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1
Findik, Fehim, and Kemal Ermiş. "Thermal energy storage." Sustainable Engineering and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2020): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/sei.v2i2.115.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) is an advanced energy technology that is attracting increasing interest for thermal applications such as space and water heating, cooling, and air conditioning. TES systems have enormous potential to facilitate more effective use of thermal equipment and large-scale energy substitutions that are economic. TES appears to be the most appropriate method for correcting the mismatch that sometimes occurs between the supply and demand of energy. It is therefore a very attractive technology for meeting society’s needs and desires for more efficient and environmentally benign energy use. In this study, thermal energy storage systems, energy storage and methods, hydrogen for energy storage and technologies are reviewed.
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Pompei, Laura, Fabio Nardecchia, and Adio Miliozzi. "Current, Projected Performance and Costs of Thermal Energy Storage." Processes 11, no. 3 (2023): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030729.
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The technology for storing thermal energy as sensible heat, latent heat, or thermochemical energy has greatly evolved in recent years, and it is expected to grow up to about 10.1 billion US dollars by 2027. A thermal energy storage (TES) system can significantly improve industrial energy efficiency and eliminate the need for additional energy supply in commercial and residential applications. This study is a first-of-its-kind specific review of the current projected performance and costs of thermal energy storage. This paper presents an overview of the main typologies of sensible heat (SH-TES), latent heat (LH-TES), and thermochemical energy (TCS) as well as their application in European countries. With regard to future challenges, the installation of TES systems in buildings is being implemented at a rate of 5%; cogeneration application with TES is attested to 10.2%; TES installation in the industry sector accounts for 5% of the final energy consumption. From the market perspective, the share of TES is expected to be dominated by SH-TES technologies due to their residential and industrial applications. With regard to the cost, the SH-TES system is typically more affordable than the LH-TES system or the TCS system because it consists of a simple tank containing the medium and the charging/discharging equipment.
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Mohammad, Fikrey Roslan, and Abd Karim Rafidah. "A bibliography on recent advancement in thermal energy storage – a Mini Review." Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7619927.
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The thermal energy storage (TES) system is one of the most innovative technologies available for meeting long-term energy demands. Energy storage technology has demonstrated its ability to close the energy gap between supply and demand. The storage of thermal energy (TES) building integration is expected to reduce energy demand shortages while also allowing for better energy management in the construction industry. This paper will review about recent advancements in thermal energy storage which is in mini-review. There is some point that is highlighted in the review. There is sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and thermal chemical storage and the advantage of thermal energy storage. In this review paper, recent advancement has been studied and discussed, most commercial thermal energy storage was the sensible heat storage which is most cheap and most ready to use in recent technology. While future research is needed for giving confidence to the audience to use their system, which latent heat storage and thermochemical storage provide high energy capacity and high temperature for storing effect. These technologies were come in to track which has the advantage of their effectiveness.
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Demchenko, Vladimir, Alina Konyk, and Vladimir Falko. "Mobile Thermal Energy Storage." NTU "KhPI" Bulletin: Power and heat engineering processes and equipment, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-774x.2021.03.06.
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The article is devoted to topical issues related to the storage, accumulation and transportation of heat by stationary and mobile heat storage. Analysis of the current state of the district heating system indicates significant heat losses at all stages of providing the consumer with heat. The use of heat storage in heat supply systems leads to balancing the heat supply system, namely, the peak load is reduced; heat production schedules are optimized by accumulating excess energy and using it during emergency outages; heat losses caused by uneven operation of thermal equipment during heat generation are reduced; the need for primary energy and fuel consumption is reduced, as well as the amount of harmful emissions into the environment. The main focus is on mobile thermal batteries (M-TES). The use of M-TES makes it possible to build a completely new discrete heat supply system without the traditional pipeline transport of the heat carrier. The defining parameters affecting the efficiency of the M-TES are the reliability and convenience of the design, the efficiency and volume of the “working fluid”, the operating temperature of the MTA recharging and the distance of transportation from the heat source to the consumer. The article contains examples of the implementation of mobile heat accumulators in the world and in Ukraine, their technical and technological characteristics, scope and degree of efficiency. The technical indicators of the implemented project for the creation of a mobile heat accumulator located in a 20-foot container and intended for transportation by any available means of transport are given.
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Karampudi, Nitya. "Thermal Energy Storage Technology in solar Energy Utilization: A Review." International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2, no. 2 (2023): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.62760/iteecs.2.2.2023.52.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) is a promising technique that conserves accumulated thermal energy from heat and cold mediums, making it available for future use. This method allows energy to be stored under various conditions, presenting an attractive solution for harnessing solar radiation efficiently and in large quantities. TES is becoming increasingly important as renewable electricity integration grows and the demand for low-carbon energy rises. Concentrating solar power plants benefit from TES, enabling them to store excess solar energy during peak times and utilize it during periods of lower solar radiation, ensuring a continuous power supply. Additionally, standalone TES systems for grid applications are gaining popularity, especially with the declining costs of renewable energy. These systems facilitate energy integration and help meet the increasing energy demands sustainably. Phase change materials (PCMs) play a vital role in thermal energy storage systems, contributing to effective energy conservation. Their high thermal storage density and moderate temperature volatility make them ideal for storing and releasing significant amounts of thermal energy. As a result, PCMs have gained popularity in this field. This study examines various aspects of thermal energy storage systems, with a particular focus on research articles related to storage materials and methods. It explores sensible heat storage, which involves altering material temperatures to store energy, latent heat storage that capitalizes on phase change properties like those of PCMs, chemical storage utilizing chemical reactions for energy storage, and cascaded thermal storage systems that combine different methods for optimized energy storage. By exploring these areas, this research aims to advance the understanding of thermal energy storage and contribute to the ongoing efforts in achieving sustainable and low-carbon energy solutions for the future.
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Haunstetter, Jürgen, Michael Krüger, and Stefan Zunft. "Experimental Studies on Thermal Performance and Thermo-Structural Stability of Steelmaking Slag as Inventory Material for Thermal Energy Storage." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030931.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are key components for concentrated solar power plants to improve their dispatchability and for shifting the energy production efficiently to high revenue periods. The commercial state of the art is the molten salt two tank storage technology. However, this TES confronts some issues like freezing and decomposition, which require continued technical attention. Furthermore, the molten salt itself is very expensive compared to other storage materials. A TES option that possesses a high cost reduction potential and the ability to increase the whole power plant efficiency is the regenerator-type energy storage. Here, a packed bed inventory of waste metallurgical slag from electric arc furnace (EAF) can achieve further cost reduction. Despite previous studies regarding the use of steelmaking slag as an inventory material for thermal energy storages, there are still basic questions to be answered. This work presents experimental thermal performance and thermo-structural stability studies of slag-based TES, obtained during the European project REslag. The EAF slag and different insulation options were tested for their thermomechanical strength in a uniaxial compression test rig. The thermal cyclic behavior was investigated in a pilot TES plant with temperatures up to 700 °C. The experimental results confirm the suitability of steelmaking slag as thermal energy storage inventory material. Furthermore, a comparison of experimental and simulation model results shows an agreement of over 90%.
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Lakeh, Reza Baghaei, Christopher Salerno, Ega P. Herlim, Joseph Kiriakos, and Saied Delagah. "Repurposing Reverse Osmosis Concentrate as a Low-Cost Thermal Energy Storage Medium." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 8, no. 4 (2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2020.8.4.522.
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The reject of the reverse osmosis water treatment process (aka brine, concentrate, ROC) is a mixture of salts that are dissolved in high salinity water. The ROC is classified as an industrial waste by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and can face regulatory limitations on disposal. State-of-the-art of ROC disposal includes deep-well injection, surface discharge to rivers, discharge to the ocean, and evaporation ponds. In this study, the feasibility of using Reverse Osmosis Concentrate as a low-cost Thermal Energy Storage (TES) medium is explored by a techno-economic analysis. The normalized cost of TES (cost per unit volume of stored thermal energy) is estimated through a series of cost analyses and is compared to the cost targets of the U.S. Department of Energy for low-cost thermal energy storage. It was shown that the normalized cost of TES using ROC salt content is in the range of $6.11 to $8.73 depending on ROC processing methods.
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Otto, Henning, Christian Resagk, and Christian Cierpka. "Optical Measurements on Thermal Convection Processes inside Thermal Energy Storages during Stand-By Periods." Optics 1, no. 1 (2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt1010011.
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Thermal energy storages (TES) are increasingly important for storing energy from renewable energy sources. TES that work with liquid storage materials are used in their most efficient way by stratifying the storage fluid by its thermal density gradient. Mixing of the stratification layers during stand-by periods decreases the thermal efficiency of the TES. Tank sidewalls, unlike the often poorly heat-conducting storage fluids, promote a heat flux from the hot to the cold layer and lead to thermal convection. In this experimental study planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and background-oriented schlieren (BOS) temperature measurements are performed in a model experiment of a TES to characterise the influence of the thermal convection on the stratification and thus the storage efficiency. The PIV results show two vertical, counter-directed wall jets that approach in the thermocline between the stratification layers. The wall jet in the hot part of the thermal stratification shows compared to the wall jet in the cold region strong fluctuations in the vertical velocity, that promote mixing of the two layers. The BOS measurements have proven that the technique is capable of measuring temperature fields in thermally stratified storage tanks. The density gradient field as an intermediate result during the evaluation of the temperature field can be used to indicate convective structures that are in good agreement to the measured velocity fields.
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P, Bala Subrahmanyam, and Rohit Soni Prof. "The Viability of Thermal Energy Storage and Phase Change Material A Review." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 3 (2018): 2636–41. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12776.
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Energy demands vary on daily, weekly and seasonal bases. With rising cost of energy and an increasing demand for renewable energy sources, thermal energy storage TES systems are becoming an interesting option. TES is a key component of any successful thermal system and a good TES should allow minimum thermal energy losses. Thermal energy storage is considered advanced energy technology, and there has been an increasing interest in using this essential technique for the thermal applications such as heating, hot water, air conditioning, and so on. The selection of the TES systems mainly depends on the storage period required i.e. ., diurnal or seasonal. Economic viability, operating conditions, and the like. In practice, many research and development activities related to energy have been concentrated on efficient energy use and energy savings, leading to energy conservation. Paraffin waxes are cheap and have moderate thermal energy storage density but low thermal conductivity and, hence, require a large surface area. Thermal storage has been characterized as a kind of thermal battery. So this paper emphasized on the capability of thermal energy storage system and its viability. P Bala Subrahmanyam | Prof. Rohit Soni "The Viability of Thermal Energy Storage and Phase Change Material: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12776.pdf
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Maajid, Shaik Abdul, Mohd Sajid Ahmed, Samed Saeed, Umme Salma, and Fatima Firdous Nikhat. "Development of Thermal Energy Storage Measure by the Using Thermodynamic Analysis." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (2023): 2385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i4.3442.
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The comparison between compressed air energy storage, batteries, and thermal energy storage is crucial in understanding their respective roles in meeting heating and cooling demands in an energy-efficient and cost-effective manner. This study aims to quantify the impact of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) measures on a building's heating and cooling demands, particularly focusing on system efficiency and boiler cycling. Through thermodynamic analysis and modeling of TES systems with varying storage capacities, this research aims to showcase the potential of TES in optimizing peak thermal loads, consequently reducing the required boiler or chiller capacity and enhancing overall thermal system efficiency.
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Somasundaram, S., M. K. Drost, D. R. Brown, and Z. I. Antoniak. "Coadunation of Technologies: Cogeneration and Thermal Energy Storage." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 1 (1996): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816546.
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Thermal energy storage can help cogeneration meet the energy generation challenges of the 21st century by increasing the flexibility and performance of cogeneration facilities. Thermal energy storage (TES) allows a cogeneration facility to: (1) provide dispatchable electric power while providing a constant thermal load, and (2) increase peak capacity by providing economical cooling of the combustion turbine inlet air. The particular systems that are considered in this paper are high-temperature diurnal TES, and TES for cooling the combustion turbine inlet air. The paper provides a complete assessment of the design, engineering, and economic benefits of combining TES technology with new or existing cogeneration systems, while also addressing some of the issues involved.
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Nisar, Shahim. "Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage to a Combined Heat and Power Plant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 1313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38182.
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Abstract: Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stocks thermal energy by heating or cooling a storage medium so that the stored energy can be used at a later time for heating and cooling applications and power generation. TES systems are used particularly in buildings and in industrial processes. This paper is focused on TES technologies that provide a way of valorizing solar heat and reducing the energy demand of buildings. The principles of several energy storage methods and calculation of storage capacities are described. Sensible heat storage technologies, including water tank, underground and packed-bed storage methods, are briefly reviewed. Additionally, latent-heat storage systems associated with phase-change materials for use in solar heating/cooling of buildings, solar water heating, heat-pump systems, and concentrating solar power plants as well as thermo-chemical storage are discussed. Finally, cool thermal energy storage is also briefly reviewed and outstanding information on the performance and costs of TES systems are included.
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Ali, Emad, Abdelhamid Ajbar, and Bilal Lamrani. "Numerical Investigation of Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Collective Heating of Buildings." Buildings 14, no. 1 (2024): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010141.
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This study aims to investigate and identify the most effective thermal energy storage (TES) system configuration for the collective heating of buildings. It compares three TES technologies, i.e., sensible, latent, and cascade latent shell and tube storage, and examines their respective performances. A fast and accurate lumped thermal dynamic model to efficiently simulate TES system performances under different operation conditions is developed. The validation of this model’s accuracy is achieved by aligning numerical findings with data from prior experimental studies. Key findings indicated that the latent and cascade latent shell and tube storage systems demonstrate superior thermal energy storage capacities compared to the sensible configuration. Using a single-phase change material (PCM) tank increases the duration of constant thermal power storage by about 50%, and using a cascade PCM tank further enhances this duration by approximately 65% compared to the sensible TES case. Moreover, the study revealed that adjusting the PCM composition within the cascade TES significantly influenced both thermal power storage durations and pumping energy consumption. In summary, the recommended cascade PCM configuration for collective heating of buildings offers a balanced solution, ensuring prolonged stable thermal power production, elevated HTF outlet temperatures, and improved energy efficiency, presenting promising prospects for enhancing TES systems in district heating applications.
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Yi, Joong Yong, Kyung Min Kim, Jongjun Lee, and Mun Sei Oh. "Exergy Analysis for Utilizing Latent Energy of Thermal Energy Storage System in District Heating." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071391.
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The thermal energy storage (TES) system stores the district heating (DH) water when the heating load is low. Since a TES system stores heat at atmospheric pressure, the DH water temperature of 115 °C has to be lowered to less than 100 °C. Therefore, the temperature drop of the DH water results in thermal loss during storage. In addition, the DH water must have high pressure to supply heat to DH users a long distance from the CHP plant. If heat is to be stored in the TES system, a pressure drop in the throttling valve occurs. These exergy losses, which occur in the thermal storage process of the general TES system, can be analyzed by exergy analysis to identify the location, cause and the amount of loss. This study evaluated the efficiency improvement of a TES system through exergy calculation in the heat storage process. The method involves power generation technology using the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and a hydraulic turbine. As a result, the 930 kW capacity ORC and the 270 kW capacity hydraulic turbine were considered suitable for a heat storage system that stores 3000 m3/h. In this case, each power generation facility was 50% of the thermal storage capacity, which was attributed to the variation of actual heat storage from the annual operating pattern analysis. Therefore, it was possible to produce 1200 kW of power by recovering the exergy losses. The payback period of the ORC and the hydraulic turbine will be 3.5 and 7.13 years, respectively.
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Deshmukh, Alok. "Fabrication of Heat Storage Unit Using PCM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45589.
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Abstract - Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies are essential for addressing the discrepancies between energy supply and demand, ensuring that energy is available when and where it is needed. This is particularly important in applications where energy production and consumption do not align, such as in solar energy systems, where energy is only available during daylight hours, but demand may extend into the night. TES systems bridge this gap by storing thermal energy during periods of excess and releasing it when demand is high. The implementation of TES enhances the overall efficiency of heating and cooling systems by optimizing energy use and reducing waste Key Words: phase change materials; thermal energy storage; energy efficiency; latent heat storage; heat recovery system
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Elkhatat, Ahmed, and Shaheen A. Al-Muhtaseb. "Combined “Renewable Energy–Thermal Energy Storage (RE–TES)” Systems: A Review." Energies 16, no. 11 (2023): 4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114471.
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Current industrial civilization relies on conventional energy sources and utilizes large and inefficient energy conversion systems. Increasing concerns regarding conventional fuel supplies and their environmental impacts (including greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change) have promoted the importance of renewable energy (RE) sources for generating electricity and heat. This comprehensive review investigates integrating renewable energy sources (RES) with thermal energy storage (TES) systems, focusing on recent advancements and innovative approaches. Various RES (including solar, wind, geothermal, and ocean energy sources) are integrated with TES technologies such as sensible and latent TES systems. This review highlights the advantages and challenges of integrating RES and TES systems, emphasizing the importance of hybridizing multiple renewable energy sources to compensate for their deficiencies. Valuable outputs from these integrated systems (such as hydrogen production, electric power and freshwater) are discussed. The overall significance of RES–TES hybrid systems in addressing global energy demand and resource challenges is emphasized, demonstrating their potential to substitute fossil-fuel sources. This review provides a thorough understanding of the current state of RES–TES integration and offers insights into future developments in optimizing the utilization of renewable energy sources.
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CARAMITU, Alina Ruxandra, and Magdalena Valentina LUNGU. "An Overview of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Materials and Systems for Storage Applications." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 72, no. 4 (2024): 28–42. https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.24.72.4.1108003.
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This paper presents an overview of thermal energy storage (TES) materials and systems for storage applications. A TES system is composed of a storage medium (TES material), a heat exchanger and a storage tank. TES systems employ storage technology by heating/cooling a medium so that the stored energy can be used later in various applications. In recent years, TES systems have attained significant interest in the scientific community, finding multiple applications in air heating/cooling, water heating, buildings, and more. TES systems depend on capacity, power, efficiency, storage period, and cost. TES systems are divided into three main categories, depending on how the energy is stored: sensible systems (with hot water), systems using phase change materials (PCMs), and systems based on chemical reactions. Among these three types, PCM-based systems are outstanding in terms of both performance and cost-effectiveness. These advanced materials contribute to the conservation of heat and solar energy, as well as improving their efficient use. This paper addresses different aspects of PCMs utilization. The classification of PCMs is based on the thermophysical properties of composite PCMs, their methods of production, the main challenges associated with them, and the solutions to these challenges. The progress in creating more efficient TES systems and finding the appropriate PCMs is also reviewed.
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Tan, Simon, and Andrew Wahlen. "Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage: An analysis on the effect of thermal energy storage insulation thermal conductivity on round-trip efficiency." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 6 (May 24, 2019): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v6i0.1547.
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Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) has demonstrated promising potential for widescale use in the power distribution network, especially where renewables are concerned.Current plants are inefficient when compared to other technologies such as battery and pumped hydro. Presently, the greatest round-trip efficiency of any commercial CAES plant is 54% (McIntosh Plant), while the highest energy efficiency of any experimental plant is 66-70% (ADELE Project). So far, Adiabatic CAES systems have yielded promising results with round-trip efficiencies generally ranging between 65-75%, with some small-scale system models yielding round-trip efficiencies exceeding 90%. Thus far, minimal research has been devoted to analysing the thermodynamic effects of the thermal energy storage (TES) insulation. This metastudy identifies current industry and research trends pertaining to ACAES with a focus on the TES insulation supported by model simulations. Charged standby time and insulation of the TES on overall system efficiency was determined by performing a thermodynamic analysis of an ACAES system using packed bed heat exchangers (PBHE) for TES. The results provide insight into the effect various insulators, including concrete, glass wool and silica-aerogel, have on exergy loss in the TES and overall system efficiency. TES insulation should be carefully considered and selected according to the expected duration of fully charged standby time of the ACAES system.
 Keywords: Compressed air energy storage; adiabatic compressed air energy storage; thermal energy storage; thermodynamic efficiency; renewable energy storage, packed bed heat exchanger
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Amin, N. A. M., Mohd Azizi Said, Azizul Mohamad, et al. "Mathematical Modeling on Thermal Energy Storage Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.553.
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Mathematical representations of the encapsulated phase change material (PCM) within thermal energy storage (TES) models are investigated. Applying the Effectiveness - Number of Transfer Unit (ɛ-NTU) method, the performances of these TES are presented in terms of the effectiveness considering the impact of different variable parameters. The mathematical formulations summarized can be used for future research work with the suggestion to maximize the heat transfer within the storage. Thus the optimisation on the configuration of the encapsulation can be done through a parametric analysis.
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Mao, Qianjun, Ning Liu, and Li Peng. "Recent Investigations of Phase Change Materials Use in Solar Thermal Energy Storage System." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (December 12, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9410560.
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Solar thermal energy storage (TES) is an efficient way to solve the conflict between unsteady input energy and steady output energy in concentrating solar power plant. The latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system is a main method of storing thermal energy using phase change materials (PCMs). Thermal properties, that is, melting points and latent heat, are the key parameters of PCMs for the TES system. In this paper, the PCMs are classified into inorganic and organic by the chemical composition, and according to the melting point, the inorganic PCMs can be divided into three contributions: low-temperature heat storage (less than 120°C), medium-temperature heat storage (120–300°C), and high-temperature heat storage (more than 300°C). The present article focuses mainly on the recent investigations on the melting point and latent heat of PCMs via DSC setup in the solar TES systems. The results can provide a good reference for the selection and utilization of PCMs in the solar TES systems.
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Gkoutzamanis, Vasilis, Anastasia Chatziangelidou, Theofilos Efstathiadis, Anestis Kalfas, Alberto Traverso, and Justin Chiu. "Thermal Energy Storage For Gas Turbine Power Augmentation." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 3 (July 19, 2019): 592–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/jgpps/110254.
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This work is concerned with the investigation of thermal energy storage (TES) in relation to gas turbine inlet air cooling. The utilization of such techniques in simple gas turbine or combined cycle plants leads to improvement of flexibility and overall performance. Its scope is to review the various methods used to provide gas turbine power augmentation through inlet cooling and focus on the rising opportunities when these are combined with thermal energy storage. The results show that there is great potential in such systems due to their capability to provide intake conditioning of the gas turbine, decoupled from the ambient conditions. Moreover, latent heat TES have the strongest potential (compared to sensible heat TES) towards integrated inlet conditioning systems, making them a comparable solution to the more conventional cooling methods and uniquely suitable for energy production applications where stabilization of GT air inlet temperature is a requisite. Considering the system’s thermophysical, environmental and economic characteristics, employing TES leads to more than 10% power augmentation.
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Brunelli, Luca, Emiliano Borri, Anna Laura Pisello, Andrea Nicolini, Carles Mateu, and Luisa F. Cabeza. "Thermal Energy Storage in Energy Communities: A Perspective Overview through a Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 16, no. 14 (2024): 5895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145895.
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The climate and energy crisis requires immediate countermeasures. Renewable energy communities (RECs) are capable of enhancing the consumption of renewable energy, involving citizens with a leading role in the energy transition process. The main objective of a REC is to maximize the consumption of renewable energy by reducing the mismatch between energy supply and demand. This is possible through the use of strategies and technologies including energy storage systems. Among these, the use of thermal energy storage (TES) is an efficient strategy due to the lower investment required compared to other storage technologies, like electric batteries. This study aims to define the role of TES in RECs, through a bibliometric analysis, in order to highlight research trends and possible gaps. This study shows that the existing literature on TES does not present terms related to RECs, thus presenting a research gap. On the other hand, RESs address the topic of energy storage in the literature, without focusing on TES in particular but considering the general aspect of the topic. Therefore, this leaves open a possibility for the development of research on TES as a possible technology applied to a REC to maximize the renewable energy sharing.
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Guo, Xiaofeng, Alain Pascal Goumba, and Cheng Wang. "Comparison of Direct and Indirect Active Thermal Energy Storage Strategies for Large-Scale Solar Heating Systems." Energies 12, no. 10 (2019): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101948.
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Large-scale solar heating for the building sector requires an adequate Thermal Energy Storage (TES) strategy. TES plays the role of load shifting between the energy demand and the solar irradiance and thus makes the annual production optimal. In this study, we report a simplified algorithm uniquely based on energy flux, to evaluate the role of active TES on the annual performance of a large-scale solar heating for residential thermal energy supply. The program considers different types of TES, i.e., direct and indirect, as well as their specifications in terms of capacity, storage density, charging/discharging limits, etc. Our result confirms the auto-regulation ability of indirect (latent using Phase Change Material (PCM), or Borehole thermal storage (BTES) in soil) TES which makes the annual performance comparable to that of direct (sensible with hot water) TES. The charging and discharging restrictions of the latent TES, until now considered as a weak point, could retard the achievement of fully-charged situation and prolong the charging process. With its compact volume, the indirect TES turns to be promising for large-scale solar thermal application.
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Aziz, Nursyazwani Abdul, Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin, Mohd Shukry Abd Majid, and Izzudin Zaman. "Thermal energy storage (TES) technology for active and passive cooling in buildings: A Review." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822503022.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) system is one of the outstanding technologies available contributes for achieving sustainable energy demand. The energy storage system has been proven capable of narrowing down the energy mismatch between energy supply and demand. The thermal energy storage (TES) - buildings integration is expected to minimize the energy demand shortage and also offers for better energy management in building sector. This paper presents a state of art of the active and passive TES technologies integrated in the building sector. The integration method, advantages and disadvantages of both techniques were discussed. The TES for low energy building is inevitably needed. This study prescribes that the integration of TES system for both active and passive cooling techniques are proven to be beneficial towards a better energy management in buildings.
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Rahjoo, Mohammad, Guido Goracci, Juan J. Gaitero, Pavel Martauz, Esther Rojas, and Jorge S. Dolado. "Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Prototype Based on Geopolymer Concrete for High-Temperature Applications." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207086.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are dependent on materials capable of operating at elevated temperatures for their performance and for prevailing as an integral part of industries. High-temperature TES assists in increasing the dispatchability of present power plants as well as increasing the efficiency in heat industry applications. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based concretes are widely used as a sensible TES material in different applications. However, their performance is limited to operation temperatures below 400 °C due to the thermal degradation processes in its structure. In the present work, the performance and heat storage capacity of geopolymer-based concrete (GEO) have been studied experimentally and a comparison was carried out with OPC-based materials. Two thermal scenarios were examined, and results indicate that GEO withstand high running temperatures, higher than 500 °C, revealing higher thermal storage capacity than OPC-based materials. The high thermal energy storage, along with the high thermal diffusion coefficient at high temperatures, makes GEO a potential material that has good competitive properties compared with OPC-based TES. Experiments show the ability of geopolymer-based concrete for thermal energy storage applications, especially in industries that require feasible material for operation at high temperatures.
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Kolasiński, Piotr, and Sindu Daniarta. "Sizing the thermal energy storage (TES) device for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 345 (2021): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134500018.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) became one of the main research topics in modern power engineering. The design of TES devices and systems depend on their application. Different thermal energy storage materials (e.g., solids, liquids, or phase change materials) can be applied in TES devices. The selection of the thermal energy storage material depends mainly on the thermal power and operating temperature range of the TES device. These devices and systems are applied in different energy conversion systems, including solar power plants or combined heat and power (CHP) stations. The application of TES devices is also considered in the case of other industries, such as metallurgy. The possible application of TES devices is particularly promising in the case of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems. These systems are often utilizing floating heat sources such as solar energy, waste heat, etc. TES device can be therefore applied as the evaporator of the ORC system in order to stabilize these fluctuations. In this paper, the possible thermal energy storage materials used in TES devices applied in ORCs are discussed. Moreover, the modelling results are reported related to assessment parameters which can be applied to size the TES device for ORC system utilizing different low-boiling working fluids. The thermal properties of working fluids are taken from CoolProp. The function of heat capacity of different TES materials is also provided and the calculation is computed by employing MATLAB. The result shows that based on the simulation, the gradient of the natural characteristic of TES with working fluids (ζ(Tb)) tends to decrease. The presented result in this paper gives a new point of view which can be used by scientists and engineers during the design and implementation of TES evaporators dedicated to ORC power systems.
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Cacciali, Luca, Lorenzo Battisti, and Enrico Benini. "Maximizing Efficiency in Compressed Air Energy Storage: Insights from Thermal Energy Integration and Optimization." Energies 17, no. 7 (2024): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071552.
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Motivated by the suboptimal performances observed in existing compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems, this work focuses on the efficiency optimization of CAES through thermal energy storage (TES) integration. The research explores the dependence of CAES performance on power plant layout, charging time, discharging time, available power, and cavern volume. Hence, a range of solutions are examined, encompassing both solid and liquid TES options, alongside the potential utilization of external air heaters. Inefficiencies in solid TES due to significant retention of thermal power within the medium after complete discharge are identified and mitigated through optimization strategies. In addition, solutions to prevent ice formation at the low-pressure expander phase are suggested to avoid icing issues in CAES layouts with liquid TES. Through this comprehensive investigation, the study provides valuable insights into enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of CAES systems. By constructing a volume–power–time conversion table, the research contributes to the advancement of CAES technology, facilitating more efficient energy storage and utilization, thereby addressing critical challenges in the field of energy storage.
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Szybiak, Maciej, and Maciej Jaworski. "Design of thermal energy storage unit for Compressed Air Energy Storage system." E3S Web of Conferences 70 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187001015.
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The aim of this paper is to present a new concept of a high-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) for the application in the compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems. The proposed storage unit combines the advantages of pressurized containers with packed beds, e.g. of rocks, with the strengths of non-pressurized systems such as those encountered in CSP plants. Designed TES unit consists of the heat exchanger located inside a high-temperature thermocline-type vessel with molten HITEC® salt used as a heat storing material. In terms of the geometry of the designed heat exchanger, a tube-in-tube helical coil type was chosen due to its higher convective heat transfer coefficients in comparison with straight tubes. To find the most suitable case, four helical coils with different dimensions (diameter, pitch) were considered. Heat transfer and pressure drop analysis for each configuration were conducted. In particular, convective and overall heat transfer coefficients as well as friction factors were computed based on the empirical correlations. To verify the obtained results, the analysis based on numerical approach has been carried out with the use of ANSYS Fluent software for the most suitable case.
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V., Naresh, Gnanavel M., Prabhu S., and Murugan K. "Performance of Thermal Energy Storage System Using Cylindrical Encapsulated PCM." Research and Applications of Thermal Engineering 8, no. 1 (2025): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15201122.
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<em>Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are essential for improving energy efficiency and facilitating the use of renewable energy sources. This research examines the performance of a TES system that employs cylindrical encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) to enhance thermal regulation and optimize energy storage capabilities. The encapsulation of PCM in cylindrical containers ensures structural stability, reduces leakage, and enhances thermal conductivity through optimized heat transfer surfaces. A comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the thermal performance, charging/discharging characteristics, and energy storage capacity of the system. Key parameters such as heat transfer rates, melting and solidification times, and thermal stratification are examined. The effects of PCM properties, encapsulation dimensions, and operating conditions on system efficiency are analyzed.</em> <em> </em> <em>The findings demonstrate that cylindrical encapsulated PCM enhances thermal energy storage efficiency by offering greater energy density, improved thermal stability, and a more uniform temperature distribution. The findings demonstrate that this approach can be effectively applied to solar energy systems, HVAC systems, and industrial waste heat recovery processes. This research contributes to the development of advanced TES systems by addressing challenges related to heat transfer enhancement and energy storage efficiency, promoting sustainable energy solutions.</em>
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Jaymin Pareshkumar Shah. "Performance analysis and optimization of next-generation thermal energy storage." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 12, no. 1 (2024): 514–27. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.12.1.0209.
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Thermal energy storage can play a very important role in improving energy efficiency and integrating renewable energy into large-scale applications. This paper reviews the different types of TES technologies, their applications, challenges, and future prospects. The work describes the key technical constrains, economic and environment concerns, and political and regulatory frameworks which determine the uptake of TES systems. Issues related to improved materials, optimized systems, and integration with new energy technologies are considered in order to determine the future potentials of TES in sustainable energy solutions. The study finds that despite the high potentials TES technologies offer in energy supply stabilization and improving grid reliability, the technologies have scalability challenges; challenges in cost of materials; and efficiency of systems. Solutions for the challenges required continuous research in advanced thermal storage materials, better system designs, and supportive policy interventions. Some areas recommended for future research include exploration of new storage media, development of high efficiency thermal cycles even for high temperature operations, and hybrid energy systems for improving the performance of TES. This paper also demonstrates the great importance of TES in the sustainable and resilient energy future.
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Schiess, Klaus. "Demand Shifting Will Boost Thermal Energy Storage (TES)." Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 18, no. 4 (1999): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485236.1999.10530568.
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Enescu, Diana, Gianfranco Chicco, Radu Porumb, and George Seritan. "Thermal Energy Storage for Grid Applications: Current Status and Emerging Trends." Energies 13, no. 2 (2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020340.
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Thermal energy systems (TES) contribute to the on-going process that leads to higher integration among different energy systems, with the aim of reaching a cleaner, more flexible and sustainable use of the energy resources. This paper reviews the current literature that refers to the development and exploitation of TES-based solutions in systems connected to the electrical grid. These solutions facilitate the energy system integration to get additional flexibility for energy management, enable better use of variable renewable energy sources (RES), and contribute to the modernisation of the energy system infrastructures, the enhancement of the grid operation practices that include energy shifting, and the provision of cost-effective grid services. This paper offers a complementary view with respect to other reviews that deal with energy storage technologies, materials for TES applications, TES for buildings, and contributions of electrical energy storage for grid applications. The main aspects addressed are the characteristics, parameters and models of the TES systems, the deployment of TES in systems with variable RES, microgrids, and multi-energy networks, and the emerging trends for TES applications.
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Arévalo, Paul, Danny Ochoa-Correa, and Edisson Villa-Ávila. "Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Energy: A Review of Recent Developments." Processes 12, no. 9 (2024): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12091844.
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This review highlights the latest advancements in thermal energy storage systems for renewable energy, examining key technological breakthroughs in phase change materials (PCMs), sensible thermal storage, and hybrid storage systems. Practical applications in managing solar and wind energy in residential and industrial settings are analyzed. Current challenges and research opportunities are discussed, providing an overview of the field’s current and future state. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 1040 articles were initially screened, resulting in 49 high-quality studies included in the final synthesis. These studies were grouped into innovations in TES systems, advancements in PCMs, thermal management and efficiency, and renewable energy integration with TES. The review underscores significant progress and identifies future research directions to enhance TES’s efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in renewable energy applications.
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BIELSA LINAZA, DANIEL, Abdessamad Faik, and PEDRO LUIS ARIAS ERGUETA. "THERMOCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANTS, A CRITICAL REVIEW." DYNA 98, no. 6 (2023): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10934.
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Thermal energy storage, known as TES, allows detaching the energy production from the demand. TES is especially appropriate to be used in concentrated solar power plants, where the energy is produced as heat. TES systems can be classified in three different technologies: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and chemical heat storage. Currently, commercially available TES systems are based on sensible heat storage using molten salt stored in a double tank system. The other two technologies present a theoretical higher energy density but they are not mature yet to be commercially implemented. Among these systems, thermochemical heat storage has attracted the attention of the research community during the last decades and start to present promising results at relevant scale. The extremely high energy storage density and operation temperatures opens the door to a powerful and dynamic way of storing thermal energy for the plants of the future operating at higher temperatures. In this paper a review of the main experimental results concerning thermochemical energy storage for concentrated solar power plants is presented. A comprehensive review of metal oxides and redox reactions has been included, considering that the operation temperatures and the possibility of using natural air as the heat transfer fluid turns this approach into a very interesting solution for a new generation of concentrated solar power plants. Keywords: ?Thermal energy storage, Concentrated Solar Power, Thermochemical heat storage, Redox
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Biyanto, Totok R., Akhmad F. Alhikami, Gunawan Nugroho, et al. "Thermal Energy Storage Optimization in Shopping Center Buildings." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 47, no. 5 (2015): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.5.7.
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In this research, cooling system optimization using thermal energy storage (TES) in shopping center buildings was investigated. Cooling systems in commercial buildings account for up to 50% of their total energy consumption. This incurs high electricity costs related to the tariffs determined by the Indonesian government with the price during peak hours up to twice higher than during off-peak hours. Considering the problem, shifting the use of electrical load away from peak hours is desirable. This may be achieved by using a cooling system with TES. In a TES system, a chiller produces cold water to provide the required cooling load and saves it to a storage tank. Heat loss in the storage tank has to be considered because greater heat loss requires additional chiller capacity and investment costs. Optimization of the cooling system was done by minimizing the combination of chiller capacity, cooling load and heat loss using simplex linear programming. The results showed that up to 20% electricity cost savings can be achieved for a standalone shopping center building.
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Rahjoo, Mohammad, Guido Goracci, Pavel Martauz, Esther Rojas, and Jorge S. Dolado. "Geopolymer Concrete Performance Study for High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Applications." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031937.
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Solar energy is an energy intermittent source that faces a substantial challenge for its power dispatchability. Hence, concentrating solar power (CSP) plants and solar process heat (SPH) applications employ thermal energy storage (TES) technologies as a link between power generation and optimal load distribution. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based materials are widely used in sensible TES, but their use is limited to operation temperatures below 400 to 500 °C because of thermal degradation processes. This work proposes a geopolymer (GEO)-based concrete as a suitable alternative to OPC concrete for TES that withstands high running temperatures, higher than 500 °C. To this end, thermophysical properties of a geopolymer-based concrete sample were initially measured experimentally; later, energy storage capacity and thermal behavior of the GEO sample were modeled numerically. In fact, different thermal scenarios were modeled, revealing that GEO-based concrete can be a sound choice due to its thermal energy storage capacity, high thermal diffusivity and capability to work at high temperature regimes.
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K A, Akhil. "Graphene Aerogel Based Thermal Energy Storage Using PCM." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem47717.
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This study presents a comprehensive review of graphene aerogel-based composites developed for thermal energy storage (TES) and insulation applications. Graphene aerogels, known for their ultra-low density, high porosity, and exceptional thermal stability, serve as a promising matrix for embedding phase change materials (PCMs) such as polyethylene glycol and inorganic salts. The integration of zeolites further enhances the composite’s performance by enabling moisture regulation and improving latent heat retention. These multifunctional composites demonstrate high thermal conductivity, excellent energy storage capacity, and structural integrity, making them suitable for aerospace, building insulation, and advanced thermal management systems. The proposed multilayer composite structure—comprising a graphene aerogel matrix, embedded PCM layer, zeolite layer, and a final insulating aerogel layer—offers a novel approach to achieving efficient, compact, and stable TES solutions. Keywords:. Graphene Aerogel, Phase Change Material (PCM), Thermal Energy Storage, Zeolites, Thermal Insulation, Aerospace Applications
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Yang, Qi Chao. "Study on LiBr-H2O Absorption Refrigeration System with Integral Storage." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.752.
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The absorption thermal energy storage (TES) system stores the energy in the form of potential energy of solution and is a promising technology for efficient energy transformation process. The performance of the absorption refrigeration system with integral storage for cooling applications using LiBr-H2O as working pair under the condition without crystallization was analyzed on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. Simulation was employed to determine the coefficient of performance (COP) and energy storage density (ESD) of the absorption TES system under different conditions such as the absorption temperature and storage temperature. The results show that the COP of the system is 0.7453 and ESD is 169.853 MJ/m3 under typical operation conditions in summer. A low absorption temperature yields both a higher COP and ESD. The solution heat exchanger could improve the COP of the system while has no effect on ESD. Results also showed that system has a good advantage when compared to other storage methods since it is do no need thermal insulation. The absorption TES may be considered as one of the promising thermal energy storage methods.
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Zheng, Ning, and R. A. Wirtz. "A Hybrid Thermal Energy Storage Device, Part 2: Thermal Performance Figures of Merit." Journal of Electronic Packaging 126, no. 1 (2004): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1646420.
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Two figures of merit for hybrid Thermal Energy Storage (TES) units are developed: the volumetric figure of merit, V˜, and the temperature control figure of merit, ΔT˜. A dimensional analysis shows that these quantities are related to the performance specification of the storage unit and its physical design. A previously benchmarked semi-empirical finite volume model is used to study the characteristics of various plate-type TES-unit designs. A parametric study is used to create a database of optimal designs, which is then used to form simple correlations of V˜ and ΔT˜ in terms of design requirements and attributes. A preliminary design procedure utilizing these figures of merit is suggested. Sample calculations show that these correlations can be used to quickly determine the design attributes of a plate-type TES-unit, given design requirements.
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Almousa, Norah Hamad, Maha R. Alotaibi, Mohammad Alsohybani, et al. "Paraffin Wax [As a Phase Changing Material (PCM)] Based Composites Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Development." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080951.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies are considered as enabling and supporting technologies for more sustainable and reliable energy generation methods such as solar thermal and concentrated solar power. A thorough investigation of the TES system using paraffin wax (PW) as a phase changing material (PCM) should be considered. One of the possible approaches for improving the overall performance of the TES system is to enhance the thermal properties of the energy storage materials of PW. The current study investigated some of the properties of PW doped with nano-additives, namely, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNs), forming a nanocomposite PCM. The paraffin/MWCNT composite PCMs were tailor-made for enhanced and efficient TES applications. The thermal storage efficiency of the current TES bed system was approximately 71%, which is significant. Scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) characterization showed the physical incorporation of MWCNTs with PW, which was achieved by strong interfaces without microcracks. In addition, the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) experimental results of this composite PCM showed good chemical compatibility and thermal stability. This was elucidated based on the observed similar thermal mass loss profiles as well as the identical chemical bond peaks for all of the tested samples (PW, CNT, and PW/CNT composites).
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Kim, Min-Hwi, Youngsub An, Hong-Jin Joo, Dong-Won Lee, and Jae-Ho Yun. "Self-Sufficiency and Energy Savings of Renewable Thermal Energy Systems for an Energy-Sharing Community." Energies 14, no. 14 (2021): 4284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144284.
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Due to increased grid problems caused by renewable energy systems being used to realize zero energy buildings and communities, the importance of energy sharing and self-sufficiency of renewable energy also increased. In this study, the energy performance of an energy-sharing community was investigated to improve its energy efficiency and renewable energy self-sufficiency. For a case study, a smart village was selected via detailed simulation. In this study, the thermal energy for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water was produced by ground source heat pumps, which were integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) with solar energy systems. We observed that the ST system integrated with TES showed higher self-sufficiency with grid interaction than the PV and PVT systems. This was due to the heat pump system being connected to thermal energy storage, which was operated as an energy storage system. Consequently, we also found that the ST system had a lower operating energy, CO2 emissions, and operating costs compared with the PV and PVT systems.
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Hayatina, Isye, Amar Auckaili, and Mohammed Farid. "Review on the Life Cycle Assessment of Thermal Energy Storage Used in Building Applications." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031170.
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To reduce building sector CO2 emissions, integrating renewable energy and thermal energy storage (TES) into building design is crucial. TES provides a way of storing thermal energy during high renewable energy production for use later during peak energy demand in buildings. The type of thermal energy stored in TES can be divided into three categories: sensible, latent, and sorption/chemical. Unlike sensible TES, latent TES and sorption/chemical TES have not been widely applied; however, they have the advantage of a higher energy density, making them effective for building applications. Most TES research focuses on technical design and rarely addresses its environmental, social, and cost impact. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an internationally standardized method for evaluating the environmental impacts of any process. Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is an expansion of LCA, including economic and social sustainability assessments. This paper aims to provide a literature review of the LCA and LCSA of TES, specifically for building applications. Concerning the low technology readiness level (TRL) of several TES systems, the challenges and benefits of conducting LCA for these systems are highlighted. Furthermore, based on published studies on emerging technologies for LCA, a suggested procedure to carry out the LCA of TES with low TRL is presented.
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Yohannis, Eyosiyas, Balewgize Amare Zeru, and Nebiyu Bogale. "Comparative CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage with and without Fins for Solar Energy Storage." American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics 3, no. 1 (2024): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v3i1.2564.
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Solar energy storage faces challenges due to its intermittent nature. Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage (PC-TES) offers a promising solution, utilizing materials that store energy by changing their phase. This study presents a comprehensive Comparative Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis aimed at evaluating the heat transfer enhancement in phase change thermal energy storage configurations with and without fins. The numerical simulations, conducted using ANSYS (fluent), investigate the dynamic interactions within the system during the charging phase. We developed detailed CFD models representing PC-TES systems with and without fins, investigating their thermal performance during melting under controlled conditions. The analysis focused on quantifying the impact of fins on key metrics like melting time and temperature distribution. Our results demonstrate the significant benefits of fin integration. Fins enhanced heat transfer area, leading to 33.33% faster melting compared to finless configurations. They created uniform temperature distribution by minimizing the thermal gradient within PCM. This thermal enhancement is due to combined effect of using Nanofluid as heat transfer fluid and use of fins. Overall, this study concludes that incorporating fins in PC-TES systems offers a potent strategy for significantly improved heat transfer and faster energy storage, highlighting their potential for efficient and cost-effective solar energy capture and utilization.
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V., Naresh, Jeneshkumar M., Indirakumar L., and Gnanavel M. "Performance of Different Configuration of Sensible Storage Using TRNSYS." Recent Trends in Production Engineering 8, no. 1 (2025): 33–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15174309.
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<em>Sensible heat storage plays a crucial role in thermal energy systems, enabling efficient energy management and improving system performance. This study evaluates the performance of different configurations of sensible storage using TRNSYS, a widely used simulation tool for transient energy system analysis. Various storage materials, tank geometries, and operational strategies are analyzed to determine their impact on thermal efficiency, heat losses, and energy storage capacity. The simulations explore both single-tank and multi-tank configurations under different charging and discharging conditions. Key performance indicators, including temperature distribution, stratification effectiveness, and overall system efficiency, are assessed to identify optimal storage configurations for diverse applications. The results provide valuable insights into designing and optimizing sensible storage systems for improved energy efficiency and sustainability.</em>
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Pfleger, Nicole, Thomas Bauer, Claudia Martin, Markus Eck, and Antje Wörner. "Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (July 9, 2015): 1487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.154.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) is capable to reduce the demand of conventional energy sources for two reasons: First, they prevent the mismatch between the energy supply and the power demand when generating electricity from renewable energy sources. Second, utilization of waste heat in industrial processes by thermal energy storage reduces the final energy consumption. This review focuses mainly on material aspects of alkali nitrate salts. They include thermal properties, thermal decomposition processes as well as a new method to develop optimized salt systems.
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Sai Lokeshwar A, Ravi Kumar K V, and Balajee J. "Bio-Thermal Hybrid Storage (BTHS): Transforming Waste into Watts." International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology 09, Special Issue (2025): 63–69. https://doi.org/10.47001/irjiet/2025.inspire11.
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The increased demand for sustainable energy has driven the development of more flexible mid-term energy storage solutions. The Bio-Thermal Hybrid Storage System (BTHS), which integrates Thermal Energy Storage (TES), waste incineration, and biogas generation, aims to enhance energy access in remote regions while solving the problem of waste management. Non-recyclable inorganic waste is combusted to generate additional heat, which is then stored in TES for later use. Organic waste is also converted into biogas, which can subsequently be used to generate electricity. This strategy helps to strengthen the energy economy by increasing the capture of usable energy while reducing dependence on landfills for waste disposal.
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Kumar, Om Prakash, and Amit Shrivastava. "Optimization of PCM Properties for Thermal Energy Storage in Solar Parabolic Trough Systems: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (2023): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55965.
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Abstract: Solar Parabolic Trough Systems (PTS) are highly efficient solar thermal technologies for converting concentrated solar radiation into thermal energy. However, their intermittent energy production, primarily due to variations in solar availability, underscores the necessity for effective thermal energy storage (TES) solutions. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have emerged as a promising means to store and release thermal energy efficiently. This study focuses on the critical task of optimizing PCM properties to enhance thermal energy storage within Solar Parabolic Trough Systems. The selection and fine-tuning of PCM properties are paramount to achieving superior TES performance. Parameters under scrutiny include the melting temperature, latent heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. Each of these factors plays a pivotal role in the overall efficiency and economic viability of PCM-based TES systems integrated with PTS. Through a thorough review of existing research and recent advancements in the field, this study sheds light on the profound impact of tailored PCM properties. It demonstrates how optimizing these properties can lead to substantial improvements in energy storage capacity, system efficiency, and overall cost-effectiveness. Such optimizations are crucial not only for enhancing the competitiveness of solar thermal technology but also for promoting sustainable energy utilization. The investigation presented herein underscores the significance of PCM property optimization as a strategic pathway toward advancing solar thermal technology. By maximizing energy storage capacity, minimizing thermal losses, and optimizing cost factors, we can unlock the full potential of PTS, making them more reliable and accessible for meeting the world's growing energy demands. This research serves as a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, and stakeholders working towards the integration of PCM-based TES with solar thermal systems. Ultimately, it contributes to the realization of a cleaner, more sustainable energy future, addressing the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and our reliance on non-renewable energy sources
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Rosen, M. A. "Appropriate Thermodynamic Performance Measures for Closed Systems for Thermal Energy Storage." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 114, no. 2 (1992): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929986.
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Several definitions of energy and exergy efficiency for closed systems for thermal energy storage (TES) are developed and discussed. A simple model is utilized in which heat quantities are transferred at specified temperatures to and from a TES. Efficiency definitions are considered for the overall storage process and for the three component periods which comprise a complete storage process (charging, storing, and discharging). It is found that (1) appropriate forms for both energy and exergy efficiency definitions depend on which quantities are considered to be products and inputs; (2) different efficiency definitions are appropriate in different applications; (3) comparisons of different TES systems can only yield logical results it they are based on a common definition, regardless of whether energy or exergy quantities are considered; and (4) exergy efficiencies are generally more meaningful and illuminating than energy efficiencies for evaluating and comparing TES systems. A realistic, but simplified, illustrative example is presented. The efficiency definitions should prove useful in the development of valid and generally accepted standards for the evaluation and comparison of different TES systems.
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Gorás, M., Z. Vranayová, and F. Vranay. "The trend of using solar energy of a green intelligent building and thermal energy storage to reduce the energy intensity of the building." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1209, no. 1 (2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1209/1/012069.
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Abstract The trend is to reduce the energy intensity of buildings. Thermal energy storage (TES) is the biggest challenge for buildings. It is a technology that supplies thermal energy by heating or cooling a tank, which then serves for the system in the building. Comparison of hitherto known systems ATES, BTES, PTES and research TTES. The most important factors for the accumulation of thermal energy are capacity (the energy stored in the system - depends on the storage process, the medium, and the size of the system), power (how fast the energy stored in the system can be discharged and charged), efficiency (the ratio of the energy provided to the user to the energy needed to charge the storage system. It accounts for the energy loss during the storage period and the charging/discharging cycle), storage (how long the energy is stored and lasts hours to months), charging and discharging (how much time is needed to charge or discharge the system), and cost (refers to capacity (€/kWh) or power (€/kW) of the TES system and depends on the capital and operation costs of the storage equipment and its lifetime).
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Kuta, Marta, Dominika Matuszewska, and Tadeusz M. Wójcik. "Maximization of performance of a PCM – based thermal energy storage systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 213 (2019): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921302049.
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Phase change materials (PCMs) are significant in terms of applicability for the thermal energy storage (TES). Thanks to the high thermal storage density and wide range of phase transition temperature they are promising storage mediums for a large number of applications. PCMs can be used to support efficient use of waste or excess heat. Selection of adequate material as well as design of optimal TES magazine are crucial. It is important to choose material which is characterized by suitable temperature range of phase transition, possibly high latent heat of transition, specific heat and thermal conductivity. Also important features are: ability to work properly after many operation cycles, minimum volume change and gas generation during the phase transition. It is also advantageous when PCM is non-toxic and non-corrosive, non-flammable, non-explosive, environment friendly and easy to recycle. Even the best designed PCMs would not be able to store heat efficiently if the whole magazine and its construction were not good enough. This is the reason why a lot of effort is taken to design effective TES system. The aim of this work is to analyse examples of different configurations of PCM – based thermal energy storage systems. Authors compare selected TES systems and discuss their characteristics.