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Journal articles on the topic 'Terrorisme international'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Penny, Christopher K. "De-Conflicting Canada’s Anti-Terrorism Legislation: Khawaja and the Ongoing Challenges of the ‘Armed Conflict’ Exclusion." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 27, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v27i2.4533.

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The definition of ‘terrorist activity’ is fundamental to Canada’s anti-terrorism legislation. Following the recent trial of Momin Khawaja before the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, it is clear that the ‘armed conflict’ exclusion – exempting wartime activities undertaken in accordance with international law – poses serious challenges to the coherence of this legislative regime, threatening the effectiveness of future domestic terrorism prosecutions. This article examines the ‘armed conflict’ exclusion and its judicial treatment in Khawaja, identifying key challenges and making specific recommendations to address them. Coupled with other issues arising from the ‘armed conflict’ exclusion, Khawaja serves to highlight a clear and pressing need for amendment of the statutory definition of ‘terrorist activity.’La définition d’ « activité terroriste » est un élément fondamental de la législation canadienne contre le terrorisme. Suite au récent procès de Momin Khawaja devant la Cour supérieure de justice de l’Ontario, il est clair que l’exclusion « conflit armé » - qui fait exemption d’activités en temps de guerre entreprises conformément au droit international – présente des défis importants à la cohérence de ce régime législatif, menaçant l’efficacité de poursuites contre le terrorisme au Canada à l’avenir. Cet article examine l’exclusion « conflit armé » et le traitement juridique que l’on en fait dans Khawaja, identifiant des défis-clés et faisant des recommandations précises pour en traiter. En conjonction avec d’autres questions que soulève l’exclusion « conflit armé », Khawaja sert à mettre en évidence un besoin clair et pressant de modification à la définition statutaire d’ « activité terroriste ».

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2

Guy, Jean-Philip. "Terrorisme international et marchés de violence." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 3 (September 2006): 698–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906279976.

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Terrorisme international et marchés de violence., Kalulambi Pongo, Martin et Landry, Tristan, Québec : Les Presses de l'Université Laval, Collection Nord-Sud, 2005, 144 p.La science politique : cette locution semble parfois prendre des allures d'oxymore. Dans le contexte actuel, la recherche et les écrits sur le terrorisme sont parfois plus politiques que scientifiques. Le problème est important : comment étudier scientifiquement, cette catégorie si polémique de “ terroriste ”? Martin Kalulambi Pongo et Tristan Landry s'intéressent pourtant au “ scientifique ” de la question. Dans Terrorisme international et marchés de violence, Kalulambi, professeur associé au département d'histoire de l'Université Nationale de Colombie à Bogota, et Landry, professionnel de recherche à l'Université Laval, tentent d'atteindre deux objectifs. Premièrement, ils dégagent des constantes dans les diverses guerres civiles à l'aide de la théorie des “ marchés de violence ”. Deuxièmement, ce qu'ils ont découvert les aide à montrer les failles tant dans l'étude de ces conflits, que dans la lutte contre-terroriste elle-même. Leur analyse démontre qu'au-delà des diverses motivations idéologiques, ces conflits perdurent grâce à une logistique rationnelle centrée sur les intérêts des acteurs en place. Les auteurs montrent en outre que ces conflits sont aussi des moteurs du terrorisme international.

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3

KABWITA, Rigobert. "DU MENAGE DU POLITIQUE, DU RELIGIEUX ET DU MILITAIRE DANS LE TERRORISME ISLAMISTE." Revue Intelligence Stratégique 01, no. 01 (July 1, 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62912/fqps4419.

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Des Esséniens aux Assassins, des Anarchistes aux Nihilistes, des mouvements vandales aux inconditionnels du Ku Klux Klan…, des groupes semant la terreur dans les sociétés anciennes et modernes ont fait du chemin et existent depuis la haute antiquité. Mais de là à trouver des organisations irréductiblement terroristes, il a fallu attendre le concours de plusieurs événements de la fin du XXe siècle accompagnant la mondialisation, tremplin de toutes formes de circulations, y compris de l’idéologie terroriste. On peut s’en douter, l’internationalisation du terrorisme islamiste se revendique d’une structuration à la fois politique, religieuse et militaire : c’est aussi à la fois un nœud gordien pour l’Occident qui serait alors sa principale cible, mais surtout un cauchemar pour les sociétés musulmanes, premières victimes d’un combat politique sur fond d’application de la charia (la loi islamique) tout en usant des moyens militaires plutôt affreux et hautement spectaculaires. Nul dans le monde actuel ne peut ignorer la fulgurance des organisations islamistes déterminées à en découdre avec les « mécréants et les infidèles » par la seule voie de leur convenance : le terrorisme international.

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4

Coombes, Karinne. "Balancing Necessity and Individual Rights in the Fight Against Transnational Terrorism: “Targeted Killings” and International Law." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 27, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v27i2.4529.

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This article explores the restraints international human rights law and international humanitarian law place on a State’s use of lethal force against suspected terrorists. Although the law restricts the ability to target suspected terrorists, it is argued that these limits should be respected in order to protect innocent civilians from undue harm. Under IHRL, it is argued that the right to life as a peremptory norm restricts extra-territorial targeted attacks of suspected terrorists. Accordingly, such action should only be considered lawful when it is necessary to protect the State’s population from a known threat and lesser force would not suffice. Under IHL, it is argued that there is no third category of “unprivileged” or “unlawful” combatants who are subject to lawful targeting for the duration of the hostilities; rather, non-State actors who participate in an armed conflict may be lawfully targeted for the duration of their participation, including an ongoing chain of hostile acts.Cet article explore les contraintes qu’imposent les lois internationales sur les droits de la personne ainsi que le droit international humanitaire à l’utilisation de force létale par un État contre des personnes soupçonnées de terrorisme. Quoique la loi limite l’habileté de cibler des personnes soupçonnées de terrorisme, on soutient que ces limites devraient être respectées afin de protéger les civils innocents contre des préjudices injustifiés. En rapport avec les LIDP, on soutient que le droit à la vie comme norme péremptoire limite les attaques extra-territoriales ciblées contre des personnes soupçonnées de terrorisme. Conséquemment, on ne devrait considérer de telles actions comme légitimes que si elles sont nécessaires pour protéger la population de l’État contre une menace connue et qu’une force moindre ne suffirait pas. En rapport avec le DIH, on soutient qu’il n’existe pas de troisième catégorie de combattants «non privilégiés» ou «illégitimes» que l’on peut cibler légitimement pendant la durée des hostilités; plutôt, les acteurs non étatiques qui participent à un conflit armé peuvent être ciblés légitimement pendant la durée de leur participation, y compris une série d’actes hostiles en cours.

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5

Fitzgerald, Gerald F. "Aviation Terrorism and the International Civil Aviation Organization." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 25 (1988): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800003180.

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SommaireL'acceptation quasi-universelle des Conventions de Tokyo, de La Haye et de Montréal constitue un élément important de la lutte contre le terrorisme aérien. L'OACI met l'accent sur la mise en oeuvre plus étendue de ces Conventions, soit par la soumission des États aux obligations prévues par leurs dispositions, soit par l'adoption et l'application de législations nationales appropriées. Le développement d'un protocole portant sur la répression des actes illicites dans les aéroports desservant l'aviation civile internationale comblera un vide grave dans la Convention de Montréal, laquelle ne vise pas les actes de terrorisme commis dans les aires d'attente.L'OACI s'occupe activement du développement des politiques en matières de protection de l'aviation civile internationale contre les attaques terroristes. Lors de son Assemblée de ig86, elle a adopté par consensus unanime une résolution consolidée à cet égard.L'amendement récent de l'Annexe ij de la Convention de Chicago a élevé un bon nombre de Pratiques Recommandées au niveau de Normes et a introduit de nouvelles dispositions sur la sécurité.En juin 1986, le Conseil de l'OACI a adopté une clause-type sur la sécurité de l'aviation qui pourrait être incorporée dans les accords bilatéraux de transport aérien régissant l'échange mutuel de droits de trafic. Une telle clause aidera à l'application des conventions portant sur la sécurité aérienne aussi bien qu'à l'application des Normes et Pratiques Recommandées de l'OACI relatives à ce sujet.L'enjeu de la lutte contre le terrorisme aérien exige rien de moins qu'une vigilance suivie de la part des forces de l'ordre. L'OACI joue un rôle très important dans cette lutte.

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6

Minatchev, Andrei, and Jacques Lévesque. "L’identité et la sécurité de la Russie." Études internationales 35, no. 1 (June 8, 2004): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008447ar.

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Résumé La guerre de Tchétchénie, les défis qu’elle pose à l’identité de la Russie en tant qu’État multinational et fédéral, de même que les explications du conflit tchétchène que se donnent les dirigeants russes, influencent de façon aussi nette que remarquable la lecture qu’ils font des crises internationales et des menaces qu’elles font peser sur la sécurité de leur État. Ainsi, l’action militaire des États-Unis et de l’otan contre la Serbie en 1999 est ressentie par le pouvoir russe, comme particulièrement dangereuse et menaçante dans la mesure où elle était vue comme un soutien au séparatisme kosovar expliqué comme l’oeuvre d’un mouvement terroriste minoritaire soutenu par des réseaux terroristes islamistes internationaux. Dans le même sens, les réactions américaines aux attentats du 11 septembre 2001 sont perçues comme un réveil tardif aux mises en garde russes et aux dangers du terrorisme international et du fondamentalisme musulman et expliquent dans une large mesure le soutien donné aux États-Unis par la Russie dans la guerre d’Afghanistan.

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7

Delbecque, Éric. "L’entreprise à l’épreuve du terrorisme international." Sécurité et stratégie 28, no. 4 (2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sestr.028.0030.

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8

Emanuelli, C. "Faut-il parler d’une “guerre” contre le terrorisme?" Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 46 (2009): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009620.

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SommaireHuit ans après les évènements du 11 septembre 2001, la “guerre” contre le terrorisme perdure dans différentes parties du monde. Toutefois, en soi l’expression “guerre contre le terrorisme” perd du souffle. Les raisons en sont essentiellement politiques, mais l’évolution relance le débat sur la qualification juridique de la lutte contre le terrorisme. Après un examen des arguments pour et contre la “guerre” contre le terrorisme, la présente étude envisage la position du droit international. Elle conclut que les mêmes principes fondamentaux s’appliquent quels que soient les termes employés et le système juridique applicable à la lutte contre le terrorisme.

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9

Dubuy, Mélanie. "Le Conseil de sécurité, le terrorisme international et la gangstérisation." Questions internationales N° 125, no. 3 (July 1, 2024): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/quin.125.0093.

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Gangstérisation et terrorisme entretiennent des liens étroits. Depuis la création de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, plusieurs de ses organes et instruments juridiques ont été consacrés à la lutte contre les multiples aspects de la criminalité internationale. Le système de sécurité collective de l’ONU, dont le Conseil de sécurité est la cheville ouvrière, est également au cœur de la lutte contre le terrorisme international. Les nombreuses résolutions du Conseil de sécurité, adoptées notamment après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, ont visé tant à la prévention et à la répression de ce fléau qu’à encourager la coopération entre États. Son action a toutefois été critiquée, notamment au regard du respect des droits de l’homme .

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10

نوار, شهرزاد. "الإرهاب الدولي وأسلحة الدمار الشامل : أشكال جديدة للإرهاب = Terrorisme International et Armes de Destruction Massive : Nouvelles Formes de Terrorisme = International Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction : New Forms of Terrorism." التواصل, no. 45 (March 2016): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0039906.

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11

Chouet, Alain. "Violence islamiste et réseaux du terrorisme international." Politique étrangère 68, no. 3 (2003): 643–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polit.2003.1243.

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12

Labayle, Henri. "Droit international et lutte contre le terrorisme." Annuaire français de droit international 32, no. 1 (1986): 105–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/afdi.1986.2711.

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13

Bertin, Jérôme. "L’entreprise face à l’épreuve du terrorisme international." Sécurité et stratégie 28, no. 4 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sestr.028.0061.

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14

Banifatemi, Yas. "La lutte contre le financement du terrorisme international." Annuaire français de droit international 48, no. 1 (2002): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/afdi.2002.3694.

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15

Cutrale, Elisabetta. "El terrorismo yihadista = The jihadist terrorism." UNIVERSITAS. Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, no. 30 (June 25, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/universitas.2019.4837.

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RESUMEN: En el escrito, después de una introducción general para comprender la problemática del mundo islámico y aclarar algunas definiciones, se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre el fenómeno del terrorismo yihadista, empezando con un breve excursus sobre el debate en torno a la definición de terrorismo internacional. Posteriormente, se analiza la estrutura del Estado islámico y cómo ha evolucionado durante la ultima década, el concepto de radicalización y, considerando diferentes estudios y estadísticas, intenta aclararse cuales puedan ser las causas de la desviación terrorista, llegando a la conclusión que se trata de un fenómeno complejo que implica un análisis de diferentes cuestiones tanto históricas, como sociales y psicológicas.ABSTRACT: Following a general introduction to understand the issues of the Islamic world and the meaning of some key words, the writing carries out an investigation into the phenomenon of the jihadist terrorism. Beginning with a brief on the debate on the definition of international terrorism, the article looks into the islamic state system, its evolucion during the last period and the increasing of violent radicalization. Considering severals studies and statistics, it tries to clarify the causes of the terrorist deviation, reaching the conclusion that it is a complex phenomenon that embraces historical, social and psychological matters. PALABRAS CLAVE: terrorismo, fundamentalismo islámico, violenta radicalización, terrorista, IslamKEYWORDS: terrorism, islamic fundamentalism, violent radicalization, terrorist, Islam

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Engene, Jan Oskar. "Kampen mot terrorisme." Internasjonal Politikk 60, no. 01 (July 18, 2002): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1891-1757-2002-01-01.

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Aarø, Egill. "Krig og terrorisme." Nordic Journal of Human Rights 21, no. 04 (November 7, 2003): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1891-814x-2003-04-04.

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SUWADI, PUJIYONO, REDA MANTHOVANI, BAMBANG SUGENG RUKMONO, SENIWATI SENIWATI, and NOOR SAPTANTI. "MEASURING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN HANDLING TERRORISM IN INDONESIA." Russian Law Journal 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i1.348.

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Terrorisme is extraordinary crime which penetrates the barriers of religion and state. The crime of terrorism has grown rapidly in Indonesia which can be threatening security on a national or international scale. Terrorism grows because of two fundamental factors, namely economic deprivation and political injustice. So far, the approach to countering terrorism in Indonesia is not encouraging, it is proven that terrorism crimes still occur every year. A repressive approach to enforcing the law of retaliation must be breached with the possibility of opening up opportunities for the implementation of restorative justice in dealing with terrorism, particularly in the criminal justice system. To finish this study, a conceptual and statutory study is carried out so that it gets an adequate discussion. For this reason, it is necessary to enforce laws that are firm and do not benefit either party, by using the Restorative Justice approach which is considered capable of achieving justice in handling cases of terrorism in Indonesia.

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Sandoz, Y. "Terrorisme et action internationale humanitaire d'urgence." Refugee Survey Quarterly 21, no. 3 (October 1, 2002): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/21.3.33.

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20

Ali Suleymanova, Aytaj. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM AND THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1373." SCIENTIFIC WORK 61, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/61/133-135.

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Terrorism financing is a global phenomenon that not only threatens States’ security, but can also undermine economic development and financial market stability. Terrorists require financing to recruit and support members and conduct operations. Thus, preventing terrorists from accessing financial resources is crucial to successfully counter the threat of terrorism. It is therefore of highest importance to stop the flow of funds to terrorists. The article describes the core elements of the main international instruments on the field of the fight against terrorist financing, similarities and differences between these norms. Key words: financing terrorism, terrorist financing convention, terrorist acts, criminalization of financing terrorism, Resolution 1373

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Daguzan, Jean-François. "Terrorisme et alliances de sécurité." Revue internationale et stratégique 72, no. 4 (2008): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ris.072.0109.

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Faure, Claude. "Bref historique des services de renseignement et de sécurité français contemporains." Revue Historique des Armées 247, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rha.247.0070.

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Guerre froide, terrorisme international, intelligence économique : les services de renseignement et de sécurité français ont dû, ces soixante dernières années, s’adapter à la situation internationale et s’organiser en conséquence. Ils ont néanmoins conservé leurs rôles respectifs, hérités de la période fondatrice qu’a été la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Depuis, les actions qu’ils ont entreprises ont toujours obéi à la mission nationale fixée par le gouvernement.

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Knutsen, Bjørn Olav, and Pernille Rieker. "EUs kamp mot terrorisme." Internasjonal Politikk 61, no. 02 (July 19, 2003): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1891-1757-2003-02-03.

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Benraad, Myriam. "Terrorisme et vengeance." Esprit Septembre, no. 9 (September 8, 2023): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.2309.0017.

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La guerre contre la terreur, avec sa succession d’assassinats ciblés et de dommages collatéraux, est prise dans un cycle de vengeances sans fin. Comment y mettre un terme ?

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Lefranc, Sandrine. "Réparer le terrorisme ?" Esprit Mars, no. 3 (March 8, 2024): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.2403.0063.

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Harvey, Frank P. "The Homeland Security Dilemma: Imagination, Failure and the Escalating Costs of Perfecting Security." Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, no. 2 (June 2007): 283–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070163.

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Abstract. Besieged by insurgencies in Afghanistan and Iraq and gripped by mounting pressure to enhance security and public safety at home, officials in Washington and Ottawa are now confronted with a serious homeland security dilemma: the greater the financial costs, public sacrifice and political capital invested in security, the higher the public's expectations and corresponding standards for measuring performance, the more significant the public's sense of insecurity after each failure, and, paradoxically, the higher the pressure on governments and citizens to sacrifice even more to achieve perfect security. The paradox of security dilemmas at the international level (Jervis, 1976, 1978) explains why perfectly rational decisions to enhance power actually diminish security by promoting unstable spirals in competitive defence spending—a common account of escalating military budgets throughout much of the Cold War. The homeland security dilemma represents the post-9/11 equivalent for domestic politics in the war on terrorism. The paper's central argument can be summed up by the following counterintuitive thesis: the more security you have, the more security you will need, not because enhancing security makes terrorism more likely (although the incentive for terrorists to attack may increase as extremists feel duty bound to demonstrate their ongoing relevance), but because enormous investments in security inevitably raise public expectations and amplify public outrage after subsequent failures.Résumé. Assaillies par des insurrections en Afghanistan et en Irak et bousculées par la pression de plus en plus grande d'améliorer le système de sécurité publique à l'intérieur du pays, les autorités de Washington et d'Ottawa se trouvent confrontées à un sérieux dilemme en ce qui concerne la sécurité intérieure : plus les coûts financiers, les sacrifices publics et le capital politique investis dans la sécurité sont importants, plus les attentes du public et les standards de mesure du rendement correspondants sont élevés, plus le sentiment général d'insécurité augmente après chaque échec, et, paradoxalement, plus la pression sur les gouvernements et les citoyens de faire des sacrifices encore plus lourds pour parvenir à une parfaite sécurité s'intensifie. Le paradoxe du dilemme sécuritaire au niveau international (Jervis, 1976, 1978) explique pourquoi des décisions parfaitement rationnelles prises pour renforcer le pouvoir réduisent en fait la sécurité en encourageant des spirales instables de dépenses militaires concurrentielles—voir l'escalade des budgets militaires pendant la guerre froide. Le dilemme de la sécurité intérieure en est l'équivalent en politique nationale, depuis le 11 septembre, dans le contexte de la guerre contre le terrorisme. L'argument principal de cet article peut se résumer par la thèse contre-intuitive qui suit : plus on a de sécurité, plus il en faut. Pas parce que le renforcement de la sécurité rend le terrorisme plus probable (bien que la motivation des terroristes risque de s'exaspérer quand les extrémistes se sentent obligés de démontrer que leur pertinence perdure), mais parce que des investissements massifs dans la sécurité augmentent inévitablement les attentes et que l'opinion se scandalise encore davantage de tout échec subséquent.

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Lia, Brynjar. "Mot nye og farlegare formar for terrorisme? Trendar og utviklingstrekk ved moderne terrorisme." Internasjonal Politikk 58, no. 03 (July 15, 2000): 357–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1891-1757-2000-03-03.

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Fragnoli, Thierry. "De la relativité appliquée au terrorisme." Revue internationale et stratégique 75, no. 3 (2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ris.075.0007.

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Ginting, Jamin, and Patrick Talbot. "Fundraising Aspect of International Terrorism Organization in ASEAN: Legal and Political Aspects." Lex Scientia Law Review 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i1.60074.

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Since the Bali Bombing I and Bali Bombing II Tragedy, the seriousness of combating international terrorism have become increasingly apparent. Each member of ASEAN hand in hand together enforces both international cooperation and bilateral cooperation to prevent and counteract, through appropriate domestic measures, the financing of terrorists and terrorist organizations, whether such financing is direct or indirect through organizations. International community efforts to combat terrorism activities, not only comprise the criminalization of terrorists the act criminalization financing of terrorism, and the criminalization of terrorist financing. Since that moment, the topic of money laundering is an inherent element of organized crime, with its strong linkage to terrorism, has found and always will find new methods to satisfy the also new necessities for financing terrorism. ASEAN already make a policy about terrorism which is the convention on counter-terrorist called ASEAN Convention on Counter-Terrorism (ACCT). The convention of ACCT, in article 6 Areas of Cooperation, ASEAN emphasizes the prevention of giving the fund to the terrorist group. Indonesia had given responses to financing terrorism by ratifying The International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, 1999, and subsequently with the enacted Law Number 6 Year 2006 and also enacted the new Prevention and Eradication Money Laundering Offence, Law Number 8 of 2010.

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Cilliers, Jakkie. "L'Afrique et le terrorisme." Afrique contemporaine 209, no. 1 (2004): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco.209.0081.

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Gasser, Hans-Peter. "Interdiction des actes de terrorisme dans le droit international humanitaire." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 68, no. 760 (August 1986): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100086421.

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Vadillo, Floran. "Réformer l’État sous contrainte : la tragique utilité du terrorisme international." Sécurité et stratégie 28, no. 4 (2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sestr.028.0005.

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Colas, Bernard. "II Le Canada et le système financier international en 2006." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 45 (2008): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009371.

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Àl’instar des années précédentes, le blanchiment d’argent, la lutte contre le financement du terrorisme et la gouvernance ont constitué les principales préoccupations de la communauté internationale en 2006. Cependant la communauté internationale s’est également intéressée aux questions de développement durable, à l’égalité entre les sexes ainsi qu’en toile de fonds à la réforme des institutions de Bretton Woods. Ces travaux ont été menés de concert par: (1) le Groupe des 20 (G-20); (2) les institutions financières internationales; (3) les organismes de contrôle des établissements financiers; (4) le Groupe d’action financière; (5) le Joint Forum. Au sein de ces institutions le Canada assume son rôle de grande puissance mondiale.

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Capone, Francesca. "COUNTERING “FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS”: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE FRAMEWORK ESTABLISHED BY THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 25, no. 1 (October 18, 2016): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90000114a.

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Terrorism constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security. The newest challenge posed by this threat is represented by the phenomenon of “foreign terrorist fighters”. Current estimates place the number of foreigners who have joined the ongoing armed conflicts in the Middle East between 20,000 and 30,000. How many of these foreign fighters also fall within the definition of foreign terrorist fighters (i.e. those travelling abroad with a “terrorist” intent) provided by UN Security Council Resolution 2178 (2014) is very difficult to assess. In primis because the resolution refers to “terrorists”, “terrorist acts”, and “terrorist training” without actually defining “terrorism” and thus leaving to each Member State the task to determine the breadth and the contours of this concept. Secondly because the text lacks legal certainty with regard to many other crucial aspects, e.g., the relationship between counter-terrorism and international humanitarian law, the interpretation of the term “State of residence”, and the risk of abuse of refugee status. These shortcomings not only jeopardize the ability to implement a uniform approach, but they also increase the likelihood of fostering abusive responses. This article argues that Resolution 2178 has not been adopted in a legal vacuum, on the contrary it extensively builds on the anti-terrorism framework established by previous Security Council resolutions and thus it inherits and exacerbates many old and unresolved issues. Ultimately, the present article seeks to determine to what degree the new set of binding obligations placed upon Member States to thwart the phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters is effective and it discusses the extent to which it could enhance or hinder counter-terrorism’s compliance with international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international refugee law.

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Seo, Bong-Sung, and Jae-Hyun Kim. "A Study on Changes in Terrorism Environment and Implications in the New Normal Era." Korean Association for Terrorism Studies 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46350/kats.2023.16.4.119.

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Recently, the threat of violent extremism that promotes terrorism is transcending borders and is rapidly spreading in the online space with the changing security crisis situation in the international community. Terrorists bent on violent extremism occur in crowded places targeting an unspecified number of people which is a potential risk factor for terrorist attacks. In particular, there is a tendency for the boundaries between crime and terrorism to become blurred as the motivation for terrorism expands, and like the lone wolf type, the evolution of terrorist threats is linked to radicalization. Unlike traditional criminal crimes, the radicalization of terrorists in the past was mainly accomplished through terrorist group recruitment through propaganda and instigation, and terrorist training and instructions. Therefore, Counter-terrorism measures also prevented the inflow of terrorist organization members and terrorist propaganda and inciting ideologies into the country. However, there are limitations due to changes in the security paradigm, and information sharing, and cooperation from the international community are absolutely necessary, and domestic positive law must also implement a policy of preventing information related to terrorism in online spaces.

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Passas, Nikos. "Le financement du terrorisme rapport général." Revue internationale de droit pénal 79, no. 3 (2008): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ridp.793.0303.

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Eide, Espen Barth. "Internasjonal terrorisme – folkerettslige konsekvenser." Internasjonal Politikk 60, no. 02 (July 19, 2002): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1891-1757-2002-02-05.

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Hanson, Michael. "State Sponsorship: An Impediment to the Global Fight against Terrorism." Groningen Journal of International Law 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.7.2.132-144.

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Following the terrorist attack on the United States of America on 11 September 2001, global efforts against terrorism have increased. Notwithstanding these efforts, terrorist attacks continue across the globe amidst accusations that some States provide support for terrorists. This work examines the State sponsorship of terrorist groups in light of the global fight against terrorism. The methodology used here is doctrinal. This work finds that the continuous provision of resources to terrorist groups by some States against the dictates of relevant existing international legal setups operates as an impediment to the global fight against terrorism. It concludes that cutting off State support for terrorists remains the sine qua non for achieving success in the global war against terror. To do this requires the strengthening of international laws on terrorism, increasing diplomatic relations to expose involved States, imposing and enforcing strong sanctions against supporting States, reduction of such States’meddling in activities of other countries, increased assistance to failed States and decreased assistance to involved States.

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Szkurłat, Izabela. "The Phenomenon of Terrorism as a Threat to International Security." Security Dimensions 31, no. 31 (September 30, 2019): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0252.

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The article presents terrorism as a threat to international security in the 21st century. The problem with defining terrorism has been present for many years and the available definitions are developed based on the main features of terrorism. The article emphasises that terrorism has evolved through the 20th and 21st centuries. Terrorist incidents have become more unpredictable in terms of place and time, and so did methods of carrying out the attacks. The further section describes the impact of terrorist attacks on public opinion and the perception of terrorism. The consequence of presenting terrorist incidents in the media is the widespread sense of threat of terrorism. Terrorists use the mass media to convey their ideologies and the medium that is most used by them is the Internet. Based on examples, the author demonstrates that terrorism has an influence on policies adapted by countries and is an economic threat. Finally, the article states that despite the lower frequency of incidents in Europe, terrorism is still a problem and subsequent terrorist incidents are only a matter of time. Fewer terrorist attacks in Europe do not mean that terrorist organisations are weaker.

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Hyvrier, Olivia. "Le mouvement barelvi : du soufisme au terrorisme." Politique étrangère N° Automne, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pe.213.0161.

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Mantell, Edmund H. "On the Political Economy of Binational Counter-Terrorism." American Economist 51, no. 2 (October 2007): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943450705100212.

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This paper applies game theory to explore the economic incentives facing foreign nations sheltering terrorists. The players are a nation that has been a target of international terrorist activities and a nation that is a host (willing or unwilling) of international terrorists. The economics of multinational terrorism involve the costs to host nations of sanctions imposed by the U.S. and others, as well as the economic benefits transferred to the host nations by terrorist groups that they shelter. The main result shows that coalitions between international terrorists and their host nations allow the latter to sell licenses to terrorists thereby frustrating the counter-terrorist activities of victim nations.

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Julienne, Marc. "La Chine, nouvel acteur de la lutte contre le terrorisme international." Les Champs de Mars N° 30 + Supplément, no. 1 (2018): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lcdm.030.0273.

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43

Al-Dawoody, Ahmed. "International Terrorism and the Jurisdiction of Islamic Law." International Criminal Law Review 15, no. 3 (March 23, 2015): 565–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01503004.

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This article investigates the jurisdiction of Islamic law to international terrorism under the four Sunni schools of Islamic law. International terrorism refers to the following three cases: 1) terrorist acts committed outside of the Islamic state by its citizens; 2) terrorist acts committed outside the Islamic state by its non-citizens; and 3) terrorist acts committed inside the Islamic state by its non-citizens. It starts with studying the classical Muslim jurists’ tripartite division of the world into the ‘house of Islam’, ‘house of war’, and ‘house of peace’ to find out the boundaries of the jurisdiction of Islamic law and its position on the extradition of international terrorists. It examines the definition and elements of terrorism to find out the relevance of applying Islamic law to the modern form of acts of terrorism. It argues for the universal jurisdiction of Islamic law to acts of international terrorism.

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Amaladoss, Michaël. "Inde, vitalité économique et conflits identitaires." Études Tome 410, no. 4 (April 7, 2009): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.104.0439.

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Résumé L’Inde a désormais deux visages : d’un côté, elle fait preuve d’une grande vitalité économique et joue un rôle de leader mondial dans les technologies de l’information ; son autre face est celle d’une nation divisée par des conflits identitaires violents et menacée par le terrorisme international.

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Tulga, Ahmet Yiğitalp. "Constructivism, Identity, and Discourse in Terrorism." Journal of Politics and Policy 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jppol.2022.004.02.01.

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Terrorism is a phenomenon with a long history. Scholars from many different disciplines research terrorism. One of the disciplines studying the phenomenon of terrorism is International Relations. Significantly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the discipline's interest in terrorism increased dramatically. However, increasing academic studies since the early 2000s did not lead to an increase in the contribution of the field to Terrorism Studies. The state-centric perspective of Neorealism and Neoliberalism is a fundamental reason behind this problem. Constructivism offers an alternative to the state-centric view. In this context, I examine the role of identity and discourse on terrorism by adopting the Constructivist perspective. Within this scope, the manifestos of eight different terrorists within three various terrorist organizations were examined. In parallel, news about the terrorists whose manifestos were examined was analyzed. Using text analysis, results suggest that both terrorists and the media divide the world into two "us" and "them." The results of this study provide interesting insights and empirical implications on International Relations. In this research, I give an overview of this research area. I then discuss this research's primary results and explain why the Constructivist approach, identity, and discourse are essential in terrorism research.

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Droit, Emmanuel. "La « communauté tchékiste » de Guerre froide : réalités et limites d’une culture partagée du renseignement." Études françaises de renseignement et de cyber N° 2, no. 1 (June 4, 2024): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/efrc.232.0169.

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À l’époque de la Guerre froide, les services de renseignement des dictatures socialistes du Bloc de l’Est constituent des instruments de terreur, de répression et de surveillance des sociétés est-européennes. Obéissant au même encadrement soviétique, ils sont unis par une même lecture paranoïaque du monde et des relations internationales reposant sur une vision binaire « ami-ennemi » et une primauté accordée à l’action. Se définissant comme les « glaives et les boucliers » des partis communistes, ces tchékistes partagent un éthos professionnel faisant d’eux une élite secrète au service de la révolution prolétarienne mondiale. Dès ses débuts, au milieu des années 1950, cette « Internationale tchékiste » a toutefois du mal à développer des formes efficaces de coopération et d’échange car le partage exige de la confiance réciproque. Le champ du terrorisme international illustre, des années 1970 aux années 1980, la réalité et les limites d’une culture tchékiste du renseignement finalement emportée par la nouvelle politique internationale de Mikhaïl Gorbatchev.

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Kochoi, Samvel. "The Concept of Counteracting Terrorism in the Russian Federation: Prospects for Improvement Using the Experience of Fighting Against Religious Terrorism." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(1).30-37.

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The article analyzes the necessity of amending the current Terrorism Counteraction Concept and of incorporating in it the experience of fighting against the international terrorist organization «The Islamic State». The author gives a positive answer to this question based on the research he has conducted. The article analyzes key measures of preventing terrorism (religious terrorism), while considerable attention is paid to information measures. It is concluded that «clarification of the essence of terrorism» (as a measure included in the Terrorism Counteraction Concept of the Russian Federation) is impossible without providing the society with stable and comprehensive information about the crimes (genocide, crimes against peace and security of humankind, war crimes) committed by terrorists and without condemning them. This work should be primarily aimed at those groups of people (ethnic and confessional) who are the main target for international terrorist organizations trying to recruit new terrorists under the guise of religion.

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Kessing, Petter Vedel. "Tortur, statsterrorisme og ikke-statlig terrorisme." Nordic Journal of Human Rights 22, no. 01 (February 12, 2004): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1891-814x-2004-01-06.

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Pavlik, Mihail, and Konstantin Borichev. "The terrorism of individuals: the main trends and features of counteraction." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-1-106-112.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of the current phenomenon – «the terrorism of individuals». In particular, it is presented the definition of the concept in question, its main specificity and current trends. The article describes the terrorist acts committed by loner terrorists in the period from 2017 to 2020 in Europe, as well as an analysis of similar crimes from 2000 to 2014. Special attention is paid to the role of international terrorist organizations in their work with their followers in the form of individual terrorists.The features of preparation of the investigated terrorist acts, including the means, tools and methods of their commission, are considered. It was done the analysis of the ideological component in the illegal activities of loner terrorists, and were identified the main directions of their terrorist ideology. The role of the Internet, social networks and messengers in terrorist activities was studied. Proposals to counteract the terrorism of individuals and improve the effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures in general are presented. As a result of the study, the fundamental directions of anti-terrorist activities in Russia in the sphere of countering the terrorist threat posed by loner terrorists were identified. Special attention is paid to the prevention of lone-person terrorism and the participation of representatives of public and religious associations and national diasporas in this activity.The features of preparation of the investigated terrorist acts, including the means, tools and methods of their commission, are considered. It was done the analysis of the ideological component in the illegal activities of loner terrorists, and were identified the main directions of their terrorist ideology. The role of the Internet, social networks and messengers in terrorist activities was studied. Proposals to counteract the terrorism of individuals and improve the effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures in general are presented. As a result of the study, the fundamental directions of anti-terrorist activities in Russia in the sphere of countering the terrorist threat posed by loner terrorists were identified. Special attention is paid to the prevention of lone-person terrorism and the participation of representatives of public and religious associations and national diasporas in this activity.

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von Hippel, Karin. "Définir les origines du terrorisme : un débat transatlantique ?" Revue internationale et stratégique 51, no. 3 (2003): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ris.051.0103.

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