Academic literature on the topic 'Test voltage signal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Test voltage signal"
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Yang, Jie, Jingang Wang, Ruixi Luo, Can Gao, Li Songnong, and Zhou Kongjun. "Simulation Test System of Non-Contact D-dot Voltage Transformer." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 17, no. 2 (2016): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2015-0193.
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Abstract The development trend of future voltage transformer in smart grid is non-contact measurement, miniaturization and intellectualization. This paper proposes one simulation test system of non-contact D-dot transformer for voltage measurement. This simulation test system consists of D-dot transformer, signal processing circuit and ground PC port. D-dot transformer realizes the indirect voltage measurement by measuring the change rate of electric displacement vector, a non-contact means (He et al. 2004, Principles and experiments of voltage transformer based on self-integrating D-dot probe. Proc CSEE 2014;15:2445–51). Specific to the characteristics of D-dot transformer signals, signal processing circuits with strong resistance to interference and distortion-free amplified sensor output signal are designed. WIFI wireless network is used to transmit the voltage detection to LabVIEW-based ground collection port and LabVIEW technology is adopted for signal reception, data processing and analysis and other functions. Finally, a test platform is established to simulate the performance of the whole test system of single-phase voltage transformer. Test results indicate that this voltage transformer has sound real-time performance, high accuracy and fast response speed and the simulation test system is stable and reliable and can be a new prototype of voltage transformers.
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Živanović, Dragan, Milan Simić, Zivko Kokolanski, Dragan Denić, and Vladimir Dimcev. "Generation of Long-time Complex Signals for Testing the Instruments for Detection of Voltage Quality Disturbances." Measurement Science Review 18, no. 2 (2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2018-0007.
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Abstract Software supported procedure for generation of long-time complex test sentences, suitable for testing the instruments for detection of standard voltage quality (VQ) disturbances is presented in this paper. This solution for test signal generation includes significant improvements of computer-based signal generator presented and described in the previously published paper [1]. The generator is based on virtual instrumentation software for defining the basic signal parameters, data acquisition card NI 6343, and power amplifier for amplification of output voltage level to the nominal RMS voltage value of 230 V. Definition of basic signal parameters in LabVIEW application software is supported using Script files, which allows simple repetition of specific test signals and combination of more different test sequences in the complex composite test waveform. The basic advantage of this generator compared to the similar solutions for signal generation is the possibility for long-time test sequence generation according to predefined complex test scenarios, including various combinations of VQ disturbances defined in accordance with the European standard EN50160. Experimental verification of the presented signal generator capability is performed by testing the commercial power quality analyzer Fluke 435 Series II. In this paper are shown some characteristic complex test signals with various disturbances and logged data obtained from the tested power quality analyzer.
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Wei, Dexin, Chongyou Wu, Lan Jiang, Gang Wang, and Hui Chen. "Design and Test of Sensor for Monitoring Corn Cleaning Loss." Agriculture 13, no. 3 (2023): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030663.
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At present, Chinese corn grain harvesters lack cleaning loss monitoring. Cleaning parameters cannot be automatically adjusted, and the loss rate is high. In view of the above problems, a cleaning loss monitoring sensor is designed, composed of a metal impact plate, piezoelectric ceramic and signal processing circuit. The factors affecting the characteristics of vibration signals are analyzed from the material, size and other aspects. The sensitive plate is composed of a 304 stainless steel impact plate and piezoelectric ceramic. The sensitive plate can convert the vibration signal of the impact plate into a voltage signal, and the output voltage range can reach ±3 V or more. The signal generated by the collision of corn kernel and damaged corn cob with the sensitive plate was analyzed.It was found that the frequency domain range of corn grains was wider, with signals above 6 kHz, but broken corncobs did not have such signals. Based on the frequency distribution, a signal processing circuit is designed, which consists of high-pass filter circuit, an envelope detection circuit, and a voltage comparison circuit. The circuit can convert analog signals into pulse signals, which facilitates the counting process by the microprocessor. In order to obtain the monitoring accuracy and installation parameters of the integrated corn cleaning loss monitoring sensor, a Central Composite Design was carried out with the installation height and angle of the sensitive plate as the test factors and monitoring accuracy as the test index. Based on the test results and field test conditions, a regression model was established to determine the optimal installation parameters: the installation angle of the sensitive plate is 30°, and the installation height is 30 cm. At this stage, the accuracy of the sensor monitoring corn grains was 92.82%, and the accuracy of monitoring the mixture of corn grains and broken corncobs was 90.07%. The verification test shows that the monitoring accuracy can reach more than 94% after the sensor is debugged. This research can provide a reference for the design of corn cleaning loss monitoring devices.
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Li, Linao, and Xinlao Wei. "Power Interference Suppression Method for Measuring Partial Discharges under Pulse Square Voltage Conditions." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093437.
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Partial discharge (PD) is an important metric for the insulation diagnosis of power equipment. However, its detection is affected by the strong electromagnetic interference generated by pulse square voltage. We therefore propose a power interference suppression method for partial discharges under pulse square voltage based on a quadratic measurement method. We conduct analysis of the topology circuit when partial discharge occurs in the insulation test sample and introduce the basic principle of the secondary measurement method according to the superposition principle and the linear relationship between the square voltages at different peak values. We verify the feasibility of this method by simulating a PD signal with power interference. Subsequently, we use the successive interception comparison method to solve the non-correspondence of the two initial measurement points problem and design and manufacture the transformer turn-to-turn oil-paper insulation test sample and experimental tank. By measuring the PD starting voltage of the insulation test sample under the power frequency voltage, we determined the first measurement voltage under the pulse square voltage and obtained the signal x1(t) to subsequently measure the PD signal x2(t). According to the proposed successive interception comparison method, the signal x1(t) is processed, and the secondary measurement method suppresses the power interference of the measured signal x2(t). We demonstrate that the proposed method effectively suppresses the power interference in PD detection under a pulse square voltage.
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Vučković, Mladen, Vladimir Popović, Djura Oros, Veran Vasić, and Darko Marčetić. "Low Voltage Induction Motor Traction Drive Self-Commissioning Technique with the Advanced Measured Signal Processing Procedure." Energies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061700.
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In this paper, the enhanced auto-tuning technique based on the injection of two sinusoidal test signals of different frequencies applicable on the low voltage induction motor self-commissioning process is presented. The main feature of the proposed technique resides in the advanced signal processing of measured IM voltage and current signals based on the cascaded delay signal cancelation structure. This processing algorithm enables the filtering of the symmetry-related fundamental harmonic from the non-symmetrical test signal excitation typical for the self-commissioning process. Based upon the steady-state response from the proposed filtering block, the simple yet effective calculation method derives the complete parameter set of the IM equivalent circuit. The technique is validated through the variety of computer simulations and experimental tests on the digitally controlled low voltage IM traction drive.
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Yang, Jing Gang, Yong Yong Jia, Zhi Cheng Zhou, and Jun Hao Li. "The Measurement System of Partial Discharge under Impulse Voltage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1046.
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Partial discharge (PD) is the important detection parameter for power equipment, with the development of high voltage test technology, PD detection under impulse voltage is more attention. In order to detect the partial discharge signal under the impulse voltage, this paper designs a high-frequency current sensor and broadband measurement impedance. A set of partial discharge measurement system under impulse voltage is built up. The frequency characteristics of current sensor and measurement impedance are detected. In order to test the measurement system, the PD signals of a needle defect under impulse voltage is detected, the test results show that the PD measurement system can detect the PD signals effectively.
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Li, Zhi Jian, Xiao Li Zhao, Qiu Sheng Liu, and Jing Bin Wang. "The Study on the Test Model about the Electromagnetic Inductive Communicating Signal Quality." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1055.
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The article analyzes the quality checkout methods of different signals, carrying on the concrete analysis at the concrete characteristic about the signal of electromagnetic inductive communicating. Analyze the quality circumstances of waveform with the input / export signal contrast, and environmental influencing factors like power supply voltage and metal environment, transmission distance and electromagnetic environment could lead to transmit without thread fail, Get a mathematical model which can directly perceived the signal quality state with the threshold value law establishment.
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Zaratuyiko, A., A. Kobozev, and I. Smilyansky. "USE OF FEATURES OF THE TRANSIENT PROCESS OF THE SIGNAL OF THE TOTAL INSTANTANEOUS POWER OF THE THREE-PHASE NETWORK FOR DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC TIME CONSTANT OR POWER FACTOR OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM." Sciences of Europe, no. 146 (August 8, 2024): 47–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13267870.
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The features of the transient process of the signal of the total instantaneous power of three phases for quickly determining the time constant (power factor) of electrical networks are considered. The possibility of eliminating the direct input of voltage into the decision device by using a test voltage signal is shown. The structure of a microprocessor device for determining the overheating temperature of IMs during frequent starts is presented.
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Shen, Jui-Hsieh, C. M. Ettles, and H. A. Scarton. "The Analysis of Thermoelectric Signals in Metallic Sliding." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 1 (1989): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261860.
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The thermoelectric signal from an Alumel pin sliding over a steel surface was recorded and analyzed. The load, speed and surface topography were varied and correlations were attempted of the voltage signal against several parameters. The average temperature of the whole contact was found to agree fairly consistently with the surface temperature rise models of Blok and Archard. Of the available methods of signal analysis, the power spectrum of the voltage signal was found to give the best understanding of the micro-mechanisms of sliding, particularly when compared against the power spectra of profilometer signals. The largest component of the temperature signal was found to be caused by wavelength components equal to the extent of the contact. The correlation distance β* of the test surfaces was much less than the contact extent and contributed negligibly to the voltage signal rise.
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Zheng, Meizhu, Yanzhi Zhang, Haiyang Lv, and Chuan Xiao. "Front-End Circuit for Photomultiplier Tube Signal Readout Based on Recognition of Traffic Signal Images." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 18, no. 11 (2023): 1366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3516.
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Photoelectric sensing technology plays a crucial role in vehicular equipment, which is equipped with various photoelectric devices to perceive the surrounding environment and avoid traffic lights and vehicles. This research selects the Hamamatsu H9500, a 256-channel, position-sensitive photomultiplier tube, as the test unit. It aims to simplify signal readout while improving the spatial resolution of the photodetector. This research focuses on designing a charge distribution circuit named Discretized Positioning Circuit (DPC) for the photomultiplier tube, with an additional charge-sensitive front-end amplification and shaping circuit. This circuit can convert the weak current signals from the H9500 into voltage signals. The shaping part of the circuit employs an active CR-RC circuit with weak signal amplification capabilities. This circuit is deployed within the photomultiplier tube, strategically positioned on vehicles to recognize various traffic sign images. The front-end shaping circuit is tested in the experiments, which converts square wave voltage into pulse current using a capacitor. It is observed that the current signal has a certain width and the voltage waveform of the CR differential circuit can be obtained by increasing the input impedance to 1 MΩ. During input voltage amplitude testing, the corrected output signal voltage shows a good linear relationship with the input square wave voltage. This designed front-end shaping circuit is used for signal readout in photomultiplier tubes and deployed in vehicular equipment to collect image information of traffic signs. After image processing, satisfactory recognition results are achieved.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Test voltage signal"
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Aouini, Sadok. "Extending test signal generation using sigma-delta encoding beyond the voltage/amplitude domain." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104477.
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This thesis extends signal generation techniques using sigma-delta encoding principles for synthesizing test signals of all types. In fact, sigma-delta encoding is used to generate repeatable and programmable noise-like signals; phase domain signals such as accurate phase offsets, sinusoidal and Gaussian jitter; and frequency domain signals used for accurate frequency synthesis. For the synthesis of noise-like signals, a Gaussian noise with the desired frequency characteristic is encoded in the voltage/amplitude domain in software using sigma-delta modulation. The resulting sequence of bits is then captured and applied cyclically to an analog filter to reconstruct the noise-like signal with the desired frequency spectrum (e.g. spectrum with a notch for noise-power ratio test). Moreover, a novel bit-to-bit mapping algorithm that converts digital signals to either phase or frequency, is proposed. A digital-to-time conversion (DTC) algorithm is used to convert a digital signal to the phase domain; likewise, a digital-to-frequency conversion (DFC) algorithm is used to convert a digital signal to the frequency domain. The DTC or DFC conversion algorithm is implemented in software together with the sigma-delta encoding process in order to digitally encode a phase or frequency domain signal. The resulting bit sequence with the desired phase or frequency signal is then captured and applied cyclically to an analog time/frequency-mode reconstruction filter. The time/frequency-mode filtering is realized by a PLL structure with the desired phase/frequency domain transfer function. All signal generation schemes (amplitude, noise, phase and frequency) consist of a digital bit-stream with the desired signal encoded and a reconstruction filtering device in the appropriate domain. Using the proposed techniques and circuits, robust, programmable, repeatable, and portable test signals in the amplitude, phase, and frequency domains can be synthesized at low-cost. Although the techniques are demonstrated in a production test environment using a commercial mixed-signal tester, the methodology can be implemented in any testing environment: production test, characterization test, design-for-test (DFT), or built-in self-test (BIST).<br>Cette thèse étend les techniques de génération de signal se basant sur les principes d'encodage sigma-delta pour la synthèse de tous les types de signaux de test. En effet, l'encodage sigma-delta est utilisé pour générer de façon répétable et programmable des signaux ressemblant au bruit; des signaux dans le domaine de la phase, tel que des délais précis et gigue d'horloge sinusoïdale et Gaussienne; et des signaux dans le domaine fréquentielle utilisés pour une synthèse précise de fréquence.Pour la synthèse de signaux ressemblant au bruit, un bruit Gaussien avec le spectre désiré est encodé dans le domaine voltage/amplitude en software en utilisant la modulation sigma-delta. La séquence de bits résultante est par la suite capturée et appliquée cycliquement à un filtre analogique afin de reconstituer le signal de bruit avec les caractéristiques spectrales désirées (ex. une entaille dans la bande de fréquence pour le test de rapport de puissances de bruit).De plus, un nouvel algorithme de transformation bit-par-bit convertissant les signaux numériques au domaine de phase ou de fréquence est proposé. Un algorithme de conversion numérique-à-temps (CNT) est utilisé pour convertir un signal numérique au domaine de la phase, de la même manière, une conversion numérique-à-fréquence (CNF) est utilisée pour convertir un signal numérique au domaine fréquentielle. Les deux algorithmes de conversion CNT et CNF sont implantés en software conjointement avec le processus d'encodage sigma-delta, encodant ainsi de façon numérique le signal désiré dans le domaine de phase ou de fréquence. La séquence de bits résultante encodant le signal désiré dans la phase ou la fréquence est par la suite capturée et appliquée cycliquement à un de filtre de reconstruction de mode temps/fréquence. Le filtre de mode temps/fréquence est réalisé à l'aide d'une structure de boucle à verrouillage de phase ayant la fonction de transfert désiré.Toutes les méthodologies de génération de signaux (amplitude, bruit, phase et fréquence) consistent en un train de bits encodant le signal désiré et un dispositif de filtrage de reconstruction dans le domaine approprié. Utilisant les techniques et circuits proposés, des signaux de test robustes, programmables, répétables et portables peuvent être synthétisé à un coût relativement bas. Malgré que les techniques de test sont démontrés seulement dans un environnement de production utilisant un testeur à signaux mixtes commercial, la méthodologie quant à elle peut être implantée dans tous les environnements de test : test en production, conception pour le test (DFT) et test intégré (BIST).
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Deobarro, Mikaël. "Etude de l'immunité des circuits intégrés face aux agressions électromagnétiques : proposition d'une méthode de prédiction des couplages des perturbations en mode conduit." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0002/document.
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Avec les progrès technologiques réalisés au cours de ces dernières décennies, la complexité et les vitesses de fonctionnement des circuits intégrés ont beaucoup été augmentées. Bien que ces évolutions aient permis de diminuer les dimensions et les tensions d’alimentations des circuits, la compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) des composants a fortement été dégradée. Identifiée comme étant un verrou technologique, la CEM est aujourd’hui l’une des principales causes de « re-design » des circuits car les problématiques liées aux mécanismes de génération et de couplage du bruit ne sont pas suffisamment étudiées lors de leur conception.Ce manuscrit présente donc une méthodologie visant à étudier la propagation du bruit à travers les circuits intégrés par mesures et par simulations. Afin d’améliorer nos connaissances sur la propagation d’interférences électromagnétiques (IEM) et les mécanismes de couplage à travers les circuits, nous avons conçu un véhicule de test développé dans la technologie SMOS8MV® 0,25 µm de Freescale Semiconductor. Dans ce circuit, plusieurs fonctions élémentaires telles qu’un bus d’E/S et des blocs numériques ont été implémentées. Des capteurs de tensions asynchrones ont également été intégrés sur différentes alimentations de la puce pour analyser la propagation des perturbations injectées sur les broches du composant (injection DPI) et sur les conducteurs permettant d’alimenter ce dernier (injection BCI). En outre, nous proposons différents outils pour faciliter la modélisation et les simulations d’immunité des circuits intégrés (extraction des modèles de PCB, approches de modélisation des systèmes d’injection, méthode innovante permettant de prédire et de corréler les niveaux de tension/ de puissance injectés lors de mesures d’immunité conduite, flot de modélisation). Chaque outil et méthode de modélisation proposés sont évalués sur différents cas test. Enfin, pour évaluer notre démarche de modélisation, nous l’appliquons sur un bloc numérique de notre véhicule de test et comparons les résultats de simulations aux différentes mesures internes et externes réalisées sur le circuit<br>With technological advances in recent decades, the complexity and operating speeds of integrated circuits have greatly increased. While these developments have reduced dimensions and supply voltages of circuits, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of components has been highly degraded. Identified as a technological lock, EMC is now one of the main causes of circuits re-designs because issues related to generating and coupling noise mechanisms are not sufficiently studied during their design. This manuscript introduces a methodology to study propagation of electromagnetic disturbances through integrated circuits by measurements and simulations. To improve our knowledge about propagation of electromagnetic interferences (EMI) and coupling mechanisms through integrated circuits, we designed a test vehicle developed in the SMOS8MV® 0.25µm technology from Freescale Semiconductor. In this circuit, several basic functions such as I/O bus and digital blocks have been implemented. Asynchronous on-chip voltage sensors have also been integrated on different supplies of the chip to analyze propagation of disturbances injected on supply pins and wires of the component (DPI and BCI injection). In addition, we propose various tools to facilitate modeling and simulations of Integrated Circuit’s immunity (PCB model extraction, injection systems modeling approaches, innovative method to predict and correlate levels of voltage / power injected during conducted immunity measurements, modeling flow). Each tool and modeling method proposed is evaluated on different test cases. To assess our modeling approach, we finally apply it on a digital block of our test vehicle and compare simulation results to various internal and external measurements performed on the circuit
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Liu, Meng-Yao, and 劉孟堯. "Extreme Voltage Stress Test of Analog/Mixed Signal ICs for Reliability Enhancement." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67615990735943596106.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>93<br>The framework of extreme-voltage stress test system has been developed to reduce the lost yield caused by gate-oxide defects. However, the framework was developed for the gate-oxide defects that assume with 1/E model, where such a defect model is applicable for the oxide thickness above 5nm. For practical designs with the process of .18 um or below, the oxide thickness is less than 5nm, and thus the defect model with 1/E model may not be applicable accurately. In this study, the defect model with E model will be considered, where the oxide thickness is ranged between 2.7nm to 18.1nm. Therefore, the lifetime and failure rate of intrinsic oxide breakdown can be predicted for a given stress condition.
This thesis demonstrates the methodology that generates the stress vector and deals with stressability enhancement of portions of the circuit having poor stressability. A stressability enhancement strategy using additional hardware is also presented.
In order to demonstrate the developed stress test generation process, we demonstrates the applications of such process to both CMOS SRAM and PLL. It will show that both circuits may pass the conventional Iddq-tests in the presence of gate-oxide defects that occur at some transistors, causing a low reliability. Therefore, semiconductor manufacturers need to take alternative stress tests, expensive burn-in tests, to enhance gate-oxide reliability. However, with the developed stress test vectors, both circuits are fully stressed. As a result, the circuit can achieve a full gate-oxide reliability under the extreme-voltage stress tests without the need of the expensive burn-in tests.
Book chapters on the topic "Test voltage signal"
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Chen, Li-an, Mengqian Guo, Yongxin Jiang, Xi Chen, and Yiping Chen. "Identification Method of VT Ferroresonance Fault Based on Improved CEEMD and WOA-RF." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4856-6_10.
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Abstract In order to solve the shortcoming of the low accuracy of ferroresonance fault identification of voltage transformers (VT) by the traditional microcomputer harmonic suppression device, the T-test and variance contribution rate were introduced to form an improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (ICEEMD) method, and an identification method of VT ferroresonance fault based on ICEEMD feature extraction, kernel principal components analysis (KPCA) feature reduction, and random forest (RF) construction optimized by the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was proposed. Firstly, taking the 10 kV neutral point non-grounded system as an example, the zero-sequence voltage signals under different working conditions of the distribution network are taken as input samples. Secondly, the ICEEMD was used to extract the feature of the signal, and the KPCA was used to reduce the feature dimension to form the sample set with the best feature dimension. Finally, the WOA was used to optimize the RF parameters to determine the optimal parameters, built a VT ferroresonance fault identification model, and classify the sample set. Experimental results show that the ICEEMD can effectively extract zero-sequence voltage signal features under different working states, and the accuracy of the proposed fault identification method reaches 98.33%.
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Ming, Qiaohong, Yangyang Wang, and Meiyu Zong. "Research on EMC Simulation of Electric Drive System of Electric Engineering Machinery." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_18.
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AbstractIn order to suppress the electromagnetic interference in electric construction machinery, improve the stability and safety of the vehicle on the influence factors of electric construction machinery EMC system analysis, electric drive system due to the internal power electronic equipment for a long time in the high voltage, high current conditions and become the main influence factors of electric construction machinery EMC. The main methods to reduce electromagnetic interference of electric drive system grounding, shielding and filtering are expounded, which leads to the emulated research of EMC simulation of electric drive system of electric engineering machinery. The equivalent circuit model of battery, electronic control, motor and test system is established, and the low-pass filter composed of inductor and capacitor is designed. And the combined three electric system, test system, filter circuit composed of the model of simulation analysis, with or without filter input current, different frequencies of input and output voltage signals compared, the results show that adding filter can effectively improve the conducted interference, the use of RLC filter composed of four RLC components, can effectively improve the signal low frequency bias and high frequency distortion.
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Gustavsen, Bjørn, Ariana Martins, Carlos A. Sá, et al. "Small Signal Internal Voltage Transfer Measurements and White-Box Transient Calculations for Non-standard Test Conditions of a Shell-Form Power Transformer." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5600-5_15.
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Zhang, Ying, Yaoheng Li, Jiayang Chen, Xinzhe Zhao, Keyu Guo, and Yangjun Zheng. "A Method for Extracting Low Speed Rotor Position of PMSM by Inject High Frequency Square Wave Voltage in Synchronous Rotating Coordinate System." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde240290.
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Generally studied extraction methods of rotor position in low speed condition usually superimpose high frequency rotary sinusoidal voltage or pulse sinusoidal voltage on the fundamental signal. These two methods need to process the response current obtained by the high frequency voltage excitation through the band-pass filter(BPF) and the low-pass filter (HPF). The use of filters can cause time delay, reduce the highest frequency range that can be transmitted between the input and output signals of the control system. As a result, the extracted low speed rotor position lags behind the rotor position information detected by the actual position sensor. Thereby affecting the control system dynamic response speed. To avoid this impact, it is considered to replace high frequency rotary sinusoidal voltage or pulse sinusoidal voltage form with the square wave voltage form to extract information at low speed condition. This avoids the use of filters with its unique signal extraction method. A simulation model is established to test the effect of rotor position extraction algorithm after replacing the voltage form. Analysis of simulation results prove that the proposed method can converge in a short time and narrow the lag and value error between the rotor position information detected by the actual position sensor and the extracted low speed rotor position.
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Koch, Christof. "Linearizing Voltage-Dependent Currents." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0016.
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We hinted several times at the fact that a small excitatory synaptic input in the presence of voltage-dependent channels will lead to a local depolarization, followed by a hyperpolarization. Those of us who built our own radios will recognize such an overshooting response as being indicative of so-called RLC circuits which include resistances, capacitances as well as inductances. As a reminder, a linear inductance is defined as a circuit element whose instantaneous I—V relationship is, where L is the inductance measured in units of henry (abbreviated as H). Although neurobiology does not possess any coils or coillike elements whose voltage is proportional to the current change, membranes with certain types of voltage- and time-dependent conductances can behave as (/they contained inductances. We talk of a phenomenological inductance, a phenomenon first described by Cole (1941) and Cole and Baker (1941) in the squid axon (see Cole, 1972). Under certain circumstances, discussed further below, such damped oscillations can become quite prominent. This behavior can be obtained in an entirely linear system, as can be observed when reducing (in numerical simulations) the amplitude of the synaptic input (or step current): even though the voltage excursion around steady-state becomes smaller and smaller, the overshoot persists. It is not due to any amplification inherent in such a membrane but is caused by its time- and voltage-dependent nature. Such a linear membrane, whose constitutive elements do not depend on either voltage or time, and which behaves like a bandpass element, has been called quasi-active (Koch, 1984) to distinguish it from a truly active, that is, nonlinear membrane. In this chapter, we will explain in considerable detail how an inductance-like behavior can arise from these membranes by linearizing the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Experimentally, this can be done by considering the small-signal response of the squid giant axon and comparing it against the theoretical predicted value, a further test of the veracity of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, which they passed with flying colors.
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Okafor, Patrick Uche, Ndidi Stella Arinze, Osondu Ignatius Onah, and Ebenezer Nnajiofo Ogbodo. "Development of Solar-Powered Microcontroller-Relay-Based Control System Omnidirectional Wheelchair." In Handbook of Research on 5G Networks and Advancements in Computing, Electronics, and Electrical Engineering. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6992-4.ch007.
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A solar-powered omnidirectional wheelchair is implemented for physically challenged persons. The framework was mounted on the wheels that were connected with two direct current (DC) motors. The ratings of the battery and solar module were determined using system voltage (12V). A 7,805-voltage regulator was used to supply 5VDC to the AT89352 microcontroller. The microcontroller was programmed to provide a reference signal to the motor. The motor provides the needed torque to drive the wheels through interconnected relays. The relays are energized by the microcontroller and omnidirectional movement achieved through relays connected with microprocessor and micro switches, eliminating the need for joysticks and complex control mechanisms. System performance test result showed that the auxiliary solar power supply of the wheelchair increased the travel range by approximately 86% compared with that of a wheelchair powered by battery alone.
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Zhang, Ying, Tuo Wang, Cunsheng Jiang, Hongqian Wang, and Li Feng. "A Sensor Waveform Conversion Management System." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220490.
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The management system consists of a sensor waveform conversion system, a fault handling detection system, and a switching execution system. In this paper, the integration circuit is used for waveform transformation, the elimination of the offset voltage of the amplification circuit, and the integration compensation in feedback control. And we collect data from each state of the system under test, and use the redundant fault-tolerant system to manage and warn the system status to verify the effectiveness of the model. Combined with the waveform generation circuit and the waveform transformation circuit, the output of the signal generator is connected to the input of the integration circuit. The function of the waveform transformation system is to transform one waveform into another waveform, which can convert the square wave into a triangular wave. The redundant fault tolerance model proved to be effective on this management system, that is, the redundant fault-tolerant system has good generalization and can be implemented in the aerospace scene.
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Marzuki, Arjuna. "Inventions of Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits." In Advances in Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits for Wireless Systems. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-886-4.ch010.
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This chapter deals with the concept of first time right IC. A development of subsystems for wireless application is used as test case. The subsystems are Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), Medium Power Amplifier (MPA) and Variable Signal Generator (VSG). Several issues such as suitable multiband design flow and high speed switch must be solved. A new design methodology of integrated circuits for multiband application is presented. The design methodology is modified from a typical Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) flow. Core based design, parasitic aware approach and power constrained optimization are introduced into the new design flow. The same core circuit topology is used as main block to design 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz LNA and MPA. A power constrained optimization is applied to a test case amplifier i.e. broadband amplifier to get the optimized RF performance. The optimization is simulation-based technique. A 0.15 µm 85 GHz PHEMT is used in designing the LNA, MPA and broadband amplifier. This chapter also introduces the inventions of Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), Mixer, Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA), Power Amplifiers (PA) and Transmit-Receive Switch (T/R). These circuits are crucial components for RF and Microwave front-end integrated circuits. The elements of inventions of circuits are clearly explained. The inventions reflect the requirement or the need of solving current problem using available technology.
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Made Wartana, I., and Ni Putu Agustini. "Optimal Integration of Series and Shunt FACTS with Wind Energy for Active Power Loss Reduction." In Renewable Energy - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107296.
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The integration of wind energy (WE) with flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices into the grid to improve grid performance is one of the latest advances in renewable energy (RE) technology. This work proposes the optimal placement and size of a WE, a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) with two of FACTS controller, viz. thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) static var compensator (SVC). The goal is to maximize system bus load (Max. LBS) and minimize active power loss (Min. Ploss) by satisfying various safety and stability constraints. Newton Raphson\'s power flow study involving TCSC, SVC, and DFIG is a bi-objective that meets multiple constraints: lines, generation, voltage limits, and small signal stability. A variant of the genetic algorithm, non-dominated sorting GA II (NSGA-II), was applied to solve the contradictory bi-objective optimization problem. A modified standard and practical test system, the IEEE 14-bus and the Indonesia Java Bali 24-bus, integrated with DFIG, TCSC, and SVC, were simulated to investigate the efficacy of the suggested technique. The simulation shows that the optimal placement and size of DFIG with both FACTS can improve system performance with all system loading conditions and meet all system constraints.
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Swargiary, Devkant, Joydeep Paul, Ruhul Amin, and Hemashree Bordoloi. "Eye Ball Detection Using Labview and Application for Design of Obstacle Detector." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8493-5.ch008.
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Eye ball detection can be used for controlling certain applications. In this chapter, we describe the formulation of an eye ball detection system for design of an obstacle detection and avoidance technique. The obstacle detector is used with a vehicle and works by determining the location of an obstacle in the vicinity of a test object. The obstacle's distance is gauged from the test object in terms of corresponding voltages. The system uses image processing to detect the eye of the driver. If the eye of the driver is closed for a longer period than the threshold period then the image processing block sends a signal to the sensor which automatically takes control of the test vehicle.
Conference papers on the topic "Test voltage signal"
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Lee, Sukho, and Kristofor Dickson. "Lock-in Amplifier Applications for Fault Isolation." In ISTFA 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0377.
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Abstract This paper describes how lock-in amplifiers and boxcar averaging can overcome limitations in conventional fault isolation techniques for microelectronic testing. Our approach achieves superior results compared to traditional spectrum analyzer methods through three key applications. First, we measure the signal-to-noise ratio of individual pulses during laser voltage tracing (LVT) across varying pulse widths. Second, we leverage enhanced LVT imaging to improve computer-aided design to stage alignment and laser voltage probe placement—a crucial advancement for analyzing compressed scan and streaming scan network test failures. Finally, we present a case where our Lock-In amplifier system successfully generates pass/fail signals for dynamic laser stimulation in scenarios where conventional test hardware proved inadequate.
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Christiansen, Joel T., Jeremy A. Walraven, Flora A. Coleman, Edmund H. Smith, and Edward I. Cole. "Heterogeneous Integrated Failure Analysis Using Radio Frequency Signal Detection/Injection with Power Spectrum Analysis." In ISTFA 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0501.
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Abstract The rise of 2.5D and 3D heterogeneous integrated devices presents unique challenges for failure analysis, as traditional 2D analysis techniques prove inadequate due to chip stacking, layer interconnects, die obscuration, and limited access to test points. While various non-destructive techniques—including 3D X-ray imaging, lock-in thermography, magnetic field imaging, and optical beam methods—offer partial solutions, each has specific limitations. We present a novel defect localization approach using radio frequency electromagnetic (EM) emanations, implemented in two ways: detecting EM signals emitted by the device under controlled input conditions, or measuring induced voltage responses to signals injected via a scanning antenna. The technique employs scanning magnetic or electric field antennas to generate 2D or 3D electromagnetic maps revealing current and electric continuity patterns, enabling detection of shorts (additional current paths) or opens (blocked current paths). By incorporating power spectrum analysis (PSA) at each scan point, our method—designated as EM antenna PSA (EMAPSA) or EM injection PSA (EMIPSA)—provides comprehensive defect detection capabilities for 3D heterogeneous integration failure analysis.
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Pagano, Mark A., and Shashi B. Lalvani. "Corrosion of Mild Steel in Seawater Subjected to Alternating Voltages." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92395.
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Abstract Relatively little information is available on corrosion of materials in marine environment under the influence of AC fields. In this study, corrosion caused by sinusoidal alternating voltage (AV) fields in 1018 carbon steel is investigated by: (i) immersion tests, (ii) DC polarization experiments, and (iii) characterization of corrosion products. The experimental data show that under the influence of alternating voltage (60 Hz) applied between carbon steel and a platinum mesh counter electrode, the corrosion rate of the carbon steel increases with the applied voltage then decreases as the peak voltage is increased in the range of 100-600mV. However, with a further increase in the voltage beyond 600mV, the corrosion rate is observed to increase exponentially. It is speculated that the decrease in the corrosion rate is related to a passivation phenomena brought about by an increase in the pH of the diffusion layer. The influence of the pH on the carbon steel corrosion properties is also investigated. The effect of frequency of AV signal on corrosion rate is also determined and discussed.
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Legat, A., and V. Doleček. "Corrosion Monitoring System Based on Measurements and Analysis of Electrochemical Noise." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94319.
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Abstract A corrosion monitoring system using electrochemical noise measurements and their numerical analysis is described. Electrochemical noise was measured in a freely corroding system containing three identical metal electrodes. A voltage signal generated by the first pair of electrodes and a current signal generated by the second pair were measured and the data fed into a computer. A mathematical model including signal processing and pattern recognition was developed and implemented in computer software. Analysis of the electrochemical noise enabled determination of the corrosion rate and the corrosion type. The reliability of the corrosion monitoring system was tested with various reference methods (visual inspection, SEM analysis, I vs E curves, electrical resistance). Tests were performed on steel and aluminium in aqueous solutions of various pH and conductivity values.
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Leban, M., V. Doleček, A. Legat, and V. Kuhar. "Comparison of ECN Measurements and Analysis During the SCC Processes on Stainless Steel under Different Mechanical Conditions." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99202.
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Abstract Electrochemical noise measurements have been performed on electrodes made from the same piece of stainless steel, of type AISI 304. Potential and current noise were measured under open circuit conditions in a three-electrode system, where one of the electrodes was kept under the load and acted as a common working electrode. Two types of electrode set-ups were used, differing in the method of load application. In the first case the common electrode was in the shape of a U-bend (under a static, undefined load), whereas in the second case the common electrode was subjected to a constant, slowly increasing stress (the SSRT test). The first type of test was performed in a concentrated magnesium chloride solution at an elevated temperature. In order to detect the time when cracks initiated, the probes were dismantled daily, and examined visually using an optical microscope. SSRT tests were performed in diluted sodium thiocyanate solution with or without additions of chlorides. Electrochemical voltage and current noise and changes of stress and elongation were measured simultaneously. During the latter part of both types of tests, significant simultaneous spikes of voltage and current noise were observed. The spikes detected during the SSRT test were correlated with drops in stress and sudden increases in elongation. After the measurements had been performed, several characteristic time series (cracking non-active and cracking active) were subjected to spectral and chaos analysis. So far, analysis of such non-stationary signals, in particular of electrochemical systems (a U-bend exposed to a concentrated magnesium chloride solution) during uniform corrosion, cannot yet provide any satisfactory explanation of the complex mechanisms of stress-corrosion cracking processes.
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Mergelas, Brian, David Atherton, and Keith Morton. "Inspection of Prestressing Windings in Concrete Pressure Pipe." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99534.
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Abstract A new method capable of inspecting the prestressing windings in concrete embedded-cylinder pressure pipe for breaks is described and results from field tests presented. The method exploits aspects of the remote field eddy current (RFEC) through-wall transmission technique, used for conducting tubulars and an additional transformer coupling effect. Laboratory tests have been conducted in 400 and 600 mm pipe and field tests in 1.2 and 2.4 m concrete embedded cylinder pressure pipes. Signal logs are analysed using the standard RFEC voltage plane polar plot. Detection of even single breaks in the prestressing winding has been demonstrated. The relatively small tool can access large diameter pipes through standard 500 mm manhole. Scanning speeds of 35 m/min have been used.
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Huet, François, and Stefan Ritter. "Electrochemical Noise Measurements with Dummy Cells: Evaluation of a Round-Robin Test Series." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11040.
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Abstract Round-robin (RR) tests on electrochemical noise (EN) measurements with dummy cells have been performed in the European Cooperative Group on Corrosion Monitoring of Nuclear Materials since 2006. Dummy cells are composed of three resistors of equal value connected in a ‘star' arrangement and employed in the conventional three electrode EN measurement setup using a zero-resistance ammeter. The use of dummy cells has the advantage of measuring voltage and current noise signals of reproducible amplitude contrary to corroding systems. The arrangement provides a well-defined source impedance and noise level, thereby allowing the testing of the noise level and sensitivity of the measuring instrument, which is a potentiostat in most cases. Although the resistors used in the dummy cell generate thermal noise of very low level, as low as for passive electrodes, it is not expected that all instruments will be able to measure this noise. From the results of the three RR tests performed between 2014 and 2017 that are presented, it may be concluded that small improvements could be observed compared to the very first RR campaigns, but that still only few commercially available instruments are able to perform fully valid electrochemical noise measurements and that better guidance to the users of such instruments is needed.
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Wang, Shuo-Hui, Guan-Hong Liou, Yen-Yu Su, and Mark Po-Hung Lin. "IR-aware Power Net Routing for Multi-Voltage Mixed-Signal Design." In 2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8715166.
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Sunter, Stephen, and Aubin Roy. "A Mixed-Signal Test Bus and Analog BIST with 'Unlimited' Time and Voltage Resolution." In 2011 16th IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ets.2011.22.
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Nolan, Eric C., Mohsen Safaei, and Steven R. Anton. "Evaluation of SHM With the Electromechanical Impedance Method Using a High Voltage Excitation Signal in High Frequencies." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5556.
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Abstract Structural health monitoring (SHM) has originally been used for static structures. With the development of high-speed data acquisition technology, SHM systems can monitor structures in seconds. Advanced SHM systems for use in dynamic environments require operation in the microsecond timescale. One promising approach is the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique. The EMI method monitors the impedance of a structure, and damage is indicated by changes in the impedance. Standard impedance measuring hardware are not practical for microsecond detection due to their slow sampling speeds. Faster impedance measuring techniques have been developed and allow for customizable excitation signals. Researchers have also considered taking measurements at higher frequencies to decrease the measurement time. Past works indicate sensitivity to damage is limited above 600 kHz. The goal of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of the EMI method to damage with a high voltage excitation signal. It was hypothesized that increasing the voltage would increase damage sensitivity at higher frequencies. In this study, the amplitude of the excitation signal was increased using a high frequency voltage amplifier. A PZT disk bonded to a cantilevered aluminum beam was used as the test structure. Damage was created by decreasing the length of the beam. Finite element (FE) simulation was also employed to achieve a better understanding of the experiment. From the results of the experiment and FE model, using a higher excitation voltage has proven not to increase the sensitivity level of the EMI method. Higher voltages do improve the precision of the measurement by increasing the signal to noise ratio.
Reports on the topic "Test voltage signal"
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Khan, Asad, Angeli Jayme, Imad Al-Qadi, and Gregary Renshaw. Embedded Energy Harvesting Modules in Flexible Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-008.
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Energy from pavements can be harvested in multiple ways to produce clean energy. One of the techniques is electromagnetic energy harvesting, in which mechanical energy from vehicles is captured in the form of input displacement to produce electricity. In this study, a rack-and-pinion electromagnetic energy harvester proposed in the literature as a speed bump is optimized for highway-speed vehicles. A displacement transfer plate is also proposed, with a minimum depth of embedment in the pavement to carry input displacements from passing vehicles and excite the energy harvester. The energy harvester was designed, and kinematic modeling was carried out to establish power–output relations as a function of rack velocity. Sensitivity analysis of various parameters indicated that, for high-speed applications where rack velocities are relatively high, small input excitations could be harnessed to achieve the rated revolutions per minute (RPM) of the generator. A set of laboratory tests was conducted to validate the kinematic model, and a good correlation was observed between measured and predicted voltages. Dynamic modeling of the plate was done for both recovery and compression to obtain the plate and rack velocities. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the plate was designed for a class-9 truck with wide-base tires moving at 128 km/h. Design and layout of the energy harvester with a displacement transfer plate was proposed for field validation. The energy harvester with the displacement plate could be integrated with transverse rumble strips in construction zones and near diversions. Hence, it could be used as a standalone system to power roadside applications such as safety signs, road lights, speed cameras, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) systems.