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Soares, Paulo Cardoso, Silvaneide Ferreira, Luisa Lina Villa, and Delcio Matos. "Identificação do papilomavírus humano em doentes com carcinoma de células escamosas do canal anal e sua relação com o grau de diferenciação celular e estadiamento." Revista Brasileira de Coloproctologia 31, no. 1 (March 2011): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-98802011000100002.
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OBJETIVO: Identificar os tipos de papilomavírus humano (HPV) nos portadores de carcinoma do canal anal (CCA), relacionando-os ao grau de diferenciação celular e estadiamento da lesão, em pacientes do Belém, Pará, entre 1998 e 2000. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de caso-controle com 75 pacientes, divididos em: Grupo Teste, com 33 portadores de carcinoma do canal anal, e o Grupo Controle, com 42 portadores de doenças não-neoplásicas do canal anal. Os tipos virais foram identificados por PCR e dot blot. O teste exato de Fischer foi utilizado para avaliar a ocorrência de HPV. Adotou-se a tabela de contingência 3x2 para representar a distribuição dos tipos de HPV. Nos testes de hipóteses, foi prefixado o nível de significância α=0,05 para a rejeição da hipótese de nulidade. RESULTADOS: A prevalência do HPV foi significante entre os Grupos Teste (60,6%) e Controle (26,2%) (p=0,0027). Os tipos virais mais comuns foram 16 (42,4%) e 18 (15,2%). Observaram-se diferenças entre grupos na prevalência do HPV 16 (p=0,027) e 18 (p=0,043) no Grupo Teste, e o tipos 16 (19,0%,) e 18 em (2,4%) no Grupo Controle. No Grupo Teste, avaliou-se a distribuição dos tipos de HPV em relação ao estadiamento e ao grau de diferenciação celular, não apresentando diferenças estatisticamente significativas. CONCLUSÃO: O carcinoma de células escamosas do canal anal está associado à presença de HPV, e os tipos 16 e 18 são os mais frequentes
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Teixeira, Lisiane O., Valdimara C. Vieira, Fabiana N. Germano, Carla V. Gonçalves, Marcelo A. Soares, and Ana M. B. Martinez. "Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus types in women attending at University hospital in southern Brazil." Medicina (Ribeirao Preto. Online) 49, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v49i2p116-123.
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Modelo do estudo: Transversal. Objetivo do estudo: Determinar a prevalência e os genótipos do HPV em mulheres atendidas em um Hospital Universitário no Sul do Brasil. Metodologia: Foram coletadas amostras de secreções cérvico-vaginal de 200 mulheres. O HPV foi detectado pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase aninhada e os genótipos por sequenciamento. As variáveis foram analisadas pelo Teste Exato de Fisher e pelo Chi-quadrado de Pearson com o nível de significância < 5%. A força de associação foi calculada pela razão de prevalência e os seus intervalos de confiança a 95%. A análise Multivariada foi calculada pela Regressão Logística Binária para as variáveis com P <0,20. Resultados: O DNA do HPV foi detectado em 55 mulheres (27,5%). A prevalência do HPV foi associada a baixa renda (P =0,01), o início sexual precoce (P <0,001), a gestação (P = 0, 002), a infecção pelo HIV–1 (P = 0, 001) e a coilocitose no exame citopatológico (P =0,006). Houve associação entre o status sorológico para o HIV–1 e os genótipos HPV–33 (P =0,001) e HPV–68 (P <0,001). Na análise multivariada, a prevalência do HPV foi associada ao início sexual precoce (P =0,001), a infecção pelo HIV–1 (P =0,01), a gestação (P =0,02) e a coilocitose no citopatológico (P =0,01). Sobre os genótipos, 90,4% eram de alto risco oncogênico (18 HPV–18, 14 HPV–16, quatro HPV–53, três HPV–31, dois HPV–58, dois HPV–59, dois HPV–68, um HPV–33 e um HPV–52) e 9,6% de baixo risco (dois HPV–11, dois HPV–16 e um HPV– 70). Conclusões: Esse estudo teve a prevalência do HPV semelhante à prevalência descrita para esta região. Os genótipos do HPV de alto risco foram os mais prevalentes, sendo o HPV–18 o principal tipo viral encontrado
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Caetano, Rosângela, Cid Manso de Mello Vianna, Luiz Cláudio Santos Thuler, and Vania Reis Girianelli. "Custo-efetividade no diagnóstico precoce do câncer de colo uterino no Brasil." Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva 16, no. 1 (July 2006): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-73312006000100007.
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Trata-se de estudo de custo-efetividade comparando o teste de Papanicolaou com as novas tecnologias de rastreamento do câncer cérvico-uterino. Foi utilizado um modelo analítico de decisão para simular os impactos econômicos e em saúde das tecnologias de rastreamento, tendo como unidade de desfecho os casos detectados de câncer de colo uterino ou lesões precursoras de alta malignidade. As estratégias de rastreamento examinadas foram: teste de Papanicolaou; citologia em meio líquido; captura híbrida para Papilomavirus (CH-HPV); CH-HPV com autocoleta; associação do teste de Papanicolaou com CH-HPV; e associação de citologia em meio líquido com CH-HPV. O universo temporal restringiu-se a um ano. A perspectiva adotada no estudo foi a do sistema de saúde, contabilizando-se apenas os custos médicos diretos de rastreamento dos casos detectados e utilizando os valores propostos pela tabela da Classificação Brasileira Hierarquizada de Procedimentos Médicos. Estimaram-se também os preços que as tecnologias não presentes na tabela de reembolso do SUS precisariam ter para que as relações de custo-efetividade fossem, no mínimo, equivalentes ao teste de Papanicolaou. Concluiu-se que, embora o teste de Papanicolaou possa ser mais custo-efetivo, as novas estratégias de rastreamento do câncer cérvico-uterino podem vir a mostrar melhor razão de custo-efetividade na dependência dos preços praticados no setor de saúde.
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Durães, Leonardo de Castro, and João Batista de Sousa. "Câncer anal e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis: qual a correlação?" Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 37, no. 4 (August 2010): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912010000400005.
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OBJETIVO: O Câncer Anal é um tumor raro, cuja incidência é influenciada pelo comportamento sexual. O objetivo do trabalho é verificar a correlação entre o Câncer Anal e as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, como HPV, HIV, Infecção Gonocócica, Infecção por Clamídia, Sífilis e outras. MÉTODOS: Foram pesquisadas no site do Datasus as internações por Câncer Anal, HPV, HIV, Infecção Gonocócica, Infecção por Clamídia, Sífilis e outras DSTs, no SUS no Brasil, entre 1998 e 2007. O teste de correlação de Pearson foi aplicado. RESULTADOS: Há uma correlação positiva muito alta entre as internações por Câncer Anal e HPV (r = 0,98, p<0,001). Há uma correlação negativa entre as internações por Câncer Anal e as internações por Infecção Gonocócica (r = -0,81, p=0,005) e Infecção por Clamídia (r = -0,74, p=0,014). Não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre Câncer Anal e as internações por HIV (r = 0,40, p=0,245), outras DSTs (r = 0,55, p=0,1) e Sífilis (r = -0,61, p=0,059). CONCLUSÃO: Há uma correlação positiva muito alta entre as internações por Câncer Anal e HPV no Brasil. Há uma correlação negativa entre as internações por Câncer Anal, Infecção Gonocócica e Infecção por Clamídia.
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Rama, Cristina Helena, Cecilia Maria Roteli-Martins, Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain, Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Renata Clementino Gontijo, Luís Otávio Zanatta Sarian, Kari Syrjänen, and José Mendes Aldrighi. "Prevalência do HPV em mulheres rastreadas para o câncer cervical." Revista de Saúde Pública 42, no. 1 (February 2008): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102008000100016.
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OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência da infecção genital por papilomavírus humano (HPV) de alto risco por faixa etária e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra de 2.300 mulheres (15-65 anos) que buscaram rastreamento para o câncer cervical entre fevereiro de 2002 e março de 2003 em São Paulo e Campinas, estado de São Paulo. Aplicou-se questionário epidemiológico e realizou-se coleta cervical para citologia oncológica e teste de captura híbrida II. As análises estatísticas empregadas foram teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e análise multivariada pelo método forward likelihood ratio. RESULTADOS: A prevalência total da infecção genital por HPV de alto risco foi de 17,8%, distribuída nas faixas etárias: 27,1% (<25 anos), 21,3% (25-34 anos), 12,1% (35-44 anos), 12,0% (45-54 anos) e de 13,9% (55-65 anos). Participantes com maior número de parceiros sexuais durante a vida apresentaram maior freqüência da infecção. Relacionamento estável, idade de 35 a 44 anos e ex-fumantes foram associados à proteção da infecção. A infecção genital por HPV de alto risco ocorreu em 14,3% das citologias normais, em 77,8% das lesões escamosas de alto grau e nos dois (100%) casos de carcinoma. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da infecção genital por HPV de alto risco na amostra estudada foi alta. Houve predomínio de casos abaixo dos 25 anos e tendência a um novo aumento após os 55 anos, com maior freqüência naqueles com maior número de parceiros sexuais durante a vida.
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dos Santos, Jéfferson Castro, Marinês Rodrigues dos Santos Cezar, Maillene Rodrigues Lisboa, and Maria Manuela da Fonseca Moura. "Ocorrência de papilomavírus humano na cérvice uterina de mulheres da região ocidental da Amazônia Brasileira." Acta Amazonica 43, no. 2 (June 2013): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672013000200008.
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A ocorrência do papiloma vírus humano (HPV) é um problema de saúde pública, pois tem sido associado ao câncer. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar a ocorrência de papilomavírus humano na cérvice uterina de mulheres da região ocidental da Amazônia Brasileira. O estudo foi realizado na capital de Rondônia, Porto Velho. Foram identificados os tipos de HPV e resultados moleculares foram correlacionados com aqueles os testes colpocitológicos de amostras provenientes de 334 mulheres que realizaram exames preventivos no Sistema Único de Saúde. Obteve-se o material genético viral do papilomavírus humano (DNA-HPV) e o fragmento de 450 pb da região conservada do gene L1 amplificado e submetido à análise do polimorfismo dos fragmentos de restrição (RFLP). Das 334 amostras analisadas, 31% foram confirmados com a presença de material viral (DNA-HPV). Confirmou-se a existência dos tipos: HPVS-16, 18, 33, 53 e 58, que identificam o grupo de alto risco oncogênico com 72% (74/103) de ocorrência, bem como os HPVS-11, 42 e 44 pertencentes ao grupo de baixo risco oncogênico com 28% de ocorrência. Os perfis recorrentes durante o desenvolvimento da análise foram do HPV-16 e -18 com 17% e 16%, respectivamente. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que mais de 80% das amostras analisadas e que continham material viral não apresentavam nenhuma alteração celular no teste citológico, o que reforça a necessidade de se difundir o uso das técnicas moleculares em diagnósticos convencionais.
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Theler, Barbara, and Severin Läuchli. "Sexuell übertragbare Infektionen, STI." Therapeutische Umschau 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000032.
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Sexuell übertragbare Infektionen mit den Hauptmanifestationsformen der Urethritis, des genitalen Ulcus und der Genitalwarzen bedürfen einer konsequenten Diagnostik und Therapie, um ihre Verbreitung einzuschränken. Urethritiden sind am häufigsten durch Gonokokken und Chlamydien ausgelöst, wobei letztere auch paucisymptomatisch verlaufen können. Der Erregernachweis soll stets angestrebt werden mittels Direktpräparat und Kultur bzw. PCR, die gezielte antibiotische Behandlung ist in der Regel problemlos. Das Genitalulcus hat eine breite Differentialdiagnose von infektiösen und nicht-infektiösen Ursachen, am häufigsten ist die Herpes simplex Infektion. Es ist bedeutend, da es die Transmission von HIV begünstigen kann. Die Syphilis verläuft stadienhaft; während die Diagnose im Initialstadium manchmal schwierig ist, sind im weiteren Verlauf die serologischen Teste wegweisend. Genitalwarzen als Ausdruck einer HPV-Infektion können meistens einfach klinisch diagnostiziert werden. Insbesondere bei gewissen hochrisiko-Typen von HPV und bei Immunsuppression kommt eine maligne Entartung der Läsionen vor. Nebst verschiedenen destruierenden Therapieverfahren bestehen auch wirksame durch den Patienten selber lokal anzuwendende Therapien.
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Makiala-Mandanda, Sheila, Frédéric Le Gal, Nadine Ngwaka-Matsung, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Richard Onanga, Berthold Bivigou-Mboumba, Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu, et al. "High Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Viruses in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 5 (February 15, 2017): 1299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01847-16.
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ABSTRACTThe majority of patients with acute febrile jaundice (>95%) identified through a yellow fever surveillance program in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) test negative for antibodies against yellow fever virus. However, no etiological investigation has ever been carried out on these patients. Here, we tested for hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses, all of which can cause acute febrile jaundice, in patients included in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC. On a total of 498 serum samples collected from suspected cases of yellow fever from January 2003 to January 2012, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used to screen for antibodies against HAV (IgM) and HEV (IgM) and for antigens and antibodies against HBV (HBsAg and anti-hepatitis B core protein [HBc] IgM, respectively), HCV, and HDV. Viral loads and genotypes were determined for HBV and HVD. Viral hepatitis serological markers were diagnosed in 218 (43.7%) patients. The seroprevalences were 16.7% for HAV, 24.6% for HBV, 2.3% for HCV, and 10.4% for HEV, and 26.1% of HBV-positive patients were also infected with HDV. Median viral loads were 4.19 × 105IU/ml for HBV (range, 769 to 9.82 × 109IU/ml) and 1.4 × 106IU/ml for HDV (range, 3.1 × 102to 2.9 × 108IU/ml). Genotypes A, E, and D of HBV and genotype 1 of HDV were detected. These high hepatitis prevalence rates highlight the necessity to include screening for hepatitis viruses in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC.
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Marrara, Érika Ferreira. "Caracterização socioepidemiológica da população acometida pelo HPV e as dificuldades no manejo da doença / Socio-epidemiological characterization of the population affected by HPV and the difficulties in managing the disease." Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo 66, no. 1u (April 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26432/1809-3019.2020.66.007.
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Introdução: O papiloma vírus humano, ou HPV, é um vírus que infecta pele ou mucosa, transmitido por meio do contato direto, ou indireto com a área afetada. Esta infecção em sua maioria regride, porém, em seu pequeno número de casos, onde persiste, podem progredir para o câncer de colo do útero. O câncer de colo uterino é prevenível com associação a vacina e a realização de exames preventivos de rotina que detectam a lesão precursora. Objetivo: Realizar a análise socioepidemiológica do HPV, avaliar o perfil da população acometida pela doença e identificar os impactos no manejo da doença para entender como reduzir os números de casos. Materiais e métodos: O presente estudo se deu de modo descritivo realizado através de consultas de dados de bases científicas. Resultados: A técnica de citologia oncótica, como forma de rastreio do HPV e prevenção ao câncer de colo do útero, apresentou diversas limitações, como baixa a moderada sensibilidade, baixa reprodutibilidade e grande número de falso-negativos. O rastreio do HPV por PCR em tempo real apresentou-se como o método mais eficaz no diagnóstico do HPV por apresentar maior sensibilidade e eficiência para o rastreio. A educação sexual mostrou-se indispensável tanto para informações a respeito da doença, quanto para a prevenção. Discussão: São necessários investimentos no desenvolvimento de práticas para a promoção da saúde, além da campanha realizada atualmente para vacinação contra HPV, é preciso associar a campanhas de uso de preservativo e campanhas de incentivo a realização de exames de rastreamento, além da inclusão de educação sexual em escolas e abordagem pela família. Assim é possível conscientizar a população, refletindo diretamente na redução da contaminação. Conclusão: O teste de rastreamento disponibilizado na rede pública e o acesso à informação sobre medidas de prevenção se mostraram como fatores que dificultam o manejo do HPV. Ainda com todas as informações levantadas, são necessárias mais avaliações para que assim projetos mais efetivos sejam implementados para o controle do HPV.Palavras chave: HPV, Câncer de colo do útero, Teste de Papanicolaou, HPV, PCR, PapanicolaouABSTRACTIntroduction: Human papilloma virus, or HPV, is a virus that infects the skin or mucosa, transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the affected area. This infection mostly regresses, however, in its small number of cases, where it persists, it can progress to cervical cancer in women. Cervical cancer is preventable in combination with the vaccine and routine preventive examinations that detect the precursor lesion. Objective: Perform the socio-epidemiological analysis of HPV, evaluate the profile of the population affected by the disease and identify the impacts on the management of the disease for understand how to reduce number of cases. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in a descriptive way, carried out through scientific data consultations. Results: The oncotic cytology technique, as a way of screening HPV and preventing cervical cancer, presented several limitations, such as low to moderate sensitivity, low reproducibility and a large number of false negatives. HPV screening by real-time PCR was shown to be the most effective method for diagnosing HPV because it has greater sensitivity and efficiency for screening. Sex education proved to be indispensable both for information about the disease and for prevention. Discussion: Investments are needed in the development of practices for health promotion, in addition to the campaign currently carried out for vaccination against HPV, it is necessary to associate it with campaigns of condom use and campaigns to encourage the performance of screening tests, in addition to the inclusion of sexual education in schools and family approach. Thus it is possible to raise awareness among the population, directly reflecting on the reduction of contamination. Conclusion: The screening test made available on the public network and access to information on preventive measures proved to be factors that hinder the management of HPV. Even with all the information collected, more evaluations are necessary so that more effective projects are implemented for the control of HPV.Keywords: HVP, Cervical cancer, HPV Test, PCR, PAP smear
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Gonçalves Ayres, Andréia Rodrigues Gonçalves, Gulnar Azevedo e. Silva, Maria Teresa Bustamante Teixeira, Kristiane de Castro Dias Duque, Maria Lúcia Salim Miranda Machado, Carmen Justina Gamarra, and José Eduardo Levi. "Infecção por HPV em mulheres atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família." Revista de Saúde Pública 51 (October 11, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051000065.
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OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de infecção do colo do útero pelo HPV entre mulheres assistidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família e identificar os fatores relacionados à infecção. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal, no qual participaram 2.076 mulheres de 20 a 59 anos, residentes em Juiz de Fora, MG, convocadas para rastreamento organizado, realizado em unidades com a Estratégia Saúde da Família implantada. As participantes responderam ao questionário padronizado, realizando exame citológico cervical convencional e teste para HPV de alto risco oncogênico. Foram calculadas estimativas de prevalência de infecção pelo HPV segundo características selecionadas, referenciadas na literatura, relacionadas ao status socioeconômico, saúde reprodutiva e estilo de vida. RESULTADOS: A prevalência global de infecção pelo HPV foi 12,6% (IC95% 11,16–14,05). A prevalência para o pooled primer contendo 12 tipos de HPV oncogênicos (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 e 68) foi 8,6% (IC95% 7,3–9,77). Na análise multivariada, observou-se que as seguintes variáveis estavam significativamente associadas a uma maior prevalência de infecção por HPV: estado conjugal (solteira: RP ajustada = 1,40; IC95% 1,07–1,8), consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (qualquer frequência durante a vida: RP ajustada = 1,44; IC95% 1,11–1,86) e número de parceiros sexuais ao longo da vida (≥ 3: RP ajustada = 1,35; IC95% 1,04–1,74). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de infecção pelo HPV na população estudada varia de média a particularmente alta entre as mulheres jovens. A prevalência de infecção por HPV16 e HPV18 se assemelha às mundiais. Uma distribuição homogênea entre os tipos do pooled primer precederia a infecção isolada pelo HPV18 em magnitude, podendo ser a diferença maior que a observada. A identificação da prevalência de HPV de alto risco oncogênico pode auxiliar na identificação de mulheres sob maior risco de evolução para lesão preneoplásica
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Nonnenmacher, Bernadete, Vanessa Breitenbach, Luisa Lina Villa, João Carlos Prolla, and Mary Clarisse Bozzetti. "Identificação do papilomavírus humano por biologia molecular em mulheres assintomáticas." Revista de Saúde Pública 36, no. 1 (February 2002): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102002000100015.
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OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre fatores epidemiológicos e infecção genital pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal com 975 mulheres atendidas em um serviço público de rastreamento para o câncer cervical, em Porto Alegre, Brasil. As mulheres foram consideradas infectadas pelo HPV quando apresentaram o teste de DNA positivo para esse vírus, tanto pelo método de captura híbrida II (CH II) como pelo método de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Mulheres infectadas pelo HPV foram comparadas com mulheres não infectadas oriundas da mesma população. RESULTADOS: Foram estudadas 975 mulheres. A prevalência observada de HPV (pela combinação dos métodos de DNA) foi de 27%. Quando a análise de cada método de DNA foi feito isoladamente, a prevalência de HPV-DNA foi de 15% para a CH II e de 16% para PCR. Regressão logística múltipla incondicional foi utilizada na identificação dos fatores associados à infecção pelo HPV. Foi encontrada associação positiva com as seguintes variáveis: anos de escolaridade (11 anos: OR=2,05; IC95%=1,31; 3,20; referência: até oito anos de escolaridade); ser casada (OR=1,69; IC95%=0,78; 2,00; referência: ser solteira); parceiros sexuais ao longo da vida (dois parceiros: OR=1,67; IC95%=1,01; 2,77; quatro ou mais: OR=2,18; IC95%=1,15; 4,13; referência: um parceiro); idade da primeira relação sexual (15-16 anos: OR=4,05; IC95%=0,89; 18,29; referência: > ou = 22 anos). CONCLUSÕES: Vários fatores parecem estar associados à presença de infecção genital pelo HPV, especialmente aqueles referentes ao comportamento sexual (idade da primeira relação sexual, número de parceiros sexuais ao longo da vida e estado marital) e aqueles relacionados à situação socioeconômica (escolaridade).
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Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.412.
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Abstract Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.
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Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.bloodjournal812412.
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Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.
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Rahman, Md Tahminur, Rosy Sultana, and Sohel Reza Chowdhury. "Seropositivity and pattern of viral hepatitis in clinically suspected cases of hepatitis in Dhaka city." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 33, no. 3 (September 15, 2010): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v33i3.1142.
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An attempt was made to see the seropositivity and pattern of four common hepatotrophic viruses (HBV, HCV, HEV, HAV) in patients suspected to have been suffering from viral hepatitis. Blood samples from 2,995 cases of suspected HBV infection, 331 from HCV, 155 from HEV and 24 from HAV were tested for these viral markers. Of these a total of 245 (8.1%) were positive for HBsAg, 18 (5.4%) for HCV, 87 (56.1%) for HEV and 8 (33.3%) were positive for HAV infection. The predominant age group affected in HBV is 25-40 years, for HCV >61 years, HEV 26-50 years and HAV under 11 years. Seropositivity for HBsAg was statistically higher (near double) in males than females (p<0.05). HCV showed more seropositivity in males than females. HEV showed slight male preponderance and for HAV the female showed preponderance. The seropositivity rate was higher in Bangladesh in comparison to other developed and developing countries.DOI = 10.3329/bmrcb.v33i3.1142Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2007; 33: 103-106
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Girianelli, Vania Reis, Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler, Moyses Szklo, Alexandre Donato, Lucília Maria Gama Zardo, José Azevedo Lozana, Olimpio Ferreira de Almeida Neto, Aurenice Cristina Leda de Carvalho, Jorge Henrique de Matos, and Valeska Figueiredo. "Comparação do desempenho do teste de captura híbrida II para HPV, citologia em meio líquido e citologia convencional na detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero e de suas lesões precursoras no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia 50, no. 3 (September 30, 2004): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2004v50n3.2027.
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O câncer do colo do útero permanece como uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade no Brasil. Embora o exame citopatológico seja o método mais difundido mundialmente para seu rastreamento e de suas lesões precursoras, sua vulnerabilidade a erros de coleta, de preparação da lâmina e a subjetividade na interpretação dos resultados podem comprometer sua sensibilidade e especificidade. Novas técnicas vêm sendo desenvolvidas com o objetivo de melhorar a acurácia do exame citopatológico, destacando-se entre elas a citologia em meio líquido. Por outro lado, há evidências epidemiológicas e moleculares do papel do papilomavírus humano (HPV) como fator causal da neoplasia cervical, sendo possível sua detecção por meio de exames de captura híbrida. Diante disso, o Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), responsável por planejar, coordenar e implementar estratégias visando ao controle de câncer no Brasil, desenvolveu este estudo com o objetivo de comparar o desempenho do teste de captura híbrida II para o DNA do HPV, colhido por profissional de saúde (CHPS) e pela própria paciente (CHPP), com a citologia em meio líquido DNACITOLIQ (CL) e a citologia convencional (CC), na detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero ou suas lesões precursoras.
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Corsino, Paula Kathleen Demétrio, Vagner Ferreira do Nascimento, Grasiele Cristina Lucieto, Thalise Yuri Hattori, Bianca Carvalho da Graça, Mariano Martinez Espinosa, and Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças-Trettel. "EFICÁCIA DE AÇÃO EDUCATIVA COM REEDUCANDAS DE CADEIA PÚBLICA DE MATO GROSSO SOBRE O VÍRUS HPV." Saúde e Pesquisa 11, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/1983-1870.2018v11n1p115-126.
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O humano papiloma vírus impacta diretamente na mortalidade das mulheres quando associado ao câncer de colo uterino. Objetivou-se analisar o impacto de ação educativa realizada com reeducandas de Cadeia Pública Feminina de Mato Grosso. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, experimental e comparativo inferencial do tipo “antes e depois” conduzido com totalidade das mulheres. A análise estatística utilizou o teste McNemar, sendo significativos aqueles resultados com p valor
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Terán-Figueroa, Yolanda, Sandra Olimpia Gutiérrez-Enríquez, Sara Jiménez-Bolaños, and Darío Gaytán-Hernández. "Coleta de amostra para identificação de DNA do papilomavírus: conhecimento e habilidades." Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 32, no. 5 (October 2019): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201900072.
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Resumo Objetivo Estabelecer a relação entre o conhecimento e as habilidades dos profissionais da saúde em coletar amostras para a identificação do DNA do papilomavírus. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado entre março e junho de 2017, com uma população de 313 pessoas. A amostra probabilística foi calculada considerando um r=0,306, 95% de confiança e poder de 90%, equivalente a 90 trabalhadores de 23 centros de saúde. Um teste de conhecimento e um checklist foram administrados para avaliar as habilidades na coleta de amostra utilizando o teste de Captura Híbrida 2 (teste HPV-CH2). Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a correlação de Pearson e ANOVA. Resultados Foi encontrada uma correlação entre conhecimento e habilidades (r=0,438) (p<0,001). Quanto ao conhecimento, não houve diferença significativa nas médias obtidas nos três grupos de participantes (enfermeiros versus estagiários 3,27 p=0,557, médicos vs. enfermeiros 2,17 p=0,852, e médicos vs. estagiários 5,45 p=0,441). Quanto às habilidades, não houve diferença entre as médias obtidas entre médicos e enfermeiros (4,27 p=0,388), nem entre enfermeiros e estagiários (4,54 p=0,179), mas houve diferença entre médicos e estagiários (8,81 p=0,041). Conclusão Houve correlação entre o conhecimento e as habilidades em coletar amostras para a identificação do DNA do papilomavírus. Não houve diferenças significativas no conhecimento entre os grupos estudados, mas uma diferença em relação às habilidades foi encontrada entre médicos e estagiários.
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MENDES-CORRÊA, Maria Cássia J., Antonio Alci BARONE, Norma de Paula CAVALHEIRO, Fátima Mitiko TENGAN, and Cristina GUASTINI. "Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in the sera of patients with HIV infection in São Paulo, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 42, no. 2 (April 2000): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652000000200004.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in a group of HIV infected patients, followed at a single institution since 1996. 1,693 HIV positive patients (1,162 male, 531 female) were tested for HBV infection. Virological markers for HBV included HBsAg and total anti-HBc by ELISA. 1,457 patients (1,009 male, 448 female) were tested for HCV infection. Detection of HCV antibodies was carried out by ELISA. A sample of HCV antibody positive patients was tested for HCV by PCR to confirm infection. Of 1,693 patients tested for HBV, 654 (38.6%) and 96 (5.7%) were anti-HBc and HBsAg positive, respectively. Of 1,457 patients tested for HCV, 258 (17.7%) were anti-HCV positive. 82 of these patients were also tested by PCR and 81 were positive (98%). Of 1,411 patients tested for HBV and HCV 26 (1.8%) were positive for both viruses.
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Dorothy Nnakenyi, Ifeyinwa, Chisom Uchechukwu, and Uloaku Nto-ezimah. "Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in HIV positive patients attending a health institution in southeast Nigeria." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.5.
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Background: The health of people living with HIV/AIDS becomes progressively worse when co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), resulting in shortened life span. The modes of transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV are similar.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection in HIV patients.
Method: This was a retrospective study of serology test results for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) of HIV positive patients registered from 2008-2013 (6years) at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospi- tal. Adult patients with confirmed HIV seropositivity were included. Ethical approval was obtained and confidentiality of the patient information was maintained. Laboratory records were reviewed to obtain HBsAg, anti-HCV, and CD4 T-lymphocyte results. Prevalence was determined by the number of positive results over total number of patients tested. Chi-square test was used to determine relationships and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: 4663 HIV patient records were included comprising 3024 (65%) females and 1639 (35%) males. Serology results showed 365/4663 (7.8%) tested HBsAg-positive only; 219/4663 (4.7%) tested anti-HCV-positive only; and 27/4663 (0.58%) tested both HBsAg and anti-HCV-positive. Correlation of age and sex were statistically significant with HBV and HCV (p<0.05) but not CD4 count (p>0.05).
Conclusion: HBV co-infection was more prevalent than HCV, and triple infection was also observed. Screening for these viral infections in the HIV population is necessary for early identification to enable appropriate, holistic management of these patients.
Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; HIV; co-infection.
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Konomi, Nami, Chiaki Miyoshi, Carlos La Fuente Zerain, Tian-Cheng Li, Yasuyuki Arakawa, and Kenji Abe. "Epidemiology of Hepatitis B, C, E, and G Virus Infections and Molecular Analysis of Hepatitis G Virus Isolates in Bolivia." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 10 (1999): 3291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.10.3291-3295.1999.
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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis G virus (HGV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was investigated among 574 healthy blood donors in Bolivia. HCV RNA and HGV RNA in the serum were identified by a nested reverse transcription-PCR using primers derived from the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR). We also tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and for the antibody to HEV. The results revealed that HGV RNA was present in 84 of 574 (14.6%) tested blood donors, whereas HBsAg was detected in only 2 (0.3%) donors, and no individuals positive for HCV RNA were found. Anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 93 (16.2%) individuals and anti-HEV IgM was found in 10 (1.7%) individuals among the same population. Phylogenetic analysis of 44 HGV isolates in the 5′ UTR showed that 27 (61%) isolates were genotype 3 (Asian type) and the remaining 17 (39%) isolates were genotype 2 (United States and European type). Moreover, we obtained a full-length nucleotide sequence of the HGV genome (designated HGV-BL230) recovered from a Bolivian blood donor. The BL230 was composed of 9,227 nucleotides and had a single open reading frame, encoding 2,842 amino acid residues. Interestingly, the BL230 belonged to genotype 2 of HGV at the level of a full-length sequence, although this was classified as genotype 3 by a phylogenetic analysis based on the 5′ UTR sequence. The BL230 differed from previously reported HGV/hepatitis GB virus type C isolates by 12 to 13% of the nucleotide sequence and 4% of the amino acid sequence. Our data indicate a high prevalence of HGV in native Bolivians, and the major genotype of HGV was type 3.
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Pujantell, Maria, Eva Riveira-Muñoz, Edurne García-Vidal, Lucía Gutiérrez-Chamorro, Roger Badia, Bonaventura Clotet, and Ester Ballana. "ADAR1 Function Regulates Innate Immune Activation and Susceptibility to Viral Infections." Proceedings 50, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020050034.
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Viral infection induces innate intracellular antiviral defenses, aimed at restricting virus replication and spread. Therefore, understanding the role and function of innate immune modulators can help to establish novel strategies for viral control. Here, we explore the role of ADAR1 as a regulator of the HIV, HCV, and HPV infections, both in vitro and in vivo, in a genetic association study. Depletion of ADAR1 induced innate immune activation, observed by a significant increase in IFNB1 mRNA and CXCL10 expression. Further characterization of ADAR1 knockdown also showed upregulation of the RNA sensors MDA5 and RIG-I, increased IRF7 expression, and phosphorylation of STAT1. ADAR1 deficiency had differential effects depending on the virus tested: siADAR1 cells showed a significant reduction in HIV-1 infection, whereas ADAR1 knockdown suggested a proviral role in HCV and HPV infections. In addition, genetic association studies were performed in a cohort of 155 HCV/HIV individuals with chronic coinfection, and a cohort of 173 HPV/HIV-infected individuals was followed for a median of six years (range 0.1–24). Polymorphisms within the ADAR1 gene were found to be significantly associated with poor clinical outcome of HCV therapy and advanced liver fibrosis in a cohort of HCV/HIV-1-coinfected patients. Moreover, we identified the low-frequency haplotype AACCAT to be significantly associated with recurrent HPV dysplasia, suggesting a role for ADAR1 in the outcome of HPV infection in HIV+ individuals. In conclusion, we show that ADAR1 regulates innate immune activation and plays a key role in susceptibility to viral infections by either limiting or enhancing viral replication. Overall, ADAR1 could be a potential target for designing immune-modulating therapeutic strategies.
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Attiku, Keren, Joseph Bonney, Esinam Agbosu, Evelyn Bonney, Peter Puplampu, Vincent Ganu, John Odoom, et al. "Circulation of hepatitis delta virus and occult hepatitis B virus infection amongst HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Korle-Bu, Ghana." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e0244507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244507.
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Background Within HIV/HBV infected patients, an increase in HDV infection has been observed; there is inadequate information on HDV prevalence as well as virologic profile in Ghana. This study sought to determine the presence of HDV in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Ghana. Methods This was a longitudinal purposive study which enrolled 113 HIV/HBV co-infected patients attending clinic at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana. After consenting, 5 mL whole blood was collected at two-time points (baseline and 4–6 months afterwards). The sera obtained were tested to confirm the presence of HIV, HBV antibodies and/or antigens, and HBV DNA. Antibodies and viral RNA were also determined for HDV. Amplified HBV DNA and HDV RNA were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis carried out with reference sequences from the GenBank to establish the genotypes. Results Of the 113 samples tested 63 (55.7%) were females and 50 (44.25%) were males with a median age of 45 years. A total of 100 (88.5%) samples had detectable HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), and 32 out of the 113 had detectable HBV DNA. Nucleotide sequences were obtained for 15 and 2 samples of HBV and HDV, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was predominantly genotype E for the HBVs and genotype 1 for the HDVs. Of the 13 samples that were HBsAg unreactive, 4 (30.8%) had detectable HBV DNA suggesting the incidence of occult HBV infections. The percentage occurrence of HDV in this study was observed to be 3.54. Conclusion Our data suggest the presence and circulation of HDV and incidence of occult HBV infection in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Ghana. This informs health staff and makes it imperative to look out for the presence of HDV and occult HBV in HIV/HBV co-infected patients presenting with potential risk of liver cancers and HBV transmission through haemodialysis and blood transfusions.
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Gurung, Kishor, T. P. Poudel, G. J. Shah, and D. Mishra. "Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 16, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v16i1.24233.
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Introduction: Human immune deficiency viruses (HIV), Hepatitis B viruses (HBV) and Hepatitis C viruses (HCV) are the three most common chronic viral pathogens known. The viruses have common routes of transmission (such as blood and blood products, sharing needles to inject drugs and sexual activities) and similar risk factors.
Aim and objective: The aim of study was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV in Kohalpur Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj Medical College.
Materials and methods: This is a descriptive hospital based study. The study was conducted at Nepalgunj Medical College, KTH, Banke. In this study, 2865 were tested for HIV, 2849 were tested for HBV and 2950 were tested for HCV from 12-01-2017 to 06-07-2017.
Results: In case of HIV, 1781 (62.16%) were male and 1064 (37.84%) were female. The study revealed that in HIV reactive case was found to be 0.14% where 0.16% (3) were males and 0.09% (1) were females. In case of HBV, 1743 (61.18%) were males and 1106 (38.82%) were females. The prevalence of HBV reactive was found to be 1.65% where 1.2% (34) in male and 0.45% (13) in female. In case of HCV, 1200 (40.67%) were male and 1750 (59.33%) were female. The prevalence of HCV reactive was found to be 0.03% (1) which was only in female.
Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of HIV was more predominant in males 0.16% (3). The HBV was more prevalent followed by HIV and HCV and the prevalence of HBV in male was more 1.2% (34) as compared to females 0.45% (13).
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Choy, Chiaw Yee, Li Wei Ang, Oon Tek Ng, Yee Sin Leo, and Chen Seong Wong. "Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and C Co-Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in Singapore, 2006–2017." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020087.
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Co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased risk of hepatic complications and mortality. A retrospective study to estimate the proportion of HBV and HCV co-infections in Singapore was conducted using a clinical database. We included 3065 patients who were seen under the Clinical HIV Programme at the largest referral centre for HIV care between 2006 and 2017 and were tested for both HBV and HCV. Factors associated with HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV co-infections were determined using logistic regressions. The majority (86.3%) of HIV-infected patients were mono-infected, while 7.2% were co-infected with HBV, 6.0% with HCV, and 0.5% were co-infected with both HBV and HCV. The most common HCV genotype was GT1 (63%). Factors significantly associated with HBV co-infection in the multivariable model were: Aged 30–49 years and 50–69 years at HIV diagnosis, male gender, and HIV transmission through intravenous drug use (IDU). Independent factors associated with HCV co-infection were: Malay ethnicity, HIV transmission through IDU, and HIV diagnosis between 2006 and 2008. Behavioural risk factors such as IDU, as well as epidemiologic differences associated with co-infection, should inform further studies and interventions aimed at reducing viral hepatitis infection among HIV-infected individuals.
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Fitzpatrick, Thomas, Stephen W. Pan, Weiming Tang, Wilson Guo, and Joseph D. Tucker. "HBV and HCV test uptake and correlates among men who have sex with men in China: a nationwide cross-sectional online survey." Sexually Transmitted Infections 94, no. 7 (May 19, 2018): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053549.
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ObjectivesHepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, including China. WHO guidelines recommend men who have sex with men (MSM) receive HBV and HCV screening. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of MSM in China who have HBV and HCV tested and identify correlates of test uptake.MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional survey of young MSM in China. Respondents were asked to report previous HBV and HCV testing, sociodemographic information, sexual risk factors for hepatitis infection, other STI testing and primary care physician (PCP) status. Associations were analysed by logistic regression.Results503 eligible MSM completed the survey. 41.0% (206/503) of MSM had HCV tested, and 38.2% (60/157) of MSM with no or uncertain HBV vaccination had HBV tested. In multivariate analysis, HCV testing was correlated with HBV testing (adjusted OR (aOR) 22.98, 95% CI 12.11 to 43.60), HIV testing (aOR 3.64, 95% CI 1.92 to 6.91), HIV-positive status (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.98) and having a PCP (aOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.98). Among MSM with no or uncertain HBV vaccination, HBV testing was correlated with HCV testing (aOR 80.85, 95% CI 20.80 to 314.33), HIV testing (aOR 5.26, 95% CI 1.81 to 15.28), HIV-positive status (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 1.22 to 7.37) and having a PCP (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.00 to 7.26).ConclusionsOur data suggest many young MSM in China have not received hepatitis testing. HCV testing rates were lower than those recently reported among MSM in Australia and the USA. The strong correlation between HBV and HCV testing suggests bundled testing interventions may be useful for MSM in China. Men with a PCP were more likely to have received hepatitis testing, consistent with literature demonstrating the importance of primary care in expanding access to testing.
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Deveci, Ozcan, Cem Uysal, Recep Tekin, Ali Tekin, Muzeyyen Ay, Fatma Bozkurt, and Saim Dayan. "HBV, HCV and HIV Seroprevalence in Soldiers Tested for Carriership." Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 3, no. 2 (2014): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2014.03.8124.
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Mahfoud, Ziyad, Kassem Kassak, Khalil Kreidieh, Sarah Shamra, and Sami Ramia. "Prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and hepatitis C and risk factors in prisoners in Lebanon." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 03 (March 9, 2010): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.517.
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Background: People admitted to correctional facilities often have a history of risky behaviours which frequently lead to transmission of blood-borne viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections among prisoners in Lebanon. Methodology: Conducted between August 2007 and February 2008 in Roumieh Prison, Lebanon, the study included a total of 580 male prisoners aged 16 and above who were randomly selected from four prison blocks. Peripheral blood was collected by a finger prick, blotted onto high-quality filter paper, dried and later eluted to be tested for markers of HIV, HBV and HCV infections. Results: A significantly higher seroprevalence of HBV (2.4%) and HCV (3.4%) was found among prisoners compared to the seroprevalence of these virus infections reported in the general Lebanese population (< 1% for HBV and HCV). Only one of the 580 prisoners tested (0.17%) was confirmed as anti-HIV-positive. The majority (89%) of anti-HCV-positive prisoners had a history of previous imprisonment and were injecting drug users (IDUs). Tattooing was also associated with HCV transmission: all nine anti-HCV-positive prisoners had tattoos compared to only 60% who were anti-HCV-negative. Only HCV genotypes 1 and 3 were detected. Conclusions: We provide evidence for an outbreak of HCV and HBV occurring in Roumieh prison. In addition to vaccinating prisoners against HBV, collaborations should develop between the prison's administration, academic institutions, and community-based organizations to provide HCV prevention services within the prisons.
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Borhany, Munira, Tahir Shamsi, Samsan Boota, Hazrat Ali, Naeem Tahir, Arshi Naz, Imran Naseer, et al. "Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Patients With Hemophilia of Karachi, Pakistan." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 17, no. 6 (March 14, 2011): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029611398122.
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The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HIV infections among the patients with hemophilia. Patients with Hemophilia A and B were evaluated who visited hospital for factor replacement therapy. The viral markers tested in these patients included anti-HCV-Ab, HBsAg, and anti-HIV-Ab. Seroprevalence was compared from 5717 exchange healthy blood donors for same markers. A total of 173 multitransfused male hemophiliacs showed prevalence of 51.4% for HCV, 1.73% for HBV, and nil for HIV. In blood donors seroprevalence was 1.9% for HCV, 1.81% for HBV, while no HIV-positive case was detected. Prevalence of anti-HCV-Ab was significantly high in patients with hemophilia than normal donors ( P = .0005). This study showed that HCV infection was more frequently identified than HBV and HIV infections in multitransfused hemophiliacs. The frequency of hepatitis C among blood donors is also higher than that of hepatitis B which is showing downward trend.
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Shulman, Ira A., and Melanie Osby. "Storage and Transfusion of Infected Autologous Blood or Components: A Survey of North American Laboratories." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 981–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-981-satoia.
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Abstract Context.—Many patients request that autologous blood or components be collected and available for use during scheduled surgical or invasive medical procedures to avoid exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) from allogeneic transfusions. Some patients from whom autologous blood is collected are themselves infected with HIV, HBV, or HCV. However, unlike HIV-, HBV-, or HCV-infected allogeneic blood and components, which must be excluded from the community blood supply, infected autologous blood and components are allowed to be stored in hospitals and transfused back to the patients (autologous donors) from whom the blood was collected. Although the transfusion of HIV-, HBV-, or HCV-infected autologous blood or components does not present a risk to the autologous donor, such a transfusion presents a risk to other patients, considering that at least 1 in every 25 000 transfusions are administered to the wrong individual. Objective.—To determine if hospital transfusion services store and/or transfuse autologous blood or components infected with HIV, HBV, and/or HCV. Design.—An educational enhancement subsection of a College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Survey (J-C 2003) assessed transfusion service practices for storing and/or transfusing HIV-, HBV-, and HCV-infected autologous blood and components. Setting and Participants.—A total of 4251 participants were asked whether they stored and/or transfused autologous blood or components and whether these stored blood products included those that were infected with HIV, HBV, or HCV. Results.—Of the 4251 survey respondents, 3561 provided data regarding their autologous blood and component storage and/or transfusion practices. A total of 2988 participants reported that they store and/or transfuse autologous blood or components. A total of 2390 respondents reported that they do not test autologous donations collected in their own institution for evidence of infection with HIV, HBV, or HCV. Most survey participants reported that even if an autologous donation is tested and found to be infected they would still be willing to store and transfuse the blood component, according to which agent was causing the infection: HIV (n = 1867), HBV (n = 2158), or HCV (n = 2233). Conclusion.—Most North American hospitals do not test autologous blood donations that they collect in their own institution for evidence of infection with HIV, HBV, or HCV, leading to the conclusion that infected autologous blood components are being stored and transfused. Even when autologous donations are tested and found to be infected with HIV, HBV, or HCV, most North American hospitals would be willing to store and/or transfuse the infected autologous blood components.
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Pontali, Emanuele, Nicoletta Bobbio, Marilena Zaccardi, and Renato Urciuoli. "Blood-borne viral co-infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected inmates." International Journal of Prisoner Health 12, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-07-2015-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence of HBV and/or HCV co-infection among HIV-infected inmates entering the correctional facility. Design/methodology/approach – Prospective collection of data of HIV-infected inmates entered the institution over a ten-year period. Findings – During study period 365 consecutive different inmates were evaluated. HCV co-infection was observed in more than 80 per cent of the tested HIV-infected inmates, past HBV infection in 71.6 per cent and active HBV co-infection was detected in 7.1 per cent; triple coinfection (HIV, HCV and HBs-Ag positivity) was present in 6 per cent of the total. Originality/value – This study confirms high prevalence of co-infections among HIV-infected inmates. Testing for HBV and HCV in all HIV-infected inmates at entry in any correctional system is recommended to identify those in need of specific care and/or preventing interventions.
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Adoga, Moses P., Edmund B. Banwat, Joseph C. Forbi, Lohya Nimzing, Christopher R. Pam, Silas D. Gyar, Yusuf A. Agabi, and Simon M. Agwale. "Human immunonodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus: sero-prevalence, co-infection and risk factors among prison inmates in Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 3, no. 07 (August 30, 2009): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.472.
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Background: Published data on HIV, HBV, and HCV in correctional facilities in Nigeria is scarce. We set out to establish the seroprevalence, co-infection, and risk factors for these infections for the first time among prison inmates in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study conducted between April and May, 2007, blood samples were collected from 300 male prisoners of a mean age of 29.2 years, in the state’s four medium-security prisons (overall population: 587). Prior to the study, ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained and structured questionnaires were administered. Samples were analyzed for HIV, HBsAg, and HCV using anti-HIV 1+2-EIA-avicenna, ShantestTM-HBsAg ELISA, and anti-HCV-EIA-avicenna, respectively. Specimens initially reactive for HIV were retested with vironostika microelisa. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of the 300 subjects, 54 (18.0 %), 69 (23.0 %), and 37 (12.3 %) tested positive for HIV, HBV, and HCV, respectively. Co-infections were eight (2.7 %) for HIV/HBV and two (0.7 %) for HBV/HCV. Those aged 21-26 years were more likely to be infected with HIV and HBV, while those aged 33-38 years had the highest HCV infection. Associated risk factors included duration in prison, previous incarceration (for HIV, HBV and HCV), intra-prison anal sex, multiple sex partners (for HIV and HBV), ignorance of transmission modes, blood transfusion, and alcohol consumption (for HBV and HCV). No inmate injected drugs. Conclusions: The overall outcome represents the need for prison-focused intervention initiatives in Nigeria. Injected drug use is an unlikely major transmission mode among Nigerian inmates.
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Gupta, Sakshee, Bharti Malhotra, Jitendra Kumar Tiwari, Prabhu Dayal Khandelwal, and Rakesh Kumar Maheshwari. "Cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell counts and human immunodeficiency virus-1 viral load in patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10, no. 02 (April 2018): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_37_17.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with hepatitis viruses may affect the progress of disease and response to therapy. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfections in HIV–positive patients and their influence on HIV–1 viral load and cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T–cell counts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This pilot study was done on 179 HIV–positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. Their blood samples were tested for HIV-1 viral load, CD4+ T–cell counts, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti–HCV antibodies, HBV DNA and HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Among the 179 patients, 7.82% (14/179) were coinfected with HBV and 4.46% (8/179) with HCV. Median CD4+ T–cell count of HIV monoinfected patients was 200 cells/µl and viral load was 1.67 log10 copies/µl. Median CD4+ T–cell counts of 193 cells/µl for HBV (P = 0.230) and 197 cells/µl for HCV (P = 0.610) coinfected patients were similar to that of HIV monoinfected patients. Viral load was higher in both HBV and HCV infected patients but statistically significant only for HCV (P = 0.017). Increase in CD4+ T–cell counts and decrease in HIV–1 viral load in coinfected patients on 2 years of ART were lower than that in HIV monoinfected patients. CONCLUSION: HBV/HCV coinfected HIV patients had similar CD4+ T–cell counts as in HIV monoinfected patients, higher HIV viral load both in chemo–naive patients and in those on ART as compared to HIV monoinfected patients. However, this study needs to be done on a large scale to assess the impact of coinfection on CD4 count and HIV viral load with proper follow–up of patients every 6 months till at least 2 years.
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Ramezani, A., M. Mohraz, A. Aghakhani, M. Banifazl, A. Eslamifar, A. Khadem-Sadegh, and A. A. Velayati. "Frequency of isolated hepatitis B core antibody in HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infected individuals." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 5 (May 2009): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008377.
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Association between isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been noted in HIV-infected individuals. This study describes the frequency of isolated anti-HBc and its possible value for the detection of HBV-DNA in HIV-infected patients with or without HCV co-infection. Ninety-two HIV-infected patients were enrolled in the study. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HIV viral load and CD4 count were tested in all subjects. Then we compared 63 subjects with HIV-HCV co-infection with 29 subjects with HIV infection alone regarding isolated anti-HBc (HBs Ag negative, anti-HBs negative and anti-HBc positive). The presence of HBV-DNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in serum samples of patients with isolated anti-HBc. Of 63 anti-HCV-positive patients, 18 subjects (28.6%, 95% [confidence interval] CI: 22.6–34.6%), and of 29 anti-HCV-negative patients, five subjects (17.2%, 95% CI: 11.5–22.9%) had isolated anti-HBc. HBV-DNA was detectable in three of 18 anti-HCV-positive patients (16.7%, 95% CI: 9.7–23.7%) and none of the anti-HCV-negative patients with isolated anti-HBc. Our study showed that individuals co-infected with HIV and HCV were more likely to have isolated anti-HBc than subjects with HIV alone. This investigation also demonstrates that the presence of isolated anti-HBc in HIV-HCV-infected individuals may reflect occult HBV infection in these patients.
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Kaur, Harjot, Parul Garg, Nirmaljot Kaur, Harmandeep Singh, Guneet Kaur Bakshi, Amandeep Kaur, Danish Sood, and Shilpa Shilpa. "Seroprevalence and Trends of Transfusion Transmitted Coinfections among Blood Donors in North West Punjab - A Retrospective Study." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 14 (April 5, 2021): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/164.
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BACKGROUND Blood transfusion has been a boon to medical science, but at the same time, it exposes millions of people to transfusion transmitted infections (TTI). TTI are the infections that are transmissible from one person to another through parenteral administration of blood / blood products. Various TTIs are hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), syphilis, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and malaria. With increasing use of blood transfusion, chances of transmission of TTIs is very common but proper screening of donor blood has reduced the chances of TTI. The present study was done to know the seroprevalence of HCV, HBV, HIV and syphilis and their coinfections. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the records from January 2015 to December 2019 at a blood bank of Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research at Amritsar, Punjab. Number of donors included in the study were 43,037. All the donors who came to blood bank were tested for TTIs by enhanced chemiluminescent immunoassay. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the records from January 2015 to December 2019 at a blood bank of Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research at Amritsar, Punjab. Number of donors included in the study were 43,037. All the donors who came to blood bank were tested for TTIs by enhanced chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS Number of donors tested for TTI was 43,037. Out of 43037, 1739 patients had serological evidence of TTIs, out of which 1669 (96.19 %) had mono-infection and 70 (4.04 %) had coinfections. HCV & HBV (28 / 70) was the most common combination, followed by HCV & HIV (20 / 70), HCV & syphilis (9 / 70), HIV & syphilis (5 / 70), HBV & syphilis (3 / 70) and HBV & HIV (1 / 70). Two donors had HIV, HCV & syphilis coinfections and two donors had HIV, HBV & HCV coinfections. CONCLUSIONS The present study documents the high prevalence of TTI out of which hepatitis C is the most common followed by hepatitis B. Among coinfections, two most prevalent coinfections are HCV & HBV and HCV & HIV and it is important to screen for these coinfections due to their impact on the course of disease as well as quality of life. This shows the increasing evidence of transfusion transmissible infection in blood donors in spite of advanced and vigilant screening of donated blood prior to transfusion. So, strategies should be devised for monitoring the implementation of post donation counselling for recruitment of safe donors. KEYWORDS Coinfections, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, Seroprevalence
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Alexiev, Ivailo, Elitsa Golkocheva-Markova, Asya Kostadinova, Reneta Dimitrova, Lora Nikolova, Anna Gancheva, Tencho Tenev, et al. "The prevalence of hepatitis B and C co-infections among people with HIV-1 in Bulgaria: 2010–2015." Future Virology 14, no. 12 (December 2019): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2019-0092.
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Aim: To evaluate hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among individuals with HIV/AIDS in Bulgaria diagnosed between 2010 and 2015. Materials & methods: A total of 1158 individuals were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS during the study period. Different transmission groups were tested with ELISA and real-time PCR for HBV and HCV markers. Results: Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antiboby were found in 9.3 and 23.2% of the tested. HBV DNA and HCV RNA has been found in 47.4 and 69.6%. Hepatitis B and C co-infections were predominant in multiple risk behavior groups, including people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, prisoners and Roma individuals. Conclusion: HIV prevalence in Bulgaria is low but the rates of hepatitis B and C co-infections among these patients fall within the upper range reported in Europe.
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Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Zufan Sisay, Sibhatu Biadgilign, and Woldaregay Erku Abegaz. "Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among antiretroviral-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.063321-0.
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Most HIV positive people have not been tested for viral hepatitis and their treatments have not been optimized for possible co-infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the serological pattern of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among antiretroviral (ARV)-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 500 frozen HIV positive serum and plasma samples collected from ARV-naive (n = 250) and -experienced (n = 250) adults were randomly selected and screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti-HCV using rapid two-site sandwich immunochromatographic assay. The test was performed at Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University. Positive specimens for HBsAg and anti-HCV markers were further confirmed using third generation ELISA. Of the 500 specimens tested, 15 (3 %), 58 (11.6 %), 3 (0.6 %), 18 (3.6 %), 3 (0.6 %) and 1 (0.2 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. No specimen tested positive for both HBeAg and anti-HBs, and 442 (88.4 %) individuals were non-immune to HBV. Of the 250 ARV-naive individuals, 8 (3.2 %), 33 (13.2 %), 2 (0.8 %), 10 (4 %), 2 (0.8 %), and 1 (0.4 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. Of the 250 ARV-experienced individuals, 7 (2.8 %), 25 (10 %), 1 (0.4 %), 8 (3.2 %), 1 (0.4 %), and 0 (0 %) were positive for HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. In summary, seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections was lower in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, than in Sub-Saharan Africa and globally. HBV and HCV infections were not significantly different between HIV positive subjects who were or who were not on ARV. This suggests that the two groups have equal chance of being infected with these two viruses; despite this, disease progression could be different.
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Darvishian, Maryam, Zahid A. Butt, Stanley Wong, Eric M. Yoshida, Jaskaran Khinda, Michael Otterstatter, Amanda Yu, et al. "Elevated risk of colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers among HCV, HBV and/or HIV (co)infected individuals in a population based cohort in Canada." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 13 (January 2021): 175883592199298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758835921992987.
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Introduction:Studies of the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV mono and co-infections on the risk of cancer, particularly extra-hepatic cancer, have been limited and inconsistent in their findings.Methods:In the British Columbia Hepatitis Testers Cohort, we assessed the risk of colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers in association with HCV, HBV and HIV infection status. Using Fine and Gray adjusted proportional subdistribution hazards models, we assessed the impact of infection status on each cancer, accounting for competing mortality risk. Cancer occurrence was ascertained from the BC Cancer Registry.Results:Among 658,697 individuals tested for the occurrence of all three infections, 1407 colorectal, 1294 liver, and 489 pancreatic cancers were identified. Compared to uninfected individuals, the risk of colorectal cancer was significantly elevated among those with HCV (Hazard ration [HR] 2.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.55–3.51), HBV (HR 2.47; 95% CI 1.85–3.28), and HIV mono-infection (HR 2.30; 95% CI 1.47–3.59), and HCV/HIV co-infection. The risk of liver cancer was significantly elevated among HCV and HBV mono-infected and all co-infected individuals. The risk of pancreatic cancer was significantly elevated among individuals with HCV (HR 2.79; 95% CI 2.01–3.70) and HIV mono-infection (HR 2.82; 95% CI 1.39–5.71), and HCV/HBV co-infection.Discussion/Conclusion:Compared to uninfected individuals, the risk of colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancers was elevated among those with HCV, HBV and/or HIV infection. These findings highlight the need for targeted cancer prevention and diligent clinical monitoring for hepatic and extrahepatic cancers in infected populations.
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Luma, Henry Namme, Servais Albert Fiacre Bagnaka Eloumou, Domin Sone Majunda Ekaney, Fernando Kemta Lekpa, Olivier Donfack-Sontsa, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane, and Yacouba Njankouo Mapoure. "Sero-prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis B and C Co-infection Among HIV-infected Individuals in Two Regional Hospitals in Cameroon." Open AIDS Journal 10, no. 1 (November 3, 2016): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601610010199.
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Background:Liver disease related to Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. Data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV in Cameroon remains inconclusive.Objective:We aimed to determine the sero-prevalence and correlates of Hepatitis markers in HIV/AIDS patients in two Regional Hospitals.Methods:A cross-sectional study carried out from December 2014 to March 2015. HIV/AIDS patients aged 21 were included and above, receiving care at HIV treatment centres. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to screen for Hepatitis with HBsAg and anti HCV antibody rapid immunochromatographic test kits. Correlates of hepatitis were investigated by logistic regression. STATA was used for data analysis.Results:We included 833 HIV/AIDS patients,78.8% (657) were female. Mean age was 44(SD 11) years. Prevalence of Hepatitis in general (total of two viral markers tested) was 8.9% (74/833), with 6.1% for HBsAg and 2.8% for Anti-HCV antibodies. From multivariate analysis, the likelihood of having hepatitis was independently increased by a history of surgical interventions [OR: 1.82(1.06-3.14)], and of sexually transmitted infections [OR: 2.20(1.04-4.67)].Conclusion:Almost one in ten participants with HIV/AIDS attending the BRH and LRH tested positive for either HBsAg or anti HCV antibodies. Screening for HBV and HCV should therefore be integrated to the existing guidelines in Cameroon as it can influence management. More studies are needed to evaluate the extent of liver disease and magnitude of HIV suppression in hepatitis and HIV coinfection in this setting.
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Chuang, Eleanore, Melissa Agsalda, Xuemei Zhu, Brenda Hernandez, Cris Milne, and Bruce Shiramizu. "5. Detection of HIV DNA and HPV genotypes in the CD14+ fraction of anal cytology samples from HIV-positive human subjects." Sexual Health 10, no. 6 (2013): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv10n6ab5.
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Background HIV-seropositive patients have a higher prevalence of other viral infections, including HPV, even while on anti-retroviral therapy. Anal infection with high-risk HPV genotypes can lead to anal dysplasia, which can progress to anal cancer. HIV and HPV can be contracted via sexual transmission; however, the interaction between these two pathogens and effect on the immune system are poorly understood. Since CD14 cells have been implicated in disease progression in other HIV-associated diseases, the objective of this study was to characterise CD14 cells from anal cytology specimens. Methods: Anal cytology samples were obtained from 14 HIV-positive patients enrolled in an anal dysplasia study. Samples were sorted for CD14 subsets. Following DNA extraction, HIV DNA copy was assessed by real-time PCR with primers/probes for β-globin and HIV gag genes. HPV DNA was amplified and genotypes identified using Roche’s LINEAR ARRAY HPV genotyping kit. Results: HIV DNA was detected in samples from 8 patients. Of those, 5 patients also tested positive for HPV genotypes. All 6 patients who tested HIV DNA-negative also tested HPV-positive. Due to low numbers, difference in HPV status relative to HIV DNA status was not statistically significant. HPV genotypes closely corresponded between CD14+ and CD14– fractions. Conclusions: Both HIV DNA and HPV genotypes can be detected from a single anal cytology specimen. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the significance of HPV genotypes detected in CD14+ fractions as well as the consequence of HIV and HPV coinfection in anal epithelia.
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Hama, Salih Ahmed, and Moaid Ibrahim Sawa. "Prevalence of Hepatitis B, C, and D among Thalassemia patients in Sulaimani Governorate." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2017): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.2.20.
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Infectious diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with hepatitis viruses in particular making global impact on socioeconomic development and this infection remains a serious public health issue. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and D among multi-transfused risk groups in Sulaimani Governorate, 120 major thalassemic patients were tested by serological and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and Recombinant ImmunoBlot Assay (RIBA) test was done as a confirmatory test for all HCV ELISA positive patients. It was observed that the prevalence of HCV was higher (29.1%) comparing to HBV (22.5%) and HDV (3.3%). The prevalence of HCV-HBV coinfection was (5%), HCV-HBV-HDV coinfections were (0.83%). Statistical analysis showed that the age was significantly effective on the prevalence of HBV (p = 0.009), parenteral medication users showed a significant relation with HBV and HCV prevalence (p = 0.03 and 0.041) respectively. The blood transfusion frequency was significantly related to HBV and HCV prevalence (p = 0.042 and 0.035) respectively. It was noticed that vaccination significantly related to HBV prevalence among thalassemic patients (p = 0.002).
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Ramli, Marini, Zefarina Zulkafli, Geoffrey Keith Chambers, Raja Sabrina Amani Raja Zilan, and Hisham Atan Edinur. "The Prevalence of Transfusion-transmitted Infections among Blood Donors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia." Oman Medical Journal 35, no. 6 (October 20, 2020): e189-e189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.86.
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Objectives: Blood bank centers routinely screen for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to ensure the safety of blood supply and thus prevent the dissemination of these viruses via blood transfusion. We sought to evaluate the detection of transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) markers using standard serological methods and nucleic acid testing (NAT) among blood donors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: Donated blood units were assessed for the presence or absence of HBV, HCV, and HIV using two screening method: serology and NAT. Reactive blood samples were then subjected to serological confirmatory and NAT discriminatory assays. Results: A total of 9669 donors were recruited from September 2017 to June 2018. Among these, 36 donors were reactive either for HBV, HCV, or HIV by serological testing and eight by NAT screening. However, only 10 (three for HBV and seven for HCV) donors tested positive using serological testing and five (two for HBV and three for HCV) by NAT discriminatory assays. Note that all five NAT positive donors detected in the NAT discriminatory assays were confirmed to be serologically reactive. Therefore, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV was 0.03%, 0.1%, and 0.0%, respectively, in our donor pool. Conclusions: Both serological and NAT screening and confirmatory assays should be used routinely to reduce the risk of infection transmission via the transfusion of blood and blood components.
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Schmack, Ingo, Seda Ballikaya, Brigitte Erber, Irina Voehringer, Ulrich Burkhardt, Gerd U. Auffarth, and Paul Schnitzler. "Validation of Spiked Postmortem Blood Samples from Cornea Donors on the Abbott ARCHITECT and m2000 Systems for Viral Infections." Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 47, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000502866.
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Background: Transplantation of human corneal tissue is associated with the potential risk of transmittance of viral infections. In accordance with European directives and federal laws, in Germany each tissue donor has to be tested for infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, most of the currently available CE-marked serologic and nucleic acid screening systems are only validated for antemortem blood. Methods: Twenty related and paired ante- and postmortem blood samples from cornea donors were obtained and subsequently analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBc), anti-HCV, HCV RNA, anti-HIV-1/2, and HIV p24 Ag using Abbott test systems. The sera were also spiked with reference materials in concentrations giving low and high positivity for HBV, HCV, and HIV markers. Results: The spiked ante- and postmortem sera from related donors showed similar results for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HCV RNA, anti-HIV, and HIV p24 Ag, indicating a high stability of viral markers in cadaveric specimens. Three cornea donors had a medical history of HBV infection and revealed anti-HBc at similar levels in the ante- and postmortem sera. In addition, there was a single postmortem sample demonstrating a weak signal of anti-HIV-1 and HIV-1 p24 Ag. False-positive or false-negative results were not detected. The results obtained with the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer and Abbott RealTime HCV PCR showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The analyzed screening assays are suitable for the detection of infectious markers of HBV, HCV, and HIV at similar levels in spiked ante- and postmortem sera from cornea donors.
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Gouveia, Guilherme Pertinni de Morais, Lohanna dos Reis Alves, Luana Sousa Brito de Oliveira, and Shacha de Brito Veras Brejal Pereira. "Prevalência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em universitários de uma instituição pública de Parnaíba." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 5, 2021): e7810817310. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17310.
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Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) em universitários de uma instituição pública de Parnaíba. Métodos: A pesquisa tratou-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo transversal e inferencial de abordagem quantitativa realizado no período de maio de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, por meio da ferramenta online Google Forms. Contou com uma amostra de 286 voluntários na faixa etária de 18 a 38 anos. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se uma estatística descritiva e teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a prevalência de IST nos últimos 12 meses foi de 33,2%, tendo 3,8% destes ocorridos durante o período da pesquisa, e apenas 14,0% procuraram atendimento de saúde. Somente 33,2% relataram que quase sempre usam preservativo. Sobre educação sexual, 65% referiram contato com a temática. Porém, não foi decisivo na prevenção às IST, que das mencionadas, as mais comuns foram candidíase, sífilis, HPV e gonorreia. Conclusão: Os percentuais encontrados neste estudo apontam uma moderada prevalência de IST na população jovem em estudo, bem como, apontam para uma proteção àqueles que fazem uso de preservativo durante o sexo vaginal e oral.
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NAFEES, MUHAMMAD, ISHTIAQ AHMED, and GHAZALA JAFFERI. "JAIL POPULATION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 04 (December 10, 2011): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2681.
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Objective: The infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common among prisoners but such data are sparse from Pakistan; hence in this study, we evaluated the sero-prevalence of these three infections among Jail inmates. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Central Jail, Lahore. Period: May to November 2009. Methodology: Investigate the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among the random population of sentenced inmates of Central Jail, Lahore. We examined 3062 jail inmates, 396 of them were females and 2666 males. Majority of the inmates were Pakistani national (97.06 %). All collected blood samples were tested for HIV antibodies, HBsAg, and anti-HCV antibodies with one step chromatographic immunoassay. Results: Seroprevalence rate of HCV, HBV and HIV infections was 15.31%, 3.46 % and 1.79 % respectively. Overall prevalence of these infections in the jail inmates was 20.57 % and 18.77 % of them were positive for markers of viral hepatitis B/C. Conclusions: We evaluated that jail inmates in Pakistan had a high incidence of HCV, HBV and HIV infections. Regular testing is required to identify infected prisoners and refer them for appropriate treatment. In addition, general disease prevention efforts are needed to minimize transmission of these viral infections in this subpopulation, before and after release.
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Kassak, Kassem, Ziyad Mahfoud, Khalil Kreidieh, Sarah Shamra, Rima Afifi, and Sami Ramia. "Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Lebanon: prevalence, risk behaviour and immune status." Sexual Health 8, no. 2 (2011): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10080.
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Background The aim of our study was to study the prevalence of and the risk behaviours associated with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among two high-risk groups: female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM). Furthermore, since vaccination is a key component of HBV prevention programs, the immune status of HBV infection in these two high-risk groups was evaluated. Methods: Participants included in this study were part of a bio-behavioural surveillance study done to assess HIV prevalence among four vulnerable groups in Lebanon. Participants were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method. The total number of eligible participants were 101 MSM and 103 FSW. Blood samples were collected as dried blood spots and then eluted to be tested for HCV, HBV and HIV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: None of the 204 individuals tested has been exposed to HCV. In the 101 MSM, only one (0.99%) was an HBsAg carrier and one (0.99%) was confirmed as anti-HIV-positive. Among FSW, 30% showed they were immune to HBV compared with only ~10% among MSM. The distribution of socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors in both groups were shown. Conclusion: Our results highlight the urgent need to raise awareness among FSW and MSM and their health care providers of the availability and benefits of HBV vaccination in Lebanon. In addition, and due to the absence of vaccines against HCV and HIV, education programs aiming at behavioural changes should be intensified.
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Tu, Andrew W., Jane A. Buxton, Mandy Whitlock, Ognjenka Djurdjev, Mei Chong, Mel Krajden, Monica Beaulieu, and Adeera Levin. "Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients in British Columbia: Follow-up after a Possible Breach in Hemodialysis Machines." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 20, no. 2 (2009): e19-e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/641941.
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BACKGROUND: A possible breach of the transducer protector in specific dialysis machines was reported in June 2004 in British Columbia (BC), which led to testing of hemodialysis patients for hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV. This testing provided an opportunity to examine HCV incidence, prevalence and coinfection with HBV and HIV, and to compare anti-HCV and HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR).METHODS: The results of hemodialysis patients who were dialyzed on the implicated machines (65% of BC dialysis patients), and tested for HCV, HBV and HIV, between June 1, 2004, and December 31, 2004, were reviewed and compared with available previous results.RESULTS: Of 1286 hemodialysis patients with anti-HCV and/or HCV-PCR testing, 69 (5.4%) tested positive. Two HCV genotype 4 seroconversions were identified. HCV incidence rate on dialysis was 78.8 cases per 100,000 person-years. Younger age, history of renal transplant and past HBV infection were associated with HCV infection. No occult infection was identified using HCV-PCR.INTERPRETATION: Hemodialysis patients had three times the HCV prevalence rate of the general BC population, and more than 20 times the incident rate of the general Canadian population. One of the two seroconversions occurred before the testing campaign; the patient was likely infected during hemodialysis in South Asia. The other was plausibly a late seroconversion following renal transplant in South Asia. Nosocomial transmission cannot be ruled out because both patients were dialyzed in the same centre. Baseline and annual anti-HCV testing is recommended. HCV-PCR should be considered at baseline for persons with HCV risk factors, and for returning travellers who received dialysis in HCV-endemic countries to identify HCV infection occurring outside the hemodialysis unit.
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Mishra, Kanchan, Avani Shah, Krima Patel, Kanjaksha Ghosh, and Sumit Bharadva. "A SEROPREVALENCE OF HBV, HCV AND HIV-1 AND CORRELATION WITH MOLECULAR MARKERS AMONG MULTI-TRANSFUSED THALASSEMIA PATIENTS IN WESTERN INDIA." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 12, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): e2020038. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2020.038.
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Background: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving therapy for patients with hemoglobinopathies. However, the need of frequent transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Hep-B, Hep-C and HIV-1infections among the multi-transfused Beta-thalassemic patients and correlate the same with NAT testing.
Methods: Total 196 patients with Beta-thalassemia were included in the study. Patients were screened for the presence of viral markers by third generation ELISA test as well as for viral DNA/RNA by NAT.
Results: Among these 196 multi-transfused Beta-thalassemia patients, 32.1% were females and 67.8% were males. A total of 100 (51.1%) patients were found to be anti-HCV antibody reactive, while HCV-RNA was positive in 66 (33.7 %) of the 196 patients tested. There were 6 (3.1%) patients reactive for anti-HIV-1 antibody, while 8 (4.1%) were positive for HIV-RNA. There were only 3 (1.5%) patients that were found to be reactive for HBsAg, however 5 (2.5%) were positive for HBV-DNA. Two (1%) patients had co-infection of anti-HCV antibody and HBsAg,whereas 6 patients were found co-infected by NAT testing, in-which 3 (1.5%) were positive for HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA, 1 (0.5%) was positive for HIV-RNA and HBV-DNA, and 2 (1%) had co-infection of HIV-RNA and HCV RNA.
Conclusion: Prevalence of HCV among multi-transfused Beta-thalassemia patients is significantly higher than the normal population. On the other hand, the study showed low prevalence of HBV. Therefore, a follow-up schedule and administration of booster dose of HBV vaccine is strongly recommended for thalassemia patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the foremost work that shows prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV in thalassemia patients using both serology and molecular markers in Western India.
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Wang, Chi-Chao, Shih-Lung Chang, Fang-Yeh Chu, Chien-Yu Cheng, and Shu-Hsing Cheng. "Human papillomavirus infection and anal cytology in Taiwanese homosexual men with and without HIV infection." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 04 (April 30, 2019): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11162.
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Introduction: Anal cancer screening has not been adopted by Taiwanese care providers. The study aim was to explore the differences of anal cytology and HPV detection among men with and without HIV.
Methodology: In this case-control study, men with HIV who attended one of the outpatient clinics of Taoyuan General Hospital were enrolled as cases. Men who had experienced condomless sex and tested HIV negative were enrolled as controls. Anal swabs were collected for thin-preparation anal cytology and HPV genotyping.
Results: A total of 288 men who had tested positive for HIV and 208 who had tested HIV negative were enrolled; 75% of subjects with HIV and 30.3% of those without HIV had tested positive for various types of HPV (P < 0.001). Anal cell dysplasia, including atypical squamous cells with undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), or atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H), were noted in 20.8% of men with HIV and 4.8% of those without HIV (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, HIV serostatus, history of sexually transmitted infections, having male sexual partners, and practice of anal sex were correlated significantly with detection of any type of HPV. Additionally, both oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV types were significantly associated with anal cytology dysplasia.
Conclusions: We strongly suggest that there should be awareness of anal HPV infection and related anal cellular dysplasia in at-risk populations.
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Ram, Jagjeewan, Namrata Nigam, Aparna Singh, and Lubna Khan. "Increasing Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Blood Donors - A 3 Year Study in North India." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 07 (February 15, 2021): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/74.
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BACKGROUND The primary aspect of blood transfusion lies in the availability of blood and blood components which are tested and reported negative for transfusion transmitted infections (TTI’s). The increased seroprevalence of TTI’s indicate their prevalence in general public. The study was conducted to analyse the increasing seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) over a period of 3 years. The objectives of the study determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among the voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care hospital & associated blood bank. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, over a period of 3 years from July 2017 to June 2020. The samples collected were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. RESULTS A total of 69561 blood units were collected during this 3-year study from July 2017 to June 2020. Of all the blood bags screened, the highest prevalence was seen for HBV followed by HCV and HIV. 949 (1.4 %) were reactive for HBV, 75 (0.1 %) were reactive for HIV and 332 (0.5 %) were reactive for HCV. The results show a remarkable increase in the seropositivity for hepatitis C infection. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of HCV has seen an increase in case load over the years as compared to HBV and HIV. This increase in case volume is indicative of impending liver diseases progressing to chronic stage over the years. Thus, it is imperative to create awareness in the general population to help reduce the risk factors responsible for HCV infection. KEYWORDS Blood Transfusion, Voluntary Donors, HCV, HBV, HIV, Seroprevalence, Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTI’s)
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Telles, Paulo Roberto, Renan Moritz R. Varnier-Almeida, and Francisco Inácio Bastos. "Infecção pelo HIV entre usuários de drogas injetáveis: análise dos fatores de risco no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 1, no. 3 (December 1998): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x1998000300004.
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O trabalho visa a determinar os fatores de risco para a infecção pelo HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus - vírus da aids) entre usuários de drogas injetáveis (UDI), no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Os entrevistados foram recrutados em centros de tratamento para usuários de drogas e nas "cenas de uso" ("ruas"). Foram utilizados três questionários: um destinado a colher informações mais gerais acerca dos UDI, adaptado de estudo anterior da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS); um segundo voltado para a pesquisa de informações suplementares sobre conhecimentos, comportamentos e atitudes em relação à aids; além de um terceiro instrumento destinado a avaliar níveis de disfunção psicológica. O estudo consistiu de 110 entrevistados que voluntariamente realizaram testes laboratoriais para a presença do HIV, além de outros agentes infecciosos de transmissão sangüínea (HBV, HCV, HDV, HGV/GBV-C, HTLV-I/II). A soroprevalência para o HIV-1 foi de 28,7%. Utilizando-se um modelo de regressão logística múltipla (Estatística de Hosmer-Lemeshow, c² = 1,89; p=0,98), foram identificados como fatores de risco para a infecção pelo HIV: "local de moradia de baixa renda" (OR=5,57; IC 95%: [1,39 - 22,27]), "fonte de renda irregular" (OR=3,26; IC 95%: [1,01 - 10,51]), "menor idade de início quando do consumo de drogas injetáveis" (OR=2,50; IC: 90%: [0,99 - 6,28]), "local de recrutamento nos centros de tratamento para uso de drogas" (vs. recrutamento nas "ruas") (OR=7,91; IC 95%: [2,03 - 30,87]) e "maior freqüência de compartilhamento do material de injeção nos 6 meses anteriores à entrevista" (OR=4,41; IC 95%: [1,33 - 14,64]).