Academic literature on the topic 'Terrestrial trematodes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Terrestrial trematodes"
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Hamann, M. I., A. I. Kehr, and C. E. González. "Biodiversity of trematodes associated with amphibians from a variety of habitats in Corrientes Province, Argentina." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 3 (2012): 286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000302.
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AbstractThe main goals of this study were to compare the richness of parasitic trematodes in amphibians with diverse habits (terrestrial, fossorial, semi-aquatic and arboreal), and to evaluate whether the composition of the trematode community is determined by ecological relationships. Specimens were collected between April 2001 and December 2006 from a common area (30 ha) in Corrientes Province, Argentina. Trematodes of amphibians in this area comprised a total of 19 species, and were dominated by common species. Larval trematodes presented highest species richness, with the metacercaria ofBursotrema tetracotyloidesbeing dominant in the majority (7/9, 78%) of the parasite communities. Adults of the trematodeCatadiscus inopinatuswere dominant in the majority (6/9, 67%) of amphibians. The amphibiansLeptodactylus latinasus,Leptodactylus bufoniusandScinax nasicuspresented a high diversity of trematodes, whereasLeptodactylus chaquensishad the lowest diversity even though it presented with the highest species richness. The patterns of similarity among amphibian species showed groups linking with their habitats. Leptodactilid amphibians, with a generalist diet and an active foraging strategy showed highest infection rates with adult trematodes. The mean richness of trematode species related to host's habitat preferences was higher in semi-aquatic amphibians. Results suggest that semi-aquatic amphibians, present in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, present a greater diversity of parasites as they have a higher rate of exposure to a wider range of prey species and, hence, to diverse infective states. The trematode composition is related to the diets and mobility of the host, and habitat.
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Poulin, Robert, and William J. Hamilton. "Egg size variation as a function of environmental variability in parasitic trematodes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 4 (2000): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-245.
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Environmental predictability is often assumed to select for variability in egg size or offspring size, since a greater variance in offspring size may insure that, on average, a greater proportion of offspring will survive whatever the conditions experienced. In a comparative analysis across 747 species of parasitic trematodes, we examined the relationship between intraspecific variability in egg size and three predictors of environmental stability: the type of definitive host, the type of habitat in which parasite eggs are released, and latitude. Although trematode species using ectothermic hosts and (or) releasing eggs in terrestrial habitats tended to have more variable egg sizes than species using endothermic hosts and (or) releasing eggs in water, the trend was not significant, even when controlling for phylogenetic influences. Latitude correlated strongly and negatively with variability in egg sizes among trematode species releasing their eggs in terrestrial habitats, whether or not phylogenetic effects were removed. No relationship was found among species releasing their eggs in water. We propose that spatial heterogeneity of the external environment, and not its temporal stability, has played an important role in shaping intraspecific variability in egg sizes in parasitic trematodes.
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Wetsch, Olivia, Miranda Strasburg, Jessica McQuigg, and Michelle D. Boone. "Is overwintering mortality driving enigmatic declines? Evaluating the impacts of trematodes and the amphibian chytrid fungus on an anuran from hatching through overwintering." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0262561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262561.
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Emerging infectious diseases are increasing globally and are an additional challenge to species dealing with native parasites and pathogens. Therefore, understanding the combined effects of infectious agents on hosts is important for species’ conservation and population management. Amphibians are hosts to many parasites and pathogens, including endemic trematode flatworms (e.g., Echinostoma spp.) and the novel pathogenic amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]). Our study examined how exposure to trematodes during larval development influenced the consequences of Bd pathogen exposure through critical life events. We found that prior exposure to trematode parasites negatively impacted metamorphosis but did not influence the effect of Bd infection on terrestrial growth and survival. Bd infection alone, however, resulted in significant mortality during overwintering—an annual occurrence for most temperate amphibians. The results of our study indicated overwintering mortality from Bd could provide an explanation for enigmatic declines and highlights the importance of examining the long-term consequences of novel parasite exposure.
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Poinar, George. "Evolutionary History of Terrestrial Pathogens and Endoparasites as Revealed in Fossils and Subfossils." Advances in Biology 2014 (June 12, 2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/181353.
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The present work uses fossils and subfossils to decipher the origin and evolution of terrestrial pathogens and endoparasites. Fossils, as interpreted by morphology or specific features of their hosts, furnish minimum dates for the origin of infectious agents, coevolution with hosts, and geographical locations. Subfossils, those that can be C14 dated (roughly under 50,000 years) and are identified by morphology as well as molecular and immunological techniques, provide time periods when humans became infected with various diseases. The pathogen groups surveyed include viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and select multicellular endoparasites including nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, and insect parasitoids in the terrestrial environment.
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Akramova, F. D., U. A. Shakarbaev, A. S. Zhangabaev, I. M. Arepbaev, S. Sh Rabbimov, and D. A. Azimov. "Helminths of domestic and wild chicken birds (Aves: Galliformes) of Uzbekistan." Russian Journal of Parasitology 15, no. 2 (2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-2-11-16.
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The purpose of the research is studying existing fauna and ecology of Galliform helminths in biogeocenoses of Uzbekistan.Materials and methods. Parasitic worms were collected from chicken-like birds of the terrestrial cenoses of Karakalpakstan and North-eastern Uzbekistan. Birds were studied in all seasons of 2018–2020. Wild birds – Himalayan hen, keklik, grey partridge, quail and pheasant, were hunted by local hunters during hunting seasons, while domestic birds - chickens, turkeys and guinea fowls were uncovered from different types of poultry farms. The study of birds was carried out by well-known methods. It was examined 913 wild and 755 domestic chicken-like animals. The detected cestodes and trematodes were fixed in 70% alcohol, and the nematodes were fixed in Barbagallo liquid. The determination of helminth species was carried out according to the well-known guidelines of domestic and foreign authors.Results and discussion. We found that helminthoses were widespread among representatives of Galliformes in Uzbekistan. Total helminth infections in domestic and wild Galliformes were 50.5%. In infected birds, 44 helminth species were identified, among which 10 species were cestodes, 12 species were trematodes and 22 species were nematodes. Helminth species diversity was the most extensive in the domestic chicken (36 species), turkey (21), and partridge (20). For the first time for the helminth fauna in Galliformes in Uzbekistan, we identified 3 trematode species – Brachylaema fuscatus, Collyriclum faba and Echinostoma miyagawai, and 10 nematode species of the genera Capillaria, Aonchotheca, Ascaridia, Heterakis, Dispharynx, Streptocara, Tetrameres, Diplotriaena and Ornithofilaria.
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Barger, Michael A. "Microhabitat Use of Two Brachylaimid Trematodes in Terrestrial Gastropod Second Intermediate Hosts." Comparative Parasitology 78, no. 1 (2011): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4446.1.
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Barger, Michael A., and John A. Hnida. "Survey of Trematodes from Terrestrial Gastropods and Small Mammals in Southeastern Nebraska, U.S.A." Comparative Parasitology 75, no. 2 (2008): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4357.1.
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Movsesyan, Petrosyan, Vardanyan, Nikogosyan, Arutyunova, and Barseghyan. "FORMATION OF BIODIVERSITY OF THE FAUNA OF ECTO- AND ENDOPARASITES ON THE ARARAT PLAIN OF ARMENIA." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.342-348.
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Our studies were aimed at analyzing biodiversity of ecto- and endoparasites of sheep, cattle, rabbits, domestic birds and dogs in the lowland zone of the Republic, with semidesert climate and height of 850 m above the sea level. This is one of the warm regions of the Republic. The studies performed have established moderate and high degree of animal infection with parasites. We identified 33 parasite species, mostly helminths (15 species), including 10 species of nematodes (Trichocephalus ovis, Nematodirus spathiger, Haemonchus contortus, Chabertia ovina, Dictyocaulus filaria, Muellerius capillaris, Protostrongylus spp., Passalurus ambiqus, Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum), 4 species of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Paramphistomum cervi), 1 species of cestodes (Moniezia expansa), 9 protozoan species (Piroplasma bigeminum, Babesia ovis, Eimeria perforans, E. magna, E. irresidua, E. tenella, E. acervulina), 7 species of ticks, 1 species of insects, and 1 species of leishmaniasis vector, the mosquitos from the genus Phlebotomus. We registered 5 species of freshwater molluscs (Lymnaea auricularia, L. stagnalis, L. ovata, L. truncatula, Planorbis planorbis), and 2 species of terrestrial molluscs (Helicella derbentina, Napaeopsis hohenackeri).
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Guerino, L. R., J. F. Carvalho, L. A. Magalhães, and E. M. Zanotti-Magalhães. "Susceptibility of Biomphalaria glabrata submitted to concomitant infection with Angiostrongylus costaricensis and Schistosoma mansoni." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 3 (2016): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.15215.
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Abstract The easy adaptation of Angiostrongylus costaricensis, nematode responsible for abdominal angiostrongyliasis to several species of terrestrial and freshwater molluscs and the differences observed in the interactions of trematodes with their intermediate hosts have induced us to study the concomitant infection of Biomphalaria glabrata with Schistosoma mansoni and A. costaricensis. Prior exposure of B. glabrata to A. costaricensis (with an interval of 48 hours), favored the development of S. mansoni, observing higher infection rate, increased release of cercariae and increased survival of molluscs, when compared to molluscs exposed only to S. mansoni. Prior exposure of B. glabrata to A. costaricensis and then to S. mansoni also enabled the development of A. costaricensis since in the ninth week of infection, higher amount of A. costaricensis L3 larvae was recovered (12 larvae / mollusc) while for molluscs exposed only to A. costaricensis, the number of larvae recovered was lower (8 larvae / mollusc). However, pre-exposure of B. glabrata to S. mansoni (with an interval of 24 hours), and subsequently exposure to A. costaricensis proved to be very harmful to B. glabrata, causing extensive mortality of molluscs, reduced pre-patent period to release cercariae and greater recovery of L3 A. costaricensis larvae.
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Day, T. A., A. G. Maule, C. Shaw, et al. "Platyhelminth FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) contract Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Digenea) muscle fibres in vitro." Parasitology 109, no. 4 (1994): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000080707.
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SUMMARYMolluscan FMRFamide and two recently discovered platyhelminth FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), GNFFRFamide from the cestode Moniezia expansa and RYIRFamide from the terrestrial turbellarian Artioposthia triangulata, cause dose-dependent contractions of individual muscle fibres from Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. The most potent FaRP tested was the turbellarian peptide RYIRFamide, which produced a concentration-dependent effect between 10−9 and 10−7 M. FMRFamide and GNFFRFamide were less potent, inducing contractions between 10−8–10−6 M and 10−7–10−5 M respectively. The contractile effect of each of these peptides was blocked by the presence of 1 µM FMR-DFamide. FMRF free acid did not elicit contraction of the muscle fibres. The FaRP-induced contractions did not occur if the Ca2+ was omitted and 0·5 µM EGTA was added to the extracellular medium. The FaRP-induced contractions were not blocked by the Ca2+ channel blockers nicardipine, verapamil or diltiazem, although high K+-induced contractions of these fibres were blocked by nicardipine. These data indicate the presence of FaRP receptors on schistosome muscle fibres and demonstrate their ability to mediate muscle contraction. The action of these endogenous flatworm peptides on schistosome muscle is the first demonstration of a direct excitatory effect of any putative neurotransmitter on the muscle of a flatworm, and establishes a role for FaRPs in neuromuscular transmission in trematodes. In addition, it provides the first evidence that the peptidergic nervous system is a rational target for chemotherapeutic attack in parasitic platyhelmiths.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Terrestrial trematodes"
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Butcher, Andrew R. "Brachylaima cribbi n. sp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae): Taxonomy, life-cycle kinetics and infections in animals and humans." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37914.
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Brachylaima spp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) are terrestrial trematodes of mammals and
birds and have land snails as their first and second intermediate hosts. This thesis describes
a new species of Brachylaima and investigates infection in both snail intermediate hosts
and definitive host animals. A laboratory life-cycle was established using brachylaimid
eggs recovered from the faeces of an infected human. Five species of introduced European
helicid and hygromiid snails, Theba pisana, Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta,
Cochlicella barbara and Microxeromagna armillata were susceptible first intermediate
hosts. These same snails and introduced Helix aspersa as well as the native snails Succinea
australis and Strangesta gawleri were suitable second intermediate hosts. Field and
laboratory studies revealed that in addition to humans and mice, various species of birds
and reptiles were also definitive hosts. On the basis of its unique morphological and lifecycle
features, a new species, Brachylaima cribbi was described. The scanning electron
microscopical appearances of the various life-cycle stages were detailed. Studies of Swiss
albino outbred mice and 8 strains of inbred mice revealed that C57BL/6J mice were most
susceptible to B. cribbi infection. The peak infection occurred 4 weeks after inoculation
with metacercariae following which worms were expelled over the next few weeks.
Exposure to a second infection in C57BL/6J mice did not result in accelerated expulsion of
adult worms but did significantly inhibit their fecundity. In contrast, when
immunodeficient NOD SCID mice were infected with B. cribbi metacercariae the adult
worms persisted for the life span of the host mice. 6,432 land snails were collected over a
distance of 3,000 km across southern Australia. Sporocyst-infected snails were found in all
districts of South Australia and Victoria with the percentages of infected T. pisana, C.
virgata, C. acuta and C. barbara ranging from 1.7 to 4.7%. These 4 species together with
M. armillata, S. australis and S. gawleri were infected with metacercariae being found in
18-63% of snails and the mean number of metacercariae per infected snail ranged from 2.1
to 6.1. Laboratory studies revealed that eggs may remain viable for almost 12 months in
mouse faeces. The prepatent period for a sporocyst infection is 7-10 weeks after egg
ingestion. Metacercariae 7 weeks of age are capable of developing into adult worms.
Detailed studies of seasonal variations in sporocyst and metacercarial infection rates were
studied at 4 ecologically diverse sites on the Yorke Peninsula of South Australia. The
clinical features and epidemiological circumstances of B. cribbi infections of 12 humans
are detailed, as is their satisfactory response to treatment with praziquantel.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2003.
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Butcher, Andrew R. "Brachylaima cribbi n. sp. (Digenea : Brachylaimidae)." 2003. http://thesis.library.adelaide.edu.au/public/adt-SUA20031217.145349.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology, 2003?<br>Author's previous publications inserted. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
Book chapters on the topic "Terrestrial trematodes"
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Wani, Robert Serafino. "Parasites and Worms." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0010.
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A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. Worms or helminths either live as parasites or free of a host in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Parasites and worms are found worldwide but mainly in the tropics. It is estimated that 20% of immigrants from endemic countries may have helminthic infections at their arrival to the UK. These people could be asymptomatic, but tend to present with unexplained symptoms, especially gastrointestinal in nature or eosinophilia. Travellers to endemic countries tend to be newly infected and have greater immune response and pronounced eosinophilia in some but not all parasitic infections. Parasites that can cause disease in humans fall under three classes: protozoa, helminths, and Ectoparasites Protozoa are microscopic, one- celled organisms that can be free living or parasitic in nature. Transmission of protozoa that live in a human’s intestine to another human typically occurs through a faeco-oral route (for example, contaminated food or water, or person- to-person contact). Protozoa that live in the blood or tissue of humans are transmitted to other humans by an arthropod vector (for example, through the bite of a mosquito or sand fly). Helminths are large, multicellular organisms that are generally visible to the naked eye in their adult stages. Like protozoa, helminths can be either free living or parasitic. There are three main groups of helminths that parasitize humans: cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes. These are flat worms that comprise Echinococcus species: intestinal tapeworms and neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium) These are leaf- shaped, and they vary in length from a few millimetres to 8 cm. They include: ■ Liver fluke: Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica ■ Intestinal fluke: Fasciola buski, Heterophyes heterophyes, ■ Lung fluke: Paragonimus westernmani ■ Blood flukes: Schistosoma species These are cylindrical in structure. Blood- sucking arthropods such as mosquitoes are considered as ectoparasites because they depend on blood meal for their survival. Narrowly speaking, ectoparasites include organisms like ticks, fleas, lice, and mites (scabies) that attach or burrow into the skin and remain there for relatively long periods of time (e.g. weeks to months).
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Longshaw, Matt, and Andrew P. Shinn. "Diseases of platyhelminths, acanthocephalans, and nematodes." In Invertebrate Pathology. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853756.003.0006.
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The phylum Nematoda and the class Turbellaria contain a number of parasitic and free-living species, whilst the classes Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda and Acanthocephala contain wholly parasitic forms that occur in a range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Each of these taxa are themselves further infected with a range of pathogenic and benign agents. This chapter aims to describe and list the range of infections in the Nematoda, platyhelminths and other parasitic metazoans across their aquatic and terrestrial range. The bulk of these infections are typically benign and consist of viruses, bacteria, protistans as well as metazoans. Further consideration is given to those infections considered to be detrimental to their invertebrate hosts and covers examples of hyperparasites, mutualism, and commensals where appropriate. However, although recognised, it does not cover details of those organisms that act as vectors for disease.