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Andersson, André. "Selenium-Testing as a Service." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132372.
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Selenium has been a method to test web applications for over a decade, it is interacting directly with the browser and has gained support from both browsers and the community. With the growing amount of browsers, mobile devices and operating systems which a web application is expected to work with, services providing these systems for testing web applications against has gained interest. These services provide testing as a service (TaaS), and runs Selenium-tests in the cloud. This research tried to compare the different services with each other in regard to flexibility, cost, simplicity and reliability. I have also tried to see differences between running the tests locally and using these services. The results showed that there are some differences between the services, and the one best suited might depend on the web application.
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Rojas, Isabel Karina Villanes. "Automação de testes para aplicações móveis como serviço Automated Mobile Testing as a service AM-TaaS." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5384.
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Due high popularization of cloud services and the use of a wide range of mobile devices with different environments and platforms, a new model to offer software test service emerged, called Testing as a Service (TaaS). It uses cloud infrastructure to provide on-demand testing services on cloud for end users at any time. Nowadays there are many studies about different services about TaaS. Based on this scenario, we propose a framework, called Automated Mobile Testing as a Service (AM-TaaS), which offers automated test for mobile applications based, preliminary, on App Quality Alliance (AQuA)’s test criteria. This research evaluated the proposed framework through two empirical studies. Firstly, a proof of concept regarding the feasibility of the proposed framework and a second study in a controlled environment to evaluate the proposed framework when compared to another local environment for testing in mobile applications. The experimental results of both studies indicate that the test service is feasible using cloud resources. The running time of the test process in AM-TaaS was less than a Local Environment Test usually used by developers or testers. In addition, a positive attitude of testers was perceived regarding the use of AM-TaaS.Due high popularization of cloud services and the use of a wide range of mobile devices with different environments and platforms, a new model to offer software test service emerged, called Testing as a Service (TaaS). It uses cloud infrastructure to provide on-demand testing services on cloud for end users at any time. Nowadays there are many studies about different services about TaaS. Based on this scenario, we propose a framework, called Automated Mobile Testing as a Service (AM-TaaS), which offers automated test for mobile applications based, preliminary, on App Quality Alliance (AQuA)’s test criteria. This research evaluated the proposed framework through two empirical studies. Firstly, a proof of concept regarding the feasibility of the proposed framework and a second study in a controlled environment to evaluate the proposed framework when compared to another local environment for testing in mobile applications. The experimental results of both studies indicate that the test service is feasible using cloud resources. The running time of the test process in AM-TaaS was less than a Local Environment Test usually used by developers or testers. In addition, a positive attitude of testers was perceived regarding the use of AM-TaaS.
Devido à alta popularização de serviços em nuvem e o uso de uma ampla variedade de dispositivos móveis com diferentes ambientes e plataformas, um novo modelo para oferecer serviço de teste de software surgiu. Chamado de Teste como Serviço (do inglês Testing as a Service – TaaS), o qual usa a infraestrutura da nuvem para fornecer serviços de teste sob demanda para usuários finais a qualquer momento. Muitos estudos apresentam os servidos oferecidos por TaaS e suas vantagens. Com base neste cenário, este trabalho propõe um arcabouço, chamado “Automated Mobile Testing as a Service” identificado com as siglas “AM-TaaS” (Automação de Testes para Aplicações Móveis como Serviço), que oferece testes automatizados para aplicações móveis baseados em critérios de teste. Os critérios de teste usados preliminarmente para esta pesquisa foram os critérios publicados pela App Quality Alliance (AQuA). Esta pesquisa avaliou o arcabouço proposto por meio de dois estudos experimentais. Um primeiro, uma prova de conceito sobre a viabilidade do arcabouço proposto e um segundo estudo em ambiente controlado para avalição do arcabouço proposto em comparação a um outro ambiente local de teste de aplicações móveis. Os resultados de ambos os estudos indicaram que é possível e viável o serviço de teste utilizando recursos na nuvem. O tempo de execução de todo o processo de teste no AM-TaaS foi inferior ao uso do Ambiente de Teste Local usualmente utilizada pelos desenvolvedores ou testadores. Além disso, uma atitude positiva foi percebida por parte dos testadores enquanto ao uso desse modelo de serviço de teste.
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Oliveira, Ricardo Ramos de. "Avaliação da portabilidade entre fornecedores de teste como serviço na computação em nuvem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-16072018-170853/.
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O processo de automatização de teste de software possui alto custo envolvido em sistemas de larga escala, pois exigem cenários de teste complexos e tempos de execução extremamente longos. Além disso, cada etapa do processo de teste requer recursos computacionais e um tempo considerável para a execução de muitos casos de teste, tornando-se um gargalo para as empresas de Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Neste contexto, os benefícios e oportunidades oferecidos pela combinação da computação em nuvem com o Teste como Serviço (Testing as a Service, TaaS), que é considerado um novo modelo de negócio e de serviço atraente e promissor, podem proporcionar um impacto positivo na redução do tempo de execução dos testes de maneira custo-efetiva e aumentar o retorno sobre o investimento ou Return on investment (ROI). Todavia, existe o problema de vendor lock-in, que é o aprisionamento do usuário à plataforma de um fornecedor específico ou serviço de teste, ocasionado pela dificuldade de migrar de um fornecedor TaaS para outro, limitando a utilização dessas novas tecnologias de maneira efetiva e eficiente, impedindo assim, a ampla adoção do TaaS. Como os estudos existentes não são rigorosos ou conclusivos e, principalmente, devido à falta de evidência empírica na área de serviço de teste, muitas questões devem ser investigadas na perspectiva da migração entre os provedores de TaaS. O objetivo deste trabalho é reduzir o impacto ocasionado pelo problema de vendor lock-in no processo de automatização de testes na computação em nuvem, na escrita, configuração, execução e gerenciamento dos resultados de testes automatizados. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido o protótipo da abordagem intitulada Multi-TaaS por meio de uma biblioteca Java como prova de conceito. A abordagem Multi-TaaS é uma camada de abstração e a sua arquitetura permite abstrair e flexibilizar a troca de fornecedores de TaaS de forma portável, pois permite encapsular toda a complexidade da implementação do engenheiro de software ao desacoplar o teste automatizado de qual plataforma TaaS ele será executado, bem como abstrair os aspectos da comunicação e integração entre as APIs REST proprietárias dos diferentes fornecedores de TaaS. Além disso, a abordagem Multi-TaaS possibilita também sumarizar os resultados dos testes automatizados de forma independente das tecnologias da plataforma TaaS subjacente. Foram realizadas avaliações comparativas da eficiência, efetividade, dificuldade e do esforço de migração entre as abordagens Multi-TaaS e abordagem convencional, por meio de experimentos controlados. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que a nova abordagem permite facilitar a troca do serviço de teste, melhorar a eficiência e, principalmente, reduzir o esforço e os custos de manutenção na migração entre fornecedores de TaaS. Os estudos realizados no experimento controlado são promissores e podem auxiliar os engenheiros de software na tomada de decisão quanto aos riscos associados ao vendor lock-in no TaaS. Por fim, a abordagem Multi-TaaS contribui, principalmente, para a portabilidade dos testes automatizados na nuvem e da sumarização dos resultados dos testes e, consequentemente, possibilita que o modelo de serviço TaaS na computação em nuvem seja amplamente adotado, de forma consciente, no futuro.The automation of software testing involves high costs in large-scale systems, since it requires complex test scenarios and extremely long execution times. Moreover, each of its steps demands computational resources and considerable time for running many test cases, which makes it a bottleneck for Information Technology (IT) companies. The benefits and opportunities offered by the combination of cloud computing and Testing as a Service (TaaS), considered a new business and service model, can reduce the execution time of tests in a cost-effective way and improve Return on Investment (ROI). However, the lock-in problem, i.e., the imprisonment of the user in the platform of a specific vendor or test service caused by the difficult migration from one TaaS provider to another limits the effective use of such new technologies and prevents the widespread adoption of TaaS. As studies conducted are neither rigorous, nor conclusive, and mainly due to the lack of empirical evidence, many issues must be investigated from the perspective of migration among TaaS providers. This research aims at reductions in the impact of the vendor lock-in problem on the automation process of testing in cloud computing, writing, configuration, execution and management of automated test results. The prototype of the Multi- TaaS approach was developed through a Java library as a proof of concept. The Multi-TaaS approach is an abstraction layer and its architecture enables the abstraction and flexibilization of the exchange of TaaS providers in a portable way, once the complexity of the software engineers implementation can be encapsulated. The two main advantages of Multi-TaaS are the decoupling of the automated test from the TaaS platform on which it will be executed and the abstraction of the communication and integration aspects among the proprietary REST APIs of the different TaaS providers. The approach also enables the summarization of automated test results independently of the underlying TaaS platform technologies. A comparative evaluation between Multi-TaaS and conventional migration approaches regarding the difficulty, efficiency, effectiveness and effort of migration among TaaS providers was conducted through controlled experiments.The results show the approach facilitates the exchange of test service, improves efficiency and reduces the effort and maintenance costs of migration among TaaS providers. The studies conducted in the controlled experiment are promising and can assist software engineers in decision-making regarding the risks associated with vendor lock-in in TaaS. The Multi-TaaS approach contributes mainly to the portability of automated tests in the cloud and summarization of their results. Finally, this research enables also the widespread adoption of the TaaS service model in cloud computing, consciously, in the future.
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Roach, Robert G. "The school reform movement and high stakes standardized testing: An analysis of factors impacting the academic outcomes of students receiving special education services." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4750/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate special education outcomes in relation to state standardized testing. It specifically sought to determine if a relationship existed between selected data from the Texas Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS) comparing district students receiving special education services TAAS scores with selected district demographic, fiscal, and special education data. The population for this study consisted of all 2001-2002 grades 3-8 and 10 public school students with the exception of charter schools, special-purpose statutory districts, and state-administered districts. The reading analysis incorporated data from 896 Texas school districts. The mathematics analysis used data from 914 school districts. Multiple linear hierarchical regression was chosen as the method for statistical analysis. Data was obtained from the Texas Education Agency (TEA) as a special data pull. For both the reading and mathematics analyses, wealth and ethnicity were statistically insignificant although ethnicity individually accounted for a large percentage of the variance for both the reading (20.3%) and mathematics (13.2%) scores as well as producing negative β weights. All other predictor variables produced varying degrees of statistical significance. Community type, socioeconomic status, instructional expenditures per students, and instructional expenditures per student receiving special education services also produced negative β weights. Two variables in this study, enrollment and the percentage of students receiving special education services tested, produced positive β weights, substantial squared structure coefficients, and positive Pearson correlation coefficients. Of these two predictors, the strongest overall positive predictor for students receiving special education services success on the grades 3-8 and 10 reading and mathematics TAAS exams was the percentage of students receiving special education services tested. These percentages produced the largest positive correlations with passing rates (reading r = .283, mathematics r = .219) and the second largest regression coefficients (reading β = .224, mathematics β = .202). They individually accounted for the largest percentage of total criterion variance (reading = 33.0%, mathematics = 22.6%). For this study, these results clearly suggested that the dominant positive predictor of testing success for students receiving special education services was the percentage of students receiving special education services tested. Conversely, socioeconomic status was the dominant negative predictor.
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Utku, Selma. "Web Service Testing For Domain Specific Web Service Discovery Framework." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614083/index.pdf.
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The reliability of web services is important for both users and other service providers, with which they are in interaction. Thus, to guarantee reliability of the web services that are invoked and integrated at runtime, automatic testing of web services is needed.
In web service testing, different test cases for web services are generated. The most important issue is to generate the most appropriate value for input parameters of web services at runtime. In this thesis, we developed a method for automatic web service testing that uses semantics dependency-based and data mutation-based techniques to analyze web services and generate different test cases. Thus, we both check whether the services function correctly by generating appropriate input values from different data sources and check robustness of web services by generating random and error-prone data inputs. With respect to the behaviors of web services, the test values are calculated and saved to the database for each web service.
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Endo, André Takeshi. "Model based testing of service oriented applications." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-20062013-140259/.
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SERVICE oriented architecture (SOA) is an architectural style to structure software systems, fostering loose coupling and dynamic integration among the applications. The use of SOA and Web services to develop complex and large business processes demands more formal and systematic testing. In addition, characteristics of this type of software limit the straightforward application of traditional testing techniques. Model-based testing (MBT) is a promising approach to deal with these problems. This dissertation investigates how two modeling techniques, namely Finite State Machine (FSM) and Event Sequence Graph (ESG), can be used to support MBT of service-oriented applications. Both techniques model different aspects and can be applied in a complementary way. Initially, we define an MBT process for service-oriented applications that employs FSMs. Based on previous experience, we propose a model-based approach to test composite services using ESGs. This approach is holistic, once test suites are generated to cover both desired situations (positive testing) and unexpected behaviors (negative testing). Three experimental studies evaluate the proposed approach: (i) a case study, (ii) a cost analysis, and (iii) a study in industry. Testing tools are also presented to support its practical useA Arquitetura orientada a serviço (SOA) é um estilo arquitetural para estruturar sistemas de software de modo que exista um baixo grau de acoplamento entre as aplicações e essas possam ser facilmente integradas de forma dinâmica. A incorporação de SOA e serviços Web em sistemas que modelam processos de negócios grandes e complexos contribui para a necessidade de testes mais formais e sistemáticos. Além disso, características próprias dessa nova classe de software fazem com que técnicas de teste tradicionais não possam ser diretamente aplicadas. O teste baseado em modelo (TBM) apresenta-se como uma abordagem promissora que busca a resolução desses problemas. Esta tese investiga como duas técnicas de modelagem, Máquina de Estados Finitos (MEF) e Grafo de Sequência de Eventos (GSE), podem ser utilizadas para apoiar o TBM de aplicações orientadas a serviço. Essas técnicas modelam diferentes aspectos e podem ser aplicadas de forma complementar. Inicialmente, é definido um processo de TBM para aplicações orientadas a serviço que emprega MEFs. Com base na experiência adquirida, é proposta uma abordagem baseada em modelo para o teste de serviços compostos usando GSEs. Essa abordagem é holística uma vez que conjuntos de teste são gerados para cobrir tanto situações desejadas (teste positivo) quanto comportamentos inesperados (teste negativo). Três estudos experimentais avaliam a abordagem proposta: (i) um estudo de caso, (ii) uma análise de custo e (ii) um estudo na indústria. Ferramentas de teste também são apresentadas para apoiar o uso prático da abordagem proposta
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Levin, Lukas, and Christoffer Stjernlöf. "Automated Testing Toolkit Service : Software Requirements Specification." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-227859.
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Frequent automated testing of software services is vital to speed up the development cycle and ensure upgrades do not break existing features. With a centralised testing service, it is also possible to catch errors at customer sites before they become severe enough that the customers (or in the end – regular people) start suffering from them. It also gives the customers an insight into how well their services are working at a predictable cost. When developing a larger software system such as an automated testing service toolkit, a requirements specification can drastically cut development costs at the expense of a larger up-front investment. We discover some of the immediately important requirements for the first version of such an automated testing toolkit.Upprepade automatiserade tester av mjukvarutjänster är mycket viktiga för att öka utvecklingshastigheten och försäkra att uppgraderingar inte påverkar existerande, äldre delar av systemet. Med en centraliserad testningstjänst är det också möjligt att upptäcka fel i kundens miljö innan de blir allvarliga nog att kunden märker av dem. Det ger även kunden en möjlighet att se hur väl deras tjänster fungerar utan att behöva betala oförutsedda driftrelaterade kostnader. När större mjukvarusystem, som en centraliserad tjänst för automatiserade tester, kan en kravspecifikation drastiskt minska utvecklingskostnaden mot en större initial investering. Vi har undersökt vilka några av de omedelbart viktiga kraven är för en första version av denna typ av tjänst.
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Maesano, Ariele. "Bayesian dynamic scheduling for service composition testing." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066100/document.
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Aujourd'hui la connectivité entre les systèmes se standardise. Il supprime l'intervention humaine et permet aux systèmes distribués d'accomplir des tâches longues et complexes. La SOA est une approche fondée sur le modèle qui s'appuie sur des contrats et qui permet aux systèmes existants de collaborer par échange de messages. De multiples organisations peuvent, automatiser des échanges de services sans risquer leur confidentialité. Cette collaboration est à l'origine des difficultés concernant le test, parce que si il a des échanges entre les différents partenaires, le fonctionnement interne de processus résultant dans l'information échangé est limité à certains partenaires/testeurs. Ceci nous place dans un cadre de tests boîte grise où les systèmes sont des boîtes noires et seulement l'échange de message est visible. C'est pourquoi nous proposons une approche probabiliste en utilisant l'inférence bayésienne pour tester les SOA. Le deuxième défi est leur taille. Etant donné que les systèmes sont connectés de manière lâche en les couplant deux par deux selon les spécifications, une SOA peut contenir un nombre très important de participants et donc une grande taille. La taille des SOA se reflète dans la complexité de l'inférence bayésienne. Cette seconde contrainte pousse à chercher de meilleure solution pour l'inférence bayésienne. Afin de faire face à la taille et la densité de la BN, même pour de petits services architectures, les techniques d'inférence par compilation dirigée par les modèles qui permet la génération rapide de circuits arithmétiques directement à partir du modèle de l'architecture des services et de la suite de tests sont en cours d'élaborationIn present times connectivity between systems becomes more common. It removes human mediation and allows complex distributed systems to autonomously complete long and complex tasks. SOA is a model driven contract based approach that allows legacy systems to collaborate by messages exchange. Collaboration, here, is a key word in the sense that multiple organisation can, with this approach, automate services exchanges between them without putting at risks their confidentiality. This cause to encounter the first difficulty, because if there are exchanges between the different partners, the inner-processes resulting in the exchange information is restricted to some partners and therefor to some of the testers. That put us in a grey-box testing case where the systems are black-boxes and only the message exchange is visible. That is why we propose a probabilistic approach using Bayesian Inference to test the architectures. The second Challenge is the size of the SOA. Since the systems are connected by loosely coupling them two by two according to SOA Specifications, SOA can contain a very important number of participants. In Fact most of the existing SOA are very important in there size. The size of the SOA is reflected in the complexity of the Bayesian inference. This second challenge constraints us to search for better solution for the Bayesian Inference. In order to cope with the size and density of the BN for even small services architectures, techniques of model-driven inference by compilation that allows quick generation of arithmetic circuits directly from the services architecture model and the test suite are being developed
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Reetz, Eike S. "Service testing for the 'Internet of Things'." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/810848/.
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Services that represent sensor and actuator nodes, together with service orchestration, aid in overcoming the heterogeneous structure of the Internet of Things (IoT). Interconnecting different sensor and actuator nodes and exposing them as services is a complex topic which is even more demanding for testing. Further effort is needed to enable common and effcient methodologies for testing IoT-based services. IoT-based services differ from web services since they usually interact with the physical environment via sensor and actuator nodes. This changes how testing can be performed. An open research question is thereby how to apply Model-Based Testing (MBT) approaches for facilitating scalable and ef cient test automation. This thesis introduces a novel test framework to facilitate functional evaluation of IoT- based services based on MBT methodologies. The concept separates the service logic from connected sensor and actuator nodes in a sandbox environment. Furthermore, a new IoT service behaviour model is designed for representing relevant characteristics of IoT-based services and ensuring the automated emulation of sensor nodes. The IoT-behaviour model proves to be automatically transformable into executable Test Cases (TCs). As a proof of concept, the automated test approach is prototypically implemented as a novel test tool. The execution of the TCs reveals, that crucial failures, such as unexpected messages, data types, or data values, can be detected during test execution. Deriving tests from a test model typically result in huge number of TCs, which cannot be executed within a reasonable time and with limited resources. To enhance the diversity of executed TCs, similarity investigation algorithms are proposed and validated. The results show that the proposed Diversity-based Steady State Genetic algorithm can outperform existing solutions up to 11.6 % with less computation time. With regard to verifying the failure detection rate, experiments show that the proposed Group Greedy algorithm can enhance the rate up to 29 %.
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Ahlberg, Jesper, and Andreas Andrén. "Usability Optimization and Testing Of Social Music Service." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50063.
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Music playback in venues is very often controlled by the small group of people administrating the business or locale, and not by the audience of listeners themselves. The people listening rarely have any ability to affect the choice of music within the public place or business they are currently situated in. This master thesis is built around a developed social music service, that lets the listeners control the playback of music together. The project is called: Blicko, and it enables its users to collaboratively build up a playlist of music, and then vote on the order of the upcoming tracks to be played. It can be thought of as a tool which has similar functions to a jukebox. The service enables the visitors or attendees at any type of public place or venue (i.e. cafes, bars, lobby, restaurants etc.) to be a part of deciding and controlling which music is being played. The thesis is dedicated to examine the best way of refining the service, in terms of optimizing the User Experience (UX), by application of different practices and methods within the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This also involves managing the complications that rises when developing a multi-platform service for a wide range of devices.
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Dattatreya, Nadig Nikhil. "Testing Resilience of Envoy Service Proxy with Microservices." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264111.
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Large scale internet services are increasingly implemented as distributed systems to achieve availability, fault tolerance and scalability. To achieve fault tolerance, microservices need to employ different resilience mechanisms such as automatic retries, rate limiting, circuit breaking amongst others to make the services handle failures gracefully and cause minimum damage to the performance of the overall system. These features are provided by service proxies such as Envoy which is deployed as a sidecar (sidecar proxy is an application design pattern which abstracts certain features, such as inter-service communications, monitoring and security, away from the main architecture to ease the tracking and maintenance of the application as a whole), the service proxies are very new developments and are constantly evolving. Evaluating their presence in a system to see if they add latency to the system and understand the advantages provided is crucial in determining their fit in a large scale system.Using an experimental approach, the services are load tested with and without the sidecar proxies in different configurations to determine if the usage of Envoy added latency and if its advantages overshadow its disadvantages. The Envoy sidecar proxy adds latency to the system; however, the benefits it brings in terms of resilience, make the services perform better when there is a high number of failures in the system.Storskaliga internettjänster implementeras alltmer som distribuerade system för att uppnå tillgänglighet, feltolerans och skalbarhet. För att uppnå feltolerans måste microservices använda olika typer av resiliens mekanismer som automatisk återförsök, hastighetsbegränsning, kretsbrytning bland annat som tillåter tjänsterna att hantera misslyckanden graciöst och orsaka minimala skador på prestandan hos det övergripande systemet. Dessa funktioner tillhandahålls av service proxies som Envoy. Dessa proxies används som sidovagn (sidvagnproxy är ett applikationsdesignmönster som abstraherar vissa funktioner, såsom kommunikation mellan kommunikationstjänster, övervakning och säkerhet, bort från huvudarkitekturen för att underlätta spårningen och underhåll av ansökan som helhet). Dessa tjänster är väldigt nya och utvecklas ständigt. Att utvärdera deras närvaro i ett system för att se om de lägger till latens för systemet och förstå fördelarna som tillhandahålls är avgörande för att bestämma hur väl de skulle passa i ett storskaligt system. Med hjälp av ett experimentellt tillvägagångssätt testas tjänsterna med och utan sidospårproxys i olika konfigurationer för att avgöra om användningen av Envoy lägger till latens och om dess fördelar överskuggar dess nackdelar. Envoy sidecar proxy ökar latensen i systemet; De fördelar som det ger med avseende på resiliens gör tjänsterna bättre när det finns ett stort antal misslyckanden i systemet.
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Stahl, Alexander. "nsAnalyser : Speech quality testing application for telephone service." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123594.
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This degree project was made in collaboration with Nordicstation. The project task was to develop a testing application for a self-developed telephone survey service, which uses third party software. This third party software showed to be unreliable at higher loads. The purpose of the application is to analyse the speech quality of clients connected to the service. This report gives an introduction to the speech quality algorithms Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) and Single Sided Speech Quality Measure (3SQM). It also gives descriptions of the methods used to develop the application. The final chapters in this report are about the testing of the telephone service. The primary result of the testing was that the telephone service is unable to acceptably handle 80+ clients and recommendations to Nordicstation is to set a maximum of parallel connected clients to 80 or find an alternative to the third party software currently in use.Detta examensarbete har gjorts i samarbete med Nordicstation. Projektets uppgift var att utveckla ett test program för at testa en egenutvecklad telefonundersökning-tjänst, baserad på tredjeparts mjukvara. Denna tredjeparts mjukvara visade sig vara opålitlig vid högre belastning. Syftet med programmet är att analysera samtals kvalitéten på de klienter som är anslutna till tjänsten. Denna rapport ger en introduktion till ljudkvalitetsalgoritmer så som Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) och Single Sided Speech Quality Measure (3SQM). Rapporten går även igenom de metoder som använts för att utvecklat programmet. De sista kapitlen i denna rapport är om själva testningen av telefonitjänsten. Det primära resultatet av testningen var att telefontjänsten inte kan hantera 80+ klienter acceptabelt och rekommendationer till Nordicstation är att sätta ett tak på maximalt parallellt anslutna klienter till 80 eller hitta ett alternativ till den tredjeparts mjukvara som nu används.
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Morin, Gregory Scott. "Service life prediction of composite structures through fiber testing." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27260.
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Increasing the severity of the stress history of a structure reduces it's service life. Feasibility studies to increase the zero fuel weight of the P-3 Orion depend heavily on the resulting decrease in service life of the wing box and airframe. One option of extending the service life of existing aircraft is through the replacement or augmentation of critical structural members with composite materials. Since structural composites do not yet have adequate service life statistics, life predication must be through probability modeling. Such modeling can begin with experimental data on accelerated testing of fiber life under several sustained load levels. This data can be the basis for an appropriate strength-life model of the fiber which can in term be related to the strength-life model of the composite by the local-load sharing model. The local load sharing model captures the physical failure sequence of fiber failure within a composite. Such a strength-life model, when combined with structural analysis, can be used to predict an airframe's service life under the changed conditions associated with the zero fuel weight increase
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Sargeant, Anthony John. "Testing the dependability of dynamic binding in service-oriented computing." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616303.
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Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) provides a flexible framework in which applications may be built up from services, often distributed across a network. One of the promises of SOC is that of Dynamic Binding where abstract consumer requests are bound to concrete service instances at runtime, thereby offering a high level of flexibility and adaptability. Existing research has so far focused mostly on the design and implementation of dynamic binding operations and there is little research into a comprehensive evaluation of dynamic binding systems, especially in terms of system failure and dependability. This work presents a novel, extensible evaluation framework that allows for the testing and assessment of a Dynamic Binding System (DBS). Based on a fault model specially built for DBS's, the system is able to insert selectively the types of fault that would affect a DBS and observe its behaviour. By treating the DBS as a black box and distributing the components of the evaluation framework, it is not restricted to the implementing technologies of the DBS, nor does it need to be co-located in the same environment as the DBS under test. This thesis presents the results of a series of experiments on two case studies; a proof-of-concept DBS, and a real-life DBS. Here the focus is on the interactions between each DBS and the services they employ as well as interactions with a client of the DBS. The results on the proof-of-concept Calculator-DBS and real-life NECTISE Software Demonstrator (NSD) system show that the proposed method and testing framework is able to trigger abnormal behaviour of the NSD due to communication and interaction faults and generate important information for improving both dependability and performance of the system under test.
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Altalabani, Osama. "An automatic machine-learning framework for testing service-oriented architecure." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/32198/.
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Today, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) systems such as web services have the advantage of offering defined protocol and standard requirement specifications by means of a formal contract between the service requestor and the service provider, for example, the WSDL (Web Services Description Language) , PBEL (Business Process Execution Language), and BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation). This gives a high degree of flexibility to the design, development, Information Technology (IT) infrastructure implementation, and promise a world where computing resources work transparently and efficiently. Furthermore, the rich interface standards and specifications of SOA web services (collectively referred to as the WS-* Architecture) enable service providers and consumers to solve important problems, as these interfaces enable the development of interoperable computing environments that incorporate end-to-end security, reliability and transaction support, thus, promoting existing IT infrastructure investments. However, many of the benefits of SOA become challenges for testing approaches and frameworks due to their specific design and implementation characteristics, which cause many testability problems. Thus, a number of testing approaches and frameworks have been proposed in the literature to address various aspects of SOA testability. However, most of these approaches and frameworks are based on intuition and not carried out in a systematic manner that is based on the standards and specifications of SOA. Generally, they lack sophisticated and automated testing, which provide data mining and knowledge discovery in accordance with the system based on SOA requirements, which consequently would provide better testability, deeper intelligence and prudence. Thus, this thesis proposes an automated and systematic testing framework based on user requirements, both functional and non-functional, with support of machine-learning techniques for intelligent reliability, real-time monitoring, SOA protocols and standard requirements coverage analysis to improve the testability of SOA-based systems. This thesis addresses the development, implementation, and evaluation of the proposed framework, by means of a proof-of-concept prototype for testing SOA systems based on the web services protocol stack specifications. The framework extends to intelligent analysis of SOA web service specifications and the generation of test cases based on static test analysis using machine-learning support.
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Jno-Baptiste, Carol R. "HIV Testing Service Utilization among Men and Women in Dominica." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10829331.
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Voluntary HIV/AIDS testing and counselling (VHTC) is one of the preventive measures used in many countries to decrease the spread of HIV/AIDS. Archived data from National HIV/AIDS Response Program’s (NHARP) raw 2016 dataset were used to identify relationships and to assess significant differences between sociodemographic factors and selected sexual risk behaviours versus VHTC practices among adults 18 years and older who resided in Dominica. The health belief model was used as the framework for this cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 982 participants (40% [394] men and 60% [588] women). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between sociodemographic and sexual risk exposure factors versus VHTC. Findings revealed that, as compared to age group > 65 years, participants in age groups 25–44 years were 5 times more likely—and 45-64 years were 2 times more likely—to have engaged in VHTC (OR = 5.11, 95% CI = 2.03, 12.8 and OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.07, 6.49, respectively). The odds not to engage in VHTC were 48% higher for participants from Grand Bay district (rural area) compared to Roseau health district (capital) (OR = .52, 95% CI = .29, .94). The odds of nonengagement in VHTC were 51% higher for participants not having vaginal sex, compared to those who reported having vaginal sex ( OR = .49, 95% CI = .26, .92). The implications for positive social change include providing public health practitioners with data to plan and implement educational programs specific to the demographic characteristics in Dominica. This will enhance current efforts to raise awareness regarding HIV/AIDS and may increase VHTC practice among the population that may reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS.
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Jno, Baptiste-Smith Carol Rosetta. "HIV Testing Service Utilization Among Men and Women in Dominica." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5354.
Full textAbstract:
Voluntary HIV/AIDS testing and counselling (VHTC) is one of the preventive measures used in many countries to decrease the spread of HIV/AIDS. Archived data from National HIV/AIDS Response Program's (NHARP) raw 2016 dataset were used to identify relationships and to assess significant differences between sociodemographic factors and selected sexual risk behaviours versus VHTC practices among adults 18 years and older who resided in Dominica. The health belief model was used as the framework for this cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 982 participants (40% [394] men and 60% [588] women). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between sociodemographic and sexual risk exposure factors versus VHTC. Findings revealed that, as compared to age group > 65 years, participants in age groups 25-44 years were 5 times more likely--and 45-64 years were 2 times more likely--to have engaged in VHTC (OR = 5.11, 95% CI = 2.03, 12.8 and OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.07, 6.49, respectively). The odds not to engage in VHTC were 48% higher for participants from Grand Bay district (rural area) compared to Roseau health district (capital) (OR = .52, 95% CI = .29, .94). The odds of nonengagement in VHTC were 51% higher for participants not having vaginal sex, compared to those who reported having vaginal sex (OR = .49, 95% CI = .26, .92). The implications for positive social change include providing public health practitioners with data to plan and implement educational programs specific to the demographic characteristics in Dominica. This will enhance current efforts to raise awareness regarding HIV/AIDS and may increase VHTC practice among the population that may reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS.
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MOHAN, A. "SYNCHRONOUS-SATELLITE SERVICE FOR AERONAUTICAL FLIGHT TESTING - AN INDIAN MODEL." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615304.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 13-16, 1986 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaOne of the fastest methods of flight testing prototype aircraft and other aerospace vehicles is to use real-time tele-links. This method, has cutshort flight development cost, time and effort considerably. However, there are certain shortcomings in this methodology, such as, limited range, multipath effects, capability to test only one aircraft at a time, using auto-track systems, limiting the scene of activity to one centre etc. Opening other flight test centre in the country would mean duplication. With the daunting prospect of flight testing supersonic fighter aircraft in the 90’s, it becomes necessary to think of alternatives. This presentation describes a synchronous satellite system concept, as a suitable alternative for the Indian environment. It is concluded that in the Indian context, an operational system based on this concept is absolutely feasible and that a follow-up system would be a Domestic MILSAT communication network that apart from serving the flight test needs, meets the service requirements of other military aeronautical agencies in India.
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Ugaas, Ahmed A. "WS-CDL Based Specification for Web Services Collaboration Testing." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_theses/54.
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Service Oriented Computing(SOC) is becoming a major paradigm for developing next generation of software systems, and one of the major challenges of Service Oriented Computing is testing interactions and collaborations among the distributed and dynamically integrated web services. To support automated test of web service‟s collaborations, a formal specification is needed. This thesis proposes a specification of web services collaborations based on Web Services Choreography Description Language (WS-CDL). We identify the basic constructs that can be found in any web services collaboration, and we mapped them to the new WS-CDL based language (WS-CDL+). Finally, A scenario of web services collaboration is developed and specification in WS-CDL+ is provided. This work builds a foundation for automated web services testing in a service oriented computing environment.
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Ripoll, Pascual Guillem. "Public service motivation and ethics: from theory building to theory testing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667729.
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Aquesta tesi realitzada per compilació d'articles revisa la relació entre la motivació pel servei públic (PSM) i l’ètica. La PSM, o la motivació per servir a la societat, i l'ètica, o l'estudi del que moralment és correcte o incorrecte, són dos temes fonamentals dintre de l'administració i la gestió pública. Tot i estar relacionats originalment, les investigacions realitzades fins ara s’han centrat principalment en examinar el paper que juga la PSM en la probabilitat de denunciar fets no ètics ò fer donacions. No obstant, s'han dedicat molt pocs esforços a inserir la PSM en teories de filosofia ètica, a explorar el costat ètic fosc de la PSM, a inserir la PSM en teories de psicologia moral, a connectar la PSM amb la teoria de violacions d’integritat, a diferenciar els efectes de la PSM en els resultats ètics i no ètics dels efectes provocats per altres motivacions laborals, i a calibrar l’impacte indirecte dels antecedents de la PSM en resultats ètics i no ètics. Per tal d’omplir tots aquests buits, aquesta tesi posa els valors i les identitats dels individus al centre de la discussió sobre com es poden fomentar les actituds i els comportaments ètics. S'han desenvolupat quatre articles seguint aquesta idea. El primer article ofereix un marc teòric per examinar la relació entre la PSM i l’ètica combinant filosofia ètica, teories d’identitat, psicològiques i d'autodeterminació. El segon i el tercer article enllacen PSM amb la literatura sobre violacions d'integritat, i proporcionen anàlisis empírics que mostren els diferents efectes de la PSM i altres motivacions laborals en l'acceptació d'actes no ètics. A més, avaluen l'impacte directe de la satisfacció de les necessitats psicològiques bàsiques i de la claredat dels objectius sobre la PSM, i l’impacte indirecte sobre el judici de les violacions d’integritat. El quart article proporciona suport empíric inicial a la conceptualització de PSM proporcionada en el primer article. Per fer-ho examina els diferents efectes del lideratge transaccional i transformacional, i la necessitat psicològica bàsica relacional en la PSM. En resum, a través del desenvolupament teòric i la comprovació empírica de la importància de com ‘són’ els individus, aquesta tesis ordena la investigació prèvia realitzada en el camp de la PSM i l’ètica, i s’encoratgen noves vies.Esta tesis realizada por compilación de artículos revisa la relación entre la motivación por el servicio público (PSM) y la ética. La PSM, o la motivación para servir a la sociedad, y la ética, o el estudio de lo que es moralmente correcto o incorrecto, son dos temas fundamentales dentro de la administración y la gestión pública. A pesar de estar relacionados originalmente, las investigaciones realizadas hasta ahora se han centrado principalmente en examinar el papel que juega la PSM en la probabilidad de denunciar hechos no éticos o hacer donaciones. No obstante, se han dedicado muy pocos esfuerzos a insertar la PSM en teorías de filosofía ética, a explorar el lado ético oscuro de la PSM, a insertar la PSM en teorías de psicología moral, a conectar la PSM con la teoría de violaciones de integridad, a diferenciar los efectos de la PSM en los resultados éticos y no éticos de los efectos provocados por otras motivaciones laborales, y a calibrar el impacto indirecto de los antecedentes de la PSM en resultados éticos y no éticos. Con el fin de llenar todos estos huecos, esta tesis pone los valores y las identidades de los individuos en el centro de la discusión sobre cómo se pueden fomentar las actitudes y los comportamientos éticos. Se han desarrollado cuatro artículos siguiendo esta idea. El primer artículo ofrece un marco teórico para examinar la relación entre la PSM y la ética combinando filosofía ética, teorías de identidad, psicológicas y de autodeterminación. El segundo y el tercer artículo enlazan la PSM con la literatura sobre violaciones de integridad, y proporcionan análisis empíricos que muestran los diferentes efectos de la PSM y otras motivaciones laborales en la aceptación de actos no éticos. Además, evalúan el impacto directo de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y de la claridad de los objetivos sobre la PSM, y el impacto indirecto sobre el juicio de las violaciones de integridad. El cuarto artículo proporciona apoyo empírico inicial a la conceptualización de PSM proporcionada en el primer artículo. Para ello examina los diferentes efectos del liderazgo transaccional y transformacional, y la necesidad psicológica básica relacional en la PSM. En resumen, a través del desarrollo teórico y la comprobación empírica de la importancia de cómo 'son' los individuos, esta tesis ordena la investigación previa realizada en el campo de la PSM y la ética, y se alientan nuevas vías.
This article-based compilation thesis revisits the link between public service motivation (PSM) and ethics. PSM, or the motivation to give back to society, and ethics, or the study of what is morally right and wrong, are two crucial topics in public administration and management. Although being originally interrelated, past research mainly examined the role PSM plays in shaping the likelihood of whistle-blowing and making donations. However, very little efforts have been devoted to insert PSM in ethics philosophy theories, to explore the ethical dark-side of PSM, to insert PSM in moral psychology theories, to connect PSM with integrity violations theory, to differentiate the effects of PSM on un/ethical outcomes from those of other work-motivations, and to assess the indirect impact of PSM-antecedents on un/ethical outcomes. To fill all these gaps, this thesis puts individuals’ values and identities at the centre of the discussion about how ethical attitudes and behaviours can be encouraged. Four articles have been developed following this idea. The first article offers a theoretical framework to examine the relationship between PSM and ethics by combining ethics philosophy, identity, moral psychological and self-determination theories. The second and third articles link PSM to integrity violations literature, and provide empirical analyses showing the distinct effects of PSM and other work-motivations on the acceptance of unethical acts. Moreover, they assess the direct impact of basic psychological needs satisfaction and goal clarity on PSM, and the indirect one on the judgement of integrity violations. The fourth article provides initial empirical support to the conceptualization of PSM offered in the first article by examining the distinct effects of transactional and transformational leadership, and the basic psychological need of relatedness on PSM. In sum, by theoretically developing and empirically testing the importance of how individuals ‘are,’ this thesis orders previous research in the PSM-ethics field, and encourages new avenues.
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Tantbirojn, Natee. "Fatigue testing of weldable high strength steels under simulated service conditions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399077.
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Olofsson, Louise. "Sustainable and scalable testing strategy in a multilayered service-based architecture." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80134.
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This thesis examines and evaluates whether it is possible to measure the quality of a software project and introduces a metric that will evaluate if the quality of every test performed when developing software can be measured. This subject is examined because it can be hard to conclude how well a project and all its parts performed, both during implementation and after it is done. To facilitate this need, this thesis provides a possible solution. To try and answer these questions and meet the needs of this tool a prototype has been developed. The prototype is automated and runs through all the software development tests selected for this project. It sums up the test results and later translates them with the help of a metric to tell its quality grade. The metric is calculated with the help of an arbitrary formula developed for this thesis. Once the metric is concluded the development team working with the project will have an overview of how well each test area is performing and how well the project's end result was. With the help of this metric it is also easier to see if the quality achieved meets the company’s standards and the customer’s wishes. The prototype aims to be sustainable because the solution should last for a long term and also because sustainability means a smoother and more efficient way for developers and other people involved to work with the prototype since not much extra work will be required when updates need to be implemented or other necessary implementations. The prototype is applied on a second project, which is larger and more advanced than the project created for this thesis, to get a better and accurate understanding if the implementation is correct and if the metric can be used as a value to describe a project. The metric results are compared and evaluated. The results of this thesis conclude a proof-of-concept and can be seen as a first step in a longer evaluation and process in determining the quality of tests. The results conclusion is that more parameters and more weighing of each tests importance are needed in order to achieve a reliable metric result. This tool is meant to ease and help developers to quickly come to a conclusion about how good the work is. It could also be beneficial for a company with focus on web development and IT-solutions though it will be easier to follow and set a standard for the services they provide.
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Lawrence, Estelle. "School-based HIV counselling and testing: providing a youth friendly service." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2159.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDHIV counselling and testing (HCT) is an essential element in the response to the HIV epidemic. Thereare still major gaps in research about the best ways to provide HCT, especially to young people. School-based HCT is a model which has been suggested for providing HCT to young people in a youth friendly manner. This study was aimed at producing recommendations for providing a youth friendly school-based HCT service using the World Health Organisation (WHO) framework for youth friendly health services. It was conducted in six secondary schools in Cape Town, where a mobile HCT service is provided by a nongovernmental organisation (NGO). It was an exploratory descriptive study, using a mixed-methods approach. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with learners to explore their needs with regards to school-based HCT. An evaluation (which consisted of observation of the HCT site, service provider interviews and direct observation of the HCT counselling process) was done to determine whether the mobile school-based HCT service was youth friendly. A learner survey was conducted with 529 learners to investigate the factors that influence the uptake of HCT and to explore learners’ behaviours and experiences under test conditions. In the FGDs, learners said that they wanted HCT to be provided in schools on condition that their fears and expressed needs were taken into account. They wanted their concerns regarding privacy and confidentiality addressed; they wanted to be provided with information regarding the benefits and procedure of HCT before testing took place; they wanted service providers to be competent to work with young people, and they wanted to be assured that those who tested positive were followed up and supported. On evaluation of the mobile school-based HCT service, it was evident that the service did not meet all the needs of the learners nor did it have all the characteristics of a youth friendly health service. The model of ‘mass testing’ used by the NGO did not fulfil learners’ expressed need for privacy with regards to HCT. Service providers were friendly and on-judgemental but had not been trained to work with young people (especially marginalised groups e.g. young men who have sex with men). The information needs of learners were not addressed, and learners were not involved in the provision of the HCT service. Learners who tested positive were not assisted in accessing care and support. The learner survey revealed a high uptake of HCT (71% of learners) at schools with learners who do not identify themselves as Black, with female learners and older learners being more likely to have had an HIV test. Factors that influenced uptake of HCT were complex, with learners reporting many different motivators and barriers to testing. Of concern was the low risk perception of learners with regards to HIV infection and the fact that learners who tested HIV positive were not being linked up with treatment and care. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made for proving youth friendly school based HCT. A multisectoral approach, with learner and community involvement, was suggested in order to provide a service which is equitable, accessible, acceptable, appropriate and effective.
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Mittal, Saurabh. "DEVS Unified Process For Integrated Development and Testing of Service Oriented Architectures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194093.
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Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) present challenges to current model-based software engineering methodologies such as Rational Unified Process (RUP). In this research effort we propose a process called DEVS Unified Process (DUNIP) that uses the DEVS formalism as a basis for automated generation of models from various requirement specifications and realization as SOA collaborative services. DEVS is inherently based on object oriented methodology and systems theory, and categorically separates the Model, the Simulator and the Experimental frame, and has been used for systems Modeling & Simulation over the years. DUNIP integrates these concepts into DEVSbased Bifurcated Model-Continuity life-cycle development methodology. The life-cycle begins by specifying the system requirements in a number of different formats such as state-based, BPMN/BPEL-based, message-based requirement specifications. DUNIP then automates the generation of DEVS models capable for distributed collaboration. The collaboration uses an XML-based DEVS Modeling Language (DEVSML) framework that provides the capability to integrate models that may be expressed in different DEVS implementation languages. The models are also made available for remote and distributed real-time execution over the SOA middleware in a manner transparent to the user. A prototype simulation framework has been implemented and is illustrated with an application to a system of collaborating military systems implemented and tested using Bifurcated Model-Continuity methodology. We also show how the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) can be enhanced to incorporate simulation based executable models using the DUNIP process.
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Valera, Giselle Elisa. "Quantitative methods for testing pricing strategies at the United States Postal Service." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111470.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2017."June 2017." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-72).
The United States Postal Service (USPS) faces intense competitive pressure in the shipping business. At the same time, shipping is becoming an increasingly critical segment of revenue and profitability for USPS. USPS' existing retail sales data can be analyzed for opportunities to improve profitability and the consumer experience. This paper introduces assortment optimization techniques USPS can use to identify improvements to their current retail pricing approach.
by Giselle Elisa Valera.
M.B.A.
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Zhai, Ke, and 翟可. "Budget-sensitive testing and analysis strategies and their applications to concurrent and service-based systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210386.
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Software testing is the most widely practiced approach to assure the correctness of programs. Despite decades of research progress, software testing is still considered very resource-demanding and time-consuming. In the recent decade, the wide adoption of multithreaded programs and the service-based architecture has further aggravated the problem that we are facing. In this thesis, we study issues in software testing where resource constraints (such as time spent and memory space allocated) are important considerations, and we look for testing techniques that are significantly advanced in effectiveness and efficiency given limited quotas of resources, which we refer to as budget. Our main focus is on two types of systems: concurrent systems and service-based systems.
The concurrent system is a class of computing system where programs are designed as collections of interacting and parallel computational processes. Unfortunately, concurrent programs are well known to be difficult to write and test: various concurrency bugs still exist in heavily-tested programs. To make it worse, detecting concurrency bugs is expensive, which is, for example, notorious for dynamic detection techniques that target high precision. This thesis proposes a dynamic sampling framework, CARISMA, to reduce the overhead dramatically while still largely preserving the bug detection capability. To achieve its goal, CARISMA intelligently allocates the limited budget on the computation resource through sampling. The core of CARISMA is a budget estimation and allocation framework whose correctness has been proven mathematically.
Another source of cost comes from the nondeterministic nature of concurrent systems. A common practice to test concurrent system is through stress testing where a system is executed with a large number of test cases to achieve a high coverage of the execution space. Stress testing is inherently costly. To this end, it is critical that the bug detection for each execution is effective, which demands a powerful test oracle. This thesis proposes such a test oracle, OLIN, which reports anomalies in the concurrent executions of programs. OLIN finds concurrency bugs that are consistently missed by previous techniques and incurs low overhead. OLIN can achieve a higher effectiveness within given time and computational budgets.
Service-based systems are composed of loosely coupled and unassociated units of functional units and are often highly concurrent and distributed. We have witnessed their prosperity in recent decades. Service-based systems are highly dynamic and regression testing techniques are applied to ensure their previously established functionality and correctness are not adversely affected by subsequent evolutions. However, regression testing is expensive and our thesis focuses on the prioritization of regression test cases to improve the effectiveness of testing within predefined constraints. This thesis proposes a family of prioritization metrics for regression testing of location-based services and presents a case study to evaluate their performance.
In conclusion, this thesis makes the following contributions to software testing and analysis: (1) a dynamic sampling framework for concurrency bug detection, (2) a test oracle for concurrent testing, and (3) a family of test case prioritization techniques for service-based systems. These contributions significantly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of resource utilization in software testing.published_or_final_version
Computer Science
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Farmahini, Farahani Aliakbar, and Emil Törmä. "Assessment of customers' service quality expectations : Testing the 'Hierarchical Structure for Airport Service Quality Expectations' in a Swedish context." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35043.
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The ‘Hierarchical structure for airport service quality expectations’ model originally comes from theory of service quality assessment and was created by Fodness and Murray in 2007 after a study at six U.S. airports. It reveals the most important factors that comprise service quality. This thesis tested the model in a Swedish context with an empirical study among passengers at two Swedish airports; Arlanda and Umeå. With the help of literature, the empirical study, and reasoning, the original model has been modified by the authors of this thesis. There are minor modifications but the three main factors remain as they were in the original model, namely function, interaction, and diversion.
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Marumahoko, Sylvester. "Testing the boundaries of Zimbabwe's fiscal decentralisation for urban councils." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2655_1306474131.
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There is a realisation that urbanisation has overstretched the ability and efforts of central governments to serve from the centre, thus, giving rise to the search for a robust decentralisation policy that vests urban local governments with some level of autonomy.1 It is in this context that decentralisation has become critical in order to sufficiently respond to the varied service delivery challenges brought about by increasing urbanisation. However, all efforts to capacitate urban councils through the process of decentralisation are futile if the urban local governments lack the necessary financial means to fulfil their responsibilities.
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Ilic, Slobodan Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Methodology of evaluation of in-service loads applied to the output shafts of automatic transmissions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30172.
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This work presents a novel methodology for evaluation of in service loads applied to the output shafts of automatic transmissions. It also presents a novel methodology of data reduction for shaft load signals as an alternative to the cycle counting methods. Current durability testing of automatic transmission output shafts uses 50 000 stall torque cycles from zero to wide open throttle. In the majority of cases, these requirements lead to an over design that can result in an unnecessarily bulky transmission system. As a solution to this problem a novel methodology for evaluation of loads applied to the output shafts of automatic transmissions was developed. The methodology is based on real world loading conditions and therefore leads to a more realistic estimation of the fatigue life of shafts. The methodology can be used as a tool for shaft optimisation in different drive conditions. Using the developed methodology the effects of different road conditions on the fatigue life of a transmission output shaft were compared. Four routes having differing driving conditions were investigated and of those routes, the route with most stop-start events resulted in the greatest reduction in fatigue life. A novel methodology of data reduction for shaft load signals was also developed. The methodology is based on knowledge of the bandwidth and dynamic range of the expected in-service load signal. This novel methodology allows significant reduction of the volume of data to be acquired. It preserves the time sequence of peaks and valleys of the signal, which is vital in the case of fatigue analysis. This is in contrast to current methods based on cycle counting. Cycle counting methods achieve high data reduction but do not preserve the time sequence of the signal. The developed novel methodology has been validated on the newly developed data acquisition system capable of real time data acquisition and compression of shaft torque signal. The performed tests show that the proposed one-channel low cost system equipped with 1 GB compact flash card can store well over 10 000 hrs of load history.
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Bozkurt, M. "Automated realistic test input generation and cost reduction in service-centric system testing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1400300/.
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Service-centric System Testing (ScST) is more challenging than testing traditional software due to the complexity of service technologies and the limitations that are imposed by the SOA environment. One of the most important problems in ScST is the problem of realistic test data generation. Realistic test data is often generated manually or using an existing source, thus it is hard to automate and laborious to generate. One of the limitations that makes ScST challenging is the cost associated with invoking services during testing process. This thesis aims to provide solutions to the aforementioned problems, automated realistic input generation and cost reduction in ScST. To address automation in realistic test data generation, the concept of Service-centric Test Data Generation (ScTDG) is presented, in which existing services used as realistic data sources. ScTDG minimises the need for tester input and dependence on existing data sources by automatically generating service compositions that can generate the required test data. In experimental analysis, our approach achieved between 93% and 100% success rates in generating realistic data while state-of-the-art automated test data generation achieved only between 2% and 34%. The thesis addresses cost concerns at test data generation level by enabling data source selection in ScTDG. Source selection in ScTDG has many dimensions such as cost, reliability and availability. This thesis formulates this problem as an optimisation problem and presents a multi-objective characterisation of service selection in ScTDG, aiming to reduce the cost of test data generation. A cost-aware pareto optimal test suite minimisation approach addressing testing cost concerns during test execution is also presented. The approach adapts traditional multi-objective minimisation approaches to ScST domain by formulating ScST concerns, such as invocation cost and test case reliability. In experimental analysis, the approach achieved reductions between 69% and 98.6% in monetary cost of service invocations during testing
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Zhao, Bowen. "TESTED : Service design for HIV testing in Sweden with a focus on immigrants." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76554.
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In 2018, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a social stigma in many different cultures. In Sweden because of the advanced treatment for HIV (Smittskyddsinstitutet, 2012) and people's attitude towards it (Danziger, 1999), it is less stigmatized when compared to other societies. Since 2003 the annual number of people who immigrate to Sweden is increasing drastically. A significant amount of people come to Sweden from different cultures with different backgrounds. In today’s Swedish society, immigrants make up a portion of the population that cannot be neglected. The Swedish healthcare system is not ready for this demographic change. The social stigma of HIV along with other things, like anxiety and fear of positive test result, create barriers of not taking an HIV test. Looking into deficiencies of current HIV testing services by field research that helps to understand reasons behind the dilemma. Research methods also include literature review, statistics analysis, interview, and workshop. The purpose of this project is to create a more inclusive healthcare system for immigrants in Sweden. What the design outcome of this project is a service design proposal for HIV testing providers in Sweden with a focus on immigrants.
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Svensson, Benjamin, and Kristian Varnai. "Servicing a Connected Car Service." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2453.
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Increased wireless connectivity to vehicles invites both existing and new digital methods of attack, requiring the high prioritisation of security throughout the development of not just the vehicle, but also the services provided for it. This report examines such a connected car service used by thousands of customers every day and evaluates it from a security standpoint. The methods used for this evaluation include both direct testing of vulnerabilities, as well as the examination of design choices made which more broadly affect the system as a whole. With the results are included suggestions for solutions where necessary, and in the conclusion, design pitfalls and general considerations for system development are discussed.
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Wacht, Patrick. "Framework for automated functional tests within value-added service environments." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5335.
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Recent years have witnessed that standard telecommunication services evolved more and more to next generation value-added services. This fact is accompanied by a change of service characteristics as new services are designed to fulfil the customer’s demands instead of just focussing on technologies and protocols. These demands can be very specific and, therefore, diverse potential service functionalities have to be considered by the service providers. To make matters worse for service providers, a fast transition from concept to market product and low price of a new service is required due to the increasing competition in the telecommunication industry. Therefore, effective test solutions need to be developed that can be integrated in current value-added service development life-cycles. Besides, these solutions should support the involvement of all participating stakeholders such as the service provider, the test developers as well as the service developers, and, in order to consider an agile approach, also the service customer. This thesis proposes a novel framework for functional testing that is based on a new sort of description language for value-added services (Service Test Description). Based on instances of the Service Test Description, sets of reusable test components described by means of an applied Statecharts notation are automatically selected and composed to so-called behaviour models. From the behaviour models, abstract test cases can be automatically generated which are then transformed to TTCN-3 test cases and then assembled to an Executable Test Suite. Within a TTCN-3 test system, the Executable Test Suite can be executed against the corresponding value-added service referred to as System Under Test. One benefit of the proposed framework is its application within standard development life-cycles. Therefore, the thesis presents a methodology that considers both service development and test development as parallel tasks and foresees procedures to synchronise the tasks and to allow an agile approach with customer involvement. The novel framework is validated through a proof-of-concept working prototype. Example value-added services have been chosen to illustrate the whole process from compiling instances of the Service Test Description until the execution of automated tests. Overall, this thesis presents a novel solution for service providers to improve the quality of their provided value-added services through automated functional testing procedures. It enables the early involvement of the customers into the service development life-cycle and also helps test developers and service developers to collaborate.
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Lin, Xuanyi. "Creating and Deploying Metamorphic Services for SWMM Community Based on FaaS Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623251020874486.
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Farj, Khaled Ali Saleh. "Fault injection testing method of software implemented fault tolerance mechanisms of web service systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1379.
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Testing Web Services applications and their Fault Tolerance Mechanisms (FTMs) is crucial for the development of today's applications. The performance and FTMs of composed service systems are hard to measure at design time because service instability is often caused by the nature of the network. Testing in a real internet environment is difficult to set up and control. However, the adequacy of FTMs and the performance of Web Service applications can be tested efficiently by injecting faults and observing how the target system performs under faulty conditions. This thesis investigates what is involved in testing the software-implemented fault tolerance mechanisms of Web Service systems through fault injection. We have developed a fault injection toolkit that emulates a WAN within a LAN environment between composed service components and offers full control over the emulated environments, in addition to the ability to inject communication and specific software faults. The tool also generates background workloads on the tested system for producing more realistic results. The testing method requires that the target system be constructed as a collection of Web Services applications interacting via messages. This enables the insertion of faults into the target system to emulate the incorrect behaviour of faulty conditions by injecting communication faults and manipulating messages. This approach allows the injection of faults while not requiring any significant changes to the target system. This testing method injects two classes of faults, manly communication and interface faults due to their big impact on Web service system dependability. The method differs from the previous work not only by injecting communication faults based on a Wide Area Network emulator, but also in its ability to inject a combination of communication and interface faults, which could cause what are called Byzantine faults (Arbitrary faults) at the application level. The proposed fault injection method has been applied to test a Web Service system deploying what is called a WS-Mediator for improving the system reliability. The WS-Mediator claims to offer comprehensive off-the-shelf fault tolerance mechanisms to cope with various kinds of typical Web Service application scenarios. We chose to use the N-version programming mechanism offered by the WS-Mediator, which has been tested through out tool. The testing demonstrated the usefulness of the method and its capacity to test the target system under different circumstances and faulty conditions.
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Penn, Chérie A. "Substance testing in the fire service: making public safety a matter of national policy." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41430.
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CHDS State/LocalThe state of fire service substance-testing policy nationwide, and what it should be, is the subject of this project. This thesis analyzed 12 substance-testing policies from fire departments across the country. The project looked at the language fire departments were using to convey the intent, process, and consequences of their policy. Common themes emerged as each policy was examined. However, upon closer examination, more inconsistency was found than uniformity. Differences ranged from policy purposes to prevailing guidance to types of substances tested for, threshold levels, and employee treatment, with the greatest difference found in the terminology. As a result of the analysis, this thesis identifies best practices and required components of a standardized national substance-testing policy, and asserts that such a national model should be implemented.
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McCann, Siobhan. "Roles and responsibilities in genetic testing : the views of GPs, conslutants and service users." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419072.
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Hogan-Young, Christine L. "Standardized Testing of Special Education Students: A Comparison of Service Type and Test Scores." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1116.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program Modified Academic Achievement Standards (TCAP MAAS) achievement test scores for special education students who receive their instruction in the resource classroom or in an inclusion classroom. The study involved third, fourth, and fifth grade special education students in an east Tennessee school district. The TCAP MAAS scale scores used were from the 2011-2012 school year. An independent samples t-test was implemented in this study. The dependent variable in the study was the TCAP MAAS scaled scores. The independent variable was student placement. Placement was regular education inclusion or special education resource class. The study included 11 elementary schools and 210 special education students’ scores. The results indicated significantly higher TCAP MAAS scaled scores of those students receiving their instruction in a regular education inclusion classroom in every analysis except for fifth grade Reading/Language Arts scores.
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Abo-Qudais, Saad A. "Mechanistic service life prediction of rigid pavement joint sealant: a new laboratory testing technique." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39042.
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A new method to evaluate the performance of sealants used in rigid pavement joints was developed. A special fixture, attached to a servo-hydraulic testing machine, was designed to transfer applied cyclic shear deflection to a sealant sandwiched between two 51 x 51 x 51 mm portland cement concrete (PCC) cubes at a constant horizontal deflection. The new testing method simulates field conditions where shear deflection is caused by vehicular loading, while horizontal deflection is caused by slabs contraction or expansion due to temperature variation. Two commercially available, a low modulus silicone (sealant A) and a polyurethane (sealant B), one-component sealant types were evaluated at different joint widths, number of freezing and thawing cycles, and horizontal deflections. Two types of aggregates were used in the PCC mixes to evaluate the effect of aggregate on sealant performance. A limited number of specimens were evaluated for sealant failure using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) was used to estimate the viscoelastic properties of sealants.Ph. D.
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Boster, Connor M. Boster. "Metallurgical Characterization and Testing of Dissimilar Metal Welds for Service in Hydrogen Containing Environments." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524179509481363.
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Hofmann, Nadine Elisabeth. "Testing a heuristic that determines customer service level in a two-echelon inventory system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24399.
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The purpose of this thesis is to test, via a GPSS simulation, a heuristic developed by B.A. Rosenbaum. The heuristic determines the level of service a customer receives in a multi-echelon inventory system. The system consists of one central Distribution Centre (DC) which is the source of supply for eight Regional Distribution Centres (RDC's), which themselves are the source of supply for customer demand. Service is defined to be the fraction of demand met from on-hand stock at the location where the order is placed.
Two distinct sets of tests on the heuristic are performed in this thesis. First, a wide range of parameter values are used in the simulations to test the sensitivity of the assumptions essential in the development of the heuristic. Second, the robustness of the heuristic is examined when different assumptions are substituted in the inventory system analysed.
The analysis indicates the heuristic performs fairly well under various conditions. In particular, increasing the order size or reducing the number of warehouses in the system yield calculated values predictive of the simulated results.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Vrána, Jaroslav. "Aplikace pro penetrační testování webových zranitelností typu Denial of Service." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-235528.
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This work deals with a issue of a DoS vulnerability in web applications. At first, there are described principles of a computer security, general principles of the DoS and a penetration testing. Further text describes a OWASP Testing Guide v3 for the DoS in web applications. There is a design of own application on basis own experiences. This application is implemented and tested by the web applications.
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Falke, Martin. "Stress-Testing im Kreditportfoliomanagement /." Duisburg ; Köln : WiKu, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015623682&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Smith, Andrea Michelle. "THE CULTURE CONNECTION: TESTING A MODEL OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ATTITUDES TOWARD MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Kentucky, 2009.Title from document title page (viewed on September 16, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: vii, 99 p : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-94).
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Simons, A. J. H., and Raluca Lefticaru. "A verified and optimized Stream X-Machine testing method, with application to cloud service certification." Wiley, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17608.
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YesThe Stream X-Machine (SXM) testing method provides strong and repeatable guarantees of functional correctness, up to a specification. These qualities make the method attractive for software certification, especially in the domain of brokered cloud services, where arbitrage seeks to substitute functionally equivalent services from alternative providers. However, practical obstacles include: the difficulty in providing a correct specification, the translation of abstract paths into feasible concrete tests, and the large size of generated test suites. We describe a novel SXM verification and testing method, which automatically checks specifications for completeness and determinism, prior to generating complete test suites with full grounding information. Three optimisation steps achieve up to a ten-fold reduction in the size of the test suite, removing infeasible and redundant tests. The method is backed by a set of tools to validate and verify the SXM specification, generate technology-agnostic test suites and ground these in SOAP, REST or rich-client service implementations. The method was initially validated using seven specifications, three cloud platforms and five grounding strategies.
European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 328392, the Broker@Cloud project [11].
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Allen, Deborah. "The experience of undergoing the hepatitis C testing process : perspectives of service users and professionals." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421126.
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Mei, Lijun, and 梅立军. "XML-manipulating techniques for the testing and analysis of XML-manipulating services." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45826468.
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Foulkes, Philip James. "An investigation into the control of audio streaming across networks having diverse quality of service mechanisms." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004865.
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The transmission of realtime audio data across digital networks is subject to strict quality of service requirements. These networks need to be able to guarantee network resources (e.g., bandwidth), ensure timely and deterministic data delivery, and provide time synchronisation mechanisms to ensure successful transmission of this data. Two open standards-based networking technologies, namely IEEE 1394 and the recently standardised Ethernet AVB, provide distinct methods for achieving these goals. Audio devices that are compatible with IEEE 1394 networks exist, and audio devices that are compatible with Ethernet AVB networks are starting to come onto the market. There is a need for mechanisms to provide compatibility between the audio devices that reside on these disparate networks such that existing IEEE 1394 audio devices are able to communicate with Ethernet AVB audio devices, and vice versa. The audio devices that reside on these networks may be remotely controlled by a diverse set of incompatible command and control protocols. It is desirable to have a common network-neutral method of control over the various parameters of the devices that reside on these networks. As part of this study, two Ethernet AVB systems were developed. One system acts as an Ethernet AVB audio endpoint device and another system acts as an audio gateway between IEEE 1394 and Ethernet AVB networks. These systems, along with existing IEEE 1394 audio devices, were used to demonstrate the ability to transfer audio data between the networking technologies. Each of the devices is remotely controllable via a network neutral command and control protocol, XFN. The IEEE 1394 and Ethernet AVB devices are used to demonstrate the use of the XFN protocol to allow for network neutral connection management to take place between IEEE 1394 and Ethernet AVB networks. User control over these diverse devices is achieved via the use of a graphical patchbay application, which aims to provide a consistent user interface to a diverse range of devices.
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White, James Michael. "The Development and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Client Satisfaction of Child Protective Service Families." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1289.
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The purpose of this study was to develop and test an instrument to measure client satisfaction among families who are clients of a child protective services agency. With the growing numbers of families coming into contact with CPS agencies, the burgeoning numbers of children in foster care, and the increasing attention to the effectiveness of services within this population, client feedback is one approach that has been largely ignored by CSP administrators. The basic problem this dissertation addressed is the issue of obtaining feedback from the involuntary client, such as the family in a child abuse case. Specifically, this dissertation addressed the following four research questions: 1. Can a client satisfaction instrument be developed for CPS clients largely through the input of the clients? 2. What are the domains of satisfaction that are applicable to CPS families? 3. How much involvement do the CPS families feel that they have in the planning and decision-making in their cases? What impact does this have on their overall level of satisfaction? 4. What are the relationships among the various domains of satisfaction and the overall level of satisfaction? Two rounds of interviews were held with families who had been clients of the CPS agency serving the State of Oregon, Children's Services Division. These interviews served as the major source of information for the identification of satisfaction domains and for the development of a closed-ended instrument to measure these domains. The responses to the interviews were content analyzed and four specific domains of client satisfaction were identified. These were: (a) Helpfulness, (b) Partnership, (c) Choice, and (d) Information Sharing. Items were also developed to comprise a "General Satisfaction" domain. A closed-ended instrument was constructed and pre-tested in two large Branch offices of the agency. This instrument included five items to address the interest of the agency in the issue of "convenience." It also included seven items to gather information concerning the opinions of clients on the agency mission and goals. Results of the pre-test were analyzed and the instrument revised. The final instrument was mailed to a population of 4,337 CPS families. Surveys were returned by 489, or 11%, of the families. Analyses, including correlational analysis, factor analysis, and internal consistency reliability analysis, provided empirical support for the domains identified through the client interviews Analysis provided very little support for the "convenience" domain. Satisfaction on the four scales measuring the four domains of satisfaction was positively correlated with measure of overall satisfaction. The overall theme which ran through the entire client survey instrument was that of empowerment. Three of the four domains of satisfaction which were identified were: Ca) "Partnership," (b) "Choice," and (c) "Information Sharing." The challenge is for CPS agencies to incorporate these issues into their practice.
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Lalanne, Felipe. "Modeling and methodologies for the test of IMS services." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787566.
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Conformance testing is the process of checking that a system possesses a set of desired properties and behaves in accordance with some predefined requirements. In this context, passive testing techniques are used when the system under test cannot be interrupted or access to the system's interfaces is unavailable. Passive testing relies on the observation of the implementation during runtime, and the comparison of the observation with the expected behavior, defined through conformance properties. The objective of this thesis is to define a novel methodology to validate communicating protocols by passive testing. Existing approaches are derived from works with finite-state and labelled transition specifications and as such, they presume there exists a causality relation between the events observed in the implementation (the trace). When dealing with message-based protocols, such as the Session Initiation Protocol (fundamental for IMS services), such causality does not necessarily exist and furthermore, it may only be determined through data parts. Since existing techniques are optimized for dealing with control parts, they present limitations for testing based on data parts: reduced expressibility and succinctness of conformance properties, as well as problems to deal with satisfaction of properties including future conditions. In this work we present a message-based/data-centric approach for dealing with these issues. Observations in a trace are in the form of messages. Expected behavior is defined in a bottom-up fashion, starting from expected criteria that must be fulfilled by one or more messages, defined as constraints between the message data fields. Temporal relations by quantification over the criteria, e.g. a property may require that certain criteria "must be held for all messages in the trace". Our approach allows to express formulas about the future and past of the trace, allowing to define more general criteria than through control parts alone. Issues related to satisfaction of properties and declaration of conformance verdicts are also discussed here. Although observation of a behavior defined as a property is indication of conformance, lack of observation is not necessarily indicative of a fault. Several solutions to this issue have been proposed and implemented in this work. Finally, our work presents interesting perspectives, in terms of extensibility for online detection or improved expressiveness, but also since a message-based approach provides an alternative view to traditional testing techniques