Academic literature on the topic 'Terrorism [Anti-Terrorism, counterterrorism]'
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Journal articles on the topic "Terrorism [Anti-Terrorism, counterterrorism]"
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Radovanović, Marko. "Modeling a unit for the fight against terrorism on the territory of the Republic of Serbia." Megatrend revija 17, no. 3 (2020): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2003097r.
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The fight against terrorism is one of the most important factors that has an impact on both international and regional security and the security of the Republic of Serbia. Due to the expansion of terrorism in the world, it is necessary to establish effective mechanisms for protection against terrorism and terrorist activities. The establishment of anti-terrorist and counter-terrorist units and their modernization are key factors in the fight against terrorism. The paper analyzes the theoretical foundations of the elite antiterrorist units of the leading countries of the world, and the counterterrorism units of the Republic of Serbia. Using the AHP method in support of choosing the most effective counterterrorism unit, the conclusion was reached about the most effective counterterrorism unit in order to model an effective counterterrorism unit in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and modernize existing anti-terrorist units. Comparative analysis was carried out on the basis of criteria such as the number of members of the unit, the number of modular units, the type and level of weapons and military equipment used by counterterrorism units, the duration of selective training for entering a special unit, the duration of the training cycle of members of the unit and the average age of members of the unit. The result of this research can be implemented in anti-terrorist units in Serbia, in order to increase the efficiency of the anti-terrorist unit in the fight against terrorism. In the end, the modeling of one type of counterterrorism unit was carried out, which with its organizational-formation structure and equipment could successfully counter terrorism on the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
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Krutov, Vasyl, and Valentyna Fornolyak. "System of Anti-terrorism Actors, their Legal-Administrative Status." Information Security of the Person, Society and State, no. 26 (2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2019-2-7.
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The article states that one of the most important problems in Ukraine in current conditions is the fight against terrorism. Counterterrorism actors are involved in countering this extremely dangerous phenomenon. The system of counterterrorism actors is a set of entities defined at the level of legislation that interact with each other in order to prevent, detect, suppress and minimize the consequences of terrorist activities. The author points out that improving the activities of these actors involves not only improving their organizational structure in order to increase mobility and flexibility in responding to changes in the dynamics of terrorism, but also strengthening the ties and interaction of relevant departments involved in anti-terrorism activities. Along with this, it is noted that civil society institutions should be involved in countering terrorism. The paper also suggests directions for improving the antiterrorist system of Ukraine. Key words: anti-terrorism actors, system of anti-terrorism actors, the President of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, Anti-terror Center of the Security Service of Ukraine.
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Balestrini, Pierre Philippe. "Counterterrorism Evaluation and Citizens: More Than about Policing?" Social Sciences 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080298.
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The police force is one of the few institutions still trusted by the public today. Yet, whilst the recent waves of terrorism have “stimulated” academic activity on the determinants of public fear of terrorism, much less academic effort has been focused on measuring and assessing the effectiveness of anti-terrorism strategies. The present article makes some contributions towards addressing this gap by investigating what shapes public attitudes towards the effectiveness of terrorism policing. Using Eurobarometer data, our results demonstrate that objective national economic, societal and political indicators do not tend to influence popular opinion on the effectiveness of the police in dealing with terrorism. They also show that individuals’ perceptions about the national socio-economic situation are better predictors of public opinion on terrorism policing than individuals’ financial and social positions or levels of education. The influence of these perceptions on public attitudes towards the effectiveness of counterterrorism seems to be more potent than the one on public fear of terrorism found in the extant literature. The implications of these findings are then considered.
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Aleshin, V. V. "Counterterrorism meassures: application of international law and the law of the Russian Federation." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2019-4-79-90.
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INTRODUCTION. Effective implementation of antiterrorist interstate cooperation is impossible without the creation of an appropriate legal framework. By concluding international treaties, States agree to accept obligations that define the scope of their activities in the areas of cooperation. Moreover, sometimes the necessity arises for emergency antiterrorist response which brings about the application of other than treaty mechanisms like bilateral and multilateral commitments. It seems necessary to pay attention to certain legal mechanisms provided by the UN anti-terrorist treaties, in particular, in the context of the situation in Syria, and some conceptual changes in Russian counter-terrorism legislation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article uses treaties, national legislation and doctrinal research. The authors rely on various methods to reach their conclusions, among which treaty interpretation is most frequently used.RESEARCH RESULTS. In the article the author shows different mechanisms and spheres of modern cooperation in counter-terrorism and their ineffectiveness owing to political interests of some states. Special attention is paid to legality of actions of the USA and allies in Syria and criminal liability of members of international terrorist organizations.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In this article the authors draw attention to disadvantages of international legal regulation of anti-terrorist cooperation. The article concludes that refusal of compliance with international law in the sphere of counter-terrorism brings about negative consequences for maintenance of international peace and security.
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Kibret, Zelalem. "The Terrorism of ‘Counterterrorism’: The Use and Abuse of Anti-Terrorism Law, The Case of Ethiopia." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 13 (May 31, 2017): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n13p504.
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Since its enactment on July 2009, Ethiopia’s anti-terrorism proclamation was/is at the very center of almost every political discourse in the nation. Many dissidents fall into its trap and by day its effect is becoming more far-reaching and resonating. The widely written provisions of the law make it susceptible to misapplication and prone to abuse. Whilst the state is staunchly firing back to the detractors of the law and its mis(application), however, it doubled down its implementation by every new day. This paper, after examining one hundred twenty three terrorism charges against nearly one thousand individuals―in a sixty-six months period of time―concludes that: Ethiopia’s anti-terrorism law is a colossal failure for counterterrorism, which only exemplifies how not to counter terrorism.
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Malfait, Milka. "The Russia-EU perspective: national security and counterterrorism from a different angle." Journal of Law and Administration 15, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-1-50-69-75.
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Introduction: Statistics have proven that both the European Union (“EU”) and the Russian Federation (“Russia”) suffer from terrorism in its current form. Intensifying partnerships to combat terrorism would be a good idea. This essay envisages to illustrate a common base for cooperation in the fight against terrorism despite of some general differences in policy and structure between the EU and Russia.Materials and methods: The methodological basis of the research has both an analytical and descriptive nature. As for the analytical nature, statistical, qualitative and comparative analyses were used while researching political phenomena and processes in the sphere of national security and counterterrorism. The author also applied the inductive method. The materials observed include the distinct approaches of Russia and the EU in terms of threats to national security including terrorism.Results: The author reveals there are four fundamental issues which ask for more attention in the EU-Russia dialogue on Freedom, Justice and Security and particularly with regard to the fight against terrorism. Firstly, statistics prove that Europe (EU and Russia) are impacted by modern terrorism, yet not by the same cases of terrorism. Secondly, Russia’s experience in counterterrorism is crucial. Thirdly, the scale ‘freedom’ and ‘human rights’ versus ‘security’ has not the same ratio in the EU and in Russia. Fourthly, the concept sovereignty is differently interpreted by the EU, the EU Member States and Russia. Despite all the differences in views, it is clear that the EU could learn a lot from Russia, as one of the key States with considerable experience in the fight against terrorism. Although the EU and Russia face different forms and problems and the roots of Western European terrorism sometimes have a slightly different origin, this does not negate the fact that they could foster cooperation.Discussion and conclusion: The governmental approaches of the EU and Russia on national security were discussed as well as the common grounds for cooperation, namely the threat of terrorism. It is proved that both systems have different features and are not always compatible with each other. The following recommendation of setting up an anti-terrorism working group was provided as well as the advice to eliminate the political distrust.
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Zhang, Xun, Min Jin, Jingying Fu, Mengmeng Hao, Chongchong Yu, and Xiaolan Xie. "On the Risk Assessment of Terrorist Attacks Coupled with Multi-Source Factors." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090354.
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Terrorism has wreaked havoc on today’s society and people. The discovery of the regularity of terrorist attacks is of great significance to the global counterterrorism strategy. In this study, we improve the traditional location recommendation algorithm coupled with multi-source factors and spatial characteristics. We used the data of terrorist attacks in Southeast Asia from 1970 to 2016, and comprehensively considered 17 influencing factors, including socioeconomic and natural resource factors. The improved recommendation algorithm is used to build a spatial risk assessment model of terrorist attacks, and the effectiveness is tested. The model trained in this study is tested with precision, recall, and F-Measure. The results show that, when the threshold is 0.4, the precision is as high as 88%, and the F-Measure is the highest. We assess the spatial risk of the terrorist attacks in Southeast Asia through experiments. It can be seen that the southernmost part of the Indochina peninsula and the Philippines are high-risk areas and that the medium-risk and high-risk areas are mainly distributed in the coastal areas. Therefore, future anti-terrorism measures should pay more attention to these areas.
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Omenma, J. Tochukwu, and Moses Onyango. "African Union Counterterrorism Frameworks and Implementation Trends among Member States of the East African Community." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 76, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928419901197.
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Attacks from violent extremist organisations have reached unprecedented levels in Africa. Boko Haram, al-Shabaab, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and Islamic State and Sinai Peninsula activities account for the majority of high attacks and fatality rates. Their membership cuts across national borders; some have established a presence in local communities, while others are controlling territories in a number of states. This continues to happen despite regional measures such as the Algiers Plan of Action on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism (2002) and the African Model Anti-Terrorism Law (2011) to contain the activities of violent extremist groups on the continent. The prevailing argument shows that the African Union has initiated several legislations and protocols to contain terrorism on the continent, but the Union lacks the capacity to enforce legislations. Relying on the cost–benefit theoretical explication, we conclude that member states of the East African Community prefer to partner with external organisations in counterterrorism programmes which result in conflicting cross-border rules and challenges in countering violent extremism in Africa.
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Orlov, Yurii, Andrii Yashchenko, and Yurii Danylchenko. "ETHNO-RELIGIOUS TERRORISM: ESSENCE, DIMENSIONS, CONCEPT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-244-251.
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The objective of the article is to identify, describe, and explain the essence of terrorism as a general civilizational criminal phenomenon, the characteristics of dimensions of its reproduction and the formation of its concept on this basis. The results of the study provided the grounds for several conclusions. First, ethno-religious terrorism is manifested as a cultural phenomenon, a special segment of the inhumane discourse of hostility and aggressive social practices. It appears as a reaction to the systemic planetary crisis of managing economics, culture, consumption of natural resources, and becomes possible in the result of the massive loss of identity, fragmentation of the world-view. Secondly, we have established that the specified type of terrorism is a segment of aggressive and violent crime, in the collective and psychological basis of which there is the religious and ideological and/or ethnic domination in the systems of socio-political practice, which is achieved through intimidation as a result of committed murders, destruction or damage to property, objects of nature and offenses of a preventive nature (financial, human resources, information, and other provision). Thirdly, ethno-religious terrorism exists within three dimensions: individual (the act of sacrifice, catharsis), group (integration, social orientation) and general (administrative practice, political criminal activity, the postmodern phenomenon of the culture). The applied value of the study is that the suggested vision of the nature and dimensions of ethno-religious terrorism can be used to improve the systemic principles of counteracting its reproduction. The latter should be reflected in the improvement of the provisions of the United Nations Global Counterterrorism Strategy through the consolidation of a coherent, coordinated system of level differentiation of anti-terrorist activities’ directions and measures. We note that without changing the basic approaches within the cultural, political, and economic aspects of the interaction of nations and peoples of the world with regard to their diversity and parity, proper autonomy, without stopping the global tendency towards marginalization, it is impossible to effectively counteract to ethno-religious terrorism. Value/originality. The new vision of a complex, multidimensional nature of ethno-religious terrorism has been formed in the work. Its nature is grounded as a civilizational phenomenon reflected on the level of discourse, mass social practices, global managerial strategies. It forms an empirically grounded theoretical basis for increasing the effectiveness of counteracting ethno-religious terrorism in Europe and the world in the whole.
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Lee, Man jong. "Recommendations for the Development of COUNTERTERRORISM Policy in KOREA: Evaluation on Anti-Terrorism Act." J-Institute 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/military.2016.1.2.01.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Terrorism [Anti-Terrorism, counterterrorism]"
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McPherson, Jared L. "Indefinite Detention as a Democratic Counterterrorism Policy." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1416091531.
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Ravimandalam, Seethalakshmi. "Newspaper and News Magazine Coverage of the USA PATRIOT Act Before It Was Passed Into Law, September 11, 2001—October 26, 2001." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108391742.
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Latimer, William Scott. "What can the United States learn from India to counter terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FLatimer.pdf.
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Kehl, Jones Mariel. "Direito penal (anti)terrorista: limites operativos para sua incriminação." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4865.
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JONES MARIEL KEHL_.pdf: 967232 bytes, checksum: dac034e48d5761d990e65358e6f01077 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T10:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JONES MARIEL KEHL_.pdf: 967232 bytes, checksum: dac034e48d5761d990e65358e6f01077 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-04
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Da análise da situação experimentada nos Estados democráticos de Direito após os atentados terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001, ocorrido nos Estados Unidos, verifica-se a adoção de uma série de medidas legislativas e executivas voltadas à luta contra tal criminalidade. As legislações antiterror normalmente inserem-se no contexto do denominado Direito Penal do inimigo, em que se pretende a exclusão do delinquente da sociedade. Entretanto, é preciso encontrar limites operativos da definição de terrorismo de modo a permitir sua incriminação no marco das sociedades democráticas. Para tanto, por meio de uma abordagem fenomenológica, enquanto revisão crítica dos temas centrais transmitidos pela tradição filosófica através da linguagem, adota-se o método monográfico e, enquanto técnica de pesquisa, a documentação indireta, notadamente pesquisa bibliográfica espanhola e norte-americana, bem como análise de propostas legislativas e de textos legislativos, a fim de verificar a situação brasileira sobre o tema. Com isso, analisando o conteúdo do injusto de tal criminalidade, observa-se o ataque a bens jurídicos concretos protegidos pelos crimes comuns, à paz pública e as vias democráticas de tomada de decisões políticas. Assim, o método terrorista deve ter a intimidação massiva como forma de comissão, com violência reiterada e indiscriminada, a comissão de crimes gravíssimos como modo de execução e caráter armado enquanto meio utilizado. Para lograr êxito no ataque aos bens jurídicos, a conduta terrorista deverá ser executada por uma organização, imbuída de uma finalidade política, no sentido de impor uma determinada regulação à margem dos mecanismos democráticos de tomada de decisão política estabelecidos. A partir disso, o método terrorista serve como limite horizontal para a tipificação da conduta, ao passo que a estrutura organizativa serve como limite vertical e, por fim, o elemento teleológico, como limite transversal.
Analyzing the situation experienced in the law of democratic States after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, occurred in the United States, there is the adoption of a series of legislative and executive measures aimed at combating such crime. The anti-terror laws usually falls within the context of the enemy called Criminal Law, according to which it is intended the exclusion of the offender from society. However, it's necessary find operating limits of the definition of terrorism to allow incrimination in the context of democratic societies. Therefore, through a phenomenological approach, while critical review of the central themes transmitted by philosophical tradition through language, it was adopted the monographic method, while technical research, the indirect documentation, notably Spanish literature and American, and analysis of legislative proposals and legislation in order to verify the Brazilian situation on the topic. Thus, analyzing the content of the unjust in such crime, there was the attack on concrete legal rights protected by common crimes, public peace and democratic process of political decision-making. Thus, the terrorist method must have the massive intimidation as a form of commission, with repeated and indiscriminate violence, the commission very serious crimes as a way of implementation and armed character as a means used. To bring about the attack on the legal interests, the terrorist conduct must be performed by an organization, which must have political purpose, to impose a particular setting the margins of democratic mechanisms established political decision-making. From this, the terrorist method serves as a horizontal limit for its characterization, while the organizational structure serves as a vertical limit and, finally, the teleological element, such as transverse edge.
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Mak, Chin-ho, and 麥展豪. "The policy impacts of international institutions: a case study of the anti-money laundering and counterterrorism financing regime in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46774890.
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Reid, Bianca. "Les assassinats ciblés, facette méconnue de la guerre israélo-palestinienne." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12400.
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L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’analyser les impacts et l’efficacité de la politique
d’assassinats ciblés d’Israël dans le cadre du conflit israélo-palestinien. Pour ce faire, trois angles d’approches sont utilisés; militaire, légale et politique.
Pour cette raison, l’hypothèse de départ soutient que la politique compromet la
résolution du conflit et se divise en trois sections. Tout d’abord, les assassinats ciblés nuisent au
règlement du conflit car ils engendrent un cycle de représailles contre Israël. Deuxièmement, ils représentent une violation du droit international ainsi que du droit national israélien. Finalement, ils sont un sérieux obstacle à la résolution politique du conflit dû au climat de violence et de méfiance qu’ils instaurent.
Dans la conclusion, il est retenu que, bien que la politique d’assassinats ciblés ne soit pas efficace pour lutter contre les organisations terroristes, elle n’engendre cependant pas d’effet contreproductif de cycle de violence. Dans un second temps, la politique va à l’encontre de lois internationales mais elle peut cependant être justifiée par certains articles issus de ces mêmes textes alors que la Cour suprême israélienne a reconnu que certaines opérations pouvaient
s’avérées légales. Troisièmement, elle nuit bel et bien à la résolution politique du conflit israélopalestinien
en exacerbant les tensions de par le climat qu’elle instaure. Finalement, les nombreux
impacts de celle-ci sur le conflit n’en font pas une politique efficace.This goal of this thesis is to analyse the impact and effectiveness of the Israeli targeted killing policy within the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. To this end, three different approaches will be used; military, legal and political. Our hypothesis supports that the policy impedes the resolution to the conflict and is divided into three sections. First of all, Israeli targeted killings impede the conflict resolution because they, in turn, generate retaliations against Israel. Secondly it is a clear violation of international rights, including those of the Israelis. Finally, the policy is a serious obstacle to the settlement of the conflict due to the violent and distrustful atmosphere it arouses. In the conclusion, it is said that, although the policy does not prove to be an effective measure to fight terrorism, neither does it create an escalating cycle of violence. Secondly, the policy is a violation of the international legal system; however it can still be justified by some of the articles present in the same law texts. The Israeli Supreme Court has ruled that some of the operations could be legal. Thirdly, it is effectively detrimental to the resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict because the ambiance it creates exacerbates tensions. In conclusion, the myriad of impacts the policy has on the conflict make it ineffective.
Books on the topic "Terrorism [Anti-Terrorism, counterterrorism]"
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Administration proposal for counterterrorism assistance for Central America: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, November 5 and 19, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign. The Central American Counterterrorism Act of 1985: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, October 24 and November 19, 1985. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign. The Central American Counterterrorism Act of 1985: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, October 24 and November 19, 1985. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
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Byman, Daniel. Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190217259.001.0001.
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On the morning of September 11, 2001, the entire world was introduced to Al Qaeda and its enigmatic leader, Osama bin Laden. But the organization that changed the face of terrorism forever and unleashed a whirlwind of counterterrorism activity and two major wars had been on the scene long before that eventful morning. In Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know, Daniel L. Byman, an eminent scholar of Middle East terrorism and international security who served on the 9/11 Commission, provides a sharp and concise overview of Al Qaeda, from its humble origins in the mountains of Afghanistan to the present, explaining its perseverance and adaptation since 9/11 and the limits of U.S. and allied counterterrorism efforts. The organization that would come to be known as Al Qaeda traces its roots to the anti-Soviet jihad in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Founded as the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, Al Qaeda achieved a degree of international notoriety with a series of spectacular attacks in the 1990s; however, it was the dramatic assaults on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 9/11 that truly launched Al Qaeda onto the global stage. The attacks endowed the organization with world-historical importance and provoked an overwhelming counterattack by the United States and other western countries. Within a year of 9/11, the core of Al Qaeda had been chased out of Afghanistan and into a variety of refuges across the Muslim world. Splinter groups and franchised offshoots were active in the 2000s in countries like Pakistan, Iraq, and Yemen, but by early 2011, after more than a decade of relentless counterterrorism efforts by the United States and other Western military and intelligence services, most felt that Al Qaeda's moment had passed. With the death of Osama bin Laden in May of that year, many predicted that Al Qaeda was in its death throes. Shockingly, Al Qaeda has staged a remarkable comeback in the last few years. In almost every conflict in the Muslim world, from portions of the Xanjing region in northwest China to the African subcontinent, Al Qaeda franchises or like-minded groups have played a role. Al Qaeda's extreme Salafist ideology continues to appeal to radicalized Sunni Muslims throughout the world, and it has successfully altered its organizational structure so that it can both weather America's enduring full-spectrum assault and tailor its message to specific audiences. Authoritative and highly readable, Byman's account offers readers insightful and penetrating answers to the fundamental questions about Al Qaeda: who they are, where they came from, where they're going-and, perhaps most critically-what we can do about it.
Book chapters on the topic "Terrorism [Anti-Terrorism, counterterrorism]"
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Walker, Clive. "Anti-terrorism laws." In Routledge Handbook Of Terrorism And Counterterrorism, 406–15. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315744636-35.
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Barton, Mary S. "Counterterrorism in British India." In Counterterrorism Between the Wars, 129–51. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864042.003.0006.
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On the night of April 18, 1930, some 100 armed revolutionaries calling themselves the “Indian Republican Army” mobilized in Chittagong, a seaport city in East Bengal near the Burmese border, just prior to launching multiple raids on British colonial sites. The Chittagong Armory Raid of 1930, modelled after the 1916 Irish Easter Rising, sparked a renewed period of terrorist activity in India, along with the increasing involvement of female revolutionaries as assassins. The British Government of India responded with a multipronged approach to counterterrorism that included the pursuit of another international treaty to control gun-running, stricter anti-terrorism legislation, and the ability to arrest and detain militants indefinitely. Whitehall disagreed with the anti-terrorism policies promoted by Delhi policymakers, especially the creation of a vast detention camp system to imprison alleged terrorists, as it embarrassed them internationally and legitimized Gandhi in the eyes of Indians and Britons.
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Barton, Mary S. "Intelligence, Empire, and Terror." In Counterterrorism Between the Wars, 42–71. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864042.003.0003.
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The passage to India of small arms, which often accompanied revolutionary ideas, was central to London’s concerns about the proliferation of arms prior to and after the 1919 Arms Traffic Convention. The British government attempted to combat political violence using tools developed during the Great War. Officials in London identified the province of Bengal in British India as the center of several terrorist networks. British counterterrorism strategy in India relied on three parts: arms controls, passport restrictions, and domestic anti-terrorism legislation. Intelligence memoranda warned of danger from the Communist International’s efforts to move funds, weapons, and foreign fighters into Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Persia, and Iraq, with an eye toward the penetration of India. Reports shaped the policy recommendations of the newly-established Inter-Departmental Committee on Eastern Unrest (IDCEU). However, as colonial administrators learned following the Rowlatt Act, domestic anti-terrorism legislation would be revoked were Indian and London politicians to find it oppressive.
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Bail, Christopher. "The Return of the Repressed in the Policy Process." In Terrified. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159423.003.0006.
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This chapter explains how anti-Muslim organizations leveraged their newfound media influence to cast mainstream Muslim organizations as terrorist sympathizers before U.S. policy makers. Though mainstream Muslim organizations once enjoyed private audiences with the Bush administration, the chapter explains how anti-Muslim organizations succeeded in excluding them from much of the construction of U.S. counterterrorism policy. It also explains how anti-Muslim organizations contributed to the abrupt increase in anti-Muslim rhetoric within the Republican Party during the 2008 presidential election, and provoked legislators in thirty-two states to introduce bills that would prevent the use of Islamic law within U.S. courts several years later. Finally, the chapter describes the influence of anti-Muslim organizations upon the training of federal and local counterterrorism terrorism agents and police forces.
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Vedaschi, Arianna. "The Multilevel Governance of Emergency in Counterterrorism." In 9/11 and the Rise of Global Anti-Terrorism Law, 107–30. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009023146.007.
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Krebs, Shiri. "Predictive Technologies and Opaque Epistemology in Counterterrorism Decision-Making." In 9/11 and the Rise of Global Anti-Terrorism Law, 199–221. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009023146.011.
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Aoláin, Fionnuala Ní. "The Ever-Expanding Legislative Supremacy of the Security Council in Counterterrorism." In 9/11 and the Rise of Global Anti-Terrorism Law, 34–55. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009023146.004.
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"Anti- and Counterterrorism in the News." In Terrorism and Counterterrorism, 307–20. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315662619-25.
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Abbas, Tahir. "Islamophobia as New Racism." In Islamophobia and Radicalisation, 57–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083410.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
A historical process of framing Muslims negatively within popular discourses in society during imperialism and colonialism reveals how the emergence of Orientalism and the birth and eventual dominance of neoliberal capitalism had coincided. In the current period, both mainstream and social media continue to disseminate negative views on Islam and Muslims - transmitted through the 24-hour new cycle – which is heightened by an emphasis on extremism, radicalization and terrorism. These concerns reflect the unease felt about matters related to security and counterterrorism, and reinforce the notion that Muslims en masse are somehow antithetical to the norms and values of all of society. A populist politics of division has forced through the ideas of ethnic nationalism, which have come to define this anti-Muslim moment. The confluence of far right normalization in media, and Islamophobia propagated through the news cycles, has real-world implications – from attacks on people and property. In exploring the Danish Cartoons Affair of 2006, which had a global impact on Muslim-non-Muslim relations and perceptions, and the localized nature of anti-Pakistani sentiment in a popular BBC television sitcom, Citizen Khan, there is a discussion of the local and global being bound in framing Muslims.