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Journal articles on the topic 'Terrestrial-satellite networks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Daoud, Fawzi. "Hybrid satellite/terrestrial networks integration." Computer Networks 34, no. 5 (2000): 781–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1286(00)00128-6.

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2

Chitre, D. M., D. J. Shyy, A. Ephremides, and S. Gupta. "Hybrid satellite and terrestrial networks." International Journal of Satellite Communications 12, no. 3 (1994): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sat.4600120313.

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3

Kuang, Linling, Zhiyong Feng, Yi Qian, and Giovanni Giambene. "Integrated terrestrial-satellite networks: Part one." China Communications 15, no. 6 (2018): iv—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cc.2018.8398219.

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4

Kuang, Linling, Zhiyong Feng, Yi Qian, and Giovanni Giambene. "Integrated terrestrial-satellite networks: Part two." China Communications 15, no. 8 (2018): iv—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cc.2018.8438267.

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5

Kapovits, Adam, Marius-Iulian Corici, Ilie-Daniel Gheorghe-Pop, et al. "Satellite communications integration with terrestrial networks." China Communications 15, no. 8 (2018): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cc.2018.8438271.

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6

Gao, Xiangqiang, Yingzhao Shao, Yuanle Wang, Hangyu Zhang, and Yang Liu. "Cooperative Caching and Resource Allocation in Integrated Satellite–Terrestrial Networks." Electronics 13, no. 7 (2024): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071216.

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Due to the rapid development of low earth orbit satellite constellations, e.g., Starlink, OneWeb, etc., integrated satellite-terrestrial networks have been viewed as a promising paradigm to globally provide satellite internet services for users. However, when the contents from ground data centers are provided for users by satellite networks, there will be high capital expenditures in terms of communication delay and bandwidth usage. To this end, in this paper, a cooperative-caching and resource-allocation problem is investigated in integrated satellite–terrestrial networks. Popular contents, w

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7

Jiang, Weiwei, Yafeng Zhan, and Xiaolong Xiao. "Multi-Domain Network Slicing in Satellite–Terrestrial Integrated Networks: A Multi-Sided Ascending-Price Auction Approach." Aerospace 10, no. 10 (2023): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10100830.

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With the growing demand for massive access and data transmission requests, terrestrial communication systems are inefficient in providing satisfactory services. Compared with terrestrial communication networks, satellite communication networks have the advantages of wide coverage and support for massive access services. Satellite–terrestrial integrated networks are indispensable parts of future B5G/6G networks. Challenges arise for implementing and operating a successful satellite–terrestrial integrated network, including differentiated user requirements, infrastructure compatibility, limited

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8

Felip, Riera-Palou, Femenias Guillem, Caus Màrius, Shaat Musbah, and Isabel Pérez-Neira Ana. "Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks With LEO Satellite Support." IEEE Access 10 (April 1, 2022): 37.557–37.571. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3164097.

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This paper presents an integrated network architecture combining a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-M-MIMO) terrestrial layout with a low Earth orbit satellite segment where the scalability of the terrestrial segment is taken into account. The main purpose of such an integrated scheme is to transfer to the satellite segment those users that somehow limit the performance of the terrestrial network. Towards this end, a correspondingly scalable technique is proposed to govern the ground-to-satellite user diversion that can be tuned to different performance metrics. In particul

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Zhang, Jiaxin, Xing Zhang, Peng Wang, Liangjingrong Liu, and Yuanjun Wang. "Double-edge intelligent integrated satellite terrestrial networks." China Communications 17, no. 9 (2020): 128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcc.2020.09.011.

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10

Qian, Yi. "Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Communication Networks and Services." IEEE Wireless Communications 27, no. 6 (2020): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2020.9316447.

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11

Zhu, Xiangming, Chunxiao Jiang, Linling Kuang, Ning Ge, Song Guo, and Jianhua Lu. "Cooperative Transmission in Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Networks." IEEE Network 33, no. 3 (2019): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2018.1800164.

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12

An, Kang, Min Lin, Jian Ouyang, and Wei-Ping Zhu. "Secure Transmission in Cognitive Satellite Terrestrial Networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 34, no. 11 (2016): 3025–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2615261.

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13

Hazer Inaltekin, Mark Bowyer, Iain B. Collings, Gunes Karabulut Kurt, Walid Saad, and Phil Whiting. "Future satellite communications: Satellite constellations and connectivity from space." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 5, no. 2 (2024): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/pcds7523.

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Satellite communications is currently undergoing a massive growth, with a rapid expansion in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks, and a range of new satellite technologies. Until very recently, satellite communication systems and terrestrial 5/6G wireless networks have been complementary distinct entities. There is now the opportunity to bring these networks together and deliver an integrated global coverage multi-service network. Achieving this will require solving some key research challenges, and leveraging new technologies including high frequency phased-array antennas, onboard processing, dyna

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14

Do, Dinh-Thuan, Anh-Tu Le, Rupak Kharel, Adão Silva, and Mohammad Abu Shattal. "Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Network: Proposed Model and Application of Power Splitting Multiple Access." Sensors 20, no. 15 (2020): 4296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154296.

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The development of hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay networks (HSTRNs) is one of the driving forces for revolutionizing satellite communications in the modern era. Although there are many unique features of conventional satellite networks, their evolution pace is much slower than the terrestrial wireless networks. As a result, it is becoming more important to use HSTRNs for the seamless integration of terrestrial cellular and satellite communications. With this intent, this paper provides a comprehensive performance evaluation of HSTRNs employing non-orthogonal multiple access technique. The

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15

Shuxin, Shi, Han Bing, Wu Zhongdai, Han Dezhi, Wu Huafeng, and Mei Xiaojun. "BLSAE-SNIDS: A Bi-LSTM sparse autoencoder framework for satellite network intrusion detection." Computer Science and Information Systems, no. 00 (2024): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis240401041s.

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Due to disparities in tolerance, resource availability, and acquisition of labeled training data between satellite-terrestrial integrated networks (STINs) and terrestrial networks, the application of traditional terrestrial network intrusion detection techniques to satellite networks poses significant challenges. This paper presents a satellite network intrusion detection system named Bi-LSTM sparse selfencoder (BLSAE-SNIDS) to address this issue. Through the development of an innovative unsupervised training Bi-LSTM stacked self-encoder, BLSAE-SNIDS facilitates feature extraction from satelli

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16

Karavolos, Michail, Nikolaos Nomikos, and Demosthenes Vouyioukas. "Enhanced Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial NOMA with Cooperative Device-to-Device Communication." Telecom 1, no. 2 (2020): 126–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom1020010.

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The currently deployed terrestrial wireless networks experience difficulties while coping with the massive connectivity demands of coexisting users and devices. The addition of satellite segments has been proposed as a viable way of providing improved coverage and capacity, leading to the formation of integrated satellite-terrestrial networks. In such topologies, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can further enhance the efficient use of wireless resources by simultaneously serving multiple users. In this paper, an integrated satellite-terrestrial NOMA network is studied where cooperation b

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17

Gong, Shulei, Hong Shen, Kanglian Zhao, et al. "Toward Optimized Network Capacity in Emerging Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Networks." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 56, no. 1 (2020): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2915415.

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18

Hu, Jing, Guangxia Li, Dongming Bian, Jingyu Tang, and Shengchao Shi. "Sensing-Based Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Integrated Wireless Sensor and Cognitive Satellite Terrestrial Networks." Sensors 19, no. 23 (2019): 5290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235290.

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This paper presents a cognitive satellite communication based wireless sensor network, which combines the wireless sensor network and the cognitive satellite terrestrial network. To address the conflict between the continuously increasing demand and the spectrum scarcity in the space network, the cognitive satellite terrestrial network becomes a promising candidate for future hybrid wireless networks. With the higher transmit capacity demand in satellite networks, explicit concerns on efficient resource allocation in the cognitive network have gained more attention. In this background, we prop

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19

Du, Jun, Chunxiao Jiang, Haijun Zhang, Xiaodong Wang, Yong Ren, and Merouane Debbah. "Secure Satellite-Terrestrial Transmission Over Incumbent Terrestrial Networks via Cooperative Beamforming." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 36, no. 7 (2018): 1367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2018.2824623.

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20

Jabandžić, Irfan, Fadhil Firyaguna, Spilios Giannoulis, et al. "The CODYSUN Approach: A Novel Distributed Paradigm for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Satellite Communications." Sensors 21, no. 23 (2021): 8052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238052.

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With a constant increase in the number of deployed satellites, it is expected that the current fixed spectrum allocation in satellite communications (SATCOM) will migrate towards more dynamic and flexible spectrum sharing rules. This migration is accelerated due to the introduction of new terrestrial services in bands used by satellite services. Therefore, it is important to design dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) solutions that can maximize spectrum utilization and support coexistence between a high number of satellite and terrestrial networks operating in the same spectrum bands. Several DSS s

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21

Duc Anh, Nguyen. "Estimation of energy intensity of subscriber radio lines and information capacity of the LEO satellite system of the internet of things." T-Comm 15, no. 11 (2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-11-32-39.

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It is clear that the importance and impact of the Internet of Things on all areas of life is undeniable today. To implement the connection and exchange of information between objects, one cannot fail to mention wireless networks, LPWAN networks ... However, the above networks still have some limitations that need to be overcome, such as coverage areas, signal delay and some other special features. Therefore, research and development of a satellite system with the IoT function is very promising and relevant. In addition, in order to compete with terrestrial networks in terms of equipment cost,

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22

Wenjing, Qiu, Liu Aijun, and Han Chen. "Joint User Association and Satellite Selection for Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks." China Communications 21, no. 10 (2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcc.fa.2022-0058.202410.

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23

Ahn, Do Seob, Hee Wook Kim, Jaekyoung Ahn, and Dong-Chul Park. "Integrated/hybrid satellite and terrestrial networks for satellite IMT-Advanced services." International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking 29, no. 3 (2010): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sat.977.

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24

Yan, Yanjun, Huihui Xu, Ning Zhang, Guangjie Han, and Mingliu Liu. "Dynamic Divide Grouping Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Terrestrial-Satellite Integrated Network." Sensors 21, no. 18 (2021): 6199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186199.

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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been extensively studied to improve the performance of the Terrestrial-Satellite Integrated Network (TSIN) on account of the shortage of frequency band resources. In this paper, the terrestrial network and satellite network synergistically provide complete coverage for ground users, and based on the architecture, we first formulate a constrained optimization problem to maximize the sum rate of the TSIN under the limited spectrum resources. As the terrestrial networks and the satellite network will cause interference to each other, we first investigate

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25

Li, Zhen, Jian Xing, and Jinhui Hu. "Outage Performance of SWIPT-D2D-Based Hybrid Satellite–Terrestrial Networks." Sensors 25, no. 8 (2025): 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25082393.

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This paper investigates the outage performance of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-assisted device-to-device (D2D)-based hybrid satellite–terrestrial networks (HSTNs). In the considered system, an energy-constrained terrestrial user terminal (UT) harvests energy from the radio frequency (RF) signal of a terrestrial amplify-and-forward (AF) relay and utilizes the harvested energy to cooperate with the shadowed terrestrial Internet of Things (IoT) devices in a D2D communication. Both power splitting (PS)-based and time switching (TS)-based SWIPT-D2D schemes are adopte

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26

Zhao, Yang. "A study of satellite network based on a comprehensive analysis." Applied and Computational Engineering 92, no. 1 (2024): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/92/20241745.

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Satellite networks have emerged as a crucial component of modern communication systems. Historically, traditional terrestrial communication networks faced limitations in reaching remote and isolated areas. Conversely, Satellite networks possess the ability to provide coverage over vast geographical regions, including areas where laying terrestrial infrastructure is impractical or prohibitively expensive. The development of satellite networks was driven by the increasing demand for global connectivity, enabling seamless communication across various applications such as navigation, remote sensin

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27

Lanin, K. "Satellite communication will increasingly compete with terrestrial networks." LastMile, no. 6 (2018): 06–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/2070-8963.2018.75.6.06.10.

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28

Xiong, Jun, Dongtang Ma, Haitao Zhao, and Fanglin Gu. "Secure Multicast Communications in Cognitive Satellite-Terrestrial Networks." IEEE Communications Letters 23, no. 4 (2019): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2903054.

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29

Shahid, Syed Maaz, Yemane Teklay Seyoum, Seok Ho Won, and Sungoh Kwon. "Load Balancing for 5G Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 132144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010059.

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30

An, Kang, and Tao Liang. "Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Networks With Adaptive Transmission." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68, no. 12 (2019): 12448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2944883.

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31

Jiang, Yang-Wei, Jian Ouyang, Chun-Yan Yin, Zhao-Ye Xu, Xiang-Shuai Tao, and Li Lou. "Downlink beamforming scheme for hybrid satellite–terrestrial networks." IET Communications 12, no. 18 (2018): 2342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5313.

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32

Tao, Xiangshuai, Zhi Lin, Chunyan Yin, Wei Shi, Guoqiang Cheng, and Weiye Xu. "Cooperative Beamforming for Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Networks." Procedia Computer Science 131 (2018): 1170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.292.

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33

Abderrahim, Wiem, Osama Amin, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, and Basem Shihada. "Latency-Aware Offloading in Integrated Satellite Terrestrial Networks." IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 1 (2020): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.2988787.

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34

Yuan, Can, Min Lin, Jian Ouyang, and Yijia Bu. "Beamforming schemes for hybrid satellite-terrestrial cooperative networks." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 69, no. 8 (2015): 1118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2015.04.014.

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35

Li, Bin, Zesong Fei, Xiaoming Xu, and Zheng Chu. "Resource Allocations for Secure Cognitive Satellite-Terrestrial Networks." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 7, no. 1 (2018): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2017.2755014.

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36

Kolawole, Oluwatayo Y., Satyanarayana Vuppala, Mathini Sellathurai, and Tharmalingam Ratnarajah. "On the Performance of Cognitive Satellite-Terrestrial Networks." IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 3, no. 4 (2017): 668–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2763619.

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37

Guidotti, Alessandro, Barry Evans, and Marco Di Renzo. "Integrated satellite‐terrestrial networks in future wireless systems." International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking 37, no. 2 (2018): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sat.1292.

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38

Ilcev, Stojce Dimov. "Introduction to inmarsat broadband global area network for mobile backbone networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 2 (2020): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i2.2136.

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In this paper is introduced the Inmarsat Global Area Network (GAN) as backbone to mobile networks. At the end of 2005 Inmarsat launched its BGAN service as the first high speed wireless data solutions with voice available on a global basis. The service is accessed through a portable, broadband satellite transceiver with antenna easy to carry as a laptop. The BGAN network consists constellation of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) I-4 and I-5 satellites with an optimized ground network, which interconnects variety of terrestrial infrastructures at local BGAN users. This system employs bandwidth e

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39

Dimov, Stojce Ilcev. "Introduction to inmarsat broadband global area network for mobile backbone networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 2 (2020): 843–52. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i2.2136.

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In this paper is introduced the Inmarsat Global Area Network (GAN) as backbone to mobile networks. At the end of 2005 Inmarsat launched its BGAN service as the first high speed wireless data solutions with voice available on a global basis. The service is accessed through a portable, broadband satellite transceiver with antenna easy to carry as a laptop. The BGAN network consists constellation of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) I-4 and I-5 satellites with an optimized ground network, which interconnects variety of terrestrial infrastructures at local BGAN users. This system employs bandwidth e

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40

Jiang, Weiwei, Yafeng Zhan, and Xin Fang. "Fuzzy neural network based access selection in satellite–terrestrial integrated networks." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 236 (April 2025): 104108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104108.

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41

Aktas, Fatma, Ibraheem Shayea, Mustafa Ergen, et al. "Routing Challenges and Enabling Technologies for 6G–Satellite Network Integration: Toward Seamless Global Connectivity." Technologies 13, no. 6 (2025): 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13060245.

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The capabilities of 6G networks surpass those of existing networks, aiming to enable seamless connectivity between all entities and users at any given time. A critical aspect of achieving enhanced and ubiquitous mobile broadband, as promised by 6G networks, is merging satellite networks with land-based networks, which offers significant potential in terms of coverage area. Advanced routing techniques in next-generation network technologies, particularly when incorporating terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, are essential for optimizing network efficiency and delivering promised services.

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42

Turk, Yekta, and Engin Zeydan. "Satellite Backhauling for Next Generation Cellular Networks: Challenges and Opportunities." IEEE Communications Magazine 57, no. 12 (2019): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.1900193.

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Recently, studies on integration of satellitebased communication with terrestrial next-generation cellular networks (5G) have emerged in academia, standardization bodies, and industry due to extended coverage and service enrichment possibilities for mobile network operators (MNOs). In this article, we (i) first review the existing studies on satellite-based mobile network architectures and standardization efforts, (ii) propose a new satellite-based backhaul architecture for mobile communications and evaluate comparative end-to-end performance of both proposed satellite based backhaul and pure

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43

Kumar, Rajnish, and Shlomi Arnon. "Review of Physical Layer Security in Integrated Satellite–Terrestrial Networks." Electronics 13, no. 22 (2024): 4414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13224414.

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With the success and commercialization of 5G, 3GPP has started working toward the sixth generation of communication systems. While 5G explored the concept of non-terrestrial networks like satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles working alongside terrestrial networks, 6G is expected to take this integration a step further, aiming to achieve a more coherent network where satellites and terrestrial infrastructure work together seamlessly. However, the complexity and uniqueness of such networks create numerous attack surfaces that make them vulnerable to cyberattacks. The solution to such cyberatt

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44

Kruse, Caleb, Edward Boyda, Sully Chen, et al. "Satellite monitoring of terrestrial plastic waste." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (2023): e0278997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278997.

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Plastic waste is a significant environmental pollutant that is difficult to monitor. We created a system of neural networks to analyze spectral, spatial, and temporal components of Sentinel-2 satellite data to identify terrestrial aggregations of waste. The system works at wide geographic scale, finding waste sites in twelve countries across Southeast Asia. We evaluated performance in Indonesia and detected 374 waste aggregations, more than double the number of sites found in public databases. The same system deployed in Southeast Asia identifies 996 subsequently confirmed waste sites. For eac

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45

Abbasi, Munir, and Lampros K. Stergioulas. "Hybrid Wireless Networks for E-Learning and Digital Literacy." International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 2, no. 2 (2011): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdldc.2011040104.

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Today, satellite communication networks are being integrated into the infrastructure of modern Terrestrial communication networks and becoming popular for the delivery of educational content and data, as well as education-centric services, including information, tele-conferencing, entertainment, or ‘edutainment’ services. With fresh demand for new services and applications, it is becoming essential that wireless network architecture seamlessly interoperate with new and existing technologies, protocols and standards. This paper presents recent work on the use of hybrid wireless network infrastr

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Tong, Minglei, Xiaoxiang Wang, Song Li, and Liang Peng. "Joint Offloading Decision and Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing-Enabled Satellite-Terrestrial Network." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (2022): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030564.

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With the development of satellite-terrestrial network (STN), mobile edge computing (MEC) servers are deployed at low orbit earth (LEO) satellites to provide computing services for user devices (UEs) in areas without terrestrial network coverage. There is symmetry between satellite networks and terrestrial networks, but there is asymmetry between their resources. Computing resources of satellites’ MEC servers may not be enough. The satellite-terrestrial cooperation is promising, where a satellite migrates tasks to a base station (BS) in an adjacent area, thus utilizing computing resources of th

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47

Wilk-Jakubowski, Jacek. "BROADBAND SATELLITE DATA NETWORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF AVAILABLE PROTOCOLS AND DIGITAL PLATFORMS." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 11, no. 2 (2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2630.

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Satellites are the transmission medium for providing connectivity and building global, continental, or regional networks around the world (satellite operators effectively use satellites to support Internet traffic), and point-to-point connections are also possible. In practical use, there are combinations of VSAT networks with terrestrial wireless extensions, allowing end users to increase the capabilities offered via satellite. This paper provides selected information on broadband satellite networks using VSAT technology, including available protocols and transmission platforms. The aim of th

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48

Ruan, Xin. "Deep Learning Algorithms for BCH Decoding in Satellite Communication." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 38 (March 16, 2023): 1104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v38i.6012.

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Deep learning is widely used in various fields due to the advancement of algorithms, the enrichment of high-efficiency databases, and the increase in computing power. Especially in the satellite communication, the learning and parallel computing capabilities of neural networks make them ideal for decoding. Many researchers have recently applied deep learning neural networks to decode high-density parity check (HDPC) codes (such as BCH and RS code), improving the decoder’s performance. This review aims to provide general insights on applying neural network decoders to satellite communications.

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49

Artiga, Xavier, Ana I. Pérez-Neira, Jorge Baranda, et al. "Shared Access Satellite-Terrestrial Reconfigurable Backhaul Network enabled by Smart Antennas at mm-wave Band." IEEE Network Magazine 32, no. 5 (2018): 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2018.1800030.

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5G traffic expectations require not only the appropriate access infrastructure, but also the corresponding backhaul infrastructure to ensure well-balanced network scaling. Optical fiber and terrestrial wireless backhaul will hardly meet 100 percent coverage, and satellite must be considered within the 5G infrastructure to boost ubiquitous and reliable network utilization. This work presents the main outcomes of the SANSA project, which proposes a novel solution that overcomes the limitations of the traditional fixed backhaul. It is based on a dynamic integrated satellite- terrestrial backhaul

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50

Yin, Yabo, Chuanghe Huang, Dong-Fang Wu, Shidong Huang, M. Wasim Abbas Ashraf, and Qianqian Guo. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Algorithm in Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (October 28, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3759631.

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Satellite-terrestrial integrated network (STIN) is an indispensable component of the Next Generation Internet (NGI) due to its wide coverage, high flexibility, and seamless communication services. It uses the part of satellite network to provide communication services to the users who cannot communicate directly in terrestrial network. However, existing satellite routing algorithms ignore the users’ request resources and the states of the satellite network. Therefore, these algorithms cannot effectively manage network resources in routing, leading to the congestion of satellite network in adva

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