Relevant bibliographies by topics / Test preference

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Test preference'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Test preference"

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Stubager, Rune. "Preference-Shaping: An Empirical Test." Political Studies 51, no. 2 (2003): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00422.

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According to Downs, parties are forced to accommodate the preferences of the voters in order to win elections. However, Dunleavy and Ward argue that it is also possible for a party to use preference-shaping strategies to bring the preferences of the voters in line with the party's position. Using structural equation modelling, preference-shaping theory is tested in relation to the effect of sales of council houses and shares in privatised companies on the electorate's attitudes to economic policies under the 1979–92 Conservative governments in Britain. The analyses provide little support for preference-shaping theory, which seems in need of respecification if it is to be maintained.
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Vormittag, Isabella, Tuulia M. Ortner, and Tobias Koch. "How Test Takers See Test Examiners." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 31, no. 4 (2015): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000232.

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Abstract. We addressed potential test takers’ preferences for women or men as examiners as well as how examiners were perceived depending on their gender. We employed an online design with 375 students who provided preferences for and ratings of examiners based on short video clips. The clips showed four out of 15 psychologists who differed in age (young vs. middle-aged) and gender giving an introduction to a fictional intelligence test session. Employing multivariate multilevel analyses we found female examiners to be perceived as more social competent and middle-aged examiners being perceived as more competent. Data analyses revealed a significant preference for choosing women as examiners. Results were discussed with reference to test performance and fairness.
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DURHAN-AYYILDIZ, Tebessüm, Ferhat KILIÇARSLAN, Serkan KURTİPEK, and Nuri Berk GÜNGÖR. "The effect of recreation experience preference on destination preference." Journal of ROL Sport Sciences 4, no. 3 (2023): 863–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8352567.

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This study, it is aimed to examine the effects of recreation experience preferences of individuals engaged in camping activities on destination preference and to determine how various variables differentiate the measurement tools. The study included 223 individuals participating in camping activities in Kaş region of Antalya province. The data were collected with the "Recreation Experience Preference Scale" and "Destination Preference Scale" as well as the personal data form. Descriptive statistics, independent sample T test, one-way analysis of variance ANOVA, post hoc tests, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings show that the participants' recreation experience preferences levels are high (4.32±0.49) and their destination preferences levels are at an average level (5.60±0.88). It was determined that recreation experience preferences and destination preferences of individuals participating in camping activities differed according to gender, age, field of study, income, marital status variables, but did not differ significantly according to education level.  It was determined that there was a positive and moderately significant relationship between Recreation Experience Preference and Destination Preference (r=0.565). The findings of the multiple regression analysis, in which the effect of recreation experience preferences on destination preference was determined to be approximately 40%, show that knowledge and adventure and transportation and activity sub-dimensions are significantly predicted by recreation experience preference.
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Calderón, Eduardo, Alondra Rivera-Quintero, Yixun Xia, Ofelia Angulo, and Michael O’Mahony. "The triadic preference test." Food Quality and Preference 39 (January 2015): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.05.016.

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Šimonová, Ivana. "Learner Preferences and Rejections of Selected Test Formats." International Journal of Information and Communication Technologies in Education 5, no. 1 (2016): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijicte-2016-0003.

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Abstract The article presents the results of the survey on student preferences and rejections of selected types of tests (test formats) reflecting their learning preferences. The survey was conducted at the Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic in the sample of 203 students of Applied Informatics, Information Management, Financial Management and Tourism&Management study programmes. Data were collected by two questionnaires: (1) Learning Combination Inventory by Johnston, which was exploited to detect learner preferences, and (2) Preference/Rejection of selected types of tests, which enabled learners to express their opinions on seven selected types of tests on 10-level Likert scale. The results clearly showed strong preference of questions and tasks pre-defined before the credit test or exam, both in the oral and written forms. This finding might lead to a conclusion that student flexibility and creative thinking are not sufficiently developed for autonomous work and searching for new solutions, as required by numerous educational documents.
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Christy, Shannon M., Patrick O. Monahan, Timothy E. Stump, Susan M. Rawl, and Victoria L. Champion. "Impact of Tailored Interventions on Receipt of a Preference-Concordant Colorectal Cancer Screening Test." Medical Decision Making 40, no. 1 (2019): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x19890603.

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Background. Individuals at average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) have multiple test options. Preference for a specific test modality may affect decision making about CRC screening. The current study examined 1) the sociodemographic and health belief characteristics of average-risk participants with a test preference for stool blood test (SBT) versus those with a preference of colonoscopy, and following receipt of a tailored CRC screening intervention, 2) the percentage of participants who completed a preference-concordant CRC screening test, and 3) the sociodemographic, health care experience, and health belief characteristics and intervention group(s) associated with completion of a preference-concordant screening test. Methods. Participants ( N = 603) were female, aged 50 to 75 years, at average CRC risk, not currently up-to-date with CRC screening recommendations, had Internet access, and were randomized to receive 1 of 3 tailored CRC screening promotion interventions. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results. Most women (64%) preferred SBT, whereas 36% preferred colonoscopy. There were significant differences in test preference by age, stage of change for the specific tests, perceived benefits of CRC screening, perceived barriers to both tests, and self-efficacy for colonoscopy. Two hundred thirty participants completed CRC screening at 6 months post-intervention. Of those, most (84%) completed a test concordant with their preference. Multivariable analyses revealed that compared with participants completing a preference-discordant test, those completing a preference-concordant test were older ( P = 0.01), had health insurance ( P < 0.05), and were in the phone counseling–only group ( P < 0.01). Conclusions. High levels of completion of preference-concordant CRC screening can be achieved by educating average-risk patients about the multiple screening test options, soliciting their preferences, and offering testing that is concordant with their preference.
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McDermott, Amber N., and Thomas F. Dell. "Test Review: Vocational Preference Inventory." Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 57, no. 3 (2013): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355213509856.

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Kim, Min-A., Ye-Jin Lee, Myung-Shin Kim, and Hye-Seong Lee. "Reminder–preference test, affective difference-preference test using reference framing with a brand: 1. Sensitivity comparisons with the same–different difference–preference test." Food Research International 155 (May 2022): 111065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111065.

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Kim, In-Ah, Ji-Young Yoon, and Hye-Seong Lee. "Measurement of consumers’ sensory discrimination and preference: Efficiency of preference-difference test utilizing the 3-point preference test precedes the same-different test." Food Science and Biotechnology 24, no. 4 (2015): 1355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-015-0174-0.

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Radoš, Sonja, Marija Zdraveva, and Iris Žeželj. "Status Dynamics in the Classroom: Roma Children’s Implicit and Explicit Preference for Majority Children Across Age Groups." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 4 (2019): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119828498.

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Roma children are often segregated within the Serbian education system: They are disproportionally placed in special schools or put in ethnically homogeneous classrooms. Even in nonsegregated environments, they face everyday discrimination—an 80% dropout rate from elementary school testifies to that. Being a stigmatized minority might contribute to negative social identity, manifested in reversed in-group–out-group preferences. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated (a) if Roma children exhibit implicit/explicit preference for the majority group, and compared their preferences with those of majority children; (b) if these preferences differ in two age groups (second/third and seventh-grade elementary school); and (c) if they relate to academic self-efficacy. A total of 89 children completed the implicit associations test (IAT) test, three measures of explicit ethnic preference (semantic differential, feeling thermometer, and social distance), and a measure of academic self-efficacy. While Serbian children showed consistent explicit and implicit in-group preference, in Roma, we found out-group preferences on both sets of measures. Age-wise, the older group of Roma showed less explicit out-group preferences only in social distance, but not in other measures; the older children showed higher implicit out-group preference (Roma), and slightly lower implicit in-group preference (Serbs), in comparison with the younger. Finally, implicit, but not explicit, out-group preference predicted lower academic self-efficacy in Roma. Our findings demonstrate that out-group preference in Roma children is a robust phenomenon, and that implicit preference is stronger with age. This implies that schooling alone will not reduce negative social identity and that the minority children need to be strategically empowered.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Test preference"

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Penner, Johan. "Foliar nutrition: targeted fertilization to test herbivore preference." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-94349.

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Abstract   The aim of this study was to increase knowledge of how plants as a whole respond to targeted fertilization and to refine the method of foliar nutrition fertilization. The experiment also aimed to test how herbivores respond when presented with a choice between fertilized and unfertilized Salix leaves in a feeding trial experiment. One major problem that arises when trying to alter the nutrient levels within a specific part of a plant is that adding fertilizer directly to the soil in which the plants grow will have a systemic effect on the plant, causing the plant physiology as a whole to change instead of just changing the properties of the plant part which the study focuses on. The approach chosen for this experiment is to target the leaves directly when applying the fertilizer and therefore try to avoid altering the rest of the plant. Fertilizer in the form of NH3NO4 was added to Salix leaves using a pipette and a brush at two different concentrations. When the leaves had been fertilized they were analyzed and used in a feeding trial experiment to study herbivore response to targeted fertilization. Once all data was analyzed statistically it became clear that both concentrations of the treatment had altered the nitrogen content within the leaves, however only the lower concentration had done so without altering the characteristics of the leaf. The data collected from the feeding trial displayed no statistical evidence for preference between the treated and control leaves in regard to amount consumed by the Phratora beetles, on the other hand when testing for egg laying preference 8/8 of egg clutches were laid on treated leaves.
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Posri, Wilatsana. "Improving the predictability of consumer preferences from central location test (CLT) in tea." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365906.

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Farmer, Mary Ellen. "Can student test preference be predicted by need for cognition, test anxiety or personality type? /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1417799771&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.Ed.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2007.<br>"Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-83). Also available online.
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Salomonsson, Cecilia. "Food preferences in captive meerkats (Suricata suricatta)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70120.

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By using a three-choice preference test I tested food preferences in eight meerkats (Sutricata suricatta) for nine different food items. The meerkats were presented with all possible combinations of 9 food items, in total 84 combinations. The meerkats displayed the following rank order of food preference: cricket &gt; zophoba lava &gt; egg white &gt; banana = tomato &gt; orange &gt; apple &gt; cucumber &gt; carrot. A correlation test between the food preference and nutritional content showed that the preference is significantly correlated with protein content. There is also a significant correlation between ash content and the food preference. There were no correlations with water, fat or vitamins and minerals. This suggests that, as in the wild, the captive meerkats at Kolmården wild life park seek food with high protein content. Ash has a high significant correlation with protein, which may explain the correlation between ash and the food preference. A comparison between the individual’s food preferences showed that the oldest individuals had the highest number of correlations with their food preferences to other individual’s food preference. This suggests an observational learning capability from older to younger individuals, which has also been reported in wild meerkat
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Tribucci, Adriana Moraes de Oliveira. "Palatabilidade e digestibilidade aparente de equinos submetidos a dietas com diferentes níveis de inclusão de polpa cítrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-27032012-105408/.

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Foram realizados dois experimentos com os objetivos de testar a palatabilidade (avaliada pela aceitação ou refuta dos concentrados experimentais, a primeira ação e primeira escolha, a razão de ingestão e a aplicabilidade deste protocolo de teste em experimentos para equinos) e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e das frações de carboidratos das dietas, com diferentes níveis de inclusão de polpa cítrica no concentrado (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28%) para equinos. Para o experimento de palatabilidade, foram utilizados 10 equinos, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, enquanto que para o experimento digestibilidade, foram utilizadas cinco diferentes equinos, dispostas em Quadrado Latino 5x5. Foi observado efeito (p<0,01) da primeira ação, sendo que 80% dos animais consumiram o concentrado assim que tiveram acesso. Para a variável primeira escolha, não foi observada diferença (p>0,01) no consumo dos concentrados, porém o concentrado com 7% de inclusão apresentou maior preferência numérica (36,67%), refletida também na maior razão de ingestão (0,4425), o qual apresentou diferença (p<0,01) quando comparado com os demais e evidenciado por apresentar RI >0,30. Não foi observado efeito (p>0,05) dos níveis de inclusão sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes bem como das diferentes frações dos carboidratos das dietas, a exceção do carboidrato solúvel que apresentou diferença (p<0,05). Observou-se alta correlação entre os coeficientes de digestibilidade de matéria seca (CDaMS) e fibra em detergente neutro (CDaFDN), entre fibra em detergente ácido (CDaFDA) e fibra em detergente neutro (CDaFDN), e fibra em detergente ácido (CDaFDA) e proteína bruta (CDaDPB). A polpa cítrica pode ser incluída em concentrados para equinos, em níveis de até 28% de inclusão, sem causar efeito deletério sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta, bem como da fração carboidrato da mesma. Níveis inferiores de inclusão, próximos a 7%, favorecem a palatabilidade de dietas com polpa cítrica e sem adição de palatabilizantes (melaço). São necessários maiores estudos para a padronização dos testes de palatabilidade e digestibilidade aparente das frações dos carboidratos das dietas, bem como o efeito metabólico da inclusão de polpa cítrica a dieta de equinos.<br>Two experiments were conducted out with the objective to test the palatability (measured by the acceptance or refute of the experimental concentrates, the first action and first choice, the highest level of preference, the ratio of intake and the applicability of this protocol in experiments to test horses), apparent digestibility of nutrients and carbohydrate fractions of diets with different levels of citrus pulp inclusion in the concentrate (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%) for horses. In the palatability experiment there were 10 mares used in a completely randomized design while for the digestibility experiments there were five different mares used arranged in 5x5 Latin Square design. The effect of inclusion on first action was observed (p<0.01) because 80% of the animals promptly were fed the concentrate. There was no difference (p>0.05) for the first choice variable. However, the concentrate with 7% was the most preferred (36.67%). The concentrate with 7% of citrus pulp inclusion presented the highest intake ratio (0.4425; p<0.01) when compared to the others evidenced by IR>0.30. No effect (p>0.05) was observed for the different levels of citrus pulp on the digestibility of nutrients as well as on the different carbohydrates fractions of the diets, except that the soluble carbohydrate presented difference (p<0.05). There was a high correlation between the digestibility of dry matter (CDDM) and neutral detergent fiber (CDNDF), between CDADF and CDNDF, and CDADF and CDDPB. The citrus pulp can be included in concentrates to horses at levels up to 28% inclusion without deleterious effect on the digestibility of nutrients and the carbohydrate fraction thereof. Lower levels of inclusion (7%) may advantage the palatability of diets with citrus pulp and no added flavors (molasses). Nonetheless, more studies are required to standardize the palatability tests and carbohydrate fractions digestibility and the metabolic effect of the citrus pulp inclusion in the horses diet.
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Kongnakorn, Thitima. "Development and Test of a New Method for Preference Measurement for Multistate Health Profiles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4946.

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This dissertation aims at developing and testing a new method that can better capture preferences for multistate health profiles. The motivation arose from the failure of the QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Year) model in adequately capturing preferences in multistate health profiles. The current QALY-based technique captures preferences for multistate health profiles by evaluating each health state in the profile independently of other states. As the past literature showed, this additive independence condition does not hold in practice and hence such approach is inadequate. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel approach to measure preferences for multistate health profiles by looking at two consecutive health states at a time. It hypothesizes that an evaluation of the future health state is dependent or "conditioned" on the level of the preceding, or current, health state. Characteristics of the current health state that are suspected to impact the resulting conditional preference scores for future health state are systematically explored in a carefully designed empirical study. The interested factors include duration of the current health state, direction of change and amplitude of change between the current and future health states. A 2
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Brown, Sacha Devine. "Creative Performance, Creative Partner Preference, and Creative Perception: A Test of Fisher's Runaway Sexual Selection Theory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146888.

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Prior research suggests that creativity is a trait women find attractive in potential male romantic partners. This study applied Fisher's theory of runaway sexual selection to creativity. Fisher's theory predicts that when a trait with no apparent adaptive advantage is found sexually attractive, both prevalence of and preference for the trait should increase over evolutionary time. This study hypothesized that creative performance and creative partner preference would be correlated, as predicted by this theory. It was believed that perception of creativity would be necessary if individuals are to successfully identify it in partners, which would then allow for the runaway chain of events identified by Fisher to occur. Creative self-perception was hypothesized to correlate with the creative performance and creative partner preference as well. Study participants (198 heterosexual undergraduate females) were given measures of the three constructs of interest and general intelligence was also assessed. Results supported Fisher's runaway sexual selection theory and the hypothesized relationship between creative performance, creative partner preference, and creative self-perception. This study found that women high in creativity were also more likely to prefer that potential partners be higher in creativity and were also more likely to perceive themselves as creative. Previous findings that creative performance and intelligence are related were also supported. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
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Kabe, Assuka Marina Godoy. "Palatabilidade, qualidade de fezes e digestibilidade aparente de equinos submetidos a dietas com diferentes níveis de inclusão de casca de soja." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20032013-083421/.

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Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão de níveis crescentes de casca de soja (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28%) no concentrado para equinos, foram realizados dois experimentos, ambos conduzidos no Setor de Equideocultura da Prefeitura do Campus de Pirassununga da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos. O primeiro experimento consistiu em ensaio de palatabilidade, composto pela análise conjuntas das variáveis: primeira ação (ação realizada pelo animal assim que entrou em contato com os concentrados, cheirou ou comeu), primeira escolha (primeiro concentrado efetivamente ingerido pelo animal), e razão de ingestão (quantidade de cada um dos concentrados ingerida em relação ao total consumido, em um período de 3 minutos). Para tanto, foram utilizados dez equinos, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado. Foi observado efeito (p&lt;0,05) para a primeira ação, sendo que 37,19% dos animais cheiraram e 62,81% dos animais ingeriram os concentrados. Já, para as variáveis primeira escolha e razão de ingestão, não foi observada diferença (p&gt;0,05), demonstrando-se que a preferência e consumo de cada um dos concentrados foram semelhantes. No segundo experimento realizou-se ensaio de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e características físico-químicas das fezes. Cinco éguas dispostas em delineamento quadrado latino 5x5, foram utilizadas. A dieta utilizada apresentou 60% de volumoso (feno de Coast-Cross) e 40% de concentrado, visando atender as exigências nutricionais da categoria animal. Realizaram-se análises para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria mineral (MM), matéria orgânica (MO), extrato etéreo (EE) e proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose (HC) e energia Bruta (EB), nutrientes para os quais foi determinada a digestibilidade aparente. As características físico químicas das fezes foram analisadas avaliando-se as concentrações de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) o pH, a capacidade tamponante a 5 e a 6, e características de cor e consistência das fezes. Não foi observado efeito (p&gt;0,05) dos níveis de inclusão sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, bem como não houve efeito (p&gt;0,05) sobre as características físico-químicas das fezes. Os Coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes encontram-se dentro dos valores preconizados pela literatura, sendo os coeficientes médios de digestibilidade aparente de MS, MO, FDN, FDA, HC, PB, EE, EB, respectivamente de: 53,67; 54,71; 47,04; 39,50;54,08; 66,74 e 83,73%. O pH médio observado foi de 6,4 e a capacidade tamponante ao pH 5 (CT5) e capacidade tamponante ao ph 6 (CT6) médias foram respectivamente de 14,09 e 4,41 (mmol/l). Para as características físicas das fezes, cor e consistência, 100% das fezes apresentaram-se esverdeadas e 90% normais, evidenciando que não houve alteração deletéria no intestino grosso dos equinos. A casca de soja pode ser incluída em dietas para equinos, em níveis de até 28% do concentrado, sem causar efeito deletério sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta e sobre a palatabilidade dos concentrados, além de não apresentam efeito deletério sobre as características físico-químicas das fezes, sugerindo manutenção da saúde do trato digestório.<br>Aiming to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of soybean hulls (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%) in horses concentrate, two experiments were conducted in the Equideocultura Sector of Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos City Hall. The first experiment was the palatability test, composed by the joint analysis of variables: first action (action performed by the animal as soon as it came in contacted with the concentrates: smelled or ate), first choice (first concentrate effectively ingested by the animal), and ratio intake (amount of each one concentrate ingested in the total consumed, over a period of 3 minutes). Thus, ten horses were used in a completely randomized test. Effect was observed (p&lt;0.05) for the first action, with 37.19% of the animals sniffed and 62.81% of the animals ingested the concentrates. As for the variables: first choice and ratio of intake, there was no difference (p&gt;0.05), demonstrating that the preference and consumption of each one of the concentrates were similar. The second experiment conducted was the nutrient digestibility test and physicochemical characteristics of the feaces. Five mares were used, arranged in 5x5 Latin Square design. The diet had 60% roughage (Coast Cross hay) and 40% concentrate, to meet the nutritional requirements of the animal category. Analysis were made to determine the dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), organic matter ( OM), ether extract (EE) and crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) detergent fiber acid (ADF), hemicellulose (HC) and gross energy (GE), and the apparent digestibility was determined for each nutrient. The physicochemical characteristics of feces were analyzed by evaluating the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations, pH, buffering capacity (BC) at 5 and 6, and color and faeces consistency. There was no effect (p&gt;0.05) for the inclusion level on the nutrients digestibility, and there was no effect (p&gt;0.05) on the feaces physicochemical characteristics. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients are within the levels recommended by the literature, and the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, HC, CP, EE, EB, were: 53.67; 54.71; 47.04, 39.50, 54.08, 66.74 and 83.73%, respectively. The average pH observed was 6.4 and the BC5 and BC6 medium were 14.09 and 4.41 (mmol/l) respectively. For the feaces physical characteristics, color and consistency of the feaces, 100% showed green color and 90% was normal, indicating no deleterious changes in the equine large intestine. Soybean hulls can be included in the horses diet at levels up to 28% of the concentrate, without causing deleterious effect on the nutrients digestibility and the concentrates palatability, and there wasn\'t deleterious effect on the feaces physicochemical characteristics, suggesting maintenance of the digestive tract healthy.
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Olmstead, Mary C. "Effects of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus lesions on morphine-induced conditioned place preference and analgesia in the formalin test." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61087.

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It has been proposed that analgesia in the formalin test is mediated through forebrain systems associated with reinforcement, whereas motor responses necessary for the expression of pain are organized at the level of the brainstem. Because it is located in the brainstem and connected with both limbic reward systems and motor structures, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) is a site where reward signals might influence the expression of pain. Experiment 1 confirmed that NMDA-induced lesions of the PPTg block the development of a conditioned place preference to morphine. Subsequently, morphine-induced analgesia was found to be reduced, but not eliminated. The reduction of reward was not significantly correlated with loss of choline acetyltransferase containing neurons in the PPTg. In Experiment 2, PPTg lesions did not affect morphine analgesia in drug naive animals, but produced motor abnormalities and blocked the morphine-induced depression of spontaneous motor activity and catalepsy.
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Ryan, Thomas Kennedy. "Grouping strategy in rhythmic perception: A test of the perceptual salience of Lerdahl and Jackendoff's grouping preference rules /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487942476406182.

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Books on the topic "Test preference"

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Barnes, Jennifer. Learning preference scales: Handbook and test master set: teachers, students, parents. ACER, 1992.

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Gordon, Edwin. A comparison of scores on the 1971 and 1993 editions of the Iowa tests of music literacy: Implications for music education ; and, Selecting an appropriate string instrument for study using the Instrument timbre preference test. Gordon Institute for Music Learning, 1994.

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Gordon, Edwin. The Advanced measures of music audiation and the Instrument timbre preference test: Three research studies. GIA Publications, 1991.

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Andriani, Fitri. Profil kepribadian pencari kerja di Jawa Timur dengan Edward Preference Personality Test: Laporan penelitian DIK rutin Universitas Airlangga. Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, 2001.

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Gordon, Edwin. Predictive validity studies of IMMA and ITPT: A two-year longitudinal predictive validity study of the Instrument timbre preference test and the Intermediate measures of music audiation. G.I.A. Publications, 1989.

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Gordon, Edwin. Predictive validity studies of IMMA and ITPT: A two-year longitudinal predictive validity study of the instrument timbre preference test and the intermediate measures of music audiation. G.I.A. Publications, 1989.

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Coffee Development Group (U.S.) and Market Facts Inc, eds. Iced coffee taste test: Fresh brew products, soluble products : a report to the Coffee Development Group ... Market Facts, 1985.

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Sylvia, Gilbert. A comparison of farmed and wild salmon: Consumer preferences, proximal analysis, taste test panel scores. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, 1992.

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Moser, Petra. An empirical test of taste-based discrimination changes in ethnic preferences and their effect on admissions to the NYSE during World War I. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008.

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Escudero, Verónica, Hannah Liepmann, and Damián Vergara. Directed search, wages, and non-wage amenities. ILO, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54394/ywml9238.

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We leverage rich data from a prominent online job board in Uruguay to assess directed search patterns in job applications, focusing on posted wages and advertised non-wage amenities. We find robust evidence of directed search based on posted wages in the cross-section, with stark heterogeneity by occupation: the wage-application correlation is driven by vacancies attached to lower-skill occupations, with applications to vacancies attached to higher-skill occupations showing no responsiveness to posted wages. By applying text analysis to the job ads, we elicit advertised non-wage amenities and find evidence of directed search based on non-wage amenities. Applications to vacancies attached to lower-skill occupations are consistent with lexicographic application preferences: amenities predict applications to these vacancies only when wages are not posted. Finally, we exploit industry-by-occupation minimum wage variation to demonstrate that the observed occupational heterogeneity in directed search patterns is supported by quasi-experimental difference-in-differences estimates of the impact of wages on job applications.
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Book chapters on the topic "Test preference"

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Andrews, Anne M., Greg A. Gerhardt, Lynette C. Daws, et al. "Novelty Preference Test." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4425.

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Ruiyong, Wu. "Sucrose Preference Test." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Psychology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6000-2_241-1.

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Ruiyong, Wu. "Sucrose Preference Test." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Psychology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7874-4_241.

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Steenbergen, Peter J., Michael K. Richardson, and Danielle L. Champagne. "The Light–Dark Preference Test for Larval Zebrafish." In Neuromethods. Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-597-8_2.

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Hillhouse, Todd, and Adam Prus. "Conditioned Place Preference Test for Assessing the Rewarding Effects of." In The Brain Reward System. Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1146-3_13.

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Sullivan, Jas M. "Race, Identity, and Candidate Support: A Test of Implicit Preference." In African-American Political Psychology. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114340_8.

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Scherma, Maria, Liana Fattore, Walter Fratta, and Paola Fadda. "Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) in Rats: From Conditioning to Reinstatement Test." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0884-5_20.

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Araujo, Juliana, Caio Maximino, Thiago Marques de Brito, et al. "Behavioral and Pharmacological Aspects of Anxiety in the Light/Dark Preference Test." In Neuromethods. Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-597-8_14.

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Kalboussi, Sabrine, Slim Bechikh, Marouane Kessentini, and Lamjed Ben Said. "Preference-Based Many-Objective Evolutionary Testing Generates Harder Test Cases for Autonomous Agents." In Search Based Software Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39742-4_19.

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Galand, Lucie, and Brice Mayag. "A Heuristic Approach to Test the Compatibility of a Preference Information with a Choquet Integral Model." In Algorithmic Decision Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67504-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Test preference"

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Halpern, Joseph Y., and Evan Piermont. "A Representation Theorem for Causal Decision Making." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/39.

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We show that it is possible to understand and identify a decision maker’s subjective causal judgements by observing her preferences over interventions. Following Pearl [2000, DOI: doi.org/10.1017/S0266466603004109 ], we represent causality using causal models (also called structural equations models), where the world is described by a collection of variables, related by equations. We show that if a preference relation over interventions satisfies certain axioms (related to standard axioms regarding counterfactuals), then we can define (i) a causal model, (ii) a probability capturing the decision-maker’s uncertainty regarding the external factors in the world and (iii) a utility on outcomes such that each intervention is associated with an expected utility and such that intervention A is preferred to B iff the expected utility of A is greater than that of B. In addition, we characterize when the causal model is unique. Thus, our results allow a modeler to test the hypothesis that a decision maker’s preferences are consistent with some causal model and to identify causal judgements from observed behavior.
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Winfrey, John W. "Setting the Color Straight." In SSPC 2014 Greencoat. SSPC, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2014-00067.

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Abstract For years, accelerated weathering test equipment has been utilized to showcase performance of coatings as a means to justify changing to new and “better” materials. While an accelerated weatherometer is useful in confirming a material’s performance, the results can be misleading in certain situations, resulting in misguided decisions based on a marketing department’s zeal to secure additional sales. This paper shares test results from two different accelerated methodologies prescribed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and compares those results to natural daylight exposure in an attempt to help set the facts straight on how to benefit from accelerated weathering to better understand long-term durability with respect to ultraviolet light exposure and help debunk myths regarding performance based data driven solely by accelerated exposure results. Accelerated test selection will be discussed, as well as statistical validation for accelerated method preference to natural sunlight results.
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Moore, Jennifer, Vic Keasler, and Brian Bennett. "Compatibility of Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) and Ammonium Bisulfite (ABS)." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10407.

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Abstract A number of individual products or combination products for hydrostatic test applications are available depending on the conditions of the water and the preference of the operator. These products are most often oxygen scavengers, biocides and corrosion inhibitors. Recent reports have alluded to incompatibles existing between certain biocides and sulfite oxygen scavengers. In this paper the compatibility of the biocide tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and the oxygen scavenger ammonium bisulfite (ABS) were explored. Performance testing of both the biocide in the presence of the oxygen scavenger and the oxygen scavenger in the presence of biocide are reported.
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Ali, Mohammed, and Ali Al-Beed. "Titanium Ribbon Anode Grid Type Cathodic Protection System for above Ground Storage Tank Bottoms with Double Containment - A Case Study." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99289.

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Abstract Due to the recent regulatory requirements of using double containment for hazardous liquid storage tanks, grid type impressed current cathodic protection systems for the protection of bottom undersides, are a relatively new phenomenon. Design details of such a system is discussed and the problems encountered during the commissioning and operation of the system for a large tank farm in our company are described. Trouble-shooting and testing methodology including failed reference electrodes, “IR” drop error in potential measurements and imbalance in current and potential distribution with recommended corrective action are also provided. The conclusions include the preference to use stepless rectifier units for continuous control, a perforated tube installed between the liner and tank bottom for test reference electrode insertion, use of 100 millivolt potential decay criterion for protection and an average cathodic protection current density in the range of 0.25-0.60 mA/ft2 for protection of steel bottom underside.
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Pritchard, James, John Tritschler, Ryan Wallace, John O'Connor, and David Arteche. "Characterization of Pilot Strategy for Simulated Shipboard Approaches with Realistic Ship Motion." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11463.

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The shipboard environment presents significant challenges to pilots' workload, in particular during the approach and land tasks. This research focuses on fixed-base, pilot-in-the-loop rotorcraft flight simulations to examine the workload and the available visual cueing of seven test pilots with extensive operational and test experience. This research separated the approach and landing task into distinct simulation runs to investigate and identify the characteristics of the individual handing qualities and parameters for each task. The approach task was flown to a stationary LHA while the landing task was flown to a moving DDG. Coupled with the landing task was the additional component of a position capture and hover maneuver within the simulation run. During the approach task to the LHA it was seen that the pilot experienced insufficient line up and deceleration cueing as they neared the ship. Separating the approach from the landing showed that one flight control response is not sufficient for the two different shipborne tasks. Pilot scan strategy is based on their preference to pick up visual cueing. During landing to a moving ship pilots use two separate reference frames to hover/land. Although scan strategies vary between pilots, line-up and positional visual cueing is paramount to complete the task.
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Yan, Jing Nathan, Tianqi Liu, Justin Chiu, et al. "Predicting Text Preference Via Structured Comparative Reasoning." In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.541.

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Harless, Nikki, John Shingledecker, Kyle Stoodt, Kevin Cwiok, and Anand Kulkarni. "Impact of Three Additive Manufacturing Techniques on Microstructure and Creep Damage Development in Alloy 718." In AM-EPRI 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0338.

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Abstract Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy known for its excellent combination of high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability. Additive Manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized traditional manufacturing processes by enabling the creation of complex and customized components. In this work, three prominent AM techniques: Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), Wire Direct Energy Deposition (DED), and Binder Jet (BJ) processes were explored. A thorough metallographic analysis and comparison of samples was conducted after short-term creep testing originating from each of the three aforementioned techniques in addition to wrought material. Detailed electron microscopy unveiled equiaxed grains in both BJ and wrought samples while PBF samples displayed elongated finer grain structures in the build direction, characteristic of PBF. The DED samples revealed a more bimodal grain distribution with a combination of smaller equiaxed grains accompanied by larger more elongated grains. When assessing the three processes, the average grain size was found to be larger in the BJ samples, while the PBF samples exhibited the most significant variation in grain and sub-grain size. Number density, size, and shape of porosity varied between all three techniques. Post-creep test observations in PBF samples revealed the occurrence of wedge cracking at the failure point, accompanied by a preference for grain boundary creep void formation while BJ samples exhibited grain boundary creep void coalescence and cracking at the failure location. In the DED samples, void formation was minimal however, it seemed to be more prevalent in areas with precipitates. In contrast, the wrought sample showed void formation at the failure site with a preference for areas with primary carbide formation. Despite BJ samples demonstrating similar or even superior rupture life compared to other AM techniques, a noteworthy reduction in rupture ductility was observed. While a coarse, uniform grain size is generally linked to enhanced creep resistance and rupture life, the combination of pre-existing voids along grain boundaries and the formation of new voids is hypothesized to accelerate rapid fracture, resulting in diminished ductility. This research shows careful consideration is needed when selecting an AM technology for high- temperature applications as creep behavior is sensitive to the large microstructural variations AM can introduce.
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Wu, Wenhao, Wei Li, Xinyan Xiao, Jiachen Liu, and Sujian Li. "InstructEval: Instruction-Tuned Text Evaluator from Human Preference." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.799.

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Sheng, Jenny, Matthieu Lin, Andrew Zhao, et al. "Exploring Text-to-Motion Generation with Human Preference." In 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw63382.2024.00195.

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Sun, Haoyuan, Bo Xia, Yifei Zhao, Yongzhe Chang, and Xueqian Wang. "Positive Enhanced Preference Alignment for Text-to-Image Models." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10890823.

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Reports on the topic "Test preference"

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Díaz Escobar, Ana María, Luz Magdalena Salas Bahamón, Claudia Piras, and Agustina Suaya. What Job Would You Apply to?: Findings on the Impact of Language on Job Searches. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004856.

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This study tests four "light touch" interventions in the language used in job posts of male- dominated occupations to attract female workers using a discrete choice experiment. This experiment had more than 5000 participants from five Latin American countries. We test two possible mechanisms: the gender-stereotypes related to job skills and the use of inclusive language. We find that language matters, and men and women value information and inclusive language in job advertisements. However, women are more sensitive in this regard. We test the effect of simply aggregating irrelevant, but additional words to the job ad, and find that when the inclusive language in the ad is subtle, the effect of having more words is very important. But it decreases when the language signals a strong preference for an inclusive work environment. These findings highlight the importance of language and the type of information presented in job advertisements in attracting a gender-balanced workforce.
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Martinez, Kimberly D., and Gaojian Huang. Exploring the Effects of Meaningful Tactile Display on Perception and Preference in Automated Vehicles. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2164.

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There is an existing issue in human-machine interaction, such that drivers of semi-autonomous vehicles are still required to take over control of the vehicle during system limitations. A possible solution may lie in tactile displays, which can present status, direction, and position information while avoiding sensory (e.g., visual and auditory) channels overload to reliably help drivers make timely decisions and execute actions to successfully take over. However, limited work has investigated the effects of meaningful tactile signals on takeover performance. This study synthesizes literature investigating the effects of tactile displays on takeover performance in automated vehicles and conducts a human-subject study to design and test the effects of six meaningful tactile signal types and two pattern durations on drivers’ perception and performance during automated driving. The research team performed a literature review of 18 articles that conducted human-subjects experiments on takeover performance utilizing tactile displays as takeover requests. Takeover performance in these studies were highlighted, such as response times, workload, and accuracy. The team then conducted a human-subject experiment, which included 16 participants that used a driving simulator to present 30 meaningful vibrotactile signals, randomly across four driving sessions measuring for reaction times (RTs), interpretation accuracy, and subjective ratings. Results from the literature suggest that tactile displays can present meaningful vibrotactile patterns via various in-vehicle locations to help improve drivers’ performance during the takeover and can be used to assist in the design of human-machine interfaces (HMI) for automated vehicles. The experiment yielded results illustrating higher urgency patterns were associated with shorter RTs and higher intuitive ratings. Also, pedestrian status and headway reduction signals presented shorter RTs and increased confidence ratings compared to other tactile signal types. Finally, the signal types that yielded the highest accuracy were the surrounding vehicle and navigation signal types. Implications of these findings may lie in informing the design of next-generation in-vehicle HMIs and future human factors studies on human-automation interactions.
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Borger, Michael, Gregory Elacqua, Isabel Jacas, Christopher Neilson, and Anne Sofie Westh Olsen. Report Cards: Parental Preferences, Information and School Choice in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004933.

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This paper studies school choice and information in the context of education markets in rural Haiti. Using a market level randomized control trial, we evaluate the aggregate effect of providing test score information on subsequent test scores, prices, and enrollment. After the intervention, we find that private schools have higher test scores, with an average increase of 0.3 standard deviations in treated markets. However, we are unable to detect significant changes to prices and market shares. These findings suggest that providing information in poor education markets can improve market efficiency and benefit children's welfare.
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Crawford, Ian. Power and Predictive Success in Revelaed Preference Tests. The IFS, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/ps.ifs.2024.1031.

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Elacqua, Gregory, and Leonardo Rosa. Teacher transfers and the disruption of Teacher Staffing in the City of Sao Paulo. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004737.

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This paper analyzes preferences for certain school attributes among in-service teachers. We explore a centralized matching process in the city of Sao Paulo that teachers must use when transferring schools. Because teachers have to list and rank their preferences for schools, we can estimate the desirability of school attributes using a rank-ordered logit model. We show that the schools distance from the teachers home, school average test scores, and teacher composition play a central role in teacher preferences. Furthermore, we show that preferences vary according to teacher characteristics, such as gender, race, age, and academic subject.
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Nagahi, Morteza, Raed Jaradat, Simon Goerger, et al. The impact of practitioners’ personality traits on their level of systems-thinking skills preferences. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45791.

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In this study, we used a structural equation modeling method to investigate the relationship between systems engineers and engineering managers’ Systems-Thinking (ST) skills preferences and their Personality Traits (PTs) in the domain of complex system problems. As organizations operate in more and more turbulent and complex environments, it has become increasingly important to assess the ST skills preferences and PTs of engineers. The current literature lacks studies related to the impact of systems engineers and engineering managers’ PTs on their ST skills preferences, and this study aims to address this gap. A total of 99 engineering managers and 104 systems engineers provided the data to test four hypotheses posed in this study. The results show that the PTs of systems engineers and engineering managers have a positive impact on their level of ST skills preferences and that the education level, the current occupation type, and the managerial experience of the systems engineers and engineering managers moderate the main relationship in the study.
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (&lt;1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
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Harari, Ally R., Russell A. Jurenka, Ada Rafaeli, and Victoria Soroker. Evolution of resistance to mating disruption in the pink bollworm moth evidence and possible mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598165.bard.

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t The pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiellais a key pest of cotton world-wide. In Israel mating disruption sex pheromone is used in all cotton fields and recent repeated outbreaks of the pest populations has suggested a change in the population sex pheromone characteristics. The research goals were to (1) determine the change in pheromone characteristic of PBW females after long experience to Mating Disruption (MD), (2) to test the male’s antennae response (EAG) to pheromone characteristics of laboratory, naive females, and of field collected, MD experienced females, (3) to analyse the biosynthetic pathway for possible enzyme variations, (4) to determine the male behavioural response to the pheromone blend involved in the resistance to MD. The experiments revealed that (1) MD experienced females produced pheromone blend with higher ZZ ratio than lab reared (MD naive females) that typically produced ZZ:EE ratio of 1:1. (2) Male’s origin did not affect its response to pheromone characteristics of lab or field females. (3) A transcriptome study demonstrated many gene-encode enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, but some of the transcripts were produced in differing levels in the MD resistant populations. (4) Male origin (field or lab) influenced males’ choice of mate with strong preference to females sharing the same origin. However, when MD was applied, males of both populations were more attracted to females originated form failed MD treated fields. We conclude that in MD failed fields a change in the population mean of the ratio of the pheromone components had occurred. Males in these fields had changed their search “image” accordingly while keeping the wide range of response to all pheromone characteristics. The change in the pheromone blend is due to different level of pheromone related enzyme production.
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Burdman, S., E. Welbaum, R. Walcott, and B. Zhao. erial fruit blotch, elucidating the mechanisms of fruit infection by Acidovorax citrulli. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134162.bard.

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Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli. BFB affects cucurbit production worldwide, and mainly watermelon and melon. Most A. citrulli strains are divided into two genetically differentiated groups: while group I strains have been mainly associated with melon and other non-watermelon cucurbits, group II strains are more aggressive on watermelon. Like many Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria, A. citrulli relies on a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) for pathogenicity. The T3SS is responsible for direct secretion of bacterial protein effectors to the host cell. Type III-secreted effectors (T3Es) contribute to virulence through manipulation of the host cell metabolism and suppression of plant defense. Our previous collaboration showed that group I and II strains significantly differ in their T3E arsenal (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Phytopathology 2014, 104:1152-1162). Using comparative genomics, we also showed that group I and II strains of A. citrulli have substantial differences in their genome content (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Front. Microbiol. 2016, 7:430). Our long-term goals are to identify the genetic determinants that contribute to virulence and host preferential association of the two major groups of A. citrulli, and to exploit these insights to develop effective BFB management strategies. We hypothesize that differences in the arsenal of T3Es, are greatly responsible for the differences in host preferential association between strains belonging to the two groups. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) to investigate the susceptibility of cucurbit species to group I and II strains under field conditions; (2) to assess the contribution of T3Es and other virulence factors to A. citrulli virulence and host preference; and (3) to characterize the mechanisms of action of selected T3Es of A. citrulli. In the frame of objective 1, we carried out three field experiments involving inoculation of several cucurbit crops (watermelon, melon, pumpkin and squash) with group I and II strains. Findings from these experiments confirmed that A. citrulli strains exhibit a preference for watermelon and melon. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time under field conditions, host-preferential association of group I and II strains to melon and watermelon, respectively. While host-preferential association was observed in leaves and in fruit tissues, it was more pronounced in the latter. In this part of the project we also developed a duplex PCR assay to differentiate between group I and II strains. In the frame of objective 2, we employed a multifaceted approach combining bioinformatics and experimental methods to elucidate the T3E arsenal of A. citrulli. These experiments led to discovery that A. citrulli strains possess large arsenals with more than 60 T3E genes. Remarkably, we found that ~15% of the T3E genes are group-specific. Advances were achieved on the contribution of selected T3E genes and other virulence determinants to the ability of A. citrulli to colonize the fruit and other tissues of melon and watermelon. Last, in the frame of objective 3, we advanced our understanding on the mode of action of few key T3Es of A. citrulli. We also optimized a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for functional genomics in melon and watermelon. This system will allow us to test melon and watermelon genes that may have defense or susceptibility roles related to BFB disease. Overall, this collaboration substantially enriched our knowledge on basic aspects of BFB disease. We believe that the fruits of this collaboration will greatly contribute to our ultimate goal, which is generation of durable resistance of melon and watermelon to A. citrulli.
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Thorne, Sarah, David Kovacs, Joseph Gailani, and Burton Suedel. A community engagement framework using mental modeling : the Seven Mile Island Innovation Lab community engagement pilot—Phase I. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44983.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) engages and collaborates with multiple stakeholders—from agency partners, to public, private, and not-for-profit organizations, to community residents—to develop its dredged-sediment long-term management strategy (LTMS) that expands benefi-cial-use (BU) practices. In spring 2019, USACE collaborated with Decision Partners, the USACE–Philadelphia District Operations Division, The Wetlands Institute, and the Engineering With Nature program leadership to adapt, test, and refine the proven behavioral-science-based processes, methods, and tools based on Decision Partners’ Mental Modeling Insight, or MMI, approach for engaging stakeholders, including community members, as part of the Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory (SMIIL) initiative in coastal New Jersey. The team identified key community stakeholders and conducted research to better understand their values, interests, priorities, and preferences regarding wetlands and USACE activities in the Seven Mile Island area and those activities’ effects on wetlands, including protecting the environment, wildlife habitat, aesthetic beauty, maintaining navigability, and supporting coastal resilience. Understanding stakeholder needs, values, interests, priorities, and preferences is key to designing effective engagement strategies for diverse communities for SMIIL and provides a foundation for the community engagement framework currently being developed for application across USACE.
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