Relevant bibliographies by topics / Terrestial worm

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Terrestial worm'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Terrestial worm"

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Shin, Dong-Chul, Jae-Kil Kim, and Jae-Min Ahn. "Channel estimation scheme of terrestrial DTV transmission employing unique-word based SC-FDE." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 16, no. 2 (March 30, 2011): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jeb.2011.16.2.207.

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Martinsson, Svante, and Christer Erséus. "Cryptic diversity in the well-studied terrestrial worm Cognettia sphagnetorum (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)." Pedobiologia 57, no. 1 (January 2014): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.09.006.

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Ogawa, Shigeru, Mamoru Mizuno, Mayuko Suzuki, Kohtaro Goto, Yuriko Hirose, Akio Matsuda, Takuya Saito, Suguru Oguri, and Kiyoshi Furukawa. "Isolation of a methylated mannose-binding protein from terrestrial worm Enchytraeus japonensis." Glycoconjugate Journal 34, no. 5 (June 2, 2017): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10719-017-9778-3.

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de Boer, Tjalf E., Dick Roelofs, Riet Vooijs, Martin Holmstrup, and Mónica J. B. Amorim. "Population-specific transcriptional differences associated with freeze tolerance in a terrestrial worm." Ecology and Evolution 8, no. 7 (March 11, 2018): 3774–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3602.

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Butcher, Andrew R. "Children, snails and worms: the Brachylaima cribbi story." Microbiology Australia 37, no. 1 (2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma16012.

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Brachylaimids are parasitic trematode fluke worms that have a terrestrial life cycle involving land snails and slugs as the first and/or second intermediate hosts for the cercarial and metacercarial larval stages. A wide range of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are the definitive hosts for the adult worm. Brachylaima spp. have been reported from most continents including Europe, Africa, Asia, North and South America and Australia. There are over 70 described species in the genus with seven species indigenous to Australia. Although Brachylaima spp. are a cosmopolitan terrestrial trematode they have not been recorded to infect humans other than the three Brachylaima cribbi infections reported in two children and an adult from South Australia.
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Chiu, Ming-Chung, Chin-Gi Huang, Wen-Jer Wu, Zhao-Hui Lin, Hsuan-Wien Chen, and Shiuh-Feng Shiao. "A new millipede-parasitizing horsehair worm, Gordius chiashanus sp. nov., at medium altitudes in Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida)." ZooKeys 941 (June 16, 2020): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49100.

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Gordius chiashanussp. nov., a newly described horsehair worm that parasitizes the Spirobolus millipede, is one of the three described horsehair worm species in Taiwan. It is morphologically similar to G. helveticus Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2010 because of the progressively broadening distribution of bristles concentrated on the male tail lobes, but it is distinguishable from G. helveticus because of the stout bristles on the mid-body. In addition, a vertical white stripe on the anterior ventral side and areoles on the inside wall of the cloacal opening are rarely mentioned in other Gordius species. Free-living adults emerged and mated on wet soil under the forest canopy in the winter (late November to early February) at medium altitudes (1100–1700 m). Mucus-like structure covering on the body surface, which creates a rainbow-like reflection, might endow the worm with high tolerance to dehydration. Although Gordius chiashanussp. nov. seems to be more adaptive to the terrestrial environment than other horsehair worm species, cysts putatively identified as belonging to this hairworm species found in the aquatic paratenic host, Ephemera orientalis McLachlan, 1875, suggest the life cycle of Gordius chiashanussp. nov. could involve water and land. The free-living adults emerged from the definitive hosts might reproduce in the terrestrial environment or enter an aquatic habitat by moving or being washed away by heavy rain instead of manipulating the behavior of their terrestrial definitive hosts.
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Stites, David L. "Population and Production Dynamics of an Enchytraeid Worm in a Subtropical Blackwater River." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-176.

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Population and production dynamics of Barbidrilus paucisetus Loden and Locy (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) in a sixth-order blackwater river are described. This worm was the dominant member of the meiofauna of the sand habitat, accounting for 50–90% of the total density. Population density varied seasonally, increasing from < 20 000/m2 in the winter to 60–120 000/m2 in the summer. Biomass averaged 145 mg dry mass/m2 with a range of 8–326 mg/m2. Density peaked in the clean coarse sand of the center channel areas and was lower where the sand was finer and where more organic matter was present. Size frequency histograms indicated that there were three recruitment peaks during the sampling year, with mature and new individuals present in all seasons. Annual production (2.12 g dry mass/m2, SE = 0.15 g/m2), was estimated using the size frequency method and a cohort production interval correction of 3. Annual production was low compared with that of terrestrial Enchytraeidae and comparable with that of many aquatic insect species. Annual production/biomass ratio (14.3) was higher than terrestrial Enchytraeidae, due to the comparatively short generation time of this species.
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Lahive, Elma, Alexander Walton, Alice A. Horton, David J. Spurgeon, and Claus Svendsen. "Microplastic particles reduce reproduction in the terrestrial worm Enchytraeus crypticus in a soil exposure." Environmental Pollution 255 (December 2019): 113174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113174.

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Cherrington, Jim, and Jack Black. "Mountain Bike Trail Building, “Dirty” Work, and a New Terrestrial Politics." World Futures 76, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2019.1698234.

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Forbes, Stephen A. "An American Terrestrial Leech." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 3, no. 1-15 (June 11, 2019): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v3.190.

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Our common land leech was first obtained by me in April, 1876, at Normal, McLean County, Illinois, where it was dug up in a house garden, about a dozen rods from the nearest rivulet. An example sent the following year to Prof. A. E. Verrill, with some remarks on its superficial characters, was by him identified provisionally and with some hesitation as his Semiscolex grandis, originally described* from three aquatic individuals obtained from Lake Huron, Lake Superior, and West River, Connecticut. I have now, however, fifty-six specimens of this leech, all from the earth in Central Illinois, some of them half a mile or more from water, and representing collections made at different times from April, 1876, to June, 1890 ; while, on the other hand, it has not once occurred in the course of a large amount of aquatic work done in the same regions during these fifteen years. It has, moreover, constant characters which clearly distinguish it from Semiscolex qrandis as far as one may judge by a comparison with Verrill's description, and I do not doubt that it is distinct.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Terrestial worm"

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Manley, Elizabeth. "Apneic Bradycardia : terrestrial and aquatic responses in man under working conditions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001838.

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The focus of this research was the reappraisal in physiological and psychophysical terms of current equivocal theories regarding the onset, course and termination of apneic bradycardia. Sixteen healthy male subjects participated in four separate testing sessions . Maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂ max) was measured on land and underwater using an identical direct, continuous progressive cycle ergometer test. On each of two other occasions subjects exercised in either environment at 50, 70 and 90% of the appropriate VO₂ max, during which time heart rate was continuously recorded. An initial apneic bout at each exercise intensity was followed by performance of the same workload without apnea for an equivalent period of time. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were also monitored. While apneic bradycardia occurred at each exercise intensity studied underwater, it was apparent only at 50% VO₂ max on land. With the exception of between 50 and 90% VO₂ max on land, the mean apneic heart rates did not differ with varying exercise intensity (p<0.05); nor did the lowest heart rate recorded, although this was lower underwater than on land. Apart from 70% VO₂ max on land, apneic heart rates were lower than the equivalent values measured during exercise without apnea. Land and underwater heart rates during apneic and non-apneic conditions did not differ until 90% VO₂ max. The effects of increasing exercise intensity upon the onset of bradycardia were evident in that it occurred earlier at 50% VO₂ max underwater than at the heavier workloads, and only at 50% VO₂ max on land. The mean breath-hold duration did not differ between the land and underwater environments, nor was it affected by increasing exercise intensity. The order in which breath-holds was performed did not alter the length of apnea. Land and underwater RPE did not differ and increased with increasing exercise intensity in both environments. During apneic exercise RPE was greater than the equivalent exercise without apnea. Twelve of the original 16 subjects were divided equally into two groups on the basis of vital capacity expressed relative to body surface area. Vital capacity was measured during the first laboratory session. Neither the mean heart rate response to apneic exercise at 50% V0₂ max in both environments, nor the lowest heart rates recorded differed between groups, prompting the conclusion that lung volume did not affect apneic bradycardia. Despite a longer breath-hold duration for Group A (large relative lung volume) than Group B (small relative lung volume), the onset point of bradycardia was the same for either group when expressed relative to total breath-hold duration
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Guillon, Hervé. "Origine et transport des sédiments dans un bassin versant alpin englacé (Glacier des Bossons, France) : une quantification couplant mesures hydro-sédimentaires haute-résolution, suivi radio-fréquence de galets, teneur en nucléides cosmogéniques et méthodes probabilistes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU010/document.

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Agents érosifs parmi les plus efficaces, les glaciers réagissent dynamiquement aux variations climatiques et entraînent à l’aval des modifications importantes des flux de sédiments. Dans les Alpes, et dans le cadre du réchauffement climatique actuel, se pose la question de l’évolution de la charge sédimentaire provenant de bassins versants partiellement englacés. L’export détritique issu d’un tel environnement résulte de processus d’érosion affectant plusieurs domaines géomorphologiques : les parois supra glaciaires, le substratum couvert de glace et la zone pro glaciaire à l’aval du glacier. Aussi, l’intention de ce travail de recherche doctorale est de caractériser l’origine et le transport des sédiments dans les bassins versants de deux torrents issus du glacier des Bossons (massif du Mont-Blanc, France).Dans ce but, les composantes du flux de sédiment issu des domaines supra glaciaire, sous-glaciaire et proglaciaire sont séparées et quantifiées à partir de méthodes innovantes :i. L’utilisation de la concentration en nucléides cosmogéniques comme marqueur du trans-port à la surface du glacier ;ii. L’analyse combinée de données météorologiques et de mesures hydro-sédimentaire à haute résolution temporelle (2 min) complétées par des modèles linéaires multivariés ;iii. La mise en oeuvre d’une méthode probabiliste adjointe à une application à l’échelle pluri-annuelle de l’estimation des flux sédimentaires par source ;iv. Le traçage radio-fréquence de particules grossières dans la zone pro glaciaire associé à une analyse dans le cadre d’un modèle de transport stochastique.A travers des outils numériques, l’application des méthodologies présentées apporte une estimation des taux d’érosion des domaines supra glaciaire, sous-glaciaire et pro glaciaire, et contraint le transfert des sédiments dans le bassin versant.Ainsi, dans la partie terminale du glacier, 52±14 à 9±4% de la charge supra glaciaire est transférée vers le réseau de drainage sous-glaciaire. Par ailleurs, l’évolution de ce dernier au cours de la saison de fonte entraîne sur une courte période l’export de la production sédimentaire hivernale. De plus, la configuration du drainage sous le glacier et sa dynamique de retrait contrôlent la remobilisation d’un stock sédimentaire sous-glaciaire plus ancien. Ces processus expliquent le contraste entre les taux moyens d’érosion sous-glaciaire des deux torrents instrumentés, respectivement 0.63 ± 0.37 et 0.38 ± 0.22 mm/an . Ces valeurs sont inférieures à la création topographique tectonique, ∼1.5 mm/an , et du même ordre de grandeur que le taux moyen d’érosion des parois surplombants le glacier, évalué à 0.76 ± 0.34 mm/an.A l’aval du glacier, les versants ne sont pas efficacement connectés au torrent proglaciaire et le glacier reste la source principale de l’export sédimentaire. Ainsi, en l’absence d’événements extrêmes, l’apport du domaine pro glaciaire correspond à 13 ± 10% de l’export sédimentaire total du bassin versant. Par ailleurs, la zone proglaciaire agit comme un tampon sédimentaire fonctionnant d’une échelle quotidienne à annuelle pour les silts et les sables, et à une échelle décennale pour les particules plus grossières. Au total, malgré un retrait glaciaire récent et rapide, le bassin versant du glacier des Bossons présente actuellement une dynamique paraglaciaire limitée dont l’intensité correspond à un taux moyen d’érosion proglaciaire de 0.25±0.20 mm/an. Enfin, sur l’ensemble du bassin versant, la dynamique sédimentaire est multi-fréquentielle et amortie par des stockages intermédiaires
Among the most efficient agents of erosion, glaciers react dynamically to climate change, leading to a significant adjustment of downstream sediment flux. Present-day global warming raises the question regarding the evolution of the sediment load originating from partially glaciated catchment. The detrital export from such environment results from erosion processes operating within distinct geomorphological domains : supraglacial rockwalls, ice-covered substratum and the proglacial area, downstream from the glacier. The general intent of this doctoral research is therefore to characterize the origin and transport of sediments in the watersheds of two streams draining Bossons glacier (Mont-Blanc massif, France).For this purpose, the components of the sediment flux coming from supraglacial, subglacial and proglacial domains are separated and quantified by innovating methods:i. Using the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides concentrations as evidence of a supraglacialtransport;ii. Combining meteorological data and hydro-sedimentary data acquired at a high timeresolution (2 min) and completed by multi-linear models;iii. Estimating sediment flux by source for 7 years and with a probabilistic method;iv. Associating radio-frequency identification of pebbles in the proglacial area with a stochas-tic transport analysis.Through numerical tools, applying the presented methodologies provides erosion rates of thesupraglacial, subglacial and proglacial domains, and determines the sediment transfer mecha-nisms within the catchment.Thus in the terminal part of the glacier, 52±14 to 9±4% of the supraglacial load is transferred to the subglacial drainage network. Moreover, its evolution throughout the melt season leads to the export of the winter sediment production during a limited period. Furthermore, the drainage configuration beneath the glacier and its retreat control the remobilization of a long-term sediment stock. These processes explain the contrast between the mean subglacial erosion rates of the two monitored streams, 0.63 ± 0.37 et 0.38 ± 0.22 mm/yr, respectively. This values are lower than the tectonic uplift, ∼1.5 mm/an, and of the same order of magnitude than the mean erosion rate of supraglacial rockwalls, evaluated at 0.76 ± 0.34 mm/an.Downstream from the glacier, hillslopes are not efficiently connected to the proglacial stream and the glacier is the main source of the sediment export. Hence, without extreme events, the input from proglacial domain corresponds to 13 ± 10% of the total sediment export from the catchment. Besides, the proglacial area acts as a buffer functioning from the daily to the year scales for fine particles, and at a decennial scale for coarser particles. In total, despite the rapid recent retreat of the glacier, the Bossons catchment exhibits a limited paraglacialdynamic whose intensity corresponds to a mean proglacial erosion rate of 0.25±0.20 mm/an. Finally, at the catchment scale, the sediment dynamic is multi-frequential and buffered by storage and release mechanisms
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(9875498), PS Aceret. "Culture strategies for redclaw, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Parastacidae) and silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838) (Perciformes: Teraponidae) : natural foods and artificial shelters." Thesis, 1997. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Culture_strategies_for_redclaw_Cherax_quadricarinatus_von_Martens_1868_Decapoda_Parastacidae_and_silver_perch_Bidyanus_bidyanus_Mitchell_1838_Perciformes_Teraponidae_natural_foods_and_artificial_shelters/13425929.

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The demand for fish meal in aquaculture is an expensive part of aquaculture operations and this has generated interest in alternate food sources and use of natural live food. Use of traditional live food such as microalgae and zooplankton in aquaculture is reviewed. The current taxonomy of the redclaw Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868), silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838), and the oligochaetes; Aulophorus sp. (Schmarda, 1861), Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard, 1892), Tubifex tubifex (Muller, 1774) and the terrestial worm Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny, 1826) was elucidated. Culture requirements for worm species and the nutritional and culture requirements for the aquaculture target species were determined as follows: The best substrate for mass production of Aulophorus was 100% cowdung, at a water temperature of 15°C. There was a significant correlation between oxygen concentration and reproduction in Aulophorus sp. with production levels of 3194.5 mg of T. tubifex per cm2 reached within 60 days and 4242.5 mg per cm2 of B. sowerbyi. Both were cultured in a mixture of 75% cowdung, 20% fine sand and 5% mud. An alternate substrate/food (ground peanut/shell, wheat pollard, rolled oats and lucerne pellets) was utilised for the mass propagation of T. tubifex and B. sowerbyi. Production of 2352 mg T. tubifex per cm2 and 2339.34 mg per cm2 of B. sowerbyi was obtained after 60 days. The population density was significantly influenced by substrate type, with highest population densities in the cowdung based substrate. Experimental culture of the terrestial worm D. rubidus was also carried out. Percentage increase in number and mean weight increase of the inoculated worms after a month was 532.2% and 0.50 g and an average of 2797 juveniles weighing 839.1 g was collected from each culture container after four weeks. Trials of oligochaete species as food for C. quadricarinatus juveniles, were conducted, single species and combinations of worm species being used. The nutritive values of T. tubifex and B. sowerbyi, for redclaw stocks from the Gregory, Mitchell, Gilbert, Flinders and Leichhardt river systems of North Queensland were compared with a commercial pellet (Aquafeed) as a reference diet and a lucerne pellet. The nutritive values of Aulophorus sp. and Dendrodrilus rubidus were compared with Aquafeed. Digestibility experiments were performed using Aulophorus sp. and B. sowerbyi.
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Books on the topic "Terrestial worm"

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McGavin, George. Insects: And other terrestrial arthropods. 2nd ed. London: Expedition Advisory Centre, 1997.

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Harvey, Mark S. Worms to wasps: An illustrated guide to Australia's terrestrial invertebrates. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Society, Holistic Intuition, ed. Earth radiation: The startling discoveries of harmful effects on health : results of research on more than 11,000 people in over 3,000 apartments, houses, and work places in 14 countries : the recognition and correction of geopathic disturbances of sleep, health, and school performance. 2nd ed. Galiano Island, B.C: Holistic Intuition Scoiety, 2007.

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Yen, Alan L., and Mark S. Harvey. Worms to Wasps: An Illustrated Guide to Australia's Terrestrial Invertebrates. Oxford University Press, USA, 1990.

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Biewener, Andrew A., and Shelia N. Patek, eds. Movement on Land. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743156.003.0004.

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Animals must support their weight when moving over land, while also accommodating changes in terrain and substrate conditions. Most terrestrial animals accomplish this by using limbs to exert forces on the ground. Some groups have lost their limbs (snakes) or never evolved them in the first place (worms), relying instead on contractions of body muscles to transmit force between their body axis and the ground. Undulatory modes of terrestrial locomotion are frequently associated with a burrowing existence. In other animals, some combination of body undulation and limb propulsion moves the body forward. In this chapter we focus on the mechanisms and strategies for legged locomotion on land. Recent studies have examined how animals maneuver and accelerate, and how they stabilize body movements when running. A large body of work on terrestrial locomotion has also yielded inspiration for a new generation of legged robots that can move nimbly over irregular terrain than previous robot designs.
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Milliere, Kathleen. Evolutionary Metaphysics in a Post-Terrestrial Word : a UFO-Friendly Proposal: New, Updated Edition. Independently Published, 2019.

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Eland, John, and Raimund Feifel. Double Photoionisation Spectra of Molecules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788980.001.0001.

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This book contains spectra of the doubly charged positive ions (dications) of some 75 molecules, including the major constituents of terrestrial and planetary atmospheres and prototypes of major chemical groups. It is intended to be a new resource for research in all areas of molecular spectroscopy involving high energy environments, both terrestrial and extra-terrestrial. All the spectra have been produced by photoionisation using laboratory lamps or synchrotron radiation and have been measured using the magnetic bottle time-of-flight technique by coincidence detection of correlated electron pairs. Full references to published work on the same species are given, though for several molecules these are the first published spectra. Double ionisation energies are listed and discussed in relation to the molecular electronic structure of the molecules. A full introduction to the field of molecular double ionisation is included and the mechanisms by which double photoionisation can occur are examined in detail. A preliminary chapter covers double photoionisation of an atom in order to explain the basic principles of the technique, then five chapters present spectra of molecules of increasing size. A seventh chapter on the new fields of core–core and core–valence double ionisations, with selected examples, completes the main body of the book. Appendices explain the detailed mechanisms of double photoionisation, the calibration of the electron spectrometers, and give a brief summary of the methods by which double ionisation energies are calculated theoretically.
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Corlett, Richard T. The Ecology of Tropical East Asia. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817017.001.0001.

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Tropical East Asia is home to over 1 billion people and faces massive human impacts from its rising population and rapid economic growth. It has already lost more than half of its forest cover and has the highest rates of deforestation and logging in the tropics. Hunting and the trade in wildlife products threaten all its large and many smaller vertebrates. Despite these problems, the region still supports an estimated 15–25 per cent of global terrestrial biodiversity and is thus a key focus for global conservation. This book therefore deals with plants, animals, and the ecosystems they inhabit, as well as the diverse threats to their survival and the options for their conservation. It provides the background knowledge of the region’s ecology needed by both specialists and non-specialists to put their own work into a broader context. The first edition was the first book to describe the terrestrial ecology of the entire East Asian tropics and subtropics, from southern China to western Indonesia, and the second edition extended the coverage to include the very similar ecosystems of Northeast India, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. The third edition updates the contents and gives more prominence to Anthropocene impacts and possible conservation responses. The accessible style, comprehensive coverage, and engaging illustrations make this advanced textbook an essential read for senior undergraduate and graduate-level students studying the terrestrial ecology of the East Asian tropics, as well as an authoritative reference for professional ecologists, conservationists, and interested amateurs worldwide.
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Money, Nicholas P. 2. How microbes operate. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681686.003.0002.

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‘How microbes operate’ considers the mechanisms that sustain prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. All active cells must be supplied with water and an energy source. Absorption of water is essential, even in extremely dry or salty habitats, because the enzymes that catalyse biochemical reactions in cells do not work unless they are hydrated. Sunlight powers the metabolism of photosynthetic microbes and others glean chemical energy from a plenitude of terrestrial sources. Extremes in temperature, acidity, and other environmental variables place additional constraints upon microbial life, but bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms thrive in most places where liquid water is available.
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Jackson, Stephen, and Colin Groves. Taxonomy of Australian Mammals. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486300136.

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Taxonomy of Australian Mammals utilises the latest morphometric and genetic research to develop the most up to date and comprehensive revision of the taxonomy of Australian mammals undertaken to date. It proposes significant changes to the higher ranks of a number of groups and recognises several genera and species that have only very recently been identified as distinct. This easy to use reference also includes a complete listing of all species, subspecies and synonyms for all of Australia’s mammals, both native and introduced as well as terrestrial and marine. This book lays a foundation for future taxonomic work and identifies areas where taxonomic studies should be targeted, not only at the species and subspecies level but also broader phylogenetic relationships. This work will be an essential reference for students, scientists, wildlife managers and those interested in the science of taxonomy.
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Book chapters on the topic "Terrestial worm"

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Zimmermann, Klaus, Igor Zeidis, and Carsten Behn. "Worm-like Locomotion Systems – Crawling." In Mechanics of Terrestrial Locomotion, 161–246. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88841-3_6.

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Zimmermann, Klaus, Igor Zeidis, and Carsten Behn. "Prototypes of Worm-Like Locomotion Systems." In Mechanics of Terrestrial Locomotion, 265–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88841-3_8.

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Zimmermann, Klaus, Igor Zeidis, and Carsten Behn. "Adaptive Control Approach to Worm-like Locomotion Systems." In Mechanics of Terrestrial Locomotion, 247–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88841-3_7.

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Cavagna, Giovanni. "Work, Efficiency and Elastic Recovery." In Physiological Aspects of Legged Terrestrial Locomotion, 223–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49980-2_10.

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Cavagna, Giovanni. "External, Internal and Total Mechanical Work Done During Locomotion." In Physiological Aspects of Legged Terrestrial Locomotion, 129–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49980-2_6.

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Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Mariana P. Marques, Rayna C. Bell, and Aaron M. Bauer. "The Terrestrial Reptiles of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 505–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_19.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews current knowledge on the diversity of terrestrial reptiles in the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands and provides a brief history of research on this group of animals. A total of 29 species of terrestrial reptiles (representing 14 genera and seven families) are resident on the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, of which 22 species are endemic. Taxonomic work on these animals began in the second half of the nineteenth century, with more recent updates following the advent of molecular techniques and more comprehensive sampling. Although nearly complete, the taxonomic inventory of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic island terrestrial reptiles is still ongoing, and further studies on the natural history, ecology, and conservation of these animals are urgently needed.
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Collin, Antoine, Stanislas Dubois, Camille Ramambason, and Samuel Etienne. "Very high-resolution mapping of emerging biogenic reefs using airborne optical imagery and neural network: the honeycomb worm (Sabellaria alveolata) case study." In Fine Resolution Remote Sensing of Species in Terrestrial and Coastal Ecosystems, 64–79. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003191193-4.

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Walker, Therez B., and Natalya Lawrence. "Advocacy for protected areas in the Caribbean: a collaborated approach to ecotourism in Antigua and Barbuda." In Tourism transformations in protected area gateway communities, 52–65. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249033.0005.

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Abstract The Caribbean is unique for its diverse marine and terrestrial environment that provides shoreline protection, food security and livelihoods, as well as facilitating tourism and other economic activities, for its residents and visitors alike. The role of Protected Areas (PAs) for conservation has been realized, and consideration must be given to the intricate linkages between social, economic and biological systems on small islands. The North East Marine Management Area (NEMMA) plays a significant role in the island of Antigua and Barbuda, for its importance to biodiversity conservation, as it connects many marine PAs in one continuous zone over the commercially important east coast of the island. This chapter highlights the advocacy work of those in gateway communities, and the importance of stakeholder collaboration in developing ecotourism. Practical implications emerge, as this case provides a framework for governance to collaborate for a more inclusive form of sustainable ecotourism in PAs.
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Kakkar, Harjasnoor, Berta Martínez-Bachs, and Albert Rimola. "An Ab Initio Computational Study of Binding Energies of Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules on Crystalline Water Ice Surface Models." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2022 Workshops, 281–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10562-3_21.

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AbstractThe interstellar medium is extremely heterogeneous in terms of physical environments and chemical composition. Spectroscopic observations in the recent decades have revealed the presence of gaseous material and dust grains covered in ices predominantly of water in interstellar clouds, the interplay of which may elucidate the existence of more than 250 molecular species. Of these species of varied complexity, several terrestrial carbon-containing compounds have been discovered, known as interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) in the astrochemical argot. In order to investigate the formation of iCOMs, it is crucial to explore gas-grain chemistry and in this regard, one of the fundamental parameters is the binding energy (BE), which is an essential input in astrochemical models. In this work, the BEs of 13 iCOMs on a crystalline H2O-ice surface have been computed by means of quantum chemical periodic calculations. The hybrid B3LYP-D3 DFT method was used for the geometry optimizations of the adsorbate/ice systems and for computing the BEs. Furthermore, to refine the BE values, an ONIOM2-like approximation has been employed to obtain them at CCSD(T), which correlate well with those obtained at B3LYP-D3. Additionally, aiming to lower the computational cost, structural optimizations were carried out using the HF-3c level of theory, followed by single point energy calculations at B3LYP-D3 in order to obtain BE values comparable to the full DFT treatment.
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"Terrestrial Broadcast/Cellular Network Integration." In Making Telecoms Work, 275–301. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119967149.ch15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Terrestial worm"

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Gražulis, Žymantas, Boleslovas Krikštaponis, Algirdas Neseckas, Darius Popovas, Raimundas Putrimas, Dominykas Šlikas, and Evelina Zigmantienė. "The Horizontal Deformation Analysis of High-rise Buildings." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.194.

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The horizontal deformation analysis of high-rise buildings, quite often is complicated because buildings like chimneys, towers and etc, have complex and asymmetric shapes, consequently there is not always the possibility to apply the method of single points motion analysis. Furthermore, the horizontal deformation analysis is complicated using standard measurement methods like measurements with electronic total stations or optical theodolites. In such case the terrestrial laser scanner could be superior to traditional measurements. However, the terrestrial laser scanner still not widely used to survey building horizontal deformations using high precision measurements. The main aim of this work is to determine the suitability to measure deflections of buildings from the vertical using terrestrial laser scanners and to investigate point cloud data processing. Measurements of horizontal deformation were carried out using the over ground laser scanner and electronic total station. Horizontal deformations of chimneys of thermal power plants were investigated using corresponding methods. Deformation indicators and evaluated measurement accuracies between different methods were compared. Data analysis of terrestrial laser scanning is more complex, time consuming and requires sophisticated hardware resources in comparison with the traditional methods, however results are much more detailed and informative.
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Wang, Xiawa, Walker Chan, Veronika Stelmakh, and Peter Fisher. "Radioisotope Thermophotovoltaic Generator Design and Performance Estimates for Terrestrial Applications." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66607.

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This work provides the design methods and performance estimates of the radioisotope thermophotovoltaic system (RTPV) for terrestrial applications. The modeling is based on an experimentally tested prototype using two-dimensional high temperature photonic crystal to realize spectral control. The design efforts focus on the optimization of the system efficiency and contain the heat source number, the size of the energy conversion elements, the insulation configuration, and the heat sink design. An equivalent circuit model was developed for the thermal and electrical performances. Based on a specific output requirement, an optimized heat source number and energy conversion area can be computed for a certain cell type and insulation design. The selection and characterization of the low bandgap thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells applicable to the generator are compared and discussed. The generator’s heat sink design uses extended fins and the performance is estimated based on the external operating conditions. Finally, the work provides a design example of a terrestrial RTPV generator with an output level of ∼40 W electrical power (We) using InGaAsSb cell, reaching an efficiency of 8.26%.
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Mueller, Robert P., Robert Moses, David Wilson, Peter Carrato, and Troy King. "Lunar Mega Project: Processes, Work Flow, and Terminology of the Terrestrial Construction Industry versus the Space Industry." In 17th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483374.109.

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Bosch, Rachel, Aaron Bird, Dylan J. Ward, Matthew D. Covington, Arthur N. Palmer, Margaret V. Palmer, and Rickard A. Olson. "RECONSTRUCTION OF A PALEO DEBRIS FLOW EVENT IN A LIMESTONE CAVE USING FIELD WORK, TERRESTRIAL LIDAR, AND CFD SIMULATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340310.

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Patel, Viral K., Franklin Robinson, Jamal Seyed-Yagoobi, and Jeffrey Didion. "Liquid Film Boiling Heat Transfer in the Presence and Absence of Gravity." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40352.

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Liquid film boiling is an effective method of heat removal from a flat surface and has many terrestrial applications. It is an attractive technique for microgravity thermal control but cannot be sustained in the absence of gravity, according to theoretical prediction. However, this has not been experimentally confirmed to date for various reasons such as difficulty of performing experiments in microgravity and the associated cost. This paper presents new terrestrial and microgravity experimental results of liquid film boiling in a radial heat transport device. The microgravity experiments were performed on board a variable gravity parabolic flight. The data were expected to show that absence of gravity results in very high heater surface temperatures and eventual dryout compared to results in the presence of gravity at a given heat flux. However, this only occurred during the transition phase from 1.8-g to 0-g in the parabolic maneuver and the heater temperatures remained normal during the 0-g phase. Despite this, the results still add valuable information to the overall understanding of the liquid-vapor phase-change process in the absence of gravity. They have also laid the foundation for further experimental work such as using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping to facilitate liquid film boiling in microgravity, which we have presented in another study.
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Galvão, Neryvaldo, Hélder S. Sousa, and José C. Matos. "Impact evaluation of human-made hazards on terrestrial transport infrastructure assets: modelling variables and failure modes." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1847.

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<p>This work provides an overview of human-made hazards impact on the malfunctioning of terrestrial transportation systems. The impacts evaluation is gathered in four major groups, specifically: human, economic, environmental and political/social impacts. For further characterization or forecast of human-made hazards impact in real case scenarios, a traditional risk assessment framework is proposed by assuming four main steps: i) hazard identification; ii) probability of occurrence; iii) asset vulnerability; iv) impacts. The present work was carried within the SAFEWAY project, which aims at improving the resilience of transport infrastructures, developing a holistic toolset with transversal application to anticipate and mitigate the effects of extreme events at all modes of disaster cycle.</p>
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Galvão, Neryvaldo, Hélder S. Sousa, and José C. Matos. "Impact evaluation of human-made hazards on terrestrial transport infrastructure assets: modelling variables and failure modes." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1847.

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<p>This work provides an overview of human-made hazards impact on the malfunctioning of terrestrial transportation systems. The impacts evaluation is gathered in four major groups, specifically: human, economic, environmental and political/social impacts. For further characterization or forecast of human-made hazards impact in real case scenarios, a traditional risk assessment framework is proposed by assuming four main steps: i) hazard identification; ii) probability of occurrence; iii) asset vulnerability; iv) impacts. The present work was carried within the SAFEWAY project, which aims at improving the resilience of transport infrastructures, developing a holistic toolset with transversal application to anticipate and mitigate the effects of extreme events at all modes of disaster cycle.</p>
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McCallum, Adrian B., Andy Barwise, and Roi S. Santos. "Is the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) Useful for Arctic Site Investigation?" In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23029.

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A warming Arctic provides increased opportunity for infrastructure development. Although the cone penetration test is used globally for site investigation in unfrozen soils, this discussion paper investigates the use of cone penetration testing to provide in situ data in frozen geomaterials. Historical and contemporary use of cone penetration testing in permafrost, snow, terrestrial ice and sea ice is reviewed, and work conducted across alpine, Arctic and Antarctic environs is considered. Although frozen geomaterials offer challenges to any in situ media assessment, with suitable equipment, cone penetration testing in frozen geomaterials typical of the Arctic is possible.
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Kalin, Josh, David Noever, Matthew Ciolino, and Gerry Dozier. "A Modified Drake Equation for Assessing Adversarial Risk to Machine Learning Models." In 2nd International Conference on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (SAIM 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111001.

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Machine learning models present a risk of adversarial attack when deployed in production. Quantifying the contributing factors and uncertainties using empirical measures could assist the industry with assessing the risk of downloading and deploying common model types. This work proposes modifying the traditional Drake Equation’s formalism to estimate the number of potentially successful adversarial attacks on a deployed model. The Drake Equation is famously used for parameterizing uncertainties and it has been used in many research fields outside of its original intentions to estimate the number of radio-capable extra-terrestrial civilizations. While previous work has outlined methods for discovering vulnerabilities in public model architectures, the proposed equation seeks to provide a semi-quantitative benchmark for evaluating and estimating the potential risk factors for adversarial attacks.
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Bagnoli, Paola, Adriano Zaffora, Bruno Cozzi, Roberto Fumero, and Maria Laura Costantino. "Experimental and Computational Biomechanical Characterization of the Dolphin Tracheo-Bronchial Tree During Diving." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19078.

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Marine mammals belonging to the Order of CetoArtiodactyla have developed their organs and adapted their anatomic structures to survive and better exploit the resources of the surrounding water environment. Though belonging to the Mammal Class and, hence, having a cardio-respiratory system based on the gas exchange with the atmosphere, they are able to perform long-lasting immersions and reach considerable depths during diving [1]. On the other hand, the anatomy of the tracheo-bronchial structures of the Family Delfinidae differs from that of terrestrial mammals in the lack of muscular tissue in the posterior region and the irregular shape of the cartilaginous rings (Fig.1a-b-c) [1, 2]. So far, the behavior of dolphin respiratory system during diving is not yet fully understood, since they cannot be subjected to invasive analysis being endangered and protected species. Namely, it remains to ascertain whether the tracheo-bronchial tree collapses during diving or is kept open by the peculiar material properties, the anatomical structure and the presence of entrapped air. Aim of this work is to model the dolphin Tursiops truncatus’s tracheo-bronchial tree to study its behavior during diving by coupling experimental in vitro mechanical characterization of airways tissues to finite element computational analyses. Furthermore, we performed a comparison between the mechanical behavior of tracheo-bronchial trees of dolphins and that of the goat, a terrestrial mammal whose conformation of the upper airways is similar to the human, to highlight discrepancies due to the different habitats.
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Reports on the topic "Terrestial worm"

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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less
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Wilson, D., Daniel Breton, Lauren Waldrop, Danney Glaser, Ross Alter, Carl Hart, Wesley Barnes, et al. Signal propagation modeling in complex, three-dimensional environments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40321.

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The Signal Physics Representation in Uncertain and Complex Environments (SPRUCE) work unit, part of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Army Terrestrial-Environmental Modeling and Intelligence System (ARTEMIS) work package, focused on the creation of a suite of three-dimensional (3D) signal and sensor performance modeling capabilities that realistically capture propagation physics in urban, mountainous, forested, and other complex terrain environments. This report describes many of the developed technical capabilities. Particular highlights are (1) creation of a Java environmental data abstraction layer for 3D representation of the atmosphere and inhomogeneous terrain that ingests data from many common weather forecast models and terrain data formats, (2) extensions to the Environmental Awareness for Sensor and Emitter Employment (EASEE) software to enable 3D signal propagation modeling, (3) modeling of transmitter and receiver directivity functions in 3D including rotations of the transmitter and receiver platforms, (4) an Extensible Markup Language/JavaScript Object Notation (XML/JSON) interface to facilitate deployment of web services, (5) signal feature definitions and other support for infrasound modeling and for radio-frequency (RF) modeling in the very high frequency (VHF), ultra-high frequency (UHF), and super-high frequency (SHF) frequency ranges, and (6) probabilistic calculations for line-of-sight in complex terrain and vegetation.
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Brodie, Katherine, Ian Conery, Nicholas Cohn, Nicholas Spore, and Margaret Palmsten. Spatial variability of coastal foredune evolution, part A : timescales of months to years. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41322.

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Coastal foredunes are topographically high features that can reduce vulnerability to storm-related flooding hazards. While the dominant aeolian, hydrodynamic, and ecological processes leading to dune growth and erosion are fairly well-understood, predictive capabilities of spatial variations in dune evolution on management and engineering timescales (days to years) remain relatively poor. In this work, monthly high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans were used to quantify topographic and vegetation changes over a 2.5 year period along a micro-tidal intermediate beach and dune. Three-dimensional topographic changes to the coastal landscape were used to investigate the relative importance of environmental, ecological, and morphological factors in controlling spatial and temporal variability in foredune growth patterns at two 50 m alongshore stretches of coast. Despite being separated by only 700 m in the alongshore, the two sites evolved differently over the study period. The northern dune retreated landward and lost volume, whereas the southern dune prograded and vertically accreted. The largest differences in dune response between the two sections of dunes occurred during the fall storm season, when each of the systems’ geomorphic and ecological properties modulated dune growth patterns. These findings highlight the complex eco-morphodynamic feedback controlling dune dynamics across a range of spatial scales.
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Russell, H. A. J., and S. K. Frey. Canada One Water: integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.

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Canada 1 Water is a 3-year governmental multi-department-private-sector-academic collaboration to model the groundwater-surface-water of Canada coupled with historic climate and climate scenario input. To address this challenge continental Canada has been allocated to one of 6 large watershed basins of approximately two million km2. The model domains are based on natural watershed boundaries and include approximately 1 million km2 of the United States. In year one (2020-2021) data assembly and validation of some 20 datasets (layers) is the focus of work along with conceptual model development. To support analysis of the entire water balance the modelling framework consists of three distinct components and modelling software. Land Surface modelling with the Community Land Model will support information needed for both the regional climate modelling using the Weather Research &amp; Forecasting model (WRF), and input to HydroGeoSphere for groundwater-surface-water modelling. The inclusion of the transboundary watersheds will provide a first time assessment of water resources in this critical international domain. Modelling is also being integrated with Remote Sensing datasets, notably the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). GRACE supports regional scale watershed analysis of total water flux. GRACE along with terrestrial time-series data will serve provide validation datasets for model results to ensure that the final project outputs are representative and reliable. The project has an active engagement and collaborative effort underway to try and maximize the long-term benefit of the framework. Much of the supporting model datasets will be published under open access licence to support broad usage and integration.
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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha, and Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.

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The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Andersen, Gisle, Christine Merk, Marie L. Ljones, and Mikael P. Johannessen. Interim report on public perceptions of marine CDR. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.4.

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This deliverable synthesizes the results on public perceptions of marine CDR methods from the first two years of OceanNETs. The purpose is to inform the other work packages in OceanNETs and stakeholders about our results in a timely and brief manner about the ways members of the public view marine CDR specifically but also in the broader context of net-zero targets and climate policy. The deliverable summarises results of two studies: (1) focus groups held in Germany and Norway that covered ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling and blue carbon management and (2) a deliberative survey in Norway that covered ocean alkalinity enhancement, macroalgae farming with BECCS or biomass sinking and land-based BECCS and enhanced weathering as terrestrial approaches for comparison. Participants in both studies emphasise the importance of reducing emissions and changing consumptions patterns. They hardly discuss the need to remove CO2 from the atmosphere to reach the Paris climate goal and the concept of negative emissions seems difficult for them to engage with. Among the methods, participants prefer ecosystem-based approaches like mangrove or seagrass restoration over other methods like alkalinity enhancement or ocean fertilization. Participants are concerned about the actual feasibility of deployment at a relevant removal scale and for a longer period. Connected to this are concerns about the controllability of the deployment and the methods’ impact, like difficulties to control negative environmental effects from biomass sinking at the seafloor. They also question the buildup of additional infrastructure or additional interventions into nature on top of already existing human interference. The opportunity to deliberate the methods increases participants’ certainty about their assessment but only slightly changes the direction of the assessment.
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