Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tertiaire (ère géologique)'
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Torres, Gonzalez Teresa. "Etude paléobotanique du tertiaire des îles Roi Georges et Seymour, Antarctique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10247.
Full textMoïne-Vaziri, Hossein. "Volcanisme tertiaire et quaternaire en Iran." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112187.
Full textMartin, Céline. "Etude géochimique haute résolution de l’émail dentaire des grands herbivores : implications méthodologiques et reconstitutions des paléoclimats et paléoenvironnements du Tertiaire d’Asie." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20138.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the seasonal climatic and environmental variations in Asia (Pakistan and Thailand) during basal Miocene-late Miocene period, inferred from geochemical (18O, 13C and trace elements) intra-tooth enamel composition from large herbivorous. First, we tried to understand the high resolution geochemical signal measured in dental enamel. The link between climatic variation and geochemical enamel variability is affected by enamel maturation, which leads to a damped and shifted signal. Histology and X-ray microtomography studies were performed in order to define the temporal and spatial enamel formation dynamic, and then to develop a mathematical model. The latter suggested a new intra-tooth micro-sampling strategy parallel to striae of Retzius for seasonality studies, in agreement with analytical results obtained from modern rhinoceros teeth. Lastly, a preliminary study of the enamel trace element composition showed a direct or indirect link between intra-tooth element variability (Ba/Ca, P/Ca and Sr/Ca) and seasonal variability of precipitation amount, but this hypothesis must be tested. In a second part, three paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate applications agree with a monsoon system establishment before 8 Ma. A humidity increase after 22 Ma may be linked with a major event of monsoon history or to its onset. Finally, two high-resolution studies have confirmed the potential of the micro-sampling parallel to striae of Retzius for seasonality studies. The middle and late Miocene 18O enamel signal in Pakistan and Thailand was characteristic of precipitation records in SE Asia today under monsoon influence, with a 4-5 months dry season. The late Miocene was wetter than contemporary climate, in agreement with modeling and literature data suggesting an aridification of Asia during the late Miocene
Dubreuilh, Jacques. "Synthèse paléogéographique et structurale des dépôts fluviatiles tertiaires du nord du Bassin d'Aquitaine : passage aux formations palustres, lacustres et marines." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30207.
Full textThiébaut, Mélanie. "Morphométrie et modélisation des formes : outils révélateurs de la biodiversité des macroflores tertiaires." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10102.
Full textCourgeon, Simon. "Cenozoic evolution of isolated carbonate platforms from the Mozambique Channel (SW Indian Ocean) : development and controls in active geodynamic settings." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0333.
Full textAlthough the long-term evolution of shallow-water carbonate platforms has been the subject of numerous studies during the last decades, their driving processes and the potential interactions with geodynamic activity are still deeply debated. The Mozambique Channel, located between East Africa and Madagascar continental margins, is characterized by several isolated shallow-water carbonate platforms (the Eparses Islands) and by flat-top seamounts and terraces currently lying at several hundred meters deep. Based on a varied oceanographic dataset, including bathymetric-+ DEMs, submarine videos, dredged rock samples and multi-resolution seismic, our study revealed that the surrounding flat-top submarine edifices correspond to drowned isolated shallow-water carbonate platforms that originally settled on volcanic substrates during distinct Cenozoic periods. The major drowning events, which occurred during the Late Neogene, were seemingly triggered by high rates of accommodation creation induced by extensional tectonic and/or by environmental perturbations related to volcanic activity. In parallel, tectonic deformation and volcanic accretion also resulted in the formation of raised topographies that formed relevant substrates for the edification of modern carbonate platforms and atolls. The location, timing and nature of the Late Cenozoic geodynamic activity observed along the studied isolated carbonate platforms tend to emphasize the influence and the propagation of the East African Rift System until the southern Mozambique Channel and strengthen recent kinematic models
Frouté, Jean-Yves. "Le rôle de l'accident d'Estella dans l'histoire géologique crétacé supérieur à miocène des bassins navarro-alavais (Espagne du Nord)." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU3019.
Full textHervet, Sophie. "Le groupe " Palaeochelys sensu lato – Mauremys " dans le contexte systématique des Testudinoidea aquatiques du Tertiaire d'Europe occidentale : Apports à la biostratigraphie et à la paléobiogéographie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0030.
Full textAmong freshwater Testudinoidea (sensu Gaffney & Meylan, 1988; Chelonii, Cryptodira) from the Tertiary of Western Europe, the "Palaeochelys sensu lato - Mauremys" group is defined, as is the "Ptychogasteridae " group, these groups are also re-considered in their paleobiogeographical context. Taxa from the "Palaeochelys sensu lato - Mauremys" complex, previously referred to Ocadia, Palaeochelys, Clemmys, Emys. . . Are redefined, and new taxa are described as well as new taxa of "Ptychogasteridae". The systematics and phylogeny of the Testudinoidae are studied, various phylogenies (Hirayama, 1985; Gaffney & Meylan, 1988) are discussed, new hypotheses are suggested. Two analyses of parsimony are made with 30 terminal taxa for the "Palaeochelys sensu lato - Mauremys" group and two outgroups (Platysternon megacephalum and Elkemys australis); 54 anatomical characters are described. An alternative hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships (not computerized) is proposed. An updated catalogue of the French Tertiary localities bearing chelonians is provided. The biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographical distribution of the various continental chelonian groups is studied, showing the palaeoenvironnemental and paleoecological significance of chelonians and the limits of their biostratigraphic significance
Coudert, Laurent. "Apports de la sismique et des diagraphies différées à l'étude stratigraphique du bassin tertiaire du Chaco de Bolivie (Rio Grande-Parapeti) : traitements statistiques et modélisations." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10533.
Full textGillet, Hervé. "La stratigraphie tertiaire et la surface d'érosion messinienne sur les marges occidentales de la mer Noire : stratigraphie sismique haute résolution." Brest, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008594.
Full textThe Tertiary paleogeographic evolution of the Black Sea, within the paratethys realm, was characterised by several periodic isolation episodes. The eutatic responses of the Black Sea to these de-connexions, and particularly those related to the Mediterranean Messinian crisis, are still not clearly established. The high resolution seismic stratigraphy study we present is based on interpretation of multichanel HR seismic data correlated with drillings recovered on the occidental Black Sea margin. Our investigations were concentrated on the identification of erosional surfaces, interpreted as markers of eustatic falls, linked to the basin isolation phases. On the Romano-Ukrainian shelf, the seismic profiles display six major discontinuities regarded as Tertiary erosional surfaces : (1) the surfaces underlined at the base of the Eocene (E), at the base of the Oligocene (O), in the Middle Miocene (M) and at the base of the Pontian (P); (2) and two intra-Pontian erosional unconformities (L. IPU and IPU). On the other hand, the Messinian erosional surface was clearly identified on the Bulgaro-Turckish margin. Recent correlation between the Paratethysian and Mediterranean stratigraphic scale suggest that the IPU surface recognised on the Romano-Ukrainian shelf is equivalent to the Messinian erosional surface. Among the five ante-Messinian erosional surfaces described, we interpret the M surface as the signature of a catastrophic sea level fall related to the Upper Burdigalian isolation phase. We propose that the four other surfaces correspond either to submarine erosion episodes, or to transgressive events. The discovery of the Messinian erosional surface in Black Sea constituting the major result of this study, enables to validate the assomption about the Messinian Dessiccation of the Black Sea [Hsü and Giovanoli, 1979]
Labbassi, Kamal. "Evolution tectono-sédimentaire de la série méso-cénozoi͏̈que de la moyenne Moulouya : Lithostratigraphie, tectonique, décompaction et calcul de la subsidence." Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3003.
Full textThomas, Jean-Charles. "Cinématique Tertiaire et rotations de blocs dans l'ouest de l'Asie centrale (Tien-Shan Kirghiz et dépression Tadjik) : étude structurale et paléomagnétique." Rennes 1, 1993. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728249.
Full textFournier, François. "Evolution de l'édifice carbonaté du champ de gaz de Malampaya, Tertiaire, offshore Palawan, Philippines : implications pour la caractérisation du réservoir." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11025.
Full textThe Malampaya carbonate reservoir (Late Eocene to Early Miocene) is located offshore North-Palawan Island , Philippines. The integration of sedimentological, diagenetical, geochemical, micropalaeontological and stratigraphical analyses from subsurface data (cores, well-logs and high-resolution 3D seismic) allowed the reconstruction of the Malampaya carbonate build-up evolution at various time and space scales (parasequence and seismic sequence scales) and the identification of its controlling factors (carbonate producers, eustacy, tectonics, climate and oceanography). The reservoir subdivision into metre-scale intervals is related to the development of high-frequency subaerially exposed cycles in the inner-shelf (time scale: 10-100ka). Decametre-scale diagenetic bodies developed in relation with low-frequency evolution of the carbonate system (time scale ~1-10Ma), mainly controlled by tectonic deformation
Schuster, Mathieu. "Sédimentologie et paléoécologie des séries à vertébrés du paléolac Tchad depuis le Miocène supérieur." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13064.
Full textAustralopithecus bahrelghazali (3-3,5 Ma) was discovered in 1995 by the MPFT-team in the Djurab erg (NE of Chad). This is the first australopithecine found out of the classical early Hominids sites of eastern and southern Africa. Since that time, hundreds of Mio-Pliocene fossiliferous outcrops have been found. This work presents the sedimentological and palaeoecological study of those fossils-rich levels (3-7 Ma) as well as the study of quaternary formations of Djurab. Deposits are made up of alternating lake and desert units. A perilacustrine belt (0-50 km), composed of partly flooded and vegetation marked out dunes, represents the biotope where expands the most of the fauna represented by mammals, reptiles, fishes, birds and insects (dung-beetles and termites). The desert-lake elementary pattern recurs several times since upper Miocene, suggesting at least 10 recurrent major lacustrine events since 7 Ma. The last lacustrine episod of this type, known as the Mega-Lake Chad, is dated back to Holocene. The existence of this palaeolake, of about 400000 km2, was until now under discussion. This works shows significant evidences for the existence of this giant quaternary lake (lake deposits in desert, shoreline wave-cut terrace, coastal conglomerates around palaeo-islands), as wide as the present-day Caspian sea. This lake forms by refill of its southern sub-basin (wet tropical zone), that discharges then into its northern sub-basin (dry tropical area) through the Bahr el Ghazal dry valley. This process results in a lake in the middle of desert
Schieb, Thierry. "Facies géotechniques et état de consolidation des sédiments de la pente continentale niçoise (baie des anges)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL031N.
Full textGarcía, Marcelo. "Évolution oligo-néogène de l'Altiplano occidental (arc et avant-arc du Nord du Chili, Arica) : tectonique, volcanisme, sédimentation, géomorphologie et bilan érosion-sédimentation." Grenoble 1, 2001. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00546057.
Full textThe oligo-neogene geodynamic evolution of Altiplano, at the latitude od "Codo de Arica", is characterised by an important compressive defonnation and volcanism. In the eastern part of the chain (Bolivia), the shortening is weIl documented (190-280 km), and it explain a very thick crust (65 km). However, in the western part, the geological history is not weIl known and in part controversial. The study of the Arica region, on three regional transects (to scale 1:50. 000), permit to propose a representative model for the geodynamic evolution of the western Altiplano. The Oligocene (-35-26 Ma) is characterised by fluvial sedimentation, recorded in the deeper part of the Central Depression. The deposits, up to 500 m thickness, cover a topographically smooth regional unconformity. They are polymictic and provene from the East, from the erosion of a proto-Cordillera Occidental. They are cut by subvertical west-vergent faults. The Late Oligocene-Early Miocene (26-19 Ma) is a period of intense effusive and explosive volcanism. To the East (Cordillera Occidental), the volcanic arc is represented by a maximum of 2. 500 m of andesites, dacites and rhyolitic ignimbrites, with alluvial and Iacustrine intercalations. This arc, very actif, was asociated to formation of collapse calderas. To the West (Precordillera and Central Depression), the fore-arc deposits are represented by up to 1. 000m of rhyolitic ignimbrites (extra-caldera), with fluvial and lacustrine intercalations. In the Coastal Cordillera, oligo-miocene alluvial sedimentation is recorded in restricted bassins (<200 m thickness). Throughout this cycle, no evidence has been found for important tectonic compressive activity, except in a gentle folding in the Cordillera Occidental. The Neogene (--18-0Ma) is characterised by a andesite-dacitic volcanism, mainly effusif, developed in the Cordillera Occidental with a modest volume respect to the previous period. This volcanism was coeval of restricted fluvial syntectonic sedimentation. The deformation is represented by a west-vergent thrusts and folds system, involving the basement, and with a minimum shortening estimate to he 7 km. This deformation developed essentially in the west part of the Cordillera Occidental, between 18 and 5 Ma with Plio-Quaternary little reactivations. This implies a velocity of horizontal shortening, during Neogene, close to 0,54 km/Ma. In the Central Depression, during Miocene, fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation is represented by a maximum of 350 m of volcanoclastic deposits, which provene from the East. Close 12 Ma, the fluvial sedimentation ceased and a regional pedimentation surface developed. Afetr it, the fore-arc was afected by strong incision (down to 1. 000 m) concentrated in a few valleys. The event would he associated to a regional climatic change, which have induced the desiccation of Atacama, coeval with an eustatic descent (maximum of 200 m). During Late Miocene-Quaternary, however, the incision is not only explain by exogene phenoma. Therefore, un major uplift (--800 m) of the fore-arc is infered. The uplift and marine abrasion have generated an abrupt coastal cliff, and in the incised valleys produced important ground-mass collapses. The coeval deformation ofthe fore-arc is located at the fault and gentle tlexure-folds associated to the blind propagation of the subvertical faults, which induce important vertical displacement (up to 850 m) and negligeable shortening (up to 100 m). The uplift of the Precordillera produced between 12 and 10 Ma, and it has been followed by a giant gravitational collapse. The Oligo-Neogene volcanic rocks ofArica are high-potassium calc-alkaline, and its composition do not vary significantly with time. However, we note an increasing enrichment of lithophiles elements, a more important participation of gamet as residual phase in the lower crust, and a relative decreasing ofthe partial fusion rate in the mantle source. On the other hand, the structural evolution and the erosion-sedimentation balance show that the Cordillera Occidental of Arica region bas been uplif and exposed to erosion since Eocene. In the considered period (Oligo-Neogene), the crustal thickning of the western Altiplano was slow respect to the eastern Altiplano and not only associated to the tectonic processus
Rochat, Philippe. "Structures et cinématique de l'Altiplano nord-bolivien au sein des Andes centrales." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518070.
Full textBruxelles, Laurent. "Dépôts et altérites des plateaux du Larzac central : Causses de l'Hospitalet et de Campestre (Aveyron, Gard, Hérault). Evolution morphogénétique, conséquences géologiques et implications pour l'aménagement." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10003.
Full textRossi, Tristan. "Contribution à l'étude géologique de la frontière Sud-Est de la plaque Caraïbes : La Serrania Del Interior Oriental (Venezuela) sur le transect Cariaco-Maturin : Synthèses paléogéographique et géodynamique." Brest, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BRES0001.
Full textBenitez, Stalin Benito. "Evolution géodynamique de la province côtière sud-équatorienne au Crétacé supèrieur-Tertiaire." Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10071.
Full textMéloux, Jean-Luc. "Etude morphopédologique des plateaux nord-occidentaux du Massif central : La Marche, Le Boischaut et le bocage Bourbonnais." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20014.
Full textThis work focuses on the geology, geomorphology and soil cover of a piedmont region extending from the crystalline and metamorphic uplands of the massif central to the southern periphery of the paris basin. The marche, boischaut and bocage bourbonnais areas exhibit patches of cenozoic clayey and sandy alluvium, often preserved within small-sized basins. These are interpreted as remain of a formerly continuous outwash fan. Red palaesols are also encountered. The poor soils which have developed on this siliciclastic material raise serious land use and management problems for agriculture and forestry. These aspects call for an analysis of the successive stages of landscape development during which, from the palaeogene to the quaternary, denudation and deposition occured across the piedmont. Following a geographical overview of the region, the state of our current knowledge is reviewed from the available literature. This is followed by a sedimentological and palaeogeographical characterization of the different cenozoic deposits, and these are correlated with the main stages of landscape evolution. The mosaic of natural land systems is further outlined by an analysis of the soil types which were developed and preserved on this sedimentary parent material. Qualitative models of the natural landscape units are proposed. This pedo-geomorphological approach aims to define functional land units, assess land potential and on-site soil fertility. Land units are mapped at different scales with a view to establish a link between fundamental research and sustainable husbandry in deprived rural areas. This should provide concerned public and private partners with appropriate management guidelines