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Journal articles on the topic 'Terrorism – Pakistan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Rafique, Naila. "COUNTERING MEASURES OF TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research 2, no. 02 (2019): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37605/pjhssr.2.2.6.

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Terrorism and sectarian violence has started since the creation of the Pakistan. Terrorism is the deliberate use of unlawful force or violence to achieve goal that is political or ideological nature. Special Anti-terrorist courts enforce the Anti-terrorism laws of the Pakistan and system nominates organizations and people consisted with terrorism. Different factors are responsible to make Anti-Terrorism law. A number of extremist challenges faced by Pakistan that are ethnic and religious groups. The Pakistan government established committees to encourage sectarian harmony and religious toleran

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Nizami, Asad Tamizuddin, Tariq Mahmood Hassan, Sadia Yasir, Mowaddat Hussain Rana, and Fareed Aslam Minhas. "Terrorism in Pakistan: the psychosocial context and why it matters." BJPsych International 15, no. 1 (2018): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.9.

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Terrorism is often construed as a well-thought-out, extreme form of violence to perceived injustices. The after effects of terrorism are usually reported without understanding the underlying psychological and social determinants of the terrorist act. Since ‘9/11’ Pakistan has been at the epicentre of both terrorism and the war against it. This special paper helps to explain the psychosocial perspective of terrorism in Pakistan that leads to violent radicalisation. It identifies the terrorist acts in the background of Pakistan's history, current geopolitical and social scenario. The findings ma

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Adam Saud and Azhar Ahmad. "Terrorism and Transnational Groups in Pakistan: A Case Study of Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan." Strategic Studies 38, no. 4 (2019): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.04.00132.

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Pakistan has severely been affected by extremism and terrorism for a couple of decades. Much of this terrorism is an outcome of transnational terrorist groups, which are harbouring mostly in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 9/11 and the consequent global war on terrorism has put Pakistan at the forefront of global anti-terrorism efforts. In Afghanistan, the Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) forced some of the transnational Islamists groups, including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU,) to take sanctuary in the Federally Administered Tribal Region (FATA) of Pakistan. In order to survive in a ‘for

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Sadaf, Bashir. "Social And Security Impacts Of 'Waronterror' On Pakistan." Multicultural Education 7, no. 7 (2022): 652. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7199716.

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<em>Pakistan’s engagement in the US led ‘War on Terror’ adversely impacted its internal security landscape. In June 2014, Pakistan army launched operation Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan along Pak-Afghan border to improve internal security situation. This study assesses the socialand security impacts of militancy and terrorism on Pakistanbetween 2001 and June 2014. The study argues that Pakistan’s internal security landscape was complicated by four trends: (i) birthofnew militantorganizations and splinter groups in post 9/11 era, (ii) theriseof‘PakistaniTaliban&rsq

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Naqvi, Syeda Aleen, Muneera Moulabuksh, and Muhammad Abdulalik. "Causes, Consequences, and Countermeasures of Terrorism in Pakistan: A Sociological Analysis." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 13, no. 2 (2022): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v13i2.665.

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Terrorism tends to generate threats to the safety of common man and panic in society. These acts are beyond the preview of the law of the state. There are several types and natures e.g. political, philosophical, ideological, ethnic, religious, and others. In a wider sense, terrorism carries political motives. The perpetrators or acts of terrorism can be individuals, groups, or states. Terrorist attacks have become tragically common around the world. The majority of (82 %) terrorist attacks and deaths occurred in 5 nations, including Pakistan. South Asia is left alone as a regional frontline fi

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Usman, Muhammad, Sohail Amjad, and Muhammad Imran Khan. "Judicial Boundaries: Understanding the Scope of Military Courts in the Pakistani Legal Framework." Summer 2023 4, no. 3 (2023): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.993466398.

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In this article, we will analyze the criminal justice system of Pakistan. This article will provide insight into the system, what guarantees are provided by it, and what are the shortcomings of the system. Furthermore, we will see the role of Anti-Terrorism Courts in convicting the terrorists. In Pakistan's criminal justice system, there are several instruments to deal with terrorism. The criminal procedure code is the basic procedural law that is applied to almost all criminal proceedings. Pakistan penal code is the basic substantive law that contains the definition of the offenses and then a

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Ayaz, Muhammad. "Charting Complexities: Unearthing the Roots of Terrorism in Pakistan Using the Conflict Wheel Model." Strategic Studies 44, no. 2 (2025): 87–108. https://doi.org/10.53532/ss.044.02.00397.

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Pakistan is again faced with a surge in terrorism since 15 August 2021, when the Afghan Taliban took power in Kabul on the US exit, contrary to the pledge Afghan Taliban made in the Doha Peace Agreement of not letting terrorist groups use Afghan soil against any country. Taliban’s victory in Afghanistan injected fresh motivation into Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), unleashing new waves of violence in Pakistan. Despite having almost two decades of experience in kinetic actions against terrorist groups, law enforcement agencies still seem short of stopping the TTP from attacks at will. To iden

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Naz, Ayesha, Hafsa Jabeen, and Azra Nasir. "Interlinkages among Terrorism, Macroeconomic Instability, Political Instability, and Economic Growth in Pakistan." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 7, no. 1 (2021): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v7i1.66.

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This study attempts to establish the relationship between three types of instabilities and economic growth. Political instability, macroeconomic instability, terrorism, and economic growth are analyzed for the period of 1970 to 2019 in Pakistan. The study constructs the indices of the above-mentioned variables by adding some new variables. Results show that terrorism, political instability, macroeconomic instability, and GDP per capita have long-run associations. GDP per capita and political instability is positively related to terrorism. It indicates that political instable environment paves

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Mahmood, Tariq, Khadija Rohail, and Khalid Khan. "Cluster Analysis of Pakistani Terrorism Events to Support Counterterrorism." Societies 8, no. 4 (2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc8040127.

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The frequency of terrorist events in Pakistan has increased considerably in the past several years. These events are frequent and not random, making it important to identify useful patterns in their occurrences to assist counterterrorism organizations. In this paper, we conducted such an analytical activity for the first time in Pakistan. We acquired data of terrorist events from reliable online sources and applied data preprocessing techniques followed by cluster analysis. Based on statistical correlation, we discovered clusters over the following combinations: (1) “Event of Terrorism—Target

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10

Ahmed, Naeem. "PAKISTAN’S COUNTERTERRORISM STRATEGY: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 55, no. 2 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v55i2.79.

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This paper is an effort to critically evaluate Pakistan’s counterterrorism strategy, based on both military and non-military means. The paper argues that the counterterrorism strategy of Pakistan has proved ineffective and counter-productive to combat the homegrown threat of terrorism, unleashed by militant sectarian groups, following the Takfiri ideology. Although Pakistan’s Military claims that the latest on-going security operations, Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan and Khyber-II in Khyber Agency, have succeeded in clearing most of the area, however, the matter of fact is that the security op

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11

Leghari, Farooque Ahmed, Hussain Abbas, and Ashfaque Ali Banbhan. "Role of Diplomacy and Deterrence in Managing Pakistan-India Crisis: A Case Study of Post-Bombay Attacks Crisis." Global Regional Review V, no. III (2020): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-iii).23.

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The menace of terrorism gives another blow to Indo-Pak relations in 2008 when the terrorists hit Mumbai, one of the major economic hubs of India killing hundreds of people and creating panic for almost four days. India alleged Pakistan for its involvement in the attack. India claimed that Pakistan's territory was used against India. Pakistan rejected Indian allegation, condemned the terrorist attacks and stated that it has no involvement in the terrorist attacks. The major objective of this article is to look at the role of nuclear deterrence in averting war between India and Pakistan during 2

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Javed, Muhammad Tazeem, Muhammad Shafiq, and Moazam Ilyas. "Evaluating Impacts of Military Operations and Peace Deals in Former FATA and Swat Valley (2001–2013)." Journal of Political Stability Archive 3, no. 2 (2025): 59–75. https://doi.org/10.63468/jpsa/3.2.04.

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The 9/11 tragedy in the US changed the world's political and diplomatic agenda with a particular emphasis on South Asia. America blamed Al-Qaeda for these attacks and invaded Afghanistan. Pakistan gave logistical support to the US campaign against Al-Qaeda. American war on terrorism (WoT) in Afghanistan expanded to Pakistan's tribal areas especially in former FATA. Pakistan started military operations in the tribal region. However, during these operations, Pakistani security forces adopted soft-handed policies and halted several operations to conclude peace deals. During these deals, terrorist

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Rahman, Habibur, Ahmad Sadiq, and Sayed Attaullah Shah. "Resurgence and Response: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pakistan's Counter-Terrorism Strategies amidst Rising Terrorism Threats." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 04 (2023): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i04.1329.

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The current review paper critically examines the effectiveness of Pakistan's current counter-terrorism policies in the context of the resurgence of terrorism. This paper is based on a systematic review of the relevant themes and addresses the successes, challenges, and complexity entailed in Pakistan's counter-terrorism measures. The prolonged military campaigns have been instrumental in breaking the backbone of the terrorist group, which has led to a significant decline in the number of events and deaths. Nevertheless, there are still many questions related to the viability of these achieveme

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Farhat Mahfouz. "Role of Afghan Political Culture in the Growth of Terrorism in Pakistan." Al-Qamar 4, no. 04 (2021): 189–210. https://doi.org/10.53762/09e29e44.

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In International Politics and International Relations, it is verified that neighbouring countries always affect each other. In this article we investigated the role of Afghan political culture in the insecurity of Afghanistan as well as Pakistan. Most of the countries considered Pakistan as a sponsor of terrorism in Afghanistan. But this study analysed that Pakistan is a victim of terrorism due to the political culture of Afghanistan. Afghan people obey a set of laws called Pakhtunwali. According to one of its law, they provide shelter to anybody who requests them for it. So that some terroris

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Naz, Ayesha, Zubaria Andlib, and Azra Nasir. "Relationship among Globalization, Terrorism, and Economic Growth in Pakistan." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 1 (2022): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v8i1.118.

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The current study investigates the interconnection of globalization, terrorism, and economic growth in Pakistan over the period of 1972 to 2019. ARDL co- integration bound test is used to establish the relationship among these variables. Limited empirical evidence is available on terrorism and globalization, particularly with reference to Pakistan. The empirical evidence confirms the long-run association among globalization, terrorism, and economic growth. Growth in per capita GDP increases terrorism because higher economic growth is not evenly distributed in Pakistan, while globalization redu

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Naz, Ayesha, Zubaria Andlib, and Azra Nasir. "Relationship among Globalization, Terrorism, and Economic Growth in Pakistan." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 1 (2022): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v8i1.128.

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The current study investigates the interconnection of globalization, terrorism, and economic growth in Pakistan over the period of 1972 to 2019. ARDL co- integration bound test is used to establish the relationship among these variables. Limited empirical evidence is available on terrorism and globalization, particularly with reference to Pakistan. The empirical evidence confirms the long-run association among globalization, terrorism, and economic growth. Growth in per capita GDP increases terrorism because higher economic growth is not evenly distributed in Pakistan, while globalization redu

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17

Arif, Sardar M. A. Waqar Khan, Bushra Bannan, and Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi. "Counter-Terrorism Measures and Human Rights Protection: The Case of Pakistan." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review V, no. III (2020): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(v-iii).14.

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This article focuses on counter-terrorism measures and human rights protection in Pakistan.Terrorism is a complex phenomenon having shocking effects and impacts on states and societies. Terrorists have no boundaries and violate the basic human rights of people. In this context, the people of Pakistan have faced shocking effects of terrorism after the attacks of September 11. The infrastructure of Pakistan is also damaged. While Pakistan has international legal obligations, this paper explores to what extent counter-terrorism measures are to be taken by Pakistan in order to combat terrorism. It

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18

Islam, Zahid, Mubeen Adnan, and Musharaf Ali Talpur. "Pakistan’s Counter-Terrorism Strategy with Viable Recommendations." Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 2, no. 2 (2020): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol2.iss2.45.

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Pakistan has been a victim of terrorist activities for the past two decades. No place has been left out as not only military installations, training centers of law enforcing agencies were targeted but soft belly targets like schools, hospitals, mosques, public parks, courts, hotels and restaurants were also chosen by the terrorists. Pakistan Army is a team of professionals having a mastery at their work have been fighting the menace of terrorism effectively but Army alone cannot control it to the fullest without the will and support of the general public and without a ‘hand & glove’ relati

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Gupta, Anurag. "India’s Foreign Policy Towards Pakistan: 2019-2024." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (2024): 3332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60642.

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Abstract: India's foreign policy towards Pakistan from 2019 to 2024 was characterized by a nuanced approach that balanced diplomatic engagement with assertive measures to address security concerns. India consistently emphasized the need for Pakistan to take concrete action against cross-border terrorism and terrorist infrastructure. This approach was evident in various diplomatic initiatives, such as the Kartarpur Corridor, aimed at fostering dialogue and people-to-people contacts. However, progress towards meaningful reconciliation was hindered by persistent tensions, particularly regarding t

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Prof Dr. Aftab Ahmad Malik. "The Modern Electronic and other Technologies to Combat New Wave of Terrorism and Criminal Activities." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 7, no. 3 (2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2023.0703156.

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Terrorists are using most recent technology to launch their attacks, therefore it is important for the suffering states like Pakistan to excessively practice the recent Electronic and other devices and technologies to safeguard and combat terrorism. By boosting security, intelligence, and surveillance capacities, electronic technology is essential in the fight against terrorism. The following electronic tools and systems are frequently employed to combat terrorism. In this paper we will focus on Artificial Intelligence, Biometric, Border Security Technology, Cybersecurity, Surveillance Technol

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Rao, Munir Ahmed Zia, and Rubeena Zakar. "Perspectives on Race, Gender and Power Differentials in Lived Experiences of Failed Suicide Bombers in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 04 (2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.66.

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The study documents lived experiences of failed suicide bombers in Pakistan. It describes the influence and impact of social structures like gender, geography race and ethnicity with reference to their experiencing of suicide bombing. The study also characterizes the power relations in their interactional contexts entailing in unquestioning submission and support to militant organizations. Owing to ideological charged conditions and overwhelming existence of terrorist organisation certain regions and ethnicities in Pakistan exhibit unusual inclination to suicide terrorism. The article also arg

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Kakar, Aminullah, and Hidayatullah Khan. "Economic Challenges and Terrorism in the Global Context of Pakistan." BTTN Journal 3, no. 2 (2024): 161–77. https://doi.org/10.61732/bj.v3i2.142.

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Terrorism has become an important and recurring topic in public discussion, which has created economic challenges over the last few decades and is a serious global issue. The security challenges of terrorism are international. It has challenged Westphalian articulations in the international arena and activated public policymaking across all governments. This study explores the relationship between terrorism and economic globalization in South Asia, particularly focusing on Pakistan. Indicators of economic globalization are foreign direct investment, exports, and imports as percentages of gross

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Hamza Amir Khalil Sayed. "Analysing the Resurgence of Terrorism in Pakistan: Causes and Remedies." Social Science Review Archives 3, no. 1 (2025): 300–312. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.312.

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This research article explores the ‘Resurgence of Terrorism in Pakistan’ since the withdrawal of NATO from Afghanistan and the Taliban takeover as the interim government of Afghanistan. It was widely believed that once the NATO forces were to pull back from Afghanistan, peace would prevail and bring an end to deadly waves of terrorist attacks in Pakistan, however, events took an alternate path. Pakistan has since suffered relentless attacks that caused immense agony to the general population. Facing political and economic instability, the resurgence of terrorism brought multiple challenges for

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Hussain, Nazar, and Shaukat Hussain Bhatti. "The Tightrope of Individual Liberties amid Pakistan’s Counter-Terrorism Agenda." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 5, no. 1 (2024): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v5i1.360.

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This doctrinal research article explores the nuances, pitfalls, and opportunities within this intricate landscape. This doctrinal research delves into the intricate balance between individual liberties and Pakistan's counter-terrorism agenda, navigating the complex terrain where security imperatives intersect with fundamental rights. As Pakistan grapples with persistent security threats from terrorism, its response has often entailed the implementation of stringent measures aimed at thwarting terrorist activities and ensuring public safety. However, these measures have raised concerns about th

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Mukhtar, Tahir, and Zainab Jehan. "Fiscal Response to Terrorism in Pakistan: The Role of Institutions." Journal of Quantitative Methods 5, no. 1 (2021): 154–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/2021/jqm/050107.

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This study empirically estimates the fiscal consequences of terrorism in Pakistan by using annual time series data from 1984 to 2016. By employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique, the study has gauged the impact of terrorist incidents on two important facets of fiscal policy, namely, tax revenue and defense spending. The results reveal that terrorism has detrimental ramifications for fiscal policy in Pakistan. Specifically, on the one hand, an increase in terrorist incidents tends to bring a fall in tax revenue while on the other hand, they induce a rise in defense outlays,

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Ikeke, Mark Omorovie. "Moral Cosmopolitanism and the Challenge of Global Terrorism." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2022): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.5.1.737.

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The world is bedevilled by terrorism. Of the most recent treats and challenges that the world faces there seem to be none bigger than terrorism. There is hardly a week that passes when you do not hear of terrorist attacks in one place of the order. Terrorist attacks have been perpetuated in places like Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Somalia, Yemen, and Pakistan, the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Italy and so forth. The effects and impact of terrorism are incalculable. Thousands of lives and properties have been lost to terrorism. If terrorism is not mitigated or stopped it has th

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Begum, Asma, and Maria Umer. "Pakistan Quest for security An Analysis of Internal and External Security." VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences 12, no. 3 (2024): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v12i3.1896.

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Many times, people think of terrorism as a premeditated, harsh response to perceived injustices. Unfortunately, reports on the repercussions of terrorism frequently lack a clear understanding of the psychological and societal reasons that underlie these kinds of acts. Pakistan has been at the forefront of both the global counterterrorism effort and the experience of terrorism since the events of 9/11. This essay examines the security issues that Pakistan faces as a result of terrorism, which feeds a vicious cycle of radicalization. Pakistan is suffering greatly as a result of the aftermath of

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Mahmood, Afzal, Kanwal Zahra, and Asmat Nawaz Khattak. "Vicious Triangle of Transitional, Security, Uncertainty and Poverty." Journal of Asian Development Studies 14, no. 1 (2025): 335–47. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.1.25.

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This study explores the interconnected relationship between terrorism, insecurity, and poverty in Pakistan, forming a vicious triangle that undermines economic growth and social stability. Using data from 1980 to 2010, the study demonstrates how terrorism leads to heightened uncertainty, significantly reducing foreign and domestic investments. This decline in investment, in turn, exacerbates unemployment, aggravates poverty, and fosters conditions conducive to further terrorist activities. The research highlights the negative impact of terrorism on Gross Capital Formation (GCF) and Foreign Dir

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Nadeem, Fajar. "Building Community Resilience for Countering the Lure of Extremism." Inverge Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (2023): 42–55. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v2i4.67.

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The rampant rise of violent extremist incidents across the globe poses an urgent threat to humanity requiring an immediate action. Vulnerabilities within diverse communities can serve as a critical fault line that can potentially foster extremist tendencies. This paper focuses on examining this pressing issue with specific reference to Pakistan. The study argues that although external factors contribute significantly, internal factors too, hold paramount importance in confronting the challenge of violent extremism. The paper addresses the issue of violent extremism in Pakistan, emphasizing the

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Hussain, Abid. "Pakistan on FATFs Grey List: Terrorist Financing Perspective." Global Regional Review IV, no. IV (2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iv).31.

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Pakistan is facing great challenges of terrorism which have posed serious threats towards integrity and stability of the country. It is unanimously agreed that finance serves as lifeline for execution of terrorist activities. Terrorist groups generate funds through multiple sources and transfer them by exploiting the loopholes existing in financial system. Despite, Pakistan has taken sufficient steps to counter the financing of terrorism (CFT), nonetheless, money is still transmitting due to some regulatory flaws of the financial system. Owing to terrorist financing related deficiencies, Pakis

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Marwat, Safi Ullah Khan, and Nasib Amin. "SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF TERRORISM: A CASE STUDY OF TERRORISM IN DISTRICT SWAT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 02 (2022): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.518.

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This rsearch paper is focused on the socio-psychological factors responsible for terrorism in District Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Poverty, disappointment, domestic disputes, easy access to weapons, ethnicity, regionalism, racism as well as religious extremism and interest in Jihad (Holy War) have been the main causes of terrorism in Swat. Socio-psychological values define the direction for a society. In KP generally, and its district Swat particularly, the domestic culture and environment and the war-like situation in its neighbouring Afghanistan for decades has fueled the terr

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Javed, Muhammad Tazeem, Muhammad Shafiq, and Muhammad Azhar. "A Saga of Decisive Combat of Pakistan Army in North and South Waziristan (2009- 2016)." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review VII, no. II (2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-ii).08.

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The entire security landscape of the world was altered due to the 9/11 terrorist attacks on America's World Trade Centre. After this incident, the US accused Al-Qaeda headship of the attacks. Henceforth, President Bush demanded the Afghan Taliban hand over Osama Bin Laden to the US. However, when the Taliban did not respond positively, the US attacked Afghanistan. The US also pushed Pakistan to take a U-turn on its Afghan policy; hence, President Musharraf decided to offer logistics and other relevant backing to the American force sin their operation in Afghanistan. After the defeat of the Afg

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Shah, Syed Ali Hassan, Syed Muhammad Bilal Shah, and Hassan Gulfam. "Analysis of Zarb-E-Azab in International Elite Press and Image of Pakistan." Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (2022): 131–46. https://doi.org/10.71016/hnjss/phbqqn50.

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The regime of communication prevails across the world. The country's images—negative vs. positive-- are built in the light of the coverage given in the press. The objective of this study to how the international press framed Pakistan's image and how the action taken by the state to contribute to the war against terror is perceived in the international elite press. Also, this study is an attempt to find out the difference in the image of Pakistan and any impact of this action on the image of Pakistan by the international community. Zarb-e-Azab (Z.E.A) is a military action waged against terroris

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Javed, Muhammad Tazeem, and Muhammaad Shafiq. "Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA." Global Foreign Policies Review V, no. II (2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2022(v-ii).07.

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Afghanistan's incursion by the Soviet Union in 1979 enhanced the elements of extremism informer FATA. In the post-9/11 period, tribal areas of Pakistan became a hub of militants and terrorists.Meanwhile, the role of Pakistan in the War on Terror (WoT) increased elements of terrorism and instability in the country. Many terrorist organizations like Al-Qaeda, Haqqani Network and Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan and other small terrorist groups including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) andLashkar-i-Jahangvi started terrorist activities in the shape of suicide attacks. The study attempts to exp

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Pallathadka, Harikumar, and Parag Deb Roy. "Operation Sindoor: India's Decisive and Justified Strike Against Cross-Border Terrorism." Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies 4, no. 2 (2025): 147–54. https://doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.4.2.11.

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This paper examines Operation Sindoor, India's precision counter-terrorism strike conducted today, May 7, 2025, targeting terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). The operation, launched in response to the heinous Pahalgam terror attack of April 22, 2025, represents a landmark achievement in India's counter-terrorism doctrine, demonstrating exemplary precision, rightful assertion of sovereignty, and technological excellence. By meticulously targeting only terrorist facilities while deliberately avoiding military installations, India has established a new gold s

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Khattak, Taimur, and Dr Rana Jimshaid Asghar. "Strategic Counter Measures to Terrorism and Extremism in Pakistan and Insights from Home Land Security." Inverge Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2024): 61–74. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v3i1.76.

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This research scrutinizes the challenges faced by Pakistan's law enforcement agencies in effectively countering the escalating threats of terrorism and extremism. It identifies both the manifestations and root causes of these challenges, underscoring the imperative need for a refined legislative framework. This article proposes the enactment of a "National Counter Terrorism Department Act" designed to enhance the nation's control mechanisms, curtail the surge of extremist tendencies, and uphold the rule of law. Drawing from a comparative analysis of various enforcement strategies in Pakistan,

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Samay, M. Ali. "Afghanistan and Pakistan between the US new Strategy and Eurasian Great Powers." Köz-gazdaság 15, no. 3 (2020): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/retp2020.03.14.

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One of the most intricate matters when it comes to fighting against terrorism in Afghanistan and South Asia is the perpetual conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The role of Pakistan is a central debate in all security, political and economic subjects of discussion in Afghanistan since its dawn of existence as a country. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, as the President of Afghanistan, believes his country is in a state of an undeclared war with Pakistan. The reason for this is that Pakistan plays a double-standard policy towards Afghanistan by having diplomatic relations with Kabul while actively

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Hashmat Ullah Khan and Gohar Rehman. "China’s Role in War on Terror." Central Asia 86, Summer (2020): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-86.71.

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Terrorism being the primary threat to China's national security therefore counter terrorism has turned out to be the main point of China’s domestic and foreign policy. The major terrorist threat that China faces is posed by Uyghur separatist fighters of Xinjiang. They claim and fight for a separate independent state called “East Turkistan”. The Xinjiang issue is the major anxiety and the focal point of China’s war on terror. To stop extremism and terrorism in Xinjiang China has adopted a multi-dimensional approach i.e. Strike Hard Campaign, diplomatic actions to isolate terrorists and get the

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Umme Rubab and Dr. Muhammad Hatim. "Exploring The Origin and Drivers of Terrorism in Pakistan and Counterterrorism Strategies." Social Science Review Archives 3, no. 2 (2025): 1559–66. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i2.775.

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There has been a discernible pattern to terrorist violence, with the 1990s being the most stable and the 2000s being the deadliest in terms of terrorist activities. The patterns of sectarian violence have been distinct from those of ethnic and non-sectarian religious terrorism.Pakistan has suffered greatly from terrorism, especially since 9/11, with significant losses to its infrastructure, economic, and human lives. The present status of the topic will be investigated using this analysis. Poverty, illiteracy, grievances, inequality, the judicial system, human rights abuses, official repressio

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Iqbal, Khurshid, and Niaz A. Shah. "Defining Terrorism in Pakistani Anti-Terrorism Law." Global Journal of Comparative Law 7, no. 2 (2018): 272–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00702003.

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We critically examine the definition of ‘terrorism’ in the Anti-Terrorism Act 1997 of Pakistan and as it is interpreted by the Supreme Court of Pakistan under the principle of legality in criminal and human rights law standards. 1 We conclude that the definition of terrorism under the Anti-Terrorism Act does not pass the test of the principle of legality and the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Pakistan is inconsistent confounding the situation further. We recommend that Pakistan, following the principle of legality and human rights standards, amend the current definition of terrorism as

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Muzzammil Hussain, Muhammad Hasan, Muhammad Sohaib Younas, Muhammad Akasha Shahid, and Usman Tahir. "The Role of State and Non-State Actors for Terrorism in Pakistan a Critical Analysis." Journal for Social Science Archives 3, no. 1 (2025): 1380–96. https://doi.org/10.59075/jssa.v3i1.210.

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Terrorism in Pakistan remains one of the most significant challenges, deeply impacting the nation’s social fabric, political stability, and economic development. In 2024, the regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Islamabad have emerged as critical focal points for terrorist activities, posing severe threats to public safety and governance. The country has witnessed a surge in targeted attacks, including bomb blasts, armed assaults, and suicide missions, primarily orchestrated by resurgent extremist groups. This alarming trend underscores the evolving dynamics of terrorism, demanding a thorou

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Abbas, Jauhar, Hammad Hassan Mirza, Haroon Hussain, Rana Yassir Hussain, Muhammad Saad, and Masud Akhtar. "Stock Market Reaction towards Terrorism: An Evidence Based on Seasonal Variation in Pakistan." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 3 (2021): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei3032106.

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This study examined whether the impact of terrorism events on the stock market varies based on seasonal anomalies (i.e., spring, summer, autumn, and winter). For this purpose, this study selected and obtained the data of 344 terrorist events that occurred in Pakistan and daily closing index price data of KSE 100 for the period ranging from 2008 to 2017. To fulfil the study's objective, this study applies the event day analysis by using five days window (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2) by employing the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. The findings of this

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Shahzad, Amir. "Cyber-Terrorism Law, Implementation and Ways Forward." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 3, no. 2 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2019.030232.

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This research paper is concerned with focused critical analysis of cyber terrorism laws in Pakistan. Cyberspace is now becoming a battlefield where terrorists are active on dark net and using digital tunnel for which every country of the world has to take necessary steps for global peace, in the same way Pakistan needs an effective legislation and its efficient implementation. We explore here some crucial questions regarding cyberterrorism threats, cyber terrorism laws, implementation challenges and some recommendations based on current situation as well as a slight glance on future perspectiv

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Bilal Hassan, M Sheharyar Khan and Shahzad Hussain. "Punishing Terrorists: Military Courts and Public Opinion in Pakistan." Strategic Studies 38, no. 3 (2018): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.03.00146.

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Terrorism is one of the menaces that inflicted huge human losses to the state and society of Pakistan. On December 16, 2014, the brazen attack on the Army Public School (APS) in Peshawar killed 141, including 132 children and nine members of the school staff. In reaction, on January 7, 2015, the government adopted the 21st amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, which entailed the establishment of military courts to punish the terrorists and their facilitators. This study gauges the opinion of young students towards this new counter-terrorism policy. The results suggest two outcomes: firstl

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Marc, Audi, Ahmad Sulehri Fiaz, Ali Amjad, and Al-Masri Razan. "Role of Terrorist Events in Determining Stock Returns in Pakistan: Covering Most Vibrant Era 2003-2013." Empirical Economics Letters 22, no. 7 (2023): 153–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326601.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>This study explains the relationship and significance of terrorism attacks and Pakistan Stock Exchange behavior. This study uses standard event study methodology and total of 277 terrorist events have been selected for this purpose. The first-day abnormal return, five-day cumulative abnormal return, and ten-day cumulative return were calculated for all of the events. This study finds evidence that terrorist events affect the stock market in Pakistan. But their impact is different considering the economic and political implications of these events. Terrorist events yi

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Kaukab Jamal Zuberi, Kaukab Jamal Zuberi. "Use of Cyber Space by Terrorist Organizations." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 2, no. 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2018.020111.

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Prevention of Electronic Crime Act 2016 of Pakistan, defines and include cyber terrorism as a cyber-crime. Due to its anonymity cyber space is a popular tool used by terrorists. Terrorists use cyber space to launch their propaganda, recruit new workforce, radicalize target groups, raise financing, train the new recruits or upgrade the skills of existing workforce, raise funding for their operations, establish communication infrastructure to communicate within and outside the organization and execute their operations. This article discusses the various ways cyber space is used by the terrorist

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Ashraf, Tahir, and Bushra Fatima. "Terrorism as a Major Threat to Societal Peace: The Case of Pakistan." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 7, no. 2 (2021): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v7i2.1733.

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Purpose: The central objective of this research is to look at causes behind the phenomenon of terrorism faced by Pakistan. In the contemporary era, Pakistan is facing and suffering from the destructive and gravest issue of terrorism. It has become a major problem not only for the federation as well as for the citizens of Pakistan. Terrorism has made the Pakistani society, where people do not feel secure, a society that lacks a responsible system. The factors that caused terrorism are societal despotism, economic inconsistency, political uncertainty, religious dogmatism as well as foreign inter

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Agnes Putri Eka Nurzaman and Prihandono Wibowo. "KEBIJAKAN PAKISTAN TERHADAP TEHREEK-I-TALIBAN PAKISTAN SETELAH KEMENANGAN TALIBAN DI AFGHANISTAN (2021-2022)." Journal Publicuho 7, no. 2 (2024): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v7i2.423.

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This research aims to determine Pakistan's policy towards the Pakistan Tehreek-I-Taliban after the Taliban's victory in Afghanistan (2021-2022). The type of research used is explanatory using qualitative methods. This research uses the concept of terrorism and counterterrorism theory. According to Schmid in the Handbook of Terrorism Research in 2011. In response to the increasing number of TTP terror figures in Pakistan after the Taliban's victory over Afghanistan in 2021-2022, the Pakistani government implemented two counterterrorism policies which were divided into two approaches, namely the

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Mohan, Surinder, and Josukutty C. Abraham. "Asymmetric Battleground: Terrorism and the Indo-Pakistani Protracted Conflict." Bandung 12, no. 2 (2025): 321–44. https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-12020006.

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Abstract The Indo-Pakistani conflict has been heavily influenced by cross-border terrorism, particularly after the Cold War. Pakistan initially used unconventional warfare against India during the First Kashmir War, but it was not until the mid-1980s that it fully embraced and pursued these methods in a systematic fashion. Despite India’s military superiority, Pakistan developed a strong system of state-sponsored terrorism and employed terrorism as a foreign policy tool to achieve its revisionist goals against India. In conformity with its revisionist policy, Pakistan’s unrestrained use of pro

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SAMI UR REHMAN, QAZI SIKANDAR HAYAT, and GHAYYUR QADIR. "Impact of Terrorism on KSE 100: Evidence from Karachi." Journal of Business & Tourism 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v2i1.23.

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Terrorism is a critical issue throughout the world. In Pakistan, terrorism is one of the major obstacle in the growth of economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of terrorism in Karachi on the performance of KSE 100. Overall 27 big terrorist activities are considered in four years, ranging from 2011 to 2014. The performance of Karachi stock exchange is measured from the return of KSE 100 index. Moreover, the performance of KSE 100 index against terrorism in Karachi are analyzed through event study methodology and t-test. The result of the study shows that terrorism in Karachi

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