Huang, Guan Wang, and Min Guo. "A Terrain Classification Method for Quadruped Robots with Proprioception." Electronics 14, no. 6 (2025): 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061231.

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Acquiring terrain information during robot locomotion is essential for autonomous navigation, gait selection, and trajectory planning. Quadruped robots, due to their biomimetic structures, demonstrate enhanced traversability over complex terrains compared to other robotic platforms. Furthermore, the internal sensors of quadruped robots acquire rich terrain-related data during locomotion across diverse terrains. This study investigates the relationship between terrain characteristics and quadruped robots based on proprioception sensor data, and proposes a simple, efficient, and motion-independe

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8

Zou, Zan, Yue Du, and Huixing Song. "Fractal Features in Terrain Restoration of Jiuzhai Valley, a World Natural Heritage Site in China." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 12 (2023): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7120863.

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Jiuzhai Valley, a World Natural Heritage Site, was significantly damaged by an earthquake in 2017. However, case studies on the restoration of World Natural Heritage sites are lacking. This study aimed to use the box-counting method to analyze fractal characteristics of the terrain in Shuzheng Valley. Research data were used to conduct artificial intervention restoration of the earthquake-damaged terrain. Our results showed that (i) the travertine terrain shows self-similarity at different scales. The fractal dimension was related to terrain complexity: the more complex the terrain, the higher

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9

Kharchenko, Sergey, and Yury Belyaev. "Hydrographic and erosional dissection pattern as an indicator of landform type of the Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya Tundra." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016304003.

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The paper describes the methodology and presents the results of the calculation of the spectral characteristics of the terrain for the territory of the Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya Tundra (the north of the European part of Russia). There are nine terrain clusters, differing in the topographic dissection pattern. Their geomorphological interpretation is given. Three clusters characterize mountainous and coarsely hilly terrain with the depth of dissection from 150 m and more. The others are low and elevated terrains with much lower depths of dissection (up to 50 m) and different patterns

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10

Yan, Chunxiang, and Xiying Li. "Research on Stability Control System of Two-Wheel Heavy-Load Self-Balancing Vehicles in Complex Terrain." Applied Sciences 14, no. 17 (2024): 7682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14177682.

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In complex terrain, such as uneven roads or irregular terrain, two-wheeled heavy-duty self-balancing vehicles are easily affected by external interference factors, causing rollover or rendering the vehicle unable to move, which poses a greater challenge to its stability control. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a kinematic model of a two-wheeled vehicle and design a control system to study its driving stability. This paper aims to study the stability control system of a two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle under complex terrain. First, a self-balancing vehicle modeling method based on com

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11

Lv, Fengtian, Nan Li, Chuankai Liu, et al. "Highly Accurate Visual Method of Mars Terrain Classification for Rovers Based on Novel Image Features." Entropy 24, no. 9 (2022): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091304.

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It is important for Mars exploration rovers to achieve autonomous and safe mobility over rough terrain. Terrain classification can help rovers to select a safe terrain to traverse and avoid sinking and/or damaging the vehicle. Mars terrains are often classified using visual methods. However, the accuracy of terrain classification has been less than 90% in read operations. A high-accuracy vision-based method for Mars terrain classification is presented in this paper. By analyzing Mars terrain characteristics, novel image features, including multiscale gray gradient-grade features, multiscale ed

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12

Yan, Bowen, Shuangchen Tang, Meng Yu, Guowei Qian, and Yao Chen. "Atmospheric Turbulence Effects on Wind Turbine Wakes over Two-Dimensional Hill: A Wind Tunnel Study." Energies 18, no. 11 (2025): 2865. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112865.

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The wake behavior of wind turbines in complex terrain is influenced by the combined effects of atmospheric turbulence and terrain features, which brings challenges to wind farm power production and safety. Despite extensive studies, there remains a gap in understanding the combined impact of turbulent inflows and terrain slopes on turbine wake behaviors. To address this, the current study conducted systematic wind tunnel experiments, using scaled wind turbines and terrain models featured both gentle and steep slopes. In the experiments, different turbulent inflows were generated and the wake c

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13

Xuan Lu, Xuan Lu, Zelong Xiao Zelong Xiao, and Jianzhong Xu Jianzhong Xu. "Linear polarization characteristics for terrain identification at millimeter wave band." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 10 (2014): 101201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.101201.

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14

Guo, Yu, Peng Li, Hongde Qin, Zhongyu Lin, and Jiaqi Guo. "Research on the Influence of Turbulent Flow Induced by Dunes on AUVs." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (2023): 10273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810273.

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The demand for oceanic resource exploration and development is increasing, and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have emerged as potential tools for ocean exploration. To meet specific operational requirements, AUVs are required to operate in close proximity to the seafloor. However, complex and changeable seafloor terrains have complex spatiotemporal characteristics, which produce unsteady hydrodynamic interference on AUVs, affecting their safety and stability. In order to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of AUVs in turbulent flow fields near seafloor terrains, this study sele

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15

Hu, Peng, Yongle Li, GJ Xu, Yan Han, CS Cai, and Fanrong Xue. "Investigation of the longitudinal wind power spectra at the gorge terrain." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 11 (2017): 1768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217693632.

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This study investigates the fundamental characteristics of the longitudinal wind power spectra at the gorge terrain. First, a simplified V-shaped gorge terrain model, representing usual deep-cutting gorge terrains where long-span bridges usually straddle, was introduced for the wind tunnel test. The longitudinal wind power spectra at the gorge center were analyzed in detail and compared with those of the simulated oncoming wind. Then, a practical calculation method was proposed to directly calculate the power spectra values at the gorge terrain based on the oncoming wind field and minimum wind

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16

Fischer, Roland, Philipp Dittmann, René Weller, and Gabriel Zachmann. "AutoBiomes: procedural generation of multi-biome landscapes." Visual Computer 36, no. 10-12 (2020): 2263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01920-7.

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Abstract Advances in computer technology and increasing usage of computer graphics in a broad field of applications lead to rapidly rising demands regarding size and detail of virtual landscapes. Manually creating huge, realistic looking terrains and populating them densely with assets is an expensive and laborious task. In consequence, (semi-)automatic procedural terrain generation is a popular method to reduce the amount of manual work. However, such methods are usually highly specialized for certain terrain types and especially the procedural generation of landscapes composed of different b

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17

Yang , Joonyeol, Minhyeong Kang , Seulchan Lee, and Sanghyun Kim. "Hybrid A*-Guided Model Predictive Path Integral Control for Robust Navigation in Rough Terrains." Mathematics 13, no. 5 (2025): 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13050810.

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Navigating rough terrains requires a robust path planning algorithm that accounts for the physical properties of the environment to maintain stability and ensure safety. This article proposes the Hybrid A*-guided Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) algorithm augmented with traversability estimation to address the challenges of path planning on uneven terrains. The traversability estimation process quantifies surface characteristics, such as slope and roughness to identify traversable regions. Using this information, the Hybrid A* algorithm computes paths that minimize surface irregularities

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18

Koroteev, Viktor A., Viktor M. Necheukhin, Artur A. Krasnobaev, and Elena N. Volchek. "Terrains of the main geodynamical types in the structures of Ural-Timan areal and the Eurasia North-Eastern segment." LITOSFERA, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 779–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2018-18-6-779-796.

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Subject of study. Different points of view on the concept of structures of the terrain type and their role in the addition of orogenic belts are considered. Materials and methods. We used our own research and analysis of the latest publications about the Ural-Timan region and the Pacific belt, on the territory of the Northeast segment of Eurasia, as well as currently known isotope radiometric data. It was used also the result of geophysical seismotectonic and paleomagnetic explorations. Results. It has been established that in the composition of the Ural-Timan structural area, along with the P

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19

Yang, Xuebo, Cheng Wang, Sheng Nie, Xiaohuan Xi, Zhenyue Hu, and Haiming Qin. "Application and Validation of a Model for Terrain Slope Estimation Using Space-Borne LiDAR Waveform Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (2018): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111691.

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The terrain slope is one of the most important surface characteristics for quantifying the Earth surface processes. Space-borne LiDAR sensors have produced high-accuracy and large-area terrain measurement within the footprint. However, rigorous procedures are required to accurately estimate the terrain slope especially within the large footprint since the estimated slope is likely affected by footprint size, shape, orientation, and terrain aspect. Therefore, based on multiple available datasets, we explored the performance of a proposed terrain slope estimation model over several study sites a

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20

Ugbelase, Vincent Nwacholundu, Joel Izuchukwu Igbokwe, Josephine Ebele Emengini, Joseph Onyedika Ejikeme, and Esomchukwu Chinagorom Igbokwe. "Generating and analyzing Terrain characteristics from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), DEM." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (2021): 198–206. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5067311.

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Terrain analysis is the quantitative analysis of topographic surfaces. The purpose of a digital terrain system is to provide the digital representation of terrain so that environmental problem like soil erosion may be approached accurately and efficiently through automated means. Traditionally this was (and still is!) being done manually by using topographic/contour maps. With the availability of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and GIS tools, watershed properties can be extracted by using automated procedures. Remote Sensing and Digital elevation models (DEMs) are known to be very useful data s

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21

Brad, Stelian, and Bogdan Balog. "Integrated Rover Path Planning and Validation on Real Outdoor Terrain Scenarios Using Satellite Information to Conduct a Real Achievable Trajectory." Electronics 14, no. 5 (2025): 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14050921.

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The reliable and efficient navigation for mobile robots across challenging outdoor terrains is critical for autonomous robotics. Traditional methods for planning the path of such robots often emphasize minimizing the travel distance but do not accommodate terrain stability, variability, or energy efficiency. The study proposes an integrated approach between satellite-driven geolocation data and terrain-specific features that enhance the path planning strategies in complex outdoor environments. Our method proposes a controller that uses search-based algorithms to generate energy-efficient and d

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22

Yu, Dongyang, Jianfei He, Feihu Peng, et al. "Study on Vibration Characteristics of Paddy Power Chassis under Different Driving Conditions." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (2023): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091842.

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To elucidate the vibrational characteristics of power chassis in paddy fields, we examined the Yanmar VPG6G rice transplanter across diverse terrains, including paddy fields, dry land, and concrete roads. Vibrational acceleration measurements, taken in longitudinal, transverse, and vertical orientations at key chassis locations, revealed noteworthy findings. The Mizuta power chassis exhibited its lowest root-mean-square (RMS) vibrational acceleration on concrete, while the highest was observed on paddy fields. The acceleration power spectra predominantly peaked between 1~14 Hz, with peak value

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23

EL-KABBANY, AHMED, and A. RAMIREZ-SERRANO. "TERRAIN ROUGHNESS ASSESSMENT FOR HIGH SPEED UGV NAVIGATION IN UNKNOWN HETEROGENEOUS TERRAINS." International Journal of Information Acquisition 07, no. 02 (2010): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878910002142.

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This paper addresses the problem of determining the maximum allowable speed (V) of a vehicle traversing unknown off-road terrains. The calculated maximum speed achieves the fastest navigation without exceeding an allowable range of transmitted force (Fall) to the vehicle's frame. The proposed system enables the vehicle to transit between different terrains safely. The system's input are: (i) a 3D range image of the terrain and (ii) the vehicle's dimensions and characteristics (e.g., suspension parameters). First the terrain roughness is assessed; then the corresponding maximum allowable speed

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Yi, Long, Zeng Xianjun, Kang Peng, Zhou Ping, Zhao Chenxu, and Chen Fangxing. "Planning of Charging Facilities Considering Terrain Characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1754, no. 1 (2021): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1754/1/012057.

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Jong-Sen Lee, M. R. Grunes, E. Pottier, and L. Ferro-Famil. "Unsupervised terrain classification preserving polarimetric scattering characteristics." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 42, no. 4 (2004): 722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2003.819883.

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Yi-Yuan, Li, Wang Bin, and Wang Dong-Hai. "Characteristics of a Terrain-Following Sigma Coordinate." Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 4, no. 3 (2011): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2011.11446922.

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Shi, Hai Tao, Yuan Ze Wu, Sun Yi, and Bai Feng Ji. "Study on Downburst Wind Field Characteristics under Mountainous Terrain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2954.

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Downburst is a strong downdraft thunderstorm in the ground formed after the violent impact and spread along the ground very sudden and destructive winds near the ground short. From an engineering point of view for the structure of wind-resistant design, researching downburst wind field characteristics and ultimately determining a reasonable downburst wind profile is one of the core objectives of the study. Terrain conditions are the major factors of downburst wind field characteristics based on the typical mountain terrain on the wind storm flow condition, this paper established typical 2D slo

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28

Wei, Xiangqian, Yi Liu, Xinyu Chang, Jun Guo, and Haochuan Li. "Numerical Simulation of Terrain-Adaptive Wind Field Model Under Complex Terrain Conditions." Water 16, no. 15 (2024): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16152138.

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Complex terrain features such as mountains and hills can obstruct the airflow and force upward motion, thereby altering local atmospheric circulation patterns. During the rainy season, these terrain characteristics are more prone to causing intense local precipitation, leading to geological hazards such as floods and debris flows. These phenomena are closely linked to the intricate influence of terrain on wind fields, highlighting the necessity for in-depth research into wind field characteristics under complex terrain conditions. To address this, we propose a neural-network-based model levera

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He, Jiawei, Hongfu Zhang, and Lei Zhou. "Numerical Simulation of Wind Characteristics in Complex Mountains with Focus on Terrain Boundary Transition Curve." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (2023): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020230.

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In recent years, an increasing number of projects have been developed in complex mountainous areas. The wind environment in mountainous areas, extremely complex due to the undulating terrain and diverse landscapes, is a key factor threatening the structural safety of buildings and their appurtenances in mountainous areas. Therefore, it is important to study the wind environment in complex terrain to clarify the wind resistance of structures in mountainous areas. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches are commonly used to examine wind fields in complex terrain; however, due to the limite

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Liang, Li, Wanxiu Ai, Xiaodan Yang, and Luqiang Zhao. "Research on the Terrain Characteristics of Changbai Mountain and Their Impact on Precipitation and Wind Distribution." Atmosphere 15, no. 3 (2024): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030272.

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The terrain of Changbai Mountain has great influence on the distribution of atmospheric flows and the occurrence and development of precipitation. However, quantitative studies on the real terrain characteristics and the terrain effect on precipitation distribution in this region are scant at present. This study quantitatively analyzes the regional characteristic of topographic perturbations and the relationship between terrain, wind, and precipitation in Changbai Mountain region by using a spectral analysis of the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform. Three domains with relatively heavy

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Zhao, Fei, Yihan Gao, Tengyuan Wang, Jinsha Yuan, and Xiaoxia Gao. "Experimental Study on Wake Evolution of a 1.5 MW Wind Turbine in a Complex Terrain Wind Farm Based on LiDAR Measurements." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062467.

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To study the wake development characteristics of wind farms in complex terrains, two different types of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to conduct the field measurements in a mountain wind farm in Hebei Province, China. Under two different incoming wake conditions, the influence of wind shear, terrain and incoming wind characteristics on the development trend of wake was analyzed. The results showed that the existence of wind shear effect causes asymmetric distribution of wind speed in the wake region. The relief of the terrain behind the turbine indicated a subsidence of the wak

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Zhuang, Hongchao, Jiaju Wang, Ning Wang, et al. "A Review of Foot–Terrain Interaction Mechanics for Heavy-Duty Legged Robots." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156541.

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Heavy-duty legged robots have played an important role in material transportation, planet exploration, and other fields due to their unique advantages in complex and harsh terrain environments. The instability phenomenon of the heavy-duty legged robots often arises during the dynamic interactions between the supporting feet and the intricate terrains, which significantly impact the ability of the heavy-duty legged robots to move rapidly and accomplish tasks. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the mechanical behavior of foot–terrain interactions for the heavy-duty legged robots. In order to a

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Jorquera, Franco, Juan Estrada, and Fernando Auat. "Remote Instantaneous Power Consumption Estimation of Electric Vehicles from Satellite Information." Robotics 12, no. 6 (2023): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060151.

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Instantaneous Power Consumption (IPC) is relevant for understanding the autonomy and efficient energy usage of electric vehicles (EVs). However, effective vehicle management requires prior knowledge of whether they can complete a trajectory, necessitating an estimation of IPC consumption along it. This paper proposes an IPC estimation method for an EV based on satellite information. The methodology involves geolocation and georeferencing of the study area, trajectory planning, extracting altitude characteristics from the map to create an altitude profile, collecting terrain features, and ultim

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Nan, Xi, Ainong Li, Zhengwei He, and Jinhu Bian. "A Type of Scale-Oriented Terrain Pattern Derived from Normalized Topographic Relief Layers and Its Interpretation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 6 (2024): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13060209.

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Topographic scale characteristics contain valuable information for interpreting landform structures, which is crucial for understanding the spatial differentiation of landforms across large areas. However, the absence of parameters that specifically describe the topographic scale characteristics hinders the quantitative representation of regional topography from the perspective of spatial scales. In this study, false-color composite images were generated using normalized topographic relief data, showing a type of scale-oriented terrain pattern. Subsequent analysis indicated a direct correlatio

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PIGOL'TSINA, G. B., and D. V. FASOL'KO. "METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SNOW DEPTH IN COMPLEX TERRAIN WITH INSUFFICIENT METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION: A CASE STUDY FOR THE ANYUY RANGE." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, no. 2 (February 2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2022-2-45-52.

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In modern conditions of intensive economic development of the Eastern Siberia mountain regions, the spatial variability of the snow cover characteristics in complex terrain needs to be assessed. Such assessment is difficult due to the small number of weather stations in mountain regions. Indirect methods for calculating the snow cover characteristics for the areas with complex terrain have not been developed yet. A method is proposed for calculating the snow depth in mountain terrain, which is based on using microclimatic methods for obtaining detailed climatic information. The quantification

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Li, Li, Xunjian Xu, Jun Guo, and Zhou Jian. "Research on Micro-terrain Classification of Transmission Line Galloping." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 898, no. 1 (2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/898/1/012014.

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Abstract Micro-terrain and micro-weather have an important impact on transmission line galloping. In order to carry out galloping prediction of micro-terrain, the classification of galloping micro-terrain is studied in this work. Firstly, we collect historical data of 1537 galloping points from the State Grid Corporation of China, and select 208 galloping points located in the micro-terrain area by analyzing the altitude and the topographic relief characteristics around each galloping point. Then the galloping micro-terrain types are extracted by Empirical Orthogonal Function method, the first

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Ugbelase Vincent Nwacholundu, Igbokwe Joel Izuchukwu, Emengini Josephine Ebele, Ejikeme Joseph Onyedika, and Igbokwe Esomchukwu Chinagorom. "Generating and analyzing Terrain characteristics from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), DEM." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (2021): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0272.

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Terrain analysis is the quantitative analysis of topographic surfaces. The purpose of a digital terrain system is to provide the digital representation of terrain so that environmental problem like soil erosion may be approached accurately and efficiently through automated means. Traditionally this was (and still is!) being done manually by using topographic/contour maps. With the availability of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and GIS tools, watershed properties can be extracted by using automated procedures. Remote Sensing and Digital elevation models (DEMs) are known to be very useful data s

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38

Nellemann, Christian, Stein R. Moe, and Lucas P. Rutina. "Links between terrain characteristics and forage patterns of elephants (Loxodonta africana) in northern Botswana." Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no. 6 (2002): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002547.

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Spatial vegetation utilization of elephants was investigated within mixed woodland savanna along the Chobe River in northern Botswana in the dry season of 1998. Using multiple linear regression, accumulated stem breakage by elephants was predicted by a terrain index, distance to water, stand density, number of trees > 4 m tall, tree height, density of Combretum apiculatum, C. elaeagnoides, C. mossambicense and the density of other (accumulated) tree species. Within mixed woodland at 2–7 km distance from the river fine-grained terrain ruggedness was the most important factor contributing to

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Babu, Shaik Sai, Venigalla Purnachandra Rao, and Mekala Ram Mohan. "Clay Mineralogy and Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Recent Sediments in Rivers Along the West Coast of India: Implications for Provenance and Chemical Weathering." Minerals 15, no. 1 (2024): 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15010043.

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The clay mineralogy and major and trace element geochemistry of the sediments deposited at the lower reaches of 90 medium and minor rivers from five states along the west coast of India indicate distinct clay mineral assemblages in the Archean–Proterozoic (A-P) terrain and Deccan Trap (DT) terrain. The sediments from A-P terrain are dominated by kaolinite, with minor illite and gibbsite and traces of goethite, and those from DT terrain are dominated by smectite with minor illite, kaolinite and chlorite. The sediments are depleted of Si, Ca, Mg, Na and K relative to those of Post-Archean averag

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Yan, Zheping, Lichao Hao, Yuzhu Wang, and Tao Chen. "A Terrain-Following Control Method for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with Single-Beam Sensor Configuration." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (2024): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030366.

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This paper investigates the terrain-following problem for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from control perspectives with full consideration of terrain characteristics. By equipping the AUV with three simple single-beam echo sounders, a set of precise along-track bottom slopes are obtained in a real-time manner, and the occurrence of the lost bottom lock phenomenon caused by a single sonar altimeter is eliminated. A slope-based data processing method is developed, which enables an AUV to characterize seafloor features with complementary sensing modalities to generate proper adaptive heig

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Lv, Y., X. H. Tong, S. J. Liu, H. Xie, K. F. Luan, and J. Liu. "SIMULATION OF FULL-WAVEFORM LASER ALTIMETER ECHOWAVEFORM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-47-2016.

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Change of globe surface height is an important factor to study human living environment. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat is the first laser-ranging instrument for continuous global observations of the Earth. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of full-waveform laser altimeter, this study simulated the operating mode of ICESat and modeled different terrains’ (platform terrain, slope terrain, and artificial terrain) echo waveforms based on the radar equation. By changing the characteristics of the system and the targets, numerical echo waveforms can be achieved.

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Lv, Y., X. H. Tong, S. J. Liu, H. Xie, K. F. Luan, and J. Liu. "SIMULATION OF FULL-WAVEFORM LASER ALTIMETER ECHOWAVEFORM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-47-2016.

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Change of globe surface height is an important factor to study human living environment. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat is the first laser-ranging instrument for continuous global observations of the Earth. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of full-waveform laser altimeter, this study simulated the operating mode of ICESat and modeled different terrains’ (platform terrain, slope terrain, and artificial terrain) echo waveforms based on the radar equation. By changing the characteristics of the system and the targets, numerical echo waveforms can be achieved.

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Kawakami, Tsuyoshi, and Kazuhiro Sakai. "Assessing workload characteristics of rough terrain crane operators." Japanese journal of ergonomics 33, Supplement (1997): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.33.supplement_412.

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FOUNDA, D., M. TOMBROU, D. P. LALAS, and D. N. ASIMAKOPOULOS. "SOME MEASUREMENTS OF TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 83, no. 2 (1997): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1000288002105.

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Al-Jiboori, M. H., Xu Yumao, and Qian Yongfu. "Turbulence Characteristics Over Complex Terrain In West China." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 101, no. 1 (2001): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1019234724291.

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Kim, Dong-Ju, Geon Kang, Do-Yong Kim, and Jae-Jin Kim. "Characteristics of LDAPS-Predicted Surface Wind Speed and Temperature at Automated Weather Stations with Different Surrounding Land Cover and Topography in Korea." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (2020): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111224.

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We investigated the characteristics of surface wind speeds and temperatures predicted by the local data assimilation and prediction system (LDAPS) operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration. First, we classified automated weather stations (AWSs) into four categories (urban flat (Uf), rural flat (Rf), rural mountainous (Rm), and rural coastal (Rc) terrains) based on the surrounding land cover and topography, and selected 25 AWSs representing each category. Then we calculated the mean bias error of wind speed (WE) and temperature (TE) using AWS observations and LDAPS predictions for th

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Zhan, Zhengkai, Bo Leng, Wenhai Piao, XiHua Hu, Lu Xiong, and Yishi Lu. "Trajectory Tracking Control of Multi-axle Hybrid Steering Vehicles on Soft Terrain." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3024, no. 1 (2025): 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3024/1/012033.

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Abstract Aiming at the problem of large trajectory tracking control errors for multi-axle vehicles on soft terrain, this study comprehensively considers complex wheel-terrain interaction relationships on soft terrain and develops a time-varying parameter-based trajectory tracking control algorithm for soft terrain using MPC (Model Predictive Control). Specifically, it establishes calculation methods for tire longitudinal/lateral forces on soft terrain and fits corresponding force curves. A vehicle dynamics model and trajectory tracking error model adapted to soft terrain conditions are constru

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Xu, Cong Qi, Tian Mei Li, Gui Zhi Jia, and Rui Lin Gao. "Ferrying Performance Analysis of a New Type All-Terrain Tracked Water Carrier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1593.

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A new type all-terrain tracked water carrier is customized for water transportation with complicated terrains such as marsh, lake or dessert etc. The vehicle is designed based on combination of all-terrain tracked chassis and water storage tank. The tracked chassis provides the ferrying possibility, while tank structure and the thickness of heat-insulating layer is the key for successful ferrying. To further research the ferrying characteristics, the floatability and initial stability are analyzed. Then to optimize design of the vehicle, mathematic model of buoyancy center, reserve buoyancy an

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Winzeler, Hans Edwin, Phillip R. Owens, Tulsi Kharel, Amanda Ashworth, and Zamir Libohova. "Identification and Delineation of Broad-Base Agricultural Terraces in Flat Landscapes in Northeastern Oklahoma, USA." Land 12, no. 2 (2023): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020486.

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Broad-base agricultural terraces can be difficult to delineate in flat landscapes, particularly when covered by crops, due to subtle changes in elevation over relatively wide distances. In northeastern Oklahoma, these terraces are usually less than half a meter high and 15 to 20 m wide. The objective of this research was to develop and test a technique for identifying and classifying terraces using computer vision applied to terrain derivatives calculated from digital elevation models at five sites. We tested 38 terrain-derivative grid combinations or sets that represented 19 terrain character

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Pan, Yun, Dong Zheng, Yijun Zhang, et al. "Significant Location Accuracy Changes Resulting from Lightning Detection Networks Deployed on Inclined Terrains." Remote Sensing 15, no. 24 (2023): 5733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15245733.

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This study investigates the location accuracy distribution of the lightning detection networks (LDNs) deployed on inclined terrains, an aspect frequently encountered in complex terrains but hitherto disregarded in previous studies. By designing eight substation LDNs deployed on slope-type (ST), mountain-type (MT) and basin-type (BT) terrains, respectively, we employed Monte Carlo simulations to analyze their spatial location accuracy distribution based on time-of-arrival technology. Significant differences among the LDNs on inclined terrains and between them and the LDN on plain-type (PT) terr

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