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Journal articles on the topic 'Testable conception'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 July 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gunitsky, Seva. "Rival Visions of Parsimony." International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 3 (2019): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz009.

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Abstract“Parsimony” is a vague and divisive concept in political science. I identify three distinct but often conflated conceptions of parsimony. The aesthetic conception emphasizes a theory's elegance and clarity; the ontological conception, drawing upon the hard sciences, posits that the world is governed by simple fundamental laws. Neither applies in international relations theory or to social science more broadly. Instead, only the epistemological conception—abstracting from reality to highlight recurring patterns and build testable propositions—justifies parsimony. This view is not a naiv

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2

KAN, STEVEN S. "ENTREPRENEURSHIP, TRANSACTION COSTS, AND SUBJECTIVIST ECONOMICS." Journal of Enterprising Culture 01, no. 02 (1993): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495893000099.

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While researches along the lines of Austrian, Buchanan, and Coase’s teachings are thriving recently, they are not united. We show that conceptions of entrepreneurship and transaction costs are generally ambiguous regarding important exchange relationships because they are limited to the consideration of one-sided individual choices only. It is argued in the paper that the completion of an exchange necessarily involves at least two individuals acting in the role of the entrepreneur. In addition, transaction costs are subjective and cannot be treated as production or transportation costs. The pa

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3

Deutsch, David, Artur Ekert, and Rossella Lupacchini. "Machines, Logic and Quantum Physics." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 6, no. 3 (2000): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/421056.

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§1. Mathematics and the physical world. Genuine scientific knowledge cannot be certain, nor can it be justified a priori. Instead, it must be conjectured, and then tested by experiment, and this requires it to be expressed in a language appropriate for making precise, empirically testable predictions. That language is mathematics.This in turn constitutes a statement about what the physical world must be like if science, thus conceived, is to be possible. As Galileo put it, “the universe is written in the language of mathematics”. Galileo's introduction of mathematically formulated, testable th

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4

Wikander, Richard. "Parsimony and testability: a reply to Dunbar." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 3 (1985): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-102.

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Dunbar (M. J. Dunbar. 1980. Can. J. Zool. 58: 123–128) argues that both the principle of parsimony and testability of scientific hypotheses are unnecessary and even on occasion undesirable features of scientific investigation. These conclusions are based on examination of selected events in the history of science, major innovations, or discoveries which Dunbar argues might never have happened had the investigators responsible for them been constrained by considerations of parsimony and testability. It is argued here that (1) Dunbar has confused the initial conception of an idea or a hypothesis

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5

Green, Leslie. "Support for the System." British Journal of Political Science 15, no. 2 (1985): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400004129.

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So-called ‘general theory’, or ‘systems theory’, is now nearly friendless among political scientists. The charm it once held as an ordering framework for empirical research has given way to that of the economic models of the rational choice school. While the successor paradigm was self-consciously reacting against the ‘over-socialized’ conception of man underlying systems theory and political sociology in general, much of its broader appeal was founded on similar claims: the promise of a testable, empirical theory, and an aspiration to complete generality. Perhaps these two goals will turn out

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Hodin, Jason, Matthew C. Ferner, Gabriel Ng, Christopher J. Lowe, and Brian Gaylord. "Rethinking competence in marine life cycles: ontogenetic changes in the settlement response of sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 6 (2015): 150114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150114.

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Complex life cycles have evolved independently numerous times in marine animals as well as in disparate algae. Such life histories typically involve a dispersive immature stage followed by settlement and metamorphosis to an adult stage on the sea floor. One commonality among animals exhibiting transitions of this type is that their larvae pass through a ‘precompetent’ period in which they do not respond to localized settlement cues, before entering a ‘competent’ period, during which cues can induce settlement. Despite the widespread existence of these two phases, relatively little is known abo

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Cariani, Peter. "Different Roles for Multiple Perspectives and Rigorous Testing in Scientific Theories and Models: Towards More Open, Context-Appropriate Verificationism." Philosophies 7, no. 3 (2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7030054.

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A form of context-appropriate verificationism is proposed that distinguishes between scientific theories as evolving systems of ideas and operationally-specified, testable formal-empirical models. Theories undergo three stages (modes): a formative, exploratory, heuristic phase of theory conception, a developmental phase of theory-pruning and refinement, and a mature, rigorous phase of testing specific, explicit models. The first phase depends on Feyerabendian open possibility, the second on theoretical plausibility and internal coherence, and the third on testability (falsifiability, predictiv

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8

Niiniluoto, Ilkka. "Unification and Abductive Confirmation." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 31, no. 1 (2016): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.13084.

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According to the traditional requirement, formulated by William Whewell in his account of the “consilience of inductions” in 1840, a scientific hypothesis should have unifying power in the sense that it explains and predicts several mutually independent phenomena. Variants of this notion of consilience or unification include deductive, inductive, and approximate systematization. Inference from surprising phenomena to their theoretical explanations was called abduction by Charles Peirce. As a unifying theory is independently testable by new kinds of phenomena, it should also receive confirmatio

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9

Tovar-Gálvez, Julio César, and Germán Antonio García Contreras. "Epistemología de la tecnología y sus implicaciones didácticas: estudio de concepciones de estudiantes de ingenierías / Epistemology of Technology and its Educational Implications: Study of Engineering Students Conceptions." Revista Internacional de Tecnología, Ciencia y Sociedad 5, no. 1 (2016): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-revtechno.v5.464.

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ABSTRACTThis paper rises as research problem of the relationship between epistemology and education of technology. We present three objectives: a) construction of a proposed epistemology of technology, b) identification of the conceptions of technology has a group of engineering students, through a survey, and c) the approach of a model for teaching-learning technology. The findings determine: a) an epistemological model for technology from the paradigm of complexity, b) that conceptions of mainly students take science as true knowledge, theoretical and empirical testable, with an application

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ARNETT, PETER A., FIONA H. BARWICK, and JOE E. BEENEY. "Depression in multiple sclerosis: Review and theoretical proposal." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, no. 5 (2008): 691–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617708081174.

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Because of its high prevalence and implications for quality of life and possibly even disease progression, depression has been intensively studied in multiple sclerosis (MS) over the past 25 years. Despite the publication of numerous excellent empirical research papers on this topic during that time, the publication of theoretical work that attempts to explain depression in a comprehensive way is scarce. In this study, we present a theoretical model that attempts to integrate existing work on depression in MS and provide testable hypotheses for future work. The model suggests that risk for dep

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11

Rocha, João Batista Teixeira, Nilda Vargas Barbosa, Maria Rosa Schetinger, and Maria Ester Pereira. "A concepção sobre a natureza do conhecimento científico de estudantes e professores do ensino médio da região de Santa Maria: influência de um curso baseado na resolução de problemas." Ciência e Natura 22, no. 22 (2000): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x27113.

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Nowadays, science education has been extensively criticized mainly due to the fact that teaching science procedures have not allowed the formation of individuals that use science knowledge to solve problems on their daily lives. The low quality of science education certainly is responsible for the stereotyped view that population has about science and scientist, and also for the inadequate conceptions about the nature of scientific knowledge.Consequently, the development of methodologies that can enhance the quality of science education are needed. In the present report, the effect of a short

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12

Smit, Harry, and Peter Hacker. "Two conceptions of consciousness and why only the neo-Aristotelian one enables us to construct evolutionary explanations." Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00591-y.

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Abstract Descartes separated the physical from the mental realm and presupposed a causal relation between conscious experience and neural processes. He denominated conscious experiences ‘thoughts’ and held them to be indubitable. However, the question of how we can bridge the gap between subjective experience and neural activity remained unanswered, and attempts to integrate the Cartesian conception with evolutionary theory has not resulted in explanations and testable hypotheses. It is argued that the alternative neo-Aristotelian conception of the mind as the capacities of intellect and will

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13

Gok, Sebahat, and Robert L. Goldstone. "How do students reason about statistical sampling with computer simulations? An integrative review from a grounded cognition perspective." Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 9, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41235-024-00561-x.

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AbstractInteractive computer simulations are commonly used as pedagogical tools to support students’ statistical reasoning. This paper examines whether and how these simulations enable their intended effects. We begin by contrasting two theoretical frameworks—dual processes and grounded cognition—in the context of people’s conceptions about statistical sampling, setting the stage for the potential benefits of simulations in learning such conceptions. Then, we continue with reviewing the educational literature on statistical sampling simulations. Our review tentatively suggests benefits of the

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14

Shevchenko, Sergey, and Vladimir Tokarevsky. "The Informational Conception and Basic Physics." http://viXra.org/abs/1503.0077 , March 30, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16494.

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In our previous arXiv papers (“The Information and the Matter”, v1, v5; more systematically the informational conception is presented in the paper “The Information as Absolute”, 2014) it was rigorously shown that Matter in our Universe – and Universe as a whole - are some informational systems (structures), which exist as uninterruptedly transforming [practically] infinitesimal sub-sets of the absolutely infinite and fundamental “Information” Set. Such a conception allows not only to clear essentially a number of metaphysical and epistemological proble

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15

Hanisch, Susan, and Dustin Eirdosh. "Educational potential of teaching evolution as an interdisciplinary science." Evolution: Education and Outreach 13, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12052-020-00138-4.

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AbstractEvolution education continues to struggle with a range of persistent challenges spanning aspects of conceptual understanding, acceptance, and perceived relevance of evolutionary theory by students in general education. This article argues that a gene-centered conceptualization of evolution may inherently limit the degree to which these challenges can be effectively addressed, and may even precisely contribute to and exacerbate these challenges. Against that background, we also argue that a trait-centered, generalized, and interdisciplinary conceptualization of evolution may hold signif

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16

Neumärker, Bernhard. "Neuroeconomics and the Economic Logic of Behavior." Analyse & Kritik 29, no. 1 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2007-0105.

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AbstractRecent neuroeconomic studies challenge the conventional economic logic of behavior. After an introduction to some starting points of brain research in ‘classical’ economics we discuss the final and contingent causes of rational and irrational behavior in neuroeconomics and standard economics and present the concept of expanded rationality models (ERM) which imports neuroeconomic elements like emotions, beliefs and neuroscientific constraints and exports improved testable predictions. The typical structure of neuroeconomic proof of economic models and the imprecise neuroscientific measu

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17

Fitch, W. Tecumseh, and Rebecca Barnstaple. "Dance as mindful movement: a perspective from motor learning and predictive coding." BMC Neuroscience 25, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12868-024-00894-9.

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AbstractDefining “dance” is challenging, because many distinct classes of human movement may be considered dance in a broad sense. Although the most obvious category is rhythmic dancing to a musical beat, other categories of expressive movement such as dance improvisation, pantomime, tai chi, or Japanese butoh suggest that a more inclusive conception of human dance is needed. Here we propose that a specific type of conscious awareness plays an overarching role in most forms of expressive movement and can be used to define dance (in the broad sense). We can briefly summarize this broader notion

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18

Naidoo, Meshandren. "What does it mean to be an agent?" Frontiers in Psychology 14 (October 17, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1273470.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has posed numerous legal–ethical challenges. These challenges are particularly acute when dealing with AI demonstrating substantial computational prowess, which is then correlated with agency or autonomy. A common response to considering this issue is to inquire whether an AI system is “conscious” or not. If it is, then it could constitute an agent, actor, or person. This framing is, however, unhelpful since there are many unresolved questions about consciousness. Instead, a practical approach is proposed, which could be used to better regulate new AI technologies.

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19

Tobias, A. Wagner-Altendorf. "Conceptual and Empirical Pinpointing of Consciousness." August 22, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319520.

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Consciousness is targeted by both philosophers and neuroscientists; but different methodological premises and even different conceptions about what conscious experience is and how the challenges and potential problems associated with consciousness research should be formulated underlie the different approaches. Namely, whereas empirical data and the constant refinement of experimental procedures to expand and modify this body of empirical data and resulting empirical theories are crucial to neuroscience, the significance of empirical knowledge to philosophy is less clear: Although empirical da

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20

Chisari, Maria. "Testing Citizenship, Regulating History: The Fatal Impact." M/C Journal 14, no. 6 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.409.

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Introduction In October 2007, the federal Coalition government legislated that all eligible migrants and refugees who want to become Australian citizens must sit and pass the newly designed Australian citizenship test. Prime Minister John Howard stated that by studying the essential knowledge on Australian culture, history and values that his government had defined in official citizenship test resources, migrants seeking the conferral of Australian citizenship would become "integrated" into the broader, "mainstream" community and attain a sense of belonging as new Australian citizens (qtd. in

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