Relevant bibliographies by topics / Test of homogeneity

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Test of homogeneity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Test of homogeneity"

1

Li, Billy Y. G., and George E. Booney. "Test of Homogeneity." Biometrics 52, no. 4 (1996): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532867.

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Waldman, David A., and Bruce J. Avolio. "Homogeneity of test validity." Journal of Applied Psychology 74, no. 2 (1989): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.2.371.

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Brkich, D. M. "B-test of homogeneity." Microelectronics Reliability 27, no. 4 (1987): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(87)90008-4.

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Ushakov, V. G., and N. G. Ushakov. "On one test of homogeneity." Doklady Mathematics 93, no. 3 (2016): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106456241603025x.

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Flores, Ramón, Rosa Lillo, and Juan Romo. "Homogeneity test for functional data." Journal of Applied Statistics 45, no. 5 (2017): 868–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2017.1319470.

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Fujii, Yoshinori. "ON HOMOGENEITY TEST USING ESTIMATING FUNCTION." Bulletin of informatics and cybernetics 26, no. 1/2 (1994): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/13436.

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Fearn, Tom, and Michael Thompson. "A new test for ‘sufficient homogeneity’." Analyst 126, no. 8 (2001): 1414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b103812p.

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Thompson, Michael. "Is your ‘homogeneity test’ really useful?" Analytical Methods 7, no. 4 (2015): 1627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02762k.

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Hayakawa, Takesi. "Test of homogeneity of multiple parameters." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 38, no. 3 (1994): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3758(94)90015-9.

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Ma, Changxing, Guogen Shan, and Song Liu. "Homogeneity Test for Correlated Binary Data." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (2015): e0124337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124337.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Test of homogeneity"

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Wu, Baohua. "Data Driven Approaches to Testing Homogeneity of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/92.

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The test of homogeneity for intraclass correlation coefficients has been one of the active topics in statistical research. Several chi-square tests have been proposed to test the homogeneity of intraclass correlations in the past few decades. The big concern for them is that these methods are seriously biased when sample sizes are not large. In this thesis, data driven approaches are proposed to testing the homogeneity of intraclass correlation coefficients of several populations. Through simulation study, data driven methods have been proved to be less biased and accurate than some commonly used chi-square tests.
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Mu, Zhiqiang. "Comparing the Statistical Tests for Homogeneity of Variances." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2212.

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Testing the homogeneity of variances is an important problem in many applications since statistical methods of frequent use, such as ANOVA, assume equal variances for two or more groups of data. However, testing the equality of variances is a difficult problem due to the fact that many of the tests are not robust against non-normality. It is known that the kurtosis of the distribution of the source data can affect the performance of the tests for variance. We review the classical tests and their latest, more robust modifications, some other tests that have recently appeared in the literature, and use bootstrap and permutation techniques to test for equal variances. We compare the performance of these tests under different types of distributions, sample sizes and true ratios of variances of the populations. Monte-Carlo methods are used in this study to calculate empirical powers and type I errors under different settings.
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Nian, Gaowei. "A score test of homogeneity in generalized additive models for zero-inflated count data." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18230.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Statistics<br>Wei-Wen Hsu<br>Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) models are often used to analyze the count data with excess zeros. In the ZIP model, the Poisson mean and the mixing weight are often assumed to depend on covariates through regression technique. In other words, the effect of covariates on Poisson mean or the mixing weight is specified using a proper link function coupled with a linear predictor which is simply a linear combination of unknown regression coefficients and covariates. However, in practice, this predictor may not be linear in regression parameters but curvilinear or nonlinear. Under such situation, a more general and flexible approach should be considered. One popular method in the literature is Zero-Inflated Generalized Additive Models (ZIGAM) which extends the zero-inflated models to incorporate the use of Generalized Additive Models (GAM). These models can accommodate the nonlinear predictor in the link function. For ZIGAM, it is also of interest to conduct inferences for the mixing weight, particularly evaluating whether the mixing weight equals to zero. Many methodologies have been proposed to examine this question, but all of them are developed under classical zero-inflated models rather than ZIGAM. In this report, we propose a generalized score test to evaluate whether the mixing weight is equal to zero under the framework of ZIGAM with Poisson model. Technically, the proposed score test is developed based on a novel transformation for the mixing weight coupled with proportional constraints on ZIGAM, where it assumes that the smooth components of covariates in both the Poisson mean and the mixing weight have proportional relationships. An intensive simulation study indicates that the proposed score test outperforms the other existing tests when the mixing weight and the Poisson mean truly involve a nonlinear predictor. The recreational fisheries data from the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) survey conducted by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are used to illustrate the proposed methodology.
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Stewart, Michael Ian. "Asymptotic methods for tests of homogeneity for finite mixture models." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/855.

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We present limit theory for tests of homogeneity for finite mixture models. More specifically, we derive the asymptotic distribution of certain random quantities used for testing that a mixture of two distributions is in fact just a single distribution. Our methods apply to cases where the mixture component distributions come from one of a wide class of one-parameter exponential families, both continous and discrete. We consider two random quantities, one related to testing simple hypotheses, the other composite hypotheses. For simple hypotheses we consider the maximum of the standardised score process, which is itself a test statistic. For composite hypotheses we consider the maximum of the efficient score process, which is itself not a statistic (it depends on the unknown true distribution) but is asymptotically equivalent to certain common test statistics in a certain sense. We show that we can approximate both quantities with the maximum of a certain Gaussian process depending on the sample size and the true distribution of the observations, which when suitably normalised has a limiting distribution of the Gumbel extreme value type. Although the limit theory is not practically useful for computing approximate p-values, we use Monte-Carlo simulations to show that another method suggested by the theory, involving using a Studentised version of the maximum-score statistic and simulating a Gaussian process to compute approximate p-values, is remarkably accurate and uses a fraction of the computing resources that a straight Monte-Carlo approximation would.
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Stewart, Michael Ian. "Asymptotic methods for tests of homogeneity for finite mixture models." University of Sydney. Mathematics and Statistics, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/855.

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We present limit theory for tests of homogeneity for finite mixture models. More specifically, we derive the asymptotic distribution of certain random quantities used for testing that a mixture of two distributions is in fact just a single distribution. Our methods apply to cases where the mixture component distributions come from one of a wide class of one-parameter exponential families, both continous and discrete. We consider two random quantities, one related to testing simple hypotheses, the other composite hypotheses. For simple hypotheses we consider the maximum of the standardised score process, which is itself a test statistic. For composite hypotheses we consider the maximum of the efficient score process, which is itself not a statistic (it depends on the unknown true distribution) but is asymptotically equivalent to certain common test statistics in a certain sense. We show that we can approximate both quantities with the maximum of a certain Gaussian process depending on the sample size and the true distribution of the observations, which when suitably normalised has a limiting distribution of the Gumbel extreme value type. Although the limit theory is not practically useful for computing approximate p-values, we use Monte-Carlo simulations to show that another method suggested by the theory, involving using a Studentised version of the maximum-score statistic and simulating a Gaussian process to compute approximate p-values, is remarkably accurate and uses a fraction of the computing resources that a straight Monte-Carlo approximation would.
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Höge, Elisabet. "Test and Analysis of Homogeneity Regarding Failure Intensity of Components in Nuclear Power Plants." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162564.

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In the Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) all potential failure events of a system, for example a nuclear power plant, are identified in order to evaluate the total probability for a severe accident. The input data to the PSA, the reliability parameters, are derived by a two-stage Bayesian method which comprises an assumption of homogeneity among the components of a population. If the components are assumed to be inhomogeneous each individual component is assessed its own failure rate. Contrary, if the components are assumed to be homogeneous the data is pooled before a common reliability parameter is derived. However, the motives for making these assumptions are sparsely documented and the purpose of this study is to design a statistical method for testing the homogeneity of sparse data. The chosen test method, a chi-square goodness-of-fit test with consideration taken to operation (or standby) time, is implemented and applied on failure event data for the Nordic utilities. From the tests it can be concluded that the failure intensity for continuously operating components for most populations can be considered homogeneous with regard to failure rate, since in 6 % of the test the null hypothesis cannot be rejected at 0.05 significance level. Test results indicate that populations of standby components are to a larger extent inhomogeneous, which might be explained by differences in the data set due to unequal number of demands. Also larger populations, i.e. components of all plants, must be considered as more inhomogeneous. If the populations are to be regrouped in order to increase the homogeneity a statistical test could be a controlling tool. Besides statistical tests, there is a need to study the consequences in the PSA before a conclusion can be made on what approach is to be preferred.
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Osaka, Haruki. "Asymptotics of Mixture Model Selection." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27230.

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In this thesis, we consider the likelihood ratio test (LRT) when testing for homogeneity in a three component normal mixture model. It is well-known that the LRT in this setting exhibits non-standard asymptotic behaviour, due to non-identifiability of the model parameters and possible degeneracy of Fisher Information matrix. In fact, Liu and Shao (2004) showed that for the test of homogeneity in a two component normal mixture model with a single fixed component, the limiting distribution is an extreme value Gumbel distribution under the null hypothesis, rather than the usual chi-squared distribution in regular parametric models for which the classical Wilks' theorem applies. We wish to generalise this result to a three component normal mixture to show that similar non-standard asymptotics also occurs for this model. Our approach follows closely to that of Bickel and Chernoff (1993), where the relevant asymptotics of the LRT statistic were studied indirectly by first considering a certain Gaussian process associated with the testing problem. The equivalence between the process studied by Bickel and Chernoff (1993) and the LRT was later proved by Liu and Shao (2004). Consequently, they verified that the LRT statistic for this problem diverges to infinity at the rate of loglog n; a statement that was first conjectured in Hartigan (1985). In a similar spirit, we consider the limiting distribution of the supremum of a certain quadratic form. More precisely, the quadratic form we consider is the score statistic for the test for homogeneity in the sub-model where the mean parameters are assumed fixed. The supremum of this quadratic form is shown to have a limiting distribution of extreme value type, again with a divergence rate of loglog n. Finally, we show that the LRT statistic for the three component normal mixture model can be uniformly approximated by this quadratic form, thereby proving that that the two statistics share the same limiting distribution.
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Bagdonavičius, Vilijandas B., Ruta Levuliene, Mikhail S. Nikulin, and Olga Zdorova-Cheminade. "Tests for homogeneity of survival distributions against non-location alternatives and analysis of the gastric cancer data." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5152/.

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The two and k-sample tests of equality of the survival distributions against the alternatives including cross-effects of survival functions, proportional and monotone hazard ratios, are given for the right censored data. The asymptotic power against approaching alternatives is investigated. The tests are applied to the well known chemio and radio therapy data of the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. The P-values for both proposed tests are much smaller then in the case of other known tests. Differently from the test of Stablein and Koutrouvelis the new tests can be applied not only for singly but also to randomly censored data.
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Gao, Siyu. "The impact of misspecification of nuisance parameters on test for homogeneity in zero-inflated Poisson model: a simulation study." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17804.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Statistics<br>Wei-Wen Hsu<br>The zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model consists of a Poisson model and a degenerate distribution at zero. Under this model, zero counts are generated from two sources, representing a heterogeneity in the population. In practice, it is often interested to evaluate this heterogeneity is consistent with the observed data or not. Most of the existing methodologies to examine this heterogeneity are often assuming that the Poisson mean is a function of nuisance parameters which are simply the coefficients associated with covariates. However, these nuisance parameters can be misspecified when performing these methodologies. As a result, the validity and the power of the test may be affected. Such impact of misspecification has not been discussed in the literature. This report primarily focuses on investigating the impact of misspecification on the performance of score test for homogeneity in ZIP models. Through an intensive simulation study, we find that: 1) under misspecification, the limiting distribution of the score test statistic under the null no longer follows a chi-squared distribution. A parametric bootstrap methodology is suggested to use to find the true null limiting distribution of the score test statistic; 2) the power of the test decreases as the number of covariates in the Poisson mean increases. The test with a constant Poisson mean has the highest power, even compared to the test with a well-specified mean. At last, simulation results are applied to the Wuhan Inpatient Care Insurance data which contain excess zeros.
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Carvalho, Helton Graziadei de. "Testes bayesianos para homogeneidade marginal em tabelas de contingência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-27082015-181850/.

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O problema de testar hipóteses sobre proporções marginais de uma tabela de contingência assume papel fundamental, por exemplo, na investigação da mudança de opinião e comportamento. Apesar disso, a maioria dos textos na literatura abordam procedimentos para populações independentes, como o teste de homogeneidade de proporções. Existem alguns trabalhos que exploram testes de hipóteses em caso de respostas dependentes como, por exemplo, o teste de McNemar para tabelas 2 x 2. A extensão desse teste para tabelas k x k, denominado teste de homogeneidade marginal, usualmente requer, sob a abordagem clássica, a utilização de aproximações assintóticas. Contudo, quando o tamanho amostral é pequeno ou os dados esparsos, tais métodos podem eventualmente produzir resultados imprecisos. Neste trabalho, revisamos medidas de evidência clássicas e bayesianas comumente empregadas para comparar duas proporções marginais. Além disso, desenvolvemos o Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) para testar a homogeneidade marginal em tabelas de contingência bidimensionais e multidimensionais. O FBST é baseado em uma medida de evidência, denominada e-valor, que não depende de resultados assintóticos, não viola o princípio da verossimilhança e respeita a várias propriedades lógicas esperadas para testes de hipóteses. Consequentemente, a abordagem ao problema de teste de homogeneidade marginal pelo FBST soluciona diversas limitações geralmente enfrentadas por outros procedimentos.<br>Tests of hypotheses for marginal proportions in contingency tables play a fundamental role, for instance, in the investigation of behaviour (or opinion) change. However, most texts in the literature are concerned with tests that assume independent populations (e.g: homogeneity tests). There are some works that explore hypotheses tests for dependent proportions such as the McNemar Test for 2 x 2 contingency tables. The generalization of McNemar test for k x k contingency tables, called marginal homogeneity test, usually requires asymptotic approximations. Nevertheless, for small sample sizes or sparse tables, such methods may occasionally produce imprecise results. In this work, we review some classical and Bayesian measures of evidence commonly applied to compare two marginal proportions. We propose the Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) to investigate marginal homogeneity in two-way and multidimensional contingency tables. The FBST is based on a measure of evidence, called e-value, which does not depend on asymptotic results, does not violate the likelihood principle and satisfies logical properties that are expected from hypothesis testing. Consequently, the FBST approach to test marginal homogeneity overcomes several limitations usually met by other procedures.
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Books on the topic "Test of homogeneity"

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Caramani, Danièle. The measurement of territorial homogeneity: A test on comparative electoral data since 1832. European University Institute, 2002.

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Böhning, Dankmar. On minimizing chi-square distances under the hypothesis of homogeneity of independence for a two-way contingency table. Fachbereich Psychologie, Universität Osnabrück, 1985.

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Stewart, Connie, and Rose McCloskey. Learn to Use the Chi-Square Homogeneity Test in Minitab With Data From a 2015 Health Care Observational Study. SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526488237.

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Scott Jones, Julie. Learn to Use Bartlett’s Test of Homogeneity of Variances in SPSS With Data From the General Social Survey (2016–17). SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526474698.

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Scott Jones, Julie. Learn to Use Bartlett’s Test of Homogeneity of Variances in R With Data From the General Social Survey (2016–17). SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526496652.

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Scott Jones, Julie. Learn to Use Bartlett’s Test of Homogeneity of Variances in Stata With Data From the General Social Survey (2016–17). SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526498649.

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Madden, David. Omitted variables, dynamic specification and tests for homogeneity. University College Dublin, Department of Economics, 1994.

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The Greek text of Ezekiel: An examination of its homogeneity. Scholars Press, 1985.

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Kössler, W. Some c-sample rank tests of homogeneity against ordered alternatives based on U-statistics. Professoren des Institutes für Informatik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2004.

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Kössler, W. Some c-sample rank tests of homogeneity against ordered alternatives based on U-statistics. Professoren des Institutes für Informatik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Test of homogeneity"

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Skousen, Royal. "A Natural Test for Homogeneity." In Analogy and Structure. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8098-4_12.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Chi-square Test of Homogeneity." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_15177.

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Wingate, LaRicka R. "Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_367.

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West, Jennifer M. "Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity (B.I.T.C.H.)." In Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology. Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71799-9_46.

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Mantel, Klaus, and Johannes Schwider. "Interferometric Homogeneity Test Using Adaptive Frequency Comb Illumination." In Fringe 2013. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36359-7_71.

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Grzegorzewski, Przemysław, and Hubert Szymanowski. "Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity with Fuzzy Data." In Strengthening Links Between Data Analysis and Soft Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10765-3_18.

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Barone-Adesi, Giovanni, Patrick Gagliardini, and Giovanni Urga. "A Test of the Homogeneity of Asset pricing Models." In Multi-moment Asset Allocation and Pricing Models. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119201830.ch9.

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Wiltshire, Stephen, and Max Beran. "A Significance Test for Homogeneity of Flood Frequency Regions." In Regional Flood Frequency Analysis. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3959-2_12.

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Zhang, Fan, Jing Zhao, Chao Zhao, Gang Wu, Xinyu Cao, and Haitao Wang. "Discussion on the Homogeneity Test for Microbiological Reference Materials." In Advances in Manufacturing, Production Management and Process Control. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51981-0_44.

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Chow, Shein-Chung, Jun Shao, Hansheng Wang, and Yuliya Lokhnygina. "Test for Homogeneity of Two Zero-Inflated Poisson Population." In Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research: Third Edition. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315183084-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Test of homogeneity"

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Biao Chen, P. Willett, and R. Streit. "Transient detection using a homogeneity test." In 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1999.761318.

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Ros, Faizah Che, Hiroyuki Tosaka, Kenji Sasaki, Lariyah Mohd Sidek, and Hidayah Basri. "Absolute homogeneity test of Kelantan catchment precipitation series." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 2014 (ICoMEIA 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4915661.

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Wang, Yawei, Xueli Wang, and Meng Xiao. "The Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Hypothesis Test of the Relative Risk." In 2012 International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization (BCGIN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcgin.2012.156.

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Garcia-Balboa, Jose L., Maria V. Alba-Fernandez, Francisco J. Ariza-Lopez, and Joso Rodriguez-Avi. "Homogeneity Test for Confusion Matrices: A Method and an Example." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517924.

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Chen, Yi-Ting. "Introduction to Statistical Methods for Outlier Detection and Sample Homogeneity Assessment of Reference Materials and Proficiency Test Items." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2021.15.

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Due to the homogeneity of the product or sample, it will affect whether it meets the scope of application and purpose. For example, the reference materials(RM) produced by the reference material producer(RMP), and the proficiency test items selected by the proficiency testing provider(PTP), in order to ensure the reference materials or proficiency test items have consistent characteristics or comparability, they should be proved to have certain homogeneity. However, before performing homogeneity assessment, it is necessary to measure the characteristic parameters of the reference materials or proficiency test items to obtain a sufficient number of measured values for data analysis, but there may be outliers in the measured values that may affect data analysis and interpretation of the results. Therefore, this article will refer to ASTM E178-16a:2016[1], ISO 5725-2:1994[2], ISO 13528:2015[3], etc., to introduce several outlier detection and homogeneity assessment methods, supplemented by case studies. Finally, this article will remind the precautions for the use of the method, so that readers can choose the appropriate method for use in the actual analysis.
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Bandiera, Francesco, Angelo Coluccia, and Giuseppe Ricci. "A test of homogeneity for RSS measurements within a wireless sensor network." In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inista.2014.6873594.

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Taleb, Y., and E. A. K. Cohen. "A wavelet based likelihood ratio test for the homogeneity of poisson processes." In 2016 IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssp.2016.7551768.

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Phillips, Rhonda D., Layne T. Watson, and Randolph H. Wynne. "A Fuzzy Homogeneity Test for the Iterative Guided Spectral Class Rejection Algorithm." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779136.

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Sun, Fengbin. "System Global Acceleration Factor and Life Test Design Considering Stress Non-homogeneity Across Components." In 2019 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rams.2019.8769011.

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Yang, Wenku, Yujing Yang, Tao Yang, and Wenrong Deng. "Simple and easy automation test and measurement method of large-size optical glass homogeneity." In Photonics China '98, edited by Shenghua Ye. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.318433.

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Reports on the topic "Test of homogeneity"

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Solomon, H., and M. A. Stephens. An Extension of Cochran's Test for Homogeneity of Variances. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada211054.

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Levisohn, Sharon, Mark Jackwood, and Stanley Kleven. New Approaches for Detection of Mycoplasma iowae Infection in Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612834.bard.

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Mycoplasma iowae (Mi) is a pathogenic avian mycoplasma which causes mortality in turkey embryos and as such has clinical and economic significance for the turkey breeder industry. Control of Mi infection is severely hampered by lack of adequate diagnostic tests, together with resistance to most antibiotics and resilience to environment. A markedly high degree of intra-species antigenic variation also contributes to difficulties in detection and control of infection. In this project we have designed an innovative gene-based diagnostic test based on specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of Mi. This reaction, designed Multi-species PCR-RFLP test, also amplifies the DNA of the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas M. gallisepticum (Mg) and M. synoviae (Ms). This test detects DNA equivalent to about 300 cfu Mi or either of the other two target mycoplasmas, individually or in mixed infection. It is a quick test, applicable to a wide variety of clinical samples, such as allantoic fluid or tracheal or cloacal swab suspensions. Differential diagnosis is carried out by gel electro-phoresis of the PCR amplicon digested with selected restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). This can also be readily accomplished by using a simple Dot-Blot hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes reacting specifically with unique Mi, Mg or Ms sequences in the PCR amplicon. The PCR/OLIGO test increased sensitivity by at least 10-fold with a capacity for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. Experimental infection trials were carried out to evaluate the diagnostic tools and to study pathogenesis of Mi infection. Field studies and experimental infection of embryonated eggs indicated both synergistic and competitive interaction of mycoplasma pathogens in mixed infection. The value of the PCR diagnostic tests for following the time course of egg transmission was shown. A workable serological test (Dot Immunobinding Assay) was also developed but there was no clear-cut evidence that infected turkeys develop an immune response. Typing of a wide spectrum of Mi field isolates by a variety of gene-based molecular techniques indicated a higher degree of genetic homogeneity than predicted on the basis of the phenotypic variability. All known strains of Mi were detected by the method developed. Together with an M. meleagridis-PCR test based on the same gene, the Multi-species PCR test is a highly valuable tool for diagnosis of pathogenic mycoplasmas in single or mixed infection. The further application of this rapid and specific test as a part of Mi and overall mycoplasma control programs will be dependent on developments in the turkey industry.
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3

Shoseyov, Oded, Steven A. Weinbaum, Raphael Goren, and Abhaya M. Dandekar. Biological Thinning of Fruit Set by RNAase in Deciduous Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568110.bard.

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Abstract:
Fruit thinning is a common and necessary practice for commercial fruit production in many deciduous tree fruit species. Fruit thinning in apple may be accomplished with a variety of chemical thinning agents, but the use of these chemicals is a subject of environmental concern. It has been shown recently that RNase enzyme, secreted from the stigma and the style, inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. In this study we have been able to show that Aspergillus niger B-1 RNase can effectively inhibit peach and apple pollen germination, and tube elongation in-vitro, as well as thin fruit in peach and apple, and reduce the number of seeds in citrus. The objectives of the research were to detrmine the conditions for effective thinning of (USA and Israel), develop fermentation process for cost effective production of RNase from A. niger. (Israel), and clone apple S-RNase cDNA (USA). All the objectives of the research were addressed. We have determined the optimal fermentation conditions for cost effective production of the A. niger at a 20,000 liters scale. TheA. niger B1 RNase was isolated to homogeneity and its kinetic and biochemical properties including its N-terminal sequence were fully characterized. The field test results both in Israel and California have shown variability in effectiveness and more work is needed to define the RNase concentration necessary to completely inhibit pollen development. Plant transformation vectors expressing anti-sense apple S-RNase genes were constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce self compatible transgenic apple trees. Bovine S-Protein cDNA was cloned and successfully expressed in E. coli (Israel). Plant transformation vector expressing the S-Protein gene was constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce transgenic plants expressing S-protein in the style. Exogenous application of S-peptide to these plants will result in active RNase and consequently prevention of fertilization.
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