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1

Marinus, Eva, Saskia Kohnen, and Genevieve McArthur. "Australian comparison data for the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE)." Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties 18, no. 2 (2013): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19404158.2013.852981.

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2

Knight, Bruce Allen, and Susan A. Galletly. "The Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE) used in an Australian context." Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities 11, no. 3 (2006): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19404150609546817.

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3

Winn, Tiffany, Julia Miller, and Willem van Steenbrugge. "The Efficacy of a Computer Program for Increasing Phonemic Awareness and Decoding Skills in a Primary School Setting for Children with Reading Difficulties." Australian Journal of Teacher Education 45, no. 12 (2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.202v45n12.1.

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Abstract: This paper addresses a gap in research regarding the efficacy of software programs to help children with reading difficulties. Forty-two children aged 5-13 years identified as poor readers participated in a study over twelve weeks using Reading Doctor, a software program targeting phonemic awareness, orthographic-phonemic mappings, decoding ability and sight word recognition. Measures were taken using the Sutherland Phonological Awareness Test - Revised (SPAT-R), the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE), and the graphemes and decoding subtests of the Phonological Awareness Test 2
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Tarar, Jessica M., Elizabeth B. Meisinger, and Rachel H. Dickens. "Test Review: Test of Word Reading Efficiency–Second Edition (TOWRE-2) by Torgesen, J. K., Wagner, R. K., & Rashotte, C. A." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 30, no. 4 (2015): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0829573515594334.

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McKenna, Michael C., Sharon Walpole, and Bong Gee Jang. "Validation of the Informal Decoding Inventory." Assessment for Effective Intervention 42, no. 2 (2016): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508416640747.

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This study investigated the reliability and validity of Part 1 of the Informal Decoding Inventory (IDI), a free diagnostic assessment used to plan Tier 2 intervention for first graders with decoding deficits. Part 1 addresses single-syllable words and consists of five subtests that progress in difficulty and that contain real word and pseudoword components. The IDI was administered to a sample of 94 first graders who attended three high-poverty schools in a rural district located in a South Atlantic state. The Test of Word Recognition Efficiency–Second Edition (TOWRE-2) was given in the same s
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Petscher, Yaacov, and Young-Suk Kim. "Efficiency of Predicting Risk in Word Reading Using Fewer, Easier Letters." Assessment for Effective Intervention 37, no. 1 (2011): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508411407761.

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Letter-name identification has been widely used as part of early screening to identify children who might be at risk for future word reading difficulty. The goal of the present study was to examine whether a reduced set of letters could have similar diagnostic accuracy rather than a full set (i.e., 26 letters) when used as a screen. First, we examined whether a hierarchical scale existed among letters by using a Mokken scale analysis. Then, we contrasted diagnostic accuracy among the 5, 10, 15, and 20 easiest letters, with all 26 letters by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves
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Ijalba, Elizabeth, Alicia Bustos, and Sayume Romero. "Phonological–Orthographic Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia in Three Spanish–English Bilingual Students." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 3 (2020): 1133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00175.

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Introduction The purpose of this study is to present three case studies of developmental dyslexia in dual-language learners (DLLs) and our assessment process. We identify how phonological and orthographic deficits influence reading outcomes. We review the literature on theoretical models of bilingualism and reading models of developmental dyslexia to guide the assessment process through a multicomponential approach. We point out differences in the manifestation of dyslexia in more and less transparent writing systems. We suggest that reading instruction in Spanish can afford benefits to Englis
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Walker, Marianna M., Jennifer B. Shinn, Jerry L. Cranford, Gregg D. Givens, and Don Holbert. "Auditory Temporal Processing Performance of Young Adults With Reading Disorders." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 3 (2002): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/048).

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The present study investigated the temporal processing abilities of college students with diagnosed reading disorders. A behavioral test battery was used that involved discrimination of the pattern of presentation of tone triads in which individual components differed in either frequency or duration. An additional test involving measurement of frequency difference limens for long- and short-duration tones was also administered. The college students with reading disorders exhibited significantly higher error rates in discriminating duration patterns than the normal reading group. No group diffe
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Beauvais, Lucie, Houria Bouchafa, Caroline Beauvais, Nina Kleinsz, Annie Magnan, and Jean Ecalle. "Tinfolec: A New French Web-Based Test for Reading Assessment in Primary School." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 33, no. 3 (2018): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0829573518771130.

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The goal of the experiment was to examine the relevance of a new French web-based assessment, Tinfolec (Test INFOrmatisé d’évaluation de la LECture), the aim of which is to evaluate the reading abilities of children in primary grades. The participants were 1,016 children from Grades 2 to 5. They completed the five tasks of Tinfolec designed to assess the efficiency of the two procedures used to identify written words (the nonlexical route and the lexical orthographic route). We tested the reliability and validity of the new tool in a subsection of this sample. Correlational analyses provided e
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Wu, Liqin, and Cuihua Xi. "Eye Tracking Technology in Detecting the Switch Cost in the Intra-sentential Code-Switching Contexts." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 13, no. 05 (2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i05.8109.

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Switch cost and cost site have been controversial issues in the code-switching studies. This research conducted an eye tracking experiment on eight bilingual subjects to measure their switch cost and cost site in comprehending the intra-sentential code-switching (Chinese and English) and the unilingual (pure Chinese) stimuli. The English words and their Chinese translations or equivalents were assumed as the key words in either a unilingual or an intra-sentential code-switching paragraph. These key words were located as areas of interest (AOI) with the same height and consisted of three word-f
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Et. al., Mohd Rahmat Mohd Noordin,. "Mobile Learning: Fonik Application (FA) Using Spaced Repetition Algorithm (SRA) in The Covid-19 Era." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 5 (2021): 1805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.2192.

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Phonics is one of the techniques to teach kids to learn alphabet. This technique used the sound of alphabet to teach kids. This project is to improve word reading skills by learn how to spell. The user’s mood of study can increase by the time. The memorizing technique which is Spaced Repetition Algorithm that implemented in the application can help the slow learner that have problem to memorize. The spaced repetition approach will strengthen memory, although at another efficiency using intervals. The Fonik Application (FA) target user is slow learner. This project provides the video of lips mo
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Lage, Maria Helena Lott, Victor Hackett, and William Leslie. "The efficacy of reading using the physical response technique in second language learning." Cadernos de Linguística e Teoria da Literatura 6, no. 11 (2016): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/0101-3548.6.11.134-141.

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Resumo: O objetivo desta experiência foi testar a eficácia da leitura no estágio inicial do aprendizado de uma segunda língua. A lição usada foi baseada na técnica Total Physical Response, de James J. Asher, e consistiu de 10 emissões diferentes de 1 palavra cada.Chegou-se à conclusão de que aqueles que possuíam um roteiro e puderam lê-lo durante a aula, obtiveram um resultado 33.58 melhor do que os que não leram.Uma segunda hipótese testada lidou com a ação versus a não-ação. A diferença nos resultados obtidos pelos grupos de ação versus os grupos de não-ação não chegou a ser significativa. A
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13

Hagan-Burke, Shanna, Mack D. Burke, and Clay Crowder. "The Convergent Validity of the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills and the Test of Word Reading Efficiency for the Beginning of First Grade." Assessment for Effective Intervention 31, no. 4 (2006): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073724770603100401.

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14

Traxler, Matthew J., Timothy Banh, Madeline M. Craft, et al. "Word skipping in deaf and hearing bilinguals: Cognitive control over eye movements remains with increased perceptual span." Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 3 (2021): 601–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000740.

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AbstractDeaf readers may have larger perceptual spans than ability-matched hearing native English readers, allowing them to read more efficiently (Belanger & Rayner, 2015). To further test the hypothesis that deaf and hearing readers have different perceptual spans, the current study uses eye-movement data from two experiments in which deaf American Sign Language–English bilinguals, hearing native English speakers, and hearing Chinese–English bilinguals read semantically unrelated sentences and answered comprehension questions after a proportion of them. We analyzed skip rates, fixation ti
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15

Schulte-Nölke, Hans. "No Market for ‘Lemons’: On the Reasons for a Judicial Unfairness Test for B2B Contracts." European Review of Private Law 23, Issue 2 (2015): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2015016.

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Abstract: Judicial intervention into B2B contracts should be construed as part of state infrastructure to improve business efficiency and thereby that of the market itself. The main purpose of unfair contract terms regulation should be to discharge a business from reading, analysing, or even negotiating the bulk of contract terms presented to them by other businesses. This enables businesses to prepare standard terms in advance, particularly those underlying high-volume transactions. Their customers can rest assured that such contracts would need to pass a judicial fairness test before being e
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16

Tamati, Terrin N., Christin Ray, Kara J. Vasil, David B. Pisoni, and Aaron C. Moberly. "High- and Low-Performing Adult Cochlear Implant Users on High-Variability Sentence Recognition: Differences in Auditory Spectral Resolution and Neurocognitive Functioning." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 31, no. 05 (2020): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18106.

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Abstract Background Postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant (CI) users routinely display large individual differences in the ability to recognize and understand speech, especially in adverse listening conditions. Although individual differences have been linked to several sensory (‘‘bottom-up’') and cognitive (‘‘top-down’') factors, little is currently known about the relative contributions of these factors in high- and low-performing CI users. Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate differences in sensory functioning and neurocognitive functioning between high- and low-performin
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17

Chamieh, Joelle. "“Once Upon A Time”: The Efficiency of Storytelling in Shaping Drama Series, A Case Study on Bab El Hara." Journal of Arts and Humanities 5, no. 12 (2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v5i12.1063.

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<p>We all know the enigma that compels us to dive into the excitement and vivacity of a certain story we are reading or a series we are watching. The characters become a part of us and the streets, café shops, etc., design our thoughts and dreams as they display the ‘vitrines’ of our reality. All is triggered by a simple word “once upon a time.” In this article, we go in-depth by analyzing storytelling and by exploring the significant role of the character as positioned in a text. However, our main concern is the possibility of being able to decipher values transmitted by a text, where t
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18

Amand, Maelle, and Zakaria Touhami. "Teaching the pronunciation of sentence final and word boundary stops to French learners of English: distracted imitation versus audio-visual explanations." Research in Language 14, no. 4 (2016): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2016-0020.

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Studies on stop unrelease in second language acquisition have hitherto focused on the productions of Slavic learners of English (Šimačkova & Podlipsky, 2015) and experiments on Polish learners of English; the latter show the tendency to release stops on a more regular basis depending on the type of stop combinations (Rojczyk et al. 2013). In the present study, we aim to test the efficiency of audio-visual explanations as opposed to distracted imitation in pronunciation teaching amongst French learners of English. While unreleased stops are rather frequent in French and English - especially
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19

French, Christi, Dax Kurbegov, David R. Spigel, Maciek Makowski, Samantha Terker, and Paul Alexander Clark. "Automate incidental findings in radiology reports using natural language processing and machine learning to identify and classify lung nodules." Journal of Global Oncology 5, suppl (2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2019.5.suppl.49.

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49 Background: Pulmonary nodule incidental findings challenge providers to balance resource efficiency and high clinical quality. Incidental findings tend to be under evaluated with studies reporting appropriate follow-up rates as low as 29%. The efficient identification of patients with high risk nodules is foundational to ensuring appropriate follow-up and requires the clinical reading and classification of radiology reports. We tested the feasibility of automating this process with natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML). Methods: In cooperation with Sarah Cannon, the Ca
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20

French, Christi, Maciek Makowski, Samantha Terker, and Paul Alexander Clark. "Automating incidental findings in radiology reports using natural language processing and machine learning to identify and classify pulmonary nodules." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): e18093-e18093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18093.

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e18093 Background: Pulmonary nodule incidental findings challenge providers to balance resource efficiency and high clinical quality. Incidental findings tend to be undertreated with studies reporting appropriate follow-up rates as low as 29%. Ensuring appropriate follow-up on all incidental findings is labor-intensive; requires the clinical reading and classification of radiology reports to identify high-risk lung nodules. We tested the feasibility of automating this process with natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML). Methods: In cooperation with Sarah Cannon Research In
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21

Vaughn, Sharon, Amie E. Grills, Philip Capin, Greg Roberts, Anna-Mária Fall, and Johny Daniel. "Examining the Effects of Integrating Anxiety Management Instruction Within a Reading Intervention for Upper Elementary Students With Reading Difficulties." Journal of Learning Disabilities, November 10, 2021, 002221942110532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00222194211053225.

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We present findings from the first cohort of third- and fourth-grade students with reading difficulties (128 students from 31 classrooms) who participated in a 2-year intervention examining the effects of a reading intervention with and without anxiety management. Using a randomized controlled trial, students were assigned to one of three conditions: (a) small-group reading intervention with anxiety management instruction (RANX), (b) small-group reading intervention with math fact practice (RMATH), and (c) business-as-usual (BAU) comparison condition (no researcher provided treatment). Personn
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22

Clemens, Nathan H., Yu-Yu Hsiao, Kejin Lee, et al. "The Differential Importance of Component Skills on Reading Comprehension Test Performance Among Struggling Adolescent Readers." Journal of Learning Disabilities, June 18, 2020, 002221942093213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219420932139.

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Reading comprehension tests vary in format and characteristics, which may influence the extent to which component skills are involved in test performance. With students in Grades 6 to 8 with reading difficulties, dominance analyses examined the differential importance of component reading and language skills (word- and text-reading fluency, vocabulary, listening comprehension, and working memory) on several standardized tests of reading comprehension: The Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test, 4th edition (GMRT), Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation, Gray Oral Reading Test, 5th edition (
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23

"Evaluation of Bio-Fouling Effect in Cooling Tower by Chemical Treatment." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 3 (2019): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c4182.098319.

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The main aim of this work is to check the bio fouling in cooling tower and its effect on power generation. The way to reduce bio fouling is necessary issue within the thermal power station, as it results in reduction of the heat transfer rate and ultimately reduction in the power generation rate of plant. So as to attenuate the energy consumption in process plant equipped with device network. In various branches of chemical industries fouling builds up on heat transfer surfaces is a heat transfer equipment burning extra fuel to compensate for a reduced heat recovery accepting reduction of plan
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24

Holtzer, Roee, Daliah Ross, Catherine O’Brien, Meltem Izzetoglu, and Mark E. Wagshul. "Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Efficiency of Prefrontal Cortex Activation Patterns of Gait in Older Adults." Journals of Gerontology: Series A, October 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab288.

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Abstract Background Cognitive Reserve (CR) protects against cognitive decline, but whether CR influences the efficiency of cortical control of gait has not been reported. The current study addressed this important gap in the literature. Specifically, we determined the role of CR in moderating the efficiency of functional Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy (fNIRS)-derived HbO2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) assessed during active walking. We hypothesized that higher CR would be associated with more efficient brain activation patterns. Methods Participants were 55 (mean age=74.84; %female=49.1) older ad
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Marshall, P. David. "Thinking through New." M/C Journal 1, no. 1 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1696.

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A friend of mine once tried to capture the feeling that one gets from a new thing. He decided that there was no word to describe the sensation of having an unblemished eraser when you were in primary school, but nevertheless it produced a kind of fascinating awe in the apparent perfection of the new. A similar feeling captures the new car owner in smelling the interior's recently minted plastic. Used car dealers would doubtless love to bottle that smell because it produces the momentary pleasure of new ownership. And I am sure there are certain people who are addicted to that smell, and go tes
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