Academic literature on the topic 'Territorial (spatial) structure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Territorial (spatial) structure"
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Popadyuk, N. "Administrative-Territorial Reform and Territorial-Economic Structures." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 20, 2004): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-5-73-84.
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The article is devoted to social and cultural problems, essential in the light of formulating the tasks of the future administrative and territorial reform and constructing corresponding regional policy. The author describes the concept of territorial-economic structure, defining it according to social and economic attributes as the group of spatial social and economic systems integrated with surrounding space. Classification of territorial-economic structures as forms of rural and urban types of civilization is offered. Intercivilizational sociocultural "breaks" between different types of territorial-economic structures in Russia are shown. Opportunities of implementation of the given approach in forming national regional policy are considered.
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Weiner, Benjamin G., Anna Posfai, and Ned S. Wingreen. "Spatial ecology of territorial populations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 36 (August 21, 2019): 17874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911570116.
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Many ecosystems, from vegetation to biofilms, are composed of territorial populations that compete for both nutrients and physical space. What are the implications of such spatial organization for biodiversity? To address this question, we developed and analyzed a model of territorial resource competition. In the model, all species obey trade-offs inspired by biophysical constraints on metabolism; the species occupy nonoverlapping territories, while nutrients diffuse in space. We find that the nutrient diffusion time is an important control parameter for both biodiversity and the timescale of population dynamics. Interestingly, fast nutrient diffusion allows the populations of some species to fluctuate to zero, leading to extinctions. Moreover, territorial competition spontaneously gives rise to both multistability and the Allee effect (in which a minimum population is required for survival), so that small perturbations can have major ecological effects. While the assumption of trade-offs allows for the coexistence of more species than the number of nutrients—thus violating the principle of competitive exclusion—overall biodiversity is curbed by the domination of “oligotroph” species. Importantly, in contrast to well-mixed models, spatial structure renders diversity robust to inequalities in metabolic trade-offs. Our results suggest that territorial ecosystems can display high biodiversity and rich dynamics simply due to competition for resources in a spatial community.
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Smirnova, Olga, and Lyudmila Сhesnyukova. "Spatial unevenness of innovative and technological development of the territories of the Russian Federation." E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130101001.
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The study covers the topical aspects of the innovative and technological development of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of territorial unevenness. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the factors of innovative and technological development of the federal districts of Russia has been carried out, the specificity of regional development has been investigated. The spatial analysis of the territories made it possible to conclude that there is a significant territorial concentration and differentiation in terms of innovative activity indicators. The paper shows a significant territorial disparity in the distribution of developed advanced production technologies. The structure of R&D organizations has been displayed, it has been noted that the bulk of the organizations is concentrated in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. A spatial analysis of the territories of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of the innovative and technological potential made it possible to distinguish territories by the type of innovative development: 1) territories with a high level and an upward trend of innovative and technological development; 2) territories with a high level and a downward trend of innovative and technological development; 3) territories with a low level and an upward trend of innovative and technological development; 4) territories with a low level and a downward trend of innovative and technological development.
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Gajdoš, P. "Marginal regions in Slovakia and their developmental disposabilities." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 12 (February 21, 2012): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5151-agricecon.
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The study deals with the problems of territorial marginality in Slovakia. It illustrates the content structure of regional marginality, its factor satiation, as well as its spatial (territorial) localization. The historical-spatial context of marginal territories in Slovakia and their position in the transformation period are pointed out. The stress is laid on social-spatial marginality of the regions, representing its central component. The study suggests the possibilities of solving the problems of marginal regions, their developmental disposabilities, as well as the necessity of application of certain demarginalization activities, as a component part of modernization processes and their dynamization in the respective territories. The existing contradictions between the intentions of the regional policy of the Slovak Republic and the actual situation in solving the problems of marginal regions have been pointed out as well.
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Wagner, Monica-Nataliia, and Umeda Ovezova. "International experience of territorial-spatial organization of university campuses in urban structure." SHS Web of Conferences 98 (2021): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219803011.
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Universities are important structural and functional elements of megalopolises, they carry out professional training of specialists for various spheres of society; in addition, they are scientific and cultural centers. Nowadays the issues of education improvement, in particular, its spatial organization, are especially important. In this regard, this work analyzes international experience of spatial organization of university campuses in urban structure, including determination of major forms of territorial-spatial organization of university campuses and approaches to territorial-spatial development of campuses both in urban structure and in the campus territory.
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Klieshch, Anastasia A., and Nadiya V. Maksymenko. "Positional-dynamic territorial structure of the urban landscape." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 3 (October 10, 2020): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112049.
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The knowledge of landscapes’ positional - dynamic structure enabled us to include it in the work on urban landscape and ecological planning, with its ownspecifics as environmental management objects. The aim is to create cartographic models of a positional-dynamic territorial structure of Kharkiv landscape to ensure a balanced use of nature in environmental management. Methods: a positional-dynamic structure of urban landscape was selected by compiling andanalyzing cartographic works of landscape strips, tiers and districts. Territorial configuration of different types of landscape strips were identified and established based on the classical scheme of landscape locations typology by water-geochemical regime proposed by B. Polynov and supplemented by M. Glazovska, which includes 9 main types. Technically, synthesis of parameters combinations and determination of the territories affiliation to certain types of landscape strips was carried out using spatial analysis tools (in particular, reclassification and raster calculator) of initial data on morphometric relief parameters in ArcGIS. Results. A set of qualitative parameters is proposed, based on the characteristics of each type of landscape strips by which they can be identified.Composition and territorial configuration of positional-dynamic landscape strips of the urban landscape are established as a result of systematization and processing of geodata parametric features of the water-geochemical regime. Cartographic models of the positional-dynamic structureof Kharkiv landscapes have been developed, including 13 types of landscape strips with individual features united in 5 groups by types of lateral migration of substances due to the peculiarities of their positionality (common position in relation to frame lines of flow directions) and factors of relief morphology similarity, nature of income and intensity of substances transfer. The identified mode types and the nature of the spatial distribution of the corresponding landscape strips have been described in detail. Conclusions. Cartographic models of the positional-dynamic territorial structure of Kharkiv, developed during the inventory stage of landscape-ecological planning, make it possible to choose areas of balanced nature management of a particular area.
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Boal-San Miguel, Iván, and Luis César Herrero-Prieto. "A Spatial–Temporal Analysis of Cultural and Creative Industries with Micro-Geographic Disaggregation." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 6376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166376.
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Recent years have witnessed growing interest in studying the spatial distribution of cultural and creative industries (CCI), both for their contribution to economic development and for their impact on spatial planning and remodeling of urban structure. However, spatial interdependence and diffusion of agglomeration economies have not been explained enough so far, due to the use of aggregate spatial units. This paper examines CCI sector location patterns in Spain from a spatial–temporal perspective, using micro-geographic data and considering a new and hitherto unused territorial unit, districts, an intermediate demarcation between municipalities and provinces or regions. We used a geographic information system (GIS) analysis and spatial econometric techniques to study territorial distribution and spatial dependences. Results show that CCI are mainly concentrated in metropolitan areas, with spillover effects in adjacent districts, reflecting a non-contemporary spatial dependence process, whilst large territories are devoid of these effects. This reveals a new source of regional disparities, as CCI seems to follow technology gap models, triggering greater and more intense spatial imbalances wherever it appears. Policy implications regarding accountability resources and institutional coordination must be deduced.
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Bukowski, Andrzej, Marcjanna Nóżka, and Marta Smagacz-Poziemska. "How do parking practices structure urban territorial communities?" Urban Development Issues 59, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2018-0024.
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Abstract In this article we analyse the socio-spatial contexts and consequences of the practice of car parking in housing estates. Fredrik Barth’s idea of socially constructed boundaries and the theory of social practice form the theoretical basis of our analysis. The empirical material comes from research conducted in 2016 and 2017 in three Polish cities. We analyse the practice of parking in terms of the specific aspect of mobility that is ‘mooring’. The research shows that parking practices influence the structuring of territorial communities in housing estates on two levels: everyday activities, norms and rules, as well as social differences and boundaries in the space occupied by the housing estate.
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Gladenkova, Tatiana. "Beauty and personal care transnationalization: main changes in its spatial structure." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-94.
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At the turn of 21st century global beauty and personal care industry underwent dramatic changes in its territorial structure. The main factors of that changes were world economics institutional changes, primarily – the international trade liberalization, as well as the R&D progress. During abolition of tariffs or tariff cut the competition in beauty and personal care ratcheted up sharply. That was accompanied by sea changes in its macrogeography, particularly, by the manufacturing transnationalization (mainly, in the form of its «drift» to developing countries) and the general expansion of the range of countries specializing in the beauty and personal care production. The main drive-forces of beauty and personal care transnationalization and the resulting territorial changes in the industry are discussed.
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Nieto Masot, Ana, Gema Cárdenas Alonso, and Ángela Engelmo Moriche. "Spatial Analysis of the Rural-Urban Structure of the Spanish Municipalities." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040213.
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The rural–urban dichotomy is one of the most debated topics by the scientific community in territorial issues. In addition, many public entities and scientific studies have established the distinctive elements of rural and urban spaces by relating the decline of the rural ones with factors such as aging, low birthrate, the primary sector, unemployment, or poverty, among others. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to spatially study the current model of territorial organization of Spanish urban and rural municipalities as well as their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. To this end, GIS (Geographic Information System) tools were used to carry out a spatial autocorrelation (SA) analysis and to identify homogeneous groups of the variables considered. In conclusion, there are different demographic and socioeconomic realities in Spain, an urban one located on the coast with a positive situation and, on the other hand, a regressive reality composed of rural municipalities, among which there are villages whose situation is worrying, mainly located in the north of Spain.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Territorial (spatial) structure"
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Petrulis, Valdas. "A territorial structure of Lithuania‘s political field (on the basis of electoral method)." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091008_155631-43681.
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The territorial regularities of Lithuania’s sociopolitical development after the independency reestablishment are revealed in this paper. A territorial structure of Lithuania’s political field is analyzed on the basis of electoral method. Four groups of political phenomena are distinguished according to an interpretation of an elections results’ significance: 1) geopolitical attitudes, 2) assessment of the authorities, 3) political ideology and 4) assessment of the authorities’ division. The territorial structure of the political phenomena is revealed referring to the results of the referendums in 1991 and 2003 at the municipalities’ level and of the elections of the President, the Parliament and the Municipality in 1996-2007 at the wards’ level. The main regularities of the territorial structure are identified in each group of political phenomena. Lithuania’s electoral territorial structure distinguishes for a stable regional expression in a period since the statehood’s reestablishment. 6-7 large territorial formations constantly distinguish for special electoral attitudes and peculiar dynamics of the electorate’s behavior and structure in the context of surrounding environment. A constant imbalance of separate regions according to predominance of political ideology and a constant imbalance of political forces’ support in separate urban-rural units’ types, that are characteristic to Lithuania, are highlighted in this paper. Territorial differences of Lithuania’s electorate... [to full text]Darbe atskleidžiami Lietuvos sociopolitinės raidos teritoriniai dėsningumai po Nepriklausomybės atkūrimo. Lietuvos politinio lauko teritorinė struktūra nagrinėjama elektorinio metodo pagrindu. Pagal rinkimų rezultatų reikšmės interpretaciją išskiriamos keturios politinių reiškinių grupės: 1) geopolitinės nuostatos, 2) valdžios vertinimas, 3) politinė ideologija ir 4) valdžios pasidalinimo vertinimas. Politinių reiškinių teritorinė struktūra atskleidžiama pagal 1991 m. ir 2003 m. referendumų rezultatus savivaldybių lygmeniu bei 1996-2007 m. Prezidento, Seimo ir Savivaldos rinkimų rezultatus seniūnijų lygmeniu. Kiekvienoje iš politinių reiškinių grupių identifikuojami pagrindiniai teritorinės struktūros dėsningumai. Lietuvos elektorinė teritorinė struktūra per laikotarpį nuo valstybingumo atkūrimo pasižymi stabilia regionine raiška. 6-7 stambūs teritoriniai dariniai supančios aplinkos fone nuolat išsiskiria ypatingomis rinkiminėmis nuostatomis bei savita elektorato elgesio ir struktūros dinamika. Darbe pabrėžiamas Lietuvai būdingas nuolatinis atskirų regionų netolygumas pagal politinės ideologijos vyravimą bei nuolatinis politinių jėgų paramos netolygumas atskiruose miesto-kaimo vienetų tipuose. Lietuvos elektorato teritoriniai skirtumai apibendrinami Lietuvos politinio rajonavimo schemoje pagal tradicinio-protesto elektoratų ir kairės-dešinės santykį.
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Wixted, Brian L., University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and Australian Expert Group in Industry Studies. "Systems of innovation beyond borders: linked clustering and the role, scale and spatial structure of extra-territorial interdependencies." THESIS_CLAB_AEGIS_Wixted_B.xml, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/639.
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The study of technological innovation covers a broad range of issues. Everything, from the public funding of science, research policy to the role of universities, from the business development of new products and services, the financing of innovation, institutional arrangements through to the spatially located conditions that promote innovation has been considered by analysts. Mostly these subject matters have been conceptualised as components of 'national’ systems of innovation even when studied at different spatial levels (including regions and clusters). The emphasis of systems research is that places (nations or localities), within the global economic landscape, are especially important for the creation, spread and use of innovations. The systems perspective on innovation encourages, due to results on the development of endogenous capabilities and the proximity of knowledge spillovers, a view that production and innovation geographies are enclaves of activity, innovating largely in isolation from what is occurring in other technologically isolated systems. A central concern in the present thesis is that this view of national and sub-national systems does not provide a sufficiently comprehensive perspective on the global architecture of production. The primary goal is to begin to develop an innovation systems framework that combines the consideration of the advantages of individual spatial entities (clusters) with an analysis of value chains as they extend across regional and national borders. To achieve this, the analysis focuses on evaluating the role, scale and spatial structure of inter-cluster linkages. The literature on role of interdependencies within clusters suggests that user producer and tacit knowledge flows are more important for innovation than traded interdependencies. To aid the analysis of the scale and spatial structure of interdependencies and rather than be restricted by case studies methods which would facilitate analysis of only one or two clusters, two inter-country input-output datasets covering nine OECD countries (33 sectors) and fifteen European Union countries (25 sectors) were developed for the research project. To analyse these datasets in a manner that was consistent with the goals of the research new modelling software was constructed. The analysis of these spatial structures reveals that substantial associations exist between some clusters, with most national clusters maintaining one important connection. The analysis reveals differences in the global architecture of production for assembly based systems (motor vehicles and aerospace) when compared to modular component based systems such as electronics and computing. Just as businesses form networks, then it seems reasonable, on the basis of the research presented here, to suggest that global production consists of networks of clusters which are organised in hierarchical circuits. This evidence supports the argument developed through the present thesis that certain elements of innovation systems can be better understood through a crossborder cluster-to-cluster frameworkDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Ramanauskas, Evaldas. "The evolution of the cultural landscape of Lithuania and proposals for its spatial optimisation (1918-2008)." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110727_140421-34704.
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The thesis analyses the evolution of the cultural landscape of Lithuania spanning over the interwar (1918-1940) and Soviet (1940-1941, 1944-1990) periods and the period after the restoration of Lithuania’s independence (1990-2008). Goal of the thesis: to evaluate the evolution of the spatial structure of the Lithuanian cultural landscape by highlighting factors that determine aesthetic characteristics, and to provide preliminary proposals regarding the optimisation of the development of the spatial structure of landscape. This thesis analyses landscape in rural and urban areas. The spatial structure of such landscape is evaluated using Nicos Angelos Salingaros’ method of the evaluation of aesthetic characteristics. The analysis of the evolution of landscape includes the study of legal documents, political aspects, technological and social changes as well as artistic factors that determine the changes in the historical development of landscape. The evaluation of the most significant spatial structure changes caused by the said factors leads to the identification of landscape development stages and the types of landscape that are the most characteristic to such stages. The visual intensity and the visual harmony characteristics of each identified type of landscape are being evaluated (by awarding points from 0 to 10). They are further described by identifying aesthetic attractiveness and aesthetic chaos (0 to 100 points). The historical development shows that it is the... [to full text]Disertacijoje analizuojama Lietuvos kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio raida apimanti tarpukario (1918-1940), sovietmečio (1940-1941, 1944-1990) ir atkurtos Lietuvos nepriklausomybės (1990-2008) laikotarpius. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Lietuvos kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio erdvinės struktūros formavimo raidą, išryškinant estetines savybes lemiančius veiksnius, pateikti preliminarius siūlymus kraštovaizdžio erdvinės struktūros formavimo optimizavimui. Kraštovaizdis šiame darbe analizuojamas kaimo ir miesto teritorijose. Jo erdvinė struktūra įvertinama pritaikant Nicos Angelos Salingaros estetinių savybių vertinimo metodą. Atliekant kraštovaizdžio raidos analizę nagrinėjami teisiniai dokumentai, politiniai aspektai, technologiniai, socialiniai pokyčiai, menininiai bei kiti kraštovaizdžio savitumus nulėmę veiksniai. Įvertinant ryškiausius erdvinės struktūros pokyčius išskiriami kraštovaizdžio raidos etapai bei jų būdingiausi kraštovaizdžio tipai. Kiekvienas kraštovaizdžio tipas, estetiniu požiūriu, įvertinamas nustatant vizualinio intensyvumo bei vizualinio harmoningumo reikšmes (nuo 0 iki 10 balų). Toliau šios estetinės savybės apibendrinamos nustatant estetinio patrauklumo ir estetinio chaotiškumo reikšmes (nuo 0 iki 100 balų). Istorinėje raidoje kaip vieni svarbiausi kraštovaizdžio vizualines savybes nulemiantys veiksniai išskiriami – politiniai ir ekonominiai veiksniai. Įvertinant paskutiniame etape šiais veiksniais nulemiamas ryškesnes chaotiškumo savybes, siūloma tobulinti teritorijų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Ramanauskas, Evaldas. "Lietuvos kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio formavimo raida ir jo erdvinio optimizavimo prielaidos (1918-2008)." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110727_140508-28859.
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Disertacijoje analizuojama Lietuvos kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio raida apimanti tarpukario (1918-1940), sovietmečio (1940-1941, 1944-1990) ir atkurtos Lietuvos nepriklausomybės (1990-2008) laikotarpius. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Lietuvos kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio erdvinės struktūros formavimo raidą, išryškinant estetines savybes lemiančius veiksnius, pateikti preliminarius siūlymus kraštovaizdžio erdvinės struktūros formavimo optimizavimui. Kraštovaizdis šiame darbe analizuojamas kaimo ir miesto teritorijose. Jo erdvinė struktūra įvertinama pritaikant Nicos Angelos Salingaros estetinių savybių vertinimo metodą. Atliekant kraštovaizdžio raidos analizę nagrinėjami teisiniai dokumentai, politiniai aspektai, technologiniai, socialiniai pokyčiai, menininiai bei kiti kraštovaizdžio savitumus nulėmę veiksniai. Įvertinant ryškiausius erdvinės struktūros pokyčius išskiriami kraštovaizdžio raidos etapai bei jų būdingiausi kraštovaizdžio tipai. Kiekvienas kraštovaizdžio tipas, estetiniu požiūriu, įvertinamas nustatant vizualinio intensyvumo bei vizualinio harmoningumo reikšmes (nuo 0 iki 10 balų). Toliau šios estetinės savybės apibendrinamos nustatant estetinio patrauklumo ir estetinio chaotiškumo reikšmes (nuo 0 iki 100 balų). Istorinėje raidoje kaip vieni svarbiausi kraštovaizdžio vizualines savybes nulemiantys veiksniai išskiriami – politiniai ir ekonominiai veiksniai. Įvertinant paskutiniame etape šiais veiksniais nulemiamas ryškesnes chaotiškumo savybes, siūloma tobulinti teritorijų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The thesis analyses the evolution of the cultural landscape of Lithuania spanning over the interwar (1918-1940) and Soviet (1940-1941, 1944-1990) periods and the period after the restoration of Lithuania’s independence (1990-2008). Goal of the thesis: to evaluate the evolution of the spatial structure of the Lithuanian cultural landscape by highlighting factors that determine aesthetic characteristics, and to provide preliminary proposals regarding the optimisation of the development of the spatial structure of landscape. This thesis analyses landscape in rural and urban areas. The spatial structure of such landscape is evaluated using Nicos Angelos Salingaros’ method of the evaluation of aesthetic characteristics. The analysis of the evolution of landscape includes the study of legal documents, political aspects, technological and social changes as well as artistic factors that determine the changes in the historical development of landscape. The evaluation of the most significant spatial structure changes caused by the said factors leads to the identification of landscape development stages and the types of landscape that are the most characteristic to such stages. The visual intensity and the visual harmony characteristics of each identified type of landscape are being evaluated (by awarding points from 0 to 10). They are further described by identifying aesthetic attractiveness and aesthetic chaos (0 to 100 points). The historical development shows that it is the... [to full text]
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Lemaitre, Jelle. "La cohésion territoriale et l'ordre juridique de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G026.
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La cohésion territoriale a fait son apparition dans le droit de l’Union à l’ex article 16 TCE aux côtés des SIEG. Elle a connu une consécration dans le droit primaire de l’Union avec son érection au rang d’objectif de l’Union européenne en devenant la troisième dimension de la politique de cohésion aux côtés de la cohésion économique et sociale. Cette nouvelle place dans le droit primaire n’est pas sans poser des questions sur la normativité de ce nouvel objectif et plus largement de sa place dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union. La principale difficulté réside aujourd’hui dans sa définition et ses modalités d’expression et d’intervention. Le Livre vert de la Commission européenne de 2008 consacré à la cohésion territoriale a eu le mérite de mettre l’objectif en perspective en lui donnant une concrétisation à travers essentiellement la politique régionale, mais également plus largement par la nécessaire coordination des politiques à impact territorial. Cette thèse a pour objectif de mettre en lumière les expressions de la cohésion territoriale, appelée à se développer avec la mise en œuvre du traité de Lisbonne. La cohésion territoriale peut également se fonder sur de nombreux autres principes juridiques, à l’image du principe de subsidiarité, pour se doter d’une normativité dans le droit matériel de l’Union, du travail législatif et réglementaire à la mise en œuvre des politiques sectorielles sur le territoire de l’Union. La cohésion territoriale peut enfin s’appuyer sur le droit institutionnel de l’Union et sur le rôle croissant des collectivités infraétatiques pour faire entendre la voie d’une solidarité territoriale dans le modèle d’intégration européenneThe territorial cohesion appeared in the European Union law at the ex article 16 TCE beside the SIEG. It knew a consecration in the primary european Union law with its erection to the rank of objective of the European Union, becoming the third dimension of the cohesion policy beside the economic and social cohesion. This new place in the primary law is not without asking questions on the normativity of this new objective and more widely its place in the legal order of the european Union. The main difficulty is based on its definition and its modalities of expression and intervention today. The green Book of the European Commission of 2008 dedicated to the territorial cohesion had the merit to put the objective in perspective by giving it a realization through essentially the regional policy, but also more widely by the necessary coordination of the policies with territorial impact. This thesis has for objective to put in light the expressions of the territorial cohesion, called to develop with the application of the treaty of Lisbon. The territorial cohesion can also base itself on the other legal principles, just like the principle of subsidiarity, to build a normativity in the European Union material law, from the legislative and statutory work to the application of the sector-based policies on the European Union territory. The territorial cohesion can finally lean on the european Union institutional law and on the increasing role of the local gouvernment to make the way of a territorial solidarity taken in consideration in the model of the European integration
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Boudry, Julie. "Implantation territoriale des terramares (Italie, provinces de Parme et Plaisance, XVIIe-XIIe siècles avant notre ère) : analyses géomorphologiques et spatiales." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010722.
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Cette étude propose une synthèse sur les stratégies d'implantation des sites de la culture des Terramares selon deux axes: géomorphologique d'une part et spatial d'autre part. La culture des Terramares s'est développée, entre autres, à la suite de déplacements de populations investissant la plaine émilienne au sud du Pô et exploitant intensément ce nouvel environnement. Vers 1150 avant notre ère, soit cinq siècles après sa genèse, cette culture connaît un collapsus généralisé. L'étude des modalités d'occupation de ce territoire a pour but de mieux appréhender ces particularismes. Ce travail a ainsi montré, par la reconstitution du réseau hydrique de l'âge du Bronze, l'existence de liens étroits entre terramares et cours d'eau notamment par des détournements de torrent dans le fossé périphérique des sites. Ces aménagements sont probablement à corréler avec la mise en place de réseaux d'irrigation et de drainage. Des hypothèses ont pu être formulées quant à l'état d'activation des bourrelets alluviaux à cette période. Les analyses spatiales, elles, ont mis en évidence l'existence d'axes de circulation et d'échanges aussi bien fluviaux que terrestres. Ces derniers structurent les trois territoires individualisés. De là, des propositions d'organisation sociale ont pu être émises et des éclaircissements sur certaines pratiques rituelles et votives ont pu être apportés, dans un contexte pourtant pauvre de ce type de données. Enfin, la soudaineté des phénomènes de genèse et de déclin de cette culture a pu être relativisée.
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Baggioni, Vincent. "Tensions sur l'espace villageois contemporain : les mécanismes de prévention des conflits liés à l'implantation des parcs solaires en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0275/document.
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Alors que la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA) a connu des oppositions fortes à l’implantation de grandes infrastructures dans des espaces naturels au début des années 1990, le développement de parcs solaires depuis le milieu des années 2000 n’a pas suscité beaucoup de réactions conflictuelles. Pour expliquer ce contraste, l’auteur dresse un inventaire des projets et des acteurs impliqués dans la filière photovoltaïque, puis documente les processus d’élaboration de six projets particuliers en étant attentif à comment l’histoire politique de la commune, les transformations du peuplement et les expériences récentes d’aménagement du territoire viennent à être prises en compte par les acteurs impliqués dans la promotion des parcs solaires. L’analyse de ces matériaux met au jour un entrelacement de phénomènes localisés de réduction du risque conflictuel qui tiennent d’abord à la manière dont s’invente la déclinaison locale d’une politique publique nationale d’encadrement de ce secteur et aux phénomènes d’apprentissage qu’elle impose aux acteurs des entreprises solaires et des collectivités locales en quête de cadre réglementaire attractif et stable. Le fort développement des parcs solaires en PACA et la faible conflictualité qui l’accompagne expriment ainsi la façon par laquelle une injonction au développement durable vient à s’actualiser dans des territoires à faible densité de population : comme un compromis social conciliant le souci de patrimonialiser les espaces et le besoin d’équipements associés à l’expérience urbaine d’une partie de cette populationWhile the Provence region experienced strong opposition to the installation of large infrastructures in natural areas in the early 1990s, the development of solar plants in the mid-2000s not aroused many conflicting reactions. To explain this contrast, the author draws up an inventory of the projects and actors involved in the photovoltaic sector. Then, he documents the processes of elaboration of six particular projects, looking at the political history of the commune, the transformations of the population and the recent experiences of spatial planning are taken into account by the actors involved in the promotion of solar plants. The analysis of these materials reveals an intertwining of local phenomena of reduction conflicting risks. In first, these are the result of the local invention of the application of a national public policy of supervision of this sector and learning that is required of the actors of solar companies and local authorities in search of an attractive and stable regulatory framework. Secondly, these phenomena refer to the discussion spaces that are activated at the municipal level to adjust projects to representations of populations, whether in the office of the mayor, before the municipal council or at a public meeting. The strong development of solar plants in Provence and the low level of conflictuality observed thus express the way in which the injunction to sustainable development is actualized in territories with a low population density: as a social compromise conciliating space heritage and need for equipment due to the urban experience of part of this population
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Batista, Paulo Ricardo Lopes. "The interaction structure of e-territorial systems: territory, housing market and spatial econometrics." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/26275.
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The notion of space (abstract, mathematical), inherent to territoriality, characterizes the conventional analytical tools used in planning. However, the approach to dimensionality and geometry within these tools has been questioned. The literature review suggests the need to develop analytical mechanisms, able to relax the geometric and dimensional reference framework that has been adopted in planning decision-making tools.
The development of new spatial analysis methods, within spatial econometrics as well as other disciplines which are relevant for territorial planning, provides an opportunity to review the geometric and dimensional notions and the usually applied empirical estimation strategies.
Taken hierarchy as a fundamental feature to specify the interaction structure that describes territorial systems, a minimum analytical condition is adopted that supports a new analytical framework, free of strong geometric and dimensional constraints.
The research program presented here is based on the codification of spatio-territoriality in housing values, in addition to the relevance of housing price models themselves in territorial planning, motivating the study of the housing market in the case-study of the Aveiro-Ílhavo territorial system.
The scientific knowledge about spatial interaction structures is combined with empirical insights, from a new methodology based on simpler econometric methods. It was possible to observe that territorial interaction structures are a combination of classical geographic patterns with an unknown geometry and unknown dimensionality.
The results, framed by the theoretical discussion, support the observation of territorial restructuring processes, which arise, among other factors, from the changing role of new information and communication technologies. They also reinforce the adoption of the concept of e-Territorial (local) system to frame these new territorial structural properties.A noção de espaço (abstrato, matemático), subjacente à territorialidade, constitui a base das ferramentas analíticas convencionais, usadas em planeamento. Contudo, a dimensionalidade e geometria, subjacentes a essas ferramentas, têm vindo a ser questionadas. De facto, a revisão da literatura evidencia a necessidade de desenvolver mecanismos analíticos, capazes de relaxar os referenciais geométricos e dimensionais, adotados ao longo do processo de tomada de decisão no planeamento territorial. O recente desenvolvimento de novos métodos de análise espacial, quer no âmbito da econometria espacial, quer noutras disciplinas de suporte ao planeamento, constitui uma oportunidade de rever as assunções geométricas e dimensionais adotadas, bem como as respetivas estratégias de análise das estruturas territoriais que lhe estão subjacentes. Assumindo a hierarquia como uma propriedade fundamental na organização das interações dos sistemas territoriais, considera-se esta como uma condição mínima analítica, a partir do qual se propõe um novo referencial de estimação, mais liberto das condicionantes geométrica e dimensionais usuais. Neste contexto, assumindo que as propriedades espácio – territoriais são codificadas no valor habitação bem como a relevância do tema no planeamento territorial, adota-se o mercado de habitação no sistema territorial de Aveiro – Ílhavo enquanto caso de estudo. Cruzando as sugestões da literatura científica com os resultados de uma metodologia, de base econométrica, aplicada nestes contextos, observa-se que as estruturas de interação territorial fundem os padrões geográficos expectáveis (dos modelos clássicos) com um conjunto de relações de geometria e dimensionalidade desconhecida. De facto, tendo presente o quadro teórico que aponta para a reestruturação territorial como um elemento transformador associado às novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação, as evidências encontradas vêm reforçar a perceção teórica de que se encontram a despoletar os novos sistemas (locais) e-Territoriais.
Programa Doutoral em E-Planeamento
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Raham, Djamel. "Les Structures Spatiales de l'Est Algérien. Les maillages territoriaux, urbains et routiers." Phd thesis, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288867.
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L'analyse régionale est une investigation délicate puisqu'une région est un ensemble hétéroclite et complexe d'invariants et de paramètres, visibles ou invisibles, mobiles ou inertes, en relation continue et interdépendante. Cerner toutes les composantes spatiales d'une région donnée est presque du domaine de l'impossible; seulement, il faut que les facteurs pris en considération soient essentiels et déterminants et permettent donc de mettre en relief les principaux écarts et décalages qui caractérisent une région quelconque.C'est ainsi que l'objectif qui a déterminé la démarche de notre étude a été d'essayer de dépeindre la configuration spatiale antérieure et actuelle de l'Algérie à travers sa partie orientale qui est "l'Est Algérien". Pour tenter d'y parvenir, nous avons pris en considération trois types de maillages qui sont les territoires (wilayas et communes), le réseau urbain (toute taille confondue) et le réseau des voies de communication avec la trame routière et le réseau ferroviaire. Pour chaque type de réseau (territoires, réseau urbain et voies de communication), il a été à chaque fois nécessaire de présenter son évolution depuis presque l'antiquité, d'étudier sa configuration actuelle puis de la confronter avec des modèles théoriques en utilisant des outils d'analyse et d'investigation mis au point dans ce contexte.
Il ressort cependant que quel que soit le réseau ou le maillage pris en considération, l'Est Algérien s'est toujours montré comme un exemple typique d'un espace qui présente des formes opposées identifiables quelle que soit la méthode d'analyse utilisée. Il en résulte ainsi que la région, c'est à dire l'Est Algérien, est dominée par deux systèmes spatiaux dualistes :
+ un système classique traditionnel caractérisant les régions périphériques (partie occidentale du Tell, sud des Hautes Plaines ou la Steppe, les Nememcha, la région du Hodna et l'Atlas Saharien) qui accusent souvent des retards et des décalages négatifs dans tous les domaines;
+ un système spatial hérité légué principalement par le pouvoir colonial et qui se présente globalement comme une région polarisée linéairement le long des principales voies de communication en reliant les villes les plus importantes.
Il s'agit en fait du modèle de la région anisotropique qui se présente sous la forme d'une succession de sous-régions polarisées autour de grands centres urbains et bien connectés par les voies de communication suivant un axe préferentiel. De part et d'autre de ce premier système hérité subsistent des sous-systèmes spatiaux marginaux.
Books on the topic "Territorial (spatial) structure"
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Damen, Mario, and Kim Overlaet, eds. Constructing and Representing Territory in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726139.
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In recent political and constitutional history, scholars seldom specify how and why they use the concept of territory. In research on state formation processes and nation building, for instance, the term mostly designates an enclosed geographical area ruled by a central government. Inspired by ideas from political geographers, this book explores the layered and constantly changing meanings of territory in late medieval and early modern Europe before cartography and state formation turned boundaries and territories into more fixed (but still changeable) geographical entities. Its central thesis is that analysing the notion of territory in a premodern setting involves analysing territorial practices: practices that relate people and power to space(s). The book not only examines the construction and spatial structure of premodern territories but also explores their perception and representation through the use of a broad range of sources: from administrative texts to maps, from stained glass windows to chronicles.
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Packevich, Alla. Model of the settlement system of the future. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/997136.
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The textbook is devoted to the issues of understanding the laws in the evolution of human consciousness and the formation of a pyramid of human values. For this purpose, the study analyzes the periodization of spatial structures and attempts to reproduce the logic of the process of consciousness development. The place of man in the system of cosmic evolution, the understanding of the process of transition from passive and unconscious human participation in evolution to active and conscious are comprehended. Brief information about the principles of the formation of the structure of space and the organization of systems of populated places is presented.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of all forms of education of educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher education in the field of training "Architecture" , as well as for all those interested in the problems of territorial development.
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Saiz, Francisco Javier Marcos. La Prehistoria Reciente del entorno de la Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, España):: Catálogo de sitios del VI al II milenio cal. BC, análisis tecno-tipológico de las industrias líticas y cerámicas, y organización funcional del poblamiento. BAR International Series 2798. Oxford (England, U.K.): British Archaeological Reports, 2016.
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Sáiz, Francisco Javier Marcos. La Sierra de Atapuerca y el Valle del Arlanzón. Patrones de asentamiento prehistóricos. Burgos (Spain): Editorial Dossoles, 2006.
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Armstrong, Joshua. Maps and Territories. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786942012.001.0001.
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The rapidity of postwar globalization and the structural changes it has brought to both social and spatial aspects of everyday life have meant, in France as elsewhere, the destabilizing of senses of place, identity, and belonging, as once familiar, local environments are increasingly de-localized and made porous to global trends and planetary preoccupations. Maps and Territories identifies such preoccupations as a fundamental underlying impetus for the contemporary French novel. Indeed, like France itself, the protagonists of its best fiction are constantly called upon to renegotiate their identity in order to maintain any sense of belonging within the troubled territories they call home. Maps and Territories reads today’s French novel for how it re-maps such territories, and for how it positions its protagonists vis-à-vis the spatial crisis of globalized capitalism. It uncovers previously unseen affinities amongst—and offers original perspectives on—a diverse set of authors: namely, Michel Houellebecq, Chloé Delaume, Lydie Salvayre, Jean-Philippe Toussaint, Virginie Despentes, Philippe Vasset, Jean Rolin, and Marie Darrieussecq. In the process, it sets the literary works into dialogue with a range of influential theorists of postmodernity and globalization, including Paul Virilio, Marc Augé, Peter Sloterdijk, Bruno Latour, Fredric Jameson, Edward Casey, David Harvey, and Ursula K. Heise.
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Hong, Yu. Driving Capitalism to Western China. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040917.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 introduces the ICT-dominant export-processing economy from the perspective of western fringe areas and outlines its historical trajectory, spatial features, and new territorial units in western China. After explaining why western China missed the growth opportunity bestowed by the opening-up policy from the outset, the chapter examines the post-2008 measures of westward industrial relocation, with Intel Sichuan and Foxconn Chongqing as two case studies, focusing on the dynamics between state policy and transnational capital. It argues that this new trend of spatial rebalancing is likely to disperse and even deepen the structural crisis emanating from cross-border production that sustains today’s labor exploitation and electronic consumerism at once.
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Johnston, Ron. Geography and International Studies: The Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.199.
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The discipline of geography is built around four key concepts—environment, place, space, and scale—that form a matrix for exploring and appreciating many aspects of contemporary society. The environment is the ultimate source of human sustenance; people have created places to realize that potential; and a spatial structure—nodes, routes, surfaces and bounded territories—has been erected within which human interactions are organised.The relationships between human societies and their environments—now very much changed from their pre-human “natural” state—involve competition for and conflicts over resources, of increasing intensity. Resolution of all but the smallest scale of those conflicts requires a body that is independent of the actors involved and can ensure that agreements are reached and then implemented. Such a body is the state, a territorially bounded apparatus that, through the operation of territoriality strategies, can ensure conflict resolution among its citizenry and thereby resolve environmental problems.Many of those problems—the most severe being global climate change resulting from anthropomorphically induced global warming—are not contained, and cannot be contained, within an individual state’s territory, however. Tackling them requires inter-state co-operation, at a global scale, but the absence of a super-national body with the power to require actions by individual states is a major constraint to problem resolution.
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Tir, Jaroslav, and Johannes Karreth. The Logic of Institutional Influence: Conceptual and Methodological Implications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699512.003.0005.
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This chapter further probes the finding that countries belonging to a larger number of highly structured (IGOs) face a significantly lower risk that an emerging low-level armed conflict on their territories will escalate to full-scale civil war. Various empirical approaches show that the finding is robust. For example, we establish that the finding holds when we account for (a) the determinants of memberships in highly structured IGOs (i.e. endogeneity concerns); (b) mediations and interventions; (c) natural resources; (d) government-rebel relative power; and (e) spatial, temporal, and transnational trends. Further, (f) we isolate highly structured IGOs’ use of costs and benefits as the key drivers of our finding, (g) establish that nonescalated conflicts end in settlements, as opposed to one side simply defeating the other militarily, and (h) use Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to demonstrate the added value of accounting for highly structured IGO memberships in analyses of conflict escalation patterns.
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Parkin, Jack. Money Code Space. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515075.001.0001.
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Newly emerging cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology present a challenging research problem in the field of digital politics and economics. Bitcoin—the first widely implemented cryptocurrency and blockchain architecture—seemingly separates itself from the existing territorial boundedness of nation-state money via a process of algorithmic decentralisation. Proponents declare that the utilisation of cryptography to advance financial transactions will disrupt the modern centralised structures by which capitalist economies are currently organised: corporations, governments, commercial banks, and central banks. Allegedly, software can create a more stable and democratic global economy; a world free from hierarchy and control. In Money Code Space, Jack Parkin debunks these utopian claims by approaching distributed ledger technologies as a spatial and social problem where power forms unevenly across their networks. First-hand accounts of online communities, open-source software governance, infrastructural hardware operations, and Silicon Valley start-up culture are used to ground understandings of cryptocurrencies in the “real world.” Consequently, Parkin demonstrates how Bitcoin and other blockchains are produced across a multitude of tessellated spaces from which certain stakeholders exercise considerable amounts of power over their networks. While money, code, and space are certainly transformed by distributed ledgers, algorithmic decentralisation is rendered inherently paradoxical because it is predicated upon centralised actors, practices, and forces.
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Beck, Joachim, Jürgen Stember, and Andreas Lasar, eds. Gleichwertigkeit der Lebensverhältnisse. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748923411.
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The debate on the equality of living conditions is on the agenda not only in Germany but throughout Europe. Thematic and/or functional aspects such as centre-periphery models, demographic change, consequences of digitisation, financing aspects, innovation aspects, regional funding - Europe of the Regions, regional funds, always also raise to the structural question of how to maintain the efficiency of public administration in all regions of Europe and Germany. What challenges for the design and performance of public administration and services of general interest arise in the context of increasing social, economic and spatial segregation, and what practical answers are possible, was the topic of the 3rd conference of the Practice and Research Network of German Universities for the Public Sector, which took place on 6 and 7 February 2020 at the University of Applied Sciences in Osnabrück. The anthology presents contributions by 35 authors on the topics "European Dimension", "Territorial, technical and social innovations" and "People and work". With contributions by Hans Adam, Barbara Bartels-Leipold, Kay Bonde, Cathrin Chevalier, Saskia Ehlers, Svenja Gödecke, Arnim Goldbach, Patricia Gozalbez Cantó, Prof. Dr. Johanna Groß, Dr. Norbert Jochens, Dr. Wolfram Karg, Frank Kupferschmidt, Joachim Lippott, Rainer Lisowski, Dr. Anne Melzer, Robert Müller-Török, Martina Röhrich, Prof. Dr. iur. Christoph Schewe, M.E.S. (Salamanca), Henning Schimpf, Andreas Schmid, Katrin Stegemann, Lisa Stegemann, Christiane Trüe, Dirk Villányi and Dr. Frank Vogel.
Book chapters on the topic "Territorial (spatial) structure"
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Wassenhoven, Louis C. "Government, Territorial Organization and Decision Structures." In The Ancestry of Regional Spatial Planning, 109–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96995-4_5.
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Ng, Mee Kam, Yuk Tai Lau, Huiwei Chen, and Sylvia He. "Dual Land Regime, Income Inequalities and Multifaceted Socio-Economic and Spatial Segregation in Hong Kong." In The Urban Book Series, 113–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_6.
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AbstractHong Kong has a dual land regime in the urban and rural territories. The urban areas on both sides of Victoria Harbour (8.8% of land, excluding Country Parks on Hong Kong Island) and new towns (about 15.3% of land) house over 90% of the city’s population (about 7.5 million) with an extremely high population density of about 26,000 per km2. After deducting Country Parks and Special Areas (about 40% of land), the rest of the rural New Territories (traditional settlements leased by the British Government in 1898 for 99 years) constitutes about 35% of land, but houses 5.5% of all residents with a substantially lower population density of about 1,000 per km2. China’s Open Door Policy since 1978 has led to economic restructuring in Hong Kong, changing its occupational structure, intensifying income inequality, and leading to socio-economic and spatial segregation. Whilst the affluent classes continue to concentrate in traditionally central locations in urban areas, or in luxurious residential enclaves in rural New Territories, the less well-off tend to be marginalised and live in remote new towns or rural New Territories. The latter is also a result of a skewed power relationship between the government and the property sector in directing spatial development that breeds a hegemonic (dis)course and regime of urban-biased and property-dominant development, sustaining the government’s coffer through a high land price policy.
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Drilling, Matthias, Hannah Grove, Byron Ioannou, and Thibauld Moulaert. "Towards a Structural Embeddedness of Space in the Framework of the Social Exclusion of Older People." In International Perspectives on Aging, 193–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_15.
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AbstractCombating social exclusion of older adults is a key objective of European social policy. But from the beginning of the debate, social exclusion has mainly been interpreted as arising from economic circumstances. Doubts have been raised as to whether this narrow focus contributes to solving the problems identified. In particular, spatial aspects come to the fore, highlighting the fact that exclusion always happens in a specific place. However, spatial exclusion is often reduced to a territorial concept of ‘where’ the exclusion takes place. – but it is simplistic to state that everything happens in a space. The aim of this chapter is twofold. First, it presents a theoretical model, developed during and through the ROSEnet COST Action. The model integrates dimensions of age, space and exclusion in one perspective – the ASE Triangle. Second, this chapter explores the potential of the ASE Triangle to enhance our understanding of two specific European case studies of older people’s exclusion, in Greater Dublin – Ireland, and Nicosia – Cyprus. By ‘upgrading space’ as a theory-led idea we contribute to and challenge existing (human) gerontological theory of space. Similar to the exploration of a relational vision of space, our model does not only consider “experience” of space exclusion, but offers the possibility to simultaneously encompass it in societal processes.
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Chibiliova, Valentina Petrovna, and Anton Aleksandrovich Chibiliov. "Karkasnyi podkhod v izuchenii prostranstvennoi struktury territorii." In Развитие науки и образования, 194–201. Publishing house Sreda, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-21597.
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The study of existent spatial structures and processes evoked by them is accompanied with the study of structure features of a territory where they function and develop. The framework approach applied in studying and constructing a spatial territory structure can be considered as a way of nature use management and as a strategy of territorial planning of a cultural landscape in an old cultured region, which let to support a balance between conservation and use of natural resources. Sustainable development of a territory depends on the knowledge sufficiency of natural, social and economical processes in the region.
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Blanco, Luis Armando, Fabio Fernando Moscoso Duran, and Julián Marcel Libreros. "Competitiveness and Polycentrism for SMEs in Bogotá Region, Colombia." In Handbook of Research on Increasing the Competitiveness of SMEs, 54–79. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9425-3.ch003.
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This chapter studies the dynamics of Bogotá Region based on the New Economic Geography and the recent works on economic development in two big dimensions: the economic and the spatial structure; that is, productivity and polycentrism. The central thesis, supported on an econometric exercise for SMEs in 20 cities in Bogotá-Sabana region, is that with greater strength in the interior of Bogotá and less in the city region, a transition from monocentrism to functional polycentrism is consolidating. Krugman's Edge Cities model concludes that polycentrism comes from a process of spontaneous self-organization and produces a territorial order according to the mysterious ZIP law and consistent with efficiency, equity, and sustainability.
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Káposzta, József, Krisztián Ritter, and Henrietta Nagy. "Local Economic Development in Transition Economies." In Foreign Direct Investments, 522–39. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch022.
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There are significant inequalities in development both within and over the borders of countries, in addition, urban and rural areas show significant differences in the level of development. The reason for the occurrence of spatial discrepancies is that the economic and social processes are always restructured in space and time and such processes are even accelerated by the globalization. In order to get precise and realistic picture about territorial processes, it is worth to learn the spatial processes that have already happened as well as their impacts on the spatial structure, since these may enable the regions to break out from the disadvantaged situation. In such a multivariable system, the development strategies need to be built on the endogenous potentials and own strengths of the regions. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the importance of local values and local conditions in the sustainable rural development, thus emphasizing the importance of localization in long-term progress. The chapter puts emphasis on the characteristics and features of transition countries.
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Káposzta, József, Krisztián Ritter, and Henrietta Nagy. "Local Economic Development in Transition Economies." In Global Perspectives on Trade Integration and Economies in Transition, 281–98. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0451-1.ch014.
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There are significant inequalities in development both within and over the borders of countries, in addition, urban and rural areas show significant differences in the level of development. The reason for the occurrence of spatial discrepancies is that the economic and social processes are always restructured in space and time and such processes are even accelerated by the globalization. In order to get precise and realistic picture about territorial processes, it is worth to learn the spatial processes that have already happened as well as their impacts on the spatial structure, since these may enable the regions to break out from the disadvantaged situation. In such a multivariable system, the development strategies need to be built on the endogenous potentials and own strengths of the regions. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the importance of local values and local conditions in the sustainable rural development, thus emphasizing the importance of localization in long-term progress. The chapter puts emphasis on the characteristics and features of transition countries.
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Laurini, Robert. "Nature of Geographic Knowledge Bases." In Environmental Information Systems, 94–125. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch005.
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In many domains such as environmental and urban planning, experts need to make reasoning and propose solutions. However marketed GIS software products are limited to store, display geographic information together with additional tools such as in spatial analysis, but they do not offer users the real functionalities which are useful for territorial intelligence. This first step is to propose novel models to represent this kind of knowledge needing not only to integrate geographic aspects, but also be independent of data acquisition technologies (satellite images, laser, crowdsourcing, etc.) and able to be used in different languages. After the definitions of geographic ontologies (to organize geographic feature vocabulary) and gazetteers (to structure toponyms in various languages), various examples will be presented in order to extract geographic semantics. A special attention will be devoted to geographic rules.
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Laurini, Robert. "Nature of Geographic Knowledge Bases." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 29–60. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0937-0.ch002.
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In many domains such as environmental and urban planning, experts need to make reasoning and propose solutions. However marketed GIS software products are limited to store, display geographic information together with additional tools such as in spatial analysis, but they do not offer users the real functionalities which are useful for territorial intelligence. This first step is to propose novel models to represent this kind of knowledge needing not only to integrate geographic aspects, but also be independent of data acquisition technologies (satellite images, laser, crowdsourcing, etc.) and able to be used in different languages. After the definitions of geographic ontologies (to organize geographic feature vocabulary) and gazetteers (to structure toponyms in various languages), various examples will be presented in order to extract geographic semantics. A special attention will be devoted to geographic rules.
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Havstad, Kris M., and Laura F. Huenneke. "Grazing Livestock Management in an Arid Ecosystem." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0017.
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The history of livestock grazing in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico is a relatively recent story, but one of profound implications. For four centuries this region has supported a rangeland livestock industry— initially sheep (Ovis aries), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), and cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), but primarily beef cattle for the past 130 years. Throughout this brief history of a domesticated ruminant in an ecosystem without a significant presence of large hoofed mammals as part of its evolutionary development, the livestock industry has continually grappled with high degrees of temporal and spatial variation in forage production. Management of this consumptive use, whether during Spanish, Mexican, U.S. territorial, U.S. federal, or New Mexican governments, has constantly reaffirmed the need for grazing management to be flexible and responsive to the stress of droughts. The history of anecdotal experiences has been more recently augmented by scientific investigations first initiated in 1915. This chapter outlines the general history of livestock in this region, defining characteristics of herbivory in arid lands, and principles of grazing management derived from nearly a century of studies on grazing by large domesticated herbivores. Seventeen ships carried 1,200 people and enough cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs to colonize northern Hispaniola during Columbus’s second voyage in 1493. Livestock originating from the Andalusian Plain of southern Spain were loaded aboard ship at the southern port of Cádiz and the Canary Islands before making the 22- day voyage (Rouse 1977). It was not until 1521 that Gregorio Villalobos unloaded livestock in New Spain (Mexico) near Tampico; the actual number of cattle and their origin are disputed. Rouse (1977) claimed that 50 calves were transported to the mainland from either Cuba or Hispaniola, whereas Peplow (1958) and Wellman (1954) claimed 6 animals arrived from Hispaniola. Irrespective of the initial numbers, livestock were soon moved north from the Mexico City area during the early sixteenth century with both missionaries and resource extraction industries as retired military officers and Spanish nobility built a mining- and grazing-based economy throughout the region of present-day northern Mexico.
Conference papers on the topic "Territorial (spatial) structure"
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OGRYZEK, Marek. "AFFORESTATION IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME AND ITS ROLE IN CHANGING LAND USE STRUCTURE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.048.
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The paper deals with EU financial support mechanisms for agricultural holdings (in terms of spatial differentiation) and includes the issues related to a range of activities within the Rural Development Plan/Programme [Polish: PROW] which were conducted between 2002 and 2004 (Rural Development Plan) and between 2007 and 2010 (Rural Development Programme 2007–2013) and with regard to the organisation and technological development of agriculture, i.e. afforestation. The research demonstrated serious territorial differences in the amount and structure of European funds acquired by agricultural holdings in poviats located in the Warmińsko- Mazurskie voivodeship. Two indices were used in the study: poviat activity (comparison of the number of applications submitted) and absorption of funds in agricultural holdings (comparison of the number of payments made) which were considered together as a composite index of EU fund utilisation, whereby the funds acquired in the periods of 2004–2006 and 2007–2010 were treated separately. A holistic analysis was also carried out and it included the entirety of European Programme Measures, with special attention paid to the differences between spatial patterns observed between 2004 and 2010 per 1 ha of forest. Additionally, a co-relation between poviat activity, payments made and forest land area was analysed. The study included also the relationship between the absorption index and the forest land area. It has been shown that the Common Agricultural Policy [Polish: WPR] instruments dedicated for pro-ecological agricultural activities in poviats of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship – mostly with regard to afforestation – contribute to spatial changes in the land use structure.
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Baklanov, P. I. "ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ: СООТНОШЕНИЕ ПОНЯТИЙ И ПРОЦЕССОВ." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.32.61.001.
Full textAbstract:
Территориальная организация рассматривается как процесс определенного упорядочения социальноэкономических компонентов в пределах относительно небольших компактных территорий. При этом необходимо охватывать формирующиеся взаимосвязи, как между отдельными социальными и экономическими компонентами, так и их сопряжения с природноресурсной средой территории. Первичным уровнем территориальной организации следует рассматривать территорию отдельного поселения с поясом его природноресурсного окружения. На этом уровне реализуется и первая стадия пространственного развития как качественноколичественных приращений в определенных пространственных структурах и их звеньях. На этом уровне могут использоваться экономические, социальные, экологические и эстетические критерии качества территориальной организации. Следующими уровнями анализа пространственного развития необходимо выделять дробный, мезорайонный и макрорегиональный с соответствующим ростом обобщений характеристик территориальной организации и пространственных структур. Для каждого из этих уровней целесообразно выделять и оценивать различные характеристики и свойства в направлении их конкретизации к дробным районам. На последнем необходимы выделение и оценки пространственных структур природопользования. Связующим структурным звеном между локальными уровнями анализа поселениями и районными предлагается выделять территориальные социальноэкономические системы (ТСЭС) в виде сочетания поселений, связанных непосредственными транспортными связями с некоторым одним, центральным поселением. В эту систему необходимо включение всех непосредственно связанных с ее компонентами пространственных структур природопользования, в том числе землепользование, лесопользование, водопользование и др. На районных уровнях пространственное развитие происходит в виде качественноколичественных приращений районных пространственных структур с их обобщенными характеристиками и границами. Анализ пространственного развития на этих уровнях осуществляется на основе интегрального районирования и оценок районных структур и межрайонных связей, и отношений. В целом представляется целесообразным территориальную организацию выделять и рассматривать лишь на уровне компактных территорий до уровня отдельных поселений с их природноресурсным окружением. Как более общий процесс пространственное развитие. Territorial organization is considered here as a process of a certain ordering of socioeconomic components within comparatively small compact territories. At the same time, it is necessary to embrace the emerging relationships, both between separate social economic components and their conjugations with the natural resource environment. A separate territory of a settlement with a belt of its natural resource surroundings should be considered as the primary level of the territorial organization. At this level, the first stage of spatial development is also realized as qualitativequantitative increments in certain spatial structures and its links. At this level, economic, social, environmental and aesthetic criteria of the quality of the territorial organization can be used. The next levels of spatial development should be defined as fractional, mesoregional, and macroregional ones, with a corresponding increase in generalizations of the characteristics of the territorial organization and spatial structures. For each of these levels, it is advisable to identify and assess various characteristics and properties towards their specification to fractional areas. The latter level requires identifying and assessing of spatial structures of nature management. The linking structural link between local levels of analysis, settlements and districts, is proposed to consider as the territorial socioeconomic systems (TSES) in the form of a combination of settlements tied by direct transport links with a certain central settlement. This system should include all spatial structures of nature management directly tied with its components, including land use, forest use, water use, etc. At levels of districts, the spatial development occurs in the form of qualitative and quantitative increments of regional spatial structures with their generalized characteristics and boundaries. The analysis of spatial development at these levels is carried out on the basis of integral zoning and assessments of district structures and interdistrict links and relations. In general, it seems appropriate to allocate and consider the territorial organization only at the level of compact territories, to the level of separate settlements with their natural resource environment. The spatial development is considered here as a more general process.
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Baklanov, P. I. "ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ: СООТНОШЕНИЕ ПОНЯТИЙ И ПРОЦЕССОВ." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33833/tig.2019.32.61.001.
Full textAbstract:
Территориальная организация рассматривается как процесс определенного упорядочения социальноэкономических компонентов в пределах относительно небольших компактных территорий. При этом необходимо охватывать формирующиеся взаимосвязи, как между отдельными социальными и экономическими компонентами, так и их сопряжения с природноресурсной средой территории. Первичным уровнем территориальной организации следует рассматривать территорию отдельного поселения с поясом его природноресурсного окружения. На этом уровне реализуется и первая стадия пространственного развития как качественноколичественных приращений в определенных пространственных структурах и их звеньях. На этом уровне могут использоваться экономические, социальные, экологические и эстетические критерии качества территориальной организации. Следующими уровнями анализа пространственного развития необходимо выделять дробный, мезорайонный и макрорегиональный с соответствующим ростом обобщений характеристик территориальной организации и пространственных структур. Для каждого из этих уровней целесообразно выделять и оценивать различные характеристики и свойства в направлении их конкретизации к дробным районам. На последнем необходимы выделение и оценки пространственных структур природопользования. Связующим структурным звеном между локальными уровнями анализа поселениями и районными предлагается выделять территориальные социальноэкономические системы (ТСЭС) в виде сочетания поселений, связанных непосредственными транспортными связями с некоторым одним, центральным поселением. В эту систему необходимо включение всех непосредственно связанных с ее компонентами пространственных структур природопользования, в том числе землепользование, лесопользование, водопользование и др. На районных уровнях пространственное развитие происходит в виде качественноколичественных приращений районных пространственных структур с их обобщенными характеристиками и границами. Анализ пространственного развития на этих уровнях осуществляется на основе интегрального районирования и оценок районных структур и межрайонных связей, и отношений. В целом представляется целесообразным территориальную организацию выделять и рассматривать лишь на уровне компактных территорий до уровня отдельных поселений с их природноресурсным окружением. Как более общий процесс пространственное развитие. Territorial organization is considered here as a process of a certain ordering of socioeconomic components within comparatively small compact territories. At the same time, it is necessary to embrace the emerging relationships, both between separate social economic components and their conjugations with the natural resource environment. A separate territory of a settlement with a belt of its natural resource surroundings should be considered as the primary level of the territorial organization. At this level, the first stage of spatial development is also realized as qualitativequantitative increments in certain spatial structures and its links. At this level, economic, social, environmental and aesthetic criteria of the quality of the territorial organization can be used. The next levels of spatial development should be defined as fractional, mesoregional, and macroregional ones, with a corresponding increase in generalizations of the characteristics of the territorial organization and spatial structures. For each of these levels, it is advisable to identify and assess various characteristics and properties towards their specification to fractional areas. The latter level requires identifying and assessing of spatial structures of nature management. The linking structural link between local levels of analysis, settlements and districts, is proposed to consider as the territorial socioeconomic systems (TSES) in the form of a combination of settlements tied by direct transport links with a certain central settlement. This system should include all spatial structures of nature management directly tied with its components, including land use, forest use, water use, etc. At levels of districts, the spatial development occurs in the form of qualitative and quantitative increments of regional spatial structures with their generalized characteristics and boundaries. The analysis of spatial development at these levels is carried out on the basis of integral zoning and assessments of district structures and interdistrict links and relations. In general, it seems appropriate to allocate and consider the territorial organization only at the level of compact territories, to the level of separate settlements with their natural resource environment. The spatial development is considered here as a more general process.
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Gonzalez, Madalen. "Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6077.
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Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain).Madalen González Bereziartua¹ ¹ Área de Urbanismo, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de San Sebastián, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV-EHU). Plaza Oñati, 2. 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián. E-mail: madalen@gmail.com. Tel. Num: 943015907 Keywords (3-5): Urban centrality, global exposure, territory of Gipuzkoa, spatial patterns Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology, territorial scale The present study deals with the changes generated in the last decades by the increasing globalization in order to discern its influence on the urban structure of Gipuzkoa. The incidence of globalization in the processes of urban transformation is perceived, on the one hand, in the tendency towards the concentration of economic activities and, on the other, in the stimulus received by the local level and by the specialization, as generators of urban concentration. The urban forms that have arisen in this territory as a result of the global exposure present a varied typology as a consequence of the multiple scopes and scales in which they have been developed. Far from pretending to cover them all, the present study analyses a sample of urban processes and effects that have taken place in the territory of Gipuzkoa in the last decades, such as: science and technology parks, specialized networks around local products, processes of museification of industrial and rural environments, or expansion of the tourism services network. The study of these processes will attend both to their particular urban manifestation and to their territorial incidence, through the use of diverse sources and techniques to obtain a map in which they can be studied together. The resulting map of the sum of the different indicators will reveal characteristic spatial patterns of this centrality associated to the effect exercised by the sphere of the global over the local. References (100 words) Ascher, F. (2001), Los Nuevos Principios del Urbanismo (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2004). Castells, M. and Hall, P. (1994), Tecnópolis del mundo: la formación de los complejos industriales del siglo XXI (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2001). Ramos Truchero, G. (2013), “Alimentación e identidad territorial en la producción de queso Idiazabal”, Lurralde: investigación y espacio 36, 15-30. Sassen, S. (1991), La ciudad global: Nueva York, Londres, Tokio (Eudeba, Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1999). Valenzuela Rubio, M. (2003), “Turismo y Patrimonio Utilitario. El discreto encanto de las actividades decadentes”, in Valenzuela Rubio, M. (ed.) Un mundo por descubrir en el siglo XXI, (Real Sociedad Geográfica, Madrid) 401-437.
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Anichin, Vladislav, Aleksandr Zhelyabovskiy, Natalia Yakovenko, and Galina Khudobina. "Improving Interaction Between Public Authorities and Business Structures in the Region." In 3rd International Conference Spatial Development of Territories (SDT 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210710.052.
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Baboyan, Khachatur. "Improved Approach to Behavioral Theory for Predicting the Preferred Capital Structure in Commercial Organizations in the Regions of Armenia." In 3rd International Conference Spatial Development of Territories (SDT 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210710.013.
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Occhiuto, Rita. "Resistance & Permanence of Green Urban Systems in the Globalization Age." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6328.
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Rita Occhiuto Faculté d’Architecture. Université de Liège, ULG. 1, Rue Courtois 4000 Liège (BE) Tél. +3242217900 e-mail : r.occhiuto@ulg.ac.be Keywords: public space, park system, green and water infrastructure, morphological green writings, landscape memory The rapid transformation and the trivialization of landscapes in Wallonia (BE), require reformulating tools and objectives of morphological studies. Built fabrics and landscapes show the effects of abandoning or losing interest in the interrelations between natural and human actions. This contribution focuses on studies of cities and territories that have ceased to be the object of spatial policies attentive to the relationship between the need to live, maintain or care for green or natural spaces. After the systematic reduction of urban environments to simple green covers, morphological reading allows the recognition of traces of park systems or green infrastructures, whose communities often do not remember. The research's focus has shifted from the building to the green space structure. This displacement of interest makes it possible to find commons cultures that have acted on the territory of Liège (industrial city) on the one hand, through the building’s extension and on the other hand, through the project of forests, walks, squares, parks and public gardens. Now, these fragmented places become the main resource for reorganizing natural and human systems in order to offer new - social and spatial - coherence for tomorrow. Thus the historical green systems become a strong structuring link which serves to seek new dialectics of balance between existing fabrics and green systems. This system’s regeneration stands, on the one hand, to the hybridization of materials - water, green and buildings - and, on the other hand, to the physical and mental memory of the inhabited environments that populations keep. Green systems impose themselves as powerful vectors for the construction of new socio-spatial balances of cities and territories of globalization, as in the study case for the landscape systems in Liège and for the water and landscapes infrastructure in Chaudfontaine.References Foxley, A. (2010), Distance & engagement. Walking, thinking and making landscape. Vogt landscape architects, Lars Müller Publishers Cronon,W., Coll., Uncommon ground. Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. W.W.Norton & Company New York/London McHarg, I.(1969), Design with Nature, 1th, New York Spirn, A.W. (1994), The granite garden. Urban Nature and Human Design, ed. Basic Book Ravagnati, C. (2012), L’invenzione del Territorio. L’atlante inedito di Saverio Muratori, ed. Franco Angeli, Milano
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Deltoro, Julia, Carmen Blasco Sánchez, and Francisco Martínez Pérez. "Evolution of the Urban Form in the British New Towns." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6484.
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Even if the urban experience of the British New Towns, created after the New Towns Act of 1945 as a solution to the problems derived from the superpopulation of great cities such as London, is already far in time it can still offer us some lessons. Lessons which could help us when intervening in current process of development and transformation of the urban form. This article analyses these experiences from its morphology, studying their formal characteristics and the organization of the several uses of the city, as well as the diachronic evolution of their criteria of spatial composition. The First New Towns mainly followed the characteristics stated in the Reith Report [HMSO, 1946 a] and the consequent New Towns Act [HMSO, 1946 b], which defined the scale of the new cities, their uses and zoning, location, areas, distances, social structure or landscape among other. Their urban forms evolved with time and were the result of many strategic and design decisions taken which determined and transformed their spatial and physical profiles. According to the Town and Country Planning Association [TCPA, 2014] New Towns can be classified in three Marks as for their chronology and the laws that helped to create them. But if we focus in their urban form, we can find another classification by Ali Madani-Pour, [1993] who divides them into four design phases, which give answer to different social needs and mobility. The analysis of the essential characteristics and strategies of each of the phases of the New Towns, applied to the configuration of the urban form of some of the New Towns, the ones which gather better the approach in each of the phases, will allow us to make a propositional diagnose of their different forms of development, the advances and setbacks; a comparative analysis of different aspects such as mobility and zoning, local and territorial relations, structure or composition. The conclusions of the article pretend to recognize the contributions, which come from their urban form and have them as a reference for new urban interventions in the current context, with new challenges to be faced from the integral definition of the city. References DCLG. (2006). Transferable Lessons from the New Towns. (http://www.futurecommunities.net/files/images/Transferable_lessons_from_new_towns_0.pdf.) Accessed: 14 january 2015. Gaborit, P. (2010). European New Towns: Image, Identities, Future Perspectives. (PIE-Peter Lang SA., Brussels) HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Committee. (1946 a). Final Report of the New Towns Committee. London HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Act. (1946 b). London Madani-Pour, Ali. (1993). `Urban Design in the British New Towns´. Open House International, vol. 18. TCPA. (2014). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 1: An Introduction to the UK’s New Towns and Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=1bcdbbe3-f4c9-49b4-892e-2d85b5be6b87). TCPA. (2015). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 2: Lessons for Delivering a New Generation of Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=62a09e12-6a24-4de3-973f-f4062e561e0a)
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Wir-Konas, Agnieszka, and Kyung Wook Seo. "Between territories: Incremental changes to the domestic spatial interface between private and public domains." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6061.
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Between territories: Incremental changes to the domestic spatial interface between private and public domains. Agnieszka Wir-Konas¹, Kyung Wook Seo¹ ¹Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle City Campus, 2 Ellison Pl, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST. E-mail: agnieszka.wir-konas@northumbria.ac.uk, kyung.seo@northumbria.ac.uk Keywords (3-5): building-street interface, incremental change, micro-morphology, private-public boundary, territory Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space In this paper we investigate incremental changes to the relationship between private and public territory on the micro-morphological scale of the residential building-street interface. The building-street interface lies on the edge between two distinctively different spatial domains, the house and the street, and provides a buffer which may be adjusted to aid the transition from private to public territory. The structure of the space impacts both domains: it provides a fit transition from the private dwelling to the public territory, creates a space for probabilistic encounters between inhabitants and strangers, and maintains the liveability of the public street. The aim of this paper is threefold: Firstly, we recognise morphological differences in the structure of the interfaces and the way the transition from private to public territory was envisioned and designed in different societal periods. Secondly, we study incremental changes to the interface, representing individual adjustments to the private-public boundary, in order to recognize common types of adaptations to the existing structure of the interface. The history of changes to each individual building and building-street interface was traced by analysing planning applications and enforcements publicly provided by the city council. Lastly, we compare the capacity of each building-street interface to accommodate incremental change to the public-private transition. We argue that studying the incremental change of the interface and the capacity of each interface to accommodate micro-scale transformations aids in the understanding of the complex social relationship between an individual and a collective in the urban environment. References (180 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers) 27, iii-122. Gehl, J. (1986) ‘Soft edges in residential streets’. Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 3(2), 89-192 Gehl, J. (2013) Cities for People (Island Press, Washington DC). Habraken, N. J. and Teicher, J. (2000) The structure of the ordinary: form and control in the built environment (MIT press, Cambridge). Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (1984) The Social Logic of Space (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Jacobs, J. (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Middlesex: Penguin, Harmondsworth). Lawrence, R. J. (1987) Housing, dwellings and homes: Design theory, research and practice (John Wiley, Chichester). Palaiologou, G., Griffiths, S., and Vaughan, L. (2016), ‘Reclaiming the virtual community for spatial cultures: Functional generality and cultural specificity at the interface of building and street’. Journal of Space Syntax 7(1), 25-54. Whitehand, J. W. R. and Morton, N. J. and Carr, C. M. H. (1999) ‘Urban Morphogenesis at the Microscale: How Houses Change’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 26(4), 503-515.
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Fini, Giulia. "Clusters of specialised activities and peri-urban spaces in Bologna metropolitan cities." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mvdn1509.
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In the framework of a broader disciplinary debate (regarding the urban regions’ peri-urban areas and the fragmented and discontinuous dimension of the contemporary territory), the contribution presents a design exploration focusing on the definition of the new guidelines for the functional poles’ territorial agreements in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy. The experience has been developed in connection with the new city’s PTM - Metropolitan Territorial Plan. In this specific context, the functional poles represent the large service structures and settlement on a metropolitan scale, elements at the core of the previous polycentric strategy, linked to railway infrastructures and with the aim of controlled growth. In the process for the new guideline’s definition, a “tester” - composed by a general scheme, guidelines of interventions and a wide range of references - was developed. The need to introduce new elements for the design of the metropolitan poles, in addition to the traditional ones, was strongly indicated and developed. The new guidelines elements are connected to the issues of habitability, regeneration, spatial and functional articulation. In particular, they focus on new forms of mobility’s, connections and paths within the territory, internal structures’ articulation, and poles’ open spaces qualification.