Academic literature on the topic 'Test data Valid slice'
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Journal articles on the topic "Test data Valid slice"
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Mitra, Sanjoy, and Debaprasad Das. "A SoC-IP Core Test Data Compression Scheme based on Error Correcting Hamming Codes." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 3 (2018): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp933-940.
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As system-on-chip (SoC) integration is growing very rapidly, increased circuit densities in SoC have lead a radical increase in test data volume and reduction of this large test data volume is one of the biggest challenges in the testing industry. This paper presents an efficient test independent compression scheme primarily based on the error correcting Hamming codes. The scheme operates on the pre-computed test data without the need of structural information of the circuit under test and thus it is applicable for IP cores in SoC. Test vectors are equally sliced into the size of ‘<em>n’</em> bits. Individual slices are treated as a Hamming codeword consisting of ‘<em>p’</em> parity bits and ‘<em>d’</em> data bits (<em>n = d + p)</em> and validity of each codeword is verified. If a valid slice is encountered<em>’</em> data bits prefixed by ‘<em>1’</em> are written to the compressed file, while for a non-valid slice all ‘<em>n’</em> bits preceded by ‘<em>0’</em> are written to the compressed file. Finally, we apply Huffman coding and RLE in order to improve the compression ratio further The efficiency of the proposed hybrid scheme is verified with the experimental outcomes and comparisons to existing compression methods suitable for testing of IP cores.
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Syahnia, Shovira Maulida, Een Yayah Haenilah, Ryzal Perdana, and Caswita Caswita. "Ethnomathematics-based Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model to Increase Students’ Critical Thinking in Mathematics Learning." Lectura : Jurnal Pendidikan 15, no. 2 (2024): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v15i2.20985.
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Process of learning mathematics in the school that the researcher is aiming for tends to be theoretical, less contextual and pseudo. Applies mathematical concepts in learning with local cultural wisdom able to touch aspects in the daily lives of students. This study aims to apply the ethnomathematics-ground Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to ameliorate critical thinking in mathematics literacy. This explored was type of quasi-experimental explored (pseudo-experiment), with The Non-Equivalent Control Group type design. The population of this study was all fourth grade students at SD Insan Mandiri Bandar Lampung, totaling 121 students. The sample of this studied was determined by intentional slice fashion, which is a sample determination fashion with consideration in opting for the class to be studied and attained by as numerous as 49 students. Data collection technique used valid and dependable test instruments. The data analysis fashion uses a mated t- test with the results attained for the experimental class with a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05) passing significant changes and in the control class which is not applied to the Ethnomathematics-based PBL model gets a value of 0.070 (p>0.05) indicating that the results of the original test and final test do not witness significant changes. Grounded on the data attained is from the results of this study, the ethnomathematics-ground Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to ameliorate thinking is significant.
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Naumann, Ilka C., Beat Porcellini, and Ugo Fisch. "Otosclerosis: Incidence of Positive Findings on High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Their Correlation to Audiological Test Data." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 9 (2005): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400910.
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Objectives: Computed tomographic (CT) scanning with slices of 1 mm or more has not been sufficient to demonstrate otosclerotic foci in most cases to date. Methods: We investigated the validity of CT scans with a 0.5-mm cubical scan technique, with and without planar reconstruction, and correlated these findings with audiological data. Forty-four temporal bone CT scans from 30 patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss were evaluated. Results: Otosclerotic foci were visualized in 74% of the cases. With reconstruction at the workstation, the sensitivity increased to 85%. Whereas in fenestral otosclerosis a correlation was found between the size of the focus and the air-bone gap, no correlation was seen between the size of the focus and bone conduction thresholds with cochlear involvement. Otosclerotic foci in patients treated with sodium fluoride were smaller than those in patients without treatment. This finding may indicate a beneficial effect of sodium fluoride on otosclerotic growth. Conclusions: High-resolution CT scans are a valid tool that can be used to confirm, localize, and determine the size of clinically suspected otosclerotic foci.
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Ohms, Carsten, and Rene V. Martins. "Investigation of Residual Stress/Strain and Texture in a Large Dissimilar Metal Weld Using Synchrotron Radiation and Neutrons." Materials Science Forum 772 (November 2013): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.772.193.
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Bi-metallic piping welds are frequently used in light water nuclear reactors to connect ferritic steel pressure vessel nozzles to austenitic stainless steel primary cooling piping systems. An important aspect for the integrity of such welds is the presence of residual stresses. Measurement of these residual stresses presents a considerable challenge because of the component size and because of the material heterogeneity in the weld regions. The specimen investigated here was a thin slice cut from a full-scale bi-metallic piping weld mock-up. A similar mock-up had previously been investigated by neutron diffraction within a European research project called ADIMEW. However, at that time, due to the wall thickness of the pipe, stress and spatial resolution of the measurements were severely restricted. One aim of the present investigations by high energy synchrotron radiation and neutrons used on this thin slice was to determine whether such measurements would render a valid representation of the axial strains and stresses in the uncut large-scale structure. The advantage of the small specimen was, apart from the easier manipulation, the fact that measurement times facilitated a high density of measurements across large parts of the test piece in a reasonable time. Furthermore, the recording of complete diffraction patterns within the accessible diffraction angle range by synchrotron X-ray diffraction permitted mapping the texture variations. The strain and stress results obtained are presented and compared for the neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. A strong variation of the texture pole orientations is observed in the weld regions which could be attributed to individual weld torch passes. The effect of specimen rocking on the scatter of the diffraction data in the butt weld region is assessed during the neutron diffraction measurements.
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Umardiyah, Fitri, and Sindi Yulia Anggraini. "Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Materi Operasi Irisan dan Gabungan Dua Himpunan." JoEMS (Journal of Education and Management Studies) 5, no. 4 (2022): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/joems.v5i4.791.
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This study aims to develop instructional video media on the operation of slices and a combination of two sets of class VII SMP/MTS as a valid and practical student moral provision. This research is a research and development using the ADDIE Method (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The analysis technique of this study uses quantitative data in the form of scores from the validator, the value of the teacher's response, the value of student responses to video learning media in the form of questionnaire scores. Qualitative data in the form of interviews with education practitioners or mathematics teachers and criticism suggestions from validators. The results of this study resulted in a product in the form of a learning video. The feasibility of the product was obtained based on the results of the validation test and practicality test. Assessment by media experts got a score of 90% with a very valid classification or very feasible to use. Assessment by material experts got a score of 88% with a very valid or feasible classification. The results of the teacher's response questionnaire got a score of 90% with a very valid classification or very feasible to use. The results of the student response questionnaire got a score of 89.2% with a practical classification. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the video learning media assisted by Microsoft power point 2010 is feasible to use.
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Widodo, Oki, Syubhan An'nur, and Andi Ichsan Mahardika. "Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Menggunakan Slide Presentasi 3 Dimensi Sebagai Multimedia Interaktif Pada Pokok Bahasan Kalor Untuk Siswa SMP." Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika 5, no. 1 (2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/bipf.v5i1.2226.
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Penggunaan media pendidikan dapat membantu guru dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran. Kebanyakan kegiatan belajar disekolah termasuk di SMP Negeri 13 Banjarmasin, berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan peneliti terlihat bahwa dalam memotivasi siswa dengan membawa benda atau objek yang nyata sulit dilakukan dalam setiap pembelajaran. Hal ini menyebabkan peneliti mengembangkan media ajar slide presentasi 3 dimensi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini: (1) mendeskripsikan validitas media ajar menggunakan slide presentasi 3 dimensi, (2) mendeskripsikan kepraktisan media ajar menggunakan slide presentasi 3 dimensi, (3) mendeskripsikan efektivitas media ajar menggunakan slide presentasi 3 dimensi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek ujicoba adalah siswa kelas VII H di SMP Negeri 13 Banjarmasin. Data diperoleh melalui lembar validasi media, lembar keterlaksanaan , dan tes hasil belajar. Teknik analisis data menggunakan validitas, reliabilitas, dan uji gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, (1) media ajar yang dinyatakan valid dengan kategori baik, (2) kepraktisan media ajar adalah terlaksana sangat baik, dan (3) efektifitas media ajar dinyatakan efektif. Simpulan penelitian adalah bahwa media ajar menggunakan slide presentasi 3 dimensi layak untuk digunakan. Utilization of media education can help teachers to deliver lessons. Most of school learning activities included in SMP Negeri 13 Banjarmasin, based on observations conducted research revealing that in motivating students to bring a tangible object or objects hard to do in each lesson. It cause researchers to develop instructional media 3 dimensional presentation slides to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study: (1) describe the validity of instructional media using 3-dimensional presentation slides, (2) describe the practicality of teaching media using 3-dimensional presentation slides, (3) describe the effectiveness of instructional media using 3-dimensional presentation slides. This research is a development which refers to the ADDIE development model. Test subject is class of VII H SMP Negeri 13 Banjarmasin. Data obtained through the validation sheet media, sheet of feasibility, and achievement test. Data were analyzed using the validity, reliability, and gain test. The results showed, (1) instructional media to state valid by either category, (2) practicality media feasibility teaching is very good, and (3) the effectiveness of instructional media of state effective. The inference is that media teaching research using 3 dimensional presentation slides unfit for use.
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Chida, K., H. Otani, H. Saito, et al. "Feasibility of rapid‐sequence 31p magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cardiac patients." Acta Radiologica 46, no. 4 (2005): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850510021283.
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Purpose: To determine the clinical feasibility of rapid‐sequence phosphorus‐31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P ‐MRS) of the heart with cardiac patients using a 1.5T clinical MR system. Material and Methods: Twenty cardiac patients, i.e. dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) 13 cases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) 3 cases, hypertensive heart diseases (HHD) 3 cases, and aortic regurgitation (AR) 1 case were examined using rapid cardiac 31P‐MRS. Complete three‐dimensional localization was performed using a two‐dimensional phosphorus chemical‐shift imaging sequence in combination with 30‐mm axial slice‐selective excitation. The rapid‐sequence 31P‐MRS procedure was phase encoded in arrays of 8×8 steps with an average of 4 acquisitions. The total examination time, including proton imaging and shimming, for the rapid cardiac 31P‐MRS procedure, ranged from 10 to 15 min, depending on the heart rate. Student's t test was used to compare creatine phosphate (PCr)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratios from the cardiac patients with those of the control subjects ( n = 13). Results: The myocardial PCr/ATP ratio obtained by rapid 31P‐MRS was significantly lower ( P<0.001) in DCM patients (1.82±0.33, mean±SD), and in patients with global myocardial dysfunction (combined data for 20 patients: 1.89±0.32) than in normal volunteers (2.96±0.59). These results are similar to previous studies. Conclusion: Rapid‐sequence 31P‐MRS may be a valid diagnostic tool for patients with cardiac disease.
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Bentz, Joel S., Jonathan H. Hughes, Lisa A. Fatheree, Mary R. Schwartz, Rhona J. Soures, and David C. Wilbur. "Summary of the 2006 College of American Pathologists Gynecologic Cytology Proficiency Testing Program." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, no. 5 (2008): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-788-sotcoa.
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Abstract Context.—Creating a tool that assesses professional proficiency in gynecologic cytology is challenging. A valid proficiency test (PT) must reflect practice conditions, evaluate locator and interpretive skills, and discriminate between those practitioners who are competent and those who need more education. The College of American Pathologists Gynecologic Cytology Proficiency Testing Program (PAPPT) was approved to enroll participants in a nationwide PT program in 2006. Objective.—Report results from the 2006 PAPPT program. Design.—Summarize PT results by pass/fail rate, participant type, and slide-set modules. Results.—Nine thousand sixty-nine participants showed initial PT failure rates of 5%, 16%, and 6% for cytotechnologists, primary screening pathologists, and secondary screening pathologist, respectively. The overall initial test failure rate was 6%. After 3 retests, 9029 (99.6%) of the participants were able to achieve compliance with the PT requirement. No participant “tested out”; however, 40 individuals “dropped out” of the testing sequence (8 cytotechnologists, 9 primary screening pathologists, 23 secondary screening pathologists). Initial failure rates by slide-set modules were 6% conventional, 6% ThinPrep, 6% SurePath, and 5% mixture of all 3 slide types. Conclusions.—A total of 99.6% of individuals enrolled in the 2006 PAPPT program achieved satisfactory results. The data confirm that cytotechnologists have higher initial pass rates than pathologists and pathologists who are secondary screeners perform better than those who are primary screeners. There was no difference identified in overall pass rates between the slide-set modules. Further analysis of data should help define the results and ongoing challenges of providing a nationwide federally mandated proficiency testing program in gynecologic cytology.
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Omer Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi. "Elmukashfi’s Protocol for Hippocampal Volumetry among Sudanese attending Elmoalem Hospital: Structural MRI Study; Sudan; 2022." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 2 (2023): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.2.2222.
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There is a relation between many neuropsychiatric disorders and reduction in hippocampal volume. So, a protocol for researches in this area is highly needed. Study aimed to design and validate a protocol for hippocampal volumetry to facilitate manual segmentation of hippocampus region. It was a comparative study, carried at Diagnostic Imaging Clinic at Elmoalem Hospital; where 65 Sudanese individuals were surveyed in period (December 2021 –April 2022). Data was collected through master sheet for sociodemographic information, 3D magnetic resonance imaging for measuring hippocampus volume, and imaging acquisition. Software for measurements 3D slicer version (4.11) was used, where hippocampus is mapped by delineating its boundaries. Protocol was composed of mapping hippocampus. Mapping hippocampus: identify sagittal view, lateral fissure, temporal horn of lateral ventricle, hippocampus region, temporal and occipital horn of lateral ventricle, choroid plexus of lateral ventricle. Among these slides hippocampus has been delineated. Statistical Computing: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Reliability test was performed by obtaining Cronbach’s alpha. Protocol considered reliable if value of Cronbach’s alpha is close to (+1). P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Validation of Protocol: Calculation of hippocampus volume is valid as total volume correlates strongly with both right and left measurements (correlation coefficient 0.76 and 0.87 respectively and p-value <0.001). Reliability test was 0.85; which was close to (+1). Conclusion and recommendation: This protocol represents a valid, reliable, and applicable method for measuring hippocampal volume. It could be a step to develop an international standard protocol for hippocampal volumetry.
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Omer, Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi. "Elmukashfi's Protocol for Hippocampal Volumetry; 2022." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 2 (2023): 953–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12599065.
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There is a relation between many neuropsychiatric disorders and reduction in hippocampal volume. So, a protocol for researches in this area is highly needed. Study aimed to design and validate a protocol for hippocampal volumetry to facilitate manual segmentation of hippocampus region. It was a comparative study, carried at Diagnostic Imaging Clinic at Elmoalem Hospital; where 65 Sudanese individuals were surveyed in period (December 2021 –April 2022). Data was collected through master sheet for sociodemographic information, 3D magnetic resonance imaging for measuring hippocampus volume, and imaging acquisition. Software for measurements 3D slicer version (4.11) was used, where hippocampus is mapped by delineating its boundaries. Protocol was composed of mapping hippocampus. <strong>Mapping hippocampus:</strong> identify sagittal view, lateral fissure, temporal horn of lateral ventricle, hippocampus region, temporal and occipital horn of lateral ventricle, choroid plexus of lateral ventricle. Among these slides hippocampus has been delineated. <strong>Statistical</strong> <strong>Computing: </strong>Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Reliability test was performed by obtaining Cronbach’s alpha. Protocol considered reliable if value of Cronbach’s alpha is close to (+1). P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. <strong>Validation of Protocol:</strong> Calculation of hippocampus volume is valid as total volume correlates strongly with both right and left measurements (correlation coefficient 0.76 and 0.87 respectively and p-value <0.001). <strong>Reliability</strong> test was 0.85; which was close to (+1). <strong>Conclusion and recommendation:</strong> This protocol represents a valid, reliable, and applicable method for measuring hippocampal volume. It could be a step to develop an international standard protocol for hippocampal volumetry.
Books on the topic "Test data Valid slice"
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Bianconi, Ginestra. Multilayer Network Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0010.
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This chapter presents the existing modelling frameworks for multiplex and multilayer networks. Multiplex network models are divided into growing multiplex network models and null models of multiplex networks. Growing multiplex networks are here shown to explain the main dynamical rules responsible to the emergent properties of multiplex networks, including the scale-free degree distribution, interlayer degree correlations and multilayer communities. Null models of multiplex networks are described in the context of maximum-entropy multiplex network ensembles. Randomization algorithms to test the relevant of network properties against null models are here described. Moreover, Multi-slice temporal networks Models capturing main properties of real temporal network data are presented. Finally, null models of general multilayer networks and networks of networks are characterized.
Book chapters on the topic "Test data Valid slice"
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Luby, Stephen, and Dorothy L. Southern. "Achieving Clarity and Conciseness." In The Pathway to Publishing: A Guide to Quantitative Writing in the Health Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98175-4_6.
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AbstractScientists are busy. They confront more articles to read than they have time available. An article that is clear and concise is more likely to be influential. Avoiding jargon and explaining ideas and methods so that others can understand will help a broad array of readers. Using descriptive labels of groups in the text and figures helps readers quickly understand the patterns in your data. Avoid using technical terms in a nontechnical sense including random, reliable, significant, valid, incidence, and correlated. Avoid describing a test as a gold standard or its result as positive. In place of this ambiguous shorthand, describe the characteristics of the test of interest and what the criteria are for a positive test.
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Inkinen, S. I., A. O. Kotiaho, M. Hanni, M. T. Nieminen, and M. A. K. Brix. "Computed Tomography Artefact Detection Using Deep Learning—Towards Automated Quality Assurance." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59091-7_2.
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AbstractImage artefacts in computed tomography (CT) limit the diagnostic quality of the images. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to apply deep learning (DL) for automated CT artefact classification. Openly available Head CT data from Johns Hopkins University was used. Three common artefacts (patient movement, beam hardening, and ring artefacts (RAs)) and artefact free images were simulated using 2D axial slices. Simulated data were split into a training set (Ntrain = 1040 × 4(4160)), two validation sets (Nval1 = 130 × 4(520) and Nval2 = 130 × 4(520)), and a separate test set (Ntest = 201 × 4(804); two individual subjects). VGG-16 model architecture was used as a DL classifier, and the Grad-CAM approach was used to produce attention maps. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, average precision, area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, precision, recall, and F1-score. Sensitivity analysis was performed for two test set slice images in which different RA radiuses (4 pixels to 245) and movement artefacts, i.e., head tilt with rotation angles (0.2° to 3°), were generated. Artefact classification performance was excellent on the test set, as accuracy, average precision, and ROC area under curve over all classes were 0.91, 0.86, and 0.99, respectively. The precision, recall, and F1-scores were over 0.84, 0.71, and 0.85 for all class-wise cases. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the model detected movement at all rotation angles, yet it failed to detect the smallest RAs (4-pixel radius). DL can be used for effective detection of CT artefacts. In future, DL could be applied for automated quality assurance of clinical CT.
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Salinas Ruíz, Josafhat, Osval Antonio Montesinos López, Gabriela Hernández Ramírez, and Jose Crossa Hiriart. "Generalized Linear Mixed Models for Categorical and Ordinal Responses." In Generalized Linear Mixed Models with Applications in Agriculture and Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32800-8_8.
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AbstractAccording to Agresti (2013), a multinomial distribution is a generalization of a binomial distribution in cases with more than two possible ordered (ordinal) or unordered (nominal) outcomes. Given a response with more than two possible outcomes and independent trials with probabilities of similar category for each trial, the distribution of counts across categories follows a multinomial distribution. Quinn and Keough (2002) believe that several methods exist for multinomial data analysis. The most common form of categorical data analysis in biological sciences, which results in frequency counts, is creating cross-tabulations or contingency tables and chi-squared tests to examine associations between two or more categorical variables. However, such an approach is ill suited for a study aimed at estimating the response when there is a change in the explanatory variable(s), as contingency tables are used to analyze the association between variables without considering a predictor or response variable. In this analysis, the results are valid as long as less than 20% of the cells have an expected count less than five and none are less than one (Logan 2010). Fisher’s exact test extends the chi-squared test in studies involving small sample sizes.
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Emir, Salachudin, Sugeng Santoso, and Yosi Krisyanti. "Consumer Preferences in Purchasing Traditional Medicine Considering Products, Taste Sensory, and Certification Label." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_135.
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AbstractThe benefits of traditional medicine have been known since ancient times in Indonesia, functioning as an alternative to treat various diseases and maintain the body’s immune. This research aims to determine consumer preferences and the dominant attributes that are the main priority for traditional medicine. The analytical tool in this research used conjoint analysis. This research is descriptive using primary data. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method from 61 respondents. The research instrument was tested using validity and reliability tests. The research results were analyzed descriptively, and a trend test was conducted. The research results regarding the dominant attributes that will become the main priority in consumer preferences for traditional medicines indicate that the research instruments are valid and reliable to be used in research. The analysis shows that most consumers love traditional medicine in a liquid form with a mint taste and labeled with BPOM and Halal certification. In choosing traditional medicine, consumers tend to prioritize the value of the certification label first with an importance of 58.390%, followed by taste sensory with an importance value of 28.531%, and the last is related to the type of product with 13.079%. The correlation output to measure predictive accuracy obtained a high and significant correlation value.
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Silman, Alan J., Gary J. Macfarlane, and Tatiana Macfarlane. "Obtaining valid information." In Epidemiological Studies: A Practical Guide, edited by Alan J. Silman, Gary J. Macfarlane, and Tatiana Macfarlane. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198814726.003.0011.
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Validity in respect of information that is collected in an epidemiological study is a measure of how accurate the data collected are, relative to an underlying truth. Classical approaches aim to ensure that the approach is both sensitive (low false negatives) and specific (low false positives) as, for example, in determining the presence or absence of a disease. A modified approach is needed where the value of an attribute is collected. Underpinning both these approaches is the need to consider what is the test of the underlying truth. The reader may already be aware of the application of validity tests in assessing the performance of diagnostic and screening tests. It is conventional to evaluate this performance in terms of the two indicators, sensitivity and specificity.
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Pontone, Gianluca, and Filippo Cademartiri. "Cardiac CT—basic principles." In The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging, edited by José Luis Zamorano, Jeroen J. Bax, Juhani Knuuti, et al. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0003.
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Computed tomography (CT) was introduced for clinical diagnostic radiology in 1971, and it was used as neuro and body scanner for about 20 years. Spatial and temporal resolution required to evaluate a dynamic structure such as the heart was not sufficient until 1998. Thanks to the technical developments in CT technology over the past 20 years cardiac CT (CCT) developed from an investigative tool into an established clinical tool primarily used as non-invasive clinical diagnostic test for coronary artery imaging. The key technical development occurred in the late 1990s with the introduction of multidetector CT (4 slices) scanners able to synchronize image acquisition and reconstruction with an electrocardiographic (ECG) track. However, 4-slice and also the following 16-slice CT technology had technical limitations, such as limited coverage and temporal resolution, but which allowed diagnostic image quality in selected patients with low and stable heart rate. Moreover, relatively high radiation exposure was required to obtain clinically valid image quality. For this reason, different technical strategies were developed in the following years and advances were also provided in the field of reconstruction algorithm with the introduction of iterative algorithms that allowed an image noise reduction and in the field of tissue characterization with the use of dual-energy CT. All these advances allowed CCT to become a pivotal tool in the cardiology daily practice to image the coronary arteries and beyond.
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Saglam, Muhlis Selman. "An Essay on the Energy and Equity Relationship With a Panel Data Analysis (2011-2020)." In Perspectives on Ecological Degradation and Technological Progress. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6727-5.ch004.
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This study investigated how income inequality is shaped according to energy-related variables. For this, income inequality is the independent variable; energy efficiency, energy import dependency, and energy efficiency are included in the model as independent variables. The data of the 17 founding countries of the OECD between 2011-2020 is used. According to the F Test results, the model has a one-way unit effect. According to the robust Hausman test, the random effect is valid. There are heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in the context of deviations from the assumption. On the other hand, the data fit a normal distribution. Also, there is no multicollinearity and no inter-unit correlation. In light of all these, the model was estimated with Arellano, Froot, and Rogers Estimator. According to the model estimation results, the model is not statistically significant. This shows that the relationship between income distribution and energy, which Illich expressed qualitatively, is not quantitatively valid for the 17 OECD founding countries.
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Pullen, Troy, and Latif Al-Hakim. "Shared Electronic Health Records as Innovation." In Data Analytics in Medicine. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1204-3.ch071.
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Based on the Diffusion of Innovation theory, this chapter addresses the following research question: Whether factors of diffusion of innovation theory influence care providers' willingness to adopt Shared Electronic Health Records (SEHRs). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to over 5000 active members of the Australian Medical Association Queensland. A total of 588 valid responses were received from currently active care providers in Queensland. Multiple regression analysis and Chi-Square analysis were conducted to test the research hypotheses and answer the research question. The data revealed that while 72% of those surveyed were willing to adopt SEHRs, significant differences existed between public and private sector care providers and across the various tiers of the health system. In relation to the factors influencing future willingness to adopt, the variables comprising relative advantage were shown to have a significant impact upon future willingness to adopt shared electronic health records. The findings from this chapter will benefit those responsible for the future introduction of SEHRs, specifically by allowing policy makers to target the factors that influence care providers' willingness to adopt.
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Valente, Thomas w. "Univariate Analysis and Scale Construction." In Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141764.003.0009.
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Abstract Chapters 7 and 8 discussed the sleeps and techniques for selecting a sample, constructing a survey, and collecting and managing data. The data are now ready for statistical analysis to test the theoretical model for the evaluation. Before con ducting those tests, however, the data need to be described statistically and col lapsed into scales to construct valid and reliable measures.
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Podo Franca. "TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (MRS) AND IMAGING (MRI)." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-851-9-304.
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This paper summarizes the main objectives, areas of collaborative research and scientific achievements of the EC Concerted Research Project &ldquo;Tissue Characterization by MRS and MRI&rdquo; (1988-1992). In the field of MRI the Project developed original protocols and test objects for performance assessment and quality control of clinical equipment; b) an image conversion software package for interlaboratory exchange of MR images; c) pilot data bases of in-vitro and in-vivo tissue relaxation times. In the field of MRS, the Project proposed an original test system for performance assessment and quality control of clinical and experimental equipment. Test objects for assessing volume and slice selection signal localization were designed, constructed and optimized in a series of international trials. A multi-center evaluation of different data analysis procedures was also carried out on a set of complex valued in vivo NMR time domain test signals, in order to make quantitative MRS results from different Centers more comparable and reproducible.
Conference papers on the topic "Test data Valid slice"
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Zhang, Minghe, Guanglun Huang, Guoliang Ji, Zhiqiang You, Qiang Wu, and Jianyu Cao. "A Scan Slice Reordering Algorithm Based on Minimizing Entropy to Enhance Test Data Compression Efficiency." In 2024 IEEE International Test Conference in Asia (ITC-Asia). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itc-asia62534.2024.10661362.
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Helfand, D., and K. Barrett. "A Resin Manufacturer’S Use of Accelerated and Field Tests: Methods and Data Utilization." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92326.
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Abstract Raw material suppliers to the coatings industry perform accelerated tests on relatively simple formulations to determine if improvements have been achieved relative to controls. Though these tests yield valid relative rankings among systems, they cannot substitute for long-term testing under actual conditions. Commonly used accelerated test methods and data are discussed in this report.
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Vera, Jose, Ken Evans, and Conchita Mendez. "Derivation of a Modified Stern-Geary Linear Polarization Equation. Application to Seawater Corrosion and Inhibitor Evaluation." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20986.
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Abstract Instantaneous corrosion rates are typically calculated as a function of the exposure time from the slope of linear polarization resistance (LPR) scans using the well-known Stern-Geary equation and assuming a constant B value that does not vary during the test. However, this assumption is not valid when the corrosion mechanism changes during the test due to, for example, injection of a corrosion inhibitor, formation of protective films or passivation. A methodology was implemented to detect significant changes in the B values during a test, by evaluating the Current vs Potential data of LPR scans instead of only the polarization resistance (Rp) calculated from the slope. In addition, the Stern-Geary equation is a valid approximation only if one anodic and one cathodic reaction are present at the corrosion potential. An exact modified Stern-Geary equation was derived for cases where up to two cathodic and two anodic reactions are prominent at the corrosion potential. This procedure was used to interpret Rp vs time data from seawater corrosion at relatively low O2 concentrations. Under these conditions, not only the iron oxidation to Fe2+ and oxygen reduction reaction will occur, but the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction may also be prominent at the corrosion potential. The application of this method was also illustrated using experimental data from a typical corrosion inhibitor qualification test, where chemical dosages are injected after a pre-corrosion period.
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Angeliu, Thomas M., Jeff Stein, and Necip Doganaksoy. "Applying Reliability Concepts and Data Analysis to IGSCC Crack Initiation in BWR Systems." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99441.
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Abstract Predicting the life and reliability of boiling water nuclear reactor (BWR) structural components subject to stress corrosion cracking requires high quality data and data analysis for both crack initiation and crack propagation. Laboratory study and prediction of crack propagation rates is more advanced relative to crack initiation studies. This is partially attributed to the probabilistic nature of crack initiation experimentation which requires many test specimens to be statically valid. This paper briefly reviews concepts used in applying reliability methods and data analysis in developing quality data and then applying these concepts to IGSCC crack initiation data. Since the distribution of time to crack initiation tends to be highly skewed, these time to failure data are not well represented by measures of central tendency such as the mean time to failure. Data from creviced and sensitized 304SS are better described by either a lognormal or Weibull distribution. For the Weibull distribution, the shape parameter (β) was found to depend on the applied stress. For sensitized 304 SS under BWR conditions, no tendencies towards infant mortality (β estimated to be 1.6) were observed at a stress of 176 MPa in contrast to specimens under a stress of 292 MPa where β was estimated to be 0.5, indicating that initial defects are influencing the test population. With these data, crack initiation life test planning can be better determined to assess the life of critical components by determining sample sizes and test conditions that produce meaningful results with optimal resources. Population distribution simulations based on parameters obtained from available crack initiation data were used to show that when the difference in the crack initiation distributions is a factor of 1, over 25 specimens are required per test condition to show a statistical difference with 95% confidence. The number of specimens required decreases as the difference in the percentiles of the distributions increase and as the scatter in the distributions of differences in the 10 percentiles decreases. Simulated results show that only 10 specimens are required when the distributions of differences in the 10th percentiles are expected to be a factor of 2 apart.
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Bash, L. A. (Roy). "Pipe-to-Soil Potential Measurements, the Basic Science." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08070.
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Abstract Based on some articles1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 that have been published in Materials Performance (MP) and the NACE Courses 9 and Standards for Cathodic Protection (CP)10,11,12,14 practitioners, this author has concluded that present day CP practitioners, in general, do not have an adequate understanding of the basic scientific principles associated with the measurement of the voltage (pipe-to-soil, P/S, potential) between a test lead on a buried steel pipeline and the copper rod in a copper sulfate electrode (CSE) with the CSE wood or ceramic bridge deep enough in the surface of the soil to be in contact with naturally moist soil directly over the pipeline at the test lead. This article presents basic scientific principles from textbooks, valid references and field measurement data in an effort to help promote a better understanding of the basics and to achieve improved CP practices to better serve industry and the public.
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Heywood, Murray. "Truth or Marketing? Hocus Pocus or Real Information? How Are You Selecting Products for Your Projects?" In Coatings+ 2020. SSPC, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2020-00022.
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A common frustration in our industry is the project submittal process. Engineers, Consultants, owners and manufactures are frustrated by the process. How do you really know what products are right for your project? Data from recent studies show that projects where two or more manufacturers products are specified, results in overall project savings of 23% or more. This demands a closer look at the selection and specification process. What's true and what are simply marketing ploys? Can I compare products using ASTM test data provided on manufacturers data sheets? Is the test data being presented as critical, truly important to your project, or is it simply being used to secure a higher spec position with no real value or relevance to the project? These are all valid questions that deserve honest answers. This presentation will speak to the various methods of product comparison currently being used, providing insight into why they may be inefficient, inaccurate and sometimes completely wrong. It will also provide solutions to a better path forward for product selection.
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Baek, Kwang K., Ki H. Kim, and Chung Seo Park. "Optimization of Coating Application Procedure of Solvent-Free Epoxy Coatings to Ship’S Fresh Water Tanks." In SSPC 2002. SSPC, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2002-00002.
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Abstract Coating procedure for fresh water tanks in large ship using a solvent-free epoxy with 100% Solid Volume Ratio (SVR) has been evaluated. Solvent-free epoxy coatings recommended from five major manufacturers were evaluated in terms of their sprayability, drying time for recoat, quality of the coated films, and other standard properties as well as the flexibility of the coating materials in terms of the temperature (air and steel). The test results revealed wide differences in the workablity of each solvent-free epoxy materials from different manufacturers, suggesting that data provided by the suppliers were not valid under certain work conditions. This study indicated that a certain degree of optimization of “solvent-free” epoxy coating procedure can only be achieved through the user’s own evaluation works.
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Aho, Pekka, Nadja Menz, and Tomi Raty. "Enhancing generated Java GUI models with valid test data." In 2011 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icos.2011.6079253.
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Xiyan Li, Tingting Wang, Fang Wang, and Miao Wang. "A novel model for automatic test data generation based on predicate slice." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6011166.
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Lee, Keun-Soo, Hyuntae Park, Hyeonuk Son, and Sungho Kang. "A new scan slice encoding scheme with flexible code for test data compression." In 2010 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socdc.2010.5682934.
Full textReports on the topic "Test data Valid slice"
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Burstein, Jill, Geoffrey LaFlair, Antony Kunnan, and Alina von Davier. A Theoretical Assessment Ecosystem for a Digital-First Assessment - The Duolingo English Test. Duolingo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46999/kiqf4328.
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The Duolingo English Test is a groundbreaking, digitalfirst, computeradaptive measure of English language proficiency for communication and use in Englishmedium settings. The test measures four key English language proficiency constructs: Speaking, Writing, Reading, and Listening (SWRL), and is aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) proficiency levels and descriptors. As a digitalfirst assessment, the test uses “humanintheloop AI” from end to end for test security, automated item generation, and scoring of testtaker responses. This paper presents a novel theoretical assessment ecosystem for the Duolingo English Test. It is a theoretical representation of language assessment design, measurement, and test security processes, as well as the testtaker experience factors that contribute to the test validity argument and test impact. The test validity argument is constructed with a digitallyinformed chain of inferences that addresses digital affordances applied to the test. The ecosystem is composed of an integrated set of complex frameworks: (1) the Language Assessment Design Framework, (2) the Expanded EvidenceCentered Design Framework, (3) the Computational Psychometrics Framework, and (4) the Test Security Framework. Testtaker experience (TTX) is a test priority throughout the testtaking pipeline, such as low cost, anytime/anywhere, and shorter testing time. The test’s expected impact is aligned with Duolingo’s social mission to lower barriers to education access and offer a secure and delightful test experience, while providing a valid, fair, and reliable test score. The ecosystem leverages principles from assessment theory, computational psychometrics, design, data science, language assessment theory, NLP/AI, and test security.
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Andrabi, Tahir, Natalie Bau, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja. Heterogeneity in School Value-Added and the Private Premium. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/116.
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Using rich panel data from Pakistan, we compute test score based measures of quality (School Value-Addeds or SVAs) for more than 800 schools across 112 villages and verify that they are valid and unbiased. With the SVA measures, we then document three striking features of the schooling environment. First, there is substantial within-village variation in quality. The annualized difference in learning between the best and worst performing school in the same village is 0.4 sd; compounded over 5 years of primary schooling, this difference is similar in size to the test score gap between low- and high-income countries. Second, students learn more in private schools (0.15 sd per year on average), but substantial within-sector variation in quality means that the effects of reallocating students from public to private schools can range from -0.35sd to +0.65sd. Thus, there is a range of possible causal estimates of the private premium, a feature of the environment we illustrate using three different identification approaches. Finally, parents appear to recognize and reward SVA in the private sector, but the link between parental demand and SVA is weaker in the public sector. These results have implications for both the measurement of the private premium and how we design and evaluate policies that reallocate children across schools, such as school closures and vouchers.
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Haggag. L52280 In-Situ Measurement of Pipeline Mechanical Properties Using Stress-Strain Microprobe - Validation. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010668.
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Most pipeline companies operate infrastructure that spans a wide range of vintages including pipelines that were built in 1950s to the 2000s. Some of the pipelines have changed hands, and in many cases, more than once, resulting in a loss of the operating history and of pertinent pipeline data relating to the grade or mechanical properties. In the case of pipelines of unknown grades, PHMSA (OPS/DOT) stipulates the assumption of a 24 ksi yield strength, regardless of its construction. OPS also allows the establishment of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) of the pipeline by verifying its yield strength by carrying out statistically valid sampling. Conventional tensile testing requires the removal of samples from the pipeline for testing which results in temporary line shut down and loss of transmission service. The constructability issues around this are complex, and it requires line repair after sample extraction. In addition, this can result in a loss of throughput and consequent disruption of supply. An appropriate and relevant amount of data from the nondestructive Automated Ball Indentation (ABI) tests and the destructive tensile and fracture toughness tests provides reasonable statistical data sets to establish the validity and accuracy of the ABI technique which produces both tensile and fracture toughness properties from each single test. The ABI test (accomplished in less than two minutes) is now proven to replace both the tensile and fracture toughness tests without specimen machining or service interruption, and it requires only localized surface polishing of in-service pipelines.
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Magdalinos, Tassos, and Katerina Petrova. Uniform Inference with General Autoregressive Processes. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59576/sr.1151.
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A unified theory of estimation and inference is developed for an autoregressive process with root in (-∞, ∞) that includes the stationary, local-to-unity, explosive and all intermediate regions. The discontinuity of the limit distribution of the t-statistic outside the stationary region and its dependence on the distribution of the innovations in the explosive regions (-∞, -1) ∪ (1, ∞) are addressed simultaneously. A novel estimation procedure, based on a data-driven combination of a near-stationary and a mildly explosive artificially constructed instrument, delivers mixed-Gaussian limit theory and gives rise to an asymptotically standard normal t-statistic across all autoregressive regions. The resulting hypothesis tests and confidence intervals are shown to have correct asymptotic size (uniformly over the space of autoregressive parameters and the space of innovation distribution functions) in autoregressive, predictive regression and local projection models, thereby establishing a general and unified framework for inference with autoregressive processes. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation shows that the proposed methodology exhibits very good finite sample properties over the entire autoregressive parameter space (-∞, ∞) and compares favorably to existing methods within their parametric (-1, 1] validity range. We demonstrate how our procedure can be used to construct valid confidence intervals in standard epidemiological models as well as to test in real-time for speculative bubbles in the price of the Magnificent Seven tech stocks.
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Mohamed, Seid Yimam, Fissha Asmare, and Mick Moore. Does Competition from the Informal Sector Reduce Tax Compliance in the Formal Sector? Evidence from Ethiopia. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.037.
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The existence of ‘informal sector’ enterprises that visibly do not pay formal or direct taxes is widely believed to reduce the willingness of formal, tax-registered enterprises to pay their own taxes. This is thought to be most widespread in lower-income countries, where informal sector enterprises are more common. It would be surprising if there were no truth in this claim. We know from the literature that one factor affecting tax compliance is to what extent taxpayers perceive that others like them are paying their fair share of taxes. If some informal enterprises are understood not to be paying taxes, similar tax-registered enterprises will surely be more likely to try to evade some of their tax burdens. We call this the adverse evasion spillover hypothesis (AESH). If this is valid, it makes sense for tax administrations to make more efforts to register and tax informal firms, even if the possibility of collecting more revenue from these firms is limited. Successfully bringing them into the tax net should have positive tax compliance effects on tax-registered formal firms. Previous research provides indirect support for AESH. However, it is challenging to test the hypothesis directly, partly due to a lack of reliable, independent data to measure tax compliance levels objectively. We would be unable to judge whether complaints from formal sector firms about unfair competition from tax-avoiding informal firms were authentic or simply excuses to evade tax themselves. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 165.