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1
Duan, D. S., T. Nagashima, T. Hoshino, F. Waldman, K. Pawlak, and W. Sadee. "Mechanisms of 2′-deoxyguanosine toxicity in mouse T-lymphoma cells with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency and resistance to inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by dGTP." Biochemical Journal 268, no. 3 (June 15, 1990): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2680725.
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Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP; EC 2.4.2.1) deficiency is thought to cause T-lymphocyte depletion by accumulation of dG and dGTP, resulting in feedback inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (RR; EC 1.17.4.1) and hence DNA synthesis. To test for additional toxic mechanisms of dG, we selected a double mutant of the mouse T-lymphoma S-49 cell line, dGuo-L, which is deficient in PNP and partially resistant to dGTP feedback inhibition of RR. The effects of dG on dGuo-L cells (concn. causing 50% inhibition, IC50 = 150 microM) were compared with those on the wild-type cells (IC50 = 30 microM) and the NSU-1 mutant with PNP deficiency only (IC50 = 15 microM). Fluorescence flow cytometry showed that equitoxic dG concentrations arrested wild-type and NSU-1 cells at the G1-S interface while allowing continued DNA synthesis in the S-phase, whereas the double mutant dGuo-L cells progressed through the cell cycle normally. dGuo-L cells accumulated high levels of dGTP in G1-phase, but not in S-phase cells, because of the utilization of dGTP for DNA synthesis and limited capacity to synthesize dGTP from dG. These results support the hypothesis that dG/dGTP toxicity occurs in the G1-phase or at the G1-S interface. Failure of dG to arrest the double mutant dGuo-L cells at the G1-S interface allows these cells to escape into S-phase, with an accompanying drop in dGTP levels. Thus the partial resistance of dGuo-L cells to dG toxicity may result from their shorter residence time in G1, allowing them to sustain higher dGTP levels. Hence RR inhibition by dGuo may not be the primary toxic mechanism in S-49 cells; rather, it may serve as an accessory event in dG toxicity by keeping the cells in the sensitive phase of the cell cycle. Among the possible targets of dG toxicity is RNA synthesis, which was inhibited at an early stage in dGuo-L cells.
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Zhang, Yuexin, and Lihui Wang. "A Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm DGP-MLP for GNSS/INS Integration during GNSS Outages." Journal of Navigation 72, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318000760.
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The performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)-based Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated navigation is reduced during GNSS outages. To bridge the period during GNSS outages, a novel hybrid intelligent algorithm incorporating a Discrete Grey Predictor (DGP) and a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network (DGP-MLP) is proposed. The DGP-MLP is used to provide a pseudo-GNSS position to correct the INS errors during GNSS outages; the DGP uses the GNSS position information of the latest few moments to predict the position of future moments; in the process of DGP-MLP, the MLP is used to modify the prediction errors of DGP, and the MLP is improved by adding momentum terms and adaptively adjusting the learning rate and momentum factor. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, four GNSS outages in different cases over a real field test data were employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology can significantly improve positioning accuracy during GNSS outages.
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Bhasin, Neha, Jeff Stevens, Masaru Niki, Huaxiang Tong, Craig Kuder, Raymond J. Hohl, and Steven R. Lentz. "Dissecting The Effects Of Isoprenoid Pathway Inhibition On Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Differential Effects Of Atorvastatin and Digeranyl Bisphosphonate In Hypercholesterolemic Mice." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2378.2378.
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Abstract Background Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, leading to decreased production of cholesterol and isoprenoid metabolites. There is growing evidence that statins have protective effects on arterial thrombosis through pleiotropic mechanisms that may be independent of their cholesterol lowering effects. The antithrombotic effects of statins have been proposed to be related in part to diminished synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). To test this hypothesis, we determined the hemostatic and thrombotic effects of atorvastatin and digeranyl bisphosphonate (DGBP), a specific inhibitor of GGPP synthase, in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Methods ApoE-/- mice were treated with either vehicle, atorvastatin (50 mg/kg/d), or DGBP (0.4 mg/kg/d) subcutaneously for 7 days. Tissue levels of GGPP and its precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) were measured by HPLC. Plasma total cholesterol was measured enzymatically. Susceptibility to thrombotic occlusion of the carotid artery was measured in response to injury with FeCl3. Platelet count, early platelet activation responses (surface expression of P-selectin and activation of integrin αIIbβ3), platelet clot retraction, and tail-transection bleeding times were also assessed. Results Compared with vehicle or atorvastatin-treated mice, DGBP- treated mice had elevated levels of FPP in heart (P<0.001) and lung (P<0.001) and decreased levels of GGPP in heart (P<0.01) and liver (P<0.01). Plasma total cholesterol was decreased in atorvastatin-treated mice (199±14 mg/dL) compared with vehicle- (284±32 mg/dL) or DGBP- treated (321±21 mg/dL) mice (P<0.05). The platelet count was decreased in DGBP-treated mice (638,000±90,000/mL) compared with vehicle-treated mice (1,208,000±72,000/mL; P<0.01). The time to stable occlusion of the carotid artery was prolonged in atorvastatin-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice (8.6±2.4 vs. 5.3± 0.3 minutes; P<0.05). In contrast, DGBP-treated mice were not protected from carotid artery thrombosis (6.8±0.9 minutes). Bleeding times were markedly prolonged in DGBP-treated mice (502±68 seconds) compared with atorvastatin-treated (152±66 seconds) or vehicle-treated (132±72 seconds) mice (P<0.05). Early platelet activation responses (αIIbβ3 activation and surface P-selectin expression) after stimulation with thrombin (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 units/mL) did not differ between vehicle-, atorvastatin- and DGBP-treated mice, but platelet clot retraction was significantly delayed in DGBP-treated mice compared with atorvastatin- or vehicle-treated mice (P<0.05). Conclusions The observed changes in isoprenoid metabolites were consistent with the known inhibitory effects of atorvastatin on the isoprenoid pathway upstream of cholesterol synthesis, and of DGBP downstream of FPP synthesis. In contrast to our hypothesis, inhibition of GGPP production with DGBP did not prevent arterial thrombosis despite causing modest thrombocytopenia, decreased platelet clot retraction, and impairment of primary hemostasis in hypercholesterolemic mice. The differential effects of DGBP and atorvastatin suggest that the antithrombotic effects of statins are largely independent of geranylgeranyl-mediated processes. Disclosures: Hohl: Terpenoid Therapeutics: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties. Lentz:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Butowski, Nicholas, Ying Mao, Wilson Wu, Wen Luo, Lan Ge, Daniel Pertschuk, Theresa Dewitt, Isabel Han, and Thomas Heineman. "RTID-09. A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLINDED, PHASE 3 STUDY OF ENZASTAURIN ADDED TO TEMOZOLOMIDE DURING AND FOLLOWING RADIATION THERAPY IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS WHO POSSESS THE NOVEL BIOMARKER, DGM1." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.814.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Limited progress has been made in improving therapeutic outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Enzastaurin (enza) is an oral PKC-β inhibitor that suppresses signaling through the PKC and PI3K/AKT pathways. Although enza did not significantly improve survival in a prior Phase 1/2 study, we have identified a novel genomic biomarker, DGM1, that may predict a response to enza in GBM. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To assess whether enza added to temozolomide and radiation therapy (RT) improves overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed GBM patients who possess the DGM1 biomarker. POPULATION Adults with newly diagnosed GBM regardless of DGM1 status who have undergone surgical resection and are candidates for chemoradiation. Approximately 318 patients will be enrolled. DGM1 status will be determined prior to analysis. DESIGN This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Patients will be stratified by MGMT and IDH1 status and by geographic region. Treatment will be divided into 3 phases. In the Concurrent Phase (6 weeks), patients will receive RT plus temozolomide and either enzastaurin or placebo. Patients will then enter the Single-Agent Phase and receive either enza or placebo (21-35 days). Then, patients will enter the Adjuvant Phase and receive temozolomide with either enza or placebo (6-12 cycles) followed by enza or placebo alone (to 24 cycles total). ANALYSIS The primary efficacy endpoint of OS will be analyzed using stratified log-rank test for all DGM1-positive randomized patients. The study has approximately 90% power to detect a HR of 0.63 assuming 196 OS events based on a 2.5% one-sided false positive error rate. Statistical significance would be achieved with an estimated observed HR < 0.76. Safety evaluation will include all patients receiving at least one dose of enza or placebo. If OS in DGM1-positive patients is statistically significant, OS in the overall population will be assessed.
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Sugai, Emilia, Hui Jer Hwang, Horacio Vázquez, Edgardo Smecuol, Sonia Niveloni, Roberto Mazure, Eduardo Mauriño, et al. "New Serology Assays Can Detect Gluten Sensitivity among Enteropathy Patients Seronegative for Anti–Tissue Transglutaminase." Clinical Chemistry 56, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2009.129668.
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Abstract Background: Some patients with celiac disease (CD) may be seronegative with the commonly used test for IgA anti–tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies. Our aim was to explore whether newer assays incorporating synthetic deamidated gliadin-related peptides (DGPs) or other TG isoenzymes as antigen are useful for detecting gluten sensitivity in IgA anti-tTG–seronegative patients. Methods: We assayed serum samples obtained at diagnosis from (a) anti-tTG–seronegative patients with a CD-like enteropathy (n = 12), (b) skin biopsy–proven dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) patients (n = 26), and (c) IgA anti-tTG–positive CD patients (n = 26). All patients had typical total IgA concentrations. All patients underwent intestinal biopsy and serum testing for (a) detection of IgA and IgG isotypes of both anti-DGP and anti-tTG in a single assay (tTG/DGP Screen; INOVA Diagnostics), (b) simultaneous detection of both IgA and IgG anti-DGP antibody isotypes (DGP Dual; INOVA Diagnostics), and (c) detection of antibodies to transglutaminase 3 (TG3) or transglutaminase 6 (TG6). Results: All anti-tTG–seropositive patients also tested positive in anti-DGP assays. Overall, tTG/DGP Screen detected 6 (31.6%) of the 19 anti-tTG seronegatives, and anti-DGP Dual produced positive results in 5 (26.3%) of these cases. Whereas both assays detected 2 anti-tTG–negative DH patients with partial villous atrophy, they were positive in only 2 of the 5 cases with no histologically discernible mucosal damage. Testing for antibodies to TG3 and TG6 identified 7 (36.8%) of the 19 anti-tTG–negative patients, 5 of which were also positive for anti-DGP. Conclusions: Detection of anti-DGP with tTG/DGP Screen or anti-DGP Dual, or detection of antibodies to other TG isoenzymes, enhances the sensitivity for detecting gluten sensitivity among non–IgA- deficient, anti-tTG–seronegative patients with CD-like enteropathy.
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Shin-Huei Wang, Cindy, and Cheng Hsiao. "Real-Time Monitoring Test for Realized Volatility." Journal of Time Series Econometrics 5, no. 1 (May 15, 2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtse-2012-0014.
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AbstractThis paper proposes a monitoring cumulative sum of squares (CUSQ)-type test for structural breaks in real time via an autoregressive (AR) approximation framework where data generating process (DGP) is a long memory process. The limiting distribution of the monitoring test follows a Brownian bridge and is free of long memory parameters under the null hypothesis of no break. The test is easy to implement and avoids the issue of spurious breaks found for some retrospective tests for long memory process. Neither does it need to use the bootstrap procedure to find the critical values. Monte Carlo simulations appear to confirm that there exists negligible size distortion and satisfactory power performances in finite samples. The procedure is then applied to monitor the real-time pattern of realized volatilities of dollar–Deutschmark and dollar–Japanese Yen.
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Bárcenas, Gabriela, Celia Escamilla, and Miguel Ángel García Aspeitia. "Cosmological analysis of a Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati stable model with H(z) observations." Revista Mexicana de Física 64, no. 6 (October 31, 2018): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.64.584.
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In this paper, we will present a Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati stable model in order to perform an observational test using $H(z)$ data and radial BAO scale in the galaxy distribution. In this vein, we study the tension between constraints on the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and the crossover scale $r_c$, which is associated with the DGP model. Our results show that observations do not favor the DGP stable model as a possible candidate to fit to the observations of the late cosmic acceleration.
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Nekrasov, Roman V., Gennady A. Ivanov, Magomed G. Chabaev, Elena Y. Tsis, Nadezhda V. Bogolyubova, and Daria A. Nikanova. "PSX-40 Late-Breaking Abstract: Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fishmeal by Insect Meal on Growth Performance and Non-specific Immunity of Growing Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.620.
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Abstract Recent data show that dried larvae of darkling beetles (Zophobas morio L., DZML) and dried larvae of wax moths (Galleria mellonella L., DGML) contains a significant amount of protein, fat, chitin, melanin, antimicrobial peptides, trace elements etc. Larva’s fat is rich in lauric and other medium-chain fatty acids. The aim of our research was to study the influence of dietary replacement of fishmeal (FM) by insect meal on growth performance and nonspecific immunity of growing pigs. Experiments were performed using crossbred [(BWxL)xD] pigs (BW1=14.39±0.19 kg, N=27, n = 9) during the growing period. Animals were allocated to 3 groups: 1 – control (standard feed (SF), including FM), 2 – experimental (SF+2.5%DZML), 3 – experimental (SF+3.0%DGML). The materials obtained in the experiment was biometrically processed using the ANOVA method (at P >0.05 or P < 0.05). The use of DZML&DGML in feed didn’t reduce ADG of experimental animals during the growing period (413.23&413.76 vs. 413.76 g) compared to the control group. Dried larvae supplementation didn’t reduce feed intake and nutrient digestibility. The fat digestibility increased in the 2&3-experimental group (45.0&44.36 vs 29.75%, P < 0.05), due to the high level of lipids and the profile of fatty acids in the larvae. Biochemical blood test showed a higher ALB/GLB ratio (0.85&1.43 vs 0.59, P = 0.05), higher number of WBC (12.36&12.89 vs. 10.44, P = 0.19) in the blood of the experimental animals compared to the control group. Growing pigs of the experimental groups had a higher level of nonspecific immunity, which is expressed in an increase in bactericidal, lysozyme activity of blood serum and phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Consequently, it is possible to consider the prospects of using DGML&DGML as dietary supplements to diets of growing pigs. The work was supported by the GZ АААА-А18-118021590136-7 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.
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Kaye, Cameron, Ian Jeffrey, and Joe LoVetri. "Novel Stopping Criteria for Optimization-Based Microwave Breast Imaging Algorithms." Journal of Imaging 5, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5050055.
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A discontinuous Galerkin formulation of the Contrast Source Inversion algorithm (DGM-CSI) for microwave breast imaging employing a frequency-cycling reconstruction technique has been modified here to include a set of automated stopping criteria that determine a suitable time to shift imaging frequencies and to globally terminate the reconstruction. Recent studies have explored the use of tissue-dependent geometrical mapping of the well-reconstructed real part to its imaginary part as initial guesses during consecutive frequency hops. This practice was shown to improve resulting 2D images of the dielectric properties of synthetic breast models, but a fixed number of iterations was used to halt DGM-CSI inversions arbitrarily. Herein, a new set of stopping conditions is introduced based on an intelligent statistical analysis of a window of past iterations of data error using the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. This non-parametric goodness-of-fit test establishes a pattern in the data error distribution, indicating an appropriate time to shift frequencies, or terminate the algorithm. The proposed stopping criteria are shown to improve the efficiency of DGM-CSI while yielding images of equivalent quality to assigning an often liberally overestimated number of iterations per reconstruction.
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Maleewong, Montri. "Modified Predictor-Corrector WAF Method for the Shallow Water Equations with Source Terms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/178491.
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A modified predictor-corrector scheme combining with the depth gradient method (DGM) and the weighted average flux (WAF) method has been presented to solve the one-dimensional shallow water equations with source terms. Approximate solutions in the predictor step are obtained by the DGM with piecewise-linear reconstructions in each cell volume. The source terms can then be calculated directly by these predicted values at the corresponding half-time step. In the corrector step, the TVD version of the WAF method is applied to calculate the numerical fluxes at the same half-time step for each cell face. The accuracy of numerical solutions is shown by applying the method to solve various test cases in both steady and unsteady problems with and without source terms. It shows that the numerical results are in good agreement with the existing analytical solutions as well as experimental data in some test cases.
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Marti, Claude-Olivier, Benoit Fellay, Annemarie Bürgin-Wolff, Jean-Luc Magnin, and Peter Baehler. "Evaluation of a DGP Point-of-care Test for Celiac Disease in a Pediatric Population." International Journal of Celiac Disease 3, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-3-1-8.
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Beauducel, André, and Martin Kersting. "Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence and the Berlin Model of Intelligence Structure (BIS)." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 18, no. 2 (May 2002): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.18.2.97.
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Summary: Assessment of intelligence is often based on fluid (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc), and - in the German-speaking countries - the Berlin Model of Intelligence Structure (BIS). As yet, however, the two approaches have not been systematically related to each other. The present study therefore aims to identify possible relationships between the approaches. We hypothesize that gf is related to “processing capacity” and “memory” in the BIS, whereas gc is related to “fluency” and “knowledge” and, to a lesser degree, to “processing capacity.” We also assume “processing speed” to be related to both gf and gc. All components of the BIS that are relevant to the present study were measured by means of the BIS-r-DGP test, which, together with “knowledge” scales, was administered to 9,520 persons in the context of personnel selection. The following results were obtained: First, the BIS was replicated by factor analysis of the BIS-r-DGP test. Second, “knowledge” was shown to form an additional component. Third, gf and gc emerged clearly from hierarchical factor analysis. Finally, with the exception of the relation of “fluency” to gc, all hypotheses were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis.
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Terryberry, Jeff, Jani Tuomi, Subo Perampalam, Russ Peloquin, Eric Brouwer, Detlef Schuppan, and Stefano Guandalini. "Diagnostic accuracy of a fully automated multiplex celiac disease antibody panel for serum and plasma." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 57, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 1207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-0088.
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Abstract Background An automated multiplex platform using capillary blood can promote greater throughput and more comprehensive studies in celiac disease (CD). Diagnostic accuracy should be improved using likelihood ratios for the post-test probability of ruling-in disease. Methods The Ig_plex™ Celiac Disease Panel on the sqidlite™ automated platform measured IgA and IgG antibodies to tTG and DGP in n = 224 CD serum or plasma samples. Diagnostic accuracy metrics were applied to the combined multiplex test results for several CD populations and compared to conventional single antibody ELISA tests. Results With multiple positive antibody results, the post-test probability for ruling-in untreated and treated CD increased to over 90%. The number of samples positive for more than one antibody also increased in untreated CD to ≥90%. Measurement of all four CD antibodies generate cut-off dependent accuracy profiles that can monitor response to treatment with the gluten-free diet (GFD). Higher positive tTG and DGP antibodies are seen more frequently in confirmed CD without (81%–94%) than with GFD treatment (44%–64%). In CD lacking biopsy confirmation, overall agreement of plasma to serum was ≥98% for all antibodies, and 100% for venous to capillary plasma. Conclusions The Ig_plex Celiac Disease Panel increases the likelihood of confirming CD based on the post-test probability of disease results for multi-reactive markers. Specific positivity profiles and cut-off intervals can be used to monitor GFD treatment and likely disease progression. Using serum, venous and capillary plasma yield comparable and accurate results.
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Schnarr, H. "“Grain Size Determination on Austenitic Steels” – Joint Test Results provided by DGM Work Group “Sample Preparation”." Practical Metallography 56, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 748–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.110603.
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Rogstad, K. E., I. Simms, K. A. Fenton, S. Edwards, M. Fisher, and C. A. Carne. "Screening, diagnosis and management of early syphilis in genitourinary medicine clinics in the UK." International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462053888899.
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New diagnoses of syphilis in the UK increased eight-fold between 1997 and 2002. This study, conducted in 2002, demonstrated that 31% of clinics were not confident of their expertise to obtain an adequate specimen for dark ground microscopy (DGM), and 35% were not confident of their expertise to detect treponemes on DGM. In all, 64% of clinics had observed adherence problems in HIV-positive patients treated with parenteral regimens, as against 42% with oral regimens. Also, 51% of clinics waited more than a week for the results of initial serological tests for syphilis, and 88% of clinics waited more than a week for confirmatory test results. Other concerns include the failure to perform syphilis serology consistently whenever HIV-positive patients were at risk, and the widespread use of doxycycline as a therapy for syphilis in HIV-positive patients despite concerns that this is not known to be fully treponemicidal in cerebrospinal fluid.
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White, Halbert, and Jin Seo Cho. "Higher-Order Approximations for Testing Neglected Nonlinearity." Neural Computation 24, no. 1 (January 2012): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00225.
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We illustrate the need to use higher-order (specifically sixth-order) expansions in order to properly determine the asymptotic distribution of a standard artificial neural network test for neglected nonlinearity. The test statistic is a quasi-likelihood ratio (QLR) statistic designed to test whether the mean square prediction error improves by including an additional hidden unit with an activation function violating the no-zero condition in Cho, Ishida, and White ( 2011 ). This statistic is also shown to be asymptotically equivalent under the null to the Lagrange multiplier (LM) statistic of Luukkonen, Saikkonen, and Teräsvirta ( 1988 ) and Teräsvirta ( 1994 ). In addition, we compare the power properties of our QLR test to one satisfying the no-zero condition and find that the latter is not consistent for detecting a DGP with neglected nonlinearity violating an analogous no-zero condition, whereas our QLR test is consistent.
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Engelhardt, Christian, Jochen Witzig, Thomas Tobie, and Karsten Stahl. "Influence of water contamination in gear lubricants on wear and micro-pitting performance of case carburized gears." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 4 (July 10, 2017): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2016-0152.
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Purpose Water can alter the performance of modern gear lubricants by influencing the flank load carrying capacity of gears significantly. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of water contaminations in different kinds of base oils on the micro-pitting and wear performance of case carburized gears. Design/methodology/approach Concerning micro-pitting and wear, tests, based mostly on the following standardized tests, are performed on a Forschungsstelle fuer zahnraeder und getriebebau (FZG)-back-to-back gear test rig: micro-pitting short test Graufleckenkurztest (GFKT) according to DGMK 575 (screening test), micro-pitting test Graufleckentest (GT) according to FVA 54/7 (load stage test and endurance test) and Slow-speed wear test according to DGMK 377. To investigate the effect of water on the gear load carrying capacity dependent on different types of base oils, two polyglycol oils (PG1 and PG2), a polyalphaolefin oil, a mineral oil and an ester oil E are used. Each of these oils are common wind turbine gear oils with a viscosity ISO VG-220. Additionally, a manual transmission fluid with a viscosity of society of automotive engineers (SAE) 75W-85 is tested. Findings Considering the micro-pitting and wear performance, a significant decrease caused by water contaminations could not be detected. Regarding pitting damages, a generally negative influence was observed. This influence was differently distinctive for different base oil types. Especially non-polar lubricants seem to be affected negatively. The documented damages of the tooth flanks confirm this observation. While typical pitting damages appeared in test runs with polar lubricants, the disruption in test runs with non-polar lubricants was more extensive. Based on the experimental investigations, a general model of the damaging mechanisms of water contaminations in lubricants was derived. It is split into three partitions: interaction lubricant–water (effect of water on the molecular structure of base oils and additives), chemical-material-technological (especially corrosive reactions) and tribological influence (effect of water droplets in the contact zone). It has to be considered that the additive package of lubricants affects the influence of water contaminations on the flank load carrying capacity distinctively. An influence of water on the micro-pitting and wear performance in other than the given lubricants cannot be excluded. Originality/value While former research work was focused more on the effects of water in mineral oils, investigations concerning different types of base oils as well as different types of damages were carried out within this research project.
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Chetry, Binod, Jibitesh Dutta, Ujjal Debnath, and Wompherdeiki Khyllep. "Thermodynamic and observational constraints of DGP braneworld in the light of nonlinear electrodynamics." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 16, no. 11 (November 2019): 1950173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887819501731.
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This paper deals with the study of the effect of Maxwell’s nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) in the framework of Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati (DGP) brane gravity for Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) Universe. Recently, the Hawking temperature and Bekenstein entropy have been modified for the validity of the thermodynamical laws at the event horizon. In this context, we test the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) at the apparent and event horizons. Here, the entropy of the horizon has been extracted for the following two cases: (i) by assuming the first law of thermodynamics (ii) by using modified entropy-area relation. In the case of apparent horizon, we consider the usual Hawking temperature. On the other hand, in the case of event horizon, we consider the modified Hawking temperature. Next, we discuss the geometrical parameters (deceleration, statefinder parameters and [Formula: see text] diagnostic) to explore the expansion of the accelerating Universe. From the general expression of GSLT, we find that for the apparent horizon, the GSLT always holds for any choice of model parameters in both the branches of the DGP model. However, the null energy condition must satisfy for the plausibility of GSLT at the event horizon. Finally, we use the recent observational data from Stern datasets, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa) observations to hold down the model parameters. Our analysis reveals that the DGP braneworld is free from classical instability issues and also cannot be ruled out by present thermodynamical and observational constraints.
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Colebatch, Andrew J., Tom Witkowski, Paul M. Waring, Grant A. McArthur, Stephen Q. Wong, and Alexander Dobrovic. "Optimizing Amplification of the GC-Rich TERT Promoter Region Using 7-Deaza-dGTP for Droplet Digital PCR Quantification of TERT Promoter Mutations." Clinical Chemistry 64, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 745–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.284257.
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Iorio, Lorenzo. "Astronomical Constraints on Some Long-Range Models of Modified Gravity." Advances in High Energy Physics 2007 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/90731.
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We use the corrections to the Newton-Einstein secular precessions of the longitudes of the perihelia of the inner planets, phenomenologically estimated E.V. Pitjeva by fitting almost one century of data with the EPM2004 ephemerides, to constrain some long-range models of modified gravity recently put forth to address the dark energy and dark matter problems. They are the four-dimensional ones obtained with the addition of inverse powers and logarithm of some curvature invariants, and the DGP multidimensional braneworld model. After working out the analytical expressions of the secular perihelion precessions induced by the corrections to the Newtonian potential of such models, we compare them to the estimated extra-rates of perihelia by taking their ratio for different pairs of planets instead of using one perihelion at a time for each planet separately, as done so far in literature. The curvature invariants-based models are ruled out, even by rescaling by a factor 10 the errors in the estimated planetary orbital parameters. Less neat is the situation for the DGP model. Only the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect, not included, as the other exotic models considered here, by Pitjeva in the EPM force models, passes such a test.
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Jeyaprakash, A., D. A. Davison, and T. S. Schubert. "Molecular Detection of the Laurel Wilt Fungus, Raffaelea lauricola." Plant Disease 98, no. 4 (April 2014): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0894-re.
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The laurel wilt disease fungus, Raffaelea lauricola, is killing redbay trees, spreading rapidly in the U.S. southeastern coastal plain forest, and posing a serious threat to the avocado industry in Florida. A molecular tool is urgently required to facilitate detection of this pathogen. The 5′ region of the large ribosomal RNA (28S) gene is highly variable among Raffaelea spp. and ideal for this purpose but amplification of this sequence from R. lauricola has been difficult. Different amplification conditions were tested and a high-fidelity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure utilizing a dNTP mix containing 7-deaza-dGTP was found to reliably amplify 28S sequences from R. lauricola. Sequencing the amplified products or cloned inserts also turned out to be difficult and required using a custom-blended sequencing mix containing 1 M betaine, 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, and dGTP-BigDye v3.1. Three GC-rich stem and loop or cruciform secondary structures were discovered, which may have interfered with amplification. This improved protocol made it possible to partially characterize the internal transcribed spacers sequence from R. lauricola, which also has interfering secondary structures. A TaqMan real-time PCR assay was designed using the species-specific 28S sequences and this allowed detection of R. lauricola from wood tissues or cultures. Wood tissues from symptomatic redbay, avocado, and sassafras trees in Florida were screened using this TaqMan assay and several were found to test positive for R. lauricola. Results were further confirmed by performing Koch's postulates for avocado specimens collected from commercial grooves.
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Prasad, Kaushal K., Uma Debi, Saroj K. Sinha, Chander K. Nain, and Kartar Singh. "Hepatobiliary Disorders in Celiac Disease: An Update." International Journal of Hepatology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/438184.
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This communication reviews recent literature and summarizes hepatobiliary abnormalities that may complicate the clinical course of celiac disease. A wide spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases has been described, including asymptomatic elevations of liver enzyme levels, nonspecific hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune and cholestatic liver disease. Moreover, in the majority of patients, liver enzyme levels will normalize on a gluten-free diet. In addition, celiac disease may be associated with rare hepatic complications, such as hepatic T-cell lymphoma. Because many celiac patients do not have overt gastrointestinal symptoms, a high index of suspicion is required. Simple methods of detecting celiac disease such as serum antibody tests help in the early identification of the disease, thus preventing serious complications of the disorder. The IgG DGP antibody test and IgA tTG antibody test used in combination are an excellent screening test for suspected cases of celiac disease.
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Parizade, Miriam, Yoram Bujanover, Batya Weiss, Vered Nachmias, and Bracha Shainberg. "Performance of Serology Assays for Diagnosing Celiac Disease in a Clinical Setting." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 11 (September 23, 2009): 1576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00205-09.
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ABSTRACT Diagnosis of celiac disease frequently depends upon serology assays. We set out to prospectively assess the diagnostic value of five serology tests: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-immunoglobulin A (IgA) and tTG-IgG, a chemiluminescence assay for tTG-IgA, an ELISA for deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) IgG and IgA screening, and detection of endomysial antibodies (Abs) by indirect immunofluorescence. One hundred sixteen children at high risk for developing celiac disease were evaluated clinically and underwent small bowel biopsies and blood serology tests. We examined differences between younger and older children in terms of clinical presentation, test performance, and the ability of high Ab levels to correctly predict diagnosis of celiac disease. Celiac disease was diagnosed for 85 (73%) children. No significant clinical differences were observed between the biopsy-positive and biopsy-negative groups. Children ≤3 years of age revealed higher concentrations of tTG-IgA and DGP Abs than children >3 years old (P = 0.017 and 0.007, respectively). High Ab concentrations were predictive of villous atrophies, with sensitivities ranging from 92.8% to 97.9%, depending on the assay and the cutoff points applied. Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values varied among assays and improved after correction for best cutoff points. Assay specificities obtained in the clinical setting were lower than expected. The new tTG-IgA chemiluminescence assay demonstrated high throughput but low specificity (74.2%). The tTG-IgA ELISA exhibited the highest test efficiency, and the tTG-IgA chemiluminescence assay was suitable for large-scale screening, with reduced specificity. High concentrations of celiac disease-specific Abs bring into question the need for performance of biopsies on children at high risk.
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Latijnhouwers, Maita, Teun Munnik, and Francine Govers. "Phospholipase D in Phytophthora infestans and Its Role in Zoospore Encystment." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 9 (September 2002): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.9.939.
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We show that differentiation of zoospores of the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans into cysts, a process called encystment, was triggered by both phosphatidic acid (PA) and the G-protein activator mastoparan. Mastoparan induced the accumulation of PA, indicating that encystment by mastoparan most likely acts through PA. Likewise, mechanical agitation of zoospores, which often is used to induce synchronized encystment, resulted in increased levels of PA. The levels of diacylglycerolpyrophosphate (DGPP), the phosphorylation product of PA, increased simultaneously. Also in cysts, sporangiospores, and mycelium, mastoparan induced increases in the levels of PA and DGPP. Using an in vivo assay for phospholipase D (PLD) activity, it was shown that the mastoparan-induced increase in PA was due to a stimulation of the activity of this enzyme. Phospholipase C in combination with diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase activity also can generate PA, but activation of these enzymes by mastoparan was not detected under conditions selected to highlight 32P-PA production via DAG kinase. Primary and secondary butanol, which, like mastoparan, have been reported to activate G-proteins, also stimulated PLD activity, whereas the inactive tertiary isomer did not. Similarly, encystment was induced by n- and sec-butanol but not by tert-butanol. Together, these results show that Phytophthora infestans contains a mastoparan- and bu-tanol-inducible PLD pathway and strongly indicate that PLD is involved in zoospore encystment. The role of G-proteins in this process is discussed.
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Verma, Dushyant, Kumudha Balakrishnan, Susan O'Brien, Deborah A. Thomas, Alessandra Ferrajoli, William G. Wierda, Amit Verma, et al. "Phase II, Single Center Study of Oral Forodesine in Patients with Advanced, Fludarabine-Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2369.2369.
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Abstract Abstract 2369 Poster Board II-346 Background: The prognosis of fludarabine-refractory patients is poor and the current salvage regimens produce low CR rates and are unlikely to improve long-term survival in this patient population. Forodesine, an analog inhibitor of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), leads to rise in plasma dGuo levels followed by accumulation of dGTP in T-cells,that results in DNA breakdown and cell apoptosis. Forodesine has exhibited promising clinical activity in T cell leukemia with complete inhibition of PNP during therapy (Gandhi et al, Blood 106:4253, 2005). Previous in-vitro studies conducted by our group demonstrated that forodesine induces caspase dependent cell death in primary CLL cells by accumulating high intracellular dGTP in CLL cells (Balakrishnan et al, Blood 108:2392, 2006). This provided the rationale to test forodesine in B-CLL. Aims: i) to investigate the efficacy (CR + PR) of forodesine in treating patients with advanced, fludarabine-treated CLL, ii) to evaluate the toxicity, duration of response, disease-free survival and overall survival associated with treatment with forodesine, and iii) to correlate PK/PD data of forodesine in CLL with its clinical activity. Methods: Patients with primary resistance to fludarabine-based therapy (no CR or PR) or with progressive disease after response to prior fludarabine based regimen were eligible. The forodesine dose was 200 mg oral once daily, administered continuously up to a maximum of 24 weeks. Blood samples were collected on days 1-5 and day 28 and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were determined. Ex vivo incubation with forodesine and dGuo were also performed in CLL lymphocytes to compare the treatment effects in vivo and ex vivo investigations. Results: 8 patients were treated, the median age was 62 years (range 51-68), 7 males, median absolute lymphocyte count 35.85 (range 1.4-156.66) × 109/L, median serum beta 2 microglobulin level was 6.45 (range 3.6-16.3) mg/L. Six patients had Rai stage III-IV disease, the, median number of prior therapy was 5 (range 1-10), 5 patients were fludarabine refractory, 5 were ZAP-70 positive. Seven patients are evaluable for response and toxicity. Two patients had a transient decrease in their absolute lymphocyte count to normal level after the first 4 weeks, but it was short lasting. In the other 5 patients, the WBC counts increased progressively and in 3 patients there was also progression in lymphadenopathies. The toxicities observed were mild and included fatigue, bronchitis, diarrhea and low grade fever. Myelosuppression was transient and included neutropenia thrombocytopenia in 3 patients. One patient had pneumonia. The steady-state level of forodesine, measured on day 2, 3, 4, and 5, ranged between 200-1300 nM (n=8). At these concentrations, PNP inhibition in circulating RBCs, ranged between 57 and 89% (n=8). With this extent of PNP inhibition, steady-state dGuo concentration was a median 1.8 μM (range, 0.56 – 4.4 μM, n=8). The starting level of intracellular dGTP was a median 5 μM (range, 0.9 - 7.8 μM, n = 7) which increased to a median 12.5 μM (range 1.9 - 65 μM, n = 7). The circulating lymphocytes did not show annexin positivity above 10% during the first five days of treatment. To determine if CLL lymphocytes accumulate dGTP at high dGuo (10 and 20 μM) levels, we performed ex vivo incubations. Compared to in vivo, higher levels of dGTP were achieved ex vivo with a 10-50% increase in apoptosis. Conclusion: Oral forodesine showed activity with decrease in peripheral lymphocyte counts in 2 of 7 evaluable patients. However, all patients ultimately progressed while on treatment. Side effects were mild. The ex vivo biologic data and in vivo pharmacodynamic and clinical data suggest that forodesine has biological activity, and that alternative dosing schedules should be explored in future CLL trials. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Forodesine is not approved by FDA for treatment of CLL. Bantia:BioCryst: Employment. Gandhi:Mundipharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Biocryst: Honoraria, Research Funding. Ravandi:Biocryst: Research Funding.
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Farrash, W., M. Brook, H. Crossland, B. E. Phillips, J. Cegielski, D. J. Wilkinson, D. Constantin-Teodosiu, et al. "Impacts of rat hindlimb Fndc5/irisin overexpression on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 318, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): E943—E955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00034.2020.
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Myokines, such as irisin, have been purported to exert physiological effects on skeletal muscle in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of in vivo fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5)/irisin upregulation in muscle. Overexpression (OE) of Fndc5 in rat hindlimb muscle was achieved by in vivo electrotransfer, i.e., bilateral injections of Fndc5 harboring vectors for OE rats ( n = 8) and empty vector for control rats ( n = 8). Seven days later, a bolus of D2O (7.2 mL/kg) was administered via oral gavage to quantify muscle protein synthesis. After an overnight fast, on day 9, 2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate (2-DG6P; 6 mg/kg) was provided during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (2 g/kg) to assess glucose handling. Animals were euthanized, musculus tibialis cranialis muscles and subcutaneous fat (inguinal) were harvested, and metabolic and molecular effects were evaluated. Muscle Fndc5 mRNA increased with OE (~2-fold; P = 0.014), leading to increased circulating irisin (1.5 ± 0.9 to 3.5 ± 1.2 ng/mL; P = 0.049). OE had no effect on protein anabolism or mitochondrial biogenesis; however, muscle glycogen was increased, along with glycogen synthase 1 gene expression ( P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). In addition to an increase in glycogen synthase activation in OE ( P = 0.03), there was a tendency toward increased glucose transporter 4 protein ( P = 0.09). However, glucose uptake (accumulation of 2-DG6P) was identical. Irisin elicited no endocrine effect on mitochondrial biogenesis or uncoupling proteins in white adipose tissue. Hindlimb overexpression led to physiological increases in Fndc5/irisin. However, our data indicate limited short-term impacts of irisin in relation to muscle anabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose uptake, or adipose remodeling.
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Baraba Dekanić, Kristina, Ivona Butorac Ahel, Lucija Ružman, Jasmina Dolinšek, Jernej Dolinšek, and Goran Palčevski. "Is There a Role of Using a Rapid Finger Prick Antibody Test in Screening for Celiac Disease in Children?" Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2019 (October 7, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4504679.
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Introduction. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Despite the increasing prevalence of CD, many patients remain undiagnosed. Standard serology tests are expensive and invasive, so several point-of-care tests (POC) for CD have been developed. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CD in first-grade pupils in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia, using a POC test. Methods. A Biocard celiac test that detects IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase in whole blood was used to screen for celiac disease in healthy first-grade children born in 2011 and 2012 who consumed gluten without restrictions. Results. 1478 children were tested, and none of them were tested positive with a rapid test. In 10 children (0,6%), IgA deficiency has been suspected; only 4 of them agreed to be tested further for total IgA, anti-tTG, and anti-DGP antibodies. IgA deficiency was confirmed in 3 patients, and in all 4 children, CD has been excluded. Conclusion. Our results have not confirmed the usefulness of the POC test in screening the general population of first-grade schoolchildren. Further research is needed to establish the true epidemiology of CD in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and to confirm the value of the rapid test in comparison with standard antibody CD testing.
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Daich, Safa, Mohamed Yacine Saadi, Barbara EA Piga, and Ahmed Motie Daiche. "A Combined Method for an Exhaustive Investigation of the Anidolic Ceiling Effect on Improving Indoor Office Daylight Quality: an Approach Based on HDR Photography and Subjective Evaluations." Journal of Daylighting 8, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2021.14.
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Lighting quality in office environments is a broad concept that must be taken into account in the design stage to deliver comfortable spaces to reduce workers' stress. Indeed, daylight should be sufficient to perform visual tasks while avoiding excessive brightness, high contrast, or intense sunlight reflections that can cause discomfort glare. This research aims to test the Anidolic Integrated Ceiling (AIC) performance in creating a visually comfortable space by reducing the probability of glare. A combined method was adopted for investigating the influence of the building orientation and the workers' view directions in the different moments of the day in the winter season. Data collection was performed in an experimental environment, i.e., a physical scale model of 1:4 under real sky conditions. Three variables were: (i) the viewer's positions (parallel and face to the window), (ii) the façade orientation, (iii) the time of the day (morning and afternoon). To investigate the correlation between the simulated environment and the subjective comfort, we collected the following data in parallel: illuminance level, Daylight Glare Probability Index (DGIP), Luminance Contrast Ratios (LCR) for assessing the daylighting environments, and people reactions to the lighting setting to evaluate the perceived discomfort glare. The findings indicate that the Anidolic system's performance differs according to the occupant's orientation and her\his visual direction. The performance of the north façade of the case study application in Biskra, Algeria, was the best one. Indeed, the AIC system allows a harmonious luminance distribution without creating discomfort glare. Glare assessment shows that glare is perceived imperceptible in the lateral view (less than 0.30) and varies between imperceptible and perceptible in the parallel view (LCR values between 1:1 and 1:29). The questionnaire results show that the subjects were more satisfied with the luminous atmosphere of the lateral view than the parallel view where people more likely perceived discomfort. The statistical analysis shows that participants' perceptions of contrast and sensitivity to glare have a strong relationship with DGIP and LCR (0.000) and no correlation with illuminance and LCR.
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Uriarte, Urtza, Jose Miguel Rico-Martinez, Joan L. Zamora, and Rufino J. Hernández. "Transition Planes for Visual Comfort: Out View with Complex Fenestration System Design at Restaurants in Spain." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071906.
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This work deals with daylighting for quality indoor atmospheres, considering building skins. In recent years, almost all retrofit facades of restaurants are highly glazed façades, boosting glare, sun ray absorption and overheating inside. Most of the time, they are not integrated with daylight control; therefore, lighting and out view requirements are not so balanced. Taking into account this daylighting complexity, an alternative façade system is proposed to simulate by Radiance. Previously, perception simulations are compared with measured data, in order to discretize the simulations. In addition, for one point three different view are assessed as: work plane, relation plane and the out plane. Subsequently, two virtual façade models, windows combined by complex fenestration system (CFS) as prismatic film (PF) and highly glazed façade, are tested according to daylighting. For that, three indexes have been used: daylight glare probability (DGP), daylight glare index (DGI) and daylight autonomy (DA). The results show that the proposed complex façade has a good light contribution with less absorption, while maintaining the outside view. In addition, the DGI is needed to test the out plane, because DGP is more suitable for lower luminance; therefore, each visual plane should be assessed regarding different visual comfort conditions, or parameters and methods. Accordingly, the mean DGI result of window combined by CFS is approximately lower in 5% than highly glazed façade. However, the DA of highly glazed is higher in 5%, but the DA of window combined by CFS is enough, above 80%. Definitely, the complex scene at restaurant with the proposed integrated façade system improves light performance and indoor atmosphere.
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Chen, Han, Chengwei Li, Jiri Zemlicka, Brian G. Gentry, Terry L. Bowlin, and Donald M. Coen. "Potency and Stereoselectivity of Cyclopropavir Triphosphate Action on Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 7 (May 2, 2016): 4176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00449-16.
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ABSTRACTCyclopropavir (CPV) is a promising antiviral drug against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). As with ganciclovir (GCV), the current standard for HCMV treatment, activation of CPV requires multiple steps of phosphorylation and is enantioselective. We hypothesized that the resulting CPV triphosphate (CPV-TP) would stereoselectively target HCMV DNA polymerase and terminate DNA synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized both enantiomers of CPV-TP [(+) and (−)] and investigated their action on HCMV polymerase. Both enantiomers inhibited HCMV polymerase competitively with dGTP, with (+)-CPV-TP exhibiting a more than 20-fold lower apparentKithan (−)-CPV-TP. Moreover, (+)-CPV-TP was a more potent inhibitor than GCV-TP. (+)-CPV-TP also exhibited substantially lower apparentKmand somewhat higher apparentkcatvalues than (−)-CPV-TP and GCV-TP for incorporation into DNA by the viral polymerase. As is the case for GCV-TP, both CPV-TP enantiomers behaved as nonobligate chain terminators, with the polymerase terminating DNA synthesis after incorporation of one additional nucleotide. These results elucidate how CPV-TP acts on HCMV DNA polymerase and help explain why CPV is more potent against HCMV replication than GCV.
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Yusof, F., I. L. Kane, and Z. Yusop. "Structural break or long memory: an empirical survey on daily rainfall data sets across Malaysia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 4 (April 8, 2013): 1311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1311-2013.
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Abstract. A short memory process that encounters occasional structural breaks in mean can show a slower rate of decay in the autocorrelation function and other properties of fractional integrated I (d) processes. In this paper we employed a procedure for estimating the fractional differencing parameter in semiparametric contexts proposed by Geweke and Porter-Hudak (1983) to analyse nine daily rainfall data sets across Malaysia. The results indicate that all the data sets exhibit long memory. Furthermore, an empirical fluctuation process using the ordinary least square (OLS)-based cumulative sum (CUSUM) test for the break date was applied. Break dates were detected in all data sets. The data sets were partitioned according to their respective break date, and a further test for long memory was applied for all subseries. Results show that all subseries follows the same pattern as the original series. The estimate of the fractional parameters d1 and d2 on the subseries obtained by splitting the original series at the break date confirms that there is a long memory in the data generating process (DGP). Therefore this evidence shows a true long memory not due to structural break.
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Yusof, F., and I. L. Kane. "Short memory or long memory: an empirical survey of daily rainfall data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2012): 12271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-12271-2012.
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Abstract. A short memory process that encounters occasional structural breaks in mean can show a slower rate of decay in the autocorrelation function and other properties of fractional integrated I (d) processes. In this paper we employed a procedure for estimating the fractional differencing parameter in semi parametric contexts proposed by Geweke and Porter-Hudak to analyze nine daily rainfall data sets across Malaysia. The results indicate that all the data sets exhibit long memory. Furthermore, an empirical fluctuation process using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) based cumulative sum (CUSUM) test with F-statistic for the break date were applied, break dates were detected in all data sets. The data sets were partitioned according to their respective break date and further test for long memory was applied for all subseries. Results show that all subseries follows the same pattern with the original series. The estimate of the fractional parameters d1 and d2 on the subseries obtained by splitting the original series at the break-date, confirms that there is a long memory in the DGP. Therefore this evidence shows a true long memory not due to structural break.
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Sonntag, U. "Round Robin Test on “Microscopic Images of Cast Iron Samples” in the DGM Working Group “Quantitative Structural Analysis” of the Expert Committee Materialography." Practical Metallography 52, no. 9 (September 7, 2015): 487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.110359.
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Schnarr, H., and U. Teuber. "“Can You Prepare This For Me Real Quick?” Results of the Joint Test “Electrolytic Preparation Options” of the DGM Work Group “Sample Preparation”." Practical Metallography 56, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 692–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.110610.
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Yamanouchi, Jun, Takaaki Hato, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Yoshihiro Yakushijin, and Masaki Yasukawa. "A Glycan Wedge Between βTD and βI Domains Activates Integrin αIIbβ3,." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 3259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3259.3259.
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Abstract Abstract 3259 Integrin αIIbβ3 undergoes allosteric conformational changes in its extracellular domains, resulting in integrin activation that allows high affinity binding with soluble ligands. The crystal structure of the integrin β subunit revealed an interaction of the β-tail domain (βTD) with the βI domain containing ligand-binding sites, suggesting that βTD may be involved in allosteric mechanism for integrin activation. However, previous studies have shown conflicting results on the functional role of βTD in integrin activation. In this study, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis in the βTD domain and tested ligand binding to αIIbβ3 mutants. We produced αIIbβ3 mutants in which the β3TD loop residues (DSSG) were substituted with the corresponding β1 (NGNN) or β2TD residues (DGMD). The αIIbβ3 mutants were expressed on the surface of CHO cells by cotransfection of mutant β3 and wild-type αIIb cDNAs, and were tested for binding of PAC1, a ligand-mimetic anti-αIIbβ3 antibody. The NGNN, but not DGMD mutant bound significant PAC1 binding without any stimulation, indicating a constitutively active state. To identify the residue(s) responsible for αIIbβ3 activation in the βTD, we produced αIIbβ3 mutants in which the individual residues in the β3TD loop were substituted with the corresponding β1TD residues. Among them, only G675N bound significant PAC1 binding without any stimulation. Since G675N mutation creates a sequence known to be a consensus sequence for glycosylation (Asn-X-Ser/Thr), it is possible that the insertion of glycans into the βTD loop induces conformational changes in αIIbβ3 which allow ligand binding. To test this hypothesis, we added substitution of S677 with Thr, Ala or Asp to the G675N mutation. The resultant G675N/S677T double mutant, in which the N-glycosylation site was preserved, was constitutively active. In contrast, G675N/S677A and G675N/S677D, in which the N-glycosylation site was disrupted, were in an inactive state. These results suggest that an artificial glycan wedge between βTD and βI domains activates αIIbβ3. However, our study does not provide evidence that the βTD domain constrains wild type αIIbβ3 inactive although the separation of βTD and βI domains may be able to activate integrins. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Said, Khaled, Matthew Colless, Christina Magoulas, John R. Lucey, and Michael J. Hudson. "Joint analysis of 6dFGS and SDSS peculiar velocities for the growth rate of cosmic structure and tests of gravity." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 1 (July 11, 2020): 1275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2032.
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ABSTRACT Measurement of peculiar velocities by combining redshifts and distance indicators is a powerful way to measure the growth rate of a cosmic structure and test theories of gravity at low redshift. Here we constrain the growth rate of the structure by comparing observed Fundamental Plane peculiar velocities for 15 894 galaxies from the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with predicted velocities and densities from the 2M++ redshift survey. We measure the velocity scale parameter $\beta \equiv {\Omega _{\rm m}^\gamma }/b = 0.372^{+0.034}_{-0.050}$ and $0.314^{+0.031}_{-0.047}$ for 6dFGS and SDSS, respectively, where Ωm is the mass density parameter, γ is the growth index, and b is the bias parameter normalized to the characteristic luminosity of galaxies, L*. Combining 6dFGS and SDSS, we obtain β = 0.341 ± 0.024, implying that the amplitude of the product of the growth rate and the mass fluctuation amplitude is fσ8 = 0.338 ± 0.027 at an effective redshift z = 0.035. Adopting Ωm = 0.315 ± 0.007, as favoured by Planck and using γ = 6/11 for General Relativity and γ = 11/16 for DGP gravity, we get $S_8(z=0) = \sigma _8 \sqrt{\Omega _{\rm m}/0.3} =0.637 \pm 0.054$ and 0.741 ± 0.062 for GR and DGP, respectively. This measurement agrees with other low-redshift probes of large-scale structure but deviates by more than 3σ from the latest Planck CMB measurement. Our results favour values of the growth index γ > 6/11 or a Hubble constant H0 > 70 km s−1 Mpc−1 or a fluctuation amplitude σ8 < 0.8 or some combination of these. Imminent redshift surveys such as Taipan, DESI, WALLABY, and SKA1-MID will help to resolve this tension by measuring the growth rate of cosmic structure to 1 per cent in the redshift range 0 < z < 1.
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Wienold, J., T. Iwata, M. Sarey Khanie, E. Erell, E. Kaftan, RG Rodriguez, JA Yamin Garreton, et al. "Cross-validation and robustness of daylight glare metrics." Lighting Research & Technology 51, no. 7 (March 14, 2019): 983–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519826003.
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This study evaluates the performance and robustness of 22 established and newly proposed glare prediction metrics. Experimental datasets of daylight-dominated workplaces in office-like test rooms were collected from studies by seven research groups in six different locations (Argentina, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Japan and the United States). The variability in experimental setups, locations and research teams allowed reliable evaluation of the performance and robustness of glare metrics for daylight-dominated workplaces. Independent statistical methods were applied to individual datasets and also to one combined dataset to evaluate the performance and robustness of the 22 glare metrics. As performance and robustness are not established in literature, we defined performance as: (1) the ability of the metric value to describe the glare scale (evaluated by Spearman rank correlation), and (2) the ability of the metric to distinguish between disturbing and non-disturbing situations (evaluated by diagnostic receiver operating characteristic curve analysis tests). Furthermore, we defined robustness as the ability of a metric to deliver meaningful results when applied to different datasets and to fail as few as possible statistical tests. Average Spearman rank correlation coefficients in the range of 0.55–0.60 as well as average prediction rates to distinguish between disturbing and non-disturbing glare of 70–75% for several of the metrics indicate their reliability. The results also show that metrics considering the saturation effect as a main input in their equation perform better and are more robust in daylight-dominated workplaces than purely contrast-based metrics or purely empirical metrics. In this study, the daylight glare probability (DGP) delivered the highest performance amongst the tested metrics and was also found to be the most robust. Future research should aim to optimise the terms of glare equations which combine contrast and saturation effects, such as DGP, PGSV or UGRexp, to achieve metrics that also perform reliably in dimmer lighting conditions than the ones explored in this study.
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Sagraloff, Nadine, Karl Jakob Winkler, Thomas Tobie, Karsten Stahl, Christopher Folland, and Tobias Asam. "Investigations on the Scuffing and Wear Characteristic Performance of an Oil Free Water-Based Lubricant for Gear Applications." Lubricants 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9030024.
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In most gear drive applications mineral or synthetic oils are used as lubricants, which are made of fossil raw materials and are non-biodegradable. In applications located in critical environmental areas such as boats or harbors, eco-friendly lubricants are needed. As a result, a gear transmission fluid based on water is currently being developed in a research project supported by the Bayrische Forschungsstiftung (Bavarian Research Foundation). Results of former research showed that in general it is possible to use water-based lubricants in gear drives under certain operating conditions. Since water has a low viscosity compared to conventional used lubricants, plant extracts are added to generate higher viscosities. In order to avoid tribological influenced damages such as sliding wear and scuffing on the surface of gear flanks, adequate additives are needed. Different combinations of plant extracts and additives were investigated using the scuffing test A/8.3/RT according to DIN ISO 14635-1. The results show a surprisingly high load carrying capacity regarding scuffing. Additionally, two wear tests based on DGMK 377-01 were conducted with one sample fluid. A high risk of sliding wear was detected. Additionally, MTM and SRV measurements were conducted with different polymers to optimize the lubricant. The results of the wear tests help to define operating conditions for a future lubricant based on water and plant extracts. This paper aims to share the results of the performed experimental investigations and discusses the challenges regarding the development of such new lubricants.
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Romero-Sánchez, C., W. Bautista-Molano, V. Parra, J. De Avila, J. C. Rueda, J. M. Bello-Gualtero, J. Londoño, and R. Valle-Oñate. "Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Elevated Levels of Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies Are Associated with Higher Disease Activity in Colombian Patients with Spondyloarthritis." International Journal of Rheumatology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4029584.
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Background. Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of articular inflammatory rheumatic diseases that their gastrointestinal manifestations are around 10% of their extra-articular symptoms, supporting that the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa could be associated with the clinical status. Objectives. To investigate the association between gastrointestinal symptoms and autoantibodies and disease activity between SpA patients, healthy subjects (HS), and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods. 102 SpA patients, 29 IBD patients, and 117 HS were included. Autoantibodies as ASCA, ANCA, anti-tTG, anti-DGP, ANA, and IgA were measured. The patients were assessed to evaluate clinical and gastrointestinal symptoms. An association analysis was performed using Chi square test and a logistic regression. Results. Significant differences were found for ASCA levels in SpA (28.2%) compared to IBD (14.2%) and HS (6.0%) (p=0.029), as well as for ANAS in SpA (49.5%) and IBD (37.9%) (p<0.001) and abdominal pain (p=0.012) between SpA (54.3%) and IBD (27.5%). Significant associations were found between BASDAI > 4 and gastrointestinal symptoms (p<0.05) and IgA (p=0.007). The association for abdominal bloating was maintained (OR: 3.93, CI-95%, 1.14–13.56; p=0.030). Conclusions. Gastrointestinal symptoms, ASCA, ANAS, and IgA levels were associated with high disease activity in SpA compared with IBD and HS.
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Stuyver, Lieven J., Stefania Lostia, Steven E. Patterson, Jeremy L. Clark, Kyoichi A. Watanabe, Michael J. Otto, and Krzysztof W. Pankiewicz. "Inhibitors of the IMPDH Enzyme as Potential Anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Agents." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 13, no. 6 (December 2002): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632020201300602.
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Ribavirin and mycophenolic acid (MPA) are known inhibitors of the IMPDH enzyme (E.C. 1.1.1.205). This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of inosine monophosphate to xanthine monophosphate, leading eventually to a decrease in the intracellular level of GTP and dGTP. The antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) of 15 analogues related to MPA was determined. MDBK cells were infected with the cytopathic strain of BVDV in presence or absence of test compounds. Viral RNA was extracted from the cell supernatant fluids and quantified by RT-PCR. Ribavirin showed a potent antiviral effect against BVDV with 90% effective concentration (EC90) of 4 μM. MPA along with several analogues, including both its corresponding aldehyde and alcohol, and modifications in the length of the side chain (C2- and C4-derivatives) were tested. We have identified previously unreported IMPDH inhibitors that have potent anti-BVDV activity, namely: C6-MPAlc (5), C6-MPA-Me (7), C4-MPAlc (8), C4-MPA (10) and C2-MAD (20). Most of these compounds inhibited the IMPDH enzyme in the nanomolar range (4–800 nM) in cell-free assays. Some compounds, such as mizoribine, which is a potent inhibitor of IMPDH in vitro (enzyme 50% inhibitory concentration IC50=4 nM), had no detectable anti-BVDV activity up to 100 μM. The compounds were essentially non-toxic to a confluent monolayer of MDBK cells. However, in exponentially growing cells, they showed minimal toxicity at 100 μM over a 24 h period, but the toxicity was more pronounced after 3 days [50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value ranged from 5 to 30 μM].
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Sonntag, U. "Round Robin Test on the “Analysis of Graphite Shapes by Means of Microscopic Images of Cast Iron Samples” in the DGM Working Group “Quantitative Structural Analysis” of the Expert Committee Materialography." Practical Metallography 54, no. 6 (June 19, 2017): 388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.110454.
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Benassai, G., A. Montuori, M. Migliaccio, and F. Nunziata. "X-band COSMO-SkyMed<sup>©</sup> SAR data for sea wave simulations and coastal vulnerability assessment." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 5 (October 17, 2012): 3281–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-3281-2012.
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Abstract. In this paper, X-band COSMO-SkyMed© Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are first experimented as wind field forcing of coastal wind-wave oceanographic modeling for both sea-wave numerical simulation and coastal vulnerability assessment purposes. The SAR data set consists of 60 X-band VV-polarized Level 1B Detected Ground Multi-look (DGM) ScanSAR Huge Region COSMO-SkyMed© SAR measurements, collected in the test area of the Southern Tyrrhenian Coastal basin during the winter season of 2010. On one hand, the wind-wave oceanographic modeling is based on the third-generation Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model, which is used for sea wave state estimation in coastal and island regions. On the other hand, the coastal vulnerability assessment model is based on the use of a key parameter known as impact index, which consistently provides the coastal risk evaluation due to the inundation of the inshore land. Experiments consist of numerical wave simulations of the SWAN model accomplished with respect to some relevant wave storms recorded in the test area during the winter season of 2010. The wind forcing is provided by X-band COSMO-SkyMed© SAR-based wind field estimations which are properly blended with both buoys wave data and ECMWF model winds to retrieve meaningful wave parameters (e.g. significant wave height, wave directions and periods) as physical descriptors of tidal events. The output of numerical wave simulations are used to perform the coastal vulnerability assessment in the considered test area along the coastal plain of river Sele. The assessment is accomplished in terms of wave run-up height, storm beach retreat and both short- and long-term erosion shoreline evolution. Experimental results accomplished with X-band COSMO-SkyMed© SAR-based wind field forcing are successfully compared with the ones gathered by using both buoys wave field data and ECMWF model winds, only. They demonstrate that both wind-wave interaction modeling and coastal vulnerability assessment can take full benefits of blended wind field products composed by X-band COSMO-SkyMed© SAR wind field estimations and model data.
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Yang, Yuanyuan, Payal Deshpande, Karthik Krishna, Vinodh Ranganathan, Vasanth Jayaraman, Tianhao Wang, Kang Bei, John J. Rajasekaran, and Hari Krishnamurthy. "Overlap of Characteristic Serological Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Wheat-Related Disorders." Disease Markers 2019 (January 10, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4089178.
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Background and Aims. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and celiac disease (CD) are members of the autoimmune disease family while they have been shown to share multiple aspects in epidemiology and clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of wheat protein antibodies in RA seropositive subjects and the presence of RA diagnostic markers in subjects with seropositive wheat-related disorders including CD. Methods. Serum samples were collected from 844 subjects with joint pain and/or gastrointestinal symptoms and tested by a CD panel (anti-tTG and anti-DGP), a Wheat Zoomer (WZ) antibody panel (IgG/IgA to 14 wheat proteins), and a RA panel (anti-CCP and anti-RF). Retrospective analysis was completed using de-identified clinical data and test results. Results. The prevalence of RA markers was first investigated in CD- or WZ-positive subjects and negative controls. 49 subjects were seropositive in the CD panel with 10 (20%) RA positivity. 605 subjects were seropositive in the WZ panel with 106 (18%) RA positivity. 222 subjects were seronegative in either panels with 12 (6%) RA positivity. Next, the frequency of the CD markers and the clinically relevant wheat protein antibodies were investigated in the RA-positive subjects and negative controls. 128 subjects in this cohort were seropositive in the RA panel with 10 (8%) CD positivity and 106 (83%) WZ positivity, compared to 716 RA seronegative controls with 39 (5%) CD positivity and 499 (70%) WZ positivity. Conclusions. Our data presents an apparent trend of overlapped serological antibody biomarker positivity in RA and wheat-related disorders.
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Akin, Michelle, Laura Fay, and Xianming Shi. "Friction and Snow–Pavement Bond after Salting and Plowing Permeable Friction Surfaces." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (September 13, 2020): 794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120949250.
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Open graded, ultrathin, and permeable friction course surfaces (collectively referred to as PFSs) have been successfully used by many transportation agencies in several countries as a wearing surface to help reduce water splash and spray, reduce potential for hydroplaning, increase friction, and reduce noise. Despite these advantages, when used in colder climates PFSs tend to freeze more rapidly, transport deicing/anti-icing chemicals from the road surface, clog from sands and other debris, and retain snow and ice for a longer period of time. Most of the reported difficulties with PFSs are at near-freezing temperatures (28°F–35°F). Laboratory tests were conducted using samples of traditional dense graded pavement (DGP), cores from new and old in-service open graded friction course pavements, and ultrathin friction course samples made from hot mix asphalt collected from paving operations. The tests were conducted in a walk-in environmental chamber at 28°F. Snow–pavement bond strength and static friction were measured to determine the effectiveness of anti-icing with salt brine and deicing with dry and pre-wet solid salt. The test results revealed that compacted snow bonds more strongly to PFSs, yet friction of PFSs was significantly greater than DGPs after snow removal, even without the use of salt. The PFSs appeared more white and snowy, and this appearance may be contributing to unnecessarily high application rates of salt by practitioners. Field testing is recommended to better understand the frictional behavior of PFSs during a variety of winter storm conditions and deicer application strategies.
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Hashim, Asmawi, Norimah Rambeli, Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Normala Zulkifli, Emilda Hashim, and Noor Al-Huda Abdul Karim. "Does Export Led Growth Hypothesis Hold Under World Crisis Recovery Regime in Malaysia?" Research in World Economy 10, no. 5 (December 24, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n5p9.
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This paper examines empirically the nature of the impact of the exchange rate on import, export and economic growth in Malaysia from 2009 until 2018. The objective of this study is to investigate the long-term and short-term relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables and also to identify the effects of exchange rates on dependent variables including imports, exports and the Gross Domestic Product (DGP) that represent the productivity of the country. This study further focuses on investigating the impact or the role of export in drive the county economic growth. In achieving these objectives, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) testing procedure is used to test the presence of unit root. In order to investigate the incidence of long run relationship between the data series, the Johansen Juselius Cointegration Vector is utilized. The Granger Causality in Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) framework is employed to differentiate between short run and long run causal effects in examining the led growth determinants. The result shows that there is causality between exchange rate, import, export and GDP. Moreover, this study shows that exchange rates responded positively to import and export and negatively to GDP. The result further support for export led growth hypothesis in this study. Thus, confirm for the role of export in motivating the economic growth productivity in after World Crisis regime in year 2008. However, Malaysia must not only relay on international trade to generate income for the country. This is because Malaysia is fortunate to have survived the negative effects of the global crisis; the international trade is exposed to exchange rate instability. If Malaysia wants to succeed in international trade, it may be able to focus on food and services trade. As alternative Malaysia may focuses on agriculture sector by improving the research and development and be a champion on food supply for the world.
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Borges, Alessandra Buhler, Amjad Abu Hasna, Amanda Guedes Nogueira Matuda, Stephanie Ribeiro Lopes, Ana Paula Valente Pinho Mafetano, Aline Arantes, Angélica Ferreira Duarte, Daphne Camara Barcellos, Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, and Cesar Rogério Pucci. "Adhesive systems effect over bond strength of resin-infiltrated and de/remineralized enamel." F1000Research 8 (October 11, 2019): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20523.1.
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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different bonding agents on bond-strength to demineralized enamel after remineralizing treatments and resin infiltration. Methods: Buccal enamel of 120 bovine incisors was polished and then were divided into five experimental groups: SE (sound enamel); DE (demineralized enamel); AS (demineralized enamel immersed in artificial saliva for eight weeks); NaF (demineralized enamel treated with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution (one minute) for eight weeks); Ic (demineralized enamel infiltrated with a low-viscosity resin (Icon-DGM). These groups were subdivided according to adhesive system used: self-etching adhesive Adper Easy One (3M/ESPE) and etch-and-rinse adhesive Single Bond (3M/ESPE). The composite resin blocks were fabricated using a Teflon matrix. A thermomechanical cycling machine was used to carry out the artificial aging of the specimens and thus were sectioned into sticks. The microtensile tests were performed using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Data (in MPa) were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (5%). Results: Significant differences were found for both factors tested and interactions (p<0.05). Tukey’s test results of µTBS (mean ± SD) were: etch-and-rinse SE (28.79±3.93); DE (30.41±7.22); AS (29.03±3.33); NaF (29.81±4.06)a; Ic (29.47±5.5); and self-etching SE (30.37±6.96); DE (14.62±4.47); AS (9.79±2.32); NaF (9.36±2.31); Ic (30.78±8.68). Conclusions: Resin infiltration did not affect the bond strength of demineralized enamel for both adhesive systems tested. For etch-and-rinse adhesive, no differences were observed for the tested groups. For self-etching adhesive, only the resin-infiltrated group showed similar bond strength to sound enamel. Both etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesive systems can be used in resin-infiltrated enamel, if a composite restoration needs to be further performed. In enamel that has undergone the de/remineralization process, the use of a total-etch adhesive might be preferable for the restorative procedure.
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Xie, Naiming, Ruizhi Wang, and Nanlei Chen. "Measurement of shock effect following change of one-child policy based on grey forecasting approach." Kybernetes 47, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 559–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-05-2017-0159.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze general development trend of China’s population and to forecast China’s total population under the change of China’s family planning policy so as to measure shock disturbance effects on China’s population development. Design/methodology/approach China has been the most populous country for hundreds of years. And this state will be sustained in the forthcoming decade. Obviously, China is confronted with greater pressure on controlling total scale of population than any other country. Meanwhile, controlling population will be beneficial for not only China but also the whole world. This paper first analyzes general development trend of China’s population total amount, sex ratio and aging ratio. The mechanism for measurement of the impact effect of a policy shock disturbance is proposed. Linear regression model, exponential curve model and grey Verhulst model are adopted to test accuracy of simulation of China’s total population. Then considering the policy shock disturbance on population, discrete grey model, DGM (1, 1), and grey Verhulst model were adopted to measure how China’s one-child policy affected its total population between 1978 and 2015. And similarly, the grey Verhulst model and scenario analysis of economic developing level were further used to forecast the effect of adjustment from China’s one-child policy to two-child policy. Findings Results show that China has made an outstanding contribution toward controlling population; it was estimated that China prevented nearly 470 million births since the late 1970s to 2015. However, according to the forecast, with the adjustment of the one-child policy, the birth rate will be a little higher, China’s total population was estimated to reach 1,485.59 million in 2025. Although the scale of population will keep increasing, but it is tolerable for China and sex ratio and trend of aging will be relieved obviously. Practical implications The approach constructed in the paper can be used to measure the effect of population change under the policy shock disturbance. It can be used for other policy effect measurement problems under shock events’ disturbance. Originality/value The paper succeeded in studying the mechanism for the measurement of the post-impact effect of a policy and the effect of changes in China’s population following the revision of the one-child policy. The mechanism is useful for solving system forecasting problems and can contribute toward improving the grey decision-making models.
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Ferreira, Luciana Rodrigues, and Josenilson Guilherme de Araújo. "Papel do CNPq no fomento à pesquisa em educação: análise sobre o perfil do bolsista produtividade em pesquisa (Role of the CNPq in the promotion of research in education: analysis of the profile of the bulletin productivity in research)." Revista Eletrônica de Educação 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271993553.
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The objective of this study is to identify the teachers’ profile funded by the Productivity in Research scholarship (PQ), in order to analyze the promotion of research within the scope of CNPq for Education. Regarding the theoretical reference, Pierre Bourdieu, on social fields, and in particular on the scientific field, associated with the notion of habitus (trajectory, practical sense and strategy), considers that academic practices, university training and scientific research, on which they constitute a specific ethos through which certain values are required and developed. In methodological field, it is based on a qualitative and exploratory approach, based on a bibliographical study, database composition on funding and scholarship, obtained in the CNPq through the SIGEF (Management of Development System) and Directory of Research Groups ( DGP), tabulated using SPSS software and documentary analysis, focusing on official documents of the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC) and CNPq, regarding the PQ scholarship and APQ grants. Among the results, it is noted that the investment in Brazilian science and in scientific production area was based on international strategic and political interest. In the promotion of education, the data allowed to establish the trajectory of formation, institutional linkage and research, and demonstrate a certain conservatism that can be understood as difficulty or impossibility to develop new processes and practices more inclusive from the point of view of the equanimous development between the researchers in Brazil and your ‘homo academicus’.ResumoO trabalho objetiva identificar o perfil dos professores financiados com bolsa Produtividade em Pesquisa (PQ), com intuito de analisar o fomento à pesquisa no âmbito do CNPq para a área de Educação. No que concerne ao referencial teórico, perpassa-se por Pierre Bourdieu, sobre campos sociais, e em particular sobre o campo científico, associado à noção de habitus, considerando que as práticas acadêmicas, a formação universitária e a pesquisa científica, sobre as quais constituem-se em um ethos específico por meio do qual determinados valores são requeridos e desenvolvidos. No campo metodológico, apoia-se em abordagem qualitativa, exploratória, com base em estudo bibliográfico, composição de banco de dados sobre financiamento e bolsistas, obtidos no CNPq por meio do Sistema de Gerenciamento do Fomento (SIGEF) e Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa (DGP), tabulados por meio do software SPSS; e análise documental, com foco em documentos oficiais do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC) e CNPq, no que tange aos editais de bolsa PQ e de auxílio à pesquisa (APQ). Entre os resultados, nota-se que o investimento na ciência brasileira partiu do interesse estratégico e político internacional. No fomento à Educação os dados permitiram estabelecer a trajetória de formação, de vinculação institucional e de pesquisa, e demonstram certo conservadorismo que pode ser entendido como dificuldade ou impossibilidade de desenvolver novos processos e práticas mais inclusivas do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento equânime entre os pesquisadores do Brasil e seu homo academicus.Keywords: Promotion of research, PQ scholarship, Educational policies, Researcher profile.Palavras-chave: Fomento à pesquisa, Bolsa PQ, Política educacional, Perfil do pesquisador.ReferencesALBAGULI, S. Ciência e Estado no Brasil Moderno: um Estudo sobre o CNPq. 1988. 1 v. (Tese (de Doutorado). Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pos-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia - COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, 1998.ANDRÉ, Marli. Pesquisa em educação: buscando rigor e qualidade. Cadernos de Pesquisa, São Paulo, n. 113, jul. 2001.BIANCHETTI, Lucídio e MEKSENAS, Paulo (Orgs.). A Trama do Conhecimento: Teoria, método e escrita em ciência e pesquisa. Campinas-SP: Papirus, 2008.BOURDIEU, P. O Campo Científico. In: ORTIZ, R. (Org.). Pierre Bourdieu. São Paulo: Editora Ática, 1983. (Coleção Grandes Cientistas Sociais).BOURDIEU, Pierre. Economia das Trocas Simbólicas. São Paulo-SP: Perspectiva, 1992.BOURDIEU, Pierre. Os usos sociais da ciência. Por uma sociologia clínica do campo científico. Tradução Denice B. Catani. São Paulo: UNESP, 2004.BOURDIEU, Pierre. Razões Práticas: Sobre a teoria da ação. Campinas-SP: Papirus Editora, 1997.BOZEMAN, Barry; SAREWITZ, Daniel. Public value mapping and science policy evaluation. Minerva, v. 49, n. 1, p. 1-23, 2011.BRASIL, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Estratégia Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação 2012 – 2015. Brasília: MCTI, 2012. Disponível em: < http://www.mct.gov.br/upd_blob/0218/218981.pdf>. Acesso em: 20 dez, 2018.BRASIL. Casa Civil. Lei nº 1.310, de 15 de janeiro de 1951. Cria o Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNP), e dá outras providências. Brasília, DF: Diário Oficial da União. 1951. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1950-1969/L1310.htm. Acesso em: 02 dez, 2018.BRASIL. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Livro Azul da 4ª Conferência Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia e Inovação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Brasília: MCTI; Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos, 2010.COLE, S. et al. Peer review in the National Science Foundation: phase one of a study : prepared for the Committee on Science and Public Policy of the National Academy of Sciences. The Academy, 1978. Disponível em: < http://books.google.com/books?id=HpkrAAAAYAAJ > Acesso em: 10 jan, 2019.COLE, S.; COLE, J. R.; SIMON, G. A. Chance and consensus in peer review. Science, v. 214, n. 4523, p. 881-6, Nov 20 1981. ISSN 0036-8075 (Print). 0036-8075 (Linking). Disponível em: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302566 >. Acesso em: 10 jan, 2019.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO. Painel de investimentos CNPq. Brasília: CNPq, 2014c. Disponível em: <http://cnpq.br/painel-de-investimentos>. Acesso em: 2 dez. 2018.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO. Séries históricas – Dados Estatísticos. Brasília: CNPq, 2014cf. Disponível em: <http://www.cnpq.br/web/guest/series-historicas>. Acesso em: 5 out. 2017.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO. Sumula Estatística: diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil. Brasília: CNPq, 2014e. Disponível em: <http://dgp.cnpq.br/censos/sumula_estatistica/2010/grupos/index_grupo.htm>. Acesso em: 5 jan. 2013.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO. Centro de Memória - CNPq. Brasília: CNPq, 2014a. Disponível em: <http://centrodememoria.cnpq.br/Missao2.html>. Acesso em: 02 dez. 2018.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO. Cinquentenário do CNPQ: noticias sobre a pesquisa no Brasil. 1 ed.. Brasília, DF: CNPq, 2001.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO. Plataforma Lattes. História do surgimento da Plataforma Lattes. Brasília: CNPq, 2014bd. Disponível em: <http://www.cnpq.br/web/portal-lattes/historico>. Acesso em: 10 jan, 2019Acesso em: 2 dez. 2014.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO. Resolução Normativa, nº 16, 2006. Bolsas individuais no país - Produtividade em Pesquisa - PQ. Nova redação dada pela RN-009/2009. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, 30 abr. 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.cnpq.br/web/guest/view/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_0oED/10157/100343#16061>. Acesso em: 10 jan, 2019Acesso em: 20 fev. 2014.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO. Séries históricas – Dados Estatísticos. Brasília: CNPq, 2014c. Disponível em: <http://www.cnpq.br/web/guest/series-historicas>. 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Stieler-Hunt, Colleen, and Christian M. Jones. "Educators who believe: understanding the enthusiasm of teachers who use digital games in the classroom." Research in Learning Technology 23 (September 4, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26155.
Full textAbstract:
This study used qualitative methods to explore why some educators embrace the use of digital game-play (DGP) in the classroom. The results indicated that these teachers had a very strong belief that DGP could be beneficial for learning which stemmed from experiencing their own form of subjective success with using DGP in the classroom, availing themselves of information and advocacy about using DGP in the classroom and personal experiences with DGP either through their own DGP or through watching their own children play games. They also shared positive attitudes towards information and communication technologies generally and had initially been invited to use DGP in the classroom by someone in authority. Their use of DGP was also something that they felt made them different to other teachers. Applying these findings to Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory predicted that the diffusion rate of using DGP in the classroom will continue to be slow. Finally, this study indicates that teachers need to experience their own form of subjective ‘success’ in order to find DGP valuable and this subjective ‘success’ often goes beyond test score performance.Keywords: game-based learning; video games; elementary education; secondary education; educational beliefs; pedagogical issues(Published: 4 September 2015)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 26155 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26155
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Cook, Scott J., and Clayton Webb. "Lagged Outcomes, Lagged Predictors, and Lagged Errors: A Clarification on Common Factors." Political Analysis, March 9, 2021, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2020.53.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Debate on the use of lagged dependent variables has a long history in political science. The latest contribution to this discussion is Wilkins (2018, Political Science Research and Methods, 6, 393–411), which advocates the use of an ADL(2,1) model when there is serial dependence in the outcome and disturbance. While this specification does offer some insurance against serially correlated disturbances, this is never the best (linear unbiased estimator) approach and should not be pursued as a general strategy. First, this strategy is only appropriate when the data-generating process (DGP) actually implies a more parsimonious model. Second, when this is not the DGP—e.g., lags of the predictors have independent effects—this strategy mischaracterizes the dynamic process. We clarify this issue and detail a Wald test that can be used to evaluate the appropriateness of the Wilkins approach. In general, we argue that researchers need to always: (i) ensure models are dynamically complete and (ii) test whether more restrictive models are appropriate.