Journal articles: 'Test de signe'

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Broise, A. L., and M. Geronimi. "Étude de la reproductibilité intra- et inter-praticiens du test des chaînes stabilisatrices ou signe de Trendelenburg postural." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 42, no. 6 (December 2012): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2012.09.018.

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Chevallier, F., V. Le Cam-Duchez, C. Basset, F. Pereira, AM Helde, A. Lahary, E. Vaz, et al. "L'augmentation de l'érythropoïétine dans la mort subite du nourrisson signe une agonie par hypoxie. Mise au point d'un test de dépistage sur microtubes." Archives de Pédiatrie 4, no. 7 (July 1997): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(97)83401-x.

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Occhino, Corrine, Benjamin Anible, Erin Wilkinson, and Jill P. Morford. "Iconicity is in the eye of the beholder." Gesture 16, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 100–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.1.04occ.

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Abstract A renewed interest in understanding the role of iconicity in the structure and processing of signed languages is hampered by the conflation of iconicity and transparency in the definition and operationalization of iconicity as a variable. We hypothesize that iconicity is fundamentally different than transparency since it arises from individuals’ experience with the world and their language, and is subjectively mediated by the signers’ construal of form and meaning. We test this hypothesis by asking American Sign Language (ASL) signers and German Sign Language (DGS) signers to rate iconicity of ASL and DGS signs. Native signers consistently rate signs in their own language as more iconic than foreign language signs. The results demonstrate that the perception of iconicity is intimately related to language-specific experience. Discovering the full ramifications of iconicity for the structure and processing of signed languages requires operationalizing this construct in a manner that is sensitive to language experience.

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Spencer, Stacie, J. Alexander Dale, and Herbert L. Klions. "Deaf versus Hearing Subjects’ Recall of Words on a Distraction Task as a Function of the Signability of the Words." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3-1 (December 1989): 1043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125890693-161.

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Subjects, including 17 deaf and 10 hearing students in Grades 11 and 12, completed a test for memory of lists of 6 words (presented visually for 10 sec.). Subjects recalled the words in writing after a distracting task of adding pairs of digits for 10 sec. Word lists are categorized as signable with a single sign, compound or combination of signs, or finger-spelling signs only. Hearing subjects recalled significantly more words in each category than did deaf subjects. Deaf subjects recalled significantly more single-signed words than either of the other two categories. Deaf subjects did not recall more compound/combination signed words than words that could only be finger-spelled. Hearing subjects also recalled significantly more single-signed words than either of the other two categories and were not superior in either of the other categories.

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Hassanain, M. M. "Emploi de l’éthyléneimine binaire pour la production d’un vaccin inactivé contre la peste équine. Résultats préliminaires." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 45, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1992): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8908.

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Des recherches ont été effectuées pour mettre au point un vaccin inactivé contre la peste équine au moyen de l'éthyléneimine binaire. Le processus d'inactivation de la souche virulente type 9 en utilisant ce produit, montre une inactivation complète du virus au bout de 18, 48 et 84 h avec des concentrations de 0,004, 0,003 et 0,002M, respectivement, sans détection virale résiduelle. Une concentration de 0,003M en inactivateur est recommandée et aucun changement dans les propriétés antigéniques virales n'est constaté dans le test de fixation du complément. Les paramètres physiques propres au vaccin avec l'adjuvant de Freund ont été étudiés. Une durée d'émulsification de 25 secondes est suffisante pour obtenir un produit émulsifié à 100 %, de consistance crémeuse, avec un temps d'écoulement de 2,2 secondes/0,1 ml. Le vaccin est stable pendant six mois à la température de conservation de 4¼C et pendant 15 jours à 37¼C. Expérimenté sur deux chevaux, avec un rappel au bout de deux mois le même vaccin a conféré une immunité acceptable pendant une période d'observation de six mois. Deux mois après la vaccination, l'inoculation des animaux avec la souche virulente de référence n'a provoqué l'apparition d'aucun signe clinique.

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Faure, Jacques. "Traitements très précoces, précoces ou bien expectative armée ? Réflexion à partir du suivi d’un cas de classe III avec excès vertical." L'Orthodontie Française 84, no. 1 (March 2013): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2012034.

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Le débat sur la date optimale de prise en charge d’une dysmorphie maxillo-faciale est loin d’être clos, les choix possibles sont le traitement très précoce avant la denture mixte, pendant la petite enfance; seulement en denture mixte stable; seulement en denture adulte complète; en croissance achevée ou quasi-achevée. Les options d’intervention précoce sont pénalisées par la difficulté d’un diagnostic à poser très tôt (parfois impossible à porter en l’absence de tout signe d’appel annonçant une très forte dysmorphie évolutive), la difficulté d’un pronostic à long terme toujours imprécis, l’insuffisante de la maturité psychologique requise, le manque de moyens d’ancrage, la nécessité de toutes façons d’un traitement en deux étapes donc plus long, le caractère de « test thérapeutique » qui, en cas d’échec, induira déception et perte de confiance. Les options de traitement plus tardif sont plus sécurisantes pour l’orthodontiste comme pour le patient, mais elles constitueraient pour certains une perte de chance et une condamnation a priori à plus d’extractions et plus d’orientations chirurgicales. La présentation d’un cas de classe III hyperdivergente où les hésitations à intervenir à divers stades de croissance, conduisent finalement à un traitement chirurgical tardif, illustre bien pour nous ce problème du choix de la date d’intervention.

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Hoetjes, Marieke, Emiel Krahmer, and Marc Swerts. "Do repeated references result in sign reduction?" Sign Language and Linguistics 17, no. 1 (June 6, 2014): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.17.1.03hoe.

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Previous research on speech and gesture has found that repeated references are often linguistically reduced in terms of, for example, the number of words and the acoustic realization of these words, compared to initial references. The present study looks at the production of repeated references by 14 signers of Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). Participants had to describe figures to an addressee, who had to pick the correct figure from a large group of figures. Several figures had to be described several times. The question was whether there would be reduction in the repeated references. We found systematic effects of repetition in that repeated references were shorter, contained fewer signs, and shorter signs than initial references. Moreover, in order to measure sign precision, a perception test was used where participants had to judge, in a forced choice task, which sign they considered to be the most precise, looking at 40 pairs of video clips with signs produced in either initial or repeated references to the same object by the same signer. We found that, non-signing participants (but not signing participants) consider signs produced during repeated references to be less precise than the signs produced during initial references. Taking together these results suggest that a similar reduction process in repeated references occurs in NGT as has been found previously for speech and gesture.

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Babić, Darko, Dario Babić, Mario Fiolić, and Željko Šarić. "Analysis of Market-Ready Traffic Sign Recognition Systems in Cars: A Test Field Study." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123697.

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Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) represents a collection of vehicle-based intelligent safety systems. One in particular, Traffic Sign Recognition System (TSRS), is designed to detect and interpret roadside information in the form of signage. Even though TSRS has been on the market for more than a decade now, the available ones differ in hardware and software solutions they use, as well as in quantity and typology of signs they recognize. The aim of this study is to determine whether differences between detection and readability accuracy of market-ready TSRS exist and to what extent, as well as how different levels of “graphical changes” on the signs affect their accuracy. For this purpose, signs (“speed limit” and “prohibition of overtaking”) were placed on a test field and 17 vehicles from 14 different car brands underwent testing. Overall, the results showed that sign detection and readability by TSRS differ between car brands and that even small changes in the design of signs can drastically affect TSRS accuracy. Even in a controlled environment where no sign has been altered, there has been a 5% margin of misread signs.

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Živkovič, Momčilo. "Quantitative and Qualitative Scores on Dream Test." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (December 1996): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.867.

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A quantitative Dream Test score is defined as the ratio of the number of the key dream words selected by a subject and given a plus sign to the number of the dream words given minus sign as is done on the Initial-letter Word-association Test. The mean quantitative Dream Test score is 2+/3- with a slight prevalence of minus over plus signs and the mean number of selected key dream words of 5. The qualitative Dream Test score was formulated to represent the dream categories and subcategories in which individual dreams are classified according to manifest dream content. From a sample of 122 dreams reported by 122 women, students in psychology ( M age 20 yr.), dreams were categorized as Death (27 or 22.0%), Nightmares (53 or 43.1%), Love (35 or 28.3%), Atypical dreams (7 or 57%), and No dreams (1 or .8%). The most frequent qualitative Dream Test score was for Nightmares which is in accord with the slight prevalence of minus over plus signs in the Dream Test mean quantitative score.

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Z̄ivković, Momčilo. "Instructions for Additional Qualitative Scoring of the Initial-Letter Word-Association Test." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 2 (April 1994): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.2.467.

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An additional scoring method is based on grouping test-words according to whether the same sign is given by subjects to the test-words. In this way five test-word categories are formed, Eros (test-words with double plus signs), demi-Eros (single plus sign), demi-Thanatos (single minus), Thanatos (double minus), and Deviant (± and ø signs). The next step in scoring is to count the number of test-words in a given scoring category whose meanings do not conform. The greater the discrepancy between the test-word category and its meaning, the less well adapted is the subject. Several illustrative protocols are discussed.

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Sze, Felix, Monica Xiao Wei, and David Lam. "Development of the Hong Kong Sign Language Sentence Repetition Test." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 25, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 298–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enaa001.

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Abstract This paper presents the design and development of the Hong Kong Sign Language-Sentence Repetition Test (HKSL-SRT). It will be argued that the test offers evidence of discriminability, reliability, as well as practicality and can serve as an effective global measurement of individuals' proficiency in HKSL. The full version of the test consists of 40 signed sentences of increasing length and complexity. Specifically, we will evaluate the manual and non-manual components of these sentences to find out whether and to what extent they can differentiate three groups of deaf signers, namely, native signers, early learners and late learners. Statistical analyses show that the test scores based on a correct repetition of the manual signs of each sentence bear a significant negative correlation with signers' age of acquisition. Including the correct repetition of non-manuals in the scoring scheme can result in higher reliability and separation index of the test in the Rasch model. This paper will also discuss how psychometric measures of Rasch analysis, including the concept of fit and the rankings of items/persons in the Wright map, have been applied to the original list of the 40 sentence items for the development of a shortened test.

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Climent-Serrano, Salvador. "Stress test based on Oliver Wyman in Bank of Spain: an evaluation." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(3).2016.07.

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This paper, based on econometric techniques, has done a study to improve the predictions of the stress test, concerning the estimation of impairment losses. The main results obtained are: 1) the impact of the explanatory variables on the impairment loss is different at stages of growth, compared to times of recession; 2) there is a certain inertia of the dependent variable, but this inertia is different in intensity, and even the sign in the growth stages concerning the stages of recession; 3) of the explanatory variables, nominal GDP and equity are those that have a greater impact on the impairment loss; 4) finally, the two dummy variables that assess the impact of adjustment to market value of assets in the process of mergers and acquisitions that occurred in 2010, and regulatory changes implemented in 2012, have been statistically significant and with the expected signs. Keywords: econometric techniques, financial crisis, financial markets, risks. JEL Classification: G21, G32, G17

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Anaene Oyeka, Ikewelugo Cyprian, and Godday Uwawunkonye Ebuh. "Modified Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test." Open Journal of Statistics 02, no. 02 (2012): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2012.22019.

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Meganita, Linda, Halim Dedy Perdana, Santoso Tri Hananto, and Hanung Triatmoko. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGHENTIAN PREMATUR ATAS PROSEDUR AUDIT." EkBis: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 1, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ekbis.2017.1.2.1012.

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The purpose of this study is: 1) knowing the sequence of audit procedure which most often signed off by auditor 2) testing effect of external and internal factors on premature signed off of audit procedure. The sample of this study are auditors of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI) in the head office and the representative office. Sampling technique used is convenience sampling. Survey method for this study by distributing questionare. Data analysis uses Friedman test and regression logistic analysis with significance level (α) 5%.Friedman test result indicates that there are sequence of priority of audit procedure tend to be signed off. The most audit procedure which often to be signed off is internal auditor judgment and audit procedure which seldom to be signed off is substantive test. Logistic regression test shows that audit risk, materiality, professional commitment, and locus of control affect premature sign off of audit procedure, meanwhile time budget pressure, time deadline pressure, and role overload do not affect premature sign off of audit procedure.

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Kisić, Rade. "Primus sine paribus - odgovor na tekst Moskovske Patrijaršije o primatu." Sabornost, no. 14 (2020): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sabornost2014199k.

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U ovom tekstu biće predstavljen i analiziran odgovor Mitropolita Elpidofora Lambriniadisa na dokument sveštenog Sinoda Ruske Pravoslavne Crkve "Stav Moskovske Patrijaršije o prvenstvu u vaseljenskoj Crkvi". Tekst Primus sine paribus u stvari predstavlja nastavak debate o primatu u vaseljenskoj Crkvi, koja je u pravoslavnoj teologiji posebno podstaknuta usvajanjem Ravenskog dokumenta. Ključne teme u ovoj debati su pitanja da li se odnos primata i sabornosti može razmatrati u kontekstu trojičnog bogoslovlja i kako se određuje izvor primata na različitim eklisiološkim nivoima.

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Nazrul Islam, Muhammad, and Franck Tétard. "Exploring the impact of interface signs’ interpretation accuracy, design, and evaluation on web usability." Journal of Systems and Information Technology 16, no. 4 (November 4, 2014): 250–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsit-03-2014-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this empirical study was to address two important concerns of Web usability: how user-intuitive interface signs affect Web usability and how applying semiotics (i.e. the doctrine of signs) in user interface (UI) design and evaluation helps to improve usability. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical research approach is followed here to conduct three user tests. These tests were conducted on a Web application with 17 test participants. Data were gathered through laboratory-based think-aloud usability test, questionnaires and interviews. Following an empirical research approach, statistics and user behavior analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings – This study explores two important concerns of UI design and evaluation. First, users’ interpretation accuracy of interface signs impact on Web usability. The study found that users’ interpretation of signs might be accurate, moderate, conflicting, erroneous or incapable; user-intuitive interface signs led participants to interpret signs’ meaning accurately; and users’ inaccurate interpretation of one or a few task-related interface sign(s) led users to usability problems, resulting in participants performing tasks with lower task-completion performance. Second, considering semiotics perception in UI design and evaluation is important to improve Web usability. This study showed that interface signs, when re-designed considering the semiotics guidelines, have increased the end-users’ interpretation accuracy and the interface signs’ intuitiveness. This study also provides a small set of semiotics guidelines for sign design and evaluation. Originality/value – This study empirically demonstrated that signs’ intuitiveness impact on Web usability and that considering the semiotics perception in sign design and evaluation is important to improve Web usability. These outcomes are valuable in a number of ways to HCI researchers and practitioners: the results provide awareness of the importance of user-intuitive interface signs in UI design; practitioners can easily adopt the concept of interpretation accuracy classification to conduct a sign test to obtain an “overall impression of interface signs’ intuitiveness”; practitioners can easily adopt the methodological approach followed in this study to conduct usability test without additional resources; and the results raised important fundamental questions for future research such as “what does a practitioner need to be aware of when designing or evaluating interface signs?”

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Sani, Huzairi, Nada Syazana Zulkufli, Iman Wahidah, Nurul Afiqah, Nur Sabrina, and Siti Nur Farahiyah. "Bridging the Gap between Medical Students and the Deaf-Mute Population." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5 (March 5, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i0.302.

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Introduction: Deafness is the inability to hear or impaired hearing. In 2018, more than 40,000 Malaysians were registered with hearing loss. Sign languages use visualization and facial expression to convey conversational meaning. However not many healthcare workers are able to converse in sign language thus hampering effective communication with deaf patientsObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of sign language in increasing awareness amongst medical students on healthcare access difficulties faced by the deaf.Methods: Four medical students underwent sign language classes at the Malaysian Federation of Deaf before being formally assessed and certified by an instructor. A video on common questions used in the clinical setting using sign language was then developed and shown to a cohort of 224 medical students in UiTM. Awareness on the importance of sign language amongst the cohort was surveyed before and after watching the video. The four medical students were also assessed on their awareness and communication proficiency before and after attending classes. Post- and pre-test responses were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired sample T-test.Results: The number of students who were aware of the importance of sign language in the clinical setting increased from 39.7% (N=89) to 98.2% (N=220) after watching the video. The four medical students’ post-test scores also increased significantly after attending sign language classes (Mean +2.43, p<0.01). Significant improvement in basic knowledge of sign language and ability to demonstrate signs such as self-introduction and gathering medical history were observed (p=0.046). In totality, awareness of the challenges faced by deaf-mute patients when communicating with healthcare workers increased significantly (p=0.046).Conclusion: Sign language is essential in improving communication between deaf patients and healthcare workers. It is therefore imperative that healthcare personnel gain basic skills in sign language to improve communication and provide better medical services to the deaf community.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S11

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Khalilikhah, Majid, and Kevin Heaslip. "Prediction of traffic sign vandalism that obstructs critical messages to drivers." Transport 33, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1252946.

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A critical deficiency in any one or a combination of three transportation system characteristics: the driver, roadway, or vehicle can contribute to an elevated crash risk for the motoring public. Traffic signs often convey critical information to drivers. However, traffic signs are only effective when clearly visible and legible. Traffic sign vandalism that is exclusively the results of humans causes both sign legibility and visibility to deteriorate. Transportation agencies spend a significant amount of money to repair or replace vandalized signs. This study was conducted to identify which traffic signs are more vulnerable to vandalism. To do this, a mobile-based vehicle collected data of over 97000 traffic signs managed by the Utah Department of Transportation (UDoT), US. The vandalized signs were identified by a trained operator through inspection of daytime digital images taken of each individual sign. Location data obtained from online sources combined with the traffic sign data were imported into ArcGIS to acquire localized conditions for each individual sign. According to the chi-square test results, the association between vandalism and traffic sign attributes and localized conditions, including background color, size, mount height, exposure, land cover, and road type was evident. After employing the random forests model, the most important factors in making signs vulnerable to vandalism were identified.

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Norkuviene, Eleonora, Mykolas Petraitis, Indre Apanaviciene, Dalia Virviciute, and Asta Baranauskaite. "An optimal ultrasonographic diagnostic test for early gout: A prospective controlled study." Journal of International Medical Research 45, no. 4 (June 15, 2017): 1417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060517706800.

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Objective To identify the optimal sites for classification of early gout by ultrasonography. Methods Sixty patients with monosodium urate crystal-proven gout (25 with early gout [≤2-year symptom duration], 35 with late gout [>2-year symptom duration], and 36 normouricemic healthy controls) from one centre were prospectively evaluated. Standardized blinded ultrasound examination of 36 joints and the triceps and patellar tendons was performed to identify tophi and the double contour (DC) sign. Results Ultrasonographic sensitivity was lower in early than late gout. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that two ultrasonographic signs (tophi in the first metatarsophalangeal joint [odds ratio, 16.46] and the DC sign in the ankle [odds ratio, 25.18]) significantly contributed to the final model for early gout diagnosis (sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 81%, respectively). The inter-reader reliability kappa value for the DC sign and tophi was 0.712. Conclusions Four-joint investigation (both first metatarsophalangeal joints for tophi and both ankles for the DC sign) is feasible and reliable and could be proposed as a screening test for early ultrasonographic gout classification in daily practice.

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Kanto, Laura, Henna Syrjälä, and Wolfgang Mann. "Assessing Vocabulary in Deaf and Hearing Children using Finnish Sign Language." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 26, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enaa032.

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Abstract This study investigates children’s vocabulary knowledge in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL), specifically their understanding of different form-meaning mappings by using a multilayered assessment format originally developed for British Sign Language (BSL). The web-based BSL vocabulary test by Mann (2009) was adapted for FinSL following the steps outlined by Mann, Roy and Morgan (2016) and piloted with a small group of deaf and hearing native signers (N = 24). Findings showed a hierarchy of difficulty between the tasks, which is concordant with results reported previously for BSL and American Sign Language (ASL). Additionally, the reported psychometric properties of the FinSL vocabulary test strengthen previous claims made for BSL and ASL that the underlying construct is appropriate for use with signed languages. Results also add new insights into the adaptation process of tests from one signed language to another and show this process to be a reliable and valid way to develop assessment tools in lesser-researched signed languages such as FinSL.

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van der Hulst, Harry. "Units in the analysis of signs." Phonology 10, no. 2 (August 1993): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267570000004x.

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The assumption that there is a common set of linguistic principles underlying both spoken language and sign language phonology, which forms part of the human language capacity, is shared by most phonologists working on sign language. See Sandler (1993a) for an extensive discussion of these issues. But even though this assumption is reasonable, since both spoken and signed languages are products of the same human brain and fulfil the same function, it is not clear that theories of representation which have been proposed for spoken languages can be directly applied to the structure of sign languages. Such representations have been developed on the basis of the spoken language modality only. They are often so close to the phonetics of spoken languages that we cannot rule out the possibility that non-trivial aspects of them are modality-specific. Therefore, rather than, for example, attempting to test various competing (spoken language-based) theories of syllable structure, we must first investigate the structure of sign language in its own right. This strategy need not be pushed too far, however. In developing a model of signs we can benefit from general principles which have proved successful in the study of spoken languages, especially if these principles do not seem to be directly based on ‘spoken phonetics’.

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Loncke, F·. "Fonologische Beschrijving Van Gebaren En Psychomotorisch Onderzoek." Psycholinguistiek en taalstoornissen 24 (January 1, 1986): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.24.11lon.

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In the beginning of the 60s, people realized that the signs of sign languages could be described as a simultaneous bundle of phonemes (place of articulation, handconfiguration, orientation, movement). This proved to be inspiring for the further development of sign language linguistics. Moreover, this phonemic description correlates with psychological, perceptual and expressive strategies in native users. In young deaf children who acquire a sign language, we see an early development of phonological awareness. This specific aware-ness might be linked to the kinesiologicai and psychomotor status of the sign language articulators. It could be exploited in bilingual (sign language/ spoken language) programs for educating deaf children. The introduction of sign systems rather than sign language in communication with other populations (severely mentally retarded, autistic) still leaves the question open whether the learning of signs mirrors the learning of its phonemes. Proposals for analyzing sign phonemes can be used to test this. Our data are based on an imitation and a memory test with nonverbal, severely mentally retarded persons. They point in the direction of a hier-archical gradual mastery of 'psychomotor' features of the handshape.

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Chen, Si, Yuanyuan Shi, Pan Xue, and Xue Chen. "Application Value of Magnetic Resonance Arthrography of the Shoulder in Nursing and Diagnosis of Patients with Shoulder Joint Injury." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (August 23, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3051578.

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Supraspinatus tendon injury is a common clinical shoulder joint disease and is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Supraspinatus tendon injury will lead to articular cartilage injury and degeneration, then cause joint disease, seriously affect the quality of life of patients, and bring a huge burden to the family and society. This paper mainly studies and evaluates the application value of special signs of shoulder joint and indirect MR imaging in the diagnosis of supraspinatus tendon injury. Through a series of special examinations for the diagnosis of supraspinatus tendon injury in 90 patients, including zero degree abduction resistance test, arm drop test, Jobe test, Neer sign, and Hawkins sign, all patients in the study underwent indirect magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder joint. Finally, arthroscopic examination results were used as the “gold standard” to evaluate and analyze the diagnosis. The results showed that among the special signs, the specificity of the falling-arm test was the highest (72.2%) in the diagnosis of full-thickness supraspinatus tendon injury. Hawkins sign had the highest sensitivity (84.0%). In the diagnosis of partial supraspinatus tendon injury, the specificity of the Jobe test was the highest, which was 66.6%. The Neer sign had the highest sensitivity of 50.0%. In the diagnosis of full-thickness supraspinatus tendon injury, there was no significant difference in sensitivity between indirect MRI and Hawkins sign, but the diagnostic specificity of indirect MRI was higher than that of special sign examination. In the diagnosis of partial supraspinatus tendon injury, the sensitivity and specificity of indirect MR imaging are higher than those of special sign examination.

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Steiner, Ben. "Signs from the void." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 3, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 99–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.3.2.01ste.

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This is a report on a pilot project commissioned by the BBC in conjunction with the author's final MA dissertation for Durham University. The purpose of the research was to investigate British Sign Language (BSL) production on television and its comprehension by the viewing audience. The data analysis could then be used for programme decisions relating to cultural and linguistic specifications. This is especially pertinent in view of the current Broadcasting Act in Great Britain, which stipulates 1% of sign language transmission on all digital and terrestrial television by 1999 and an increase to 5% by 2009.1 In the original research, 70 hours of signed data were recorded. Individual profiles were made for each signer on a sample tape as well as a thorough description of a respondent group.The research focused on a comprehension test.This involved three group categories reflecting two varieties of sign language users, a group whose BSL is most informed (influenced) by English, another whose BSL is dominant, and a hearing (non-signing) group used for comparison. All sample and test responses were analysed and profiled in view of signing production and psychosocial treatment of the language. The use of sign language on television was compared with its wider use among deaf people.This paper summarises and concludes the discussion and recommendations that may be directly referred to by programme makers and translators/interpreters.2

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Akbar, Mutaqin. "Traffic sign recognition using convolutional neural networks." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 9, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2021.13959.

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Traffic sign recognition (TSR) can be used to recognize traffic signs by utilizing image processing. This paper presents traffic sign recognition in Indonesia using convolutional neural networks (CNN). The overall image dataset used is 2050 images of traffic signs, consisting of 10 kinds of signs. The CNN layer used in this study consists of one convolution layer, one pooling layer using maxpool operation, and one fully connected layer. The training algorithm used is stochastic gradient descent (SGD). At the training stage, using 1750 training images, 48 filters, and a learning rate of 0.005, the recognition results in 0.005 of loss and 100 % of accuracy. At the testing stage using 300 test images, the system recognizes the signs with 0.107 of loss and 97.33 % of accuracy.

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Kasai, Yuichi, Koichiro Morishita, Eiji Kawakita, Tetsushi Kondo, and Atsumasa Uchida. "A New Evaluation Method for Lumbar Spinal Instability: Passive Lumbar Extension Test." Physical Therapy 86, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20050281.

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Abstract Background and PurposeAlthough many studies have described clinical examination measures for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal instability, few of them have investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the measures that were used. The authors devised a passive lumbar extension (PLE) test for assessing lumbar spinal instability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio of this test. Subjects and Methods. The PLE test as well as the instability catch sign, painful catch sign, and apprehension sign tests were done for 122 subjects with lumbar degenerative diseases. The subjects were divided into 2 groups—instability positive and instability negative—on the basis of findings on flexion-extension films of the lumbar spine. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and positive likelihood ratio of each test were investigated. Results. The sensitivity and specificity of the PLE test were 84.2% and 90.4%, respectively. These values were higher than those of other signs. The positive likelihood ratio of the PLE test was 8.84 (95% confidence interval=4.51–17.33). Discussion and Conclusion. The PLE test is an effective method for examining patients for lumbar spinal instability and can be performed easily in an outpatient clinic.

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Kasuya, Eiiti. "Wilcoxon signed-ranks test: symmetry should be confirmed before the test." Animal Behaviour 79, no. 3 (March 2010): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.11.019.

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Graham, Johnny R., Anwar Fazal, and L. Ellis King. "Minimum Luminance of Highway Signs Required by Older Drivers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1573, no. 1 (January 1997): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1573-15.

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No standard for a minimum level of highway sign luminance or retroreflectivity exists. The purpose of this research was to establish such a level. Because of the increasing number of older drivers and their diminished visual capabilities, the focus is on sign luminance requirements of these drivers. Forty-two subjects 65 years of age or more and 19 subjects 25 years of age or less participated in this project. All subjects had a valid driver’s license and wore corrective lenses during the field test if they normally wore them while driving. The field study determined the minimum sign luminance required for the subjects to read a sign with black numerical data on a yellow background. The subjects viewed seven yellow warning signs on a simulated roadway in a large asphaltpaved parking lot. The signs were viewed at distances of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 m (32.7, 43.6, 54.5, 65.4, 76.3, 87.2, and 98.1 yd). The sign luminance was varied by using signs of differing retroreflectivity. All tests were conducted at night with low-beam headlights and no fixed roadway lighting. The sign luminance requirements for the two groups has been determined and compared.

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Hanel, A., D. Kreuzpaintner, and U. Stilla. "EVALUATION OF A TRAFFIC SIGN DETECTOR BY SYNTHETIC IMAGE DATA FOR ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-425-2018.

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Recently, several synthetic image datasets of street scenes have been published. These datasets contain various traffic signs and can therefore be used to train and test machine learning-based traffic sign detectors. In this contribution, selected datasets are compared regarding ther applicability for traffic sign detection. The comparison covers the process to produce the synthetic images and addresses the virtual worlds, needed to produce the synthetic images, and their environmental conditions. The comparison covers variations in the appearance of traffic signs and the labeling strategies used for the datasets, as well. A deep learning traffic sign detector is trained with multiple training datasets with different ratios between synthetic and real training samples to evaluate the synthetic SYNTHIA dataset. A test of the detector on real samples only has shown that an overall accuracy and ROC AUC of more than 95&thinsp;% can be achieved for both a small rate of synthetic samples and a large rate of synthetic samples in the training dataset.

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Vaidyanathan, V. S. "Wilcoxon signed rank test for imprecise observations." IOSR Journal of Mathematics 10, no. 2 (2014): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5728-10245559.

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Dewan, Isha, and B. L. S. Prakasa Rao. "Wilcoxon-signed rank test for associated sequences." Statistics & Probability Letters 71, no. 2 (February 2005): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2004.10.034.

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Datta, Somnath, and Glen A. Satten. "A Signed-Rank Test for Clustered Data." Biometrics 64, no. 2 (June 2008): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00923.x.

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Sayyareh, Abdolreza. "Linear Signed Rank Test for Model Selection." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 43, no. 21 (October 17, 2014): 4492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2012.717662.

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Freund, Kurt, Robin Watson, and Douglas Rienzo. "Signs of feigning in the phallometric test." Behaviour Research and Therapy 26, no. 2 (1988): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(88)90109-x.

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Maesono, Yoshihiko. "Competitors of the Wilcoxon signed rank test." Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 39, no. 2 (December 1987): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02491474.

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Liu, Kun, and Hongxing Deng. "The Analysis of Driver’s Recognition Time of Different Traffic Sign Combinations on Urban Roads via Driving Simulation." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (August 11, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8157293.

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Given the impact of traffic sign combinations (TSC) on the driver’s visual recognition, this paper analyzed the influence on the driver’s visual recognition process. It used the cognitive psychology theory to establish the information transmission model during the traffic sign combinations. It abstracted the information transmission model to construct the driver’s information processing model. Simultaneously, according to the analysis of the traffic sign combinations of the urban roads, this paper carried out the driver’s visual recognition simulation test when the traffic signs were combined, measured the reaction time of the driver’s visual recognition of multiple combinations of traffic signs, and analyzed the driver’s recognition time (DRT) range in the traffic sign combinations. It used correlation analysis, robust estimation, polynomial regression, and other methods to obtain a significant relationship between the driver’s recognition times in different traffic sign combinations (DTSC). Then it built polynomial regression analysis models, fitted the data, and visualized the fitting results. The results show that through the analysis of the experimental data, based on ensuring certain accuracy, the driver’s recognition time of the traffic sign combinations of the urban road increased appropriately. There is a significant relationship between different traffic sign combinations and the driver’s recognition time. As the number of traffic signs increases, the driver’s recognition time increases significantly. Besides, under certain conditions, gender, age, and the driving experience will impact the driver’s recognition time during the traffic sign combinations. The research results can provide the relevant theoretical basis for the setting of urban traffic signs, provide a powerful reference for the revision of various traffic sign setting standards and norms, and provide ideas for future research on the sign system.

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Shi, Yuqi, Yi Zhang, Tao Wang, Chaoyang Li, and Shengqiang Yuan. "The Effects of Ambient Illumination, Color Combination, Sign Height, and Observation Angle on the Legibility of Wayfinding Signs in Metro Stations." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104133.

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Well-designed wayfinding signs play an important role in improving the service level of metro stations, ensuring the safety of passengers in evacuation, and promoting the sustainable development of public transport. This study explored the effects of ambient illumination, color combination, sign height, and observation angle on wayfinding signs’ legibility in metro stations. In the experiment, simulated metro-wayfinding signs were made to test legibility. As designed, the legibility was measured based on the following independent variables: two levels of ambient illumination (70 lux and 273 lux), two target/background color combinations (achromatic-white target on black background, chromatic-yellow target on black background), two sign heights (1.5 m and 2 m), and three observation angles (0°, 45°, 70°). The results showed that brighter ambient illumination provided passengers with higher legibility. Achromatic color combination was more legible than chromatic color combination, but not significantly. Different types of signs, set at different height, did not directly affect legibility. Observation angle had significant effects on legibility. Visibility catchment area of wayfinding signs was like an ellipse, with its short axis nearly equal to the legibility distance of the sign at 0 degrees. The findings will facilitate the layout and setting location of wayfinding signs in metro stations and improve the level of wayfinding service.

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McDougall, Michelle K., and Glen D. Rayner. "Robustness to non-normality of various tests for the one-sample location problem." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s117391260400015x.

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This paper studies the effect of the normal distribution assumption on the power and size of the sign test, Wilcoxon's signed rank test and the t-test when used in one-sample location problems. Power functions for these tests under various skewness and kurtosis conditions are produced for several sample sizes from simulated data using the g-and-k distribution of MacGillivray and Cannon [5].

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Hossain, M. J., and A. K. Majumder. "Proposed Distance-Based Test for Testing Multivariate Multiple Regression Coefficients under Restricted Alternatives." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 7, no. 2 (February 14, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n2p56.

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In constructing estimation and hypothesis testing procedures, it is important that all available information such as sign of parameter is used in order to maximize power of the test. Often prior information are known about the sign of regression coefficients (parameter) under test, the best example being that variances cannot be negative. Ignoring information about the signs of regression parameters can lead to loss of power in small samples. With this problem in mind, this paper concerned with developing restricted estimation and hypothesis testing approach in the context of multivariate multiple regression model. Developing the technique of estimating constraint regression coefficients and testing restricted parameters with the aid of information theoretic distance are the main contribution of this paper. The distribution of the existing two-sided test follows central chi-square distribution whereas the test statistic of our proposed distance-based one-sided test follows weighted mixture of chi-square distribution. Monte Carlo simulation indicates that our newly proposed test performs better than existing tests.

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Fader, Ayala. "Reading Jewish signs: The socialization of multilingual literacies among Hasidic women and girls in Brooklyn, New York." Text & Talk - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse Communication Studies 28, no. 5 (January 2008): 621–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text.2008.032.

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Isham, William P. "On The Relevance of Signed Languages to Research in Interpretation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.7.1.11ish.

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Abstract Research using interpreters who work with signed languages can aid us in understanding the cognitive processes of interpretation in general. Using American Sign Language (ASL) as an example, the nature of signed languages is outlined first. Then the difference between signed languages and manual codes for spoken languages is delineated, and it is argued that these two manners of communicating through the visual channel offer a unique research opportunity. Finally, an example from recent research is used to demonstrate how comparisons between spoken-language interpreters and signed-language interpreters can be used to test hypotheses regarding interpretation.

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Okeh, U. M., and I. Onyeagu Sidney. "Comparison of Two Diagnostic Test Procedures Using Modified Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test." Asian Journal of Mathematics & Statistics 13, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajms.2020.14.20.

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Grzegorzewski, Przemyslaw, and Martyna Śpiewak. "The sign test and the signed‐rank test for interval‐valued data." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 34, no. 9 (July 23, 2019): 2122–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22134.

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Wrackmeyer, Bernd. "Sign-Determination of Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in tert-Butylphosphaalkyne." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-0323.

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The signs o f the coupling constants 1J(31P≡13C) ( > O ) , J(31P13C) ( > O ) , 3J(31P13C) ( > O ) and 4J(31P1H) ( > O ) in tert-butyl-phosphaalkyne (1) were determined by selective 1H {31P} NMR experiments and two-dimensional (2 D ) 13C/1H heteronuclear shift correlations based on nJ(13C1H ) (n = 1,2,3), confirming the previously assumed positive sign of 1J( 31P≡13C) in phosphaalkynes.

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Arize, Augustine C., Ioannis N. Kallianiotis, John Malindretos, Alex Panayides, and Demetri Tsanacas. "A Comparison of the Current Account and the Monetary Theories of Exchange Rate Determination." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n2p102.

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In this study, we develop a way to test for the two theories, the Monetary and the current account, in explaining exchange rate determination. The approach we develop has two components to it. The first is a test of the appropriate signs. That is, the two theories disagree on the signs of the determining variables. Thus, depending on the sign of the regressors, we can prove the one, or the other. The second sub test is one which has to do with the speed of adjustment. Specifically, importance should be depicted in a quicker speed of adjustment. On that issue, if real(monetary) variables adjust faster, then it supports the traditional (monetary) view.

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Dias, Fabio S., and Gareth W. Peters. "A Non-parametric Test and Predictive Model for Signed Path Dependence." Computational Economics 56, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 461–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10614-019-09934-7.

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Abstract While several tests for serial correlation in financial markets have been proposed and applied successfully in the literature, such tests provide rather limited information to construct predictive econometric models. This manuscript addresses this gap by providing a model-free definition of signed path dependence based on how the sign of cumulative innovations for a given lookback horizon correlates with the future cumulative innovations for a given forecast horizon. Such concept is then theoretically validated on well-known time series model classes and used to build a predictive econometric model for future market returns, which is applied to empirical forecasting by means of a profit-seeking trading strategy. The empirical experiment revealed strong evidence of serial correlation of unknown form in equity markets, being statistically significant and economically significant even in the presence of trading costs. Moreover, in equity markets, given a forecast horizon of one day, the forecasting strategy detected the strongest evidence of signed path dependence; however, even for longer forecast horizons such as 1 week or 1 month the strategy still detected such evidence albeit to a lesser extent. Currency markets also presented statistically significant serial dependence across some pairs, though not economically significant under the trading formulation presented.

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Evans, Jeff. "When Signs Point to Mercury, Do the Test." Pediatric News 40, no. 1 (January 2006): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(06)70839-6.

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Rosenblatt, Jonathan D., and Yoav Benjamini. "On Mixture Alternatives and Wilcoxon’s Signed-Rank Test." American Statistician 72, no. 4 (June 8, 2018): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2017.1360795.

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Ramsey, Philip H., J. L. Hodges, and Juliet Popper Shaffer. "Significance probabilities of the wilcoxon signed-rank test." Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 2, no. 2 (January 1993): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485259308832548.

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Wilson, Robin J. "Psychophysiological Signs of Faking in the Phallometric Test." Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 10, no. 2 (April 1998): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107906329801000204.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Test de signe'

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