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Academic literature on the topic 'Terres rares – Madagascar (île)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Terres rares – Madagascar (île)"
L’Hôte, Philippe. "Madagascar et la Francophonie : Un pas de deux mouvementé." Revue Internationale des Francophonies, no. 6 (December 12, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35562/rif.956.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Terres rares – Madagascar (île)"
Estrade, Guillaume. "Le complexe cénozoïque alcalin d'Ambohimirahavavy à Madagascar : origine, évolution et minéralisations en métaux rares." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2583/.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the Oligo-Miocene Ambohimirahavavy alkaline complex, in Northwestern Madagascar. Its objective is to investigate the formation of this complex, in particular, to understand the formation of the associated rare-metal mineralization (Zr, Nb, Ta, Th, U and the rare earth elements). It will be shown that the complex formed through magmatic differentiation of mantle-derived magmas that, upon ascent, evolved to SiO2 undersaturated and SiO2 oversaturated varieties by crustal contamination. Finally, a strongly peralkaline composition evolved from the most differentiated magma, at oxygen fugacity conditions opposite from those recorded for the less differentiated units. The rare-metal mineralization is mainly associated with the oversaturated rocks, i. E. , the peralkaline granites and pegmatite dykes. Two main types of mineralization could be identified, one, miaskitic, characterized by several generations of zircon, and one, agpaitic, consisting mainly of eudialyte. Both types of mineralization formed from a combination of magmatic and hydrothermal processes. An early enrichment stage took place by primary magmatic processes, mainly due to extreme differentiation which led to the formation of volatile-rich peralkaline granitic melts. The rare metals deposited during this stage were remobilized and redistributed during hydrothermal alteration caused by orthomagmatic fluids. These exsolved during the final stages of crystallization, caused extensive pseudomorphism of primary rare-metals bearing minerals and redistributed the rare metals within the intrusives as well as in the host rock, mostly in the form of skarn-like mineralization, which partly involved also meteoric fluids. U-Pb dating of secondary zircons shows ages 3 Ma younger than those obtained by the same method on the syenites, confirming the hydrothermal origin of the zircons. This study highlights the complex processes involved in the formation of peralkaline granites and pegmatites and the diversity of mineralization types associated with these rocks. The proposed model can be used as an exploration tool and can help determining potential drilling targets in the undersaturated units of the complex
Andriamampihantona, Manantsoa Jacques. "Contribution à l'étude du complexe alcalin d'ambatofinandrahana et de ses minéralisations à lanthanides (région centrale de Madagascar)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759335.
Full textRabarijaona, Léon Paul. "Epidémie de paludisme sur les Hautes Terres Centrales de Madagascar." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21092.
Full textOn the Central Highlands of Madagascar, malaria is unstable and due in majority to Plasmodium falciparum. The main vector responsible for transmission and malaria epidemic is Anopheles funestus. We report herein the results of our studies, that are particularly oriented on the vector control programme and the surveillance system. First we report the results of microepidemiology aproach for studying malaria infection in Saharevo. Then, we have studied the ability of a statistical method for an intervention epidemiology : Lot Quality Assurance Sampling method to rapidly classify zones according to predefined parasite prevalence thresholds. This method is an usefull tool for improving the speed and quality of confirmation enquiries. Dipstick tests are usefull for ameliorate the specificity of the system and therefore the reaction. We concluded with a proposal for new strategies for detecting and warning malaria epidemics in the Central Highlands, following Roll Back Malaria program
Dussarrat, Béatrice. "Structure et fonctionnement des aquifères de socle altéré en zone tropicale d'altitude : cas du Bassin de Mahitsy (Hautes Terres de Madagascar)." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20081.
Full textFortmann-Ravoniarilala, Marie. "Approche éco-géographique de l'environnement de la transmission de la schistosomose intestinale de l'Homme au sud des Hautes Terres de Madagascar." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_fortmann_m.pdf.
Full textThe intestinal schistosomiasis is hyperendemic in the south of the Malagasy Highlands (District of Ihosy). Our geographical contribution to transdiciplinary researches on this water-transmitted parasitosis relates to three basins in which the hydro-climatic factors (precipitations and floods, temperatures) affect during the rain season the intermediate mollusc host Biomphalaria pfeifferi, without causing extinction (refuge-pools upstream hydrographic networks). The surveys among the villagers show the diversity of the activities linked to water, directly (swimming, washing clothes) or not (wood collecting, cattle guarding), frequently practised in contact with water collections at major risk (rivers, dams and channels), which gives to the transmission an intense and diffuse character in space and according to the season, resulting in a high level of infestation in the populations. The results allow proposals for an improvement of control
Rakotonarivo, Andonirina. "Migrations, lien social et développement dans les hautes terres de Madagascar." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H098.
Full textRural areas in central highlands of Madagascar, where economy is based on rice-growing, suffer from deep poverty. The saturation of arable lands, in conjunction with a high demographic pressure, leads to reduction of farming units' size, and those units reach the edge of their viability. The need for an extra-local work is a solution initiated to address these constraints. In rural villages of Ampitatafika and Sandrandahy, two migration profiles are observed. In Ampitatafika, migration mainly takes place in early ages, the migration project remains individual and returns often occur for wedding and resuming of small-scale agricultural activities. In Sandrandahy, leavings stay significant in all age groups of population and a strong community mobilization is noticed to facilitate settling and professional integration of migrant, through wide structured migrant networks. On the first site, in spite of low amounts of remittances, an enhancement in households' living and producing conditions is observed. In Sandrandahy, the effects of remittances are limited, in spite of high remitted amounts. Community involvement in migration process, migrants' remittances behaviour, and the use of remittances by families, which all determine migration outcomes, are different for the sites. They result from a set of duties linked to only one aim, the preservation of local social tie, which is a fundamental value for these communities, but which are implemented in two different ways on each site
Razafindraibe, Roland. "La dynamique séculaire de la sécurisation foncière des forêts complantées sur les hautes terres malgaches (1896-1996)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010668.
Full textTanety spaces (Hills) were affected at the 19th century by the use of a new species of trees following colonial administrative directives. The peasants were quickly initiated into this practice. Contradictions manifested themselves between perennial social form and the obligation to extract a capitalist rent and exploit resource. Surveys conducted have permitted one to determine the production in this new forestry space in an historical, social and communal context. The failure of the juridical framework imposed by colonization created at the level of peasant communities multiple responses seeking reassurance. The recognized principles of securing inherited resources merit special attention in order to pinpoint the requirements of a mixed system of forestry management
Andriamihamina, Mparany. "Le bassin versant de la Mambakely dans le nord de l'Imerina (Hautes terres de Madagascar) : étude géomorphologique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20021.
Full textTisseau, Violaine. "Le pain et le riz : métis et métissage, entre "Européens" et Malgaches, dans les Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar aux 19e et 20e siècles." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070063.
Full textThe purpose of our work is to show how metis in the Central Highlands of Madagascar were able to reclassify relatively easily thanks to a sociality partly free from the control of colonial authorities and to Merina society organization. In the first part, we show how miscegenation emerges as a source of concern for the colonial authorities. Merina society, considered a closed one, bas built itself in connection with foreigners. Métis only become a threat - although more fantasized than real - after identities crystallize at the dawn of official colonization and after the foundations of the colony are set up. In a second part, we explain how the various actors of the colonization try to contain the "question des metis". First they regard it as a social problem that needs to be addressed by taking care of the metis, then as a legal problem which leads to establish the "metis" category as a legal one. Parents of metis and metis evolve in a colonial space that is strongly structured by these two actions, but they take advantage of it by developing strategies to acquire French citizenship. Finally, while the authorities see the metis group as homogeneous, we show that this view is partly wrong by studying their matrimonial strategies, living standards and lifestyles. The way they live day-to-day is indeed representative of their reclassifying into one or another of the existing communities, and their mobilizing of their various identities depending upon the situations
Rakoto-Ramiarantsoa, Hervé. "La dynamique des paysages sur les hautes terres centrales malgaches et leur bordure orientale." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100070.
Full textThree research-fields have been chosen in Imerina, according to climatic nuances and to the occupancy seniority, this latter bearing different social situations. A comparative analysis regards the landscapes as marks of the peasant societies' action and seeks for its differentiation elements. The thesis includes three parts. The first one describes the environment under two angles : a scientific, objective analysis presents the land surveying, within the tropical middle mountain and specifies the east-west climatic and biogeographic variations; a subjective analysis based on peasants' perception shows a significant sensitivity of the merina to mineral element and to water and the important place of the vegetation in spite of its degradation. The second part considers the geographic space through three themes as follows: - its occupation which establishes the role of history in the genesis of the regions;- its development by techniques known by all but which are mobilized differently according to the priorities. Thus, the example of the protection of the slopes against erosion shows that the landscapes' dynamics is first of all a social dynamics; - some of the landscapes characteristics, mainly their "merinite" and their paradoxes. The evolution of these two aspects marks the dynamic state of these spaces. The last part insists on the mutations of these rural districts as a result of a strong demographic growth without an equivalent emigration. The societies' ability to find solutions to satisfy their needs is analysed as well as the factors which stress local peculiarities ; considerations about the actions to be undertaken in the interest of the rural peopleemphasize the necessity of a territorial adminisration. .